hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Benjamin Lev
Benjamin Lev (Hebrew: בנימין לב; born December 24, 1942) is an American-Israeli professor and former University Trustee Professor of Decision Sciences and Management Information Systems Department at Drexel University. He has been a prolific author and has made significant contributions in Operations Research and Management Science. He has contributed to the areas of inventory control, mathematical programming, and operations planning and scheduling. He is well known for his developments of Inventory Control Models, Transportation Problems, DEA and Fuzzy Decision Analyses.

His present editorial positions include the former (2002-2025) Editor-In-Chief of OMEGA - The International Journal of Management Science and the Co-Editor-In-Chief of International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management.

Drexel University
Drexel University is a private research university with its main campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Drexel's undergraduate school was founded in 1891 by Anthony J. Drexel, a financier and philanthropist. Founded as Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry, it was renamed Drexel Institute of Technology in 1936, before assuming its current name in 1970. As of 2020, more than 24,000 students were enrolled in over 70 undergraduate programs and more than 100 master's, doctoral, and professional programs at the university. Drexel's cooperative education program (co-op) is a unique aspect of the school's degree programs, offering students the opportunity to gain up to 18 months of paid, full-time work experience in a field relevant to their undergraduate major or graduate degree program prior to graduation.
Highway H21 (Ukraine)
H21 is an important Ukraine national highway (H-highway) in the Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast of Donbas, Ukraine. It connects Donetsk through Luhansk with Starobilsk.  The highway runs both, west–east between Donetsk and Luhansk, and south–north between Luhansk and Starobilsk.  It passes either through or near Makiivka, Kolosnykove, Khartsyzk, Zuhres; Serdyte, Molodetske, and Shakhtarsk in Shakhtarsky; Torez, Snizhne, Miusynsk, Krasnyi Luch; Ivanivka and Malomykolaivka in Antratsitivsky; Myrne, Uspenka, Lutuhyne, and Heorhiivka in Lutuhynsky; Luhansk; Metalisk, Stukalova Balka, and Lyman-Tsvitni Pisky-Svitle in Slovianoserbsky; Shchastia; Mykhailivka in Troitsky; Novoaidar, Denezhnykove, and Peremorzhne-Shtormove in Novoaidarsky; Shul'hynka in Markivsky, Baidivke, and Polovynkyne in Starobilsky.

Novoaidar Raion
Novoaidar Raion (Ukrainian: Новоайдарський район) was a raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion was the urban-type settlement of Novoaidar. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Luhansk Oblast to eight, of which only four were controlled by the government. The last estimate of the raion population was 39,700 (2020 est.).
Sanjib Senapati
Sanjib Senapati is an Indian biophysicist, biochemist, biotechnologist and a professor at the Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology of the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. He is known for his studies in the fields of protein dynamics, green chemistry and nanoclusters and is a Fulbright scholar. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2015.

Department of Biotechnology
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) is an Indian government department, under the Ministry of Science and Technology responsible for administrating development and commercialisation in the field of modern biology and biotechnology in India. It was set up in 1986.
Middletown Middies
The Middletown Middies were a minor league baseball team based in Middletown, New York. In 1913 and 1914, the Middies played as members of the New York–New Jersey League in 1913 and Atlantic League in 1914, hosting home minor league games at Watts Field.

Atlantic League (1914)
The second Atlantic League was a Class D minor league baseball league that operated for one season in 1914. The league had been known as the New York–New Jersey League a season earlier.: 1  The league president was Rosslyn M. Cox, who would later serve as the mayor of Middletown, New York.

The Poughkeepsie Honey Bugs finished first in the league standings, with a record of 65–31 (there was no postseason). Internal politics and poor financial agreements hindered the league, which made it to the year's end, but folded before it could play another season. It was unrelated, except for name, to the first league with the name. The name has subsequently been used for a contemporary independent minor league.
The Monikins
The Monikins is an 1835 novel, written by James Fenimore Cooper. The novel, a beast fable, was written between his composition of two of his more famous novels from the Leatherstocking Tales, The Prairie and The Pathfinder. The critic Christina Starobin compares the novel's plot to Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. The novel is a satire, narrated by the main character, the English Sir John Goldencalf. Goldencalf and the American captain Noah Poke travel on a series of humorous adventures to an Antarctic archipelago inhabited by a race of civilized monkeys.

The novel is not very popular with Cooper's readers. A contemporary critic of the novel in The Knickerbocker described it with great disappointment.

The Pathfinder, or The Inland Sea
The Pathfinder, or The Inland Sea is a historical novel by American author James Fenimore Cooper, first published in 1840. It is the fourth novel Cooper wrote featuring Natty Bumppo, his fictitious frontier hero, and the third chronological episode of the Leatherstocking Tales. The inland sea of the title is Lake Ontario.
Digital identity in Australia
In Australia, there are three main forms of digital identity:

Online identity providers such as myID and Australia Post's Digital iD

Services Australia's single sign-on portal myGov

Digital versions of physical credentials or identity documents such as a Driver's License or a Medicare card

Australia Post
Australia Post, formally the Australian Postal Corporation and also known as AusPost, is an Australian Government-owned corporation that provides postal services throughout Australia. Australia Post's head office is located on Swan Street in Richmond, Victoria.

Australia Post is the successor of the Postmaster-General's Department, which was established at federation in 1901 to formalise colonial postal services. In 1975, the department was abolished and its postal functions were taken over by the Australian Postal Commission. The organisation's current name and structure were adopted in 1989 when it was made into a government-owned corporation.
Jeffrey Osborne (album)
Jeffrey Osborne is the debut studio album by American singer Jeffrey Osborne. It was released by A&M Records on May 18, 1982. His solo debut after leaving his band L.T.D. for a solo career, Osborne worked with George Duke on the majority of the album, though legal issues had initially prevented him from signing his solo deal with A&M for a whole year.

George Duke
George Martin Duke (January 12, 1946 – August 5, 2013) was an American keyboardist, composer, singer-songwriter and record producer. He worked with numerous artists as arranger, music director, writer and co-writer, record producer and as a professor of music. He first made a name for himself with the album The Jean-Luc Ponty Experience with the George Duke Trio. He is known for his 32 solo albums, as well as for his collaborations with other musicians like Stanley Clarke and (his cousin) Dianne Reeves, but particularly with composer, guitarist and bandleader Frank Zappa.
Marios Makrionitis
Marios Makrionitis, SJ (Greek: Μάριος Μακρυωνίτης; 8 October 1913 – 8 April 1959) was a Greek Jesuit prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the Archbishop of Athens from 1953 until 1959, when he died from injuries caused by an automobile accident.

Archdiocese of Athens
The Archdiocese of Athens (Latin: Archidioecesis Atheniensis or Athenarum) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Greece. Its cathedra is found within the neoclassic Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite, in the episcopal see of Athens.
De Rietschoof
De Rietschoof is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Zaltbommel, and lies about 13 km southeast of Gorinchem.

It was first mentioned in 1847 as Rietschoof, and means bundle of reed (phragmites australis) for thatching. The postal authorities have placed it under Aalst. In 1840, it was home to 100 people. Since 2015, the hamlet has place name signs.

Aalst, Zaltbommel
Aalst [aːɫst] is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Zaltbommel, and lies about 12 km southeast of Gorinchem.

For a short while, Aalst was a separate municipality. In 1818, it became a part of the municipality of Poederoijen. According to the historian Van der Aa, there used to be an old castle here, but only a few remnants were left in the middle of the 19th century.

It was first mentioned in 850 as "Halosta".  Baldericus donated some pieces of land to the Benedictine monastery called Laurisheim. The etymology is unclear. Aalst developed into a stretched out esdorp. Part of the Protestant church dates from the 12th century. In 1840, it was home to 481 people.
Rancho Rosa Castilla
Rancho Rosa Castilla was a 3,283-acre (13.29 km2)  Mexican land grant in the southwestern San Rafael Hills, in present day Los Angeles County, California, given to Juan Ballesteros in 1831 by Governor Manuel Victoria.

It included present day Rose Hills, Lincoln Heights, City Terrace, El Sereno and portions of South Pasadena, Alhambra, and Monterey Park.  After California statehood, the land grant failed to receive confirmation from the U.S. Public Land Commission.

San Rafael Hills
The San Rafael Hills are a mountain range in Los Angeles County, California. They are one of the lower Transverse Ranges, and are parallel to and below the San Gabriel Mountains, adjacent to the San Gabriel Valley overlooking the Los Angeles Basin.
George Caldwell (politician)
George Alfred Caldwell (October 18, 1814 – September 17, 1866) was a United States representative from Kentucky's 4th Congressional district from 1843 to 1845 and 1849 to 1851. He also served in the Kentucky House of Representatives from 1839 to 1840.

Kentucky House of Representatives
The Kentucky House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kentucky General Assembly. It is composed of 100 Representatives elected from single-member districts throughout the Commonwealth. Not more than two counties can be joined to form a House district, except when necessary to preserve the principle of equal representation. Representatives are elected to two-year terms with no term limits. The Kentucky House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Frankfort.
VCR (EP)
VCR is the 2003 debut recording by the American band VCR, originally on Pop Faction Records as a limited-edition and regional release, created solely to sell at shows and give away to friends. When VCR was picked up by SideOneDummy, the album was re-released with a wider distribution in 2005.

SideOneDummy Records
SideOneDummy Records is an independent record label based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1995 by Bill Armstrong and Joe Sib. The label began as a way for them to release music for their friends' bands. Thereafter SideOneDummy launched the careers of bands like The Gaslight Anthem, AJJ, Flogging Molly, Gogol Bordello, Title Fight and others. Since 1998, SideOneDummy Records has also released the annual Warped Tour compilation album, which features music by bands playing on the current year's tour. Their YouTube channel, which features artists in their current roster, has 116,000 subscribers and 170,015,900 views (as of February 27, 2025).
Wiebe Nijenhuis
Wiebe Nijenhuis (Sneek, 30 January 1955 – IJlst, 1 April 2016) was a Dutch sportsperson. He was the Frisian strongest man between 1982 and 1984. After his career he was still active in the sport, including being a referee at the Frisian weightlifting championships a week before his death. He unexpectedly died at 61 on 1 April 2016.

IJlst
IJlst (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛilst]; West Frisian: Drylts pronounced [drilts]) is a city in Friesland, Netherlands. It is located about 3 km southwest of Sneek. It lies within the municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân and had a population of approximately 3,140 in January 2017.
Substitute character
In computer data, a substitute character (␚) is a control character that is used to pad transmitted data in order to send it in blocks of fixed size, or to stand in place of a character that is recognized to be invalid, erroneous or unrepresentable on a given device. It is also used as an escape sequence in some programming languages.

In the ASCII character set, this character is encoded by the number 26 (1A hex). Standard keyboards transmit this code when the Ctrl and Z keys are pressed simultaneously (Ctrl+Z, often documented by convention as ^Z). Unicode inherits this character from ASCII, but recommends that the replacement character (�, U+FFFD) be used instead to represent un-decodable inputs, when the output encoding is compatible with it.

Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal (hex for short) is a positional numeral system for representing a numeric value as base 16. For the most common convention, a digit is represented as "0" to "9" like for decimal and as a letter of the alphabet from "A" to "F" (either upper or lower case) for the digits with decimal value 10 to 15.

As typical computer hardware is binary in nature and that hex is power of 2, the hex representation is often used in computing as a dense representation of binary information. A hex digit represents 4 contiguous bits –known as a nibble. An 8-bit byte is two hex digits, such as 2C.

Special notation is often used to indicate that a number is hex. In mathematics, a subscript is typically used to specify the base. For example, the decimal value 491 would be expressed in hex as 1EB16. In computer programming, various notations are used. In C and many related languages, the prefix 0x is used. For example, 0x1EB.
1940 United States Senate election in North Dakota
The 1940 United States Senate election in North Dakota took place on November 5, 1940. Incumbent Republican Senator Lynn Frazier, who was first elected in 1922, ran for re-election to a fourth term. However, he was defeated in the Republican primary by former Governor William Langer. In the general election, Langer faced Democratic nominee Charles J. Vogel, an attorney, and Congressman William Lemke, who was running as an independent. In a close race, Langer narrowly defeated Lemke with a 38% plurality and won his first term in the Senate.

William Langer
William "Wild Bill" Langer (September 30, 1886 – November 8, 1959) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 17th governor of North Dakota from 1932 to 1934 and the 21st governor from 1937 to 1939. His governorship was demarcated by a scandal that forced him out of office and into multiple trials.

Langer was elected to the United States Senate in 1940, serving until he died in office in 1959. As a senator, he strongly opposed American military involvement in world affairs, being derided by his opponents as an isolationist.
Cobham & Stoke d'Abernon railway station
Cobham & Stoke d'Abernon railway station is in the village of Stoke d'Abernon in Surrey, England and also serves the nearby town of Cobham. It is 18 miles 63 chains (30.2 km) down the line from London Waterloo.

The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by South Western Railway.  It is on the New Guildford Line, and is served by trains between Waterloo and Guildford.

South Western Railway
South Western Railway Limited,  trading as South Western Railway (SWR), is a British state-owned train operating company that operates commuter services from its Central London terminus at London Waterloo to south west London, suburban services in the counties of Surrey, Hampshire, Berkshire and Dorset, as well as regional services in Devon, Somerset and Wiltshire. Under the Island Line brand, it operates services on the Isle of Wight.

SWR took over the services from the franchise operator of the same name owned by FirstGroup and MTR Corporation on 25 May 2025.
Marsjøen
Marsjøen is a lake in Folldal Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2.64-square-kilometre (1.02 sq mi) lake lies in the northern part of the municipality, about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east of the larger lake Fundin. There is a dam at the south end of the lake which is used to regulate the water height for use in the nearby Einunna and Savalen hydro-electric power stations.

Fundin (lake)
Fundin is a lake in Folldal Municipality in Innlandet county and Oppdal Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 9.72-square-kilometre (3.75 sq mi) lake has a dam at the south end of it, holding back the water for hydroelectric power production, before letting it flow into the Einunna river.

The lake lies in the Dovrefjell mountains, about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east of the Drivdalen valley, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of the village of Oppdal.
1976 U.S. Clay Court Championships
The 1976 U.S. Clay Court Championships was a tennis tournament that was part of the men's Grand Prix and the women's Grand Prix. It was held in Indianapolis in the United States and played on outdoor clay courts. It was the eight edition of the tournament in the Open Era and was held from August 9 through August 16, 1976. First-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title and the accompanying $25,000 first-prize money. Kathy May claimed the women's title and $6,000 in prize money.

Jimmy Connors
James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is an American former professional tennis player as well as an author, a tennis commentator, and a coach. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 268 weeks (fifth-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. Known for his fiery competitiveness, Connors holds three prominent Open Era men's singles records: 109 titles, 1,557 matches played, and 1,274 match wins. His titles include eight singles majors (an Open Era joint-record five US Opens, two Wimbledons, one Australian Open) and three year-end championships. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three major titles in a calendar year; he was not permitted to participate in the fourth, the French Open. His playing career ended in 1996.
Terry Kirkman
Terry Robert Kirkman (December 12, 1939 – September 23, 2023) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician best known as a vocalist and multi instrumentalist for the pop group The Association and the writer of several of the band's hit songs such as "Cherish", "Everything That Touches You", and "Six Man Band". As a member of The Association, he was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2003.

Vocal Group Hall of Fame
The Vocal Group Hall of Fame & Museum Company Inc. was an American-based hall of fame that honored vocal groups throughout the United States.  James E. Winner Jr. was the financial and managing partner of the For-profit corporation. Winner and Anthony F. Butala were the corporate officers/stockholders of The Museum Company.  They set up an office located at Winner's business address on State Street in Sharon, Pennsylvania.

Control of the hall of fame has changed over the years. It went into hiatus and was closed in 2008.
Jeanette Zwingenberger
Jeanette Zwingenberger (born 1962 in Memmingen) is a Paris-based independent art curator and art historical scholar. She is a member of the International Association of Art Critics and a UNESCO member of the Advisory Committee on Works of Art (ACWA) and teaches at the Pantheon-Sorbonne University. Originally a scholar of Renaissance Art, Dr. Zwingenberger generally specializes in contemporary art and is author of more than thirty books and exhibition catalogues, on it. 
She writes on art for Kunstmagazin, art press, L’œil and L'Observatoire de l'art contemporain. Zwingenberger has organized art exhibitions and interdisciplinary art programs on the topics of visual perception, hidden images, visual language, environments and cannibalism.

Art press
art press is a monthly international review of contemporary art. Its first issue was for December 1972–January 1973. The original branding, which has hardly changed since, was by Roger Tallon. Articles are in French and English.
Bullshot Crummond
Bullshot Crummond is a parody stage play of the British pulp hero Bulldog Drummond. The play was based on an idea by Ronald E. House and Diz White, was written in 1974 and first performed that year, by House, White, John Neville-Andrews, Alan Shearman, Brandis Kemp (Lenya Von Bruno) and Derek Cunningham at the Palladium Theater, 1031 Kearny Street, San Francisco, California.

It was later made into a 1983 film, Bullshot.

Ron House
Ron House is an American punk rock singer and songwriter from Columbus, Ohio. He was the frontman of the bands Great Plains and Thomas Jefferson Slave Apartments. He is known for his high-pitched, nasal singing voice.
Loser (BigBang song)
"Loser" is a song by South Korean boy band BigBang. It was released on May 1, 2015, alongside "Bae Bae" as the group's fifth single album M, and as the first single of their third Korean-language studio album Made (2016). The single marked BigBang's first release since Still Alive (2012). Written by G-Dragon, T.O.P, Teddy and produced by Teddy alongside Taeyang, "Loser" has been described as a hip hop and R&B song.

"Loser" was a commercial success for the group. It debuted atop the Gaon Digital Chart, topping the chart for three consecutive weeks and finishing as the second best-performing song of 2015. Furthermore, it topped Billboard's World Digital Song Sales chart and reached the charts in Finland and Japan.

Circle Digital Chart
The Circle Digital Chart, previously known as the Gaon Digital Chart, is the music industry standard record chart ranking the 200 most popular singles in South Korea. It provides rankings on a weekly, monthly, and yearly basis, which is based on an aggregate of streaming, downloads and background music from major South Korean music platforms, as well as video ringback tone sales from the V Coloring app. It is a part of the Circle Chart, previously known as the Gaon Chart.
Talk Tonight
"Talk Tonight" is a song by English rock band Oasis, written and sung by the band's lead guitarist Noel Gallagher. It was originally released on 24 April 1995 as the B-side of their UK number one single "Some Might Say" along with "Acquiesce" and "Headshrinker" and appears on the B-side compilation album, The Masterplan, released in November 1998. In the United States, it was released as one of the B-sides to "Wonderwall". This song also appears in remastered form on the 2014 deluxe version of (What's the Story) Morning Glory?.

Acquiesce
"Acquiesce" is a song by English rock band Oasis, written by Noel Gallagher. The song originally appeared as the B-side to Oasis' first UK number-one single, "Some Might Say", in 1995. It was included on the B-sides compilation album The Masterplan, released in 1998.