hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Water splitting
Water splitting is the endergonic chemical reaction in which water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen:

Efficient and economical water splitting would be a technological breakthrough that could underpin a hydrogen economy. A version of water splitting occurs in photosynthesis, but hydrogen is not released but rather used ionically to drive the Calvin cycle. The reverse of water splitting is the basis of the hydrogen fuel cell. Water splitting using solar radiation has not been commercialized.

High-temperature electrolysis
High-temperature electrolysis (also HTE or steam electrolysis, or HTSE) is a technology for producing hydrogen from water at high temperatures or other products, such as iron or carbon nanomaterials, as higher energy lowers needed electricity to split molecules and opens up new, potentially better electrolytes like molten salts or hydroxides. Unlike electrolysis at room temperature, HTE operates at elevated temperature ranges depending on the thermal capacity of the material. Because of the detrimental effects of burning fossil fuels on humans and the environment, HTE has become a necessary alternative and efficient method by which hydrogen can be prepared on a large scale and used as fuel. The vision of HTE is to move towards decarbonization in all economic sectors. The material requirements for this process are: the heat source, the electrodes, the electrolyte, the electrolyzer membrane, and the source of electricity.
After the Heat
After the Heat is a 1978 album by Brian Eno, Dieter Moebius and Hans-Joachim Roedelius (the latter two being the core members of Cluster), credited to "Eno Moebius Roedelius". The album represents the second collaboration by the trio, the first being 1977's Cluster & Eno. As with the previous album, After the Heat was created in collaboration with the influential krautrock producer Conny Plank.

Conny Plank
Konrad "Conny" Plank (3 May 1940 – 5 December 1987) was a German record producer and musician. He is known for his innovative work as a sound engineer and producer in Germany's krautrock and kosmische music scene in the 1970s. Plank was involved in releases by Neu!, Kraftwerk, Cluster, Harmonia, Ash Ra Tempel, Guru Guru, Kraan, and other German groups of the era. He later produced for new wave acts such as D.A.F., Eurythmics, Ultravox and Killing Joke and was influential to producer Martin Hannett.

As a billed performer, Plank also formed the group Moebius & Plank, releasing 5 albums between 1979 and 1986.
Forså
Forså is a village in Ibestad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The village is located along the Astafjorden on the south side of the island of Rolla, about half-way between the villages of Sørrollnes and Hamnvik.

Ibestad Municipality
Ibestad (Northern Sami: Ivvárstádik) is a municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Central Hålogaland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Hamnvik. Some of the other larger villages in Ibestad include Engenes, Laupstad, Rollnes, Sørrollnes, Sørvika, and Å.

The 241-square-kilometre (93 sq mi) municipality is the 293rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Ibestad Municipality is the 313th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,311. The municipality's population density is 5.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (14/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 8.7% over the previous 10-year period.
V. T. Balram
V. T. Balram (born 21 May 1978) is an Indian politician from Kerala and a member of the Indian National Congress and vice-president of Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee. He was a member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly representing Thrithala constituency for two consecutive terms. Later he was defeated by M. B. Rajesh of Communist Party of India (Marxist) by a vote margin of 3173.

M. B. Rajesh
M. B. Rajesh (born 12 March 1971) is an Indian politician who has served as the State Minister for Local Self-Governments and Excise of Kerala, since 2022 and Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, since 2024. He previously served as the Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 2021 to 2022 and represents Thrithala State Assembly Constituency since 2021.

He was a Member of the Lok Sabha representing Palakkad Lok Sabha Constituency from 2009 to 2019.
Ruth Cross Kwansing
Ruth Maryanne Cross Kwansing (born 6 April 1979) is an I-Kiribati politician who campaigned on South Tarawa as an independent member of parliament in Kiribati in the 2024 election. She then joined the Tobwaan Kiribati Party. She became the Minister of Women, Youth, Sport and Social Affairs.

Tobwaan Kiribati Party
The Tobwaan Kiribati Party (English: Embracing Kiribati Party, TKP) is a political party in Kiribati. It is one of the two dominant parties in Kiribati, the other being the Boutokaan Kiribati Moa Party.
Chronolect
In linguistics, a chronolect or temporal dialect is a specific speech variety whose characteristics are in particular determined by time-related factors. As such, it can be contrasted with a sociolect, an ethnolect or a geolect. In historical linguistics, a chronolect is set more or less equal to a specific language stage. Many chronolects are extinct or endangered.

The term has been used to describe newly formed political proverbs in Nigeria.

Ethnolect
An ethnolect is generally defined as a language variety that marks speakers as members of ethnic groups who originally used another language or distinctive variety. According to another definition, an ethnolect is any speech variety (language, dialect, subdialect) associated with a specific ethnic group. It may be a distinguishing mark of social identity, both within the group and for outsiders. The term combines the concepts of an ethnic group and dialect.

The term was first used to describe the monolingual English of descendants of European immigrants in Buffalo, New York. The term ethnolect in North American sociolinguistics has traditionally been used to describe the English of ethnic immigrant groups from non-English speaking locales. Linguistically, the ethnolect is marked by substrate influence from the first language (L1), a result of the transition from bilingualism to English monolingualism.
155th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)
The 155th Mechanized Brigade (Ukrainian: 155 окрема механізована бригада) is a brigade of the Ukrainian Ground Forces formed in 2024 and partially trained in France. In January 2025, it became the subject of controversy after it was reported that around 1,700 members of the brigade had gone AWOL during its formation, which led to the arrest of the brigade commander.

Desertion
Desertion is the abandonment of a military duty or post without permission (a pass, liberty or leave) and is done with the intention of not returning. This contrasts with unauthorized absence (UA) or absence without leave (AWOL /ˈeɪwɒl/), which are temporary forms of absence.
The Avowing of Arthur
The Avowing of Arthur, or in full The Avowing of King Arthur, Sir Gawain, Sir Kay, and Baldwin of Britain, is an anonymous Middle English romance in 16-line tail-rhyme stanzas telling of the adventures of its four heroes in and around Carlisle and Inglewood Forest.  The poem was probably composed towards the end of the 14th century or the beginning of the 15th century by a poet in the north of England.  It exhibits many similarities of form and plot with Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and other romances of the Middle English Gawain cycle.  Though formerly dismissed as an ill-organized collection of unconnected episodes, it has more recently been called a "complex and thought-provoking romance" with an effective diptych structure, which displays a wide knowledge of Arthurian and other tales and gives a fresh turn to them.

Inglewood Forest
Inglewood Forest is  a large tract of mainly arable and dairy farm land with a few small woodland areas between Carlisle and Penrith in the English non-metropolitan county of Cumbria or ancient county of Cumberland.
Shishak
Shishak, also spelled Shishaq or Susac (Hebrew: שִׁישַׁק, romanized: Šīšaq, Tiberian: [ʃiʃaq], Koine Greek: Σουσακίμ, romanized: Sousakim), was, according to the Hebrew Bible, a pharaoh of Egypt who sacked Jerusalem in the 10th century BC. He is usually identified with the pharaoh Shoshenq I.

He supported Jeroboam against Rehoboam of the Kingdom of Judah, and led a successful campaign through that country with a large army. Shishak did not destroy Jerusalem, but took the treasures of Solomon's Temple and the king's house. His campaign records, found in the Bubastite Portal at Karnak and a relief at el-Hibeh, list several conquered towns but fail to mention Jerusalem. The omission has sparked various theories, with some scholars questioning the historical accuracy of the Biblical account and others suggesting possible explanations for the omission. Shishak has also appeared in popular culture, notably in the film Raiders of the Lost Ark.

El Hiba
El Hiba (alt. el-Hibeh; Arabic الحيبة al-Ḥībah) is the modern name of the ancient Egyptian city of Tayu-djayet (t3yw-ḏ3yt), an ancient nickname meaning "their walls" in reference to the massive enclosure walls built on the site. In Coptic, it was known as ⲧⲉⲩϫⲟ Teujo. 
During the Graeco-Roman period it was called Ancyron polis (Ancient Greek: Ἀγκυρῶν πόλις) and Ancyronpolis, meaning anchor city, and it took its name from the manufacture of stone anchors cut from the neighboring quarries.
In antiquity, the city was located in the 18th Upper Egyptian nome, and today it is found in the Bani Suwayf governorate.
Telenordia
Telenordia was a Swedish telephone company and Internet service provider. It was founded in 1995 as a joint venture between BT Group, TeleDanmark and Telenor. TeleDanmark sold its part in 2000. In 2001 the company was split up between BT and Telenor. The private customers were bought by Glocalnet.

Telenor
Telenor ASA (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈtêːlənuːr] or [tɛləˈnuːr]) is a Norwegian majority state-owned multinational telecommunications company headquartered at Fornebu in Bærum, close to Oslo. It is one of the world's largest mobile telecommunications companies with operations worldwide, but focused in Scandinavia and Asia. It has extensive broadband and TV distribution operations in four Nordic countries, and a 10-year-old research and business line for machine-to-machine technology. Telenor owns networks in 8 countries.

Telenor is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange and had a market capitalization in November 2015 of kr 225 billion, making it the third largest company listed on the OSE after DNB and Equinor (previously known as Statoil).
Sivappu
Sivappu (transl. Red) is a 2015 Indian Tamil language crime drama film directed by Sathyasiva and produced by Muktha Films and Punnagai Poo Gheetha. Evoking the plight of Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in India, the film stars Rajkiran, Naveen Chandra and Rupa Manjari with music composed by N. R. Raghunanthan.

N. R. Raghunanthan
N. R. Raghunanthan is an Indian film score and soundtrack composer. He has scored music for Tamil films.

NR Raghunanthan debuted as a music director in 2010 with Thenmerku Paruvakaatru directed by Seenu Ramasamy which met with critical acclaim and went on to win three National Film Awards at the 58th National Film Awards. His second film was Krishnaveni Panjaalai (2012). Meanwhile, he had also composed SR Prabhakaran's Sundarapandiyan and Seenu Ramasamy's Neerparavai in the same year, while the former was a commercial success, the latter was critically well received. He also worked for music director G. V. Prakash Kumar's debutant productional movie Madha Yaanai Koottam.
Mohammad Hannan
Mohammad Hannan (14 December 1949 – 21 January 2014) was a Bangladeshi film director and producer. He was known for directing several notable commercial films in Dhallywood. He entered the film industry as an assistant to Baby Islam. His first film was Rai Binodini (1985). His notable films include Bikkhob (1994), Praner Cheye Priyo (1997), Bidroho Charidike (2000), and Sahoshi Manush Chai (2003). He won the Bachsas Award for Best Dialogue Writer. His last film, Shikhandi Kotha (2013), won the Meril-Prothom Alo Award in the Best Film Director category.

Praner Cheye Priyo
Praner Cheye Priyo (transl. More beloved than life) is a 1997 Bangladeshi film starring Riaz and Ravina in lead roles. It was Rabina's debut film. The film became a commercial success. The songs "Je Prem Swargo Theke Ase" and "Porena Chokher Polok" enjoyed chart success.
1993 Memorial Cup
The 1993 Memorial Cup took place 15–23 May 1993, at the Sault Memorial Gardens in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.  It was the 75th annual Memorial Cup competition and determined the major junior ice hockey champion of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL).

Sault Ste. Marie won their first Memorial Cup, defeating Peterborough in the championship game.

1989 Memorial Cup
The 1989 Memorial Cup occurred May 6–13 at the brand new Saskatchewan Place in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.  It was the 71st annual Memorial Cup competition and determined the major junior ice hockey champion of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL).  Participating teams were the Western Hockey League champion Swift Current Broncos, the WHL hosts, the Saskatoon Blades, as well as the winners of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League and Ontario Hockey League which were the Laval Titan and Peterborough Petes.  In the first ever all-WHL final (in fact, an all-Saskatchewan final), an overflow, bi-partisan crowd of more than 11,000 saw Swift Current beat Saskatoon in overtime to win their first Memorial Cup.
Zagreb Electric Tram
The Zagreb Electric Tram (Croatian: Zagrebački električni tramvaj, ZET) is the transit authority responsible for public transport in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, and parts of the surrounding Zagreb County.

ZET operates an extensive bus system, 19 tram lines (15 daytime lines and 4 nighttime lines), a gondola lift and a funicular line. Historically, ZET workshops also produced trams (namely, types M-22, M-24 and three TMK 101 prototypes). The vehicles are painted in blue, a recognizable symbol of the city's public transport. ZET offers free public transportation to all citizens over 65 and under 18 years old, starting in 2024 and 2025 respectively.

Funicular
A funicular (/fjuːˈnɪkjʊlər, f(j)ʊ-, f(j)ə-/ few-NIK-yoo-lər, f(y)uu-, f(j)ə-), or funicular railway, is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to opposite ends of a haulage cable, which is looped over a pulley at the upper end of the track. The result of such a configuration is that the two carriages move synchronously: as one ascends, the other descends at an equal speed. This feature distinguishes funiculars from inclined elevators, which have a single car that is hauled uphill.

The term funicular derives from the Latin word funiculus, the diminutive of funis, meaning 'rope'.
Jam River
Jam is an intermittent river in central India in southern Madhya Pradesh. It originates in Betul District and flows through Chhindwara District during its short run, ultimately draining into the Kanhan River. This confluence is located at the border with Maharashtra.

An ambitious water project in the form of a dam had been proposed by Maharashtra in anticipation of the growing water needs of metro Nagpur. However the project was shelved for the time being due to lack of co-operation from the state government in Madhya Pradesh.

A gotmar (stone throwing) fair, located between Sawargaon (Savargaon) village and the town of Pandhurna, is organized every year along its banks.

Betul district
Betul district (Hindi pronunciation: [bɛːt̪uːl]) is a district in the southern part of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The city of Betul serves as its administrative headquarters. The district is a part of Narmadapuram Division.

The district lies along the Satpura Range bordering the Narmada Valley and Berar Plains. The district has much religious significance, namely the source of the Tapti River at Multai and the Jain temples of Muktagiri.
Gregory-Lincoln Education Center
Edgar Gregory-Abraham Lincoln Education Center (GLEC) is a K-8 school located at 1101 Taft in the Fourth Ward area of Houston, Texas, United States. Gregory-Lincoln is a part of the Houston Independent School District (HISD) and has a fine arts magnet program that takes students in both the elementary and middle school levels. Originally built in 1966 as Lincoln Junior and Senior High School, it later operated as Lincoln Junior High School until Gregory Elementary School merged into it in 1980, forming Gregory-Lincoln. The school moved into its current building in 2008; the rebuilding was delayed due to concerns that U.S. Civil War-era graveyards would be disturbed by the rebuilding process.

One namesake is Edgar M. Gregory, an officer in the Union army in the U.S. Civil War and the assistant commissioner of the Texas area's Freedmen's Bureau. The other is Abraham Lincoln.

Houston Independent School District
The Houston Independent School District (HISD) is the largest public school system in Texas, and the eighth-largest in the United States. Houston ISD serves as a community school district for most of the city of Houston and several nearby and insular municipalities in addition to some unincorporated areas. Like most districts in Texas, it is independent of the city of Houston and all other municipal and county jurisdictions. The district has its headquarters in the Hattie Mae White Educational Support Center in Houston.

In 2016, the school district was rated "met standards" by the Texas Education Agency.
Hobson's Pledge
Hobson's Pledge is a lobby group in New Zealand that was formed in late September 2016 to oppose affirmative action for Māori people. It is led by conservative politician Don Brash. The group aims to redefine the position of Māori in New Zealand. This would include removing the Māori electorates, abolishing the Waitangi Tribunal, restricting tribal powers and "remove all references in law and in Government policy to Treaty 'partnership' and 'principles'".

Waitangi Tribunal
The Waitangi Tribunal (Māori: Te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi) is a New Zealand permanent commission of inquiry established under the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975. It is charged with investigating and making recommendations on claims brought by Māori relating to actions or omissions of the Crown, in the period largely since 1840, that breach the promises made in the Treaty of Waitangi. The Tribunal is not a court of law; therefore, the Tribunal's recommendations and findings are not binding on the Crown. They are sometimes not acted on, for instance in the foreshore and seabed dispute.

The inquiry process contributes to the resolution of Treaty claims and to the reconciliation of outstanding issues between Māori and Pākehā. In 2014, the Tribunal found that Ngāpuhi rangatira did not give up their sovereignty when they signed the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840.
Thomas Thorburn
Thomas William Thorburn (April 13, 1913 - March 13, 2003) was a Swedish economist, and Professor of Business Administration at the Stockholm School of Economics, known from his work on the "Supply and demand of water transport" (1960), and the "Cost-benefit analysis in language planning" (1971).

Born in Uddevalla, Thorburn obtained his PhD in 1960 at the Stockholm School of Economics with the thesis, entitled "Supply and demand of water transport: studies in cost and revenue structures of ships, ports and transport buyers with respect to their effects on supply and demand of water carriage of goods."

After his graduation Thorburn served his academic career at the Stockholm School of Economics, where he was Professor in Business Administration from 1961 to 1978. He was succeeded by Nils Brunsson.

Stockholm School of Economics
The Stockholm School of Economics (SSE; Swedish: Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, HHS) is a private business school located in Vasastan's city district in the central part of Stockholm, Sweden. SSE offers BSc, MSc and MBA programs, along with PhD- and Executive education programs.

SSE is accredited by EQUIS and is a member of CEMS. SSE has founded sister organizations: SSE Riga in Riga, Latvia, and SSE Russia in St Petersburg and Moscow, Russia. It also operates the European Institute of Japanese Studies (Japanese, kanji: 欧州日本研究所, Japanese, romaji: Ōshū Nihon kenkyūjo), a research institute in Tokyo, Japan.
Lufia: The Legend Returns
Lufia: The Legend Returns is a role-playing video game for the Game Boy Color developed by Neverland and published by Taito, Natsume Inc., and Ubi Soft in Japan, North America, and Europe, respectively, in 2001. It is the third game in the Lufia series and the first one to appear on a handheld gaming system.

Neverland (company)
Neverland Company Inc. was a Japanese video game developer founded on May 7, 1993. It has developed games for Super NES, Dreamcast, GameCube, PlayStation 2, Game Boy Color, Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation 3 and the Wii. The most notable games this company developed were part of the Lufia and Rune Factory series of video games. By November 2013, the company ceased operations and filed for bankruptcy. The following year, many former members of the studio were hired by Marvelous, who had published many of their previous games.
Pattle Island
Pattle Island (Simplified Chinese: 珊瑚岛; Pinyin: Shānhú dǎo; Sino-Vietnamese: San Hô đảo; Vietnamese: Đảo Hoàng Sa) is a coral island belonging to the Crescent Island group of the Paracel Islands. During the period of Vietnamese and French colonial occupation of the islands, Pattle Island was chosen as the main base. 100% of the island was near the mainland, near the center of the archipelago and near many other islands, so it was easier to control than Woody Island, the largest of the Paracels.

China, Taiwan and Vietnam all claim sovereignty over the Paracel Islands, including Pattle Island. China has had de facto control of the island and the rest of the archipelago since the Battle of the Paracel Islands in January 1974.

Battle of the Paracel Islands
The Battle of the Paracel Islands (Chinese: 西沙海战; pinyin: Xisha haizhan; Vietnamese: Hải chiến Hoàng Sa) was an engagement between the Chinese and South Vietnamese navies near the Paracel Islands from 19 to 20 January 1974. The battle was part of an attempt by the South Vietnamese navy to remove the Chinese navy from the area towards the end of the Vietnam War.

Prior to the conflict, part of the Paracel Islands was controlled by China and another part was controlled by South Vietnam. The battle resulted in a victory for China over South Vietnam. Consequently, China occupied the portion formerly controlled by South Vietnam and established full de facto control over the Paracels. The battle made South Vietnam conduct a campaign to station troops on unoccupied islands in the Spratlys from 30th.
Enrique el Mellizo
Enrique Jiménez Fernández (1 December 1848 – 30 May 1906), known as Enrique el Mellizo was a famous flamenco singer, the most influential one in the development of the Cádiz flamenco styles. Together with Silverio Franconetti and Antonio Chacón, he is considered to be one of the most important figures in the development of flamenco. He was the author of one of the most important malagueña styles, and is reported to have created or developed some styles of Soleares, Alegrías, and Tangos. An oral tradition also states that he was the creator of the Tientos.

Tiento
Tiento (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtjento], Portuguese: Tento [ˈtẽtu]) is a musical genre originating in Spain in the mid-15th century.  It is formally analogous to the fantasia (fantasy), found in England, Germany, and the Low Countries, and also the ricercare, first found in Italy.  By the end of the 16th century the tiento was exclusively a keyboard form, especially of organ music.  It continued to be the predominant form in the Spanish organ tradition through the time of Cabanilles, and developed many variants.  Additionally, many 20th-century composers have written works entitled "tiento".