hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Quasi-Frobenius ring
In mathematics, especially ring theory, the class of Frobenius rings and their generalizations are the extension of work done on Frobenius algebras.  Perhaps the most important generalization is that of quasi-Frobenius rings (QF rings), which are in turn generalized by right pseudo-Frobenius rings (PF rings) and right finitely pseudo-Frobenius rings (FPF rings).  Other diverse generalizations of quasi-Frobenius rings include QF-1, QF-2 and QF-3 rings.

These types of rings can be viewed as descendants of algebras examined by Georg Frobenius.  A partial list of pioneers in quasi-Frobenius rings includes R. Brauer, K. Morita, T. Nakayama, C. J. Nesbitt, and R. M. Thrall.

Kiiti Morita
Kiiti Morita (森田 紀一, Morita Kiichi; February 11, 1915 – August 4, 1995) was a Japanese mathematician working in algebra and topology.

Morita was born in 1915 in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture and graduated from the Tokyo Higher Normal School in 1936. Three years later he was appointed assistant at the Tokyo University of Science. He received his Ph.D. from Osaka University in 1950, with a thesis in topology. After teaching at the Tokyo Higher Normal School, he became professor at the University of Tsukuba in 1951. He held this position until 1978, after which he taught at Sophia University. Morita died of heart failure in 1995 at the Sakakibara Heart Institute in Tokyo; he was survived by his wife, Tomiko, his son, Yasuhiro, and a grandson.

He introduced the concepts now known as Morita equivalence and Morita duality which were given wide circulation in the 1960s by Hyman Bass in a series of lectures. The Morita conjectures on normal topological spaces are also named after him.
Oberalpstock
The Oberalpstock or Piz Tgietschen is a mountain in the Glarus Alps between the cantons of Uri and Graubünden. Its massif separates the valleys of Maderanertal (Uri) and Surselva near Sedrun (Graubündnen).

The Oberalpstock is the highest summit of the Glarus Alps west of the Tödi, and also the highest mountain in the canton of Uri east of the Reuss.

Tödi
The Tödi (3,613 metres (11,854 ft)), is a mountain massif and with the mountain peak Piz Russein the highest mountain in the Glarus Alps and the highest summit in the canton of Glarus, Switzerland. It is located on the border between the cantons of Grisons (Graubünden) to the south, and Glarus to the north, close to the point where those two cantons meet the canton of Uri, to the west. Although not the culminating point of Grisons, it is its highest peak outside the Bernina range.
1988 Intercontinental final
The 1988 Intercontinental Final was the fourteenth running of the Intercontinental Final as part of the qualification for the 1988 Speedway World Championship. The 1988 Final was run on 6 August at the Vetlanda Speedway in Vetlanda, Sweden, and was the last qualifying stage for riders from Scandinavia, the USA and from the Commonwealth nations for the World Final to be held at the Speedway Center in Vojens, Denmark.

Vetlanda Speedway
Njudungarna or Vetlanda Speedway are a motorcycle speedway team based in Vetlanda, Sweden, who compete in the Swedish Speedway Team Championship. They race at the Vetlanda Motorstadion and are ten times champions of Sweden.
Samson v. California
Samson v. California, 547 U.S. 843 (2006), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court affirmed the California Court of Appeal's ruling that suspicionless searches of parolees are lawful under California law and that the search in this case was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution because it was not arbitrary, capricious, or harassing.

This case answered in the affirmative a variation of the question the Court left open in United States v. Knights, 534 U.S. 112, 120 n.6 (2001), "whether a condition of release can so diminish or eliminate a released prisoner's reasonable expectation of privacy that a suspicionless search by a law enforcement officer would not offend the Fourth Amendment."

California Courts of Appeal
The California Courts of Appeal are the state intermediate appellate court system of the U.S. state of California. The state is geographically divided along county lines into six appellate districts. The California Courts of Appeal review appeals from the Superior Courts of California, and any further appeal is to the Supreme Court of California.

The California Courts of Appeal form the largest state-level intermediate appellate court system in the United States, with 106 justices.
Merwin H. Silverthorn
Merwin Hancock Silverthorn (September 22, 1896 – August 14, 1985) was a highly decorated Lieutenant General in the United States Marine Corps, Navy Cross recipient.

He was an expert in amphibious warfare and taught courses at Marine Corps training facilities in the 1930s.  He served in numerous conflicts including World War I as field commander and during World War II as a senior staff officer. Following World War II, Silverthorn served in many important capacities like Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, director of the Marine Corps Reserve or commanding general of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island.

Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island
Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island (often abbreviated as MCRD PI) is an 8,095-acre (3,276 ha) military installation located within Port Royal, South Carolina, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Beaufort, the community that is typically associated with the installation. MCRD Parris Island is used for United States Marine Corps Recruit Training of enlisted United States Marines. Recruits living east of the Mississippi River report there to receive initial training. Recruits living west of the Mississippi River receive training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego, California, but may train at MCRD Parris Island by special request. Parris Island is only open to civilians for the Museum, and prior criminal history such as felonies and drug charges will prevent visitors from entering the island.
TAB (armoured personnel carrier)
TAB (Romanian: Transportor Amfibiu Blindat, translated Amphibious Armoured Personnel Carrier) is the Romanian military designation of armoured personnel carriers. The TAB APCs were based on the Russian BTR series until the early 1990s, with several improvements, including better diesel engines. After 1990, new TAB designs have been developed, such as the RN-94 and the Saur series, but none of these designs entered mass production.

TAB-71
The TAB-71 (Transportorul Amfibiu Blindat model 1971) is the Romanian license-built version of the BTR-60PB. It was produced between 1970 and 1990 by RATMIL (now Romarm). It is the only other license manufacture of the BTR-60PB.
Ground ball pitcher
In baseball, a ground ball pitcher (also ground-ball pitcher or groundball pitcher) is a type of pitcher who has a tendency to induce ground balls from opposing batters. The average ground ball pitcher has a ground ball rate of at least 50%, with extreme ground ball pitchers maintaining a ground ball rate of around 55%. Pitchers with a ground ball rate lower than 50% may be classified as flyball pitchers or as pitchers who exhibit the tendencies of both ground ball and fly ball pitchers. Ground ball pitchers rely on pitches that are low in the strike zone with substantial downward movement, such as splitters and sinker balls.

Most baseball analysts, such as sabermetrician Tom Tango, agree that ground ball pitchers are generally better pitchers than those with fly ball tendencies. Meanwhile, baseball writer and analyst Bill James argues the opposite because of injury patterns among ground ball pitchers.

Strike zone
In baseball, the strike zone is the area of space through which a pitch must pass in order to be called a strike even if the batter does not swing. The strike zone is defined as the volume of space above home plate and between the batter's knees and the midpoint of his torso. Whether a pitch passes through the zone is decided by an umpire, who is generally positioned behind the catcher.

Strikes are desirable for the pitcher and the fielding team, as three strikes result in a strikeout of that batter. A pitch that misses the strike zone is called a ball if the batter does not swing at it. Balls are desirable for the batter and the batting team, as four balls allow the batter to take a "walk" to first base as a base on balls.
Mass-to-charge ratio
The mass-to-charge ratio (m/Q) is a physical quantity relating the mass (quantity of matter) and the electric charge of a given particle, expressed in units of kilograms per coulomb (kg/C). It is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics.

It appears in the scientific fields of electron microscopy, cathode ray tubes, accelerator physics, nuclear physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, cosmology and mass spectrometry.  The importance of the mass-to-charge ratio, according to classical electrodynamics, is that two particles with the same mass-to-charge ratio move in the same path in a vacuum, when subjected to the same electric and magnetic fields.

Some disciplines use the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/m) instead, which is the multiplicative inverse of the mass-to-charge ratio.  The CODATA recommended value for an electron is ⁠Q/m⁠ = −1.75882000838(55)×1011 C⋅kg−1.

Coulomb
The coulomb (symbol: C) is the unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined to be equal to the electric charge delivered by a 1 ampere current in 1 second, with the elementary charge e as a defining constant in the SI.
Egoitz García
Egoitz García Echeguibel (born 31 March 1986) is a Spanish professional road bicycle racer who last rode for UCI Continental team Equipo Bolivia. He formerly rode for UCI Professional Continental Team Cofidis.

Born in Barakaldo, García has competed as a professional since the start of the 2010 season, riding as a member of the Caja Rural squad for two seasons before joining Cofidis for the 2012 season. In August 2012, García took his first victory for the team, by winning the two-stage Paris–Corrèze race in France; having finished with the peloton in stage one, García finished second to FDJ–BigMat's Kenny Elissonde on the final stage, after the pair had broken away from the main field. In December 2014 it was announced that García would join the new Basque-based Murias Taldea team for 2015.

Cofidis (cycling team)
Cofidis  (UCI team code: COF) is a French professional road bicycle racing team sponsored by a money-lending company, Cofidis.  It was started in 1996 by Cyrille Guimard, the former manager of Bernard Hinault, Greg LeMond and Laurent Fignon of the Renault–Elf–Gitane team of the 1980s. The team's sponsor has supported the team despite repeated problems such as doping scandals. After it was part of the UCI ProTour for the ProTour's first five seasons, from 2010 the team competed as a UCI Professional Continental team. The team joined the UCI World Tour for the 2020 season.
Raymond A. Young
Raymond Allen Young (born March 14, 1945) is an American materials researcher, wood scientist and emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.

Roger M. Rowell
Roger M. Rowell (Wichita, Kansas; November 28, 1939) is an American biochemist and wood scientist of the Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, and emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who is an elected fellow (FIAAM) of the International Association for Advanced Materials and an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.
Linares, Chile
Linares is a Chilean city and commune located in the Maule Region and lies in the fertile Chilean Central Valley, 303 km (188 mi) south of Santiago and 50 km (31 mi) south of Talca, the regional capital. Linares is the capital city of the province of Linares.

Talca
Talca (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtalka]) is a city and commune in Chile located about 255 km (158 mi) south of Santiago, and is the capital of both Talca Province and Maule Region (7th Region of Chile). As of the 2012 census, the city had a population of 201,142.

The city is an important economic center, with agricultural (wheat) and manufacturing activities, as well as wine production. It is also the location of the Universidad de Talca and the Catholic University of Maule, among others. The Catholic Church of Talca has held a prominent role in the history of Chile.
Kim Young-hee (comedian)
Kim Young-hee (Korean: 김영희; born August 23, 1983) is a South Korean comedian, managed under the entertainment agency A9 Media. She gained notoriety in 2010 with her role in the Gag Concert skit "Two Minute Debate", and won the best new female comedian award at that year's KBS Entertainment Awards. Kim was a former member of Celeb Five (Korean: 셀럽파이브), a dance group formed by Kim Shin-young and produced by CONTENTS LAB VIVO, a contents company owned by Song Eun-i.

Song Eun-i
Song Eun-i (Korean: 송은이; born January 4, 1973) is a South Korean singer, actress and comedian. She made her debut as a theater actress in 1993. In the same year, she made her debut as a comedian in KBS. She is currently signed under her own  management company Media Lab Seesaw (SISO). Currently, Song is running own company Media Lab Seesaw as CEO with her friend, Kim-Sook as director.
Candy Palmater
Candy Palmater (December 4, 1968 – December 25, 2021) was a Canadian actress, comedienne, and broadcaster. She was the creator and writer of her own national television show for APTN, The Candy Show, and hosted the daily interview series The Candy Palmater Show on CBC Radio One in summer 2016.

CBC Radio One
CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming. It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Canadians and overseas over the Internet, and through mobile apps. CBC Radio One is simulcast across Canada on Bell Satellite TV satellite channels 956 and 953, and Shaw Direct satellite channel 870.
A modified version of Radio One, with local content replaced by additional airings of national programming, is available on Sirius XM channel 169. It is downlinked to subscribers via SiriusXM Canada and its U.S.-based counterpart, Sirius XM Satellite Radio.

In 2010, Radio One reached 4.3 million listeners each week. It was the largest radio network in Canada.
Zeir Anpin
Ze`ir Anpin (Aramaic:  זְעֵיר אַנפִּין meaning "Lesser Countenance/Small Face", is a revealed aspect of God in Kabbalah, comprising the emotional sephirot attributes: Chesed, Gevurah, Tiphereth, Netzach, Hod and Yesod.

The Zohar's imagery expounds its role in Creation, where it is the microscopic equivalent of Arich Anpin (Macroprosopus) in the Sephirotic tree of life. The Sifra D'Tzniuta portrays it as the revealed face of God, and the Idra Rabba elaborates on the Kabbalistic significance of its several attributes . In 16th century Lurianic doctrine it becomes systemised as one of the 6 Primary Partzufim Divine Personae, as part of the cosmic process of Tikkun Rectification.

Yesod
Yesod (Hebrew: יְסוֹד Yəsōḏ, Tiberian: Yăsōḏ, "foundation") is a sephirah or node in the kabbalistic Tree of Life, a system of Jewish philosophy. Yesod, located near the base of the Tree, is the sephirah below Hod and Netzach, and above Malkuth (the kingdom). It is seen as a vehicle allowing movement from one thing or condition to another (the power of connection). Yesod, Kabbalah, and the Tree of Life are Jewish concepts adopted by various philosophical systems including Christianity, New Age Eastern-based mysticism, and Western esoteric practices.
Arches–Saint-Dié railway
The railway from Arches to Saint-Dié is a French 49 km long railway that runs between the communes of Arches and Saint-Dié-des-Vosges. The entirety of the line is located in the department of Vosges in the Grand Est region.

Since 22 December 2018, traffic on the line has been suspended and replaced by bus service. In 2019, it was announced that the railway would undergo renovations with re-opening scheduled for 2022.

Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
Saint-Dié-des-Vosges (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ dje de voʒ] ⓘ; German: Sankt Didel, before 1999: Saint-Dié) is a commune in the Vosges department, Grand Est, northeastern France.

It is a sub-prefecture of the department.
Tim Freeman
Tim J. Freeman (born January 1965) is a small business owner and Republican politician from the U.S. state of Oregon. In 2008, he was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives representing District 2, which encompasses portions of Douglas, Jackson, and Josephine counties, including the cities of Canyonville, Glendale, Myrtle Creek, Riddle, and Roseburg.

Roseburg, Oregon
Roseburg is the most populous city in and the county seat of Douglas County, Oregon. It is located in the Umpqua River Valley in southern Oregon. Founded in 1851, the population was 23,683 at the 2020 census, making it the principal city of the Roseburg, Oregon Micropolitan Statistical Area. The community developed along both sides of the South Umpqua River and is traversed by Interstate 5. Traditionally a lumber industry town, Roseburg is the home of Roseburg Forest Products, which now spans across 5 different states and 2 countries.
Japan–European Union relations
Relations between the European Union (EU) and Japan date back to 1959. They have a strong trade relationship, particularly in investment flows.

On February 1, 2019, the Japan–European Union Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), the world's largest open economic area covering a third of the world's economy, entered into force.

Japan–European Union Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement
The Japan-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA, also called Japan-EU Free Trade Agreement, JEFTA) is in force since 1 February 2019 after having been negotiated from 2013 to 2017. The EPA is the EU's largest bilateral free trade agreement, covering 30 percent of the world's gross domestic product (GDP) and 40 percent of global trade. Japan's prime minister at the time, Shinzō Abe, said the deal signified the creation of "the birth of the world's largest, free, industrialised economic zone".
G&G Entertainment
G&G Entertainment (Korean: (주)지앤지엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean animation studio which creates animation for the domestic South Korean and Japanese anime markets. The main studio, which is credited as G&G Entertainment, is located in South Korea, while the Japanese subsidiary studio, which is credited as G&G Direction, assists the main studio and aids in getting outsource work from other Japanese studios. G&G Entertainment is known for its collaboration with the Japanese animation studio Gonzo, with which they have produced their most successful series to date, Kaleido Star. Increasingly, the studio is also seeking collaborations with Chinese studios, particularly for the creation of computer animation productions.

Kaleido Star
Kaleido Star (カレイドスター, Kareido Sutā) is a Japanese anime television series produced by Gonzo. The series was created by Junichi Sato, who also directed the first season, and written by Reiko Yoshida. Kaleido Star: New Wings was directed by Yoshimasa Hiraike. Three original video animations have been produced, as well as a manga series and a novel. The series follows Sora Naegino, a young Japanese girl, who travels to the United States to fulfill her dream of performing at the world-famous Kaleido Stage.
Arkovna Ridge
Arkovna Ridge (Bulgarian: Хребет Арковна, romanized: Hrebet Arkovna) is a narrow rocky ridge extending 45 km from the foothills of Madrid Dome to the southwest to Delusion Point to the east, 5.7 km wide, and rising to 1490 m (Ishirkov Crag) in northern Aristotle Mountains on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land. It surmounts Crane Glacier to the northwest and north, Spillane Fjord to the northeast, and Sexaginta Prista Bay, Mapple Glacier and the head of Melville Glacier to the south.  The feature is named after the settlement of Arkovna in Northeastern Bulgaria.

Madrid Dome
Madrid Dome (Bulgarian: купол Мадрид, ‘Kupol Madrid’ \'ku-pol ma-'drid\) is the ice dome rising to 1647 m at the southwest extremity of Aristotle Mountains on Oscar II Coast, Graham Land in Antarctica.  It is surmounting Crane Glacier to the northwest and Flask Glacier to the south.

The feature is named after the capital city of Spain, in connection with the Madrid Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty.

The dome was first named by the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria.
Live at Folsom Field, Boulder, Colorado
Live at Folsom Field, Boulder, Colorado is the fourth live album released by the Dave Matthews Band.  It was recorded in Boulder, Colorado at Folsom Field, the football stadium of the University of Colorado Boulder on July 11, 2001. It was released on the RCA Records music label on November 5, 2002 on Compact Disc, VHS, and DVD. The DVD was directed by Fenton Williams of Filament Productions. In promotional material prior to the release, the album was originally titled Open up the Curtains, a reference to the song "I Did It."

The concert went 15 minutes past the allotted 10:30 p.m. curfew time for the venue, and Dave Matthews Band were fined $1,000 for every minute they performed past the curfew, for a total of $15,000. Concerts were suspended at Folsom Field indefinitely following the show, and no concerts were performed at the stadium until two Dead & Company shows in 2016.

I Did It (Dave Matthews Band song)
"I Did It" is a song by the Dave Matthews Band, released as the lead single from their album Everyday. It reached #71 on the Billboard Hot 100, #5 Modern Rock Tracks, and #40 on Adult Top 40.

In January 2001, Dave Matthews Band made history by becoming the first major artist to release a single directly to Napster, posting "I Did It" on the controversial file-swapping service 6 weeks before the new album was officially released.

"I Did It" was a significant departure musically for the band, introducing electric guitar and minimizing the use of the violin and horn sections.
All Time Hits
All Time Hits is an album by American country singer Ernest Tubb and His Texas Troubadours, recorded and released in 1960 (see 1960 in music). Despite the album title, it is not a compilation of Tubb's previous hits. The entire album consists of Tubb's covers of songs that had been hits for other country and honky-tonk singers.

Ernest Tubb
Ernest Dale Tubb (February 9, 1914 – September 6, 1984), nicknamed the Texas Troubadour, was an American singer and songwriter and one of the pioneers of country music. His biggest career hit song, "Walking the Floor Over You" (1941), marked the rise of the honky-tonk style of music.

In 1948, he was the first singer to record a hit version of Billy Hayes and Jay W. Johnson's "Blue Christmas", a song more commonly associated with Elvis Presley and his late-1950s version. Another well-known Tubb hit was his 1965 "Waltz Across Texas" (written by his nephew Quanah Talmadge Tubb, known professionally as Billy Talmadge), which became one of his most requested songs and is often used in dance halls throughout Texas during waltz lessons. Tubb recorded duets with the then up-and-coming Loretta Lynn in the early 1960s, including their hit "Sweet Thang". Tubb is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame.