hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Focused ion beam
Focused ion beam, also known as FIB, is a technique used particularly in the semiconductor industry, materials science and increasingly in the biological field for site-specific analysis, deposition, and ablation of materials. A FIB setup is a scientific instrument that resembles a scanning electron microscope (SEM). However, while the SEM uses a focused beam of electrons to image the sample in the chamber, a FIB setup uses a focused beam of ions instead. FIB can also be incorporated in a system with both electron and ion beam columns, allowing the same feature to be investigated using either of the beams. FIB should not be confused with using a beam of focused ions for direct write lithography (such as in proton beam writing). These are generally quite different systems where the material is modified by other mechanisms.

Sputtering
In physics, sputtering is a phenomenon in which microscopic particles of a solid material are ejected from its surface, after the material is itself bombarded by energetic particles of a plasma or gas. It occurs naturally in outer space, and can be an unwelcome source of wear in precision components. However, the fact that it can be made to act on extremely fine layers of material is utilised in science and industry—there, it is used to perform precise etching, carry out analytical techniques, and deposit thin film layers in the manufacture of optical coatings, semiconductor devices and nanotechnology products. It is a physical vapor deposition technique.
Chita Operations
The Chita Operations (Russian: Читинские Операции) were a series of military engagements fought in the Russian Civil War. On 10 April 1920, the army of the Far Eastern Republic (FER) launched the first operation, aiming at destroying the White Movement's Chita holdup in east Transbaikal which prevented it from connecting with its allies in Primorsky Krai. The first operation ended three days later, a second offensive (25 April–5 May) likewise failed to achieve its  final objectives. Fighting continued, however neither side could boast significant territorial gains. On 15 July, the FER signed the Gongota Agreement of 1920 with Japan, the latter's withdrawal from Transbaikal severely weakened the Whites. The FER army was restructured and reinforced by its new commander Genrich Eiche, while morale under Grigory Semyonov's White units plummeted. On 1 October, Eiche launched the final Chita operation, by the end of the month the area of the Chita holdup had been subjugated.

Genrich Eiche
Genrich Christoforovich Eiche (Russian: Ге́нрих Христофо́рович Э́йхе, Latvian: Indriķis Ēķis; September 29 (October 12) 1893, Riga — June 25, 1968 Jūrmala, Latvia) was a Soviet military commander and historian of Latvian ethnicity. He served in World War I as an officer in the Russian Imperial Army before siding with the Bolsheviks and in 1917 being elected Chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee of his regiment. Eiche also held leading civil posts. He was the cousin of Robert Eikhe.
Atlas Media Corp.
Atlas Media Corp. is a New York-based independent production company of non-fiction entertainment. The company was founded in 1989 by Bruce David Klein and produces television series and specials, theatrical documentaries, and digital web series for cable networks like Discovery Channel, Travel Channel, E! Network, TLC, Food Network, A&E, History, WE, GSN, DIY Network, Investigation Discovery, Style, National Geographic, BIO, SyFy, and HGTV—as well as national syndication and international distribution in over 100 markets worldwide.

For ten years in a row (2006-2015), Realscreen magazine has named Atlas to its annual "Global 100" list of the largest and most influential producers of non-fiction entertainment around the world.

HGTV
HGTV (Home & Garden Television) is an American basic cable channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. The network primarily broadcasts reality programming related to home improvement and real estate. It was formerly owned by the E. W. Scripps Company, which spun off its cable networks, including HGTV, into Scripps Networks Interactive. As of November 2023, HGTV was available to approximately 72,000,000 pay television households in the United States, down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
William A. Shands
William Augustine Shands (July 21, 1889 – January 20, 1973)  was an American politician and elected officeholder.  Shands was a long-time Democratic member of the Florida Senate and an advocate for the establishment of a state medical college and teaching hospital.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
Drinkin' Problem
"Drinkin' Problem" is the debut single of the American country music band Midland. It was released on February 27, 2017, as the first single from their debut album On the Rocks. The band members wrote the song with Josh Osborne and Shane McAnally, both of whom produced it with Dann Huff.

Dann Huff
Dann Lee Huff (born November 15, 1960) is an American record producer, studio guitarist, and songwriter. For his work as a producer in the country music genre, he has won several awards, including the Musician of the Year award in 2001, 2004, and 2016 at the Country Music Association Awards and the Producer of the Year award in 2006 and 2009 at the Academy of Country Music. He is the father of American singer and songwriter Ashlyne Huff, a member of Giant and White Heart and brother of drummer David Huff.
Maine State Route 221
State Route 221 (SR 221) is state highway located in Penobscot County in central Maine.  It begins at State Route 15 in Bangor and runs north to Bradford, where it ends at State Route 11 and State Route 155.

Penobscot County, Maine
Penobscot County is a county in the U.S. state of Maine, named for the Penobscot people in Wabanakik. As of the 2020 census, the population was 152,199, making it the third-most-populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Bangor. The county was established on February 15, 1816, from part of Hancock County when the area was still part of Massachusetts. Penobscot County is home to the University of Maine.

Penobscot County comprises the Bangor, ME Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rivière du Moulin (Bras Saint-Michel)
The rivière du Moulin crosses the municipalities of Saint-Lazare, Saint-Nérée and Saint-Gervais, in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.

The Moulin river is a tributary of the south bank of the Bras Saint-Michel, which flows north-east to empty onto the north-west bank of the rivière du Sud (Montmagny); the latter flows north-east to the south shore of the St. Lawrence River.

Saint-Gervais, Quebec
Saint-Gervais (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɛʁvɛ] ⓘ) is a village of 2,100 people in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality, part of the Chaudière-Appalaches administrative region of Quebec, Canada. It is named in honour of Gervasius, martyr with Protasius in the year 57.
32 Service Battalion
32 Service Battalion (32 Svc Bn) is a reserve combat service support (CSS) unit within the Canadian Army. The unit is formed under command of 32 Canadian Brigade Group in the 4th Canadian Division. The Service Battalion is composed of soldiers from the Corps of  Royal Canadian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers and Royal Canadian Logistics Service to include: vehicle technicians, weapons technicians, cooks, financial service administrators, human resource administrators, material management technicians and mobile support equipment operators. It is located at LCol George Taylor Denison III Armoury in Toronto, Ontario.

4th Canadian Division
The 4th Canadian Division is a formation of the Canadian Army. It is currently responsible for Canadian Army operations in the Canadian province of Ontario and is headquartered at Denison Armoury in Toronto. The division was first created as a formation of the Canadian Corps during the First World War. During the Second World War the division was reactivated as the 4th Canadian Infantry Division in 1941 and then converted to armour and redesignated as the 4th Canadian (Armoured) Division. Beginning in 1916 the division adopted a distinctive green-coloured formation patch as its insignia. In 2013 it was announced that Land Force Central Area would be redesignated 4th Canadian Division.
Beale's Cut Stagecoach Pass
Beale's Cut Stagecoach Pass (also known as the Fremont Pass, San Fernando Pass, and the Newhall Cut) is a stagecoach pass built in 1859 in what is now Santa Clarita, California. The Pass was designated a California Historical Landmark (No. 1006) on May 11, 1992. The cut provided a route in the pass between the San Gabriel Mountains and the Santa Susana Mountains ranges. It is located near the current interchange of the Interstate 5 and California State Route 14.

The steep pass was made easier to cross with a deep slot-like road cut by Charles H. Brindley, Andrés Pico, and James R. Vineyard, to whom the State of California awarded a twenty-year contract to maintain the turnpike and collect tolls. Thus,  the "San Fernando Mountain," the most daunting obstacle along the Fort Tejon Road, the main inland route from Los Angeles to the north, was cut through. Butterfield Overland Mail, a stagecoach that operated mail between St. Louis, Missouri, and San Francisco, began using it directly.

Butterfield Overland Mail
Butterfield Overland Mail (officially Overland Mail Company) was a stagecoach service in the United States operating from 1858 to 1861. It carried passengers and U.S. Mail from two eastern termini, Memphis, Tennessee, and St. Louis, Missouri, to San Francisco, California. The routes from each eastern terminus met at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and then continued through Indian Territory (Oklahoma), Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico, and California ending in San Francisco. On March 3, 1857, Congress authorized the U.S. postmaster general, at that time Aaron V. Brown, to contract for delivery of the U.S. mail from St. Louis to San Francisco. Prior to this, U.S. Mail bound for the Far West had been delivered by the San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line since June 1857.

The route was designated a national historic trail in 2023.
Shaya Adorador
Maria Shaya Adorador (born December 9, 1997) is a Filipino volleyball player for the Capital1 Solar Spikers of the Premier Volleyball League (PVL). She played for the UE Lady Warriors in the UAAP women's volleyball tournaments.

Premier Volleyball League
The Premier Volleyball League (PVL) is the top-level professional women's volleyball league in the Philippines organized by the Sports Vision Management Group, Inc. The PVL was established in 2004 as the inter-collegiate Shakey's V-League (SVL) until  it rebranded to the current entity in 2017. Prior to becoming a full-fledged professional league in 2021, the PVL was open to participation of corporate owned semi-professional clubs and non-collegiate teams backed by local governments.

The PVL previously operated men's and collegiate divisions before they were spun-off into Spikers' Turf and the V-League, respectively, both are also operated by Sports Vision.

The Creamline Cool Smashers are the most successful team with ten titles, which included the league's only Grand Slam in the 2024 season.
La Piloto season 1
The first season of the American television series La Piloto, created by Jörg Hiller, follows the story of Yolanda Cadena (Livia Brito) and all her efforts to become an airplane pilot.

The season was ordered in May 2016, and filming began on 5 September 2016. The season stars Livia Brito as Yolanda Cadena, Arap Bethke as John Lucio, María Fernanda Yepes as Zulima Montes, Alejandro Nones as Óscar Lucio, María de la Fuente as Mónica Ortega, Verónica Montes as Lizbeth Álvarez, Natasha Domínguez as Amanda Cuadrado, María Fernanda García as Estela Lesmes, Mauricio Aspe as Arley Mena, Stephanie Salas as Rosalba, Arturo Barba as Zeky Gilmas, Tommy Vásquez as Coronel Santamaría, Macarena Achaga as Olivia, and Juan Colucho as Dave Mejía.

The first season began airing on 7 March 2017, and concluded on 26 June 2017.

Verónica Montes
Verónica Montes (born 17 February 1990, in Lima) is a Peruvian international actress settled in Mexico. Known mainly for her roles as  "La Condesa", "Kika Braun" and "Lizbeth Álvarez" in the series "El señor de los cielos", "Papá a toda madre" and "La Piloto" respectively.
Bowmore
Bowmore (Scottish Gaelic: Bogh Mòr, 'Big Bend') is a small town on the Scottish island of Islay, situated on the banks of the sea loch, Loch Indaal. It serves as administrative capital of the island, and gives its name to the noted Bowmore distillery producing Bowmore single malt scotch whisky.

Bowmore distillery
55°45′25.7″N 6°17′23.44″W﻿ / ﻿55.757139°N 6.2898444°W﻿ / 55.757139; -6.2898444

Bowmore distillery (/boʊˈmɔːr/ boh-MOR, Scottish Gaelic: Taigh-staile Bogh Mòr) is a Islay single malt Scotch whisky distillery located on the Isle of Islay, an island of the Inner Hebrides.

The distillery, which lies on the South Eastern shore of Loch Indaal, is one of the oldest in Scotland. It is said to have been established in 1779 and is the oldest running distillery on Islay. The distillery is owned by Morrison Bowmore Distillers Ltd, a holding company owned by Suntory Global Spirits, a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan.
SEAL Team season 7
The seventh and final season of the American military drama television series SEAL Team premiered on Paramount+ on August 11, 2024. The series follows Bravo Team, an elite unit of United States Navy SEALs. The cast features David Boreanaz, Neil Brown Jr., A. J. Buckley, Toni Trucks, Raffi Barsoumian, Beau Knapp, and Dylan Walsh.

The season was affected by both the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike and 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike.

David Boreanaz
David Paul Boreanaz (/bɔːriˈɑːnəs/; born May 16, 1969) is an American actor, television producer, and director known for playing the roles of vampire-turned-private investigator Angel on The WB/UPN supernatural drama television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003) and its spin-off Angel (1999–2004); FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth, a homicide investigator, on the Fox television crime procedural comedy-drama series Bones (2005–2017); and United States Navy SEAL  Master Chief Petty Officer Jason Hayes in CBS/Paramount+ military drama series SEAL Team (2017–2024). He is set to star in a reboot of The Rockford Files in 2026, which he will also serve as a producer.
Greek National Road 3
Greek National Road 3 (Greek: Εθνική Οδός 3, abbreviated as EO3) is a single carriageway road in Greece. It connects Elefsina near Athens with the border of North Macedonia at Niki. It passes through Larissa and Florina. At Niki, it connects with the M5K motorway to Bitola. The section Kozani - Niki is also designated as the A27 motorway, part of which is operational as a 2-lane motorway.

Greek National Road 3 is one of the longest national roads in Greece and until the 1960s it served as the main route from Larissa to Thessaloniki. The A1 motorway now offers a faster connection to Thessaloniki. Most of the EO3, except the southernmost section between Eleusis and Bralos, is part of the E65.

A1 motorway (Greece)
The A1 motorway, is the 2nd longest motorway in Greece with a length of 557 km. It is the principal north–south road connection in Greece, connecting the country's capital Athens with the regions of Thessaly and Macedonia, as well as the country's second largest city, Thessaloniki. It starts from Neo Faliro in Attica and continues north to reach the Evzonoi border station, on the Greek border with North Macedonia.

Today, the construction, operation and maintenance of the A1 motorway have been largely outsourced to private companies: Aftokinitodromos Aigaiou SA. (Kleidi, Imathia - Raches, Fthiotida), Kentriki Odos SA (Raches, Fthiotida - Skarfia, Fthiotida) and Nea Odos SA (Skarfia, Fthiotida - Metamorfosi, Attica). The section of Kleidi, Imathia-Evzoni since 2014 operates and is maintained by Egnatia Odos SA.
Paid (2006 film)
Paid is a 2006 English-language feature film directed by Laurence Lamers. It was filmed in Netherlands between 2004 and 2005 with Anne Charrier, Murilo Benício, Tom Conti, Guy Marchand, Corbin Bernsen, Marie-France Pisier, Beppe Clerici and Tygo Gernandt.

Marie-France Pisier
Marie-France Pisier (10 May 1944 – 24 April 2011) was a French actress, screenwriter, and director. She appeared in numerous films of the French New Wave, and twice earned the national César Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Lê Ngọc Bình
Lê Ngọc Bình (黎玉玶, 1785   – 1810) was a Vietnamese princess, youngest daughter of Emperor Lê Hiển Tông of Lê dynasty. Her early life was unknown, when the Tây Sơn dynasty succeeded Lê dynasty as the official ruling dynasty of Vietnam; Emperor Quang Trung ordered his Crown Prince Nguyễn Quang Toản (later Emperor Cảnh Thịnh) to marry her.

In 1801, Nguyễn Ánh's force, main rival of Tây Sơn, captured Phú Xuân and forced Cảnh Thịnh flee to Đông Kinh (Tonkin) and left Lê Ngọc Bình and his wives behind. Nguyễn Ánh captured but did not threaten Bình; then Ánh married her regardless of dissuasions of his followers.

Later, Nguyễn Ánh became Emperor Gia Long and gave her the royal title Đệ Tam Cung (roughly Third Wife or Third Concubine). Bình had with emperor Gia Long four children: prince Nguyen Phuc Quan, prince Nguyen Phuc Cu, princess An Nghia Ngoc Ngon, and princess My Khue Ngoc Khue. Le Thi Ngoc Binh died in 1810 and was buried in Trúc Lâm, Thừa Thiên Huế.

Nguyễn Quang Toản
Emperor Cảnh Thịnh (chữ Hán: 景盛), born Nguyễn Quang Toản (chữ Hán: 阮光纘; 1783–1802), was the third and last emperor of the Tây Sơn dynasty. He followed his father Quang Trung (Nguyễn Huệ ruled 1788–1792) at the age of 9, and reigned for 10 years.

Cảnh Thịnh was defeated by the Nguyễn dynasty in 1802. He was taken, along with a number of his royalties, officials, and generals, to Phú Xuân. There, he was executed by Gia Long, first emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty.
Beat 'Em & Eat 'Em
Beat 'Em and Eat 'Em is a pornographic video game for the Atari 2600 made by American Multiple Industries in 1982. Players control two nude women; the goal is to catch semen in their mouths, which is falling from a masturbating man on a rooftop, without missing. Its gameplay has been compared to the Atari game Kaboom!. There is also a gender-reversed version of the game titled Philly Flasher that features identical gameplay. Beat 'Em & Eat 'Em has received negative reviews since its release and is an oft-cited example of pornographic Atari 2600 games.

Semen
Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is a bodily fluid that contains spermatozoa from the male gonads of animals. In humans and placental mammals, seminal fluid is ejaculated through the penis via the urethra. This fluid contains proteolytic and other enzymes as well as fructose, which together promote the survival of spermatozoa and provide a medium through which they can move (or "swim") from the vagina into the uterus and to the fallopian tubes, where they can fertilize the female ovum and form a zygote (diploid cell).

Semen is collected from animals for artificial insemination or cryoconservation of genetic material. Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is a practice that calls for the collection of semen in efforts for conservation of a particular breed.
Kunzea phylicoides
Kunzea phylicoides, commonly known as the slender burgan, is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to south-eastern mainland Australia. It is an erect shrub with drooping branches, fibrous or corky bark, bright green, narrow leaves and clusters of white flowers in spring.

Kunzea ericoides
Kunzea ericoides, commonly known as kānuka or white tea-tree, is a tree or shrub in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to New Zealand. It has white or pink flowers similar to those of Leptospermum and from its first formal description in 1832 until 1983 was known as Leptospermum ericoides. The flowers have five petals and up to 25 stamens which are mostly longer than the petals.
Vincent Sheehan (producer)
Vincent Sheehan is an Australian film producer. He was also co-creator of the 2016 sci-fi drama series The Kettering Incident (2016) and the comedy series Fisk, co-created by and starring Kitty Flanagan. Sheehan was a founding partner in Porchlight Films (1997–2020), before establishing his own production company, Origma 45.

Kitty Flanagan
Kitty Flanagan (born 1968) is an Australian comedian, writer and actress. She is known for portraying Helen Tudor-Fisk in the television comedy program Fisk, which she also co-created, co-wrote and co-directed. Flanagan also starred as Rhonda Stewart in the comedy Utopia. She spent eight years based in the UK and performing around the world (2001–2009) and has performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and Just For Laughs in Montreal, Canada. Flanagan won the AACTA Award for Best Comedy Performer in 2021 and has won the Silver Logie for four consecutive years in a row from 2022, for her work in Fisk and Utopia.
Koimala
Koimala Siri Mahaabarana Mahaa Radun (Dhivehi: ކޮއިމަލާ ސިރީ މަހާބަރަނަ މަހާ ރަދުން) or Koimala (Dhivehi: ކޮއިމަލާ, lit. 'flower lad') or Koimala Kalo (Dhivehi: ކޮއިމަލާ ކަލޯ, lit. 'Lord Koimala') is the last pre-Islamic and the earliest verifiable ruler of the Maldives. He reigned from A.D. 1117 to A.D. 1141.

According to the Isdhoo Loamaafaanu, he unified the Maldives from Minicoy (now a part of India) to Addu in the south under his rule. Local folklores claim that he was the second Muslim ruler, however it is his successor, Dhovemi, who converted to Islam in 1153.

Seenu Atoll
Seenu Atoll, historically known as Addu Atoll, is the southernmost atoll of the Maldives. Addu Atoll, together with Fuvahmulah, located 40 km north of Addu Atoll, extend the Maldives into the Southern Hemisphere. Addu Atoll is located 540 km south of Malé, the country's capital. Administratively, Addu Atoll is the location of Addu City, one of the four cities of the Maldives. Addu City consists of the inhabited areas of Addu Atoll, namely the natural islands of Hulhudhoo, Meedhoo, Maradhoo, Feydhoo, and Hithadhoo. (The districts of Addu City are not according to the natural islands that it comprises). In addition to the areas that are included as a part of Addu City, Addu Atoll has a number of other inhabited and uninhabited islands, including the island of Gan, where Gan International Airport is located.