hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johnson v. Louisiana
Johnson v. Louisiana, 406 U. S. 356 (1972), was a court case in the U.S. Supreme Court involving the Due Process Clause and Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Louisiana law that allowed less-than unanimous jury verdicts (9 to 12 jurors) to convict persons charged with a felony, does not violate the Due Process clause. This case was argued on a similar basis as Apodaca v. Oregon.

Due Process Clause
A Due Process Clause is found in both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, which prohibit the deprivation of "life, liberty, or property" by the federal and state governments, respectively, without due process of law.

The U.S. Supreme Court interprets these clauses to guarantee a variety of protections: procedural due process (in civil and criminal proceedings); substantive due process (a guarantee of some fundamental rights); a prohibition against vague laws; incorporation of the Bill of Rights to state governments; and equal protection under the laws of the federal government.
The Roaming Cowboy
The Roaming Cowboy is a 1937 American Western film directed by Robert F. Hill and written by Fred Myton. The film stars Fred Scott, Al St. John, Lois January, Forrest Taylor, Roger Williams, Richard Cramer, Buddy Cox and Art Miles. The film was released on January 4, 1937, by Spectrum Pictures.

This was the first film to feature Al St. John as "Fuzzy" Jones, a cowboy comedy relief character who went on to appear in dozens of films, including the Producers Releasing Corporation's "Billy the Kid" series from 1940 to 1946, and their "Lone Rider" series from 1941 to 1943.

Forrest Taylor
Edwin Forrest Taylor (December 29, 1883 – February 19, 1965) was an American character actor whose artistic career spanned six different decades, from silents through talkies to the advent of color films.
Miss Chinese International Pageant 1997
Miss Chinese International Pageant 1997 was held on January 26, 1997 in Hong Kong. The pageant was organized and broadcast by TVB in Hong Kong. Miss Chinese International 1996 Siew-Kee Cheng crowned Monica Lo of Toronto, Ontario, Canada as the winner.

Miss Chinese International Pageant 1996
Miss Chinese International Pageant 1996 was held on January 27, 1996, in Hong Kong. The pageant was organized and broadcast by TVB in Hong Kong. Miss Chinese International 1995 Hsiang-Lin Ku crowned Siew-Kee Cheng of Singapore as the winner.
Buryatia constituency
The Buryatia Constituency (No.9) is a Russian legislative constituency in the Republic of Buryatia. The constituency encompasses the entire territory of Buryatia.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Vyacheslav Damdintsurunov, former Minister of Sports and Youth Policy of Buryatia, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Aldar Damdinov.

Buryatia
Buryatia, officially the Republic of Buryatia, is a republic of Russia located in the Russian Far East. Formerly part of the Siberian Federal District, it has been administered as part of the Far Eastern Federal District since 2018. To its north lie Irkutsk Oblast and Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world; Zabaykalsky Krai to the east; Tuva to the west and Mongolia to the south. Its capital is the city of Ulan-Ude. It has an area of 351,300 square kilometers (135,600 sq mi) with a population of 978,588 (2021 Census). It is home to the indigenous Buryats.
David Gratzer
David George Gratzer (born September 5, 1974) is a physician, columnist, author, Congressional expert witness; he was a senior fellow at both the Manhattan Institute and the Montreal Economic Institute. Though he has written essays on topics as diverse as obesity and political campaigns, he is best known for his first book, published by ECW Press, when he was just 24: Code Blue: Reviving Canada's Health Care System. That book won the Donner Prize established by the  Donner Canadian Foundation and was a national bestseller in his native Canada. Gratzer is a critic of the Canadian health care system, and of U.S. President Barack Obama's health care reform proposals. Gratzer was health care policy advisor to Rudy Giuliani's 2008 presidential campaign.

William Donner
William Henry Donner (May 21, 1864 in Columbus, Indiana –1953) was an American businessman and philanthropist, who built a fortune in tin plate and steel. Born in Columbus, Indiana, he graduated from Hanover College in 1887. His academic philanthropy led to the creation of the five chairs and the title of Donner Professor.
Voyage to the Blue Planet
Voyage to the Blue Planet was a 2024 concert tour by the American rock band Weezer. The band first teased a 30th anniversary tour for their self-titled debut studio album (commonly known as the Blue Album) in December 2023, and officially announced it in March 2024. It took place in North America and consisted of 24 shows, with 22 in the United States and two in Canada. It was produced by Live Nation and was sponsored by Citigroup.

The show featured The Flaming Lips and Dinosaur Jr. as opening acts, and had an outer space aesthetic. Its plot concerned the band traveling to the dying Blue Planet, which they saved by playing the entire discography of the Blue Album. Songs from other albums, including Pinkerton, the Green Album, and the Red Album, were also played during the tour. The tour received generally positive reviews from critics who praised the show's camp aesthetic and performance from the band. A concert film showcasing the band's performance in Boston was also released.

Opening act
An opening act, also known as a warm-up act, support act, supporting act or opener, is an entertainment act (musical, comedic, or otherwise), that performs at a concert before the featured act, or "headliner". Rarely, an opening act may perform again at the end of the event, or perform with the featured act after both have had a set to themselves.

The opening act's performance serves to "warm up" the audience, making it appropriately excited and enthusiastic for the headliner.
Monte Due Mani
Monte Due Mani is a mountain of Lombardy, Italy, with an elevation of 1,666 metres (5,466 ft).

It is located in the Bergamasque Prealps, between the Valsassina, Lake Como and the Grigna and Resegone massifs, in the province of Lecco.

The peak can be reached on foot from Culmine di San Pietro (a mountain pass in the territory of Cassina Valsassina), Ballabio or Moggio.

Grigna
The Grigna is a mountain massif in the province of Lecco,  Lombardy, northern Italy, with an elevation of 2,410 metres (7,907 ft). It is part of the Orobie Pre-Alps, and it has two peaks, Grignone or Grigna settentrionale(2,410m), the higher Northern, and the lower, Southern Grignetta or Grigna meridionale (2,184 m).
Jonah Blechman
Jonah Ethan Blechman (born February 8, 1975) is an American actor. He has appeared in This Boy's Life with Leonardo DiCaprio and stars in Another Gay Movie alongside Jonathan Chase and Michael Carbonaro and the sequel Another Gay Sequel: Gays Gone Wild!.

Following the release of Another Gay Movie, Blechman came out as gay.

This Boy's Life
This Boy's Life (titled onscreen as This Boy's Life: A True Story) is a 1993 American biographical coming-of-age drama film directed by Michael Caton-Jones. It is based on the eponymous memoir by author Tobias Wolff. The film stars Robert De Niro, Ellen Barkin and Leonardo DiCaprio (in his first feature-film lead role). The cast also features Chris Cooper, Carla Gugino and Eliza Dushku, as well as Tobey Maguire in his first credited appearance in a feature film.

It is the first on-screen collaboration of Maguire and DiCaprio, both of whom would work on Don's Plum (2001) and The Great Gatsby (2013). It is also the first on-screen collaboration of DiCaprio and De Niro, both of whom would work together in Marvin's Room (1996), the short film The Audition (2015) and Killers of the Flower Moon (2023).
Belmar Gunderson
Belmar Gunderson (September 7, 1934 – May 15, 2023) was an American tennis player.

Gunderson, the daughter of an Army colonel, was born in Fort Sill, Oklahoma, and she lived in various other military bases during her childhood, including in post-war Germany where she began playing tennis aged 13.

A diminutive player, Gunderson served as captain of the U.S. junior Wightman Cup side. She celebrated her 21st birthday by beating the second-seeded Louise Brough at the 1955 U.S. National Championships to reach the quarterfinals. As a doubles player, she was ranked as high as two in the U.S., winning titles at the Canadian Championships and U.S. Indoor Championships.

Gunderson retired as a player in 1965 and completed a doctorate at Texas Woman's University. From 1974 to 1976, she served as the first women's athletics director for the University of Minnesota.

Gunderson died on May 15, 2023, at the age of 88.

Louise Brough
Althea Louise Brough Clapp (née Brough; March 11, 1923 – February 3, 2014) was an American tennis player. In her career between 1939 and 1959, she won six Grand Slam titles in singles as well as numerous doubles and mixed-doubles titles. At the end of the 1955 tennis season, Lance Tingay of the London Daily Telegraph ranked her world No. 1 for the year.
Cold Prey 2
Cold Prey 2 (Norwegian: Fritt Vilt II) is a 2008 Norwegian slasher film directed by Mats Stenberg. It is the sequel to the 2006 film Cold Prey (Fritt Vilt), and was written by Roar Uthaug and again stars Ingrid Bolsø Berdal in the leading role. The film picks up where the first left off, where the female protagonist is picked up in the wilderness and brought to a hospital, but soon her nightmare starts all over again. Reviewers, though not overwhelmed, declared it a good sequel to the original. Premiering in Norway on 10 October 2008, its opening weekend was the best for any Norwegian movie in history.

A pre-sequel Cold Prey 3 is released on 15 October 2010. Cold Prey 3 is set to be a prequel to the first two films. It was completely shot in Jotunheimen, Norway.

Jotunheimen
Jotunheimen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈjôːtʉnˌhæɪmn̩]; "the home of the Jötunn") is a mountainous area of roughly 3,500 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi) in southern Norway and is part of the long range known as the Scandinavian Mountains. The 29 highest mountains in Norway are all located in the Jotunheimen mountains, including the 2,469-metre (8,100 ft) tall mountain Galdhøpiggen (the highest point in Norway and Northern Europe). The Jotunheimen mountains straddle the border between Innlandet and Vestland counties (historically part of the old Oppland and Sogn og Fjordane counties).
You Got It (The Right Stuff)
"You Got It (The Right Stuff)" is a song by American boy band New Kids on the Block, released in November 1988 by Columbia Records as the second single from the band's second album, Hangin' Tough (1988). The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg. The song peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100. Outside of the United States, "You Got It (The Right Stuff)" topped the charts in Australia and the United Kingdom. On the album, it was simply listed as "The Right Stuff"; the change to the single was probably to avoid confusion with Vanessa Williams' debut hit "The Right Stuff", which charted earlier that year. A Spanish version of the song was made ("Autentica") and peaked at number 11 in Spain. "You Got It (The Right Stuff)" ranked as number 92 on VH1's "100 Greatest Songs of the '80s".

Jordan Knight
Jordan Nathaniel Marcel Knight (born May 17, 1970) is an American pop singer and songwriter. He is the lead vocalist of the boy band New Kids on the Block (NKOTB), which rose to fame in the 1980s and 1990s, using a falsetto style of singing influenced by The Stylistics. After New Kids on the Block split in 1994, he launched a solo career.

Knight's first solo album, released in 1999, and his latest solo album, released in 2011, reached the Top 50 on the U.S. Billboard 200. As of 2011, he released four Top 40 singles, the best known being "Give It to You" in 1999. Knight has released three solo albums, one remix album, and one EP. On May 31, 2011, Knight released the studio album, Unfinished. Knight has sold over 1.5 million records worldwide as a solo artist.
Thodari
Thodari (transl. Train) is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language action romance film written, directed and co-produced by Prabhu Solomon. It stars Dhanush and Keerthy Suresh, with D. Imman composing the film's music. Set on an express train, Thodari follows a pantry worker who tries to save the passengers and his girlfriend from hijackers and a politician's bodyguard amid a runaway train incident.

Thodari was released theatrically on 22 September 2016. An action mobile video game, Thodari Official Game, based on the film was released by Mobi2Fun as a tie-in with the film.

D. Imman
Immanuel Vasanth Dinakaran (born 24 January 1983), better known as D. Imman, is an Indian music composer and singer, who predominantly works in Tamil cinema. His first film as music director was Thamizhan in 2002. Since then he has composed music for more than 100 films. He is the fifth Tamil music composer to win the National Film Award for Best Music Direction. He has also won the Filmfare Awards South and he has received 4 Filmfare Awards South nominations. He has also won 1 Tamil Nadu State Film Award, 2 Vijay Awards, 1 Edison Award, 1 Ananda Vikadan Cinema Award and 1 Zee Tamil Award. D. Imman is appointed as the Ambassador for Tamil Chair in University Of Toronto, Canada (2019).
Radio Barrigada
Radio Barrigada, formally Communications Site Barrigada and previously Communications Annex Barrigada, refers to two adjacent U.S. military transmitter facilities located in the villages of Barrigada and Mangilao on the western Pacific territory of Guam. The larger facility is Naval Computer and Telecommunications Site (NCTS) Barrigada, operated by Naval Base Guam, located entirely within Barrigada.

To its south, the Barrigada Transmitter Site, operated by Andersen Air Force Base, lies partially within Mangilao. The installation itself is managed by Joint Region Marianas. Radio Barrigada is the counterpart to the telecommunications receiving site Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station Guam, located to the north in Finegayan, Dededo. Located near the high point of Mount Barrigada, Radio Barrigada comprises 1,800 acres (7.3 km2).

Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station Guam
Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station Guam (NCTS Guam) is a United States Navy communications facility on the U.S. territory of Guam. It is located on the Naval Base Guam North Finegayan Telecommunications Site along Guam Highway 3 in Dededo, on the northwest coast of the island.

NCTS Guam is under the United States Tenth Fleet's Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Station Pacific (NCTAMS PAC) and under the installation management authority of Joint Region Marianas. It has been variously referred to as Naval Communications Station Guam (NCS Guam), NCS or NCTS Finegayan, and North Finegayan.

NCTS Guam provides communications support in the areas of responsibility for the U.S. Third, Fifth, and Seventh Fleets.
Petar Beron (politician)
Petar Beron (Bulgarian: Петър Берон), born 14 March 1940 in Sofia, Bulgaria, is a Bulgarian academic and politician.
He was leader of the United Democratic Forces (SDS) in from August 1990 to 4 December 1990 (heading the second-largest political party at the time). He was a vice-presidential candidate in 1992 and a presidential candidate in 2001 and 2006.

2001 Bulgarian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Bulgaria on 11 November 2001, with a second round on 18 November. The result was a victory for Georgi Parvanov of the Bulgarian Socialist Party, who won 54.0% of the vote in the second round, defeating incumbent president Petar Stoyanov. Voter turnout was 41.8% in the first round and 55.1% in the second. Parvanov took office in 2002, becoming the first former communist to hold the post since 1990.
Montluçon
Montluçon (French: [mɔ̃lysɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Montleçon [munləˈsu]) is a commune in central France on the river Cher. It is the largest commune in the Allier department, although the department's prefecture is located in the smaller town of Moulins. Its inhabitants are known as Montluçonnais. The town is in the traditional province of Bourbonnais and was part of the mediaeval duchy of Bourbon.

Moulins, Allier
Moulins (French pronunciation: [mulɛ̃] ⓘ, Molins in Bourbonnais oïl dialect) is a commune in central France, capital of the Allier department. It is located on the river Allier.

Among its many tourist attractions are the Maison Mantin, the Anne de Beaujeu Museum, and The National Center of Costume and Scenography.
Brahmachari (1968 Telugu film)
Brahmachari (transl. Bachelor) is a 1968 Indian Telugu-language comedy drama film, produced by A. V. Subba Rao under the Prasad Art Productions banner and directed by T. Rama Rao. The film stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Jayalalithaa, with music composed by T. Chalapathi Rao. It was released on 1 February 1968. The film was remade in Hindi as Ek Nari Ek Brahmachari (1971). It was loosely based on the 1967 Tamil movie Penne Nee Vaazhga.

T. Chalapathi Rao
Tatineni Chalapathi Rao (22 December 1920 – 22 February 1994) was an Indian music composer who worked in Telugu cinema. His career spanned more than three decades from early 1950s, till 1980s. He was the cousin of T. Prakash Rao.
Official Vietnam Chart
The Official Vietnam Chart is a record chart launched in 2025 by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). Based on data from BMAT, the chart reflects the 20 most-streamed songs in Vietnam. It is a part of the Official Southeast Asia Charts, a collection of record charts by the IFPI in six Southeast Asian (SEA) countries.

International Federation of the Phonographic Industry
The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland. It operates a secretariat based in London, with regional offices in Brussels, Hong Kong, Miami, Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Nairobi.
The Woman Between (1931 American film)
The Woman Between is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film directed by Victor Schertzinger and written by Howard Estabrook. The film stars Lili Damita, Lester Vail, O.P. Heggie, Miriam Seegar and Anita Louise. It was released on August 8, 1931 by RKO Pictures.

Anita Louise
Anita Louise (born Anita Louise Fremault; January 9, 1915 – April 25, 1970) was an American film and television actress best known for her performances in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935), The Story of Louis Pasteur (1935),  Anthony Adverse (1936),  Marie Antoinette (1938), and The Little Princess (1939). She was named as a WAMPAS Baby Star.
Pallavi (1976 film)
Pallavi (pronunciationⓘ transl. Refrain) is a 1976 Indian Kannada-language drama film directed by novelist P. Lankesh, in his directorial debut. He also stars, alongside Vimala Naidu and T. N. Seetharam. The film is based on his own 1967 novella Biruku (transl. Crack), and focuses on two lovers whose relationship ends when the man fails in life while the woman succeeds.

Pallavi won three National Film Awards: Second Best Feature Film, Best Feature Film in Kannada and Best Direction. It also won five Karnataka State Film Awards: Best Film, Best Direction (Lankesh), Best Music (Rajeev Taranath), Best Screenplay and Best Dialogues (Lankesh).

Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director
Karnataka State Film Award for Best Music Director is a film award of the Indian state of Karnataka  given during the annual Karnataka State Film Awards. The award honours music directors for their work in Kannada language films.
Amsterdam criteria
The Amsterdam criteria  are a set of diagnostic criteria used by doctors to help identify families which are likely to have Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).

The Amsterdam criteria arose as a result of a meeting of the International Collaborative Group on Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer in Amsterdam, in 1990.  Following this, some of the genetic mechanisms underlying Lynch syndrome were elucidated during the 1990s and the significance of tumours outside the colon, such as those of the endometrium, small intestine and ureter, became clearer.  These  changes in the knowledge of the syndrome lead to a revision of the Amsterdam criteria and were published in Gastroenterology journal in 1999.

Endometrium
The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.  It has a basal layer and a functional layer: the basal layer contains stem cells which regenerate the functional layer. The functional layer thickens and then is shed during menstruation in humans and some other mammals, including other apes, Old World monkeys, some species of bat, the elephant shrew and the Cairo spiny mouse. In most other mammals, the endometrium is reabsorbed in the estrous cycle. During pregnancy, the glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number. Vascular spaces fuse and become interconnected, forming the placenta, which supplies oxygen and nutrition to the embryo and fetus. The speculated presence of an endometrial microbiota
has been argued against.
Standards (Sonny Clark album)
Standards is a 1998 compilation album by jazz pianist Sonny Clark recorded for the Blue Note label and performed by Clark with Jymie Merritt or Paul Chambers, and Wes Landers, combining sessions previously released as The Art of The Trio and Blues in the Night.

Paul Chambers
Paul Laurence Dunbar Chambers Jr. (April 22, 1935 – January 4, 1969) was an American jazz double bassist. A fixture of rhythm sections during the 1950s and 1960s, he has become one of the most widely-known jazz bassists of the hard bop era. He was also known for his bowed solos. Chambers recorded about a dozen albums as a leader or co-leader, and more than 100 as a sideman, especially as the anchor of trumpeter Miles Davis's "first great quintet" (1955–63) and with pianist Wynton Kelly (1963–68).
Henry Gannett
Henry Gannett (August 24, 1846 – November 5, 1914) was an American geographer who is described as the "father of mapmaking in America." He was the chief geographer for the United States Geological Survey essentially from its founding until 1902.

He was a founding member and president of the National Geographic Society, a founder of the American Association of Geographers, and a co-founder and president of the Twenty Year Club or Twenty Year Topographers which was formed at the U.S.G.S. Topographic Division. He was also a founder and president of the Cosmos Club in Washington, D.C.

Gannett also was the geographer of the 10th United States Census in 1880, 11th Census in 1890,  and the 12th Census in 1900. He was the assistant director of the 1899 Census of the Philippines and Puerto Rico, the 1902 Census of the Philippines, and the 1906 Census in Cuba.

1880 United States census
The 1880 United States census, conducted by the Census Office during June 1880, was the tenth United States census.  It was the first time that women were permitted to be enumerators. The Superintendent of the Census was Francis Amasa Walker. This was the first census in which a city—New York City—recorded a population of over one million, and the first census in which the 20 most populated cities all recorded over 100,000 residents.