hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Naji Sharifi-Zindashti
Naji Sharifi-Zindashti is an Iranian resident accused of being a narcotics trafficker and engaging in "numerous acts of repression, including assassinations and kidnappings across multiple jurisdictions, to silence critics of the Iranian regime."

Prosecutors assert that Naji Sharifi Zindashti manages a criminal network focused on targeting dissidents and activists outside of Iran. In January 2024, Zindashti was charged with recruiting Canadian Damion Ryan's assistance in carrying out an assassination. Information acquired by Iran International alleges that Naji Sharifi-Zindashti and his cartel also "dominate the narcotics trade thanks to the support of the government militia."

Iran International
Iran International (Persian: ایران اینترنشنال, romanized: Irān Internašnāl) is a Persian-language satellite television channel and multilingual digital news operation based in London, United Kingdom. Established in May 2017 and reportedly linked to Saudi Arabia, it is aimed at Iranians and people interested in Iranian news, culture, politics, society and sports.

News content is available online, via radio and via satellite broadcasting worldwide including inside Iran despite official attempts at censorship. The network reports on Iran's geopolitical role, economy, human rights violations, political developments, LGBTQ+ rights and other topics sensitive to the Government of Iran.
Dapagliflozin/saxagliptin/metformin
Dapagliflozin/saxagliptin/metformin, sold under the brand name Qternmet XR among others, is a fixed-dose combination anti-diabetic medication used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It is a combination of dapagliflozin, saxagliptin, and metformin. It is taken by mouth. The drug is marketed by AstraZeneca.

The most common side effects include infections of the nose and throat, hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) when used with a sulphonylurea and effects on the gut such as nausea (feeling sick), vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal (tummy) pain and loss of appetite.

Dapagliflozin/saxagliptin/metformin was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2019, and in the European Union in November 2019. Its marketing authorisation was withdrawn in the European Union in August 2020, and its approval was withdrawn in the US in April 2021, in both cases at the request of AstraZeneca.

Diabetes management
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by chronic elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Therefore, the main goal of diabetes management is to keep blood glucose levels within normal limits (or a diabetic target range) as often as possible. If diabetes is not well controlled, health challenges may develop. People with diabetes can measure blood glucose by various methods, such as with a glucose meter or a continuous glucose monitor, which monitors over several days. Long-term glucose levels (over 3 months) can also be measured by analysis of a blood sample. In addition to lifestyle modification, some individuals with type 2 diabetes may require medication to adequately control their blood glucose levels. Other goals of diabetes management are prevention or treatment of complications that can result from the disease itself and from its treatment.
Qamaruzzaman Allahabadi
Qamaruzzaman Allahabadi (born December 1933) is an Indian Islamic scholar and Sufi spiritual guide based in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. He received spiritual authorization (ijazah) from Wasiullah Fatehpuri, is associated with the Chishti, Naqshbandi, Qadiri, and Suhrawardi Sufi orders, founded Madrasa Arabiyya Baytul Ma'arif in Allahabad, and authored several works on Islamic studies.

Qadiri Order
The Qadiriyya (Arabic: القادرية) or the Qadiri order (Arabic: الطريقة القادرية, romanized: al-Ṭarīqa al-Qādiriyya) is a Sunni Sufi order (tariqa) founded by Abdul Qadir Gilani (1077–1166, also transliterated Jilani), who was a Hanbali scholar from Gilan, Iran.

The order, with its many sub-orders, is widespread. Its members are present in India, Bangladesh, China, Turkey, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Balkans, Russia, Palestine, as well as East, West and North Africa.
Yitzhak Maron
Yitzhak Maron (Hebrew: יצחק מרון) is a plasma physicist and a professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science. He is known for pioneering spectroscopic techniques to measure and characterize plasmas under extreme conditions (e.g. high-current, high-voltage, high-fields, short-duration) which won him the 2007 IEEE Plasma Science and Applications (PSAC) Award and the 2009 John Dawson Award for Excellence in Plasma Physics Research.

Weizmann Institute of Science
The Weizmann Institute of Science (or simply Weizmann; Hebrew: מכון ויצמן למדע Machon Weizmann LeMada) was established in 1934 as a public research university in Rehovot, fourteen years before the State of Israel was founded.

The institute is now a multidisciplinary research center, employing around 3,800 scientists, postdoctoral fellows, Ph.D. and M.Sc. students, and scientific, technical, and administrative staff working at the institute.  Unlike other Israeli universities, it exclusively offers postgraduate-only degrees in the natural and exact sciences.

As of 2019, the Weizmann Institute of Science has been associated with six Nobel laureates and three Turing Award winners.
Life has become better
"Life has become better, life has become joyous" is a widespread version of a phrase uttered by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin at the First All-Union Conference of Stakhanovites on 17 November 1935. The full quote from Joseph Stalin was, when translated into English, is:

Life has improved, comrades. Life has become more joyous. And when life is joyous, work goes well. Hence the high rates of output. Hence the heroes and heroines of labour. That, primarily, is the root of the Stakhanov movement. If there had been a crisis in our country, if there had been unemployment - that scourge of the working class - if people in our country lived badly, drably, joylessly, we should have had nothing like the Stakhanov movement.

In modern Russian the phrase is used in an ironical sense.

Stakhanovite movement
The Stakhanovite movement was a mass cultural movement for workers established by the Communist Party in the 1930s Soviet Union. Its promoters encouraged the rationalization of workplace processes—i.e., increased production goals—while promoting socialist emulation.

The Stakhanovites modeled themselves after the mythic productivity of the Russian coal miner Alexei Stakhanov. As frontline workers they took pride in their aspirations to work harder and more efficiently than was required by ad hoc norms; thereby they saw themselves as contributing to the common good and strengthening the socialist state. The Party started the 'movement' in the coal industry and then applied it to other industries across the Soviet Union. Initially popular, it eventually encountered resistance as the pressures for greater productivity placed increased and unrealistic demands on workers.
Casa de Tucumán
The Historical House of Tucumán (Spanish: Casa Histórica de Tucumán, officially "Casa Histórica de la Independencia") is a historic building and museum located in San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, built during the colonial times. The Congress of Tucumán worked in this house during the Argentine War of Independence, and issued the Argentine Declaration of Independence on July 9, 1816. It was nationalized decades later, and partially demolished for its poor condition. It was declared a National Historic Monument of Argentina in 1941, and reconstructed, with simplified details, in its original layout.

Argentine War of Independence
The Argentine War of Independence (Spanish: guerra de la independencia argentina) was a set of military events from 1810 to 1825 which resulted in the consolidation of Argentina as an independent country from Spanish rule. The historiographical term encompasses battles and military feats such as the Crossing of the Andes. Formal independence was declared in 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán.
John C. Calhoun (police officer)
John C. Calhoun (December 14, 1881 – February 27, 1947) was an American police officer. He was a longtime Pittsburgh Police leader, who served as Pittsburgh Police Chief from 1922 until 1923.

Before working in law enforcement, he was a professional baseball player and manager.

Pittsburgh Police
The Pittsburgh Police, officially the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police (PBP), is the largest law enforcement agency in Western Pennsylvania and the third largest in Pennsylvania.  The modern force of salaried and professional officers was founded in 1857 but dates back to the night watchmen beginning in 1794, and the subsequent day patrols in the early 19th century, in the then borough of Pittsburgh.  By 1952 the Bureau had a strength of 1,400 sworn officers; in July 1985, 1,200; and by November 1989, 1,040.
Sauer & Sohn
J. P. Sauer und Sohn GmbH (Sauer & Sohn) is a manufacturer of firearms and machinery and is the oldest firearms manufacturer still active in Germany. The products of this company are frequently referred to as Sauer.

SIG Sauer AG
SIG Sauer AG is a Swiss manufacturer of armaments. The company is part of L&O Holding, which also owns the German-based SIG Sauer GmbH & Co. KG and the US-based Sig Sauer Inc.

The company was previously registered as SAN Swiss Arms AG and changed its name to SIG Sauer AG in December 2019. It was known as SIG Arms AG before it was acquired in 2000 by the German investors Michael Lüke and Thomas Ortmeier from parent company Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft.
Counter's Creek
Counter's Creek, ending in Chelsea Creek, the lowest part of which still exists, was a stream that flowed from Kensal Green, by North Kensington and flowed south into the River Thames on the Tideway at Sands End, Fulham. Its remaining open watercourse is the quay of Chelsea Creek.

Kensal Green
Kensal Green, also known as Kensal Rise, is an area in north-west London, and along with Kensal Town, it forms part of the northern section of North Kensington. It lies north of the canal in the London Borough of Brent, and also to the south, within Kensington and Chelsea. Kensal Green is located on the Harrow Road, about 4.4 miles (7.1 km) miles from Charing Cross.

To the west on Harrow Road lies Harlesden, while in the opposite direction are Maida Hill and Westbourne. Queens Park and Brondesbury are to the north-east, Willesden is to the north-west, and Notting Hill lies to the south.

Kensal Green is best known for the Grade I listed Kensal Green Cemetery.
46th Air Defense Missile Squadron
The 46th Air Defense Missile Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit, consolidated in September 1985 as the 46th Tactical Missile Squadron.

The squadron's first predecessor was organized in May 1942 as the 46th Troop Carrier Squadron.  After training in the United States, it deployed to the Southwest Pacific Theater, where it engaged in combat, earning two Distinguished Unit Citations and a Philippine Presidential Unit Citation for its actions.  Following V-J Day, it deployed to Japan, serving as part of the occupation forces until inactivating in 1949.

The second predecessor unit was activated in January 1959 as the 46th Air Defense Missile Squadron.  It served at McGuire Air Force Base, New Jersey as part of the air defenses of the northeastern United States with BOMARC missiles until inactivating in October 1972.

McGuire Air Force Base
McGuire AFB/McGuire, the common name of the McGuire unit of Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, is a United States Air Force base in Burlington County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, approximately 16.1 miles (25.9 km) south-southeast of Trenton. McGuire is under the jurisdiction of the Air Mobility Command. It was consolidated with two adjoining US Army and Navy facilities to become part of Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst (JB MDL) on 1 October 2009.

The McGuire Air Force Base census-designated place (CDP) is located in portions of both New Hanover Township and North Hanover Township. As of the 2020 United States census, the McGuire Air Force Base CDP had a total population of 4,522.
Ousas
Ousas, also Ousanas II (c. 500), was a king of the Kingdom of Aksum. He succeeded Nezool atop the throne.

Ousas is primarily known from the coins that were minted during his reign. Since the gold coins issued with this king's name closely resemble those of King Kaleb of Axum, Stuart Munro-Hay suggests that Ousas may be another name of Tazena, who is described both in Ethiopian tradition and on Kaleb's coins as his father.

Kaleb of Axum
Kaleb (Ge'ez: ካሌብ, Latin: Caleb), also known as Elesbaan (Ge'ez: እለ አጽብሐ, Koine Greek: Ἐλεσβαᾶς), Ella Asbeha, or Hellestheaios, was King of Aksum, which was situated in what is now Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Susana Duijm
Carmen Susana Duijm Zubillaga (August 11, 1936 – June 18, 2016) was a Venezuelan actress, tv host, model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Venezuela 1955 and competed at Miss Universe 1955, placing in the top 15. She then went to compete at Miss World 1955 and won, becoming the first Venezuelan and Hispanic/Latin American woman to win the Miss World crown.

Miss Universe 1955
Miss Universe 1955 was the fourth Miss Universe pageant, held at the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium in Long Beach, California, the United States, on 22 July 1955. This was the first time that the pageant was televised.

At the conclusion of the event, Miriam Stevenson of the United States crowned Hillevi Rombin of the Sweden as Miss Universe 1955. It was the first victory of Sweden in the history of the pageant.

Contestants from thirty-three countries and territories competed in this edition. The pageant was hosted by Bob Russell.
Ernst Homburg
Ernst Homburg  (born 2 August 1952 in Venlo) is a Dutch emeritus professor of History of Science and Technology at Maastricht University. He published on the History of Chemistry and Technology in the 19th and 20th century in the Netherlands and Europe.

Maastricht University
Maastricht University (abbreviated as UM; Dutch: Universiteit Maastricht) is a public research university in Maastricht, Netherlands. Founded in 1976, it is the second youngest of the fourteen Dutch universities.

In 2023, 22,976 students studied at Maastricht University, 59% of whom were students from outside of the Netherlands, with over 4,000 employees. About half of the bachelor's programmes are fully offered in English, while the other half is taught wholly or partly in Dutch. Most of the master's and doctoral programmes are in English. Besides traditional programmes, Maastricht University also has three honours liberal arts colleges: University College Maastricht and the Maastricht Science Programme in the same liberal arts tradition. The satellite University College Venlo opened in 2015.
Lerista kendricki
Lerista kendricki, also known commonly as the dark broad-blazed slider and the Shark Bay broad-striped slider,  is a species of skink, a lizard in the subfamily Sphenomorphinae of the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the Australian state of Western Australia.

Skink
Skinks are lizards that constitute the family Scincidae, which is part of the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Skinks are characterized by their smaller legs in comparison to typical lizards and are found in different habitats except arctic and subarctic regions.
Headley Court
Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Headley Court (abbreviated to DMRC Headley Court, and more commonly known as Headley Court), formerly RAF Headley Court, was an 85-acre (34 ha) United Kingdom Ministry of Defence facility in Headley, near Epsom, Surrey, England. The site was sold by the MoD in 2018, upon purchase of Stanford Hall, and its conversion to the Defence and National Rehabilitation Centre.

It was used as a rehabilitation centre for injured members of the British Armed Forces between 1985 and 2018.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as  physiatry, and outside the United States as physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM), is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to people with physical impairments or disabilities. Officially established in the United States in the mid-1900s, PM&R has played a major role in patient recovery following several major epidemics and both world wars. Common medical conditions treated by PM&R physicians include spinal cord injury, brain injury, musculoskeletal injury, stroke, pain, and spasticity from muscle, ligament, or nerve damage. PM&R physicians lead rehabilitation teams in inpatient and outpatient settings and are trained in medication management, electrodiagnosis, and targeted injections.  A physician having completed training in this field may be referred to as a physiatrist.
Tony Docherty
Tony Docherty (born 24 January 1971) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player.

Docherty played as a midfielder for Dunfermline Athletic, Cambridge United, Stirling Albion, East Stirlingshire and Albion Rovers.

He was then the long-term assistant manager to Derek McInnes at St Johnstone, Bristol City, Aberdeen and Kilmarnock.

In 2023, Docherty became a manager in his own right at Dundee retaining the Dens Park club’s status in the Scottish Premiership for two seasons. Four months after departing Dundee, he managed Ross County from September to December 2025.

Stirling Albion F.C.
Stirling Albion Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the city of Stirling. The club was founded in 1945 following the demise of King's Park after World War II. The club currently competes in Scottish League Two as a member of the Scottish Professional Football League. Its highest league position came in 1958–59 with a 12th-placed position in the top flight. Its only major success is in the league where it has won the second tier of Scottish football on four occasions, the last coming in 1964–65. The club has more recently competed in the third or fourth tier following league re-construction in 1975 and 1994.

Stirling's home ground is Forthbank Stadium, a 3,808 capacity stadium in the east of the city near the banks of the River Forth. Before the stadium was opened in 1993, the club was based at Annfield Stadium which had been the home of the club since it was founded in 1945.
Land of Desire
Land of Desire is a book by William Leach about the development of consumer capitalism in the United States from 1890 to 1932. It was a National Book Award Finalist for 1993.

The title of the book comes from the statement by store owner John Wanamaker that "everyone who starts a new thing has to stand where Columbus did when he set sail. Few had faith that he could ever reach the land of desire."

John Wanamaker
John Wanamaker (July 11, 1838 – December 12, 1922) was an American merchant and religious, civic and political figure, considered by some to be a proponent of advertising and a "pioneer in marketing". He served as United States Postmaster General in the Benjamin Harrison administration from 1889 to 1893.
Yemeni–Ottoman conflicts
The Yemeni–Ottoman conflicts were a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and Zaidi tribes in Upper Yemen, which began in 1538 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Daan on 9 October 1911.

Upper Yemen
Upper Yemen (Arabic: اليمن العليا) and Lower Yemen are traditional regions of the northern highlands of Yemen. Northern Highlands and Southern Highlands are terms more commonly used presently (see: geography of Yemen).

The Sumara Mountains just south of the town of Yarim denote the boundaries of the two regions. These two traditional regions also coincide with Gourchenour and Obermeyer's ecological zones. Upper Yemen is home to practitioners of the Zaidi sect of Islam and inhabitants of the region are sometimes referred to by that name.  Major urban centers include Dhamar, Hajjah, and the Yemeni capital of Sanaa.
Beretta BM 59
The BM59 is an automatic battle rifle developed in Italy in 1959. It is based on the M1 Garand rifle, chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO, modified to use a detachable magazine, and capable of selective fire. Later revisions incorporated other features common to more modern rifles.

Select fire
Select fire is the capability of a weapon to be adjusted to fire in semi-automatic, fully automatic, or burst mode. The modes are chosen by means of a fire selector switch, which varies depending on the weapon's design. Some select-fire weapons have burst fire mechanisms to limit the maximum number of shots fired automatically in this mode. The most common limits are two or three rounds per trigger pull. Fully automatic fire refers to the ability for a weapon to fire continuously until either the feeding mechanism is emptied or the trigger is released. Semi-automatic refers to the ability to fire one round per trigger pull.

The presence of select fire modes on firearms permits more efficient use of rounds to be fired for specific needs, versus having a single mode of operation, such as fully automatic, thereby conserving ammunition while maximizing on-target accuracy and effectiveness. This capability is most commonly found on military weapons of the 20th and 21st centuries.
Facundo Torres
Facundo Daniel Torres Pérez (born 13 April 2000) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or winger for Major League Soccer club Austin FC and the Uruguay national team.

Torres previously played for Peñarol where he won the 2021 Uruguayan Primera División title and for Orlando City, where he helped win the 2022 U.S. Open Cup, their first trophy since becoming a Major League Soccer franchise. In 2025, Torres joined Série A club Palmeiras where he finished as runners-up in both the league and Copa Libertadores to Flamengo, but after one season in Brazil he returned to Major League Soccer with Austin FC.

Austin FC
Austin FC is an American professional soccer club based in Austin, Texas. The club competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Western Conference. Founded in 2018, the club began play in the 2021 season. Their home stadium is Q2 Stadium in north Austin. They are the first major professional sports league team to play in the Texas capital, which prior to 2021 was the largest city in the United States without such a team.
Sordid Lives
Sordid Lives is a 2000 American black comedy film written and directed by Del Shores, in his directorial debut. It is based on his 1996 play -- inspired by Shore's own coming out experience -- about a Texas family coming together in the aftermath of the matriarch's death. Produced independently, filming took place in Los Angeles on a $500,000 budget in late 1999. It was shot digitally that was later transferred to 35mm film.

It premiered at the Palm Beach International Film Festival on February 4, 2000. It was given a limited eight-theater release in the United States on May 11, 2001, that ran until April 2003 and grossed $1.1 million. Reviews from critics were negative, but was described as later gaining cult status.

It was followed by a television series, Sordid Lives: The Series (2008), and a film, A Very Sordid Wedding (2017).

Palm Beach International Film Festival
The Palm Beach International Film Festival was a film festival in the United States held in Palm Beach, Florida which showcased over 120 films annually in April for over 20,000 attendees. It was ranked by the international movie publication MovieMaker Magazine as one of the top 10 destination film festivals in the world as well as one of the Top 25 Independent Festivals in the world. The festival has also hosted more than 150 World Premieres and thousands films from over 60 countries.

The Palm Beach International Film Festival (PBIFF) is a not for profit 501 (c) 3 defunct organization.