hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Snawsell
William Snawsell (or Snawsall, Snawshill, Snowsell, or Snawschill, 1415–1493/94) was a goldsmith and Mayor of York, who represented York in the 1470–71 Parliament. Little is known of his early life or career, except for a brush with the law during a major local feud, but he is known to have become a wealthy man. As well as holding several important civic offices, he is known to have met Richard, Duke of Gloucester both before and after the latter's accession to the throne as Richard III.

Snawsell appears to have experienced some degree of domestic strife early in the 1440s, with several members of his staff—and his wife—all being summonsed to the ecclesiastical court to answer charges of adultery, although not with him. In spite of this, he is known to have had three children with his wife. His house, which he rented from the York Minster, was re-imagined in the late 1980s and reconstructed as it is thought to have looked in 1483.

Ecclesiastical court
In organized Christianity, an ecclesiastical court, also called court Christian or court spiritual, is any of certain non-adversarial courts conducted by church-approved officials having jurisdiction mainly in spiritual or religious matters. Historically, they interpret or apply canon law. One of its primary bases was the Corpus Juris Civilis of Justinian, which is also considered the source of the civil law legal tradition.

In the United Kingdom, secular courts that took over the functions of the ecclesiastic courts, e.g. in family law, are still known as courts ecclesiastical as distinct from courts temporal.
Alphard
Alphard (/ˈælfɑːrd/) is the brightest star in the constellation of Hydra. It has the Bayer designation Alpha Hydrae, which is that is Latinized from α Hydrae, and abbreviated Alpha Hya or α Hya. It is a giant star, cooler than the Sun but larger and more luminous. It is about 177 light-years away.

Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature. They lie above the main sequence (luminosity class V in the Yerkes spectral classification) on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and correspond to luminosity classes II and III. The terms giant and dwarf were coined for stars of quite different luminosity despite similar temperature or spectral type (namely K and M) by Ejnar Hertzsprung in 1905 or 1906.

Giant stars have radii up to a few hundred times the Sun and luminosities over 10  times that of the Sun. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant, but any main-sequence star is properly called a dwarf, regardless of how large and luminous it is.
Beethoven's compositional method
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) was a German composer in the transition between the classical and romantic period. He composed in many different genres including nine symphonies, five piano concertos, and a violin concerto. Beethoven's method of composition has long been debated among scholars. His sketches of composition drafts, and his written letters, provide contrasting evidence about his process of composition. However, many scholars agree that, for him, composition was a slow and laborious process. It is clear that his deafness impacted his compositional style, as evinced in certain changes in compositional method from early to late in his career.

Sketch (music)
In music, a sketch is an informal document prepared by a composer to assist in the process of composition.

Sketches may range greatly in scope and detail, from the smallest snippets to full drafts; concerning Ludwig van Beethoven's sketchbooks, for instance, Dean writes that they "include every imaginable state between unaccompanied melodic motifs of a few notes to thoroughly worked-out full scores; even his fair copies of essentially 'finished' works show the signs of continuing composition."

Whether a composer's sketches survive past their lifetime depends on the composer's own practice and partly on posterity. Some composers habitually discarded their sketches when a composition was completed (for instance, Johannes Brahms), while others kept their sketches; sometimes in great numbers, as in the case of Beethoven. Mozart kept a great many sketches, but some were given away to friends as keepsakes following his death, and lost.
Gonzalo Montes
Gonzalo Montes Calderini (born 22 December 1994) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Montevideo City Torque on loan from Chilean Primera División club Universidad de Chile.

Montevideo City Torque
The Montevideo City Torque is an Uruguayan football club based in Montevideo. The Torque currently play in the Uruguayan Primera División, having achieved promotion to the first tier the previous season.

Founded in 2007 as Club Atlético Torque, the club has been owned since April 2017 by the City Football Group, a subsidiary of Abu Dhabi United Group. Montevideo City Torque shares ties with teams such as Manchester City, New York City and Melbourne City, as clubs that are also owned by CFG.
Len Ganley
Leonard Ganley, MBE (27 April 1943 – 28 August 2011) was a Northern Irish snooker referee who refereed four World Snooker Championship finals between 1983 and 1993. Having taken up snooker aged nine, and worked as a chimney sweep, he moved to England with his wife and children in 1971 and worked as a milkman and bus driver.

Ganley took up refereeing snooker matches in 1976, on Ray Reardon's suggestion, after he had stepped in as a replacement referee for an exhibition match involving Reardon. Ganley gained his Grade A refereeing certificate in 1979, joined the Professional Referees Association the same year, and became a full-time referee in 1983. He refereed the world championship finals in 1983, 1987, 1990 and 1993.

Ganley retired from refereeing in 1999 and moved back to Lurgan. He had diabetes, and died on 28 August 2011, aged 68. He had been appointed MBE in 2000 in recognition of his charity work and for services to snooker.

1993 World Snooker Championship
The 1993 World Snooker Championship (also referred to as the 1993 Embassy World Snooker Championship for the purposes of sponsorship) was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place between 17 April and 3 May 1993 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England.

Stephen Hendry won his third World Championship title by defeating Jimmy White 18–5 in the final with a session to spare. The tournament was sponsored by cigarette manufacturer Embassy.
Thieves Fall Out
Thieves Fall Out is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Ray Enright and starring Eddie Albert and Joan Leslie, with Jane Darwell, Alan Hale, Sr., William T. Orr, and John Litel in support. Written by Charles Grayson and Ben Markson, the B-film was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on May 3, 1941.

Eddie Albert
Edward Albert Heimberger (April 22, 1906 – May 26, 2005) was an American actor. He is known for his roles on stage and screen and received nominations for two Academy Awards, a BAFTA Award, and two Golden Globe Awards.

Albert made his acting debut with the film Brother Rat (1938). He went on to receive two Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nominations for his roles in Roman Holiday (1953) and The Heartbreak Kid (1972). His other notable films roles include Oklahoma! (1955), The Teahouse of the August Moon (1956), Captain Newman, M.D. (1963), The Longest Yard (1974), and Escape to Witch Mountain (1975).

He starred as Oliver Wendell Douglas in the television sitcom Green Acres from 1965 to 1971 and Return to Green Acres (1990). He played Frank MacBride in the crime drama series Switch from 1975 to 1978, and acted in Falcon Crest, The Carol Burnett Show and Columbo.
Phastos
Phastos is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Peter B. Gillis and Sal Buscema, the character first appeared in The Eternals (vol. 2) #1 (October 1985). He is a member of the Eternals, a human offshoot race in the Marvel Universe.

Brian Tyree Henry portrays Phastos in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Eternals (2021).

Sal Buscema
Silvio Buscema (/bjuːˈsɛmə/ bew-SEM-ə; Italian: [ˈsilvjo buʃˈʃɛːma]; January 26, 1936 – January 24, 2026) was an American comics artist, primarily for Marvel Comics, where he had a ten-year run as artist of The Incredible Hulk and an eight-year run as artist of The Spectacular Spider-Man. He was the younger brother of comics artist John Buscema.
India at the Deaflympics
India first participated at the Deaflympics in 1965. India won its first Deaflympic medal at the 1981 Summer Deaflympics in Cologne. Satish Kumar secured a silver medal in the 25 km event and a bronze medal in the 10,000 m athletics event. India later won its first gold medal at the 1989 Summer Deaflympics in badminton.

Indian athletes have won 73 medals, all at the Summer Games. India's best performance  happened at the 2025 Summer Deaflympics at Tokyo, where India won 20 medals, including nine gold and seven silver.

1989 Summer Deaflympics
The 1989 Summer Deaflympics, officially known as the 16th Summer Deaflympics, is an international multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 17 January 1989 at Queen Elizabeth II Park in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Luke Bodnar
Luke Joshua Bodnar (born 19 May 2000) is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a defender or midfielder for NPL WA club Perth RedStar.

He made his professional debut on 18 November 2020 against Shanghai Greenland Shenhua in the 2020 AFC Champions League.

National Premier Leagues Western Australia
The National Premier Leagues Western Australia (NPL WA) is a regional Australian semi-professional soccer league comprising teams from Western Australia. As a subdivision of the National Premier Leagues, the league is the highest level of the Western Australian league system (Level 2 of the overall Australian league system). The competition is administered by Football West, the governing body of the sport in the state. In 2014, the league – formerly known as the Football West State League Premier Division – was rebranded into what exists today.
David Garrick (1916 film)
David Garrick is a 1916 American silent historical film directed by Frank Lloyd and starring Dustin Farnum, Winifred Kingston and Herbert Standing. The film was based on Thomas William Robertson's 1864 play of the same name, which portrayed the life of the eighteenth century British actor David Garrick. It was one of several film versions of the play made during the silent era.

Dustin Farnum
Dustin Lancy Farnum (May 27, 1874 – July 3, 1929) was an American singer, dancer, and actor on the stage and in silent films. Although he played a wide variety of roles, he tended toward westerns and became one of the bigger stars of the genre. He has been called ""the Clark Gable of the silent screen".
Muriel Pénicaud
Muriel Pénicaud (born 31 March 1955) is a former French business executive and politician who served as Minister of Labour in the government of Prime Minister Édouard Philippe from 17 May 2017 to 6 July 2020.

In the private sector, Pénicaud was the executive vice president in charge of organization, human resources and sustainable development and an executive committee member at Dassault Systèmes from 2002 to 2008. She also was executive vice president in charge of human resources at Groupe Danone from 2008 to 2014.

After leaving government, Pénicaud served as Ambassador and Permanent Representative of France to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2020 to 2022.

Dassault Systèmes
Dassault Systèmes SE (French pronunciation: [daso sistɛm]) (abbreviated 3DS) is a French multinational software corporation which develops software for 3D product design, simulation, manufacturing and other 3D related products.

Founded in 1981, it is headquartered in Vélizy-Villacoublay, France, and has 25,000 employees across 184 global offices.
Tamilnad Socialist Labour Party
The Tamilnad Socialist Labour Party was a political party in Madras State of India, active between 1959 and 1962. The party was led by S.C.C. Anthony Pillai, a prominent labour leader and member of the Second Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). The party contested the 1962 elections unsuccessfully, and would soon thereafter merge into the Tamil National Party.

Tamil National Party
Tamil National Party was a short-lived political party formed in 1961 in Tamil Nadu, India. The party finds its roots with the split in Dravidar Kazhagam after which Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) was formed. E. V. K. Sampath, a founding member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, left the party following differences with the party leadership. The differences arose due to the DMK's stance on achieving an independent nation called Dravida Nadu. Nevertheless, within years the Tamil National Party was merged with Indian National Congress.
1995, the founder Balasubramaniam was the founder of the Coimbatore Chezhiyan as the general secretary of the party.

After the demise of Balasubramaniam in 2018, the party stepped into  soil, language and ethnic politics,  and Mr.Subramanian sworn in as the president, Mr.K.Tamilarasan as the General Secretary and Erode Kongu N. Ravichandran as the Deputy General Secretary from April 2025 onwards.
Brown College (Minnesota)
Brown College was a private for-profit college in Mendota Heights, Minnesota. It merged with another college in March 2014, to form Sanford-Brown College. These campuses were part of a larger group of schools under the same general heading.  Generally each campus was separately administered, although the two in Minnesota, under the heading of "Brown College", were under the same president (later director).  Like the rest of this system, Brown College was a for-profit school and a subsidiary of Career Education Corporation. The college offered programs in the areas of Broadcasting, Game Design, Visual Communications, Network, Business Management, Medical Assisting, and Criminal Justice.    The school ran on 5 week modules continuously throughout the year, with week breaks in July and December.

In May 2015 Career Education Corporation announced the closure of all remaining Sanford–Brown schools.

For-profit education
For-profit education (also known as the education services industry or proprietary education) refers to educational institutions operated by private, profit-seeking businesses. For-profit education is common in many parts of the world, constituting more than 70% of the higher education sector in Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and the Philippines.
Michael Rankine
Michael Lee Rankine (born 15 January 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker. He played in the Football League for Scunthorpe United, AFC Bournemouth, Aldershot Town and York City.

Rankine began his career with the Doncaster Rovers youth system, before playing for Armthorpe Welfare and Barrow in non-League football. He moved to League Two club Scunthorpe United in 2004 but after only scoring one goal for them signed for Alfreton Town. He signed for Conference National club Rushden & Diamonds in 2006, where he played for three seasons, before signing for divisional rivals York City in 2009. He played for them in the 2010 Conference Premier play-off final before signing for Aldershot Town in 2011. He spent two seasons at Aldershot and during that time had loan spells with Grimsby Town and York. After a season with Hereford United he signed for Gateshead in 2014.

Alfreton Town F.C.
Alfreton Town Football Club is a football club based in Alfreton, Derbyshire, England. The club are currently members of the National League North, the sixth tier of English football, and play at North Street.
Ted L. Strickland
Theodore Lawrence Strickland (September 17, 1932 – March 14, 2012) was an American politician who served as the 39th Lieutenant Governor of Colorado from 1973 to 1975 under Governor John D. Vanderhoof. Strickland served in both houses of the Colorado General Assembly and was President of the Colorado Senate.

In 1978 and 1986, Strickland was the unsuccessful Republican nominee for governor of Colorado. He lost in 1978 to Democratic incumbent Richard D. Lamm and in 1986 to Lamm's incoming successor, Roy R. Romer.

John D. Vanderhoof
John David Vanderhoof (May 27, 1922 – September 19, 2013) was an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, Vanderhoof served as the 37th Governor of Colorado from 1973 to 1975, assuming the office from John Arthur Love, who was appointed to the National Energy Policy Office by President Richard Nixon. Vanderhoof served out the remainder of Love's term, but failed to win a term in his own right, being defeated by Democrat Richard Lamm in the 1974 election.
USS Daring
USS Daring (AM-87) was an Adroit-class minesweeper of the United States Navy.

Laid down on 12 March 1942 by the Commercial Iron Works of Portland, Oregon, the ship was launched on 23 May 1942, and commissioned on 10 October 1942. Daring was reclassified as a PC-461-class submarine chaser, PC-1591, on 1 June 1944.

Submarine chaser
A submarine chaser or subchaser is a type of small naval vessel that is specifically intended for anti-submarine warfare. They encompass designs that are now largely obsolete, but which played an important role in the wars of the first half of the 20th century. Many of the American submarine chasers used in World War I found their way to Allied nations by way of Lend-Lease in World War II.
Love Is Everything (George Strait album)
Love Is Everything is the twenty-eighth studio album by American country music  artist George Strait. It was released on May 14, 2013 via MCA Nashville. Lead-off single "Give It All We Got Tonight" was released October 29, 2012 and became a top-10 single. Strait co-produced the album with his long-time producer Tony Brown. The album release was accompanied by a Spring 2014 concert tour, The Cowboy Rides Away Tour.

Tony Brown (music producer)
Tony Brown (born December 11, 1946) is an American record producer and pianist, known primarily for his work in country music. A former member of the Stamps Quartet and backing musician for Emmylou Harris, Brown has primarily worked as a producer since the late 1980s. He is known primarily for his production work with Reba McEntire, Vince Gill, and George Strait.

Brown was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2025.
Conservatives and Social Reformers
The Conservatives and Social Reformers Movement (Italian: Movimento Conservatori e Social Riformatori, abbr. CSR) was a national conservative political party in Italy.

The CSR was formed in October 2012 by Cristiana Muscardini, who had been a long-time MEP with National Alliance (AN) and member of the national assembly of Future and Freedom (FLI), in order to join the European Conservatives and Reformists Group in the European Parliament.

In the 2013 general election the CSR de facto endorsed Act to Stop the Decline, a libertarian party led by Oscar Giannino.

In the 2014 European Parliament election the party supported European Choice, a list sponsored by Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) Party's candidate for President of the European Commission Guy Verhofstadt.

Future and Freedom
Future and Freedom (Italian: Futuro e Libertà), whose full name was Future and Freedom for Italy (Futuro e Libertà per l'Italia, abbreviated to FLI), was a political party in Italy, comprising both liberal and national conservative elements.

FLI was formed by followers of Gianfranco Fini in July 2010 as a split from The People of Freedom (PdL), the major Italian centre-right party of the time, led by Silvio Berlusconi. Fini, former leader of the Italian Social Movement (MSI) and National Alliance (AN) and co-founder of the PdL in 2009, had taken a long journey from post-fascism to become a liberal conservative. Soon after the PdL's foundation, he started to become a critic of Berlusconi's government and leadership style.

The core of FLI was constituted by Generation Italy (GI), led by Italo Bocchino, who was also appointed vice president of the party by Fini. FLI members were mostly former MSI/AN stalwarts, with some notable exceptions.
The Trail Beyond
The Trail Beyond is a 1934 Western film directed by Robert N. Bradbury and starring John Wayne, Noah Beery Sr., and Noah Beery Jr. The motion picture was based on the novel The Wolf Hunters by James Oliver Curwood, which was also adapted as a silent film (1926) and a later sound film (1949), both called The Wolf Hunters.

Location backgrounds filmed around Mammoth Lakes, California set this film firmly apart from most of the other Poverty Row westerns shot during the decade in which Wayne found himself trapped between his screen masterpieces The Big Trail (1930) and Stagecoach (1939).

The Big Trail
The Big Trail is a 1930 American epic pre-Code Western early widescreen film shot on location across the American West starring 23-year-old John Wayne in his first leading role and directed by Raoul Walsh. It is the final completed film to feature Tyrone Power Sr. before his death in 1931, as well as his only sound role.

In 2006, the United States Library of Congress deemed this film "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry, saying "the plot of a trek along the Oregon Trail is aided immensely by the majestic sweep provided by the experimental 70mm Grandeur wide-screen process used in filming". Fox officials told Walsh that its opening scenes were the greatest filmed in Hollywood to that point.
Nordenau
Nordenau is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in the High Sauerland District in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The village has 209 inhabitants and lies in the east of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 584 m. The river Nesselbach flows through the village.  Nordenau borders on the villages of Nesselbach, Lengenbeck, Inderlenne, Westfeld and Ohlenbach.

Around 1200AD, the castle Norderna (today Rappelstein castle ruin) was built by the noblemen by Grafschaft beside the old Heidenstraße. The village used to belong to the municipality of Oberkirchen in Amt Schmallenberg until the end of 1974.

Oberkirchen (Schmallenberg)
Oberkirchen is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in the High Sauerland District in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The village has 780 inhabitants and lies in the east of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 442 m. The river Lenne flows through the village. In the village centre the Bundesstraße 236 federal road meets the Landesstraße 640. Oberkirchen borders on the villages of Winkhausen, Niedersorpe, Inderlenne, Vorwald and Almert. The village used to belong to the municipality of Oberkirchen in Amt Schmallenberg until the end of 1974.
John Mallette
John Michael Mallette (August 6, 1932 - August 21, 1995) was an American biologist, academic administrator and civic leader. He was a professor of biology at Tennessee State University and an administrator at the University of Tennessee at Nashville. He researched cholesterol, oral contraceptives and cyclamates. He is the namesake of John Mallette Drive in Nashville, Tennessee.

Cyclamate
Cyclamate is an artificial sweetener. It is 30–50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar), making it the least potent of the commercially used artificial sweeteners. It is often used with other artificial sweeteners, especially saccharin; the mixture of 10 parts cyclamate to 1 part saccharin is common and masks the off-tastes of both sweeteners. It is less expensive than most sweeteners, including sucralose, and is stable under heating. Safety concerns led to it being banned in a few countries, though the European Union considers it safe.