hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dotsero
Dotsero Crater is an elongate, 2,300 ft (700 m) long by 1,300 ft (400 m) wide, maar incised into sedimentary strata of the side of a mountain, called Blowout Hill, and local, irregular, mountainous topography. At an elevation of 7,316 ft (2,230 m), its north rim lies about 330 ft (100 m) higher than its south rim. Dotsero Crater is about 1,300 ft (400 m) deep. It is part of a maar and scoria cone complex in which the associated scoria cones are constructed along a NNE-SSW line on either side of the maar and is perched near the upper edge of steep sided canyons about 1,000 ft (300 m) above the valley floor of the Eagle River. The axis of the maar and scoria cone complex aligns with the axis of a local syncline. Associated with the maar and scoria cones is a lahar and 2 mi (3.2 km)-long lava flow. Dotsero Crater lies northeast of Dotsero, Colorado near the junction of the Colorado River and the Eagle River.

Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (pl.: strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes. Prior to the publication of the International Stratigraphic Guide, older publications have defined a stratum as being either equivalent to a single bed or composed of a number of beds; as a layer greater than 1 cm in thickness and constituting a part of a bed; or a general term that includes both bed and lamina. Related terms are substrate and substratum (pl.substrata), a stratum underlying another stratum.
Będzie lepiej
Będzie lepiej (English: It will get better) is a 1936 Polish musical comedy directed by Michał Waszyński. It features characters Szczepko and Tońko (played by Kazimierz Wajda and Henryk Vogelfänger, respectively), who were known for their work together as radio personalities and as members of the vaudeville circuit in the city of Lwów. They also appeared in Waszyński's film The Vagabonds (1939).

The Vagabonds (1939 film)
The Vagabonds (Polish: Włóczęgi) is a 1939 Polish comedy film directed by Michał Waszyński and starring Kazimierz Wajda, Henryk Vogelfänger (popular Polish Radio duet Szczepko & Tońko) and Stanisława Wysocka.
Voorhees School
The Voorhees School is a historic school building at 415 North College Avenue in Clarksville, Arkansas.  It is a single-story masonry structure, built out of native stone and covered by a gable-on-hip roof.  The main facade is characterized by bands of sash windows, with two arched building entrances.  The school was built in 1940–41 with funding from the National Youth Administration, a New Deal works and education program.  It was first used as a training school for teachers, and then as a military training facility during World War II.  In 1946 it became the main building of Arkansas's first pharmacy school, as part of the University of the Ozarks.  It has since performed a variety of functions for the university.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

University of the Ozarks
University of the Ozarks (U of O) is a private university in Clarksville, Arkansas, United States. Enrollment averages around 900 students, representing 25 countries. U of O is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).
Tani E. Barlow
Tani Barlow is an American historian. She is the George and Nancy Rupp Professor of Humanities at Rice University in Houston, Texas. Formerly, Barlow was a professor of history and women studies at the University of Washington and the University of Missouri-Columbia. She is known for her research on feminism in China.

Feminism in China
Feminism in China refers to the collection of historical movements and ideologies in time aimed at redefining the role and status of women in China. Feminism in China began in the 20th century in tandem with the 1911 Revolution. Feminism in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is closely linked with socialism and class issues. Some commentators believe that this close association is damaging to Chinese feminism and argue that the interests of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) are placed before those of women. Under Xi Jinping's general secretaryship, feminists have been subject to increased scrutiny by the country's system of mass surveillance and censorship, and detained in some instances.
Gaylord Container Corporation
Gaylord Container Corporation (AMEX: GCR) was an American integrated manufacturer of packaging materials, primarily corrugated containers. Operating from 1986 until 2002, most of the company's facilities were originally part of Crown Zellerbach's container division. Based in Deerfield, Illinois, a suburb north of Chicago, Gaylord Container completed its initial public offering in July 1988 and was listed on the American Stock Exchange. After less than 16 years as a company, it was acquired by a competitor, Temple-Inland, in early 2002, which was acquired by International Paper a decade later in 2012.

NYSE American
NYSE American, formerly known as the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), and more recently as NYSE MKT, is an American stock exchange situated in New York City. AMEX was previously a mutual organization, owned by its members. Until 1953, it was known as the New York Curb Exchange.

NYSE Euronext acquired AMEX on October 1, 2008, with AMEX integrated with the Alternext European small-cap exchange and renamed the NYSE Alternext U.S. In March 2009, NYSE Alternext U.S. was changed to NYSE Amex Equities.  On May 10, 2012, NYSE Amex Equities changed its name to NYSE MKT LLC.

Following the SEC approval of competing stock exchange IEX in 2016, NYSE MKT rebranded as NYSE American and introduced a 350-microsecond delay in trading, referred to as a "speed bump", which is also present on the IEX.
Carlos Matus
Carlos Matus (born 1970) is an American diplomat at the Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS) who served until May 2025 as the principal deputy assistant secretary of state and director of the Diplomatic Security Service (DSS). The DS is a law enforcement security arm of the State Department which leads security and law enforcement focusing on safeguard national security interests. Matus has served over thirty-seven years as a career member in the Senior Foreign Service (SFS.) From 2004 to 2017, Carlos Matus was appointed as a regional security officer (RSO) at the United States Embassy of Kabul, Afghanistan. From 2018 to 2019, Carlos Matus served as the deputy regional director for contingency operations focusing on Afghanistan before working at the Office of Protective Intelligence Investigations. From 2019 to 2020, Carlos Matus served as the deputy assist secretary for threat investigations and analysis. Matus currently serves as a liaison between the Department of Justice and DSS.

Bureau of Diplomatic Security
The Bureau of Diplomatic Security, commonly known as Diplomatic Security (DS), is the security branch of the United States Department of State. It conducts international investigations, threat analysis, cyber security, counterterrorism, and protection of people, property, and information. Its mission is to provide a safe and secure environment for officials to execute the foreign policy of the United States.
Goffredo Bettini
Goffredo Bettini (born 5 November 1952) is an Italian politician. He is a founding member of the Democratic Party (PD). As mentor and closest advisor of PD's former secretary Nicola Zingaretti, Bettini is considered one of the most influential and powerful politician within the party.

Walter Veltroni
Walter Veltroni OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [ˈvalter velˈtroːni]; born 3 July 1955) is an Italian writer, film director, journalist and politician. He served as the first leader of the Democratic Party within the Italian centre-left opposition until his resignation on 17 February 2009. He also served as mayor of Rome from June 2001 to February 2008.
Schitt's Creek season 3
The third season of Schitt's Creek, a Canadian television sitcom created by Daniel Levy and father Eugene Levy, premiered on January 10, 2017, and concluded on April 4, 2017, on CBC Television. The season aired 13 episodes and saw the return of the characters Johnny, Moira, David, and Alexis Rose. It was once again produced by Not a Real Company Productions.

The season saw the return of large majority of the main cast. However, cast member Tim Rozon only appeared as his character Mutt Schitt during one episode, making him a special guest star. In addition, Steve Lund who portrayed Jake during the second-season finale, was added amongst the regular cast. Noah Reid was added to the cast as Patrick Brewer, and Robin Duke did not return as Wendy Kurtz.

The series was renewed for a fourth season on March 10, 2017.

Tim Rozon
Timothy James Rozon (born June 4, 1976) is a Canadian actor. He is known for his roles as Tommy Quincy on the CTV teen drama Instant Star, Mutt Schitt in the CBC comedy Schitt's Creek, Doc Holliday on the supernatural/western drama series Wynonna Earp, Luke Roman in Surreal Estate, a real-estate drama with a supernatural theme and most recently as O'Shea, a sinister karate sensei and loan shark in a martial arts drama film Karate Kid: Legends.
3 Backyards
3 Backyards is a 2010 American independent drama film written and directed by Eric Mendelsohn and starring Embeth Davidtz, Edie Falco, and Elias Koteas. It premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Directing Prize, as did Mendelsohn's first feature, Judy Berlin; Mendelsohn is the only director to have won the prize twice.

The film was released theatrically by Screen Media Films on March 11, 2011.

Judy Berlin
Judy Berlin is a 1999 American independent drama film directed by Eric Mendelsohn. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. Mendelsohn won the directing prize for Judy Berlin at the 1999 Sundance Film Festival. This was Madeline Kahn's final film appearance eleven months before her death on December 3, 1999.
Le Roux v Dey
Le Roux and Others v Dey is a 2011 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa in the South African law of delict. It was the court's first decision on alleged defamation by a minor. A majority of the court upheld the award of monetary damages to a high school vice-principal who had been defamed by three of his pupils through the publication of a digitally manipulated photo.

Damages
At common law, damages are a remedy in the form of a monetary award to be paid to a claimant as compensation for loss or injury. To warrant the award, the claimant must show that a breach of duty has caused foreseeable loss. To be recognized at law, the loss must involve damage to property, or mental or physical injury; pure economic loss is rarely recognized for the award of damages.

Compensatory damages are further categorized into special damages, which are economic losses such as loss of earnings, property damage and medical expenses, and general damages, which are non-economic damages such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Rather than being compensatory, at common law damages may instead be nominal, contemptuous or exemplary.
Bealsville, Florida
Bealsville, originally named Howell's Creek, is an unincorporated community in southeastern Hillsborough County, Florida,  United States, between Plant City and Lithia near the intersection of Horton Road and Florida State Road 60.

Plant City, Florida
Plant City is an incorporated city in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States, approximately midway between Brandon and Lakeland along Interstate 4. It is part of the Tampa Bay area. The population was 39,764 at the 2020 census.

Despite many thinking it was named for flora grown at plant nurseries (especially vegetables and fruits, as well as tropical houseplants) in its subtropical Gulf Coast climate, it was named after prominent railroad developer Henry B. Plant (see Plant System).

Plant City is known as the winter strawberry capital of the world and hosts the annual Florida Strawberry Festival in the late winter (usually in February or early March), which is attended by people from all over the world.
1983 Brisbane Rugby League season
The 1983 Brisbane Rugby League premiership was the 75th season of Brisbane's professional rugby league football competition. Eight teams from across Brisbane competed for the premiership, which culminated in a grand final match between the Eastern Suburbs and Redcliffe clubs.

Brisbane Tigers
The Brisbane Tigers are a rugby league club based at Langlands Park, in the suburb of Coorparoo in Brisbane, Australia. Since 1996, they have competed in the Queensland Cup, having competed in the Brisbane Rugby League from 1934 to 1997, where they won eight premierships.

Formed as Coorparoo in 1917, the club became the Eastern Suburbs Tigers in 1933, commonly referred to as Easts Tigers or Easts. In 2020, the club re-branded as the Brisbane Tigers, keeping their traditional colours of gold and black.
Bernat de Rocafort
Bernat de Rocafort (also known as Berenguer de Rocafort; 1271–1309) was a mercenary commander and the third leader of the Catalan Company during its campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Initially a vassal of Frederick III of Sicily in Calabria, he joined the Company around 1303 and rose to prominence after the assassination of its commander, Roger de Flor. Elected leader in 1305, Rocafort consolidated control over the Company, recruited Turkish mercenaries, and directed its operations across Thrace and Macedonia. Accounts of Rocafort's final actions differ. Historian Donald Nicol records that he lost the confidence of his men and was replaced, while other sources state that he was arrested in 1309, handed to Robert I of Naples, and died in prison at Aversa.

Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ⓘ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Its boundaries have changed considerably over time; however, it came to be defined as the modern geographical region by the mid-19th century. Today the region is considered to include parts of six Balkan countries: all of North Macedonia, large parts of Greece and Bulgaria, and smaller parts of Albania, Serbia, and Kosovo. Greek Macedonia comprises about half of Macedonia's area and population.

Its oldest known settlements date back approximately to 7,000 BC. From the middle of the 4th century BC, the Kingdom of Macedon became the dominant power on the Balkan Peninsula; since then Macedonia has had a diverse history.
Uyarthiru 420
Uyarthiru 420 (transl. Respected 420) is a 2011 Tamil language action drama film written and directed by S. Premnath The film stars lyricist Snehan, Vaseegaran, and Meghana Raj in the lead roles, while Akshara Gowda, Aishwarya Rajesh, and Akshaya play supporting roles. It revolves around "an ordinary man who aspires to become rich by adopting wrong ways, like hugging women by taking advantage of them and fondling their hip folds under the pretext of seeing them as sisters". The music was composed by Mani Sharma. It was released on 12 August 2011.

Meghana Raj
Meghana Sundar Raj Sarja is an Indian actress who primarily works in Malayalam and Kannada films along with a few Telugu and Tamil films. She made her acting debut in the 2009 Telugu film Bendu Apparao R.M.P. She has won Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in Iruvudellava Bittu, a 2018 Kannada film.
Zhuangqiao railway station
Zhuangqiao railway station (simplified Chinese: 庄桥站; traditional Chinese: 莊橋站; pinyin: Zhuāngqiáo Zhàn) is a railway station on the Hangzhou–Ningbo high-speed railway located in Jiangbei District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

Hangzhou–Ningbo high-speed railway
The Hangzhou–Ningbo high-speed railway, or Hangyong high-speed railway or Hang–Yong passenger-dedicated railway (Chinese: 杭甬客运专线; pinyin: Háng–Yǒng kèyùn zhuān xiàn)  is a High-speed railway between the major cities of Hangzhou and Ningbo in Zhejiang province. It spans approximately 150 km (93 mi), with a design speed of 350 km/h (220 mph).

In the railway's short name, "Háng" stands for Hangzhou, and "Yǒng" (甬) is a traditional short name for Ningbo.

Early on, the railway was scheduled to open in June 2012; later, the end of 2012 became the target date. It was announced in October 2012  that the completion of the project had been postponed again. Test operations began at the start of 2013 and commercial operations began on 30 June 2013.
The line runs parallel to the Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway.
The Repentant (2012 film)
The Repentant (Arabic: التائب) is a 2012 Algerian drama film directed by Merzak Allouache. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. The film won the FIPRESCI Award for Best Asian Film at the 17th International Film Festival of Kerala. The film was inspired by a true story.

International Federation of Film Critics
The International Federation of Film Critics (FIPRESCI, short for Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique) is an association of national organizations of professional film critics and film journalists from around the world for "the promotion and development of film culture and for the safeguarding of professional interests." It was founded in June 1930 in Brussels, Belgium. It has members in more than 50 countries worldwide.
Ramon Galloway
Ramon Galloway (born February 10, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Changsha Yongsheng of the National Basketball League. He played college basketball for South Carolina and La Salle.

South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball
The South Carolina Gamecocks men's basketball team represents the University of South Carolina and competes in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Gamecocks won Southern Conference titles in 1927, 1933, 1934, and 1945, and then they gained national attention under hall of fame coach Frank McGuire, posting a 205–65 record from 1967 to 1976, which included the 1970 Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) championship, the 1971 ACC Tournament title, and four consecutive NCAA tournament appearances from 1971 to 1974.  The program also won the 1997 SEC championship, National Invitation Tournament (NIT) titles in 2005 and 2006, and co-champions of the 2009 SEC East division title.  Most recently, the Gamecocks won the 2017 NCAA East Regional Championship, reaching the Final Four for the first time in school history. Lamont Paris is the current head coach, and the team plays at the 18,000-seat Colonial Life Arena.
Arsiko-Makhamaz-ogly
Arsiko-Makhamaz-ogly was the Kistin naib of Imam Shamil who served as the governor of the District of Mountainous Chechnya of North Caucasian Imamate during the Caucasian War. Arsiko was also referred as the Kistin Naib (Кистинский Наиб). According to historian Yu. U. Dadayev, he was among the brave and faithful naibs of Shamil alongside Muhammad-Mirza Anzorov and a number of others.

Imam Shamil
Imam Shamil (26 June 1797 – 4 February 1871) was the third Imam of the Caucasian Imamate (1840–1859), and a Muslim sheikh of the Naqshbandi Sufi order. Nicknamed the "Caucasian Eagle", he was the political, military, and spiritual leader of North Caucasian resistance to Imperial Russia in the 1800s; his rule was recognized in Dagestan and Chechnya, and indirectly through his representative Muhammad Amin, in Circassia. He is considered a hero by peoples of the Northern Caucasus.
Mantle of Luís I
The Mantle of Luís I, also known as the Mantle of the Constitutional Kings (Portuguese: Manto de D. Luís I; Manto dos Reis Constitucionais), is the royal robe, a part of the Portuguese Crown Jewels, that was fashioned for the acclamation of King Luís I, though used by all Portuguese monarchs after him.

Portuguese crown jewels
The Portuguese crown jewels (jóias da Coroa Portuguesa), also known as the Royal Treasure (Tesouro Real), are the pieces of jewelry, regalia, and vestments that were used by the Kings and Queens of Portugal during the time of the Portuguese Monarchy. Over the nine centuries of Portuguese history, the Portuguese crown jewels have lost and gained many pieces. Most of the current set of the Portuguese crown jewels are from the reigns of King João VI and King Luís I.
Lemuel Milk
Lemuel Milk (1820–1893) was an early settler to Eastern Illinois and, at one point, the largest landholder in the state. Born in New York, Milk came to Illinois after purchasing a large tract of land in Iroquois County. Milk came to own over 25,000 acres (10,000 ha) of land in Illinois, Indiana, and North Dakota. He also found success with a general store in Chebanse, Illinois and an ice harvesting company in Kankakee, Illinois. Milk is the namesake of Milks Grove Township, Iroquois County, Illinois.

Kankakee, Illinois
Kankakee (/ˌkæŋkəˈkiː/ KANG-kə-KEE) is a city in and the county seat of Kankakee County, Illinois, United States. Located on the Kankakee River, as of 2020, the city's population was 24,052. Kankakee is a principal city of the Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley Metropolitan Statistical Area. It serves as an anchor city in the rural plains outside Chicago.
Psyllium (Bithynia)
Psyllium or Psyllion (Ancient Greek: Ψύλλιον), or Psylleium or Psylleion (Ψύλλειον), or Psillium or Psillion was a fortified emporium on a river of the same name. It was located on the Pontus Euxinus in ancient Bithynia between Artanes and Kalpe. The Tabula Peutingeriana calls it Philium.

Its site is located near Ağva in Asiatic Turkey. Another coastal town with a similar name, Psylla, was located on the coast further to the east, between Crenides and Tium.

Calpe (Bithynia)
Calpe (Ancient Greek: Κάλπη, romanized: Kalpē), also Kalpas or Calpas, was a port city of ancient Bithynia in Asia Minor, on the shore of the Black Sea. It was located not far from the mouth of the river Calpas (modern Ilaflı Dere). It was mentioned in Xenophon's Anabasis. Xenophon, who passed through the place on his retreat with the Ten Thousand, describes it as about halfway between Byzantium and Heraclea Pontica on a promontory, part which projects into the sea is an abrupt precipice. The neck which connects the promontory with the mainland is only 400 feet (120 m) wide. The port is under the rock to the west, and has a beach; and close to the sea there is a source of fresh water. The place is minutely described by Xenophon. The place is mentioned also by Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Arrian, who places it 210 stadia from the mouth of the Psilis, and Stephanus of Byzantium.

Its site is located near Kerpe (or Kirpe) in Asiatic Turkey.
Same, Timor-Leste
Same (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈsamɛ]) is a town in the Same administrative post in the interior of Timor-Leste, 81 kilometres (50 mi) south of Dili, the national capital. Same has a population of 7,413 and is the capital of Manufahi municipality, which was known as Same District in Portuguese Timor.

During the Portuguese colonial period, the district was named after Same, its capital. In the time of the Estado Novo, the place in Vila Filomeno da Câmara was renamed after the former governor of Portuguese Timor Filomeno da Câmara de Melo Cabral.

After Timor-Leste's independence from Indonesia, the town was almost completely destroyed by Indonesian militias A rebuilding project called Friends of Same is currently helping rebuild the city, along with UN envoys. During the 2006 East Timorese crisis, the Battle of Same took place in the area.

2006 crisis in Timor-Leste
The 2006 Timor-Leste crisis began as a conflict between elements of the Timor-Leste Defence Force (F-FDTL) over discrimination within the military and expanded to a coup attempt and general violence throughout the country, centred in the capital Dili. The crisis prompted a military intervention by several other countries and led to the resignation of Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri.