hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zvonko Bogdan
Zvonimir "Zvonko" Bogdan (Serbian Cyrillic: Звонимир "Звонко" Богдан; born 5 January 1942) is a Serbian Bunjevac performer of traditional folk songs of Serbia, Croatia, Hungary and Romania. He is also a composer, wine producer and harness racer.

Harness racing
Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait (a trot or a pace). They usually pull a two-wheeled cart called a sulky, spider, or chariot occupied by a driver. In Europe, and less frequently in Australia and New Zealand, races with jockeys riding directly on saddled trotters (trot monté in French) are also conducted.
Leonard Siffleet
Leonard George Siffleet (14 January 1916 – 24 October 1943) was an Australian commando of World War II. Born in Gunnedah, New South Wales, he joined the Second Australian Imperial Force in 1941, and by 1943 had reached the rank of sergeant. Posted to M Special Unit of the Services Reconnaissance Department, Siffleet was on a mission in Papua New Guinea when he and two Ambonese companions were captured by partisan tribesmen and handed over to the Japanese. All three men were interrogated, tortured and later beheaded. A photograph of Siffleet's impending execution became an enduring image of the war, and his identity was often confused with that of other servicemen who suffered a similar fate, in particular Flight Lieutenant Bill Newton.

Services Reconnaissance Department
Services Reconnaissance Department (SRD), also known as Special Operations Australia (SOA) and previously known as Inter-Allied Services Department (ISD), was an Australian military intelligence and special reconnaissance unit, during World War II.
Vanessa Grimm (athlete)
Vanessa Grimm (born 22 April 1997) is a German multi-event athlete. She competed in the heptathlon at the 2023 World Athletics Championships and the 2020 Olympic Games, and in the pentathlon at the 2025 World Athletics Indoor Championships.

2023 World Athletics Championships
The 2023 World Athletics Championships (Hungarian: 2023-as atlétikai világbajnokság), the nineteenth edition of the World Athletics Championships, were held from 19 to 27 August 2023 at the National Athletics Centre, in Budapest, Hungary. The tournament returned to its usual two-year cycle after the previous event in Eugene, Oregon, United States was postponed to 2022, held 13 months earlier due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

These are the first World Athletics Championships in Hungary. The city of Budapest had previously stated an interest in hosting the 2007 World Championships, but withdrew and it was eventually held in Osaka.
Tarzan the Mighty
Tarzan the Mighty is a 1928 American silent action film serial directed by Jack Nelson and Ray Taylor.  It was nominally based on the collection Jungle Tales of Tarzan by Edgar Rice Burroughs. The film is now considered to be lost.

Jungle Tales of Tarzan
Jungle Tales of Tarzan is a collection of twelve loosely connected short stories by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, comprising the sixth book in order of publication in his series of twenty-four books about the title character Tarzan. Chronologically the events recounted in it occur within Chapter 11 of the first Tarzan novel, Tarzan of the Apes, between Tarzan's avenging of his ape foster mother's death and his becoming leader of his ape tribe. The stories ran monthly in Blue Book magazine, September 1916 through August 1917 before book publication in 1919.
Comb sign
The comb sign is a radiological sign seen on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans, primarily used to identify inflammation in the mesentery. It refers to the appearance of engorged mesenteric vessels resembling the teeth of a comb, which is a key feature seen in several abdominal conditions, particularly those associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease. This sign was first described by Morton Mayers.

Mesentery
In human anatomy, the mesentery is an organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, consisting of a double fold of the peritoneum. It helps (among other functions) in storing fat and allowing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to supply the intestines.

The mesocolon (the part of the mesentery that attaches the colon to the abdominal wall) was formerly thought to be a fragmented structure, with all named parts—the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid mesocolons, the mesoappendix, and the mesorectum—separately terminating their insertion into the posterior abdominal wall. However, in 2012, new microscopic and electron microscopic examinations showed the mesocolon to be a single structure derived from the duodenojejunal flexure and extending to the distal mesorectal layer. Thus the mesentery is an internal organ.
Kadhal Samrajyam
Kadhal Samrajyam (transl. Empire of Love) is an unreleased Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film which was shot from 2001 onwards. The film, directed by Agathiyan and produced by Panchu Arunachalam's son, Subbu Panchu, starred an array of children of famous actors and technicians. The film was launched and completed in 2002 and is ready for release, but, despite the release of the soundtrack and the trailer, it is yet to see the lights of day. It should have been the debut film of Aravind, Charan, Anjana, Venkat Prabhu and Santhoshi, but due to the delay of the film's release they got introduced into the film industry in different ways and through other films.

Agathiyan
Agathiyan (born 18 August 1952; pronunciationⓘ) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, lyricist, and actor. He was the first director in Tamil cinema to win the National Film Award for Best Direction for Kadhal Kottai (1996). For the film, he also won National Film Award for Best Screenplay and Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil.
Kerr Yule
Kerr Yule (born 8 July 2005) is an Emerging Scotland international rugby union player. He plays for Glasgow Warriors. He previously played for Ayrshire Bulls and the FOSROC Future XV in the Super 6. He has also played for the amateur sides Glasgow High Kelvinside, West of Scotland and Glasgow Hawks.

Ayr RFC
Ayr Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club. It's the men's side play in the Scottish Premiership and the women's side play in the Scottish Womens West One. The team is based in Ayr in Scotland, and plays at Millbrae, Alloway.

Between the 2019-2020 and 2023–2024 seasons the club ran a men's professional side known as the Ayrshire Bulls which competed in the Super 6 league and Super Sprint competitions.

The Bulls were one of six franchises playing in the Super6 competition and had a 35-strong playing squad, which included loose-head prop Gordon Reid, who was in the Scotland squad at the 2019 Rugby World Cup. He had joined Ayr, his first club, from London Irish.

During that professional era, they also ran an amateur "Club XV" which competed in the Tennent's National League 1, a 2nd XV "Ayr-Millbrae", which plays in the SRU West Reserve League Division 1, and various age group teams, from age 4, up to age 18.
Heritage Iron Magazine
Heritage Iron Magazine was founded in 2008 for those interested in muscle tractors. Muscle Tractors are a classification of tractors specifically produced from the 1960s to the mid-1980s that feature turbo, duals, and front wheel assist. Muscle tractors were a turning point in American farm mechanization when horsepower was taking over from steel wheels and crank-start tractors. This generation of tractors has been growing in popularity among tractor collectors.  The magazine was founded to satiate the heritage farmer’s appetite. Heritage Iron features all brands, all makes, and all models of muscle tractors from the 1960s to mid 1980s including the equipment that the tractors used. It is published out of Greenville, Illinois, by 3-Point Ink, LLC.

Greenville, Illinois
Greenville is a city in Bond County, Illinois, United States, 51 miles (82 km) east of St. Louis. The population as of the 2020 census was 7,083, up from 7,000 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Bond County.

Greenville is part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is also considered part of the Metro East region of Illinois.

Greenville celebrated its Bicentennial in 2015 as one of the oldest communities in Illinois. It is home to Greenville University, the Richard Bock Museum, the American Farm Heritage Museum, the Armed Forces Museum and the Demoulin Museum and a federal prison, Federal Correctional Institution, Greenville (FCI Greenville). It is also home to internationally known companies, including Nevco Scoreboard, the largest privately owned scoreboard company in the world, and DeMoulin Brothers, the world's oldest and largest manufacturer of band uniforms.
Art Directors Guild Awards 2024
The 29th Art Directors Guild Excellence in Production Design Awards, honoring the best production designers in film, television and media of 2024, took place on February 15, 2025, at the InterContinental in Los Angeles, California. The nominations were announced on January 9, 2025. American actress and comedian Rachael Harris served as host for the ceremony.

American filmmaker Jason Reitman received the Cinematic Imagery Award, while German architect and production designer Carl Jules Weyl was inducted into the ADG Hall of Fame, posthumously.

Jason Reitman
Jason R. Reitman ( /ˈraɪtmən/; born October 19, 1977) is a Canadian and American filmmaker. He is best known for directing the films Thank You for Smoking (2005), Juno (2007), Up in the Air (2009), Young Adult (2011), Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021), and Saturday Night (2024). He has received one Grammy Award, one Golden Globe and four Academy Award nominations, two for Best Director. He is the son of director Ivan Reitman and is known for frequently collaborating with screenwriter Diablo Cody and director Gil Kenan.
Annular erythema of infancy
Annular erythema of infancy (AEI) consists of self-limited eruptions of erythematous, annular to polycyclic patches and plaques. It is an idiopathic figurate erythema. Over several days, a single lesion disappears without leaving behind any scale or hyperpigmentation. Mostly affecting the trunk, face, and extremities, this rash has no symptoms. The diagnosis of AEI is made through a combination of histopathologic and clinical examinations. The disease first manifests in infancy, and if treatment is not received, the periodic eruptions usually stop after the first year of life.

Erythema
Erythema (Ancient Greek: ἐρύθημα, from Greek  erythros 'red') is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not associated with pathology include nervous blushes.
Robert L. Hirsch
Robert L. Hirsch is an American physicist who has been involved in energy issues from the late 1960s. Through the 1970s he directed the U.S. fusion energy program at a variety of government positions as responsibility for the project moved from the Atomic Energy Commission to the Energy Research and Development Administration and finally to the Department of Energy. After that time he was a senior energy program adviser for Science Applications International Corporation and is a Senior Energy Advisor at MISI and a consultant in energy, technology, and management.

His primary experience is in research, development, and commercial applications. He has managed technology programs in oil and natural gas exploration and petroleum refining, synthetic fuels, fusion, fission, renewables, defense technologies, chemical analysis, and basic research, for example the Farnsworth-Hirsch fusor.

Energy Research and Development Administration
The United States Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) was a United States government organization formed from the split of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in 1975. It assumed the functions of the AEC not assumed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

The agency was created as part of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, which was passed on October 11, 1974, in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis. The act split the Atomic Energy Commission into two new agencies: the Nuclear Regulatory Commission would regulate the commercial nuclear power industry, while the ERDA would manage the energy research and development, nuclear weapons, and naval reactors programs.

The Energy Research and Development Administration was established on January 19, 1975. The first administrator was Robert Seamans, followed by Robert W. Fri.

In 1977, ERDA was merged with the Federal Energy Administration to form the United States Department of Energy.
2018 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 2018 South Dakota gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next governor of South Dakota. Incumbent Republican governor Dennis Daugaard was term-limited and could not seek a third consecutive term.

Republican candidate Kristi Noem won against Democratic candidate Billie Sutton in the closest gubernatorial election in South Dakota history. Noem also became the first female governor of the state. Her victory extended the longest active hold on a governorship by one party; the GOP had won every gubernatorial election in South Dakota starting in 1978. Conversely, Noem's vote percentage of 51% was the worst performance for any Republican gubernatorial candidate in the state since 1974, while Sutton's 47.6% was the best for any Democratic candidate since 1986.

Dennis Daugaard
Dennis Martin Daugaard (born June 11, 1953) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 32nd governor of South Dakota from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he was the first chief executive of a U.S. state to be the child of deaf parents. Before being elected governor, he was a lawyer, banker, development director for a nonprofit organization; he also served as a state senator from 1997 to 2003 and the 37th lieutenant governor of South Dakota from 2003 to 2011.
Jean Allain
Jean Allain (born in Canada, 1965) is a legal scholar, author, professor at Monash University and from 2017 to 2021 had a concurrent position at the University of Hull; since 2008 has been   extraordinary professor at the University of Pretoria, and from 2015 to 2019 special advisor to Anti-Slavery International. He is known for his pioneering work on modern slavery.

University of Hull
The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 1927 as University College Hull. The main university campus is located in Hull and is home to the Hull York Medical School, a joint initiative with the University of York. Students are served by Hull University Union.

The first chancellor of the university was Lord Middleton (1954–1969), followed by Lord Cohen (1970–1977), Lord Wilberforce (1978–1994), Lord Armstrong (1994–2006) and Virginia Bottomley (Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone) (2006–2023). Alan Johnson was installed as the current chancellor in July 2023.
Shamsher Singh Sheri
Shamsher Singh Sheri (1942 – 30 October 2005), commonly known by his nom de guerre, Karam Singh (Hindi pronunciation: [krm sɪŋɦ]), was a communist leader and a Politburo member of the CPI (Maoist) in India.

Politburo
A politburo (/ˈpɒlɪtbjʊəroʊ/ ⓘ) or political bureau is the highest organ of the central committee in communist parties. The term is also sometimes used to refer to similar organs in socialist and Islamist parties, such as the Political Bureau of Hamas. Politburos are part of the governing structure in most former and existing communist states.
Gloria Schaffer
Gloria Wilinski Schaffer (born October 3, 1930) is an American politician who served as Secretary of the State of Connecticut from 1971 to 1978. A Democrat from New London, she served in the Connecticut State Senate from 1959 to 1971. She attended The Williams School and Sarah Lawrence College and ran for the United States Senate in 1976.

Connecticut State Senate
The Connecticut State Senate is the upper house of the Connecticut General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The state senate comprises 36 members, each representing a district with around 99,280 inhabitants. Senators are elected to two-year terms without term limits. The Connecticut State Senate is one of 14 state legislative upper houses whose members serve two-year terms; four-year terms are more common.

As in other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is vested with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to the state's executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards. Unlike a majority of U.S. state legislatures, both the Connecticut House of Representatives and the State Senate vote on the composition of the Connecticut Supreme Court.

The Senate meets within the State Capitol in Hartford.
Sainte-Pauline shaft
The Sainte-Pauline shaft is a former coal mine shaft located in the Ronchamp coal basin, along the RD 619 road in the commune of Champagney, Haute-Saône, eastern France. Excavation began in 1854, and coal extraction took place from 1861 until the shaft was backfilled in 1884.

In the 1870s, a mining settlement was established near the shaft, including a phalanstery and a Catholic chapel. These structures remained inhabited into the early 21st century. Visible remnants include parts of the shaft and slag heaps. An informational panel installed in 2017 presents the history of the Sainte-Pauline and Sainte-Barbe shafts.

Haute-Saône
Haute-Saône (French: [ot soːn] ⓘ; Frainc-Comtou: Hâte-Saône; English: Upper Saône) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of northeastern France. Named after the river Saône, it had a population of 235,313 in 2019. Its prefecture is Vesoul; its sole subprefecture is Lure.
USS Gyatt
USS Gyatt (DD-712/DDG-1/DDG-712) was a Gearing-class destroyer of the United States Navy operated between 1945 and 1968. The ship was named for Edward Gyatt, a United States Marine Corps private and Marine Raider killed during the Battle of Guadalcanal. She was laid down in 1944, commissioned in 1945, and missed combat during the Second World War. In 1955, she was converted into the world's first guided missile destroyer (DDG) to evaluate the RIM-2 Terrier surface-to-air missile and the practicality of similar weapons.

Her service contributed to the development of dedicated air-defense missile escorts and of later anti-air missiles by identifying flaws in both designs. Her goal was completed in 1962, and she was converted into a floating test bed for radars and other electronic equipment. By 1969, structural issues caused by missile launches forced her to be decommissioned; she was sunk as a target in 1970.

Farragut-class destroyer (1958)
The Farragut-class destroyer was a group of 10 guided-missile destroyers built for the United States Navy (USN) during the 1950s. They were the second destroyer class to be named for Admiral David Farragut. The class is sometimes referred to as the Coontz class, since Coontz was first to be designed and built as a guided-missile ship (under project SCB 142), whereas the previous three ships were designed as all-gun units (under SCB 129) and converted later. The class was originally envisioned as a Destroyer Leader class (DL/DLG, verbally referred to as "Frigates"), but was reclassified as Guided-Missile Destroyers following the 1975 ship reclassification.
45th Signal Regiment (Italy)
The 45th Signal Regiment (Italian: 45° Reggimento Trasmissioni) is an signals regiment of the Italian Army. The unit was formed as a battalion in 1957 and operated the army's telecommunications network in the Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania and Molise regions. In 1975, the battalion was named for Monte Vulture and received its own flag. In 1993, the battalion lost its autonomy and entered the newly formed 45th Signal Regiment. In 2001, the 45th Signal Regiment was disbanded and the Signal Battalion "Vulture" transferred to the 46th Signal Regiment. The regiment's anniversary falls, as for all signal units, on 20 June 1918, the day the Austro-Hungarian Army began its retreat across the Piave river during the Second Battle of the Piave River.

Molise
Molise (UK: /mɒˈliːzeɪ/ mol-EE-zay, US: /ˈmoʊlizeɪ, moʊˈliːzeɪ/ MOH-lee-zay, moh-LEE-zay;Italian: [moˈliːze]) is an administrative region of Italy that covers 4,460.65 km2 (1,722 sq mi), thus being the second smallest region in the country after Aosta Valley; it is located in southern Italy, and has a population of 287,966 as of 2025. Its regional capital is Campobasso, which is also the capital of the Province of Campobasso, one of the two provinces that make up Molise. The other one is the Province of Isernia.

The region was born in 1963 from the division with Abruzzo, with which it formed the region of Abruzzi e Molise.

Molise's small size and relative obscurity led it to become the subject of a popular meme "Molise doesn't exist".
Boeing manufacturing and design issues
A number of significant oversights have occurred in the manufacturing of aircraft produced by Boeing. Such oversights have been reported in the news as far back as 1987. Scrutiny over Boeing's process of addressing manufacturing issues began increasing in the aftermath of two fatal crashes involving the Boeing 737 MAX–Lion Air Flight 610 in late 2018 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 in early 2019.

In August 2023, Boeing discovered improperly installed aft pressure bulkheads in certain Boeing 737 MAX aircraft. Concerns over Boeing manufacturing issues mounted in January 2024, when a door plug ejected from Alaska Airlines Flight 1282, causing uncontrolled decompression. The Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board initiated inquiries in response to the incident; the former's investigation discovered further instances of manufacturing lapses.

Uncontrolled decompression
An uncontrolled decompression is an undesired drop in the pressure of a sealed system, such as a pressurised aircraft cabin or hyperbaric chamber, that typically results from human error, structural failure, or impact, causing the pressurised vessel to vent into its surroundings or fail to pressurize at all.

Such decompression may be classed as explosive, rapid, or slow:

Explosive decompression (ED) is violent and too fast for air to escape safely from the lungs and other air-filled cavities in the body such as the sinuses and eustachian tubes, typically resulting in severe to fatal barotrauma.

Rapid decompression may be slow enough to allow cavities to vent but may still cause serious barotrauma or discomfort.

Slow or gradual decompression occurs so slowly that it may not be sensed before hypoxia sets in.
Marcela Peredo
Marcela Inés Peredo Rojas (born 26 May 1980) is a Chilean lawyer, academic and university professor. Independent with the sponsorship of Chile Vamos, she was a member of the Expert Commission that drafted the preliminary text for the 2023 Chilean constitutional process.

Since January 2024, she has served as a minister of the Constitutional Court of Chile, designated by the Chamber of Deputies of Chile.

Expert Commission
The Expert Commission (Spanish: Comisión Experta) in Chile was a 24 member body created to assist in the drafting of a new constitution by the second constituent assembly. Its primary objective was to draft a constitution for the Constitutional Council before it began its work, and the commission's text was to be used as a starting point.

Law No. 21,533, which was published on January 17, 2023, established this commission. This law amended the Chilean political constitution to incorporate the second process of drafting a new constitution. The commission consisted of 24 commissioners appointed by Congress. They began their three-month term of work on March 6, 2023.