hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tipflation
Tipflation and tip creep are terms to describe the United States' recent widespread expansion of gratuity to more industries, as opposed to being traditionally only prevalent in full-service restaurants. Tipflation's origins are likely the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2021–2023 inflation surge. Touch-screen digital payment systems run by companies like Clover and Square include gratuity prompts that are often visible to nearby members of the public and the service worker. The social pressure created from such systems is often separately mentioned as guilt-tipping, and tipflation has also been seen as causing tipping fatigue, which is the resentment that American consumers generally feel from tipping culture.

Square (financial services)
Square is a point-of-sale system for sellers with physical or online stores. Launched in 2009 by Block, Inc. (formerly Square, Inc.), it enables merchants to accept card payments and manage business operations. As of 2024, Square is the U.S. market leader in point-of-sale systems, serving 4 million sellers and processing $228bn annually.

Square is cloud-based and offers both physical devices, which read payment card information, and software. It offers financial services and includes features designed to support business operations. Square provides e-commerce and inventory capabilities, customer appointments, payroll processing, shift scheduling, and access to banking and business loans. As of 2024, Square is available in the United States, Australia, Canada, France, Japan, Republic of Ireland, Spain and the U.K.
2015 British Academy Scotland Awards
The 25th British Academy Scotland Awards were held on 15 November 2015 at the Radisson Blu Hotel in Glasgow, honouring the best Scottish film and television productions of 2015.  Presented by BAFTA Scotland, accolades are handed out for the best in feature-length film that were screened at British cinemas during 2015. The Nominees were announced on 13 October 2015. The ceremony was hosted by Edith Bowman.

2015 in film
2015 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, festivals, and a list of films released and notable deaths.

Fox Film (now 20th Century Fox), Universal City, California and Universal Studios Lot celebrated their 100th anniversaries; The Sound of Music and Dolby celebrated their 50th anniversaries.
Antonio José González Zumárraga
Antonio José González Zumárraga (March 18, 1925 – October 13, 2008) was an Ecuadorian Cardinal  of the Catholic Church.

González Zumárraga was born in Pujili, Ecuador. He was ordained priest on July 29, 1951, following studies at the San José seminary in Quito and the Pontifical University of Salamanca, Spain, where he obtained a doctorate in canon law.

He was made auxiliary bishop of Quito on May 17, 1969 (with the titular diocese of Tagarata) and was consecrated as bishop in Quito on June 15, 1969, by Cardinal Pablo Muñoz Vega, SJ, Archbishop of Quito.

He was made Bishop of Machala on June 30, 1978, and then Coadjutor Archbishop of Quito on June 28, 1980. He succeeded to full governance of the Archdiocese on June 1, 1985.

He was created as a Cardinal Priest (Cardinal Priest of Santa Maria in Via) in 2001 by Pope John Paul II.

Pablo Muñoz Vega
Pablo Muñoz Vega, SJ (23 May 1903 – 3 June 1994) was an Ecuadorian Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Quito from 1967 until his resignation in 1985. He was a member of the Jesuits and was made a cardinal in 1969.

His cause of canonization commenced on 9 April 2016 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granted their formal approval of the cause on 10 December 2015; this gives him the title Servant of God.
Funky Child
"Funky Child" is a song by American hip-hop group Lords of the Underground. It was released in 1992 via Pendulum Records as the second single from the group's debut studio album Here Come the Lords. Recording sessions took place at Marley's House of Hits in New York. Production was handled by Marley Marl and K-Def. The song peaked at number 74 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 52 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, number 2 on the Hot Rap Songs, number 34 on the Dance Music/Club Play Singles and number 20 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales charts in the United States.

Marley Marl
Marlon Lu'Ree Williams (born September 30, 1962), better known by his stage name Marley Marl, is an American DJ, record producer, rapper and record label founder, primarily operating in hip-hop music. Marlon grew up in Queensbridge housing projects located in Queens, New York. He performed in local talent shows during the early days of rap music, further fueling his interest.

He was also featured on Eric B. & Rakim's "Paid in Full" from their debut album, which was also recorded in his studio. 
He is credited with influencing a number of hip hop icons such as Biggie Smalls, RZA, DJ Premier, Madlib, and Pete Rock. Producer Madlib stated in an interview that Marley was the first producer who inspired him to make beats. Vibe magazine wrote that he, "forever changed the sound of hip-hop with his unique beat barrages."
Mikhail Samarsky
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Samarsky (Russian: Михаил Александрович Самарский, born 15 August 1996, Rostov-on-Don) is a Russian writer, blogger and public figure. He is an honorary member of the Union of Russian-speaking writers of Bulgaria and president of the charitable foundation "Living Hearts" («Живые сердца»)

Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don, or simply Rostov, is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia.
Michael I of Wallachia
Michael I (Romanian: Mihail I), (? – August 1420) was Voivode of Wallachia from 1415 to 1420. He was the only legitimate son of Mircea I of Wallachia, who made him his co-ruler. Styled as prince from 1415, Michael became sole ruler after his father died in early 1418. His support for a Hungarian campaign against the Ottoman Empire caused the Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed I, to invade Wallachia, forcing him to agree to pay tribute. After Michael failed to respect the treaty, the Ottomans gave assistance to his rival, Dan, who crossed into Wallachia in 1420. Dan and his Ottoman allies defeated the Wallachian army, and Michael was killed on the battlefield.

Mehmed I
Mehmed I (Turkish: I. Mehmed; c. 1386/87 – 26 May 1421), also known as Mehmed Çelebi (Ottoman Turkish: چلبی محمد, "the noble-born") or Kirişçi (Greek: Κυριτζής, romanized: Kyritzis, "lord's son"), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1413 to 1421. Son of Sultan Bayezid I and his concubine Devlet Hatun, he fought with his brothers over control of the Ottoman realm in the Ottoman Interregnum (1402–1413). Starting from the province of Rûm he managed to bring first Anatolia and then the European territories (Rumelia) under his control, reuniting the Ottoman state by 1413, and ruling it until his death in 1421. Called "The Restorer", he reestablished central authority in Anatolia, and he expanded the Ottoman presence in Europe through the conquest of Wallachia in 1415. Venice destroyed his fleet off Gallipoli in 1416 when the Ottomans lost a naval war.
2023–24 USM Alger season
The 2023–24 season, is USM Alger's 46th season and the club's 29th consecutive season in the top flight of Algerian football. In addition to the domestic league, USM Alger are participating in this season's editions of the Algerian Cup and the CAF Confederation Cup. As the reigning Confederation Cup champions, USMA contested the CAF Super Cup.

2023–24 Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1
The 2023–24 Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 is the 62nd season of the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 since its establishment in 1962. A total of 16 teams contest the league. It began on 15 September 2023 and concluded on 14 June 2024. The league was suspended on 18 October for three weeks in solidarity with the Palestinian people in Gaza during the Gaza war.

The highest league attendance was 80,000 during a game between MC Alger and USM Alger.
Bhavesh Bhatia
Bhavesh Chandubhai Bhatia (born 29 December 1970) commonly known as Dr. Bhavesh Bhatia, is a visually disabled entrepreneur and founder of Sunrise Candles, based in Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra, India. Sunrise Candles is a candle making company run majorly by visually disabled people. Bhavesh has been participating in paralympic category of games and has won 117 NAB, IBSA medals.

Mahabaleshwar
Mahabaleshwar (pronunciationⓘ) is a small town and a municipal council in Satara district, Maharashtra, India. It is a place of pilgrimage because the Krishna River, which considered sacred by Hindus, has its origin here along with five of its tributaries. The British colonial rulers developed the town as a hill station, and it served as the summer capital of the Bombay Presidency during the colonial rule.
William Akio
William Akio (born 23 July 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Marconi Stallions FC of the Australian Championship. Born in Kenya and raised in Canada, he plays for the South Sudan national team.

Australian Championship
The Australian Championship is a men's soccer competition organised by Football Australia. Held annually at the end of the National Premier Leagues (NPL) season, it pits the competition's eight permanent members – known as "foundation clubs" – against the eight NPL premiers in a tournament consisting of a sixteen-team group stage and an eight-team knockout stage. Its first edition took place in 2025.

The winner will also be awarded a direct qualification spot for the Australia Cup.
Calum Miller
Calum Alexander Miller is a British Liberal Democrat politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Bicester and Woodstock since 2024.

Formerly a public policy academic and a senior civil servant, he was the principal private secretary to Gus O'Donnell, then head of the Civil Service, and Nick Clegg, then leader of the Liberal Democrats.

In 2021, Miller became a councillor on Oxfordshire County Council and served as the council's cabinet member for finance.

Oxfordshire County Council
Oxfordshire County Council is the county council (upper-tier local authority) for the non-metropolitan county of Oxfordshire in the South East of England. Established in 1889, it is an elected body responsible for most strategic local government services in the county.

Oxfordshire County Council provides a wide range of services, including education (schools, libraries and youth services), social services, public health, highway maintenance, waste disposal, emergency planning, consumer protection and town and country planning for matters to do with minerals, waste, highways and education. This makes it one of the largest employers in Oxfordshire, with a gross expenditure budget of £856.2 million in 2021–22.
Maria Mileaf
Maria Mileaf (born c. 1965) is an American stage director. She has directed productions at major theaters including Williamstown Theatre Festival, Lincoln Center Theater, Actors Theatre of Louisville, The Old Globe, La Jolla Playhouse, American Conservatory Theatre, Playwrights Horizons, and Vineyard Theatre.

In 2007, Mileaf directed the West End premiere of Glen Berger's Underneath the Lintel at the Duchess Theatre, starring Richard Schiff. Her production of Lee Blessing’s Going to St. Ives received the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding New Off-Broadway Play, and her direction of Tracey Scott Wilson’s The Story earned the Barrymore Award for Outstanding Direction.

Following the Tony Award–winning run of Yasmina Reza’s Art on Broadway, Mileaf directed the play’s National Tour, culminating in a month-long engagement at The Kennedy Center.  In 2001, she directed Reza’s follow-up play, The Unexpected Man, at the Geffen Playhouse in Los Angeles.

Lee Blessing
Lee Knowlton Blessing (born October 4, 1949) is an American playwright best known for his 1988 work, A Walk in the Woods. A lifelong Midwesterner, Blessing continued to work in regional theaters in and around his hometown of Minneapolis through his 40s before relocating to New York City.
Judy the Beauty
Judy the Beauty (foaled 17 March 2009) is a Canadian-bred, American-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Adena Springs in Ontario, she has been owned and trained throughout her racing career by Wesley Ward who bought her for $20,000 as a yearling. As a juvenile, she won her first three races (including one on turf in France) before finishing second in the Spinaway Stakes. In a brief three-year-old season she finished second in all three of her races. In 2013 she established herself as one of the best female sprinters in North America, winning the Thoroughbred Club of America Stakes and finishing second to Groupie Doll in the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint. She was even better at five, winning the Las Flores Handicap, Madison Stakes and Rancho Bernardo Handicap before ending her season with a win in the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint. After her retirement, Judy the Beauty was inducted into the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame in 2018.

Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint
The Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint is a 7-furlong (1408 m) Weight for Age stakes race for thoroughbred fillies and mares three years old and up.  As its name implies, it is a part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships, the de facto year-end championship for North American thoroughbred racing, generally held in the United States (also held one time in Canada). The race is run on a dirt course (either natural dirt or a synthetic surface such as Polytrack).

The race was run for the first time in 2007 during the first day of the expanded Breeders' Cup at that year's host track, Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport, New Jersey.  In 2009, the race became a Grade I event.

The 2007 race was held at a distance of 6 furlongs (1207 m) instead of the normal distance of 7 furlongs because of the configuration of the dirt track at Monmouth Park.
Mohammed Siraj
Mohammed Siraj (born 13 March 1994) is an Indian international cricketer who plays as a right-arm fast bowler for the India national team. He plays for Gujarat Titans in the Indian Premier League and Hyderabad in domestic cricket. He was a part of the squad which won the 2023 Asia Cup and was the Player of the Match in the final. Siraj was also a member of the team that won the 2024 T20 World Cup. He is also an honorary Deputy Superintendent of Police in Hyderabad.

Hyderabad City Police
Hyderabad City Police is the local law enforcement agency for the city of Hyderabad, Telangana and is headed by the Commissioner of Police. The city police traces its origins to 1847 under Hyderabad State.
A Lady Takes a Chance
A Lady Takes a Chance is a 1943 American romantic comedy film directed by William A. Seiter and starring Jean Arthur and John Wayne. Written by Robert Ardrey and based on a story by Jo Swerling, the film is about a New York working girl who travels to the American West on a bus tour and meets and falls in love with a handsome rodeo cowboy. The film was produced for RKO Radio Pictures by Frank Ross, who was Arthur's husband at the time. The supporting cast features Phil Silvers, Hans Conried, Charles Winninger and Mary Field.

Hans Conried
Hans Georg Conried Jr. (April 15, 1917 – January 5, 1982) was an American actor and comedian. He voiced George Darling and Captain Hook in Walt Disney's Peter Pan (1953), Snidely Whiplash in Jay Ward's Dudley Do-Right cartoons, Professor Waldo P. Wigglesworth in Ward's Hoppity Hooper cartoons, was host of Ward's live-action Fractured Flickers show and Professor Kropotkin on the radio and film versions of My Friend Irma. He also appeared as Uncle Tonoose on Danny Thomas' sitcom Make Room for Daddy, twice on I Love Lucy, and as the Mad Hatter along with Daws Butler, Dolores Starr, Stanley Adams, Francis Condie Baxter and Cheryl Callaway in The Alphabet Conspiracy (1959).
Little Clifton
Little Clifton is a village and civil parish in the non-metropoltian county of Cumberland located on the edge of the Lake District in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. In 2001, it had a population of 391 and contained 170 households; increasing to a population of 480 in the 2011 Census with 207 households.

The village of Little Clifton is 3.5 miles (6 km) east of Workington. The River Derwent is roughly 1 mile (2 km) north of Little Clifton. In 1887, John Bartholomew, whilst writing for the Gazetteer of the British Isles, described Little Clifton as a township of 489 persons next to Workington. Workington was, at that time, a district within the former county of Cumberland.

Cumberland
Cumberland (/ˈkʌmbərlənd/ KUM-bər-lənd) is an area of North West England which was historically a county. The county was bordered by Northumberland to the north-east, County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south-east, Lancashire to the south, and the Scottish counties of Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire to the north. The county included the city of Carlisle, part of the Lake District and North Pennines, and the Solway Firth coastline.

Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974, when it was subsumed into Cumbria with Westmorland as well as parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It gives its name to the unitary authority area of Cumberland, which has similar boundaries but excludes Penrith.
Harun Durabi
Harun bin Durabi (born 11 January 1963) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the State Assistant Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation of Sabah in the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) state administration under Chief Minister Hajiji Noor and Minister Mohd Arifin Mohd Arif from January 2023 to December 2025 as well as Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bengkoka since September 2020. He served as State Assistant Minister of Rural Development of Sabah in the GRS state administration under Chief Minister Hajiji and Minister Jahid Jahim from October 2020 to January 2023. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation of Sabah (Sabah UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.

Jahid Jahim
Jahid Jahim (born 29 May 1958) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the State Minister of Rural Development of Sabah in the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) state administration under Chief Minister Hajiji Noor since September 2020 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Tamparuli since May 2018 until November 2025 and from March 2004 to May 2013. He also served as State Minister of Housing and Local Government of Sabah in May 2018 and State Assistant Minister of Youth and Sports of Sabah from March 2004 to May 2013. He is a member of the United Sabah Party (PBS), a component party of the GRS coalition. He has served as the Deputy President of PBS for the Muslim Bumiputera quota since January 2021 and previously served as the Secretary-General of PBS prior to his promotion as Acting Deputy President. He had previously contested in the elections as a direct candidate of another ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition before PBS decided to leave BN on 12 May 2018.
American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health
American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health was a publication of the American Public Health Association that existed from 1928 to 1970. It was created by the merger of American Journal of Public Health and The Nation's Health. In 1971, the publication split back into its two original distinct publications.

American Journal of Public Health
The American Journal of Public Health is a monthly peer-reviewed public health journal that is independently published by the American Public Health Association. The Journal covers health policy and public health. The journal was established in 1911 and its stated mission is "to advance public health research, policy, practice, and education." The journal occasionally publishes themed supplements. The current Editor-In-Chief is Denys T. Lau.
Sture Bjørvig
Sture Bjørvig (born 5 November 1973) is a Norwegian competition rower. He was born in Trondheim, but represented the club Norske Studenters RK. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where he placed ninth in coxless fours, together with Kjetil Undset, Steffen Størseth and Nils-Torolv Simonsen.

Steffen Størseth
Steffen Skår Størseth (born 26 April 1975) is a Norwegian competition rower and Olympic medalist.

He received a silver medal in double sculls at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, together with Kjetil Undset.
Colorado Springs School of Technology
The Colorado Springs School of Technology (CSST) is a STEM-focused innovation high school in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Operating autonomously as part of Colorado Springs School District 11, it opened in the 2025–26 academic year with approximately 100 students in the ninth and tenth grades with plans to expand in subsequent years.

Designed to prepare area students for future careers in aerospace and cybersecurity, CSST is a collaboration of many different educational, business, and government institutions, including the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, National Cybersecurity Center, United States Air Force Academy, and more.

University of Colorado Colorado Springs
The University of Colorado Colorado Springs (UCCS) is a public research university in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. It is one of four campuses that make up the University of Colorado system.  As of Fall 2023, UCCS had over 11,000 students, including more than 9,000 undergraduates and nearly 2,000 graduate students. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Thenum Vayambum
Thenum Vayambum (transl. Honey and Calamus) is a 1981 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Ashok Kumar and written by John Paul, starring Nedumudi Venu, Prem Nazir and Sumalatha, along with Mohanlal and Ranipadmini. The film features music composed by Raveendran.

Nedumudi Venu
Kesavan Venugopal (22 May 1948 – 11 October 2021), better known by his stage name Nedumudi Venu, was an Indian actor and screenwriter from Kerala, who predominantly worked in Malayalam cinema. He acted in more than 500 films, primarily in Malayalam and also in Tamil, in a career spanning nearly five decades. He wrote screenplays and directed one film. Nedumudi Venu won three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Award South and six Kerala State Film Awards for his performances in various movies.
Gaza International Transitional Authority
The Gaza International Transitional Authority (GITA; Arabic: السلطة الانتقالية الدولية في غزة, romanized: alsultat alaintiqaliat alduwaliat fi ghaza) was a body proposed in September 2025 by former British prime minister Tony Blair to administer the Gaza Strip in the aftermath of the Gaza war.

Many of Blair's proposals were incorporated into the Gaza peace plan presented by United States president Donald Trump on 29 September 2025 which was accepted by Hamas and Israel on 8 October and authorized by the United Nations Security Council on 17 November 2025 through Resolution 2803.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2803
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2803 was passed on 17 November 2025 to give effect to the Gaza peace plan agreed by Israel and Hamas in October 2025. The resolution was welcomed by the Palestinian Authority and denounced by Hamas.