hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Otomat
The Otomat is an anti-ship and coastal defence missile developed by the Italian company Oto Melara jointly with Matra and now made by MBDA. The name comes, for the first versions, from the name of the two builders ("Oto Melara" and "Matra") and, for the later versions, Teseo, from the Italian word for Theseus. The MILAS variant is an anti-submarine missile.
In its latest version Mk/2E purchased by the Italian Navy is a medium range anti-ship missile and a ground attack missile.

Harpoon (missile)
The Harpoon is an all-weather, over-the-horizon, anti-ship missile 
manufactured by McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing Defense, Space & Security). The AGM-84E Standoff Land Attack Missile (SLAM) and later AGM-84H/K SLAM-ER (Standoff Land Attack Missile – Expanded Response) are cruise missile variants.

The regular Harpoon uses active radar homing and flies just above the water to evade defenses. The missile can be launched from:

Fixed-wing aircraft (AGM-84), without the solid-fuel rocket booster

Surface ships (RGM-84), fitted with a solid-fuel rocket booster that detaches when expended, to allow the missile's main turbojet to maintain flight

Submarines (UGM-84), fitted with a solid-fuel rocket booster and encapsulated in a container to enable submerged launch through a torpedo tube

Coastal defense batteries (RGM-84), from which it would be fired with a solid-fuel rocket booster
Israel Youth Award
The Israel Youth Award is a self-development program for 14 to 25-year-olds. Over 7 million young people worldwide have taken up the Award challenge. A member of the International Award Association, the Israel Youth Award is one of 62 National Award Authorities delivering the International Award, which started life in the UK in 1956 as The Duke of Edinburgh's Award.

Duke of Edinburgh
Duke of Edinburgh, named after the capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, is a substantive title that has been created four times since 1726 for members of the British royal family. It does not include any territorial landholdings and does not produce any revenue for the title-holder.

The current holder, Prince Edward, was created duke in 2023 on his 59th birthday by his eldest brother, King Charles III. The dukedom had previously been granted to their father, then Philip Mountbatten, on the day of his marriage to then-Princess Elizabeth, the future Queen Elizabeth II. Upon Philip's death, the title was inherited by Charles and held by him until Elizabeth died and Charles became king, at which time the title reverted to the Crown.
Interstate Aviation Committee
The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC; Russian: Межгосударственный авиационный комитет, МАК) is an executive body of the  Civil Aviation and Airspace Use Council of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and was formed in 1991 according to the Civil Aviation and Airspace Use Multilateral Agreement, signed on 25 December 1991.

Multilateralism
In international relations, multilateralism refers to an alliance of multiple countries pursuing a common goal. Multilateralism is based on the principles of inclusivity, equality, and cooperation, and aims to foster a more peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world.
Middle powers play a crucial role in the international system by promoting multilateralism and internationalism.

One of the key advantages of multilateralism is that it enables countries to solve problems that transcend national boundaries, such as climate change, terrorism, and pandemics, through shared responsibility and burden-sharing. However, multilateralism has challenges. The rise of populism, fascism, and protectionism in some countries has raised concerns about the future of multilateralism and the effectiveness of international cooperation.
Eldfell
Eldfell is a volcanic cone just over 200 metres (660 ft) high on the Icelandic island of Heimaey in the Westman Islands. It formed in a volcanic eruption that began without warning on the eastern side of Heimaey on 23 January 1973. The name means Hill of Fire in Icelandic.

The eruption caused a major crisis for the island and led to its temporary evacuation. Volcanic ash fell over most of the island, destroying around 400 homes, and a lava flow threatened to close off the harbor, the island's main income source via its fishing fleet. An operation was mounted to cool the advancing lava flow by pumping sea water onto it, which was successful in preventing the loss of the harbor.

After the eruption, the islanders used heat from the cooling lava flows to provide hot water and to generate electricity. They also used some of the extensive tephra (fall-out of airborne volcanic material) to extend the runway at the island's small airport and as landfill on which 200 new houses were built.

Tephra
Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.

Volcanologists also refer to airborne fragments as pyroclasts. Once clasts have fallen to the ground, they remain as tephra unless hot enough to fuse into pyroclastic rock or tuff. When a volcano explodes, it releases a variety of tephra including ash, cinders, and blocks. These layers settle on the land and, over time, sedimentation occurs incorporating these tephra layers into the geologic record.

Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed. Often, when a volcano explodes, biological organisms are killed and their remains are buried within the tephra layer. These fossils are later dated by scientists to determine the age of the fossil and its place within the geologic record.
Martin L. Jarrett
Martin Luther Jarrett (November 18, 1841 – September 23, 1920) was an American politician and physician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County, from 1908 to 1911.

Harford County, Maryland
Harford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 260,924. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County is part of the Baltimore metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. The county is part of the Central Maryland region of the state.
West Wyalong Mallee Men
The West Wyalong Mallee Men are a rugby league club based in the town of West Wyalong in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. Founded in 1911, the team is the joint oldest in the state outside of Sydney and Newcastle alongside the North Tamworth Bears.

North Tamworth Bears
The North Tamworth Bears are a rugby league team located in the suburb of North Tamworth, in Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia. They were formed in 1911, three years after Rugby league came to New South Wales, and are one of the oldest clubs in New South Wales, in particular in the Country. They play in the Group 4 Rugby League competition, which is administered by the New South Wales Country Rugby League. The North Tamworth Bears won the 2006 premiership beating the Coonabarabran Unicorns.
Arlington, Upshur County, West Virginia
Arlington is an unincorporated community along the Little Kanawha River in Upshur County, West Virginia, United States. Alfious Arlington Fidler, an early postmaster, gave the town his middle name. Its nineteenth century Fidler's Mill is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Arlington is located south of Rock Cave.

Arlington's public schools are operated by Upshur County Schools.

Rock Cave, West Virginia
Rock Cave is a census designated unincorporated community in Upshur County, West Virginia, United States. The town is located southwest of Buckhannon at the junction of West Virginia Route 4 with County Routes 11/2 and 20/28.

Throughout the community's history, Rock Cave has been known as Bob Town, Centerville, and Centreville.

The community's name is a corruption of Rock Lava, which referred to rocks purportedly of volcanic origin unearthed near the town site.

Rock Cave's public schools are operated by Upshur County Schools.
2023 Cook Out Southern 500
The 2023 Cook Out Southern 500, the 74th running of the event, was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on September 3, 2023, at Darlington Raceway in Darlington, South Carolina. Contested over 367 laps on the 1.366-mile (2.198 km) egg-shaped oval, it was the 27th race of the 2023 NASCAR Cup Series season, the first race of the 2023 NASCAR playoffs, and the first race of the Round of 16.

Darlington, South Carolina
Darlington is a city located in Darlington County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Darlington had a population of 6,149. It is the county seat of Darlington County. It is part of the Florence, South Carolina metropolitan area.

Darlington is known for its Darlington Oak and Spanish moss. Darlington is home to the famous Darlington Raceway, which hosts the annual NASCAR Southern 500 race on Labor Day weekend as well as a 400-mile spring race. It is also the site of the National Motorsports Press Association (NMPA) Hall of Fame. Darlington is also a center for tobacco farming.

Darlington is located 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Florence and 76 miles (122 km) northeast of the state capital, Columbia.
Shilou, Beijing
Shilou Town (Chinese: 石楼镇; pinyin: Shílóu Zhèn) is a town located within Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It borders Chengguan Subdistrict in its north, Doudian Town in its east, Liulihe and Hancunhe Towns in its south, and Zhoukoudian Town in its northwest. As of 2020, it had 32,131 people residing under its administration.

Zhoukoudian
Zhoukoudian Town (Chinese: 周口店镇; pinyin: Zhōukǒudiàn Zhèn) is a town on the east Fangshan District, Beijing, China. It borders Nanjiao and Fozizhuang Townships to its north, Xiangyang, Chengguan and Yingfeng Subdistricts to its east, Shilou and Hancunhe Towns to its south, and Xiayunling Town to its west. Its population was 41,868 in the 2020 census.
Devil's Bait
Devil's Bait is a 1959 black and white British  second feature ('B') drama film directed by Peter Graham Scott and starring Geoffrey Keen, Jane Hylton and Gordon Jackson. It was written by Peter Johnston and Diana Watson, and made by the Rank Organisation.

Gordon Jackson (actor)
Gordon Cameron Jackson (19 December 1923 – 15 January 1990) was a Scottish actor. He is best remembered for his roles as the butler Angus Hudson in Upstairs, Downstairs and as George Cowley, the head of CI5, in The Professionals. He also portrayed Capt Jimmy Cairns in Tunes of Glory, and Flt. Lt. Andrew MacDonald, "Intelligence", in The Great Escape.

In 1960, Jackson was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Actor for the film Yesterday's Enemy and in 1975 was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor for the television series Upstairs, Downstairs. The following year he won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Series.
Crystal Eastman
Crystal Catherine Eastman (June 25, 1881 – July 28, 1928) was an American lawyer, antimilitarist, feminist, socialist, and journalist. She was a leader in the fight for women's suffrage, a co-founder and co-editor with her brother Max Eastman of the radical arts and politics magazine The Liberator, co-founder of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, and co-founder in 1920 of the American Civil Liberties Union. In 2000, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York.

Seneca Falls, New York
Seneca Falls is a town in Seneca County, New York, United States. The population was 9,027 at the 2020 census.

The Town of Seneca Falls contains the former village also called Seneca Falls. The town is east of Geneva, New York, in the northern part of the Finger Lakes District.

Seneca Falls is a historic location along a branch of the Erie Canal and is the birthplace of women's rights, where the 1848 women's rights convention was held. Many also believe it to have been the inspiration for the fictional town of "Bedford Falls", portrayed in filmmaker Frank Capra's classic 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life.
Robyn Thorn
Robyn Jean Thorn (26 November 1945 – 24 January 2026), also known by her married name Robyn Nock, was an Australian freestyle swimmer who won the silver medal in the 4×100-metre freestyle relay at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Coming from Kingaroy, Queensland, Thorn spent the majority of her career in the shadow of fellow Australian Dawn Fraser.  Making her debut in the 1962 Commonwealth Games in Perth, Western Australia, Thorn was part of the winning 4×110-yard freestyle relay team, and won silver in the corresponding individual event behind Fraser.  Two years later in Tokyo, Thorn was a semifinalist in the 100-metre freestyle, won by Fraser. She combined with Fraser, Lyn Bell and Janice Murphy to finish second, 3.1 seconds behind the United States.

Thorn died on 24 January 2026, at the age of 80.

Dawn Fraser
Dawn Fraser AC MBE (born 4 September 1937) is an Australian freestyle champion swimmer, eight-time olympic medallist, a 15-year world record holder in the 100-metre freestyle, and former politician. Controversial, yet the winner of countless honours, she has enjoyed national prominence and sparked national pride in Australia. She is one of only four swimmers to have won the same Olympic individual event three times – in her case the women's 100-metre freestyle.
Baakleen
Baakleen, also spelled Baaqlîne or Baakline (Arabic: بعقلين), is a prominent Druze city located in the Chouf District of Mount Lebanon, about 45 kilometers southeast of Beirut, Lebanon. Situated at an elevation of 850 to 920 meters, it has a population of around 30,000 and covers an area of 14 square kilometers, with approximately 2,870 homes. The town is surrounded by several neighboring villages, including Deir al-Qamar, Beit ed-Dine, Ainbal, Deir Dourit, Symkanieh, and Jahlieh.

Ainbal
Ainbal (Arabic: عينبال) is a village and municipality in the Chouf District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon. It is located 50 kilometers southeast of Beirut. Its average elevation is 850 meters above sea level and its total land area is 360 hectares. In 2010, Ainbal had 1,813 registered voters. Ainbal's inhabitants are predominantly Druze.

Among several theories regarding the village name's origin is that is derived from the Aramaic word for "divine eye". In Ainbal's immediate vicinity are numerous caves and the ruins of Kouroum el-Qarya (Vineyard Village), which are situated on a hill above the village.
Nicotinate dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a nicotinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.17.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are nicotinate, H2O, and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are 6-hydroxynicotinate, NADPH, and H+.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
Euzois of Byzantium
Euzois of Byzantium (Greek: Εὐζώιος; died 154) was the bishop of Byzantium for six years (148 – 154). He succeeded bishop Athenodorus of Byzantium. He was in office during the persecution of Christians by Roman emperor Antoninus Pius. His successor was Laurence of Byzantium.

Athenodorus of Byzantium
Athenodorus of Byzantium (Greek: Ἀθηνόδωρος), also known as Athenogenes (Ἀθηνογένης; died 148) was bishop of Byzantium from 144 to 148. During his years of office, when the city was administered by Zeuxippus, there was a significant increase in the Christian population. Athenodorus commissioned the construction of a second cathedral in Elaea, which was later renovated by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, who wanted to be buried there. Eventually, he was not buried there, as it was deemed improper for Emperors to be buried outside Byzantium. The cathedral was devoted to the martyrdoms of Eleazar and of the seven children in 2 Maccabees.
Edwin Colón Zayas
Edwin Colón Zayas (October 27, 1965), is a Puerto Rican cuatro player from Puerto Rico.  He joins a large number of Puerto Rican artists,  "innovative tradition-bearing," who focus their talents in extolling the virtues of the Puerto Rican creole and Jíbaro way of life.

Andrés Jiménez (singer)
Andrés Jiménez Hernández, popularly known as "El Jíbaro" (born July 3, 1947 in Orocovis, Puerto Rico), is a composer and singer of traditional Puerto Rican folk music (jíbaro music) and is that music genre's best known contemporary trovador (troubadour, i.e., singer) linked to the Neofolkloric movement of the Nueva Canción (New Song).
2nd Battalion, Tower Hamlets Rifles
The 2nd Battalion, Tower Hamlets Rifles, was a Territorial Army unit of the British Army during World War II. It fought as a motor battalion in the Tunisian campaign, including the Run for Tunis and Battle of Kasserine Pass, and in the Italian Campaign from Monte Cassino to the Apennines, including the seizure of the Muraglione Pass.

Run for Tunis
The Run for Tunis was part of the Tunisia Campaign which took place during November and December 1942 during the Second World War. Once French opposition to the Allied Operation Torch landings had ceased in mid-November, the Allies made a rapid advance by a division-sized force east from Algeria, to capture Tunis and forestall an Axis build up in Tunisia and narrowly failed. Some Allied troops were fewer than 20 miles (32 km) short of Tunis by late November but the defenders counter-attacked and pushed them back nearly 20 miles (32 km), to positions which had stabilised by the end of the year.
Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (French pronunciation: [ɔʃlaɡa mɛzɔ̃nœv]) is a neighbourhood in Montreal, Canada, situated in the east end of the island, generally to the south of the city's Olympic Stadium and east of downtown.

Historically a poor neighbourhood, it has experienced significant change and gentrification in recent years.

Centre-Sud
The Centre-Sud (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ syd]) is a neighbourhood located in the easternmost edge of the Ville-Marie borough of the city of Montreal.

Home to Montreal's Gay Village and to the Sainte-Marie area, the Centre-Sud has long been seen as one of the city's most complex and troubled neighbourhoods.

Having held a notorious reputation for poverty and prostitution for decades, particularly on Rue Ontario and Rue Dufresne, gentrification has changed the neighbourhood considerably in recent years.
Elinor Raas Heller
Elinor Raas Heller (October 3, 1904 – August 15, 1987) was an American academic administrator. From 1961–1976 she was a Regent of the University of California. She served as Chair in 1975–1976, and Vice-Chair in 1968–1969 and 1971–1972. In 1973 she was appointed to serve on California's Postsecondary Education Commission. She received the Clark Kerr Award in 1976.

Clark Kerr
Clark Kerr (May 17, 1911 – December 1, 2003) was an American economist and academic administrator. He was the first chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley, and twelfth president of the University of California.
NHL 2004
NHL 2004 is an ice hockey sports video game developed by EA Black Box. It is the successor to NHL 2003. The game adds three European Elite Leagues: Germany's Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL), Sweden's Elitserien (SEL), and Finland's SM-liiga. The game was heavily modded during the last 20 years.

NHL 2003
NHL 2003 is an ice hockey video game developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. It was released in 2002 as the successor to NHL 2002. Jarome Iginla appears as the cover athlete and spokesperson of the game. Iginla appears in the Behind The Scenes video to show the player how the game was made. It was the first installment of the NHL series to be released on GameCube.
Li Delin
Li Delin (李德林), courtesy name Gongfu (公輔) (531? - 591?), formally either Duke Wen of Anping (安平文公) (according to the Book of Sui) or Viscount Wen of Cheng'an (成安文子) (according to the Zizhi Tongjian), was an official of the Chinese Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, and Sui dynasties.

He was a prolific writer whose writing ability was greatly praised by his contemporaries and the emperors that he served under. He began the compilation of the Book of Northern Qi, a work that he was never able to complete, but his son Li Baiyao later completed the work.

Book of Northern Qi
The Book of Northern Qi (Chinese: 北齊書; pinyin: Běi Qí Shū), is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the Northern Qi Dynasty.  It was written by the Tang dynasty historian Li Baiyao (李百藥) and was completed in 636.  It is listed among the official Twenty-Four Histories of China. The original book contained 50 chapters but it was found during the Song dynasty that only 17 chapters were intact. The rest are lost.
Ireland in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2023
Ireland was represented at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2023, which was held on 26 November 2023 in Nice, France. Irish broadcaster TG4 again used the televised national final Junior Eurovision Éire to select the artist, which was won by Jessica McKean. Her song, "Aisling", was released on 27 October.

Ireland performed fourth in the running order, following the entry from Ukraine and preceding the entry from the United Kingdom. In a reversal of fortune from 2022, Ireland achieved its first last placing ever in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest, finishing in sixteenth place with 42 points.

TG4
TG4 (/ˌtiː dʒiː ˈkæhər/; Irish: TG Ceathair, pronounced [ˌtʲeːɟeː ˈcahəɾʲ]) is an Irish free-to-air public service television channel. It launched on 31 October 1996 and is available online and through its on-demand service TG4 Player in Ireland and beyond.

TG4 was initially known as Teilifís na Gaeilge (TnaG), before being renamed in 1999. It was the third national station to be launched in Ireland, after RTÉ One in 1961 (as Teilifís Éireann) and RTÉ Two in 1978. It was followed by a fourth channel, TV3 (now called Virgin Media One), in 1998.

On average 1.2m people watch TG4 in the Republic of Ireland every week. 650,000 viewers tune into the channel each day. It has a 2% share of the national television market in the Republic of Ireland and 3% of the national television market in Northern Ireland. The daily Irish-language programme schedule is its core service: seven hours of programming in Irish supported by a wide range of material in other languages, mostly English and French.
Greatest Hits (Rick Astley album)
Greatest Hits is a compilation by English singer Rick Astley released in the UK in 2002 and in the US a year later. While the American version features alternate mixes focused between 1987 and 1991, the European version features hits up to his 2002 album Keep It Turned On. It sold over 100,000 copies in the UK and was certified gold by the BPI. The UK release saw the debut appearance of Astley's 2001 single "Sleeping", thus making it a brand-new track for listeners.

Sleeping (Rick Astley song)
"Sleeping" is a song performed by English singer-songwriter Rick Astley. It was written and produced by Chris Braide and Astley in 2001. The song was Astley's first single in almost eight years, released in Germany only. Its first UK appearance was on the 2002 Greatest Hits compilation. The song is also the first single from his fifth studio album, Keep It Turned On. It reached the top 75 of the singles charts in Germany and Switzerland.