hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1937 Grand National
The 1937 Grand National was the 96th running of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 19 March 1937. The estimated crowd of 300,000 is believed by the Aintree executive to be a record for the race, though only those who watched from the racecourse proper were charged admission.

In attendance at Aintree were King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. The steeplechase was won by the aptly-named Royal Mail, at odds of 100/6. The eight-year-old was ridden by jockey Evan Williams and trained by Ivor Anthony, for owner Hugh Lloyd Thomas.

Golden Miller, winner in 1934, went off as 8/1 favourite but refused at the tenth fence, the same obstacle he refused to jump in the 1935 National. Cooleen finished the race in second place, and finished fourth the following year and again in 1939. Pucka Belle was third and Ego fourth. Thirty-three horses ran and all returned safely to the stables.

1935 Grand National
The 1935 Grand National was the 94th renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1935.

The race was won by Reynoldstown, a 22/1 shot owned and trained by Major Noel Furlong, and ridden by his son, amateur jockey Frank Furlong. Reynoldstown followed up with a second consecutive victory one year later in the 1936 Grand National.

The favourite was Golden Miller who unseated his rider Gerry Wilson on the first circuit.
Circasemidian rhythm
In chronobiology, a circasemidian rhythm is a physiological arousal cycle that peaks twice in a 24-hour day. It may also be called the semicircadian rhythm. Numerous studies have demonstrated that human circadian rhythms in many measures of performance and physiological activity have a 2-peak daily (circasemidian) pattern. The word, circasemidian, is based upon the Latin words circa ("about"), semi ("half") and dia ("day"). Thus, this is a rhythm that has two cycles per day, and some investigators have referred to it as the semicircadian rhythm. It usually serves to (1) deepen the pre-dawn nadir in body temperature and cognitive performance, (2) create a flat spot during the early afternoon in the daytime increase in body temperature and cognitive performance (the "post-lunch dip"), and (3) heighten the early-evening peak in body temperature and cognitive performance. Broughton was the first to bring this characteristic of human performance to the attention of researchers.

Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics, cybernetics, and applied psychology used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics.
Frederic Wakeman
Frederic Evans Wakeman Jr. (Chinese: 魏斐德; pinyin: Wèi Fěidé; December 12, 1937 – September 14, 2006) was an American scholar of East Asian history and Professor of History at University of California, Berkeley. He served as president of the American Historical Association and of the Social Science Research Council. Jonathan D. Spence said of Wakeman that he was an evocative writer who chose, "like the novelist he really wanted to be, stories that split into different currents and swept the reader along", adding that he was "quite simply the best modern Chinese historian of the last 30 years".

American Historical Association
The American Historical Association (AHA) is the oldest professional association of historians in the United States and the largest such organization in the world with 11,000 members as of 2025. Founded in 1884, AHA works to protect academic freedom, develop professional standards, and support scholarship and innovative teaching. It publishes The American Historical Review four times annually, which features scholarly history-related articles and book reviews.

AHA is the major learned society for historians working in the United States, while the Organization of American Historians is a field society for historians who study and teach about the United States. The AHA's congressional charter of 1889, established it "for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history, and of history in America."
Clare Collins
Clare Elizabeth Collins is an Australian dietician who is Professor of Nutrition and Dietetics at the University of Newcastle. She serves as Director for Research in the School of Health Sciences and Deputy Director of the Priority Research Centre. She was awarded the 2017 Hunter Medical Research Institute Researcher of the Year and is a Fellow of Dietitians Australia.

Hunter Medical Research Institute
32°55′14″S 151°41′33″E﻿ / ﻿32.920667°S 151.692578°E﻿ / -32.920667; 151.692578
The Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) is a medical research institute located in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

Established in 1998, the research institute is a partnership between the University of Newcastle, Australia, Hunter New England Local Health District, and the community. It aims to improve health and wellbeing of its communities.
Sophie Masson (philanthropist)
Marie-Geneviève-Sophie Masson (née Raymond; October 6, 1798 – November 30, 1882) was a Canadian philanthropist and aristocrat from Quebec who served as seigneuress of Terrebonne from 1847 to 1883.

The Sophie Masson Bridge between Laval and Terrebonne, and Sophie Masson Park in Terrebonne, bear her name.

Laval, Quebec
Laval is a city in Quebec, Canada. It is in the southwest of the province, north of Montreal. It is the largest suburb of Montreal, the third-largest city in the province after Montreal and Quebec City, and the thirteenth largest city in Canada, with a population of 443,192 in 2021.

Laval is geographically separated from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles, and from the Island of Montreal to the south by the Rivière des Prairies. Laval occupies all of Île Jésus as well as the Îles Laval.

Laval constitutes one of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec, with a region code of 13, as well as a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) with geographical code 65. It also constitutes the judicial district of Laval. It is the smallest administrative region in the province by area.
Amel Mekić
Amel Mekić (Cyrillic: Амел Мекић; born 21 September 1981) is a retired Bosnian judoka.

He won a gold medal at European Judo Championships in 2011, beating five opponents on a way, including two Olympic medalists Ariel Ze'evi and Henk Grol.

Mekić was part of the Bosnian Olympic team at the 2008 Summer Olympics (achieved 9th place after four fights) and at the 2012 Summer Olympics (lost in the first round).  He was the Bosnian flag-bearer at both the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.

Although he never won either an Olympic or a World medal, Mekić beat several Olympic and World medalists during his career, including Olympic champion Pawel Nastula, as well as World champions Frederic Demontfaucon, Dennis van der Geest and Luciano Corrêa.

Ariel Ze'evi
Ariel "Arik" Ze'evi (Hebrew: אריאל "אריק" זאבי; born 16 January 1977) is an Israeli retired dan 6 black belt in judo. He had a long and successful career competing in half-heavyweight judo competitions. He won an Olympic bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the men's 100 kg judo competition.
Town Hall of Cachoeira
The Town Hall of Cachoeira (Portuguese: Paço Municipal, formerly the Portuguese: Casa de Câmara e Cadeia) is an 18th-century municipal building in Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil. The building is located in the Historic Center of the city on the Praça da Aclamação , a public square. Construction of the building began in 1700 and was completed in 1712 following the establishment of Cachoeira by Royal Charter of 1693. Its design was influenced by the Town Hall of Salvador, completed in 1698, but is smaller in size than the Town Hall and Prison of Jaguaripe, completed in the same period. The town halls of Maragogipe and Santo Amaro are also in the same style. It was used by Brazilian independence forces in 1822 during the Brazilian War of Independence.

Town Hall and Prison of Jaguaripe
The Town Hall and Prison of Jaguaripe (Portuguese: Paço Municipal de Jaguaripe) is an 18th-century municipal building in Jaguaripe, Bahia, Brazil. It was inaugurated in 1697 and served as a town hall, prison, and occasional housing for military troops. The structure is visible from much of the surrounding region, and served as a model for town halls built both in the Recôncavo and sertão regions of Bahia in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1941 and remains a municipal building of Jaguaripe. By tradition the prison had a cellar, the "Prison of Salt" (Prisão do Sal), a dungeon that flooded according to the tides of the river.
Tanoshiri Station
Tanoshiri Station (田之尻駅, Tanoshiri-eki) is a former JR West Kabe Line station located in Tsutsuga, Yamagata District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It closed on December 1, 2003, when operation of the line was discontinued/suspended between Kabe Station and Sandankyō Station.

Sandankyō Station
Sandankyō Station (三段峡駅, Sandankyō Eki) was a JR West Kabe Line terminal station located in Akiota, Hiroshima, Japan. It closed on December 1, 2003 when operation of the line was discontinued/suspended between Kabe Station and Sandankyō Station.

The station had one side platform.
Sōja Atagoyama Kofun
The Sōja Atagoyama Kofun (総社愛宕山古墳) is a square-shaped (hōfun (方墳)) Kofun period burial mound located in what is now the Sōja neighborhood of the city of Maebashi, Gunma Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2024, as part of the Sōja Kofun Cluster

Sōja Kofun Cluster
The Sōja Kofun Cluster (総社古墳群) is a group of  Kofun period burial mounds located in what is now the Sōja neighborhood of the city of Maebashi, Gunma Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. Five of the kofun in this group were collectively designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2024.
Filipino spaghetti
Filipino spaghetti (also known as sweet spaghetti) is a Filipino adaptation of Italian spaghetti with Bolognese sauce. It has a distinctively sweet sauce, usually made from tomato sauce sweetened with brown sugar, banana ketchup, or condensed milk. It is typically topped with sliced hot dogs or smoked longganisa sausages, giniling (ground meat), and grated cheese. It is regarded as a comfort food in Philippine cuisine. It is typically served on almost any special occasion, especially on children's birthdays.

Brown sugar
Brown sugar is a sucrose sugar product with a distinctive brown color due to the presence of molasses. It is either an unrefined or partially refined soft sugar consisting of sugar crystals with some residual molasses content, or produced by the addition of molasses to refined white sugar. Brown sugar is 98% carbohydrates (95% as sucrose), containing no dietary fiber or fat, and negligible protein and micronutrient content.
A Working Man
A Working Man is a 2025 action thriller film produced and directed by David Ayer, who co-wrote the screenplay with Sylvester Stallone, based on the 2014 novel Levon's Trade by Chuck Dixon. It stars Jason Statham, Michael Peña and David Harbour. In the film, soldier-turned-construction worker Levon Cade hunts down the human traffickers who kidnapped his employer Joe Garcia's daughter Jenny.

A Working Man was released in the United States by Amazon MGM Studios and in the United Kingdom by Warner Bros. Pictures on March 28, 2025. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $98 million worldwide against a $40 million budget.

Chuck Dixon
Charles Dixon (born April 14, 1954) is an American comic book writer, best known for his work on the Marvel Comics character the Punisher and on the DC Comics characters Batman, Nightwing, and Robin in the 1990s and early 2000s.
Carver County Historical Society
The Carver County Historical Society, also called the Carver County Historical Society and Veterans Center, is a historical society and museum located in Waconia, Minnesota. The CCHS is one of the leading historical organizations within Carver County, Minnesota alongside several smaller city-level historical organizations including both the Chanhassen Historical Society and the Chaska Historical Society. As a nonprofit organization, the CCHS works heavily in historic preservation for local historical buildings of interest including several buildings on the National Register of Historic Places such as the Andrew Peterson Farmstead and the Wendelin Grimm Farmstead among others.

Andrew Peterson Farmstead
The Andrew Peterson Farmstead is a farm just east of Waconia, Minnesota, United States. The farm is located in rural Carver County, Minnesota, on Minnesota State Highway 5.  The farm is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its association with its first owner, Andrew Peterson. It is owned and operated by the Carver County Historical Society.
Tamukkam Palace
9°55′52″N 78°07′57″E﻿ / ﻿9.9310069°N 78.1325184°E﻿ / 9.9310069; 78.1325184

Tamukkam Palace is a palace located in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Literally the Tamil word Tamukkam (Tamil:தமுக்கம்) means summer house. It was built in c. 1670, and was the summer palace of Rani Mangammal, the queen regent of the Madurai Nayak kingdom. Taken over by the British, Tamukkam became the official residence of the District Collectors. It now houses the Mahatma Gandhi Museum.

Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai
Gandhi Memorial Museum, established in 1959, is a memorial museum for Mahatma Gandhi located in the city of Madurai in Tamil Nadu, India. Known as Gandhi Museum, it is now one of the five Gandhi Sanghralayas (Gandhi Museums) in the country. It includes a part of the blood-stained garment worn by Gandhi when he was assassinated by Nathuram Godse.
Koyun Island
Koyun Island (Turkish: Koyun Adası, literally "Sheep Island") is a Turkish island in the Sea of Marmara. At 40°30′33″N 27°34′40″E﻿ / ﻿40.50917°N 27.57778°E﻿ / 40.50917; 27.57778 it is a part of Erdek ilçe (district) of Balıkesir Province. It is situated between the better known islands of Avşa Island and Paşalimanı Island.

The island is a long island from north to south. Its total area is about 1.7 square kilometres (0.66 sq mi). There are only a few summer houses on the otherwise uninhabited island.

Paşalimanı
Paşalimanı Island (Turkish: Paşalimanı Adası), formerly Halone (Greek: Ἁλώνη), is an island in the southern Sea of Marmara in Turkey. The island is the fifth largest island of Turkey (26.2 km2 (10.1 sq mi)) and administratively belongs to the Erdek town of Balikesir Province in northwestern Turkey. The island has five small villages and has 962 population in total. Paşalimanı Island is also part of the Marmara Archipelago along with three other islands Marmara, Avşa and Ekinlik.
Short rib–polydactyly syndrome
Short rib–polydactyly syndrome is a family of four closely related dysplasias:

I – "Saldino-Noonan type"

II – "Majewski type"

III – "Verma-Naumoff type" (associated with DYNC2H1)

IV – "Beemer-Langer type"

Majewski's polydactyly syndrome
Majewski's polydactyly syndrome, also known as polydactyly with neonatal chondrodystrophy type I, short rib-polydactyly syndrome type II, and shorts rib-polydactyly syndrome, is a lethal form of neonatal dwarfism characterized by osteochondrodysplasia (skeletal abnormalities in the development of bone and cartilage) with a narrow thorax, polysyndactyly, disproportionately short tibiae, thorax dysplasia, hypoplastic lungs and respiratory insufficiency. Associated anomalies include protruding abdomen, brachydactyly, peculiar faces, hypoplastic epiglottis, cardiovascular defects, renal cysts, and also genital anomalies. Death occurs before or at birth.The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.

It was characterized in 1971.
2005 Kraft Nabisco Championship
The 2005 Kraft Nabisco Championship was a women's professional golf tournament, held March 24–27 at Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. This was the 34th edition of the Kraft Nabisco Championship, and the 23rd edition as a major championship. ESPN and ABC Sports televised the event.

Annika Sörenstam, the champion in 2001 and 2002, won the event for the third and final time, eight strokes ahead of runner-up Rosie Jones. It was the eighth of her ten major titles.

2002 Kraft Nabisco Championship
The 2002 Kraft Nabisco Championship was a women's professional golf tournament, held March 28–31 at Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. This was the 31st edition of the Kraft Nabisco Championship, and the twentieth as a major championship.

Defending champion Annika Sörenstam shot a final round 68 to win the second of her three titles at this event, one stroke ahead of runner-up and compatriot Liselotte Neumann; it was the fourth of Sörenstam's ten major titles. The co-leaders after 54 holes were Sörenstam, Neumann, and Karrie Webb, the 2000 champion.

Through 2017, this is the sole successful title defense at this major championship. Before it became a major in 1983, Sandra Post won consecutively in 1978 and 1979.
Kidnapped to Mystery Island
Kidnapped to Mystery Island (Italian: I misteri della giungla nera, German: Das Geheimnis der Lederschlinge and 'The Snake Hunter Strangler) is a 1964 Italian-German adventure film directed by Luigi Capuano and starring Guy Madison, Ingeborg Schöner and Ivan Desny. In West Germany it was released by Bavaria Film and in the United States by its parent company Columbia Pictures. It was based on a novel by the popular Italian writer Emilio Salgari.

Ivan Desny
Ivan Desny (born Ivan Nikolaevich Desnitsky; Russian: Иван Николаевич Десницкий, 28 December 1922 – 13 April 2002) was a French actor of Russian Chinese origin. He had a lengthy career in French and German cinema, appearing in over 200 film and television roles over 50 years, and was a two-time German Film Award winner.
Computer performance
In computing, computer performance is the amount of useful work accomplished by a computer system. Outside of specific contexts, computer performance is estimated in terms of accuracy, efficiency and speed of executing computer program instructions. When it comes to high computer performance, one or more of the following factors might be involved:

Short response time for a given piece of work.

High throughput (rate of processing work tasks).

Low utilization of computing resources.
Fast (or highly compact) data compression and decompression.

High availability of the computing system or application.

High bandwidth.

Short data transmission time.

Bandwidth (computing)
In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path. Bandwidth may be characterized as network bandwidth, data bandwidth, or digital bandwidth.

This definition of bandwidth contrasts with usage in signal processing, wireless communications, modem data transmission, digital communications, and electronics, in which bandwidth is used to refer to the signal bandwidth measured in hertz, meaning the frequency range between lowest and highest attainable frequency while meeting a well-defined impairment level in signal power. The actual bit rate that can be achieved depends not only on the signal bandwidth but also on the noise on the channel.
St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church (Chicago)
St. Joseph's (Polish: Kościół Świętego Józefa) is a historic church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago located in Chicago, Illinois, at 4821 South Hermitage Avenue. Founded in 1887 with the current church building dating to 1914, Saint Joseph's is a prime example of the Polish Cathedral style of churches in both its opulence and grand scale.  Along with St. John of God and Holy Cross, it is one of three monumental religious edifices that dominates the skyline of the Back of the Yards neighborhood. The parish survived archdiocesan budget cuts in 1990, and, in 2021, was merged with several local churches into a single parish. Today, St. Joseph serves a multicultural community.

New City, Chicago
New City is one of Chicago's 77 official community areas, located on the southwest side of the city in the South Side district. It contains the neighborhoods of Canaryville and Back of the Yards. The boundaries of New City are Pershing Road to the north, Western Avenue/Boulevard and CSX railroad tracks to the west, Norfolk Southern railroad tracks to the east, and Garfield Boulevard to the south.

The area was home to the famous Union Stock Yards from 1865 until it closed in 1971, and the International Amphitheatre from 1934 until it was demolished in 1999.
Phalanx (comics)
The Phalanx are a fictional cybernetic species appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They have come into conflict with the X-Men as well as other groups on several occasions. They form a hive mind, linking each member by a telepathic system.

Group mind (science fiction)
A group mind, group ego, hive mind, mind coalescence, or gestalt intelligence in science fiction is a plot device in which multiple minds, or consciousnesses, are linked into a single collective consciousness or intelligence.
Violette Verdy
Violette Verdy (born Nelly Armande Guillerm; 1 December 1933 – 8 February 2016) was a French ballerina, choreographer, teacher, and writer who worked as a dance company director with the Paris Opera Ballet in France and the Boston Ballet in the United States. From 1958 to 1977 she was a principal dancer with the New York City Ballet where she performed in the world premieres of several works created specifically for her by choreographers George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins. She was Distinguished Professor of Music (Ballet) at the Jacobs School of Music, Indiana University, in Bloomington, and the recipient of two medals from the French government.

New York City Ballet
New York City Ballet (NYCB) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein.  Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. Léon Barzin was the company's first music director.  City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes: the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet, 1934; the American Ballet, 1935, and Ballet Caravan, 1936, which merged into American Ballet Caravan, 1941; and directly from the Ballet Society, 1946.
Interstate 90 in Minnesota
Interstate 90 (I-90) in the US state of Minnesota runs for 276 miles (444 km) across the southern side of the state, parallel to the Iowa state line. The route connects the cities of Worthington, Albert Lea, Austin, and Rochester. The city of Winona is also in close proximity to I-90, with about 10 miles (16 km) between the Interstate and the city.

Winona, Minnesota
Winona (/wɪnˈoʊnə/ win-OH-nə) is a city in and the county seat of Winona County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 25,948 at the 2020 census.  Located in bluff country, otherwise known as the Driftless Area on the Mississippi River, its most noticeable physical landmark is Sugar Loaf. Winona is known as the home of Winona State University, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, and the Minnesota Marine Art Museum.