hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
A61 road
The A61 is a major trunk road in England connecting Derby and Thirsk in North Yorkshire by way of Alfreton, Clay Cross, Chesterfield, Sheffield, Barnsley, Wakefield, Leeds, Harrogate and Ripon. The road is closely paralleled by the M1 motorway between Derby and Leeds.

Barnsley
Barnsley (/ˈbɑːrnzli/ ⓘ) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It is the main settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley and the fourth largest settlement in South Yorkshire. The town's population was 71,422 in 2021, while the wider borough had a population of 244,600 in the 2021 census.

Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Barnsley is located on the M1 corridor between the cities of Sheffield to the south and Wakefield to the north. Doncaster is to the east, Huddersfield to the north-west, and Manchester lies west across the Peak District to which it is connected to via the A628 road.

Barnsley's former industries include linen, coal mining, glass making and textiles. Barnsley's culture is rooted in its industrial heritage and it has a tradition of brass bands, originally created as social clubs by its mining communities.
1988 Schleswig-Holstein state election
The 1988 Schleswig-Holstein state election was held on 8 May 1988 to elect the members of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein. The snap election was called due to the political stalemate that had occurred in the previous state election of 13 September 1987 and also because of the Barschel affair.

The election resulted in SPD winning an absolute majority, so Björn Engholm chose to govern alone without coalition. For the first time in 38 years, CDU had to go into opposition.

1987 Schleswig-Holstein state election
The 1987 Schleswig-Holstein state election was held on 13 September 1987 to elect the members of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein. The election resulted in a deadlock, with both the left-leaning parties (SPD and SSW) had 37 seats, and the right-leaning parties (CDU and FDP) had 37 seats, and concluded with the Barschel affair.
SMS Habicht (1860)
SMS Habicht was a steam gunboat of the Jäger class built for the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s and early 1860s. The ship was ordered as part of a program to strengthen Prussia's coastal defense forces, then oriented against neighboring Denmark. She was armed with a battery of three guns. The ship saw very little activity during her career. She was activated during the Second Schleswig War against Denmark in 1864 and briefly engaged Danish ships in July. She was also commissioned for the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, being used to defend the Prussian coast. She saw no action against French forces in the conflict, however. Habicht largely remained out of service through the 1870s, until she was struck from the naval register in 1877. She was used as a storage hulk for a time in Wilhelmshaven, but details of her eventual disposal are unknown.

Hulk (ship type)
A hulk is a ship that is afloat, but incapable of going to sea. 'Hulk' may be used to describe a ship that has been launched but not completed, an abandoned wreck or shell, or a ship whose propulsion system is no longer maintained or has been removed altogether. The word hulk also may be used as a verb: a ship is "hulked" to convert it to a hulk. The verb was also applied to crews of Royal Navy ships in dock, who were sent to the receiving ship for accommodation, or "hulked". Hulks have a variety of uses such as housing, prisons, salvage pontoons, gambling sites, naval training, or cargo storage.

In the age of sail, many hulls served longer as hulks than they did as functional ships. Wooden ships were often hulked when the hull structure became too old and weak to withstand the stresses of sailing.

More recently, ships have been hulked when they become obsolete or when they become uneconomical to operate.
Dolinsk, Sakhalin Oblast
Dolinsk (Russian: Долинск; Japanese: 落合, Hepburn: Ochiai-chō) is a town and the administrative center of Dolinsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located in the southeast of the Sakhalin Island in the valley of the Naiba River and its tributaries, about 45 kilometers (28 mi) north of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) from the coast of the Terpeniye Bay of the Sea of Okhotsk.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian: Ю́жно-Сахали́нск, IPA: [ˈjuʐnə səxɐˈlʲinsk] ⓘ, lit. 'South Sakhalin city') is a city and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East, north of Japan. Gas and oil extraction as well as processing are amongst the main industries on the island. The city was called Vladimirovka (Влади́мировка) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara (Japanese: 豊原市, Hepburn: Toyohara-shi) during its period of Imperial Japanese control from 1905 to 1946. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 181,587.
Faiz Hameed
Faiz Hameed HI(M) (Punjabi and Urdu: فیض حمید) is a retired military officer of the Pakistan Army who served as the 29th Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence from 2019 to 2021. He was formerly commissioned in the Baloch Regiment having served as GOC 16th Infantry Division Pano Akil. He last served as Commander of the XXXI Corps before taking premature retirement on 10 December 2022. In August 2024, he was arrested and court-martialed by the Pakistan Army on charges of indulging in politics, violating the Official Secrets Act and abuse of authority. Hameed became the first DG-ISI in Pakistan's history to have been court-martialed. After a closed-door trial that lasted for almost 15 months, he was sentenced in December 2025 to 14 years of imprisonment.

Official Secrets Act (Pakistan)
The Official Secrets Act of 1923 is a law in Pakistan that traces its origins back to the British colonial era in India. Enacted during that time to protect state secrets and maintain the security of the British Empire, the Act continues to be in force in present-day Pakistan.
Spurilia gens
The gens Spurilia, sometimes spelled Spurillia, was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Hardly any members of this gens are mentioned by ancient writers, for the Spurilius mentioned in some manuscripts of Livy as tribune of the plebs in 422 BC is amended by some authorities to "Spurius Icilius", while it is uncertain whether the moneyer who issued denarii in 139 BC was named Spurius, Spurilius, or Spurinna.  Nevertheless, a number of Spurilii are known from inscriptions.

Denarius
The denarius (Latin: [deːˈnaːriʊs]; pl.: dēnāriī, Latin: [deːˈnaːriiː]) was the standard Roman silver coin from its introduction in the Second Punic War c. 211 BC to the reign of Gordian III (AD 238–244), when it was gradually replaced by the antoninianus. It continued to be minted in very small quantities, likely for ceremonial purposes, until and through the Tetrarchy (293–313).: 87

The word dēnārius is derived from the Latin dēnī "containing ten", as its value was originally of 10 assēs. The word for "money" descends from it in Italian (denaro), Slovene (denar), Portuguese (dinheiro), and Spanish (dinero). Its name also survives in the dinar currency.

Its symbol is represented in Unicode as 𐆖 (U+10196), a numeral monogram that appeared on the obverse in the Republican period, denoting the 10 asses ("X") to 1 denarius ("I") conversion rate.
John Edward Belliveau
John Edward Belliveau (1913 – 1998) was a Canadian writer and journalist from Moncton, New Brunswick, particularly known for his 1956 book The Coffin Murder Case concerning the Coffin affair. Belliveau's articles were published in various newspapers in Canada such as the Moncton Transcript, the Windsor Star, the Toronto Star, and the Star Weekly.

Coffin affair
The Coffin affair was an event in Canadian history in which a man named Wilbert Coffin was hanged for the murder of three men. The affair started in June 1953 in Gaspésie when three men from Pennsylvania were reported missing. Their bodies were found a month later deep in the woods 60 km (37 mi) from the nearest town.
Cataclismo
Cataclismo is a 2025 real-time strategy tower defense video game developed by Digital Sun and published by Hooded Horse. The player is tasked with collecting resources and constructing a stronghold using a building system inspired by Lego during daytime, while defending against large hordes of enemies at night. It entered early access in July 2024 for Windows and was released in full on March 20, 2025.

Hooded Horse
Hooded Horse is an American video game publisher founded in 2019. Based in Dallas, Texas, the company is most known for publishing tactical and strategic games such as Against the Storm, Old World, Manor Lords, and 9 Kings.
2016 US Open Series
In tennis, the 2016 US Open Series (known as Emirates Airline US Open Series for sponsorship reasons) was the thirteenth edition of the US Open Series, which included a group of hard court tournaments that started on July 18, 2016 in Stanford and concluded in Connecticut for the women and in Winston Salem for the men on August 27, 2016. This edition consisted of three separate men's tournaments and three women's tournaments, with the Western & Southern Open hosting both a men's and women's event. The series was headlined by two ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and two WTA Premier 5 events.

US Open Series
The US Open Series was the name given by the United States Tennis Association (USTA) to a series of North American professional tennis tournaments leading up to and including the US Open. It was part of the "North American hard-court season".
Kris Bankston
Kristeon Lamar Bankston (born June 11, 1999) is an American professional basketball player who plays forward and center for Türk Telekom of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL) and the EuroCup. He attended the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, and played basketball for the Little Rock Trojans.  As a sophomore in 2018–19 he led the NCAA in two-point field goal percentage percentage at 82.0%. He transferred to Norfolk State University, where he played for the Norfolk State Sparts. In 2021–22 he had a .711 two-point field goal percentage, leading the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. In July 2023, he played for the Minnesota Timberwolves' NBA Summer League team. In 2023, he played with Aris Midea Thessaloniki in the Greek Basket League, and with Hapoel Be'er Sheva.

Basketbol Süper Ligi
The Basketball Super League (Turkish: Basketbol Süper Ligi; TBSL), also known as the Türkiye Sigorta Basketbol Süper Ligi for sponsorship reasons, is the top men's professional basketball division of the Turkish basketball league system. It replaced the former Turkish Basketball Championship (1946–1967) to become the Turkish Basketball League (TBL) until 2015 when it adopted its current name while the TBL name became exclusive to the second-tier and third-tier divisions.

The BSL is administered by the Turkish Basketball Federation (TBF) and is contested by 16 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the second-tier TBL and replaced by the top two teams of that division.

Since the league's restructuring in 1966, 11 clubs have been crowned champions, with Anadolu Efes winning the title a record 16 times and Fenerbahçe 12 times. In recent years, Fenerbahçe won 11 titles out of 17 from the 2006–07 season onward.
Nadjim Manseur
Nadjim Manseur (Arabic: نجيم منصر; born June 8, 1988, in Béjaïa) is an Algerian middle-distance runner, who specialized in the 800 metres. In 2008, he set his personal best time of 1:44.75, by finishing fourth at the sixth meet of the AF Golden League in Rome, Italy.

Manseur represented Algeria at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed for the men's 800 metres, along with his compatriot Nabil Madi. He finished eighth in the final round of this event by more than a second behind Madi, outside his personal best of 1:47.19.

Nabil Madi
Nabil Madi (born 9 June 1981) is an Algerian middle-distance runner who specializes in the 800 metres.

He finished fourth at the 2006 African Championships. He also competed at the 2004 Olympic Games and the 2007 World Championships without reaching the final.

His personal best time is 1:44.54 minutes, achieved in July 2007 in Heusden-Zolder. In the 1500 metres he has 3:34.74 minutes, achieved in June 2008 in Rabat.

Nabil Madi is now athletics coach in Algeria working with middle-distance runner Slimane Moula.
Amar Nath Bhaduri
Amar Nath Bhaduri (12 November 1935 – 6 June 2003) was an Indian molecular enzymologist and chemical biologist, known for his studies on UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, a homodimeric epimerase found in cells and his work on Leishmania donovani, the protozoal pathogen for Kala-azar. He was the director of the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata and an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy and the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1978, for his contributions to biological sciences.

Indian Academy of Sciences
The Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore was founded by Indian Physicist and Nobel Laureate C. V. Raman, and was registered as a society on 27 April 1934. Inaugurated on 31 July 1934, it began with 65 founding fellows. The first general meeting of Fellows, held on the same day, elected Raman as president, and adopted the constitution of the Academy.
Structural violence
Structural violence is a form of violence wherein some social structure or social institution may harm people by preventing them from meeting their basic needs or rights.

The term was coined by Norwegian sociologist Johan Galtung, who introduced it in his 1969 article "Violence, Peace, and Peace Research". Some examples of structural violence as proposed by Galtung include institutionalized racism, sexism, and classism, among others. Structural violence and direct violence are said to be highly interdependent, including family violence, gender violence, hate crimes, racial violence, police violence, state violence, terrorism, and war. It is very closely linked to social injustice insofar as it affects people differently in various social structures.

Ethnic conflict
An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more ethnic groups.  While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic group's position within society. This criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle.

Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thought: primordialist, instrumentalist or constructivist. Recently, some have argued for either top-down or bottom-up explanations for ethnic conflict. Intellectual debate has also focused on whether ethnic conflict has become more prevalent since the end of the Cold War, and on devising ways of managing conflicts, through instruments such as consociationalism and federalisation.
Bill Fuller (footballer)
Bill Fuller (born 6 April 1944) is an English former footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace as a defender. He also played non-league football for Wellington Town, 
Margate and Bexley United.

Bexley United F.C.
Bexley United Football Club was a football club based in Welling.

A club of the same name played in the Kent League before the war, before merging with Bexley.
It was resurrected as Bexleyheath and Welling in about 1952 following a local campaign, and joined the Kent League.

In 1959, the club was elected to the Southern Football League Division One. It gained promotion to the Southern League Premier Division in 1961 and also won the Kent Senior Cup for the only time. In 1963, the team changed its name to Bexley United.

Four seasons after promotion into the Premier Division, Bexley found itself relegated back into Division One, staying there for the rest of the club's life, except for a move into the Division One South when the league structure was altered. At that point, the club got into financial trouble and never truly recovered. Bexley played its final game in April 1976 in front of 222 spectators.
Metalocalypse: Army of the Doomstar
Metalocalypse: Army of the Doomstar is a 2023 American direct-to-video adult animated fantasy film based on the Adult Swim animated series Metalocalypse. The film is written and directed by series co-creator Brendon Small and is a direct sequel to the 2013 special, Metalocalypse: The Doomstar Requiem. The film was released on August 22, 2023, alongside Dethklok's fourth studio album, Dethalbum IV. The film was dedicated to longtime series director, Jon Schnepp, who died in 2018 before production began.

The film is the third and final of Adult Swim's line of straight-to-video movies after Aqua Teen Forever: Plantasm and The Venture Bros.: Radiant Is the Blood of the Baboon Heart, and was released by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment.

The film picks up after the events of the Metalocalypse: The Doomstar Requiem special, with Dethklok tasked to write the "song of salvation" in order to save the planet from impending doom, and serves as the series finale to the Metalocalypse.

Brendon Small
Brendon Small (born February 15, 1975) is an American actor, stand-up comedian, writer, director, producer, and musician who is known for co-creating the animated series Home Movies (1999–2004, with Loren Bouchard) and Metalocalypse (2006–2013, with Tommy Blacha). He also writes the music, and is the main performer for the fictional melodic death metal band Dethklok, which began as the subject of Metalocalypse but has taken on a life of its own, with four albums and an occasional live touring band, headed by Small. Small has also released two albums under his own name, in a similar musical style to Dethklok.
Volvo S80
The Volvo S80 is an executive car produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1998 to 2016 across two generations. It took the place of the rear-wheel-drive S90 as Volvo's flagship sedan.

The first generation (1998–2006) was made available for the 1999 model year. It has since been built at the Torslanda Works in Gothenburg, Sweden, with a few 1999 model year cars for the North American market built at Volvo's Halifax Assembly plant. Unlike most Volvo models, it did not have a station wagon version for its first generation.

The second generation (2006–2016) was released in 2006 as a model year 2007 car. It has an estate version, the third generation of the Volvo V70. In June 2007, the S80 scored the highest "good" rating in the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) crash test performance for frontal, side, and rear impacts, earning it the IIHS Top Safety Pick.

The model was replaced by the second generation S90 in the later half of 2016.

Volvo 900 Series
The Volvo 900 Series is a range of executive cars produced by the Swedish manufacturer Volvo Cars from 1990 to 1998. The 900 Series was introduced in 1990 to replace the 700 Series from which it derived. Prior to the end of its production, the 960 was renamed as the Volvo S90 (saloon) and Volvo V90 (estate), and the 940 was renamed 940 Classic, becoming the last rear-wheel-drive cars from Volvo, until the 2023 Volvo XC40 Recharge Pure Electric.

Visible differences between the 700 and the 900 Series included redesigned rear styling of the saloon models (late 700 estates and early 900 estates are visually identical). The 960 was introduced in 1991 along with a new family of modular engines, and then was substantially revised for the 1995 model year, improving the handling. The range was augmented by the new Volvo 850 in 1991. The last of the 900s was sold in 1998. Some 900 Series were built as chassis for ambulances and hearses after the main production run had been completed.
Sergei Tretyakov (scientist)
Sergei Anatolyevich Tretyakov (Russian: Серге́й Анато́льевич Третьяко́в, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej ɐnɐˈtolʲjɪvʲɪtɕ trʲɪtʲjɪˈkof] ⓘ; born in 1956) is a Russian-Finnish scientist, focused in electromagnetic field theory, complex media electromagnetics and microwave engineering. He is currently a professor at Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University (former Helsinki University of Technology), Finland. His main research area in recent years is metamaterials and metasurfaces from fundamentals to applications. He was the president of the European Virtual Institute for Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Metamaterials ("Metamorphose VI") and general chair of the Metamaterials Congresses from 2007 to 2013. He is a fellow/member of many scientific associations such as IEEE, URSI, the Electromagnetics Academy, and OSA. He is also an Honorary Doctor of Francisk Skorina Gomel State University.

John Pendry
Sir John Brian Pendry, FRS HonFInstP (born 4 July 1943) is an English theoretical physicist known for his research into metamaterials and creation of the first practical "Invisibility Cloak". He is a professor of theoretical solid state physics at Imperial College London where he was head of the department of physics (1998–2001) and principal of the faculty of physical sciences (2001–2002). He is an honorary fellow of Downing College, Cambridge, (where he was an undergraduate) and an IEEE fellow. He received the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience "for transformative contributions to the field of nano-optics that have broken long-held beliefs about the limitations of the resolution limits of optical microscopy and imaging.", together with Stefan Hell, and Thomas Ebbesen, in 2014.
13th Government of Slovenia
The 13th Government of Slovenia was elected on 13 September 2018 by the 8th National Assembly. It is the first minority government in the history of Slovenia. On 27 January 2020, following the resignation of the Minister of Finance Andrej Bertoncelj, Prime Minister Marjan Šarec announced his resignation. The National Assembly was informed on the same day following which the term of the 13th Government ended. Šarec is the third consecutive and in total fourth Prime Minister to resign, before him Miro Cerar, Alenka Bratušek and Janez Drnovšek resigned as well, the latter due to being elected President of the Republic. The 13th Government is the fifth consecutive and eighth government in total to not finish its term.

Alenka Bratušek
Alenka Bratušek (pronounced [aˈleːŋka ˈbɾaːtuʃək]; born 31 March 1970) is a Slovenian politician, who was the Prime Minister of Slovenia from March 2013 until May 2014 as the first woman in Slovenia to hold this position. She was president pro tempore of the Positive Slovenia party from January 2013 until April 2014. On 5 May 2014, Bratušek submitted her resignation as prime minister.

Bratušek took office as Minister of Infrastructure in 2018 and served until 2020. She returned to the role in 2023.
Contemporary Economic Policy
Contemporary Economic Policy is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Western Economic Association International, along with Economic Inquiry. The current editor-in-chief is Brad R. Humphreys (West Virginia University). The journal was established in 1982 as Contemporary Policy Issues.

According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2013 impact factor is 0.482, ranking it 234 out of 332 journals in the category "Economics".

Economic Inquiry
Economic Inquiry is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Western Economic Association International. The current editor-in-chief is Tim Salmon (Southern Methodist University). The journal was established in 1962 as the Western Economic Journal. It covers research on all aspects of economics. According to the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), its two-year 2018 impact factor is 1.406, ranking it 145th out of 621 journals in the category "Economics and Econometrics".