hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carla Bazzanella
Carla Bazzanella (6 August 1947 – 1 July 2022) was an Italian linguist.

Bazzanella was born in Turin. After graduating in classics from the University of Turin in 1971, Carla Bazzanella became a lecturer and researcher at the University of Pavia. She held this post from 1976 to 1983. After that she moved back to Turin, and taught glottology and philosophy of language until 1998. Since 2001, she had been an associate professor of linguistics at the University of Turin, where she taught both general linguistics and cognitive linguistics. She retired in 2012, but was active in the academic debate.

Bazzanella was a contributor to Journal of Pragmatics, Pragmatics and Cognition, and Language Sciences. She was also a member of the Società di Linguistica Italiana, the Associazione Italiana di Scienze Cognitive, and the International Pragmatics Association.

Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.
Society of Chemical Manufacturers and Affiliates
The Society of Chemical Manufacturers and Affiliates, is an international trade association that represents the interests of the batch, custom and specialty chemical industry.  According to the organization's charter, SAC-MO stated mission is to "accelerat[e] the potential for members' growth," "increase[e] public confidence in the batch, custom and specialty chemical industry," and "influenc[e] the passage of rational laws and regulations."

Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, the chemical industry converts raw materials (oil, natural gas, air, water, metals, and minerals) into commodity chemicals for industrial and consumer products. It includes industries for petrochemicals such as polymers for plastics and synthetic fibers; inorganic chemicals such as acids and alkalis; agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides; and other categories such as industrial gases, speciality chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

Various professionals are involved in the chemical industry including chemical engineers, chemists and lab technicians.
Melchior Franck
Melchior Franck (c. 1579 – 1 June 1639) was a German composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras.  He was a hugely prolific composer of Lutheran church music, especially motets, and assisted in bringing the stylistic innovations of the Venetian School north across the Alps into Germany.

Motet
In Western classical music, a motet is mainly a vocal musical composition, of highly diverse form and style, from high medieval music to the present. The motet was one of the preeminent polyphonic forms of Renaissance music. According to the English musicologist Margaret Bent, "a piece of music in several parts with words" is as precise a definition of the motet as will serve from the 13th to the late 16th century and beyond. The late 13th-century theorist Johannes de Grocheo believed that the motet was "not to be celebrated in the presence of common people, because they do not notice its subtlety, nor are they delighted in hearing it, but in the presence of the educated and of those who are seeking out subtleties in the arts".
Vernita Gray
Vernita Gray (December 8, 1948 – March 18, 2014) was an African-American lesbian and women's liberation activist from the beginning of those movements in Chicago. She began her writing career publishing in the newsletter Lavender Woman. After owning and operating her own restaurant for almost a decade, Gray became the LGBT liaison for the Cook County State's Attorney's office. In 2013, she and her partner became the first same-sex partners to wed in Illinois.

Cook County State's Attorney
The Cook County State's Attorney is the chief prosecutor for Cook County, Illinois. The State's Attorney oversees the second-largest prosecutor's office in the United States, with over 600 attorneys and 1,200 employees. The office's responsibilities include directing Illinois criminal prosecutions in the county, filing legal actions to enforce child support orders, consumer protection, and assistance for victims of domestic violence.

The State's Attorney is elected for a term of four years. The current incumbent is Eileen O'Neill Burke, who was first elected in 2024.
Mike Tomlinson
Sir Michael John Tomlinson CBE (born 17 October 1942 in Rotherham), known as Mike Tomlinson, is an educationalist, formerly a teacher and Her Majesty’s Chief Inspector of Education, Children’s Services and Skills. He also chaired the Working Group for 14–19 Reform which was cited when he was knighted in 2005.

He was known as "the safest pair of hands in English education".

Rotherham
Rotherham (/ˈrɒðərəm/ ⓘ RODH-ər-əm) is a market town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies at the confluence of the River Rother, from which the town gets its name,  and the River Don. It is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham.

Before the Industrial Revolution, traditional industries included farming, glass making and flour milling. In the late 18th and 19th centuries, Rotherham became known for its coal mining and, later, steel industries. The town's historic county is Yorkshire, and Rotherham was once part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1974, this administrative county was abolished during a reorganisation of local government. Subsequently, Rotherham became part of the county of South Yorkshire, where it makes up one of four metropolitan boroughs.

Rotherham had a population of 109,691 in the 2011 census. The borough had a 2024 population of 276,595, the 64th most populous district in England.
Napoleon II, the Eaglet
Napoleon II, the Eaglet (French: Napoléon II, l'Aiglon) is a 1961 French historical drama film directed by Claude Boissol  and starring Bernard Verley, Jean Marais and Danièle Gaubert. The scenario was written by Paul Andréota and based on a novel of André Castelot. The film's sets were designed by the art director Wolf Witzemann.

Danielle Gaubert
Danielle Gaubert (9 August 1943 – 4 November 1987) was a French actress.

Born in Nuars, Danielle Gaubert was discovered at 16 years old by Claude Autant-Lara, who chose her for the film Les régates de San Francisco, and soon after appeared in a number of German and Italian productions, including Flight from Ashiya (1964), The Golden Claws of the Cat Girl (1968), Camille 2000 (1969) and Underground (1970). In 1963 she married Radhamés Trujillo Martínez, a son of the Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo, but they divorced in 1968.

During the shooting of her last movie Snow Job, she met the ski champion Jean-Claude Killy, whom she married in 1972. She left show business and had a daughter. At the age of 44, she died of cancer.
Hermosa Creek
Hermosa Creek is a tributary of the Animas River in San Juan and La Plata counties in Colorado. The creek rises near Hermosa Peak in San Juan County, Colorado and then flows generally south to La Plata County and to its confluence with the Animas River in Hermosa.

La Plata County, Colorado
La Plata County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 55,638. The county seat is Durango. The county was named for the La Plata River and the La Plata Mountains.  "La plata" means "the silver" in Spanish. La Plata County comprises the Durango, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county is home to Durango Rock Shelters Archeology Site, the type site for the Basketmaker II period of Anasazi culture.
Proto-prog
Proto-prog (short for proto-progressive) is the earliest work associated with the first wave of progressive rock music, known then as "progressive pop". Such musicians were influenced by modern classical and other genres usually outside of traditional rock influences. They often employed longer and more complicated compositions, interconnected songs as medley, and studio composition. Some of the artists that were essential to the development of progressive rock, rather than just anticipating the movement, include the Beatles, the Beach Boys, the Doors, The Mothers of Invention, the Pretty Things, the Zombies, the Byrds, the Grateful Dead and Pink Floyd.

The Zombies
The Zombies are an English rock band formed in St Albans in 1962. Led by keyboardist/vocalist Rod Argent and lead vocalist Colin Blunstone, the group had their first British and American hit in 1964 with "She's Not There". In the US, two further singles—"Tell Her No" in 1965 and "Time of the Season" in 1968—were also successful.

Their 1968 album Odessey and Oracle was ranked number 100 on Rolling Stone's 2012 list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and number 243 on Rolling Stone's 2020 list. The Zombies were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019.
Rigidity theory (physics)
In physics, rigidity theory, or topological constraint theory, is a tool for predicting properties of complex networks (such as glasses) based on their composition. It was introduced by James Charles Phillips and refined by Michael Thorpe.

This theory reduces complex molecular networks to nodes (atoms, molecules, proteins, etc.) constrained by rods (chemical constraints), thus filtering out microscopic details that ultimately don't affect macroscopic properties.

Rigidity theory applied to the molecular networks arising from phenotypical expression of certain diseases may provide insights regarding their structure and function.

Michael Thorpe
Michael Thorpe (born March 12, 1944) is an English-American physicist and Foundation Professor of Physics at Arizona State University.  He received his D. Phil from Oxford University in 1968  in condensed matter physics under supervision of Sir Roger James Elliott.  His early research was on network glasses, but has recently focused on applying his knowledge to the study of protein dynamics.

In 2003, Thorpe joined Arizona State University from Michigan State University. His research interests are in the theory of disordered systems, with a special emphasis on properties that are determined by geometry and topology. He has a research background in condensed matter theory, and in recent years has developed the mathematical theory of flexibility and mobility for use in network glasses.
Richard Perkins (politician)
Richard Perkins (born in 1961) is an American politician and former police officer. He served as a Democratic member of the Nevada Assembly from 1992 to 2006 representing District 23, covering parts of Henderson. Perkins served as floor leader from 1995 to 2001 and as Speaker of the Assembly from 2001 to 2006. He served as chief of police for the Henderson Police Department from 2006-2008.

Henderson, Nevada
Henderson is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, about 16 miles (26 km) southeast of  Las Vegas. It is the 2nd most populous city in Nevada, after Las Vegas, with 317,610 residents as of the 2020 census. The city is part of the Las Vegas Valley.

Henderson is notable for its extensive system of outdoor recreation facilities, including over 220 miles (350 km) of trails and 72 parks.

Incorporated in 1953, Henderson was originally known for its role in magnesium production during World War II. Since then, it has grown rapidly through the development of master planned communities starting with the large Green Valley neighborhood, redevelopment and reinvestment after the PEPCON disaster, and the city government's historically proactive planning and management.
Murder of the Notorious B.I.G.
On March 9, 1997, 24-year-old American rapper Christopher Wallace, known professionally as the Notorious B.I.G., was murdered in a drive-by shooting. He was pronounced dead at 1:15 AM. in Los Angeles, California. Prior to the event, Wallace promoted his second studio album Life After Death, and attended an after-party in Los Angeles instead of taking a scheduled trip to London.

In 2007, Wallace's mother, Voletta Wallace; his widow, Faith Evans; and his children, T'yanna Jackson and C. J. Wallace, filed a $400 million wrongful death lawsuit against the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) alleging that corrupt officers were responsible for Wallace's death. Retired LAPD officer Greg Kading alleged that Suge Knight, the head of Death Row Records, orchestrated the murder in revenge for the September 1996 murder of Tupac Shakur in a similar drive-by shooting.

Greg Kading
Gregory James Kading (born May 1, 1963) is a Canadian-American author and former Los Angeles Police Department detective best known for working on a multi law-enforcement task force that investigated the murders of rappers Tupac Shakur and the Notorious B.I.G. in the mid-2000s. Many credit Kading and his LAPD task force for the 2023 arrest of Duane ‘Keefe D’ Davis for the September 1996 murder of Tupac.
Manveen Rana
Manveen Rana (born 25 July 1980) is a senior broadcast journalist who has hosted the Times Radio podcast Stories of our times, now called The Story since March 2020. She formerly worked for the BBC as a reporter for the Today programme.

She was born in London to a Sikh family of Indian origin. She studied Politics and Economics at Durham University, and was President of the Durham Union during Epiphany term of 2001.

Rana worked at The Sunday Telegraph and The Daily Telegraph (2001–03); as a researcher at BBC Radio 4 (2003–05); and a journalist at the same station from 2005, during which she worked on various news programmes, including The World at One. She was part of the team that exposed links between the controversial PR firm Bell Pottinger and the Gupta family in South Africa, and joined Today in 2018.

Rana hosts a daily podcast as part of the launch of Times Radio, a talk radio venture of The Times newspaper.

Times Radio
Times Radio is a British digital radio station owned by News UK, part of the Murdoch media empire. It is jointly operated by News Broadcasting (which News UK acquired in 2016, when it was known as Wireless Group), The Times and The Sunday Times.

As of June 2024, the station has a weekly audience of 478,000, according to RAJAR.
Nosiola
Nosiola (or Groppello bianco) is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Trentino region north of Lake Garda in the Valle dei Laghi. Here it is used in varietal Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) wines and as a blending component in wines such as Sorni Bianco from Trento. It is also used to produce a dessert wine in the Vin Santo style from grapes that have been allowed to dry out prior to fermentation.

Fermentation in winemaking
The process of  fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage. During fermentation, yeasts transform sugars present in the juice into ethanol and carbon dioxide (as a by-product). In winemaking, the temperature and speed of fermentation are important considerations as well as the levels of oxygen present in the must at the start of the fermentation. The risk of stuck fermentation and the development of several wine faults can also occur during this stage, which can last anywhere from 5 to 14 days for primary fermentation and potentially another 5 to 10 days for a secondary fermentation. Fermentation may be done in stainless steel tanks, which is common with many white wines like Riesling, in an open wooden vat, inside a wine barrel and inside the wine bottle itself as in the production of many sparkling wines.
Konda language (Dravidian)
Konda-Dhora, also known simply as Konda or Kubi (IPA: [koɳɖa, kuːbi]) , is a Dravidian language spoken in India. It is spoken by the Konda-Dora scheduled tribe, who mostly live in the Parvathipiram Manyam district of Andhra Pradesh, and the Koraput district of Odisha.

Konda-Dhora is written in the Telugu script in Andhra Pradesh, and in the Odia script in Odisha. Indian linguist Sathupati Prasanna Sree designed a unique script for the language, although it is unclear how widespread this system is. Most Konda-Dora people are fluent in Telugu in Andhra Pradesh, and Odia in Odisha, because of economic pressures to integrate into the larger economies and dominant cultures.

Manda language (India)
Manda (IPA: [maːɳɖɐ]) is a Dravidian language of Odisha, spoken in the highlands of Thuamul Rampur block of Kalahandi district. It only became known to Western academia in 1964. Its speakers are generally known as 'Khond Parjas' by outsiders but self-identify as Manda Khonds. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the language was spoken in around 60 villages and the total number of speakers was estimated to be at 4000-5000. However the language is facing endangerment from Odia, which all speakers are bilingual in.

A dictionary of Manda was published in 2009.
Stockport Islands
The uninhabited Stockport Islands are members of the Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. They are located in Bathurst Inlet, east of Daniel Moore Bay, and south of Lewes Island.

Stockport Islands are named after Stockport, a large town in Greater Manchester, England, where the European explorers were born and raised.

Qannuyak
Qannuyak formerly Lewes Island is an uninhabited island within the Arctic Archipelago in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut. It is located in Bathurst Inlet. Other islands in the vicinity include Qikiqtaryuaq, Galena Island, Marcet Island, Patsy Klengenberg Island, and Walrus Island.
1/1st Hertfordshire Yeomanry
The 1/1st Hertfordshire Yeomanry was the active service unit formed by the Hertfordshire Yeomanry during World War I. It was sent to garrison Egypt and then served dismounted in the Gallipoli Campaign. On return to Egypt it was engaged in the Senussi Campaign in the Western Desert. The regiment was then split into independent squadrons acting as divisional cavalry to different infantry divisions. These served in  Palestine, on the Western Front and in Mesopotamia, where one of its squadrons were the first troops to enter Baghdad. Later in the war two of the squadrons fought alongside each other in XXI Corps Cavalry Regiment during the final victory in Palestine and the advance into Syria, while the other operated with the North Persia Force and on peacekeeping duties in India.

North Persia Force
The North Persia Force (Norper force) was a British military force that operated in Northern Persia from 1918 to 1920. Following the British abandonment of Baku on the night of 14 September 1918, Major General Lionel Dunsterville evacuated the forces under his command, known as the Dunsterforce, in the dead of night, arriving in Bandar-e Anzali the following day. Two days later he was relieved of command, that position being taken by Major General W. M. Thomson.
Terry Pratchett's Going Postal
Terry Pratchett's Going Postal is a two-part television film adaptation of Going Postal by Terry Pratchett, adapted by Richard Kurti and Bev Doyle and produced by The Mob, which was first broadcast on Sky1, and in high definition on Sky1 HD, at the end of May 2010.

It is the third in a series of adaptations, following Terry Pratchett's Hogfather and Terry Pratchett's The Colour of Magic. It was announced as part of an investment of at least £10 million into adaptations of novels, including Chris Ryan's Strike Back and Skellig by David Almond. Filming began in May 2009 in Budapest. As is now traditional with The Mob's Discworld adaptations, several fans were invited to appear as extras.

Terry Pratchett's Hogfather
Terry Pratchett's Hogfather is a 2006 two-part British Christmas-themed fantasy comedy television adaptation of Hogfather by Terry Pratchett, produced by The Mob, and first broadcast on Sky1, and in High Definition on Sky1 HD, over Christmas 2006. First aired in two 1.5-hour episodes on 17 and 18 December 2006 at 20:00 UTC, it was the first live-action film adaptation of a Discworld novel. In 2007, the two episodes were rerun on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day respectively on Sky One and Sky1 HD.

Hogfather won the Best Visual Effects award at the 2007 British Academy Television Craft Awards.
Uapaca bojeri
Uapaca bojeri, or tapia (Malagasy pronunciation: ta-pee), is a tree species endemic to Madagascar. A characteristic element of the Madagascan flora, it occurs in the central highlands, where it dominates a type of sclerophyllous forest or woodland. Tapia forest has a high ecological value due to the fauna, flora, and funga it harbours, and is of economic interest to the local population, e.g. for collection of tapia fruits, firewood, mushrooms or wild silkworms, and hunting. Local impact through fire and cutting is seen as a form of sustainable use however tapia woodlands are now found only in scattered, isolated stands totaling at most 132,255 ha. Native woody vegetation of the central highlands is increasingly replaced by grasslands, primarily due to increased fire frequency as areas are burned annually.

Central Highlands (Madagascar)
The Central Highlands, Central High Plateau, or Hautes-Terres are a mountainous biogeographical region in central Madagascar. They include the contiguous part of the island's interior above 800 m (2,600 ft) elevation. The Central Highlands are separated from the Northern Highlands of the northern tip of Madagascar by a low-lying valley, the Mandritsara Window, which has apparently acted as a barrier to dispersal for species in the highlands, leading to species pairs such as Voalavo gymnocaudus and Voalavo antsahabensis in the Northern and Central Highlands. Species restricted to the Central Highlands include the bats Miniopterus manavi and Miniopterus sororculus; the rodents Brachyuromys betsileoensis and Voalavo antsahabensis; the tenrecs Hemicentetes nigriceps and Oryzorictes tetradactylus; and the lemur Cheirogaleus sibreei. Because of the continuous habitat of the Central Highlands, there is little local endemism, unlike the Northern Highlands.
Westruther
Westruther is a village on the B6465, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, on the lower slopes of the Lammermuir Hills, in the former Berwickshire. The largest town nearby is Gordon.

Places nearby include Duns, Greenlaw, the Lammermuir Hills, Longformacus and the Watch Water Reservoir.

The ruined kirk dates from 1649 and contains the tombs of the Spottiswoode family. A prominent member of the family was Alicia Ann Spottiswoode a.k.a. Lady John Scott of "Annie Laurie" fame. There is a stained glass window in her honour in the "new" kirk dating from 1834.

Very Rev William Wilson (1808-1888) Moderator of the General Assembly of the 
Free Church of Scotland in 1866 was born and raised in the village.

Westruther was the name of the Spottiswoode family home, taken down between the First and Second World War.

Lammermuir Hills
The Lammermuirs are a range of hills in southern Scotland, forming a natural boundary between East Lothian and the Borders. The name Lammermuir comes from the Old English lambra mōr, meaning "moorland of the lambs".