hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Education in emergencies and conflict areas
Education in emergencies and conflict areas is the process of teaching and promoting quality education for children, youth, and adults in crisis-affected areas. Such emergency settings include: conflicts, pandemics and disasters caused by natural hazards. Strengthened education systems protects children and youth from attack, abuse, and exploitation, supports peace-building, and provides physical and psychological safety to children. In times of crisis, education helps build resilience and social cohesion across communities, and is fundamental to sustained recovery.

Youth
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood (maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having sexual relations.

Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they still rely on their family emotionally and economically.
Sanguisorba canadensis
Sanguisorba canadensis, the white burnet or Canadian burnet, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae, native to North America. This herbaceous perennial commonly grows in bogs, swamps, and roadsides from Labrador to Georgia. It grows four to five feet (1.2 to 1.5 m) tall, with creamy white flowers in cylindrical spikes, appearing from summer into autumn.

Unlike its close relatives, Sanguisorba officinalis (great burnet) and Sanguisorba minor (salad burnet), the leaves must be cooked to be eaten, in order to remove the bitterness.

Sanguisorba officinalis
Sanguisorba officinalis, commonly known as great burnet, is a plant in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. It is native throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America.

Sanguisorba officinalis is an important food plant for the European large blue butterflies Phengaris nausithous and P. teleius.
G. S. Shivarudrappa
Guggari Shanthaveerappa Shivarudrappa (7 February 1926 – 23 December 2013), or colloquially GSS, was an Indian Kannada poet, writer, and researcher who was awarded the title of Rashtrakavi (national poet) by the Government of Karnataka in 2006.

Government of Karnataka
The Government of Karnataka, abbreviated as GoK or GoKA, formerly known as  Government of Mysore (1956–1974), is a democratically elected state body with the governor as the ceremonial head to govern the Southwest Indian state of Karnataka. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and on the advice of the chief minister appoints their council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and their council of ministers in whom a great amount of legislative powers are vested.
Ink (upcoming film)
Ink is an upcoming British biographical drama film directed by Danny Boyle from a screenplay by James Graham adapted from his own stage play of the same name. The film stars Guy Pearce, Jack O'Connell, and Claire Foy.

James Graham (playwright)
James Graham OBE FRSL (born 8 July 1982) is a British playwright and screenwriter. His work has been staged throughout the UK and internationally, at theatres including the Bush, Soho Theatre, Clwyd Theatr Cymru, Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool and the National Theatre.
Annie Saumont
Annie Saumont (1927 – 31 January 2017) was a French short story writer and English to French translator.

Saumont started as a specialist in English literature and an English to French translator. She has translated books by V.S. Naipaul, Nadine Gordimer and John Fowles among others.

Saumont is best known for her many collections of short stories. She published books of short stories over a period of over thirty years, and won a number of prizes for her work, including the 1981 Prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle for Quelquefois dans les cérémonies, the 1989 SGDL Short Story prize for Je suis pas un camion, and the 1993 Renaissance Short Story Prize for  Les voilà quel bonheur.

V. S. Naipaul
Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul FRAS TC (/ˈvɪdjɑːdər ˌsuːrədʒprəˈsɑːd ˈnaɪpɔːl, naɪˈpɔːl/; 17 August 1932 – 11 August 2018) was a Trinidad and Tobago-born British writer renowned for his work of fiction and nonfiction in English. He is known for his comic early novels set in Trinidad, his bleaker novels of alienation in the wider world, and his vigilant chronicles of life and travels. He wrote in prose that was widely admired, but his views sometimes aroused controversy. He published more than thirty books over fifty years.

Naipaul's breakthrough novel A House for Mr Biswas was published in 1961. Naipaul won the Booker Prize in 1971 for his novel In a Free State. He won the Jerusalem Prize in 1983, and was awarded the Trinity Cross, Trinidad and Tobago's highest national honour, in 1990. He received a knighthood in 1990, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2001.
Mercedes-Benz M270/M274 engine
The M270 and M274 are turbocharged inline-four engines produced by Mercedes-Benz since 2011. They are the successor to the previous M266 and M271 engines respectively. The engine appeared on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2017.

Mercedes-Benz M271 engine
The Mercedes-Benz M271 engine is a straight-4 automobile piston engine family used in the 2000s (decade).

All M271 engines are built in Untertürkheim, Germany. The family has a cast aluminium engine block and aluminium DOHC cylinder heads with 4 valves per cylinder and variable valve timing and a coil-on-plug ignition system.
Brian Fobbs
Brian Fobbs (born February 17, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for EWE Baskets Oldenburg in the Basketball Bundesliga (BBL). He played college basketball for Genesee Community College and Towson.

Genesee Community College
Genesee Community College (GCC) is a public community college with its main campus in Batavia, New York. It has campus centers in Medina, Warsaw, Dansville, and Arcade, New York. The college serves areas not only inside of Genesee County but also in Livingston County, Orleans County, and Wyoming County, or the GLOW region. This two-year college also offers housing facilities to out-of-area students, although the school is attended primarily by commuters. Additionally, GCC offers some degree and certificate programs online.
Principle of legality in French criminal law
The principle of legality in French criminal law holds that no one may be convicted of a criminal offense unless a previously published legal text sets out in clear and precise wording the constituent elements of the offense and the penalty which applies to it.
(Latin:Nullum crimen, nulla pœna sine lege, in other words, "no crime, no penalty, without a law").

The principle of legality (French: principe de légalité) is one of the most fundamental principles of French criminal law, and goes back to the Penal Code of 1791 adopted during the French Revolution, and before that, was developed by Italian criminologist Cesare Beccaria and by Montesquieu. The principle has its origins in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which endows it with constitutional force and limits the conditions in which citizens may be punished for infractions.

Cesare Beccaria
Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio (Italian: [ˈtʃeːzare bekkaˈriːa, ˈtʃɛː-]; 15 March 1738 – 28 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, economist, and politician who is widely considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment. He is well remembered for his treatise On Crimes and Punishments (1764), which condemned torture and the death penalty, and was a founding work in the field of penology and the classical school of criminology. Beccaria is considered the father of modern criminal law and the father of criminal justice.

According to John Bessler, Beccaria's works had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers of the United States.
Jam (film)
Jam (or Jam: When Lives Collide) is a 2006 drama film directed by Craig E. Serling. Written by Serling and Nicole Lonner, the film was executive produced by Dianne Burnett for Burnett Entertainment in association with Thanksgiving Films.  As Serling's first feature-length project, Jam is based upon a short film by the same name that Serling shot in 2004. Starring Elizabeth Bogush, Dan Byrd, Julie Claire, and David DeLuise, Jam premiered at the Vail Film Festival on April 1, 2006, aired on television on the Starz! TV channel, and was released on DVD on July 3, 2007, by the Starz! distribution branch of Anchor Bay Entertainment.

Mark Burnett
James Mark Burnett (born 17 July 1960) is a British-American television producer, best known for creating The Apprentice, and producing Survivor, Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?, Shark Tank, and The Voice. He has produced more than 4000 hours worth of television programming, which have appeared on over 15 major television networks and aired in over 70 countries.

In 1995, Burnett developed his first production company, Mark Burnett Productions, which focused on reality television. In 2009, he founded Lightworkers Media with Roma Downey, which focuses on Christian media. He served as president of United Artists Media Group from 2014 to 2018, and chairman of MGM Worldwide Television Group from 2018 to 2022.

Burnett has received numerous awards including 10 Primetime Emmy Awards and a Hollywood Walk of Fame Star.

In 2024, President Donald Trump appointed Burnett as the United States Special Envoy to the United Kingdom.
Public Enemy Returns
Public Enemy Returns (Korean: 강철중) is a 2008 South Korean neo-noir action thriller film directed by Kang Woo-suk. It is the sequel and final film to Public Enemy (2002) and Another Public Enemy (2005), also directed by Kang.

2007 was a poor year for South Korean cinema, largely due to the reduced screen quota from 146 to 73 days as part of the 2007 free trade agreement between the US and South Korea. This resulted in production costs rising, a series of box office failures, and the number of Korean films sold overseas dropping. During May 2008, only 7.8% of films shown in South Korea were Korean, the lowest level since records began in 2000. It was hoped that the Korean film industry might rally behind Public Enemy Returns. The film sold 4,337,983 tickets nationwide and was the 4th most attended film of 2008.

Public Enemy (2002 film)
Public Enemy (Korean: 공공의 적) is a 2002 South Korean neo-noir action thriller film directed by Kang Woo-suk. The film was well received by audiences and critics alike, being seen by almost 3 million people in South Korea, while winning Sul Kyung-gu Best Actor at the Grand Bell Awards and Blue Dragon Film Awards for his lead role. The success of the film led to the making of the sequel Another Public Enemy in 2005.
Vesle Jukleeggi
Vesle Jukleeggi is a mountain in southern Norway. It is located on the border of Lærdal Municipality in Vestland county and Hemsedal Municipality in Buskerud county. The 1,703-metre (5,587 ft) tall mountain is located about 24 kilometres (15 mi) east of the village of Borgund, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of the village of Hemsedal, and about 21 kilometres (13 mi) southwest of the village of Vang i Valdres. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Høgeloft and Haukefjellet to the northwest. The lake Juklevatnet lies right between Haukefjellet and Vesle Jukleeggi.

Juklevatnet
Juklevatnet is a lake in Hemsedal Municipality (in Buskerud county) and Lærdal Municipality (in Vestland county), Norway. It is located 21 kilometres (13 mi) east of Borgund in Lærdal Municipality, just to the south of the mountain Høgeloft in the Filefjell range. The 3.07-square-kilometre (1.19 sq mi) lake sits at an elevation of 1,286 metres (4,219 ft) above sea level. It is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the lake Eldrevatnet and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of the lake Øljusjøane.

The lake is regulated by a hydroelectric dam which is part of a nearby power station. The water flows into the lake Vesle Juklevatnet, then the river Jukleåni, and then into the lake Eldrevatnet.
Baron Merthyr
Baron Merthyr, of Senghenydd in the County of Glamorgan, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1911 for the Welsh coal mining magnate Sir William Lewis, 1st Baronet. He had already been created a baronet, of Nantgwyne in the County of Glamorgan, in 1896. The barony is named after the town of Merthyr Tydfil, where Lewis was born. Lord Merthyr's grandson, the third Baron, was Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords from 1957 to 1965 and a Deputy Speaker from 1957 to 1974. The latter was succeeded by his son, the fourth Baron. He disclaimed the peerage for life on 26 April 1977, three weeks after succeeding his father. He did not use his title of baronet either. He died on 5 August 2015.

The Hon. Robin Lewis, fourth son of the third Baron, was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Dyfed in December 2006, although this was not officially reported in the London Gazette until September 2007.

Peerage Act 1963
The Peerage Act 1963 (c. 48) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that permits female hereditary peers and all Scottish hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords and allows newly inherited hereditary peerages to be disclaimed.

A disclaimed peerage remains without a holder until the death of the disclaimer, and his heir succeeds to the peerage.
Tim Coak
Timothy David Thomas Coak (born 16 January 1958) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a defender. A full-back who could play on the left or the right, Coak began his career with Southampton and later played for Salisbury City, Waterlooville, Gosport Borough, Bashley, Eastleigh, Aerostructures, Romsey Town and Fareham Town Veterans.

Eastleigh F.C.
Eastleigh Football Club is a professional association football club based in Eastleigh, Hampshire, England. The team competes in the National League, the fifth level of the English football league system.

Originally formed as Swaythling Athletic in 1946, they joined the Hampshire League in 1950. In 1977, they changed their name to Swaythling before changing again in 1980 to Eastleigh. They were founder members of the Wessex League ahead of the 1986–87 season. Eastleigh remained at this level until they won the division in 2002–03. They subsequently joined the Southern League Eastern division, Isthmian League and Conference South over the following years. After two unsuccessful play-off attempts, Eastleigh were promoted to the top division of non-League as champions in the 2013–14 season. They play their home matches at The Silverlake Stadium.
MPP+
MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) or cyperquat is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+. It is a monoaminergic neurotoxin that acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria by inhibiting complex I, leading to the depletion of ATP and eventual cell death.

MPP+ arises in the body as the toxic metabolite of the closely related compound MPTP. MPTP is converted in the brain into MPP+ by the enzyme MAO-B, ultimately causing parkinsonism in primates by killing certain dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. The ability for MPP+ to induce Parkinson's disease has made it an important compound in Parkinson's research since this property was discovered in 1983.

The chloride salt of MPP+ found use in the 1970s as an herbicide under the common name cyperquat. Though no longer in use as an herbicide, cyperquat's closely related structural analog paraquat still finds widespread usage, raising some safety concerns.

Substantia nigra
The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for "black substance", reflecting the fact that parts of the substantia nigra appear darker than neighboring areas due to high levels of neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the  substantia nigra pars compacta.

Although the substantia nigra appears as a continuous band in brain sections, anatomical studies have found that it actually consists of two parts with very different connections and functions: the pars compacta (SNpc) and the pars reticulata (SNpr). The pars compacta serves mainly as a projection to the basal ganglia circuit, supplying the striatum with dopamine. The pars reticulata conveys signals from the basal ganglia to numerous other brain structures.
Concord New Energy
Concord New Energy Group Limited is an investment holding company and is listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange with its Hong Kong headquarters at Admiralty, Hong Kong. The company had a management office in Beijing. The Company and its subsidiaries are engaged in engineering, procurement and construction (EPC), operation and maintenance of wind power plants, the manufacture of wind power equipment and other wind power related business. The listed company and its predecessor, had a few former names: Nam Pei Hong (Holding) Limited, Nam Pei Hong International Holdings Limited, N P H International Holdings Limited, Hong Kong Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited and most recently China Windpower Group Limited.

Engineering, procurement, and construction
Engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contracts (a type of turnkey contract) are a form of contract used to undertake construction works by the private sector on large-scale and complex infrastructure projects. They may follow a Front-End Engineering and Design (FEED) contract.
Rainbow goodeid
The rainbow goodeid (Characodon lateralis) is a species of critically endangered freshwater fish in the family Goodeidae, and are endemic to Mexico. Specifically, they are found in shallow springs and ponds in the Durango and Coahuila area. They were first identified in 1866 by Albert Günther.

Durango
Durango, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Durango, is one of the states which make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico, situated in the northwest portion of the country. With a population of 1,832,650, the 8th lowest of Mexico's states, Durango has Mexico's second-lowest population density, after Baja California Sur. The capital city, Victoria de Durango, is named after the first President of Mexico, Guadalupe Victoria.
Heineken Green Energy
Heineken Green Energy was an Irish music festival that took place at Dublin Castle over the May bank holiday weekend. It attracted over 50,000 people per year for what was the opening of the music festival season in Ireland. The event, sponsored by Heineken International first took place in 1996 and occurred on an annual basis until 2008. While the main event occurred in Dublin Castle, smaller shows were held in other city venues.

The Frames
The Frames are an Irish rock band based in Dublin. Founded in 1990 by Glen Hansard, the band has been influential in the Dublin rock music scene. The group has released six studio albums. In addition to Hansard, the band's current line-up includes original member Colm Mac Con Iomaire, Joe Doyle, and Rob Bochnik.
Joseph-Alphonse Esménard
Joseph-Alphonse Esménard (1770, in Pélissanne – 25 June 1811, in Fondi) was a French poet, brother of the journalist Jean-Baptiste Esménard and the father of the artists Inès Esménard and Nathalie Elma d'Esménard.

Fondi
Fondi (Latin: Fundi; Southern Laziale: Fùnn) is a city and comune in the province of Latina, Lazio, central Italy, halfway between Rome and Naples. As of 2017, the city had a population of 39,800. The city has experienced steady population growth since the early 2000s, though this has slowed in recent years.

Before the construction of the highway between the latter cities in the late 1950s, Fondi had been an important settlement on the Roman Via Appia, which was the main connection from Rome to much of southern Italy.
Decora (rapper)
Lloyd Gregory Sandiford (born January 4, 1984), known professionally as Decora, is an American AfroLatinX hip hop artist, producer, performance poet and social activist based in the Hudson Valley of New York.

Decora initially gained notable recognition as a member of the socially-conscious hip hop group, The Readnex Poetry Squad. While touring nationally and abroad, he and the group developed the “Hip Hop and Poetry Saved My Life” workshop aimed toward at-risk youth. In 2009, the group was one of the first hip-hop acts to perform at the Clearwater Festival which helped to secure Decora's place on Hudson Valley's list of People to Watch in 2012. Decora launched his solo career in 2015 with his debut album Bread and Oats. He released his second album, Beyond Belief, with a concert at Lincoln Center in February 2017, and released his third album Reverie in 2018. In 2019, Decora released new music every month, in the form of EPs, singles, and a full-length instrumental album.

Hudson Valley
The Hudson Valley or Hudson River Valley comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U.S. state of New York. The region stretches from the Capital District including Albany and Troy south to Yonkers in Westchester County, bordering New York City.
1989 Bologna Open
The 1989 Bologna Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Cierrebi Club in Bologna, Italy that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was played from 12 June until 18 June 1989. Sixth-seeded Javier Sánchez won the singles title.

Javier Sánchez (tennis)
Javier Sánchez Vicario (Spanish pronunciation: [xaˈβjeɾ ˈsantʃeθ]; born 1 February 1968) is a former top-ten doubles professional tennis player from Spain. Sánchez won the US Open junior singles and doubles title in 1986, and reached the quarterfinal stage in the US Open men's singles event twice – in 1991 and 1996.
Kameyama Castle (Okayama)
Kameyama Castle (沼城, Kameyama-jō), also well known as Numa Castle, is the remains of a castle structure in Higashi-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as an Okayama City Designated Historic Site.

The castle was built by Nakayama Nobutada in the Tenbun period (1532–1555). In 1559, Ukita Naoie killed Nakayama Nobumasa by order of Uragami Munekage. Then Naoie moved Ukita clan's main bastion from Shinjōyama castle. Naoie expanded his territory based in the castle. In 1570, Naoie started remodeling Okayama castle and moved from the castle in 1573.

Soon after the Honnō-ji Incident, Hashiba Hideyoshi stopped and stayed in the castle on his way back to Kyoto to fight Akechi Mitsuhide's army.

Okayama Castle
Okayama Castle (岡山城, Okayama-jō) is a Japanese castle in the city of Okayama in Okayama Prefecture in Japan.  The main tower was completed in 1597, destroyed in 1945 and replicated in concrete in 1966.  Two of the watch towers survived the bombing of 1945 and are now listed by the national Agency for Cultural Affairs as Important Cultural Properties.

In stark contrast to the white "Egret Castle" of neighboring Himeji, Okayama Castle has a black exterior, earning it the nickname Crow Castle (烏城, U-jō) or "castle of the black bird". (The black castle of Matsumoto in Nagano is also known as "Crow Castle", but it is karasu-jō in Japanese.)

Today, only a few parts of Okayama Castle's roof (including the fish-shaped-gargoyles) are gilded, but prior to the Battle of Sekigahara the main keep also featured gilded roof tiles, earning it the nickname Golden Crow Castle (金烏城, Kin U-jō).