hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zuiderwoude
Zuiderwoude is a village in the municipality of Waterland, province of North Holland, Netherlands. It lies about 2 km (1.2 mi) south of the municipal administrative centre Monnickendam. In 2021, the statistical area of Zuiderwoude had a population of 320, up from 260 in 2004.

Monnickendam
Monnickendam (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌmɔnɪkə(n)ˈdɑm]) is a city in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Waterland, and lies on the coast of the Markermeer, about 8 km (5.0 mi) southeast of Purmerend. It received city rights in 1355 and was damaged by the fires of 1499 and 1513.
Tyson Beckford
Tyson Beckford (born December 19, 1970) is a Jamaican-American model and actor best known as a Ralph Lauren Polo model. He was also the host of both seasons of the Bravo program Make Me a Supermodel. Beckford has been described as one of the most successful male supermodels of all time, achieving fame and huge contracts similar to the female models who had huge success in the 1990s.

Bravo (American TV network)
Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Media Group division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. Since the 2000s, it has focused heavily on reality series targeted at 25-54 year-old women and the LGBTQ community at large. Its former sister channels are Nickelodeon and IFC, which are currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation and AMC Networks, respectively. As of November 2023, Bravo is available to approximately 70 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2013 peak of 95 million households.
Blueberry (film)
Blueberry (French: Blueberry : L'expérience secrète) is a 2004 French acid Western directed by Jan Kounen. It is an adaptation of the Franco-Belgian comic book series Blueberry, illustrated by Jean Giraud (better known as Moebius) and scripted by Jean-Michel Charlier, but the film has little in common with the source material. The film stars Vincent Cassel as the title character along with Michael Madsen, Juliette Lewis, Djimon Hounsou, Eddie Izzard, Temuera Morrison, Tchéky Karyo, Kestenbetsa, and Ernest Borgnine. Although the film is a French production, the film is in English to match the story's setting in America's Wild West in the 1870s. Since the character of Blueberry remains obscure in the States, the film was released on DVD in America in November 2004 under the title Renegade and marketed very much as a conventional Western.

Tchéky Karyo
Tchéky Karyo (French: [tʃeki kɑʁjo]; born Baruh Djaki Karyo; 4 October 1953 – 31 October 2025) was a Turkish-born French actor and musician. Beginning his career as an actor on stage in classical and contemporary plays, he later worked as a character actor in films in the 1980s. He acted in numerous films by Hollywood and French directors, including Luc Besson. He was nominated for a César Award for Most Promising Actor for his performance in the 1982 film La Balance.

His film credits include La Femme Nikita, Vincent and Me, Nostradamus, Crying Freeman, Bad Boys, GoldenEye, The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc, The Patriot and Kiss of the Dragon. His television roles include Dr. Willy Rozenbaum in the HBO film And the Band Played On, Georges Méliès in the HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon, and French detective Julien Baptiste in the BBC crime drama The Missing, and its spin-off series Baptiste (2019–21).
LSZ reduction formula
In quantum field theory, the Lehmann–Symanzik–Zimmermann (LSZ) reduction formula is a method to calculate S-matrix elements (the scattering amplitudes) from the time-ordered correlation functions of a quantum field theory. It is a step of the path that starts from the Lagrangian of some quantum field theory and leads to prediction of measurable quantities.  It is named after the three German physicists Harry Lehmann, Kurt Symanzik and Wolfhart Zimmermann.

Although the LSZ reduction formula cannot handle bound states, massless particles and topological solitons,  it can be generalized to cover bound states, by use of composite fields which are often nonlocal. Furthermore, the method, or variants thereof, have turned out to be also fruitful in other fields of theoretical physics. For example, in statistical physics they can be used to get a particularly general formulation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.

Scalar field theory
In theoretical physics, scalar field theory can refer to a relativistically invariant classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation.

The only fundamental scalar quantum field that has been observed in nature is the Higgs field. However, scalar quantum fields feature in the effective field theory descriptions of many physical phenomena.  An example is the pion, which is actually a pseudoscalar.

Since they do not involve polarization complications, scalar fields are often the easiest to appreciate second quantization through.  For this reason, scalar field theories are  often used for purposes of introduction of novel concepts and techniques.

The signature of the metric employed below is (+ − − −).
Oleksandr Syrskyi
Oleksandr Stanislavovych Syrskyi (Ukrainian: Олександр Станіславович Сирський; born 26 July 1965) is a Ukrainian military officer holding the rank of four-star general who has served as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine since 8 February 2024. Previously, he was the commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces from 2019 to 2024, and the commander of the Joint Forces Operation from May to August 2019.

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Syrskyi commanded the defence of Kyiv. In September 2022, he commanded the Kharkiv counteroffensive. He then led the defense of Bakhmut into 2023.

Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Головнокомандувач Збройних сил України, romanized: Holovnokomanduvach Zbroinykh syl Ukrayiny) is the professional head of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The position was created by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on 28 March 2020, before which the Chief of the General Staff was the commander-in-chief.
2023 opinion polling on the Biden administration
This is a list of opinion polls taken on the presidency of Joe Biden in 2023. To navigate between years, see opinion polling on the Biden administration. For 2024–2025 opinion polling, see 2024–2025 opinion polling on the Biden administration.

According to analysis by Gallup, Biden's average approval rating in 2023 was 39.8%. Compared with presidents going back to Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Gallup Poll only recorded one president, Jimmy Carter, as having a lower average approval rating in their third year (37.4%). Notably, this is the first year in which Joe Biden's average approval rating was lower than his predecessor's at the same point in their terms (Donald Trump's average in 2019 was 42.0%). Biden's low approval ratings in 2023 were attributed to continued disapproval over the economy, immigration, and Biden's age as well as his response to the outbreak of the Gaza war in October.

Opinion polling on the Biden administration
Joe Biden, a Democrat from Delaware, was elected President of the United States on November 3, 2020. He was inaugurated on January 20, 2021, as the nation's 46th president.

The following articles are lists of opinion pollings on his administration:
Puerto Rico Highway 9
Puerto Rico Highway 9 (PR-9), also called the Anillo de Circunvalación de Ponce (Ponce's Circumferential Highway), is a limited-access state highway located entirely within the limits of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico, and connecting Puerto Rico Highway 10 in Barrio Portugués in the north to Puerto Rico Highway 52 in barrio Canas in the south, crossing Barrio Magueyes. The Oficina de Ordenación Territorial (Office of Territorial Ordering) of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce calls this road Ronda de Circunvalación Román Baldorioty de Castro (Román Baldorioty de Castro Beltway). The roadway is still under construction.

Magueyes, Ponce, Puerto Rico
Magueyes is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. Together with Cerrillos, Machuelo Arriba, Maragüez, Montes Llanos, Portugués, Sabanetas, and Tibes, Magueyes is one of the municipality's eight interior barrios. The name of this barrio is of native Indian origin. It was created in 1831.
Clausura 2015 Liga MX final phase
The Clausura 2015 Liga MX final phase commonly known as Liguilla (mini league) was played from 13 November 2015 to 31 December 2015. A total of eight teams competed in the final phase to decide the champions of the Clausura 2015 Liga MX season. Both finalists qualified to the 2015–16 CONCACAF Champions League.

2015–16 CONCACAF Champions League
The 2015–16 CONCACAF Champions League (officially the 2015–16 Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League for sponsorship reasons) was the 8th edition of the CONCACAF Champions League under its current name, and overall the 51st edition of the premier football club competition organized by CONCACAF, the regional governing body of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean.

América were the defending champions, and won their second consecutive title, and a record-breaking seventh CONCACAF club title (including the CONCACAF Champions' Cup era), by beating fellow Mexican team Tigres UANL 4–1 on aggregate in the final. As the winner of the 2015–16 CONCACAF Champions League, they qualified as the CONCACAF representative at the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup in Japan, their third appearance in the FIFA Club World Cup.
The Michael Franks Anthology: The Art of Love
The Michael Franks Anthology: The Art of Love is a jazz vocal double album by Michael Franks, released in 2003 by Warner Bros. It is Franks' eighteenth album, and his third compilation after his non-U.S.A. Indispensable released in 1988 and The Best of Michael Franks: A Backward Glance in 1998.

The compilation contains a selection of tracks over two discs spanning twenty three years, from The Art of Tea in 1976, to Barefoot on the Beach in 1999.

Michael Franks (musician)
Michael Franks (born September 18, 1944) is an American singer and songwriter. He has recorded with a variety of well-known artists, such as Peggy Lee, Dan Hicks, Patti Austin, Art Garfunkel, Brenda Russell, Claus Ogerman, Joe Sample, and David Sanborn. His songs have been recorded by  Gordon Haskell,  Shirley Bassey, The Carpenters, Kurt Elling, Diana Krall, Patti LaBelle,  Lyle Lovett, The Manhattan Transfer, Leo Sidran, Veronica Nunn, Carmen McRae, Ringo Starr and Natalie Cole.
KADA (AM)
KADA (1230 kHz, "Pirate Radio 102.3") is an AM radio station broadcasting a modern rock format. Licensed to Ada, Oklahoma, United States, the station (and its sister stations, KADA-FM 99.3, KYKC 100.1, KCNP 89.5, KXFC 105.5, and KTLS 106.5) are owned by The Chickasaw Nation.

KCNP
KCNP (89.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to Ada, Oklahoma, United States. The station is currently owned by the Chickasaw Nation.

The Chickasaw Nation owns three additional transmitters that simulcast KCNP – KAZC 89.3 in Dickson, KTNG 97.3 in Connerville, and KWPV 104.5 in Wynnewood.
John Sacca
John Sacca (born December 12, 1971) is an American former football quarterback in the Arena Football League (AFL) who played for the Connecticut Coyotes. He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions and Eastern Kentucky Colonels. He also played in the World League of American Football (WLAF) for the Amsterdam Admirals.

Raised in Delran Township, New Jersey, Sacca played prep football at Delran High School.

His brother Tony Sacca also was a quarterback at Penn State.

Tony Sacca
Anthony John Sacca (born April 17, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback for the Phoenix Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Penn State Nittany Lions from 1988 to 1991 and was selected 46th overall in the second round of the 1992 NFL draft. He also played two seasons for the Barcelona Dragons in Spain.

Sacca grew up in Delran Township, New Jersey, and played high school football at Delran High School.
System 1
The Macintosh "System 1" is the first major release of the classic Mac OS operating system. It was developed for the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. System 1 was released on January 24, 1984, along with the Macintosh 128K, the first in the Macintosh family of personal computers. It received one update, "System 1.1" on December 29, 1984, before being succeeded by System 2.

Macintosh 128K
The Macintosh, later rebranded as the Macintosh 128K, is the original Macintosh personal computer from Apple. It is the first successful mass-market all-in-one desktop personal computer with a graphical user interface, built-in screen and mouse. It was pivotal in establishing desktop publishing as a general office function. The motherboard, a 9 in (23 cm) CRT monochrome monitor, and a floppy drive are in a beige case with an integrated carrying handle; it has a keyboard and single-button mouse.

The Macintosh was introduced by a television commercial titled "1984" during Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984, directed by Ridley Scott. Sales were strong at its initial release on January 24, 1984, at US$2,495 (equivalent to $7,700 in 2025), and reached 70,000 units on May 3, 1984. Upon the release of its successor, the Macintosh 512K, it was rebranded as the Macintosh 128K. The computer's model number is M0001.
John van 't Schip
Johannes Nicolaas "John" van 't Schip (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdʑɔɱ vɑn ət ˈsxɪp]; born 30 December 1963) is a Dutch-Canadian football manager and former player who played as a winger.

Born in Canada, he played for the Netherlands national team for nine years. He spent his club career with Ajax, where they won four Eredivisie titles, a UEFA Cup and a European Cup Winners Cup, as well as Genoa. He was also a member of the Dutch side which won the 1988 European Championships.

Van 't Schip started his managerial career at the Ajax Youth Academy, and his first senior managerial gig was with Twente. He previously was the manager of PEC Zwolle in his native Netherlands and Melbourne City in Australia among others. He managed Greece from 2019 to 2021. He was then appointed as the interim manager of Ajax in 2023 until 2024. A year later he was appointed as the new manager of Armenia.

Armenia national football team
The Armenia national football team (Armenian: Հայաստանի ֆուտբոլի ազգային հավաքական) represents Armenia in men's international football, and is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia, the governing body for football in Armenia.

After gaining independence from the Soviet Union, the team played its first international match on 12 October 1992. The national team has participated in the qualification of every major tournament from the UEFA Euro 1996 onwards, though they are yet to qualify for the final stages of either a UEFA European Football Championship or a FIFA World Cup. The team's main achievements have been third-place finish in the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying stage, and being promoted to the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League B.

The primary training ground is at the Technical Center-Academy of the Football Federation of Armenia in the northern Avan District of the capital Yerevan, and the team plays their home matches at the Republican Stadium.
Mitzpe Hagit
Mitzpe Hagit (Hebrew: מצפה חגית, lit. 'Hagit Lookout') is an Israeli outpost in the West Bank. Located near the settlement of Kfar Adumim, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. It is home to around 25 families.

The outpost was established in 1999 by families from Kfar Adumim, and was named after Hagit Zavitsky, a settler from Kfar Adumim who was killed in Wadi Qelt in 1997.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Kfar Adumim
Kfar Adumim (Hebrew: כְּפַר אֲדֻמִּים, lit. 'Village of The Red') is a mixed religious-secular Israeli settlement in the West Bank. It is located in the Judean Desert, on the southern bank of Wadi Qelt, about 2 miles northeast of the town Ma'ale Adumim. It is at 367 meters above sea level. It is organized as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 5,019.  The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics counts the populations of nearby settlements Alon and Nofei Prat as part of the population of Kfar Adumim.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
Radio BIP
Radio BIP is a French local and associative FM broadcasting station, active in Besançon and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The acronym BIP stands for Bisontine, Indépendante et Populaire, meaning "Bisontine, independent and popular". After originally operating as a pirate radio station from 1977 to 1978, it was refounded in 1981 as a "free radio". In 2022 it was still characterized by a total independence, the refusal of advertisement, and an important spot for politics and associations. Since 2015, its staff developed video and text channels in association with Média 25. It become a reference of social movement and underground culture, at the beginning of many cases during El Khomri law or Yellow vests.

El Khomri law
The law no. 2016-1088 of August 8, 2016 relating to work, the modernisation of social dialogue and the securing of professional careers is a piece of national legislation in France relating to employment. It is commonly known as the El Khomri law or the Loi travail. It evoked wide protests by labour unions around the country. The law came into force by a gazette notification on 9 August 2016.

The text, after being reworked by the government, was adopted without a vote on first reading by the National Assembly, following the government's assumption of responsibility, thanks to the use of article 49 paragraph 3 of the French Constitution (known as "49.3"). Following its adoption by the Senate, the text was again adopted without a vote by the National Assembly on a new and final reading. It was promulgated on 8 August 2016.

Labour law reform continued in 2017 with a new reform of the Labour Code.
Giju John
Giju John is an Indian actor, film producer, singer, songwriter, and dancer who works in Malayalam and English films. Giju made his acting debut in the 2011 English film Love, Wrinkle-free before starring in the 2018 Malayalam film Ranam, later appearing in films such as Lucifer (2019) and Forensic (2020). He is also a film producer having produced films such as Love, Wrinkle-free (2011), and the television sitcom, Metro Park.

Ranam (2018 film)
Ranam: Detroit Crossing (transl. Battle: Detroit Crossing) is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language crime drama film written and directed by Nirmal Sahadev and produced by Yes Cinema Production and Lawson Entertainment. The film stars Prithviraj Sukumaran, Rahman, and Isha Talwar.

Ranam was released on 6 September 2018 to mixed reviews from critics, but was declared a sleeper hit. Over the years, the film and its soundtrack has acquired a cult status due to its aesthetic making, songs and an Indo-American crossover.
Porter, Texas
Porter is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County in Southeastern Texas, United States, within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. In 2010, its population was estimated at 25,769. Porter is north of the Kingwood area of Houston.

New Caney, Texas
New Caney is an unincorporated community in Montgomery County, Texas, United States, located within the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. As of 2010, the population of the New Caney area is 19,987. New Caney had an estimated population in 2016 of roughly 22,000.
2011 SBS Drama Awards
The 2011 SBS Drama Awards (Korean: SBS 연기대상) is a ceremony honoring the best performances in television on the SBS network for the year 2011. It was held at the SBS Open Hall in Deungchon-dong, Seoul on December 31st, 2011, and was hosted by actor Ji Sung and actress Choi Kang-hee.

Ji Sung
Kwak Tae-geun (Korean: 곽태근, born 27 February 1977), known professionally as Ji Sung (Korean: 지성),  is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in the television dramas All In (2003), Save the Last Dance for Me (2004), New Heart (2007), Protect the Boss (2011),  Secret Love (2013), Kill Me, Heal Me (2015), Innocent Defendant (2017), Familiar Wife (2018), Doctor John (2019), The Devil Judge (2021),  Connection (2024), The Judge Returns (2026) and the film  My PS Partner (2012).
Maid Happy
Maid Happy is a 1933 British musical film directed by Mansfield Markham and starring Charlotte Ander, Johannes Riemann and Dennis Hoey.

It was made at Elstree Studios by British International Pictures but distributed independently. The German art director Walter Reimann designed the film's sets.

Dennis Hoey
Dennis Hoey  (born Samuel David Hyams, 30 March 1893 – 25 July 1960) was a British film and stage actor, best remembered for playing Inspector Lestrade in six films of Universal's Sherlock Holmes series.
Dirt 4
Dirt 4 (stylised as DiRT 4) is a racing video game developed by Codemasters for PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One in June 2017, and for Linux and macOS in March 2019 by Feral Interactive.

A sequel, Dirt 5, was released in November 2020.

Codemasters
The Codemasters Software Company Limited (trade name: Codemasters) is a British video game developer and former publisher based in Southam. It is a subsidiary of American corporation Electronic Arts and managed under the EA Sports division. Founded by brothers Richard and David Darling in October 1986, Codemasters is one of the oldest British game studios, and in 2005 was named the best independent video game developer by magazine Develop. It formerly also published third-party games.

Codemasters Group Holdings plc was the holding company of Codemasters, which was publicly traded and owned Codemasters until being purchased by EA in 2021 for $1.2 billion.
Blade–vortex interaction
A blade vortex interaction (BVI) is an unsteady phenomenon of three-dimensional nature, which occurs when a rotor blade passes within a close proximity of the shed tip vortices from a previous blade. The aerodynamic interactions represent an important topic of investigation in rotorcraft research field due to the adverse influence produced on rotor noise, particularly in low speed descending flight condition or maneuver, which generates high amplitude impulsive noise.

Rotorcraft
A rotary-wing aircraft, rotorwing aircraft or rotorcraft is a heavier-than-air aircraft with rotary wings that spin around a vertical mast to generate lift. The assembly of several rotor blades mounted on a single mast is referred to as a rotor.

Rotorcraft generally include aircraft where one or more rotors provide lift throughout the entire flight, such as helicopters, gyroplanes, autogyros, and gyrodynes. Compound rotorcraft augment the rotor with additional thrust engines, propellers, or static lifting surfaces. Some types, such as helicopters, are capable of vertical takeoff and landing. An aircraft which uses rotor lift for vertical flight but changes to solely fixed-wing lift in horizontal flight is not a rotorcraft but a convertiplane.