hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Second Battle of Kernstown order of battle: Union
The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Second Battle of Kernstown of the American Civil War, on July 24, 1864, in Kernstown, now part of the City of Winchester, Virginia.  The Confederate order of battle is shown separately.

Second Battle of Kernstown
The Second Battle of Kernstown was fought on July 24, 1864, at Kernstown, Virginia, outside Winchester, Virginia, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War. The Confederate Army of the Valley under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early soundly defeated the Union Army of West Virginia under Brig. Gen. George Crook and drove it from the Shenandoah Valley back over the Potomac River into Maryland. As a result, Early was able to launch the Confederacy's last major raid into northern Union territory, attacking the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in Maryland and West Virginia and burning Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in retaliation for the burning of civilian houses and farms earlier in the campaign.
LUX
LUX or Phytoclock1 (PCL1) is a gene that codes for LUX ARRHYTHMO, a protein necessary for circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis thaliana. LUX protein associates with Early Flowering 3 (ELF3) and Early Flowering 4 (ELF4) to form the Evening Complex (EC), a core component of the Arabidopsis repressilator model of the plant circadian clock. The LUX protein functions as a transcription factor that negatively regulates Pseudo-Response Regulator 9 (PRR9), a core gene of the Midday Complex, another component of the Arabidopsis repressilator model. LUX is also associated with circadian control of hypocotyl growth factor genes PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 5 (PIF5).

TOC1 (gene)
Timing of CAB expression 1 is a protein that in Arabidopsis thaliana is encoded by the TOC1 gene.  TOC1 is also known as two-component response regulator-like APRR1.

TOC1 was the first plant gene that, when mutated, yielded a circadian phenotype. It codes for the transcription factor TOC1, which affects the period of plants' circadian rhythms: built-in, malleable oscillations that repeat every 24 hours. The gene codes for a transcriptional repressor, TOC1, one of five pseudo-response regulators (PRR) that mediate the period of the circadian clock in plants. The TOC1 protein is involved in the clock's evening loop, which is a repressilator that directly inhibits transcription of morning loop genes LHY and CCA1. Toc1 gene is expressed in most plant structures and cells, and has its locus on chromosome 5.
FS Class E.220
FS Class E.220 was a two-axle electric locomotive, powered by a third rail, built for operation on the Varese line of the Italian Rete Mediterranea (Mediterranean Network) and registered as RM 02. It was acquired by the Italian State Railways in 1918 and re-registered as 220.01.

Varese
Varese (UK: /vəˈreɪzeɪ, -zi/ və-RAY-zay, -⁠zee, US: /vɑːˈreɪseɪ/ var-AY-say; Italian: [vaˈreːze] ⓘ or [vaˈreːse]; Varesino: Varés [ʋaˈreːs]; Latin: Baretium; archaic German: Väris) is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 km (34 mi) north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 was 80,559.

It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or exurban part of the city is called Varesotto.
Cyprien Lefebvre de Lézy
Cyprien Lefebvre de la Barre, chevalier de Lézy (16 December 1643 – March 1687), or Cyprien Lefèvre, Le Febvre, was governor of the French colony of Cayenne (French Guiana) from 1665 to 1667, and again from 1670 to 1679.
During his term of office the colony was raided first by the English and then by the Dutch.

Cayenne
Cayenne (/keɪˈɛn/; French pronunciation: [kajɛn] ⓘ; Guianese Creole French: Kayenn) is the prefecture and capital city of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.  The city stands on a former island at the mouth of the Cayenne River on the Atlantic coast.  The city's motto is "fert aurum industria", which means "work brings wealth". Cayenne is the largest Francophone city of the South American continent.

In the 2023 census, there were 153,884 inhabitants in the metropolitan area of Cayenne (as defined by INSEE), 62,675 of whom lived in the city (commune) of Cayenne proper.
Rhee Ho Nam
Rhee Ho Nam (28 February 1934 – 5 June 2003) was the first president of a stake of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in South Korea. He later served as a professor of Korean at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, United States.

Stake (Latter Day Saints)
A stake is an administrative unit composed of multiple congregations in certain denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement. The name "stake" derives from the Book of Isaiah: "enlarge the place of thy tent; stretch forth the curtains of thine habitation; spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes" (Isaiah 54:2). A stake is sometimes referred to as a stake of Zion.
Nagidos
Nagidos (Ancient Greek: Νάγιδος; Latin: Nagidus) was an ancient city of Cilicia. In ancient times it was located between Anemurion to the west and Arsinoe to the east. Today its ruins are found on the hill named Paşabeleni at the mouth of the Sini Cay (Bozyazı Dere) near Bozyazı in Mersin Province, Turkey. It lies at a distance of ca. 20 km to the east of Anamur. Like its eastern neighbor Kelenderis, it was a colony of Samos. The small island of Nagidoussa is opposite Nagidos; on it are the ruins of an Ottoman fortress.

Aydıncık, Mersin
Aydıncık is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 352 km2, and its population is 11,468 (2022). It is on the Mediterranean coast, 173 km (107 mi) from Mersin and 325 km (202 mi) from Antalya.

Aydıncık has also been called in Armenian Կելենդերիդա, and Gilindire, from Kelenderis (Greek: Κελένδερις).

This remote coastline is mostly unspoilt and 38 kilometers long, including some sandy beach, and the town of Aydıncık is spread along the coast near a small point, Sancak Burnu.
Joachim Merz
Joachim Merz (born October 26, 1948, in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe) is a German economist. His research involves welfare economics, income and income distribution, wealth, time utilization (time-budgeting research), time and income need, taxes, the job market, consumption and socioeconomics, with emphasis on freelancing, self-employment and salaried employment

Income distribution
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world.
Travis Smyth
Travis Smyth (born 29 December 1994) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the Asian Tour. He won the 2017 Northern Territory PGA Championship and the 2022 Yeangder TPC, as well as recording a runner-up finish at the 2022 International Series England. He played in the first three LIV Golf events in 2022, having gained access through the Asian Tour qualification process.

LIV Golf
LIV Golf (/lɪv/ LIV) is a professional men's golf tour. The name "LIV" refers to the Roman numerals for 54, the number of holes played at LIV events. The first LIV Golf Invitational Series event started on 9 June 2022, at the Centurion Club near St Albans in Hertfordshire, UK. The Invitational Series became the LIV Golf League in 2023.

LIV Golf is financed by the Public Investment Fund, the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia. Some journalists and commentators have said the tour is part of efforts by the Saudi monarchy, which has been criticized for its corruption and human rights abuses, to improve its public image through sports.

LIV Golf Adelaide was awarded the best golf event in the world from 2023–2025 at the World Golf Awards.
Patrick Chou
Patrick Chou Yi-hsien (Chinese: 周宜賢) is a Taiwanese cinematographer best known for his frequent collaborations with filmmaker Giddens Ko. He won Best Cinematography in the 14th Taipei Film Awards with the drama film Young Dudes (2012) and Best Cinematography for a Drama Series in the 55th Golden Bell Awards with Netflix crime series Nowhere Man (2019).

Giddens Ko
Ko Ching-teng (traditional Chinese: 柯景騰; simplified Chinese: 柯景腾; pinyin: Kē Jǐngténg; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Koa Kéng-thêng; born 25 August 1978), also known by his English name Giddens Ko, is a Taiwanese novelist and filmmaker. He has published more than 60 books, many of which have been adapted as films. He writes under the pseudonym of "Nine Knives" (九把刀; Jiǔ bǎ dāo; Kiú Pá To).
James Hurrell
James Hurrell (born 7 July 1984) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events and previously competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) and World Darts Federation (WDF) events. He won the final Challenge Tour event of 2023.

Hurrell reached the quarter-finals at the 2017 World Masters and 2022 WDF Lakeside World Championship. He was ranked WDF world number one from January to November 2022 and is a WDF World Cup silver medalist and a WDF Europe Cup gold medalist.

World Darts Federation
The World Darts Federation (WDF) is a sport governing body and (along with the PDC) a tournament organiser for the game of darts. It was formed in 1974 by representatives of the original fourteen founding members. Membership is open to the national organising body for darts in all nations. The WDF encourages the promotion of the sport of darts among and between those bodies, in an effort to gain international recognition for darts as a major sport. The WDF was a full member of Global Association of International Sports Federations, which was the governing body for international sports federations, until dissolution in 2023.
United States v. Jawad
United States v. Mohamed Jawad is one of the military commissions convened under the authority of the Military Commissions Act of 2006.

Mohamed Jawad was an Afghan youth who was alleged to have participated in a grenade attack in Khost, Afghanistan, on December 17, 2002. Although American officials asserted that bone scans established that Jawad was over eighteen when he was transferred to Guantanamo, in 2003, Afghan human rights workers argued that Jawad was only twelve or thirteen when the incident occurred.

Khost
Khost (Pashto, Dari: خوست) is a city in eastern Afghanistan, serving as the capital of Khost Province. The city is within the jurisdiction of Khost District and has an estimated population of 170,615 people. It is the largest city in the southeastern part of the country, and also the largest in the region of Loya Paktia.

Khost is home to Shaikh Zayed University. The Khost International Airport is located in the eastern area of the city. The current mayor of the city is Mufti Shahzad Noor Rashid. His predecessor was Bismillah Bilal.
Jamelle C. Sharpe
Jamelle C. Sharpe is a legal scholar in administrative law and the 14th Dean of the University of Illinois College of Law. His research focuses on the division of policymaking authority between courts and administrative agencies, the limits of congressional delegation, and the role of federal courts in the administrative state. He is also the author of Administrative Law: A Lifecycle Approach, a widely used casebook in the field.

University of Illinois College of Law
The University of Illinois College of Law at Urbana-Champaign is the law school of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, a public land-grant research university in Champaign and Urbana, Illinois. It was established in 1897 and offers the Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, and Doctor of Juridical Science degrees. The law school is located on the south end of the main University of Illinois campus in Champaign, near Memorial Stadium and the State Farm Center.
Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War IV
Warhammer 40,000: Dawn Of War IV is an upcoming real-time strategy video game developed by King Art Games and published by Deep Silver. The fourth installment in the Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War series, the game is set to be released for Windows PC in 2026.

King Art Games
King Art Games (stylized as KING Art Games) is a German video game developer. The company created the point-and-click adventure The Book of Unwritten Tales, including its prequel called The Critter Chronicles and the sequel The Book of Unwritten Tales 2. Their other project that uses similar gameplay mechanics, is the point-and-click adventure The Raven: Legacy of a Master Thief.

They have developed the turn-based strategy game Battle Worlds: Kronos. The studio also worked on the tactical role-playing game The Dwarves, which is based on the novel of the same name. Jan Theysen and Marc König established King Art Games in 2000 to focus on graphic adventure games and role-playing video games.

In January 2020 their Iron Harvest game won the "Best German Game" award at the Deutscher Entwicklerpreis, and the developer team also won "Best Game Design" and "Best Sound Design" and was nominated for "Best Graphic" and "Best Story".
Mr Dana Rina
Mister Dana Rina (Sinhala: මිස්ට ධන රින) is a 2007 Sri Lankan Sinhala comedy film directed and produced by Roy de Silva. It stars Arjuna Kamalanath and Sangeetha Weeraratne in lead roles along with Roshan Pilapitiya and Anarkali Akarsha. Music composed by Sangeeth Wickramasinghe. It is the 1083rd Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema. The film was released on 28 March 2010 in Chitra cinema, Kalutara.

Anarkali Akarsha
Anarkali Akarsha (Sinhala: අනර්කලී ආකර්ෂා;born 12 July 1987 as Anarkali Janina Jayatilaka) is a Sri Lankan actress, model, former politician and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Sri Lanka 2004 and represented Sri Lanka at the Miss World 2004 beauty pageant. She has worked as a brand ambassador & a fundraiser. She attended Colombo International School.
Bing Maps
Bing Maps (previously Live Search Maps, Windows Live Maps, Windows Live Local, and MSN Virtual Earth) is a web mapping service provided as a part of Microsoft's Bing suite of search engines and powered by the Bing Maps Platform framework which also support Bing Maps for Enterprise APIs and Azure Maps APIs. Since 2020, the map data is provided by TomTom, OpenStreetMap and others.

TomTom
TomTom N.V. is a Dutch multinational developer and creator of location technology and consumer electronics. Founded in 1991 and headquartered in Amsterdam, TomTom released its first generation of satellite navigation devices to market in 2004. As of 2019, the company has over 4,500 employees worldwide and operations in 29 countries throughout Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Americas.
Corollary
In mathematics and logic, a corollary (US: /ˈkɒrəˌlɛəri/, KORR-ə-lair-ee; UK: /kəˈrɒləri/, kər-OL-ər-ee) is a proposition which can be readily deduced from a previous, already proven proposition. A corollary could be a proposition that is incidentally proved while proving another proposition; it might also be used more casually to refer to something which naturally or incidentally accompanies something else.

Lemma (mathematics)
In mathematics and other fields, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem" or an "auxiliary theorem". In many cases, a lemma derives its importance from the theorem it aims to prove; however, a lemma can also turn out to be more important than originally thought.
Fanning Raid
The Fanning Raid was an action of the First World War involving a successful German attack on the Fanning island cable relay station. Vice Admiral Maximilian von Spee sent the light cruiser SMS Nürnberg along with the collier Titania to attack the station on 7 September 1914 while his East Asia Squadron was crossing the Pacific, en route to South America.

East Asia Squadron
The German East Asia Squadron (German: Kreuzergeschwader / Ostasiengeschwader) was an Imperial German Navy cruiser squadron which operated mainly in the Pacific Ocean between the mid-1890s until 1914, when it was destroyed at the Battle of the Falkland Islands. It was based at Germany's Jiaozhou Bay Leased Territory in China.
Larkana Division
Larkana Division  (Sindhi: لاڙڪاڻو ڊويزن) is an administrative division of the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It was created in 1980 by bifurcation of Sukkur Division. In 2000 abolished by General Pervaiz Musharraf rule but Sindh government restored it again on 11 July 2011. CNIC code of Larkana Division is 43.

Larkana is the divisional headquarters of Larkana Division. It comprises the following districts:

Larkana

Jacobabad

Kashmore

Qambar Shahdadkot

Shikarpur

Larkana
Larkana (Sindhi: لاڙڪانو‎, romanized: lāṛkāṇō; Urdu: لاڑکانہ, romanized: lāṛkāna) is a city located in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the 15th largest city of Pakistan by population. It is home to the Indus Valley civilization site Mohenjo-daro. The historic Indus River flows in east and south of the city.

The city is located within Larkana District. Formerly known as Chandka, Larkana is located on the south bank of the Ghar canal, about 40 miles (64 km) south of the town Shikarpur, and 36 miles (58 km) northeast of Mehar. With a population of 551,716 in the 2023 Census of Pakistan, it is the 4th most populated city of Sindh province (after Karachi, Hyderabad, and Sukkur), and the 19th most populated city in PAKISTAN.
Landfall Games
Landfall Games AB (commonly known as simply Landfall) is a Swedish independent video game developer and publisher based in Stockholm. It was founded in 2015 and is best known for developing or publishing video games such as Clustertruck (2016), Totally Accurate Battlegrounds (2018), Totally Accurate Battle Simulator (2021), Content Warning (2024) and Peak (2025).

Landfall is known for publishing their games on April Fools' Day. The studio specializes on physics-based games. On their official website, they describe themselves with a quote of Petter Henriksson, the COO of the company: "Small studio staying small. Makes physics games, also other games, sometimes funny. Doing well, now funds things sometimes, only cool stuff."

Clustertruck
Clustertruck is a 2016 platform game developed by the Swedish studio Landfall Games and published by tinyBuild. It consists of nine worlds in which the player must navigate by jumping on moving trucks to avoid obstacles and the ground, culminating in a boss fight. This concept originated from Landfall Games's founder, Wilhelm Nylund, picturing himself leaping across trucks to escape traffic.

Clustertruck was released for Linux, macOS, the PlayStation 4, Windows, and the Xbox One on September 27, 2016, followed by a version for the Nintendo Switch on March 15, 2018. While praised for its gameplay, graphics, and original soundtrack, its Nintendo Switch port was primarily criticized for its controls.
Electric bath (electrotherapy)
An electric bath is a 19th-century medical treatment in which high-voltage electrical apparatus was used for electrifying patients by causing an electric charge to build up on their bodies. In the US this process was known as Franklinization after Benjamin Franklin. The process became widely known after Franklin described it in the mid-18th century, but after that it was mostly practiced by quacks. Golding Bird brought it into the mainstream at Guy's Hospital in the mid-19th century and it fell into disuse in the early 20th century.

Quackery
Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or snake oil salesman". The term quack is a clipped form of the archaic term quacksalver, derived from Dutch: kwakzalver a "hawker of salve" or rather somebody who boasted about their salves, more commonly known as ointments. In the Middle Ages the term quack meant "shouting". The quacksalvers sold their wares at markets by shouting to gain attention.

Common elements of general quackery include questionable diagnoses using questionable diagnostic tests, as well as untested or refuted treatments, especially for serious diseases such as cancer. Quackery is often described as "health fraud" with the salient characteristic of aggressive promotion.
Deborah Hersman
Deborah A.P. Hersman (born May 7, 1970) is a former board member of the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board who served as its 12th chairman. She completed two terms as chairman and was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on October 16, 2013, for a third term. On March 11, 2014, she announced she would join the National Safety Council as its president and CEO. She is the former chief safety officer at Waymo.

National Transportation Safety Board
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is an independent U.S. government investigative agency responsible for civil transportation accident investigation. In this role, the NTSB investigates and reports on aviation accidents and incidents, certain types of highway crashes, ship and marine accidents, pipeline incidents, bridge failures, and railroad accidents. The NTSB is also in charge of investigating cases of hazardous materials releases that occur during transportation. The agency is based in Washington, D.C. It has three regional offices, located in Anchorage, Alaska; Aurora, Colorado; and Federal Way, Washington. The agency also operated a national training center at its Ashburn facility.
It's Not Her Name
It's Not Her Name, also known as Another Name (Original title: У нее другое имя) is a 2022 Russian thriller drama film directed by Veta Geraskina, from a screenplay by Lilya Akopyan and Veta Geraskina. It stars Svetlana Khodchenkova, Jakob Diehl, and introducing Katya Fedina. The films concept was presented at the 72nd International Cannes Film Festival.

Svetlana Khodchenkova
Svetlana Viktorovna Khodchenkova (Russian: Светла́на Ви́кторовна Хо́дченкова; born 21 January 1983) is a Russian film, television and theater actress. She is an Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (2018).
Orn Chanpolin
Orn Chanpolin (Khmer: អ៊ន ចាន់ប៉ូលីន, born 15 March 1998) is a Cambodian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Cambodian Premier League club Phnom Penh Crown, which he captains, and the Cambodia national team.

Phnom Penh Crown FC
Phnom Penh Crown Football Club (Khmer: ក្លឹបបាល់ទាត់ភ្នំពេញក្រោន), commonly referred to as Crown or PPC, is a Cambodian professional football club based in Sangkat Toul Sangke II, Khan Russey Keo, Phnom Penh. The club competes in the Cambodian Premier League, the top flight of Cambodian football.

Nicknamed the "Red Singha", the club was first formed as Smart United Football Club in 2001. Phnom Penh Crown is one of the most successful and prominent teams in Cambodia, having won a recorded eight league titles, the most of any team in Cambodian football. Alongside league success, Phnom Penh Crown also continued to win domestic cups, winning the Hun Sen Cup, Cambodian League Cup and the Cambodian Super Cup each twice. Phnom Penh Crown is also the only Cambodian club to reach the group stage and semi-finals of the AFC Cup. Its women's section plays in the Cambodian Women's League and took part in the AFC Women's Champions League.
Hyperawareness
Hyperawareness, or heightened awareness, is an altered state of consciousness in which a person experiences increased awareness or perception of their surrounding environment, body, and/or mind. It has been found to be an often-experienced effect of psychedelic drugs such as LSD.

Altered state of consciousness
An altered state of consciousness (ASC), also called an altered state of mind, altered mental status (AMS) or mind alteration, is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking state. It describes induced changes in one's mental state, almost always temporary. A synonymous phrase is "altered state of awareness".