hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hungarian orthography
Hungarian orthography (Hungarian: helyesírás, lit. 'correct writing') consists of rules defining the standard written form of the Hungarian language. It includes the spelling of lexical words, proper nouns and foreign words (loanwords) in themselves, with suffixes, and in compounds, as well as the hyphenation of words, punctuation, abbreviations, collation (alphabetical ordering), and other information (such as how to write dates).

Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics
The Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics (Hungarian: Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont) was created in 1949. It was under the supervision of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences from 1951 until 2019, when it was moved by a governmental decree to the supervision of Eötvös Loránd Research Network. The institute conduscts research in Hungarian linguistics, general, theoretical and applied linguistics, Uralic linguistics, and phonetics. The Institute also operates a public advice service on language and linguistics, prepares expert reports on relevant affairs on demand, and runs the Theoretical Linguistics Undergraduate and Doctoral Program jointly with Eötvös Loránd University.
Nisswa, Minnesota
Nisswa (/ˈnɪswə/ NISS-wə) is a city in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,967 at the 2020 census.  Nisswa is part of the Brainerd Micropolitan Statistical Area, near Gull Lake.

Brainerd, Minnesota
Brainerd (/ˈbreɪnərd/ BRAY-nərd) is a city in and the county seat of Crow Wing County, Minnesota, United States. Its population was 14,395 at the 2020 census. Brainerd straddles the Mississippi River several miles upstream from its confluence with the Crow Wing River, having been founded as a site for a railroad crossing above the confluence.

The Brainerd micropolitan area includes Cass and Crow Wing counties and had a population of 96,189 at the 2020 census. The city is well known for being the partial setting of the 1996 film Fargo.
The Telki
The Telki (Russian: The Тёлки) is a Russian dramatic television miniseries that premiered in 2022.  
It was directed by Maria Agranovich and is based on the novel The Telki. A Story of Unreal Love by Sergey Minaev.

The series stars Miloš Biković, Lyubov Aksyonova, Oksana Akinshina, and Paulina Andreeva in the lead roles.

Miloš Biković
Miloš Biković (Serbian Cyrillic: Милош Биковић; Russian: Милош Бикович; born January 13, 1988) is a Serbian and Russian actor and producer. His best known films are box office hits South Wind (2018), Serf (2019), Serf 2 and The Challenge (both 2023).

Biković initially gained recognition for his roles in Sunstroke (2014), Dukhless 2 (2015), and Beyond the Edge (2018). In 2020, he launched his own production company Archangel Digital Studios. He is the president of the Cinematography Group of the Serbian Chamber of Commerce and a member of the European Film Academy (EFA) since 2023.
Spartak Borisov
Spartak Stepanovich Borisov (Russian: Спартак Степанович Борисов; 22 November 1936 – 23 March 2022) was a Russian politician, businessman, builder, and developer. He served as the mayor of Yakutsk, the capital city of the Sakha (Yakutia), from 1995 to 1997. Borisov also served as Vice President of Sakha from 1998 until 2002 under the-then Head of the Sakha Republic, Mikhail Nikolayev. (The office of vice president of Sakha was later abolished in 2014).

Mikhail Nikolayev
Mikhail Yefimovich Nikolayev (Russian: Михаил Ефимович Николаев; 13 November 1937 – 4 August 2023) was a Russian Yakut politician who was the first President of the Sakha Republic, serving from 1991 to January 2002. He was succeeded by Vyacheslav Shtyrov.
Qutriyun
Qutriyun (also known as Iqlimiyyun or Regionalists) was a faction within the Ba'ath Party that promoted "Syria First" ideas instead of pan-Arabism. Their ideological beliefs were sometimes called "Regionalist Ba'athism." Yassin al-Hafiz, a communist who wrote a number of ideological works such as "Ba'athist experiment" (1963) or "A Few Theoretical Propositions" (1964), had a great influence on the ideology of early Syrian regionalists.

The Qutriyun were the most powerful faction in the Ba'ath Party since it seized power in Syria in 1963, and remained so until the fall of Syrian Ba'athism in 2024. The idea of "Qutriyunism" later also became the concept of Assadism. The term was later applied in the same derogatory manner to competing Islamist militias during the Syrian civil war. Within the party, they were opposed by the Qawmiyuri faction (Nationalists). The most prominent regionalist figures were considered to be Yusuf Zuayyin, Salah Jadid, Muhammad Umran and Hafez al-Assad.

Yusuf Zuayyin
Yusuf Zuayyin (Arabic: يوسف زعيّـن‎; 25 January 1931 – 10 January 2016) was a Syrian politician. A member of the Ba'ath Party, he served as Prime Minister of Syria in 1965 and again from 1966 to 1968. He was born in Abu Kamal.

After the 1970 coup, Zuayyin was arrested on November 13, 1970 and imprisoned for 11 years. He was released in 1981, being allowed to travel to the United Kingdom for medical treatment. After his recovery, he lived in Hungary and Sweden.

Zuayyin died after a long illness on 10 January 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden at the age of 84.
Tingri County
Tingri County (Tibetan: དིང་རི་རྫོང་།; simplified Chinese: 定日县; traditional Chinese: 定日縣; pinyin: Dìngrì Xiàn) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Shigatse in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.

The county comprises the upper valley of the Bum-chu or Arun River, with the valleys of its tributaries, the valleys of the Rongshar Tsangpo and the Lapchi Gang Tsangpo which flow south into Nepal. It is bordered on the south by the main range of the Himalayas, including Mount Everest (Tib. Jomolangma), Makalu and Cho Oyu. The present county administration is located at Shelkar, about 87 km (54 mi) east of Tingri (town).

Tingri is one of the four counties (the other three being Dinjie, Nyalam, and Kyirong) that comprise the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve, a protected area spanning 3.381 million hectares.

Cho Oyu
Cho Oyu (Nepali: चोयु; Tibetan: ཇོ་བོ་དབུ་ཡ; Chinese: 卓奥友峰) is the sixth-highest mountain in the world at 8,188 metres (26,864 ft) above sea level. Cho Oyu means "Turquoise Goddess" in Tibetan.  The mountain is the westernmost major peak of the Khumbu sub-section of the Mahalangur Himalaya 20 km west of Mount Everest.  The mountain stands on the China–Nepal border, between the Tibet Autonomous Region and Koshi Province.

Just a few kilometres west of Cho Oyu is Nangpa La (5,716m/18,753 ft), a glaciated pass that serves as the main trading route between the Tibetans and the Khumbu's Sherpas. This pass separates the Khumbu and Rolwaling Himalayas. Due to its proximity to this pass and the generally moderate slopes of the standard northwest ridge route, Cho Oyu is considered the easiest 8,000 metre peak to climb. It is a popular objective for professionally guided parties.
Focus Plays Focus
Focus Plays Focus is the first studio album by Dutch rock band Focus, released in September 1970 on Imperial Records. It is the only album recorded by the group's original line-up consisting of organist and vocalist Thijs van Leer, bassist Martijn Dresden, drummer Hans Cleuver, and guitarist Jan Akkerman. It was renamed In and Out of Focus for the international version of the album released in January 1971 which included their debut single "House of the King".

Jan Akkerman
Jan Akkerman (born 24 December 1946) is a Dutch guitarist. He first found international commercial success with the band Focus, which he co-founded with Thijs van Leer. After leaving Focus, he continued as a solo musician, adding jazz rock influences.
Isla Bryson case
Isla Annie Bryson is a transgender woman from Clydebank, Scotland, who, prior to transitioning in 2020, raped two women in 2016 and 2019, and was convicted of those offences in 2023. Bryson was charged, and first appeared in court in 2019.

Bryson was remanded to a women's prison while awaiting trial, and segregated from other prisoners pending risk assessment. Following public backlash, she was transferred to a men's prison. The case was used to criticise the Scottish Parliament's passage of the Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill, despite it having been blocked by the British government (using Section 35 of the Scotland Act 1998).

During the controversy, the Scottish Prison Service announced an "urgent review" into the location of transgender inmates, and announced that trans people would be initially imprisoned according to their assigned sex rather than gender identity, until assessment could determine which was ultimately more appropriate for the individual.

Scotland Act 1998
The Scotland Act 1998 (c. 46) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which legislated for the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament with tax varying powers and the Scottish Government (then Scottish Executive). It was one of the most significant constitutional pieces of legislation to be passed by the UK Parliament between the passing of the European Communities Act 1972 and the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and is the most significant piece of legislation to affect Scotland since the Acts of Union 1707 which ratified the Treaty of Union and led to the disbandment of the Parliament of Scotland.
Sierra Leone at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Sierra Leone sent a delegation to compete at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016. This was the nation's third time competing at the Summer Paralympic Games after it made its debut twenty years prior at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. The delegation consisted of a single athlete, table tennis player George Wyndham, who lost both of his preliminary round matches to Zhang Yan of China and Thailand's Wanchai Chaiwut in the men's singles class 4 tournament and advanced no further in the competition.

Zhang Yan (table tennis)
Zhang Yan (Chinese: 张岩, born 25 July 1967) is a Chinese para table tennis player. He has won five medals from three Paralympic Games (2004, 2008, and 2012).

As a child, Zhang displayed special talent in table tennis, and he was selected to the Zhengzhou youth team, living away from home, when he was just eight years old. When he was ten years old, he had an acute onset of rheumatoid arthritis, which slowly debilitated him.
Johnny Morris (businessman)
John L. Morris (born 1948) is an American billionaire businessman, and the founder, majority owner, and CEO of Bass Pro Shops, a hunting and fishing retail chain in the US and Canada. As of December 2025, his net worth was estimated at US$8.4 billion. He also owns White River Marine Group, Top of the Rock, Big Cedar Lodge, and Cabela's.

Cabela's
Cabela's Inc. is an American retailer that specializes in hunting, fishing, boating, camping, and other outdoor recreation merchandise. The chain was founded by Richard N. Cabela and Jim Cabela in 1961. Cabela's was acquired by Springfield, Missouri-based Bass Pro Shops in 2017 and has been a subsidiary since then. The brand’s retail locations feature wildlife exhibits and outdoor designs, and are viewed as tourist attractions.
This Is the Moment!
This Is the Moment! (subtitled Kenny Dorham Sings and Plays) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1958 and released on the Riverside label. Dorham sings on the album, for the first and only time in his discography. The album marks the recording debut of pianist Cedar Walton.

Kenny Dorham
McKinley Howard "Kenny" Dorham (August 30, 1924 – December 5, 1972) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and occasional singer. Dorham's talent is frequently lauded by critics and other musicians, but he never received the kind of attention or public recognition from the jazz establishment that many of his peers did. For this reason, writer Gary Giddins said that Dorham's name has become "virtually synonymous with 'underrated'."

Dorham also composed the bossa nova jazz standard "Blue Bossa", which was first recorded by his associate Joe Henderson.
Overpayment scam
An overpayment scam, also known as a refund scam, is a type of confidence trick designed to prey upon victims' good faith. In the most basic form, an overpayment scam consists of a scammer claiming, falsely, to have sent a victim an excess amount of money. The scammer then attempts to convince the victim to return the difference between the sent amount and the intended amount. This scam can take a number of forms, including check overpayment scams and online refund scams.

Good faith
In human interactions, good faith (Latin: bona fidēs) is a sincere intention to be fair, open, and honest, regardless of the outcome of the interaction. It is an important concept within law and business. The opposed concepts are bad faith, mala fides (duplicity) and perfidy (pretense).
Smørstein Tunnel
The Smørstein Tunnel is a 288-meter (945 ft) tunnel located at Smørstein in  Holmestrand, Norway. The tunnel carried a single, electrified track of the Vestfold Line. The need for a tunnel arose after a 19 August 1918 landslide washed away the railway past Smørstein. A temporary track was in place from 28 October, but the Norwegian State Railways (NSB) determined that the geology was too unstable and thus decided to build a tunnel to avoid the poor geological conditions. The tunnel opened on 25 May 1921 and was until 2010 the only tunnel on the Vestfold Line between Drammen and Larvik. The tunnel was closed in 2016 with the opening of the Holmestrandsporten tunnel, and converted to a bicycle tunnel along with the rest of the old railway line.

Drammen
Drammen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud, Svelvik, Mjøndalen and Skoger.
Jones Worldwide
Jones Worldwide (JWW) formerly Jones Music, is a Nigerian music and management company, providing Artist & Label services. The company is led by its chief executive officer Shay Jones, the former vice president, and Head of Artists and repertoire at The Aristokrat Group. Jones Worldwide currently houses artists Seyi Shay, Ijekimora, with producers Kel-P, and Bruno Aikore.

Seyi Shay
Deborah Oluwaseyi Joshua (listenⓘ; born 21 December 1985), known professionally as Seyi Shay, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and actress. She was a member of From Above, a now-defunct girl group that was previously signed to Columbia Records and managed by Mathew Knowles. Shay relocated to Nigeria after the group disbanded in 2011, and signed a record deal with Flytime Music. She released her debut studio album, Seyi or Shay, in November 2015. It was supported by several singles, including "Murda", "Crazy", "Jangilova", and "Right Now". In January 2021, Shay signed a publishing deal with the French division of Universal Music Publishing Group. Her second studio album, Big Girl, was released on 10 December 2021.
Nie Er
Nie Er (14 February 1912 – 17 July 1935), born Nie Shouxin, courtesy name Ziyi (子義 or 紫藝), was a Chinese composer best known for March of the Volunteers, the national anthem of People's Republic of China.  In numerous Shanghai magazines, he went by the English name George Njal, after a character in Njal's Saga.

Xian Xinghai
Xian Xinghai or Sin Sing Hoi (Chinese: 冼星海; pinyin: Xiǎn Xīnghǎi; Wade–Giles: Hsien Hsing-hai; Yale Romanization: Syǎn Syīng-Hǎi; 13 June 1905 – 30 October 1945) was a Macanese composer. He was among the first composers in his country to draw on western classical music and has influenced many later Chinese musicians. Xian composed in the major musical forms (two symphonies, a violin concerto, four large scale choral works, nearly 300 songs and an opera), and is best known for the Yellow River Cantata upon which the Yellow River Piano Concerto is based.
Tilt Cove
Tilt Cove (/tɪlt koʊv/) is a town located southeast of Baie Verte on Notre Dame Bay and was founded in 1813. With an official population of 5 at the 2021 census, Tilt Cove is known as "Canada's smallest town." A source of gold, copper, and zinc ores, Tilt Cove was the site of the first mine in Newfoundland. The Tilt Cove mine opened in 1864 and "was soon employing several hundred men at good wages". Postal service was established in 1869.

The population was 1,370 in 1901 but had fallen to 57 by 1956.

In November 2023, the four permanent residents of Tilt Cove, two married couples, voted in favour of relocating. They relocated in 2025.

Baie Verte, Newfoundland and Labrador
Baie Verte (2021 Population 1,311) is a town located on the north coast of the island portion of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador on the Baie Verte Peninsula.

The French named the area for its greenness, "green bay."
Evangelos Florakis
Evangelos Florakis (Greek: Ευάγγελος Φλωράκης, Tzoumerka 14 February 1943 – Paphos 10 July 2002) was a Greek Army officer who rose to the rank of lieutenant general. After retiring from the Hellenic Army, from 2000 until his death in a helicopter accident in 2002 he commanded the Cypriot National Guard.

Tzoumerka
Tzoumerka (Greek: Τζουμέρκα) is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality North Tzoumerka, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 71.10 km2. Population 717 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Chouliarades.

During the Axis occupation of Greece (1941-1944) the main base of the EDES resistance organization was found in the Tzoumerka mountain.
Enat Party
Enat Party (Amharic: እናት ፓርቲ) is a political party in Ethiopia founded in 2019. After its registration by National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE), the party grew its popularity behind the Prosperity Party and Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice and emerged as opposition group. According to the party's Deputy President Seife Selassie Ayalew, "Enat party proposes a philosophy comprised of conservatism, social democracy and liberalism". In addition to these ideologies, Enat holds its position of historical form of Ethiopian nationalism with moderate Western political philosophies.

Opposition (politics)
In politics, the opposition comprises one or more political parties or other organized groups that are opposed to the government, party or group in political control of a city, region, state, country or other political body.

The degree of opposition varies according to political conditions. For example, in authoritarian and democratic systems, opposition may be respectively repressed or desired. Members of an opposition generally serve as antagonists to the other parties. Political opposition is generally considered a key aspect of democracy, as the opposition restrains the incumbent government and seeks to enlarge the rights available to those out of power. According to Seymour Martin Lipset, "over time, in both new and revived democracies, conflict between the governing and opposition parties helps establish democratic norms and rules."
Zeta function regularization
In mathematics and theoretical physics, zeta function regularization is a type of regularization or summability method that assigns finite values to divergent sums or products, and in particular can be used to define determinants and traces of some self-adjoint operators. The technique is now commonly applied to problems in physics, but has its origins in attempts to give precise meanings to ill-conditioned sums appearing in number theory.

Zeta function (operator)
The zeta function of a mathematical operator  is a function defined as

for those values of s where this expression exists, and as an analytic continuation of this function for other values of s.  Here "tr" denotes a functional trace.

The zeta function may also be expressible as a spectral zeta function in terms of the eigenvalues  of the operator  by

.

It is used in giving a rigorous definition to the functional determinant of an operator, which is given by

The Minakshisundaram–Pleijel zeta function is an example, when the operator is the Laplacian of a compact Riemannian manifold.

One of the most important motivations for Arakelov theory is the zeta functions for operators with the method of heat kernels generalized algebro-geometrically.
Fadi Haddad
Fadi Haddad (born 21 December 1974) Lebanese music video and movies director who works with the biggest music studios in Lebanon and the Arab world such as Rotana Group and Lifestylez, and have worked with many famous Arab singers such as George Wassouf, Walid Toufic, Abdallah Al Rowaished Rami Ayach, Majid Al Mohandis, Saber Rebaï, Nancy Ajram, Diana Haddad, Assi Hellani, Najwa Karam, Fares Karam, Mayada El Hennawy, Nawal Al Zoghbi, Dina Hayek, Yara and Wael Jassar. Additionally, he worked on TV commercials for Lebanon and the Arab world for international Brands such as Samsung and MAC cosmetics. He also directed many films such as Mahraja in 2018 and "Meheret" in 2021. In 2007, he launched his own Production house Retina Films and became the first director to have his own film equipment and offer full production services and shooting studios for music videos, TV commercials and films.

Ramy Ayach
Ramy Abu Ayach (Arabic: رامي ابوعياش, born August 18, 1980) is a Lebanese singer, composer, and actor. Commonly referred to as the "Pop Star" in the Arab world for his impact and contribution to the contemporary Arab music scene and Pop Culture, Ayach is a winner of the most prestigious Pan-Arab awards, and is behind some of the most recognizable Arab hits of the modern era such as "Mabrouk", "Albi Mal", "Khalini Ma3ak", "El Nas El Ray2a", and "Majnoun". Also an actor, his most recent role was in the hit drama series "Amir El Leil".
Prableen Kaur
Prableen Kaur (born 20 March 1993) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

She is from Romsås and of Punjabi Sikh descent. She was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo in 2013. As Hadia Tajik from Oslo was a member of the outgoing Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet, Kaur met as a regular representative during the two weeks before the cabinet change. As of 2016, she had declined [being a candidate] for [the parliamentary] election [in 2017].

In 2011, she survived the Utøya massacre. She was deputy leader of the Oslo Workers' Youth League, a post she left in February 2012. In the 2011 Norwegian local elections she was elected into Oslo city council, as the youngest representative ever. The Norwegian magazine Ny Tid voted Kaur as "Norwegian of the year 2011".

She attended Oslo Cathedral School.

Hadia Tajik
Hadia Tajik (born 18 July 1983) is a Pakistani-Norwegian jurist, journalist and politician from the Labour Party. She served as Minister of Labour and Social Inclusion from 2021 to 2022, where after several tax evasions and misuse of appointed apartments, she resigned from the post. She previously served as Minister of Culture from 2012 to 2013. She was 29 years of age at the time and became the youngest minister to serve in the Norwegian government. She is the first Cabinet member that is a Muslim. Tajik served as a Member of Parliament representing Rogaland from 2017 to 2025, and Oslo from 2009 to 2017. She was also the party's deputy leader from 2015 until 2022.