hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Manassas Line
The Manassas Line is a Virginia Railway Express commuter rail service that extends from Washington, D.C., to Bristow, Virginia. The first of VRE's two lines, with service beginning on June 22, 1992, the line operates on tracks owned by CSX Transportation (the RF&P Subdivision) and Virginia Passenger Rail Authority.

The line got around 5,062 boardings per day in April 2025.

Amtrak Virginia
Amtrak Virginia is the collective name for Virginia's state-supported Amtrak train service, all of which falls under the Northeast Regional brand. Amtrak Virginia trains run between Washington, D.C., and one of four southern termini: Richmond, Newport News, Norfolk, or Roanoke. Trains generally continue north from D.C. along the Northeast Corridor, providing one-seat rides from Virginia to Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, and Boston.

The Virginia Passenger Rail Authority has overseen Amtrak Virginia since 2020.
South Lake Tahoe (Nevada gaming area)
The NGCB South Lake Tahoe is a partial list of casinos in Douglas County, Nevada. Three other casinos in Douglas county are grouped with the 11 in Carson City, and are referred to as Carson Valley.

Although five licenses are in the county, one is just the race and sports book for the larger casino. Harvey's Resort Hotel dominates this county, and is the only casino with gaming revenue greater than $72 million per year.

Carson Valley Area
Carson Valley gaming area consists of 11 casinos in the limits of Carson City, Nevada, plus three casinos in Douglas County that are physically located in the same valley. The three casinos in Douglas County are:

Carson Valley Inn

Sharkey's Nugget

Topaz Lodge And Casino

The casinos in the valley are small compared to the ones in Reno/Sparks. None of them earned more than $72 million in fiscal year 2008. Collectively they have 700 rooms with none more than 152 rooms.
The Daffy Duckaroo
The Daffy Duckaroo is a Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Norman McCabe. The cartoon was released on October 24, 1942, and stars Daffy Duck. The film is set in the American West, and Daffy plays a singing cowboy (a genre of Western film popular at the time).

Singing cowboy
A singing cowboy was a subtype of the archetypal cowboy hero of early Western films. It references real-world campfire side ballads in the American frontier. The original cowboys sang of life on the trail with all the challenges, hardships, and dangers encountered while pushing cattle for miles up the trails and across the prairies. This continues with modern vaquero traditions and within the genre of Western music, and its related New Mexico, Red Dirt, Tejano, and Texas country music styles. A number of songs have been written and made famous by groups like the Sons of the Pioneers and Riders in the Sky and individual performers such as Marty Robbins, Gene Autry, Roy Rogers, Tex Ritter, Bob Baker and other "singing cowboys". Singing in the wrangler style, these entertainers have served to preserve the cowboy as a unique American hero.
Adalberto Jordan
Adalberto Jose Jordan (born December 7, 1961) is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. He is also an adjunct professor at the University of Miami School of Law, his alma mater, and at Florida International University's College of Law. In February 2016, The New York Times identified Jordan as a potential Supreme Court nominee to replace Justice Antonin Scalia. In early March, Jordan removed himself from consideration.

Adjunct professor
An adjunct professor is a type of academic appointment in higher education who does not work at the establishment full-time. The terms of this appointment and the job security of the tenure vary in different parts of the world, but the term is generally agreed to mean a bona-fide part-time faculty member in an adjunct position at an institution of higher education.
Marty Flynn
Martin Bradshaw "Marty" Flynn Jr. (born September 18, 1975) is an American politician. He is a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate and he previously served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Flynn is a member of the Democratic Party.

Flynn graduated from Scranton Preparatory School and Marywood University before becoming a professional boxer and mixed martial arts fighter. Flynn worked as a prison guard before winning election to the Pennsylvania House to represent the 113th district in 2012. In 2021, Flynn won a special election to represent the 22nd district of the Pennsylvania Senate.

Prison officer
A prison officer (PO) or corrections officer (CO), also known as a correctional law enforcement officer or less formally as a prison guard, is a uniformed law enforcement official responsible for the custody, supervision, safety, and regulation of prisoners.
Yaoundé stadium disaster
On 24 January 2022, at least eight people were killed in a crowd crush at the south entrance of Olembe Stadium in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The incident occurred as fans were attempting to enter the arena to watch a football match between Cameroon and the Comoros at the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.

Comoros national football team
The Comoros national football team represents the Comoros in international football and is controlled by the Comoros Football Federation. It was formed in 1979, joined the Confederation of African Football (CAF) in 2003, and became a FIFA member in 2005. Comoros qualified for their first major tournament in 2021, after their 0–0 draw with Togo assured them of a place in the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Oklahoma
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Oklahoma refers to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its members in Oklahoma. Official church membership as a percentage of general population was 1.20% in 2014. According to the 2014 Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey, 1% of Oklahomans self-identify themselves most closely with the LDS Church. The LDS Church is the 8th largest denomination in Oklahoma.

The history of the denomination in what would become Oklahoma begins in the 1840s and the Indian Territory Mission was created and placed under the leadership of George Miller in 1855. The first temple in Oklahoma was dedicated in 2000. The eleven stakes based in Oklahoma are located in Bartlesville, Broken Arrow, Edmond, Gore, Lawton, Norman, Oklahoma City, Owasso, Stillwater and Tulsa.

Gore, Oklahoma
Gore is a town in western Sequoyah County, Oklahoma, United States. It is part of the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, Gore had a population of 951.

Gore claims to be the "trout capital of Oklahoma", with great fishing in Lake Tenkiller, the Illinois River, and the Arkansas River.
Shustoke
Shustoke is a village in the North Warwickshire district of the county of Warwickshire in England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 549. It is situated 2.5 miles northeast of Coleshill (the nearest town), 7.5 miles southwest of Atherstone, 9.5 miles west of Nuneaton and 12.5 miles east-northeast of Birmingham. It includes the sub-village of Church End half-a-mile to the east, where the parish church of Saint Cuthbert's is situated.

Coleshill, Warwickshire
Coleshill (/ˈkoʊzɪl/ KOH-zil) is a market town and civil parish in the North Warwickshire district of Warwickshire, England, taking its name from the River Cole, on which it stands. It had a population of 6,900 in the 2021 Census, and is situated 11 miles (18 km) east of Birmingham, 8.5 miles (13.7 km) southeast of Sutton Coldfield, 11 miles (18 km) south of Tamworth, 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Coventry by road and 12.5 miles (20 km) west of Nuneaton. It borders the suburban parish village of Kingshurst in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull to the west. It is also home to the 505-year-old Coleshill School seated next to the dual carriageway.
The Needles
The Needles are a row of three stacks of chalk that rise about 30 metres (98 ft) out of the sea off the western extremity of the Isle of Wight in the English Channel, United Kingdom, close to Alum Bay and Scratchell's Bay, and part of Totland, the westernmost civil parish of the Isle of Wight. The Needles Lighthouse stands at the outer, western end of the formation. Built in 1859, it has been automated since 1994. The waters and adjoining seabed form part of the Needles Marine Conservation Zone and the Needles along with the shore and heath above are part of the Headon Warren and West High Down Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed under the sea by the accumulation and lithification of hard parts of organisms, mostly microscopic plankton, which had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel.

Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for "blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum.
Stupart Island
Stupart Island is one of the uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Nunavut, Canada. It lies in the Arctic Ocean, south-east of Lougheed Island and west of Edmund Walker Island. It is part of the Findlay Group.

Edmund Walker Island
Edmund Walker Island is one of the Canadian arctic islands in Nunavut, Canada. It lies in the Arctic Ocean, south-east of Lougheed Island and north-west of Grosvenor Island. It is part of the Findlay Group.
Josip Ferfolja
Josip Ferfolja (27 September 1880 – 11 December 1958) was a Slovene lawyer and social democratic politician, and human rights activist from the Province of Gorizia. Although he was an Italian citizen for most of his life, he considered himself foremost a Slovenian.

Province of Gorizia
The province of Gorizia (Italian: provincia di Gorizia; Slovene: Goriška pokrajina; Friulian: provincie di Gurize) was a province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Initially disbanded on 30 September 2017, it was reestablished in 2019 as the regional decentralization entity of Gorizia (Italian: ente di decentramento regionale di Gorizia; Slovene: enota deželne decentralizacije Gorica; Friulian: ent di decentrament regjonâl di Gurize), and was reactivated on 1 July 2020.
Nadezhda Shkolkina
Nadezhda Vasilievna Shkolkina (Russian: Надежда Васильевна Школкина; 12 May 1970, Saransk) is a Russian political figure and deputy of the 5th, 6th, and 8th State Dumas. In 2010, she was granted a Candidate of Sciences in Economics degree.

From 1992 to 1998, Shkolkina worked in various commercial enterprises. In 2006-2010, she headed Public Council under the Ministry of Agriculture. From 2010 to 2011, she was a member of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. In 2007, she joined the United Russia. In 2007, 2011, and 2021, Shkolkina was elected deputy of the 5th, 6th, and 8th State Dumas, respectively.

In 2013, Dissernet accused Shkolkina of plagiarizing parts of her Candidate of Sciences dissertation.

6th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 6th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации VI созыва) is a former convocation of the legislative branch of the State Duma, Lower House of the Russian Parliament. The 6th convocation meets at the State Duma building in Moscow, having begun its term on December 21, 2011 following the last session of the 5th State Duma. The term of office expired October 5, 2016, when the next parliamentary elections.

The 6th State Duma's composition was based upon the results of the 2011 parliamentary election. Of the seven parties participating in the elections, only four were able to overcome the 7% election threshold to gain representation based upon the proportional representation system.
Kapangyarihan
"Kapangyarihan" (lit. 'Power') is a song by Filipino folk-pop band Ben&Ben, featuring P-pop boy band SB19. It was released as a digital single from their second album Pebble House, Vol. 1: Kuwaderno on August 29, 2021, through Sony Music Philippines. Written by band members and twins Miguel and Paolo Benjamin Guico and SB19 leader Pablo, it is a folk rock and hip-hop track that calls for accountability and condemns the misuse and dissemination of deceit by those in power. Additionally, the track was featured as an opening theme song for the 2024 Philippine war drama Pulang Araw and has since become a protest anthem in the Philippines. It was also associated with "Baha sa Luneta" (lit. 'Flood in Luneta') and "Trillion Peso March" protests held nationwide in September 2025.

Baha sa Luneta
Baha sa Luneta: Aksyon na Laban sa Korapsyon (lit. 'Flood in Luneta: Act now against Corruption'), or simply known as Baha sa Luneta is a series of mass demonstrations on September 21, 2025. Organized by Taumbayan Ayaw sa Magnanakaw at Abusado Network, university groups, and activist groups. The protests are being held in response to alleged corruption in government flood control project infrastructure projects. An estimated 100,000 people took part in the demonstrations.
Consequence of Chaos
Consequence of Chaos is an album by Italian-American jazz fusion and Latin jazz guitarist Al Di Meola, released in 2006. The album features guest appearances by Chick Corea, Steve Gadd, John Patitucci and Barry Miles.

Steve Gadd
Stephen Kendall Gadd (born April 9, 1945) is an American drummer and session musician. Gadd is one of the best-known and most highly regarded session and studio drummers in the industry, recognized by his induction into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1984. Gadd's performances on Paul Simon's "50 Ways to Leave Your Lover" (1976) and "Late in the Evening" (1980), Herbie Mann's "Hi-jack" (1975) and Steely Dan's "Aja" (1977) are examples of his style. He has worked with other popular musicians from many genres including Van McCoy, Simon & Garfunkel, James Taylor, Chick Corea, Chuck Mangione, Randy Crawford, Eric Clapton, Michel Petrucciani, Paul McCartney, and David Gilmour.
Dulwich Hill
Dulwich Hill is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 7.5 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of Inner West Council. Dulwich Hill stretches south to the shore of the Cooks River.

Cooks River
The Cooks River, a semi-mature tide-dominated drowned valley estuary, is a tributary of Botany Bay, located in southern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The course of the 23-kilometre-long (14 mi) urban waterway has been altered to accommodate various developments along its shore. It serves as part of a stormwater system for the 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi) of its watershed, and many of the original streams running into it have been turned into concrete lined channels. The tidal sections support significant areas of mangrove ecosystems and are used for recreational activities.
Subarna Jwarchan
Subarna Jwarchan is a Nepalese politician currently serving as a member of parliament at the House of Representatives for Nepali Congress as a list MP. She was elected to the parliament as a replacement for Gyan Kumari Chhantyal who had died.

Gyan Kumari Chhantyal
Gyan Kumari Chhantyal (Nepali: ज्ञानकुमारी छन्त्याल) (1953/1954 – 1 July 2020) was a member of 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly. She won Baglung–3 seat in CA assembly, 2013 from Nepali Congress. Gyan was born in Tamankhola rural Municipality-5 of Baglung,
Punam Krishan
Punam Krishan (born 28 May 1983) is a Scottish doctor, TV personality, and author. Born in Glasgow, she married Sandesh Gulhane and took a post at a medical partnership but left after burning out and became a locum general practitioner (GP). She has presented the BBC Scotland series Laid Bare, appeared on Morning Live and The Weakest Link, and written a Glasgow Times medical column and children's book. In 2024, she placed eleventh on the twenty-second series of Strictly Come Dancing with her professional dance partner Gorka Márquez.

Glasgow Times
The Glasgow Times is an evening tabloid newspaper published Monday to Saturday in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Called The Evening Times from 1876, it was rebranded as the Glasgow Times on 4 December 2019.
Ajay Gupta
Ajay Gupta is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the Amritsar Central Assembly constituency in the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Aam Aadmi Party.  He was elected as the MLA in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.

2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Punjab on 20 February 2022 to elect the 117 members of the 16th Assembly of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 10 March 2022.

The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly by winning 92 out of 117 seats. AAP Punjab convener and MP Bhagwant Mann was sworn in as Chief Minister on 16 March 2022. Mann ministry was formed with 10 cabinet ministers on 19 March 2022.
Semi-locally simply connected
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, the semi-locally simply connected (or semilocally simply connected) property is a certain local connectedness condition that arises in the theory of covering spaces. Roughly speaking, a topological space X is semi-locally simply connected if there is a lower bound on the sizes of the “holes” in X. This condition is necessary for most of the theory of covering spaces, including the existence of a universal cover and the Galois correspondence between covering spaces and subgroups of the fundamental group.

Most “nice” spaces such as manifolds and CW complexes are semi-locally simply connected, and topological spaces that do not satisfy this condition are considered somewhat pathological. The standard example of a non-semi-locally simply connected space is the Hawaiian earring.

CW complex
In mathematics, and specifically in topology, a CW complex (also cellular complex or cell complex) is a topological space that is built by gluing together topological balls (so-called cells) of different dimensions in specific ways. The notion generalizes both manifolds and simplicial complexes and has particular significance for algebraic topology. It was initially introduced by J. H. C. Whitehead to meet the needs of homotopy theory.
CW complexes have better categorical properties than simplicial complexes, but still retain a combinatorial nature that allows for computation (often with a much smaller complex).

The C in CW stands for "closure-finite", and the W for "weak" topology.
Michigan Central Railroad
The Michigan Central Railroad (reporting mark MC) was originally chartered in 1832 to establish rail service between Detroit, Michigan, and St. Joseph, Michigan. The railroad later operated in the states of Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois in the United States and the province of Ontario in Canada. After about 1867 the railroad was controlled by the New York Central Railroad, which later became part of Penn Central and then Conrail. After the 1998 Conrail breakup, Norfolk Southern Railway now owns much of the former Michigan Central trackage.

At the end of 1925, MC operated 1,871 miles (3,011 km) of road and 4,139 miles (6,661 km) of track; that year it reported 4,304,000 net ton-miles of revenue freight and 600 million passenger-miles.

Penn Central Transportation Company
The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American class I railroad that operated from 1968 to 1976. Penn Central combined three traditional corporate rivals (the Pennsylvania, New York Central and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads), each of which were united by large-scale service into the New York metropolitan area and to a lesser extent New England and Chicago.

Barely two years after its formation, the new company failed, representing the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history at the time. Penn Central's railroad assets were subsequently nationalized into Conrail along with those of other bankrupt northeastern railroads; its real estate and insurance holdings successfully reorganized into American Premier Underwriters.
2016 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team
The 2016 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team represented Jacksonville State University as a member of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) during the 2016 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by third-year head coach John Grass, the Gamecocks compiled an overall record of 10–2 with a mark of 7–0 in conference play, winning the OVC title for the third consecutive season. Jacksonville State received the OVC's automatic bid to the NCAA Division I Football Championship playoffs. After a first-round bye, the Gamecocks lost in the second round to the eventual national runner-up, Youngstown State. The team played home games at Burgess–Snow Field at JSU Stadium in Jacksonville, Alabama. The team played home games at Burgess–Snow Field at JSU Stadium in Jacksonville, Alabama.

AmFirst Stadium
Burgess–Snow Field at AmFirst Stadium is a 22,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Jacksonville, Alabama. It opened in 1947 and is home to the Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team. It was also home to the Jacksonville High School Golden Eagles football team until 2004, when they moved to a new stadium on the grounds of the high school campus. It also served as home to Jacksonville Christian Academy's football team from 2005 until September 27, 2007, when JCA opened an on campus football field.
1972 Harlem mosque incident
The 1972 Harlem mosque attack occurred on April 14, 1972, when a New York City Police Department (NYPD) officer was shot and fatally wounded at the Nation of Islam Mosque No. 7 in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, United States. The officer responded to a fake emergency call, but was shot and died from his wounds six days later. The incident sparked political and public outcry about mishandling of the incident by the NYPD and the administration of Mayor John V. Lindsay.

John Lindsay
John Vliet Lindsay (/vliːt/; November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American politician and lawyer. During his political career, Lindsay was a U.S. congressman, the mayor of New York City, and a candidate for U.S. president. He was also a regular guest host of Good Morning America. Lindsay served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from January 1959 to December 1965 and as mayor of New York from January 1966 to December 1973.

In 1971, during his second term as mayor, Lindsay switched from the Republican to the Democratic Party. That same year, he launched a brief and unsuccessful bid for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination. He made an unsuccessful bid to become the Democratic candidate in the 1980 U.S. Senate election in New York.