hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Franz Meyen
Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen (28 June 1804 – 2 September 1840) was a Prussian physician and botanist.

Meyen was born in Tilsit, East Prussia. In 1830 he wrote Phytotomie, the first major study of plant anatomy. Between 1830 and 1832, he took part in an expedition to South America on board the Prinzess Luise, visiting Peru and Bolivia, describing species then new to science such as the Humboldt penguin.

From 1823 to 1826, he studied medicine at the University of Berlin, followed by service as a military surgeon at the Charité in Berlin. In 1834 he became an associate professor of botany in Berlin. With Heinrich Friedrich Link, he was co-editor of the journal Jahresberichte über die Arbeiten für physiologische Botanik (1837–1839).

He died in Berlin in 1840.

Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link
Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link (2 February 1767 – 1 January 1851) was a German naturalist and botanist. The standard author abbreviation Link is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
Sexual selection in fungi
Sexual selection has been observed in fungi as a part of their reproduction, although they also often reproduce asexually. In the basidiomycetes, the sex ratio is biased towards males, implying sexual selection there. Male–male competition to fertilize occurs in fungi including yeasts. Pheromone signaling is used by female gametes and by conidia, implying male choice in these cases. Female–female competition may also occur, indicated by the much faster evolution of female-biased genes in fungi.

Sex pheromone
Sex pheromones are pheromones released by an organism to attract an individual of the same species, encourage it to mate with it, or perform some other function closely related with sexual reproduction.
Sex pheromones specifically focus on indicating females for breeding, attracting the opposite sex, and conveying information on species, age, sex and genotype. Non-volatile pheromones, or cuticular contact pheromones, are more closely related to social insects as they are usually detected by direct contact with chemoreceptors on the antennae or feet of insects.

Insect sex pheromones have found uses in monitoring and trapping of pest insects.
Alex Biega (ice hockey)
Alex Biega (born April 4, 1988) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. Biega was selected by the Buffalo Sabres in the 5th round (147th overall) of the 2006 NHL entry draft and played the majority of his career with the Vancouver Canucks.

2006 NHL entry draft
The 2006 NHL entry draft was the 44th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held at General Motors Place in Vancouver, British Columbia, on June 24, 2006.

The draft order for the first 14 picks was decided during a lottery held on April 20, 2006. The draft was televised in Canada on TSN and RDS, with the first three hours simulcast in the United States on OLN.

As of 2025, there are 11 active NHL players from this draft year.
Piet van Deventer
Pieter Ignatius van Deventer (6 June 1946 – 16 March 2013) was a South African international rugby union player.

Born in Krugersdorp, Transvaal, van Deventer attended school in Barkly East and briefly served as a police officer, before picking up work at a manganese mine in Griqualand West, and later the West Rand mines of Western Transvaal.

Primarily an open–side flanker, van Deventer made his representative debut for Griqualand West aged 19. He represented the Springboks in 12 uncapped matches on their 1969–70 tour of Britain and Ireland, but couldn't dislodge Jan Ellis or Piet Greyling for any of the internationals. In the only match a place became vacant, against England, the selectors opted to give a debut to Albie Bates. He was a member of the Griqualand West team which won the 1970 Currie Cup final over Northern Transvaal in Kimberley and finished his career representing Western Transvaal.

Piet Greyling
Pieter Johannes Frederik 'Piet' Greyling, born 16 May 1942 in Zastron, South Africa, is a South African rugby union player who has represented the national team, the Springboks, 43 times, captaining them once, and scoring 5 tries in total. Greyling has been described as one of the best and toughest flanks, and is best known for his pairing with Jan Ellis in 24 tests.
Brattle Hall
Brattle Hall is a historic building along Brattle Street near Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was constructed in 1889 for the Cambridge Social Union – established in 1871 – when that organization moved into the adjacent William Brattle House that year. Brattle Hall was built to house the organization's library, and to provide a space for larger meetings and social functions. Brattle Hall was designed by Longfellow, Alden & Harlow, originally in the Dutch Colonial Revival style, but it acquired more of a Colonial Revival feel with the 1907 addition of brick ends, designed by Charles Cogswell.

The building continues to serve as a social center today.  It houses the Brattle Theatre, a repertory movie house operated by a local non-profit since 1953, a restaurant in its basement, and a coffee shop on its first level.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and included in an expansion of the Harvard Square Historic District in 1988.

William Brattle House
The William Brattle House is an historic house in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. It is one of the seven Colonial mansions described by historian Samuel Atkins Eliot as making up Tory Row, housing several prominent figures in early colonial history. It remains in use by the Cambridge Center for Adult Education.
Khuashak Tsokali
Khuashak Tsokali (Georgian: ხუაშაქ ცოქალი) (also Khvashag Tsokali, Huashak Tsokali, Hwashak Tsokali) was a Georgian politician. She was the wife of an aristocrat of the blood and high official, Bega Surameli, and was also the mother of Rati the Eristavt-Eristavi (Grand-duke) of Kartli. Khuashak Tsokali was one of two female dignitaries (the other being Karvai Jaqeli) who negotiated on behalf of George III's successor, Tamar, to secure a peace deal with the rebellious political faction led by Qutlu Arslan c. 1184. The negotiators managed to bring an end to the conflict, with mutual concessions on both sides.

Surameli
The House of Surameli (Georgian: სურამელი; pl. სურამელები, suramelebi) was a noble family in the medieval Kingdom of Georgia, with notable members from the 12th century to the 14th. At the height of their influence and prestige in the 13th century, the Surameli were hereditary eristavi ("duke") of Kartli and msakhurt-ukhutsesi ("Lord High Chamberlain") of Georgia.
Play Dirty (2025 film)
Play Dirty is a 2025 American heist action thriller film co-written and directed by Shane Black. It is based on the Parker book series by Donald E. Westlake, written under the pen name Richard Stark. The film stars Mark Wahlberg as the lead character Parker and LaKeith Stanfield as Grofield, another recurring Stark character, along with Rosa Salazar, Keegan-Michael Key, Chukwudi Iwuji, Nat Wolff, Gretchen Mol, Thomas Jane, and Tony Shalhoub. It was released by Amazon MGM Studios via Prime Video on October 1, 2025.

LaKeith Stanfield
LaKeith Lee Stanfield (born August 12, 1991) is an American actor and musician. He made his feature film debut in Short Term 12 (2013), for which he was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. He received further recognition for his roles in the films Get Out (2017), Sorry to Bother You (2018), Uncut Gems (2019), Knives Out (2019), and Judas and the Black Messiah (2021), the lattermost of which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Stanfield has also appeared in the films Selma (2014), Dope (2015), Straight Outta Compton (2015), Crown Heights (2017), The Photograph (2020), The Harder They Fall (2021), Haunted Mansion (2023) and The Book of Clarence (2023). On television, he starred in the series Atlanta (2016–2022), for which he won a Black Reel Award for Television, and in the horror series The Changeling (2023).
Gregoria Mariska Tunjung
Gregoria Mariska Tunjung Cahyaningsih (born 11 August 1999) is an Indonesian badminton player in women's singles and an Olympic medalist. She started her career at the badminton club PB Mutiara Cardinal in Bandung, West Java, and was called to the national team in 2013. She was the girls' singles champion at the 2017 World Junior Championships. Tunjung also captained the Indonesia women's team at the 2022 Asia Team Championships, where they emerged champions. Tunjung's best achievement is when she won the bronze medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.

Kisona Selvaduray
Kisona Selvaduray (born 1 October 1998) is a Malaysian badminton player. She was the bronze medalist at the 2013 Asian Youth Games in the women's singles category. She won her first senior international title at the Indonesia International Series tournament in the women's singles event.
She also won gold medal twice in the Malaysia International Series tournament in 2017 and 2018. On top of that, she dominated the women's singles in 2019 SEA Games.
Felice Bonetto
Felice Bonetto (9 June 1903 – 21 November 1953) was an Italian racing driver, who competed in Formula One at 16 Grands Prix from 1950 to 1953. Nicknamed "il Pirata", Bonetto won the Targa Florio in 1952 with Lancia.

Born and raised in Manerbio, Bonetto began his career in motorcycle road racing before switching to Grand Prix motor racing in 1931. He enjoyed a brief Formula One career, racing Italian cars with Milano, Alfa Romeo and Maserati, achieving two podium finishes at the 1951 Italian and 1953 Dutch Grands Prix, the former he shared with Giuseppe Farina and the latter with José Froilán González. His greatest successes were in sportscar racing, winning the Targa Florio in 1952, but his career was cut short when he fatally collided with a lamp post whilst leading the 1953 Carrera Panamericana.

Targa Florio
The Targa Florio was a public road endurance automobile race held in the mountains of Sicily near the island's capital of Palermo. Founded in 1906, it was the oldest sports car racing event, part of the World Sportscar Championship between 1955 and 1973. While the first races consisted of a whole tour of the island, the track length in the race's last decades was limited to the 72 km (45 mi) of the Circuito Piccolo delle Madonie, which was lapped 11 times.

After 1973, it was a national sports car event until it was discontinued in 1977 due to safety concerns. It has since been run as Targa Florio Rally, a rallying event, and is part of the Italian Rally Championship.
Aeroport T1 (Barcelona Metro)
Aeroport T1 is a Barcelona Metro station that serves terminal T1 of Barcelona–El Prat Airport, in the municipality of El Prat de Llobregat, to the southwest of Barcelona. It is the southern terminus of the airport branch of Barcelona Metro line 9 (L9) and is operated by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB).

Opened in 2016, the station is located underneath the airport terminal and consists of two levels. The trains run on the lower level, where there is a 16-metre (52 ft) island platform featuring screen doors. Adjacent to the station is a depot that can accommodate 12 trains. A new commuter rail link is projected to reach the station in the future.

Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona
The Barcelona Metropolitan Transport, or Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) in Catalan, is the main public transit operator in Barcelona. A combination of two formerly-separate companies, Ferrocarril Metropolità de Barcelona, SA. and Transports de Barcelona, SA., it runs most of the metro and local bus lines in Barcelona and the metropolitan area.

The bus network serves Barcelona and the metropolitan area through 109 lines that cover a total distance of 920.62 kilometres. The Barcelona Metro network has 123 stations. It is formed by six lines and a funicular railway. In 2016, TMB carried 578.75 million passengers and had 7,744 employees.

There is also an authority in Barcelona that seeks to coordinate and integrate other public transport companies (such as TRAMMET, for the local trams) into the same network, Autoritat del Transport Metropolità.
Jagtar Singh Hawara
Jagtar Singh Hawara is a high level member of Babbar Khalsa who is currently serving life imprisonment at Tihar Jail. He was convicted as a conspirator in the assassination of 12th Chief Minister of Punjab, Beant Singh.

Hawara was declared as the Jathedar of the Akal Takht by a Sarbat Khalsa organised at village of Chabba on the outskirts of Amritsar, however this declaration is disputed and unrecognised by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC).

Sarbat Khalsa
Sarbat Khalsa (lit. meaning all the Khalsa; Punjabi: ਸਰਬੱਤ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ (Gurmukhi) pronunciation: [sǝɾbǝt̪t̪ kʰäːlsäː]), was a biannual deliberative assembly (on the same lines as a Parliament in a Direct democracy) of the Sikhs held at Amritsar in Punjab during the 18th century. It literally translates to the "entire Sikh Nation" but as a political institution it refers to the meetings of the Dal Khalsa and the legislature of the Sikh Confederacy.
Poulter River
The Poulter River is a river of the Canterbury region of New Zealand's South Island. The Poulter rises on the southern slopes of Mount Koeti in Arthur's Pass National Park, flowing predominantly southwest to reach the Waimakariri River 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Cass.

Waimakariri River
The Waimakariri River is one of the largest rivers in Canterbury, on the eastern coast of New Zealand's South Island. It flows for 151 kilometres (94 mi) in a generally southeastward direction from the Southern Alps across the Canterbury Plains to the Pacific Ocean.

The river rises on the eastern flanks of the Southern Alps, eight kilometres southwest of Arthur's Pass. For much of its upper reaches, the river is braided, with wide shingle beds. As the river approaches the Canterbury Plains, it passes through a belt of mountains, and is forced into a narrow canyon (the Waimakariri Gorge), before reverting to its braided form for its passage across the plains. It enters the Pacific north of Christchurch, near the town of Kaiapoi.

Instead of being unoccupied Crown land as are most New Zealand river beds, the bed of the Waimakariri River is vested in the Canterbury Regional Council (Environment Canterbury).
Decree Law 4161/56
Decree Law 4161/56 (Spanish: Decreto ley 4161/56) was an Argentine government decree designed to suppress Peronist sentiment among the Argentine people. Enacted on 5 March 1956, six months after the 1955 overthrow of President Juan Perón in the Revolución Libertadora, the decree instituted a wide-ranging ban on any "affirmation of Peronism" under the government of Pedro Eugenio Aramburu.

Revolución Libertadora
The Revolución Libertadora (Spanish pronunciation: [reβoluˈsjon liβeɾtaˈðoɾa]; Liberating Revolution) as it named itself, was the civic-military dictatorship that ruled the Argentine Republic after overthrowing President Juan Domingo Perón, shutting down the National Congress, removing members of the Supreme Court, as well as provincial, municipal, and university authorities, and placing the entire Judiciary under commission. This occurred through a coup d'état on 16 September 1955.

After two years the dictatorship organized conditional elections, which transferred power on 1 May 1958 to a constitutional government led by the Radical Arturo Frondizi, who in turn would also be overthrown by another military-led coup d'état in 1962.
John W. Griffin (archaeologist)
John Wallace Griffin (November 8, 1919, in Connersville, Indiana – September 3, 1993) was the State Archaeologist of Florida, the Director of the St. Augustine Historical Society, and a Regional Archaeologist for the National Park Service.

Connersville, Indiana
Connersville is a city in Fayette County, Indiana, United States, 66 miles (106 km) east by southeast of Indianapolis. The population was 13,324 at the 2020 census. The city is the county seat of and the only incorporated town in the county. The city is in the center of a large rural area of east central Indiana; the nearest significant city is Richmond, 26 miles (42 km) to the northeast by road. Connersville is home to Fayette county's only high school. The local economy relies on manufacturing, retail, and healthcare to sustain itself. However, there has been a consistent decline in both employment and population since the 1960s, placing it among the least affluent areas in the state of Indiana, as indicated by measures such as median household income and other economic indicators.

The city is among the oldest cities in Indiana and the former Indiana Territory, having been established in 1813 by its namesake, John Conner.
Abubakar Dantsoho
Abubakar Dantsoho (born 26 March 1969) is a Nigerian maritime administrator and public sector executive. He serves as the 29th Managing Director of the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA), having been appointed on 12 July 2024 by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu.

Nigerian Ports Authority
The Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) is a federal government agency that governs  and operates the ports of Nigeria. The major ports controlled by the NPA include: the Lagos Port Complex and Tin Can Island Port in Lagos; Calabar Port, Delta Port, Rivers Port at Port Harcourt, and Onne Port.  Operations of the NPA are carried out in affiliation with the Presidency of (Nigeria) and the Nigerian Shippers' Council.  The Head office of the Nigerian Ports Authority is located in Marina, Lagos.

However, with the concessioning programme of the federal government, which is aimed at promoting efficiency through, public and private partnership, the Nigerian Ports, has since 2005, being concessioned.

This landlord arrangement as they call it, has fostered better relationship and high turn-out of goods and services in and around the Nigerian Port system either in the Eastern or the ever-busy Western zone.
30 Roc
Samuel Jordon Gloade, known professionally as 30 Roc, is an American record producer and songwriter. He began his career in 2014 as an in-house producer for Mike Will Made It's EarDrummers Records, but has since expanded into solo production work for several prominent music industry artists. He has been credited on the Billboard Hot 100-number one single "The Box" by Roddy Ricch; the top ten singles "Nasty Freestyle" by T-Wayne, "Rake It Up" by Yo Gotti, and "Stargazing" by Travis Scott; and the top 40 singles "Bartier Cardi" by Cardi B, "King's Dead" by Jay Rock, and "Off the Grid" by Kanye West.

Nasty Freestyle
"Nasty Freestyle" is the debut single by American rapper T-Wayne. The song, a freestyle over the beat to Bandit Gang Marco's "Nasty" (2014), became a viral sensation in the spring of 2015; in particular, popular user-generated videos posted to Instagram and Vine featuring the song's opening couplet fueled the song's rise to prominence. Released as a digital download in the United States by 300 Entertainment on May 4, 2015, it soon became a commercial success, peaking at number nine on the US Billboard Hot 100. As of July 2015, it has sold 785,562 copies domestically. At the week ending April 26, the song had been streamed 6.4 million times in the US.
Richard Edwards (educator)
Richard Edwards (December 23, 1822 – March 7, 1908) was a Welsh-American educator from Ceredigion (Cardiganshire). Emigrating to the United States with his family when he was a child, Edwards studied at the State Normal School in Bridgewater, Massachusetts and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. He then led a number of schools: the Boys' High School in Salem, Massachusetts (1853–1854); the State Normal School in Salem (1854–1857); the Normal School in St. Louis, Missouri (1857–1861); Illinois State Normal University (1862–1876); and Blackburn University(1891–1893). From 1887 to 1891, he served as the Illinois Superintendent of Public Instruction.

Illinois State University
Illinois State University (ISU) is a public research university in Normal, Illinois, United States. It was founded in 1857 as Illinois State Normal University and is the oldest public university in Illinois. It operates additional facilities in its twin city, Bloomington, and in Springfield.

The university emphasizes teaching and is recognized as one of the top ten largest producers of teachers in the US according to the American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". The university's athletic teams are members of the Missouri Valley Conference and the Missouri Valley Football Conference and are known as the "Redbirds," in reference to the state bird, the cardinal.
Immaculata-LaSalle High School
Immaculata-La Salle High School is a private, Catholic high school in the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami, Florida.  It is part of the Archdiocese of Miami and located between Mercy Hospital and Vizcaya on South Bayshore Drive.

The school was officially founded as Immaculata Academy, a Catholic college preparatory school for girls, on September 1, 1958. The Sisters of St. Joseph Congregation of St. Augustine FL were the school's founding religious order.  The school is now run by the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco.

Sisters of St. Joseph
The Sisters of St. Joseph, also known as the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph, abbreviated CSJ or SSJ, is a Catholic religious congregation of women founded in Le Puy-en-Velay, France, in 1650. This congregation, named for Saint Joseph, has approximately 9,500 members worldwide: 2,584 in the United States; 2,000 in France; and are active in 50 other countries.
Matsumoto Hakuō II
Matsumoto Hakuō II (ニ代目 松本 白鸚, Nidaime Matsumoto Hakuō; born August 19, 1942) is a Japanese kabuki actor, one of the most popular tachiyaku (specialist in male roles) currently performing.

Like many members of the kabuki community, he can trace his lineage back several generations, many members of his family being kabuki actors as well. His father and grandfather were the eighth and seventh, respectively, to hold the name of Matsumoto Kōshirō, and he traces his lineage back to his great-great-grandfather Nakamura Karoku I, if not further. Kōshirō's brother, Nakamura Kichiemon II, son Matsumoto Koshirō X and grandson Ichikawa Somegorō VIII are active in the kabuki theater as well, and his daughter, Takako Matsu is an experienced film actress. In addition, Kōshirō has a number of disciples, including Matsumoto Kingo III, Matsumoto Kōemon I, and Ichikawa Komazō XI.

Matsumoto Kōshirō VII
Matsumoto Kōshirō VII (七代目 松本 幸四郎, Shichidaime Matsumoto Kōshirō; 12 May 1870-27 January 1949) was a Japanese actor. He was one of the leading tachiyaku Kabuki actors of Japan's Meiji period (1868–1912) through the late 1940s.
Beyond Love (film)
Beyond Love (Italian: Oltre l'amore) is a 1940 Italian historical drama film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Alida Valli, Amedeo Nazzari and Osvaldo Valenti. It is based on the 1829 novella Vanina Vanini by Stendhal.

It was shot at Cinecittà Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Guido Fiorini and Ivo Battelli.

Amedeo Nazzari
Amedeo Nazzari (10 December 1907 – 5 November 1979) was an Italian actor. Nazzari was one of the leading figures of Italian classic cinema, often considered a local variant of the Australian–American star Errol Flynn. Although he emerged as a star during the Fascist era, Nazzari's popularity continued well into the post-war years.
Kentucky Route 293
Kentucky Route 293 (KY 293) is a 38.267-mile-long (61.585 km) state highway in Kentucky that runs from Kentucky Routes 93 and 1055 southeast of Eddyville to Kentucky Route 270 northeast of Providence via Princeton and Providence.

Providence, Kentucky
Providence is a home rule-class city in Webster County, Kentucky, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, Providence had a population of 2,892, making it the most populous community in the county.