hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Common variable immunodeficiency
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an inborn immune disorder characterized by recurrent infections and low antibody levels, specifically in immunoglobulin (Ig) types IgG, IgM, and IgA. Symptoms generally include high susceptibility to pathogens, chronic lung disease, as well as inflammation and infection of the gastrointestinal tract.

CVID affects males and females equally. The condition can be found in children or teens but is generally not diagnosed or recognized until adulthood. The average age of diagnosis is between 20 and 50.

However, symptoms vary greatly between people. "Variable" refers to the heterogeneous clinical manifestations of this disorder, which include recurrent bacterial infections, increased risk for autoimmune disease and lymphoma, as well as gastrointestinal disease. CVID is a lifelong disease.

Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes.
Hermann Josef Schnell
Hermann Schnell ( 16. September March 1916 – 7 September 1999) was a German organic chemist who developed the first commercial polycarbonate, Makrolon.
Hermann Schnell studied chemistry at the University of Freiberg. His supervisor was Hermann Staudinger a well-known polymer chemist.

After his phd he worked in the research laboratory of the Bayer AG in Uerdingen, starting in 1946. In 1953 he developed the synthesis of polycarbonates by reacting phosgene with bisphenol A. This material marketed as Makrolon was a commercial success.

Hermann Staudinger
Hermann Staudinger (German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈʃtaʊ̯dɪŋɐ] ⓘ; 23 March 1881 – 8 September 1965) was a German organic chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules, which he characterized as polymers. For this work he received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

He is also known for his discovery of ketenes and of the Staudinger reaction. Staudinger, together with Leopold Ružička, also elucidated the molecular structures of pyrethrin I and II in the 1920s, enabling the development of pyrethroid insecticides in the 1960s and 1970s.
54th Academy Awards
The 54th Academy Awards ceremony, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored films released in 1981 and took place on March 29, 1982, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 22 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Howard W. Koch and directed by Marty Pasetta. Comedian and talk show host Johnny Carson hosted the show for the fourth consecutive time.

Chariots of Fire won four awards, including Best Picture. Other winners included Raiders of the Lost Ark with also four awards, On Golden Pond and Reds with three, Arthur with two; and An American Werewolf in London, Close Harmony, Crac, Genocide, Mephisto, and Violet with one. The telecast garnered 46.2 million viewers in the United States.

Howard W. Koch
Howard Winchel Koch (April 11, 1916 – February 16, 2001) was an American film producer and director. He served as president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and as head of film production at Paramount Pictures, and directed and produced numerous films, including The Manchurian Candidate (1962), The Odd Couple (1968), Airplane! (1980) and its 1982 sequel, and Ghost (1990). At the 62nd Academy Awards, he was honored the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award for his "outstanding contributions to humanitarian causes". He also received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations, three of which were for producing Academy Awards ceremonies.

Koch was the father of film producer Hawk Koch, and the great-grandfather of actor Cooper Koch and film editor Payton Koch.
Claire Price
Claire Louise Price (born 4 July 1972) is an English actress. Her stage credits are extensive, her film and television credits include The Whistle-Blower (2001), Midsomer Murders episode "Tainted Fruit" (2001), Agatha Christie's Poirot episode "The Hollow" (2004), Rosemary and Thyme (2004), Rebus (2006-2007), Dalziel and Pascoe (2006), The Coroner (2015), The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2015), and Home Fires (2015-2016), and The Capture (2022).

Agatha Christie's Poirot
Agatha Christie's Poirot, or simply Poirot (UK: /pwɑːroʊ/), is a British mystery drama television programme that aired on ITV from 8 January 1989 to 13 November 2013. The ITV show is based on one of Agatha Christie's famous crime fiction series, which revolves around the fictional private investigator Hercule Poirot. David Suchet stars as the title character. Initially produced by LWT, the series was later produced by ITV Studios. The series also aired on VisionTV in Canada, and on PBS and A&E in the US.

The programme ran for 13 series and 70 episodes in total. Each episode was adapted from a novel or short story by Christie that featured Poirot. At the programme's conclusion, which finished with "Curtain: Poirot's Last Case", based on the 1975 novel of the same name, every major literary work by Christie that featured the title character had been adapted.
Slayed?
Slayed? is the third studio album by the British rock group Slade. It was released in November 1972 and reached No. 1 in the UK. It remained on the chart for 34 weeks and was certified Silver in early 1973. The album was also the band's most successful of the 1970s in the US, peaking at No. 69 and remaining in the charts for 26 weeks. In Australia, the album reached No. 1 and went Gold, knocking the band's live album Slade Alive! to No. 2. Slayed? was produced by Chas Chandler.

Chas Chandler
Bryan James "Chas" Chandler (18 December 1938 – 17 July 1996) was an English musician, record producer and manager, best known as the original bassist in the Animals, for which he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. He also managed the band Slade, and Jimi Hendrix, about whom he was regularly interviewed until his death in 1996.
Nyles Morgan
Nyles Thomas Morgan (born August 16, 1996) is an American professional football linebacker for the Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. He has also been a member of the Tennessee Titans and Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL), the Arizona Hotshots of the Alliance of American Football (AAF), the Seattle Sea Dragons of the XFL, and the Edmonton Elks of the CFL.

Alliance of American Football
The Alliance of American Football (AAF) was a professional American football minor league. The AAF consisted of eight centrally owned and operated teams in the southern and western United States, seven of which were located in metropolitan areas with at least one major professional sports franchise. It positioned itself as an "upper-level minor league" serving as a transition between the college game and the NFL.

Founded by Charlie Ebersol and Bill Polian in 2018, the AAF began play on February 9, 2019. The league was scheduled to have a 10-week regular season and conclude with a championship game on April 27. After eight weeks of play, however, the league's football operations were suspended by controlling owner Thomas Dundon on April 2. Two days later, the AAF allowed players to leave their contracts to sign with NFL teams. The AAF filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on April 17, 2019, with the league's sole season left incomplete.
Paul Linwood
Paul Anthony Linwood (born 24 October 1983) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central defender.

He has previously played professionally in the Football League for Tranmere Rovers, Wrexham, Chester City and Grimsby Town and in the Cymru Premier for Connah's Quay Nomads. He also played at Non-league level for Fleetwood Town, Chester, Salford City, Ramsbottom United and Trafford.

Trafford F.C.
Trafford Football Club is an English football club based in Flixton, near Urmston in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester. The club are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One West and play at the Away Day Care Shawe View Stadium.
William Williams (Halifax RLFC)
William "Billy" J. Williams (birth unknown – death unknown) was a Welsh professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s. He played at representative level for Wales, and at club level for Halifax, as a wing.

Halifax Panthers
The Halifax Panthers are a professional rugby league club in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. They play home games at The Shay and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Halifax Panthers won the League Championship four times and the Challenge Cup five times.

The club's parent company, Halifax Rugby League Football Club Limited, was placed into liquidation in February 2026 and the club's membership of the Rugby Football League terminated two days later.

They had rivalries with neighbours Bradford and Huddersfield of Super League, fellow Championship side Featherstone Rovers, and Pennines rivals Oldham and  Rochdale. The club's traditional home colours were blue and white hoops, white shorts, and blue and white socks.
Farrukhan the Little
Farrukhan the Little (Persian: Farrukhan-e Kuchak), also surnamed the Deaf (Korbali), was a member of the Dabuyid dynasty, which ruled Tabaristan as independent monarchs in the century after the Muslim conquest of Persia. The brother of the ispahbadh Dadhburzmihr, Farrukhan ruled Tabaristan between 740/41 and 747/48 as regent for his underage nephew, Khurshid.

Tabaristan
Tabaristan or Tabarestan (Persian: طبرستان, romanized: Ṭabarestān; Mazanderani: تبرستون, romanized: Tabarestun; from Middle Persian: , Tapur(i)stān) was a mountainous region located on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. It corresponded to the present-day province of Mazandaran, which became the predominant name of the area from the 11th century onwards.
Maji Love 1000%
"Maji Love 1000% (マジLOVE1000%, Maji Rabu Sen Pāsento; lit. "Serious Love 1000%")" is the ending theme song of the 2011 anime series Uta no Prince-sama: Maji Love 1000%, the first season of the Uta no Prince-sama anime series. The song is performed by STARISH, a fictional Japanese idol boy band consisting of the characters Otoya Ittoki (voiced by Takuma Terashima), Tokiya Ichinose (voiced by Mamoru Miyano), Ren Jinguji (voiced by Junichi Suwabe), Masato Hijirikawa (voiced by Kenichi Suzumura), Natsuki Shinomiya (voiced by Kisho Taniyama, and Syo Kurusu (voiced by Hiro Shimono). The song was released on July 30, 2011.

Mamoru Miyano
Mamoru Miyano (宮野 真守, Miyano Mamoru; born June 8, 1983) is a Japanese actor and singer. He is best known for his roles in Death Note, Steins;Gate, Mobile Suit Gundam 00, Durarara!!, Soul Eater, Wolf's Rain, Ouran High School Host Club, Ajin: Demi-Human, Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, Free!, Hunter x Hunter, Chihayafuru, Bungo Stray Dogs, Persona 5, Zombieland Saga, Fire Force, and Pluto. Nominated for the "Best Lead Actor Award" at the 1st Seiyu Awards in 2007 for his role as Light Yagami in Death Note, at the 2nd Seiyu Awards in 2008, he won the award for his role as Setsuna F. Seiei in Mobile Suit Gundam 00 and Hakugen Rikuson in Kōtetsu Sangokushi. That same year, he won the "Best Voice Actor" award at the 2008 Tokyo International Anime Fair. His debut single, "Kuon" (久遠; lit. Eternity), was released under King Records in 2007. In March 2009, his debut album, Break, was released.
More than This (TV series)
More Than This is an Australian drama television series that was released on Paramount+ on 4 March 2022. The series was written by teen actor Olivia Deeble and co-created with Luka Gracie, both of whom also star in this series. It also features Deeble's grandfather Reg Gorman in his final role. On June 11, 2025, it was announced that the show would stream on ABC iView.

Reg Gorman
Reg Gorman (2 August 1932 – 5 August 2021) was an Australian television and film actor, and comedian, he was known best for his role in TV serial  The Sullivans, as Jack Fletcher. and children's series Fergus McPhail as Harry Patterson.

Gorman was also active in radio dramas and theatre and was one of the last active vaudeville performers in Australia.
University of Gedo
University of Gedo (Somali: Jaamacada Gedo Arabic: جامعة جدو) is a public university in the city of Bardera situated in the Gedo region of Somalia.

In the past, the higher education system in Somalia was mostly concentrated in the area near Mogadishu, the nation's capital. Since the outbreak of civil war in 1991, there have been local efforts to re-establish educational institutions across the country.

Bardere
Bardere (Arabic: باردير, Somali: Bardhere, Italian: Bardera) also known as Bardera, is a city in Jubaland State of Somalia. It is the second most populous city in Jubaland with Kismayo being the largest and most densely populated city in the region. Bardere sits on the Jubba River around 250 km west of the city of Baidoa and is in a highland area with fertile soil.
433rd Weapons Squadron
The 433rd Weapons Squadron is a United States Air Force unit, assigned to the USAF Weapons School at Nellis AFB, Nevada.

The unit was first activated during World War II in May 1943 and flew the P-38 Lightning in the Pacific Theater of Operations. The 433rd distinguished themselves in air combat against Japan over New Guinea, Rabaul, and the Philippines, achieving over 200 aerial victories. Reactivated in 1964 for the war in Southeast Asia, the 433rd was assigned to the 8th Fighter Wing at Ubon, Thailand, flying the F-4 Phantom II. The 433rd was credited with 12 MiG kills over North Vietnam.

Nellis Air Force Base
Nellis Air Force Base ("Nellis" colloq.) is a United States Air Force installation in southern Nevada. Nellis hosts air combat exercises such as Exercise Red Flag and close air support exercises such as Green Flag-West flown in "Military Operations Area (MOA) airspace", associated with the nearby Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR).  The base also has the Combined Air and Space Operations Center-Nellis.
Ekur
Ekur (𒂍𒆳 É.KUR), also known as Duranki, is a Sumerian term meaning "mountain house". It is the assembly of the gods in the Garden of the gods, parallel in Greek mythology to Mount Olympus and was the most revered and sacred building of ancient Sumer.

Hursag
Hursag  (Sumerian: 𒄯𒊕 ḫar.sag̃, ḫarsang) is a Sumerian term variously translated as meaning "mountain", "hill", "foothills" or "piedmont". Thorkild Jacobsen extrapolated the translation in his later career to mean literally, "head of the valleys".

Mountains play a certain role in Mesopotamian mythology and Assyro-Babylonian religion, associated with deities such as Anu, Enlil, Enki and Ninhursag.

Hursag is the first word written on tablets found at the ancient Sumerian city of Nippur, dating to the third millennium BCE, Making it possibly the oldest surviving written word in the world.

Some scholars also identify the hursag with an undefined mountain range or strip of raised land outside the plain of Mesopotamia.
Emerald Archer (Arrow episode)
"Emerald Archer" is the twelfth episode of the seventh season and 150th overall of the American television series Arrow, based on the DC Comics character Green Arrow, revolving around billionaire playboy Oliver Queen as he returns to Star City, after having been shipwrecked for five years, and becomes a bow-wielding, hooded vigilante who sets out to fight crime and corruption. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe. The episode was written by Marc Guggenheim and Emilio Aldrich and directed by Glen Winter.

"Emerald Archer" stars Stephen Amell as Oliver Queen. The episode uses the framing device of a documentary. It aired on The CW on April 2, 2019, to a live audience of 1.04 million viewers. The episode was met with mixed reactions from critics. The episode guest stars several former cast members including Willia Holland and Paul Blackthorne.

Paul Blackthorne
Paul Blackthorne (born 5 March 1969) is an English actor. Although born in Shropshire, he spent his early childhood on UK military bases in Britain and Germany.

Blackthorne broke into acting via television advertisements in England. His breakthrough commercial in the UK came in the Grim Reaper advertisement for Virgin Atlantic. Numerous radio commercials followed.

Blackthorne's first film role was in the Academy Award nominated Hindi-language Indian film Lagaan, released in 2001. Since then, he has mostly appeared in American films and television shows. He had recurring roles on ER and 24, both in 2004, and has been a main cast member in The Dresden Files (2007), Lipstick Jungle (2008–09) and Arrow (2012–18).
145th Mixed Brigade
The 145th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army created during the Spanish Civil War. Throughout the war, it operated on the Aragon, Segre and Catalonia fronts, although it did not play a relevant role.

Spanish Republican Army
The Spanish Republican Army (Spanish: Ejército de la República Española) was the main branch of the Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic between 1931 and 1939.

It became known as People's Army of the Republic (Ejército Popular de la República) after it was reorganized, following the disbandment of the voluntary militias that were formed in July 1936 at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
Battle of Apros
The Battle of Apros took place in July 1305 in Thrace, when the Byzantine co-emperor Michael IX Palaiologos confronted the Catalan Company, a mercenary force that had recently turned against the empire. Hired a few years earlier to reinforce the eastern frontier, the Company had become increasingly difficult to control and entered into open conflict with the Byzantines after the murder of its leader Roger de Flor.

Michael IX assembled the main imperial field army in an effort to bring the Company to battle, but the confrontation near Apros in Thrace ended in a decisive Catalan victory. The collapse of key Byzantine auxiliary troops at the outset left the imperial centre exposed, and the army broke under pressure. The defeat effectively ended the empire’s ability to challenge the Company. In its aftermath, the Catalans and their Turkish allies ranged freely through Thrace before moving west into Macedonia and Thessaly, eventually establishing control over the Duchy of Athens.

Duchy of Athens
The Duchy of Athens (Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, Doukaton Athinon; Catalan: Ducat d'Atenes) was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of the process known as Frankokratia, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.
Harry Hoijer
Harry Hoijer (September 6, 1904 – March 11, 1976) was an American linguist and anthropologist who worked on primarily Athabaskan languages and culture. He additionally documented the Tonkawa language, which is now extinct. Hoijer's few works make up the bulk of material on this language. Hoijer was a student of Edward Sapir.

Hoijer contributed greatly to the documentation of the Southern and Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages and to the reconstruction of proto-Athabaskan. Harry Hoijer collected a large number of valuable fieldnotes on many Athabaskan languages, which are unpublished. Some of his notes on Lipan Apache and the Tonkawa language are lost.

Hoijer coined the term "Sapir–Whorf hypothesis". He died in Santa Monica, California, on March 4, 1976.

Tonkawa language
The Tonkawa language was a language spoken in Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico by the Tonkawa people. A language isolate, with no known related languages, Tonkawa has not had L1 (first language) speakers since the mid 20th century. Few Tonkawa people speak the language, but revitalization is underway.
Murder of Grace Brown
Grace Mae Brown (March 20, 1886 – July 11, 1906) was an American woman who was murdered by her boyfriend, Chester Gillette, on Big Moose Lake, New York, after telling him she was pregnant. The murder, and the subsequent trial of the suspect, attracted national newspaper attention.

Brown's life has inspired such fictional treatments as Theodore Dreiser's 1925 novel An American Tragedy, the George Stevens film A Place in the Sun, and Jennifer Donnelly's 2003 novel A Northern Light. The murder was analyzed and explored in two non-fiction books, both published in 1986: Adirondack Tragedy: The Gillette Murder Case of 1906, written by Joseph W. Brownell and Patricia A. Wawrzaszek, and Murder in the Adirondacks: An American Tragedy Revisited, by Craig Brandon (which was updated in 2017).

Theodore Dreiser
Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser (/ˈdraɪsər, -zər/; August 27, 1871 – December 28, 1945) was an American novelist and journalist of the naturalist school. His novels often featured main characters who succeeded at their objectives despite a lack of a firm moral code, and literary situations that more closely resemble studies of nature than tales of choice and agency. Dreiser's best-known novels include Sister Carrie (1900) and An American Tragedy (1925).
Appayya Swamigalu
Appaiah Swami or Sadguru Appayya Swami (ಅಪ್ಪಯ ಸ್ವಾಮಿ 1885–1956) (not to be mistaken with Appayya Swamy, a 17th-century Carnatic Musician and scholar of Tamil Nadu) was a Hindu Indian spiritual master who lived in Virajpet town, in Kodagu, Karnataka, India.

Kodagu district
Kodagu district (Kodava: [koɖɐɡɨ, -ʋɨ], also known by its former name Coorg, Kodava: koḍagï, koḍavï) is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State.
Yeoman (United States Navy)
The yeoman rate is one of the oldest rates in the U.S. Navy, dating back to 1794. Historically, the Navy yeomen were responsible for keeping the storerooms for the ship's gunners, carpenters and boatswains. With the transition from sail to steam, yeomen were assigned to the ship's engineers. In the modern Navy, a yeoman is an enlisted service member who performs administrative and clerical work.

Military administration
Military administration identifies both the techniques and systems used by military departments, agencies, and armed services involved in managing the armed forces. It describes the processes that take place within military organisations outside combat, particularly in managing military personnel, their training, and services they are provided with as part of their military service.

In cases of military government, for example during a military occupation, the management and control of civilians, and provision of services to them, may also be in scope.

In many ways military administration serves the same role as public administration in the civil society, and is often cited as a source of bureaucracy in the government as a whole. Given the wide area of application, military administration is often qualified by specific areas of application within the military, such as logistics administration, administration of doctrine development or military reform administration.
Jan Košťálek
Jan Košťálek (born 17 February 1995) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman. He is currently playing with HC Dynamo Pardubice of the Czech Extraliga (ELH). Košťálek was selected by the Winnipeg Jets in the 4th round (114th overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.

Czech Extraliga
The Czech Extraliga (Czech: Extraliga ledního hokeje, ELH) is the highest-level ice hockey league in the Czech Republic. It was created in 1993 following the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia midway through the 1992–93 Czechoslovak Extraliga season (which all Slovak and Czech teams played to completion). The league's season usually takes place between September and April and features 14 teams.

Teams from the ELH participate in the IIHF's annual European tournament in the CHL. During the 2022–23 CHL season, the ELH was ranked the No. 5 league in Europe, allowing them to send their top three teams to compete in the CHL.