hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chromosome condensation
Chromosome condensation refers to the process by which dispersed interphase chromatin is transformed into a set of compact, rod-shaped structures during mitosis and meiosis (Figure 1).

The term "chromosome condensation" has long been used in biology. However, it is now increasingly recognized that mitotic chromosome condensation proceeds through mechanisms distinct from those governing "condensation" in physical chemistry (e.g., gas-to-liquid phase transitions) or the formation of "biomolecular condensates" in cell biology. Consequently, some researchers have argued that the term "chromosome condensation" may be misleading in this context. For this reason, alternative terms such as "chromosome assembly" or "chromosome formation" are also commonly used.

Xenopus egg extract
Xenopus egg extract is a lysate that is prepared by crushing the eggs of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. It offers a powerful cell-free (or in vitro) system for studying various cell biological processes, including cell cycle progression, nuclear transport, DNA replication and chromosome segregation. It is also called Xenopus egg cell-free system or Xenopus egg cell-free extract.
Ana de Narváez de Caro
Ana de Narváez de Caro (née de Narváez Guerra-Azuola; March 8, 1847 – March 23, 1909) was the first lady of Colombia from 1894 to 1898, as the wife of Miguel Antonio Caro, the 4th president of Colombia. She was previously second lady of Colombia from 1892 to 1894, when her husband was vice president under President Rafael Núñez. Among her children are Julio Caro, the manager of the Bank of the Republic from 1927 to 1947 and the writer Víctor Caro. At the time she became First Lady, she was the youngest woman to hold the position, only surpassed by Matilde Osorio de Marroquín in 1900.

Miguel Antonio Caro
Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar (November 10, 1843 – August 5, 1909)  was a Colombian writer, thinker, poet, and politician who served as the 4th president of Colombia from 1894 to 1898. A member of the Conservative Party, Caro served as the 2nd vice president of Colombia from 1892 to 1894 under Rafael Núñez.
Fred Tilman
Fred Tilman (born June 21, 1945) is an American politician who served as a member of Idaho House of Representatives from 2002 to 2004. He later served as a member of the Ada County Board of Commissioners.

Idaho House of Representatives
The Idaho House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Idaho Legislature.

It consists of 70 representatives elected to two-year terms. The state is divided into 35 districts, each of which elects two representatives to separate seats. It meets at the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, Idaho, in the State Capitol Building.
Behind Enemy Lines: Colombia
Behind Enemy Lines: Colombia is a 2009 American action war film directed by Tim Matheson and starring Joe Manganiello, WWE wrestler Mr. Kennedy, Keith David and Matheson. It is the third installment in the Behind Enemy Lines film series, following Behind Enemy Lines, and Behind Enemy Lines II: Axis of Evil. The film was co-produced by WWE Studios, written by Tobias Iaconis and released direct-to-video on January 6, 2009. Keith David is the only cast member to have returned in this film.

Behind Enemy Lines (2001 film)
Behind Enemy Lines is a 2001 American action war film directed by John Moore in his directorial debut, and starring Owen Wilson and Gene Hackman. The film tells the story of Lieutenant Chris Burnett, an American naval flight officer who is shot down over Bosnia and uncovers genocide during the Bosnian War. Meanwhile, the rear admiral commanding the carrier strike group to which he is assigned is struggling to gain approval to launch a combat search and rescue mission to save Burnett. The plot is loosely based on a 1995 incident involving Scott O'Grady that occurred during the war.

Released on November 30, 2001 by 20th Century Fox, Behind Enemy Lines received generally mixed reviews from critics. It was a box office success, taking in $121.7 million worldwide against a $40 million budget.

The film launched a franchise that includes three sequels, all of them direct-to-video.
1988 Commonwealth final
The 1988 Commonwealth final was the fifth running of the Commonwealth Final as part of the qualification for the 1988 Speedway World Championship. The 1988 Final was run on 12 June at the Norfolk Arena in King's Lynn, England, and was part of the World Championship qualifying for riders from the Commonwealth nations.

Riders qualified for the Final from the Australian, British and New Zealand Championships.

King's Lynn Stadium
King's Lynn Stadium, also known as the Adrian Flux Arena and previously as the Norfolk Arena, is a short oval stadium situated to the south of King's Lynn, Norfolk, England. It currently hosts BriSCA Formula 1 Stock Car Racing, Banger racing, motorcycle speedway and is also a former greyhound racing track.

The track itself is a 342m shale track, in the stock car world it has been referenced as the best shale track in the UK.
Bossa Nova 2001
Bossa Nova 2001 (ボサ・ノヴァ2001) is the seventh studio album by Japanese pop band Pizzicato Five. It was released on June 1, 1993 by the Nippon Columbia imprint Triad. The band co-produced the album with acquaintance and fellow Shibuya-kei artist Cornelius. Following the house music-oriented Sweet Pizzicato Five the previous year, Bossa Nova 2001 signaled a return to the band's 1960s and 1970s-influenced pop style, mixed with elements of alternative dance.

Bossa Nova 2001 is the last Pizzicato Five studio album to feature guitarist Keitarō Takanami, who quit the band in 1994. Several of the album's tracks were later featured on the band's Matador Records compilations Made in USA (1994) and The Sound of Music by Pizzicato Five (1995). Bossa Nova 2001 was reissued by Readymade Records on September 30, 2000 and March 31, 2006.

Sweet Pizzicato Five
Sweet Pizzicato Five (スウィート・ピチカート・ファイヴ) is the sixth studio album by Japanese pop band Pizzicato Five. It was released on September 21, 1992 by the Nippon Columbia imprint Triad. The album marks a turn toward a more house music-influenced sound for the band.

Sweet Pizzicato Five was reissued by Readymade Records on September 30, 2000 and March 31, 2006.
The Spine of Night
The Spine of Night is a 2021 American adult animated dark fantasy horror film written and directed by Philip Gelatt and Morgan Galen King. It stars Richard E. Grant, Lucy Lawless, Patton Oswalt, Betty Gabriel, and Joe Manganiello.

The film was completed using rotoscoped animation, and traces the centuries-long journey of a magical plant that bestows terrible power upon the user, as it inspires despots, empires, and black magic.

Lucy Lawless
Lucille Frances Lawless MNZM (née Ryan; born 29 March 1968) is a New Zealand actress, singer, and director. She is best known for her roles as Xena in the television series Xena: Warrior Princess, as D'Anna Biers on the reimagined Battlestar Galactica series, and Lucretia in the television series Spartacus: Blood and Sand and associated series.  Since 2019, she has starred as Alexa in the television series My Life Is Murder.

Lawless had recurring roles as Diane Lewis-Swanson on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation (2012–2014), and as Countess Palatine Ingrid von Marburg on the WGN America supernatural series Salem (2015). She also starred as Ruby on the Starz horror-comedy series Ash vs Evil Dead (2015–2018).
Leon Clarke
Leon Marvin Clarke (born 10 February 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Clarke began his career with Wolverhampton Wanderers but then played for twenty-three clubs – in both permanent and loan deals – over the subsequent years. He played in the Premier League for Sheffield United and as well as spells at Wolves he played at EFL Championship level for Queens Park Rangers, Plymouth Argyle, Sheffield Wednesday, Preston North End and Wigan Athletic. He also played professionally for Kidderminster Harriers, Oldham Athletic, Southend United, Swindon Town, Chesterfield, Charlton Athletic, Coventry City, Crawley Town, Scunthorpe United, Bury, Shrewsbury Town, Bristol Rovers and Hartlepool United. In 2023 he played for non-league side Rushall Olympic.

Rushall Olympic F.C.
Rushall Olympic Football Club is an English football club based in Rushall, a former mining village that forms part of the Metropolitan Borough of Walsall. The team competes in the Northern Premier League Premier Division, the seventh tier of the English football league system.
The Homesman
The Homesman is a 2014 Western historical drama film set in the 1850s Midwest and directed by Tommy Lee Jones and written by Jones, Kieran Fitzgerald, and Wesley Oliver based on the 1988 novel by Glendon Swarthout. The film stars Jones, Hilary Swank, and Meryl Streep.

The Homesman competed for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and got a North American limited release on November 14, 2014, by Roadside Attractions. The Homesman has received mostly positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating of 81%.

The title refers to the task of taking immigrants back home, which was typically a man's job.

2014 Cannes Film Festival
The 67th Cannes Film Festival took place from 14 to 25 May 2014. New Zealand filmmaker Jane Campion was the head of the jury for the main competition. Turkish filmmaker Nuri Bilge Ceylan won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film Winter Sleep.

The festival poster featured Italian actor Marcello Mastroianni from Federico Fellini's 1963 film 8½, which was presented in the Out of Competition section of the 1963 Cannes Film Festival. French actor Lambert Wilson hosted the opening and closing ceremonies.

Due to European Parliament elections which took place on 25 May 2014, the closing ceremony took place on 24 May.

The festival opened with Grace of Monaco by Olivier Dahan, and closed with a restored 4K version of Sergio Leone's 1964 western A Fistful of Dollars.
Maria d'Apparecida
Maria d'Apparecida Marques (17 January 1926 – 4 July 2017) was a Brazilian opera singer. She began her working career as a primary school teacher in Rio de Janeiro before becoming an announcer on various Brazilian radio broadcast stations. D'Apparecida had become a singer just as she was told she not join the city's Theatro Municipal because she was black and faced racial discrimination in Brazil. She relocated to Europe, giving recitals, appearing in concerts, at festivals and in major French opera houses. D'Apparecida was the first black female Latin American to play Carmen at the Paris Opera and the first black Latin American woman to perform with the company. She was a recipient of various awards and decorations such as the Officier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, the Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur, the Medal of the City of Paris and the Medal of the Order of Rio Branco.

Order of Rio Branco
The Order of Rio Branco (Ordem de Rio Branco) is an honorific order of Brazil instituted by decree 51.697 of February 5, 1963. It is named in honor of the Brazilian diplomat José Paranhos, Baron of Rio Branco.

The President of Brazil serves as the Grand Master of the Order while the Minister of Foreign Affairs is the order's Chancellor.
Camael
Camael, also spelled Kamael, Chamuel, Khamuel, Camiel, Cameel and Camniel, is an archangel in Christian angelology. Chamuel is the archangel of love, peace and harmony.

Camael was excluded from the Holy See's list of named angels in the 2001 Directory on popular piety, which states: "The practice of assigning names to the Holy Angels should be discouraged, except in the cases of Gabriel, Raphael, and Michael whose names are contained in Holy Scripture".

Raphael (archangel)
Raphael (UK: /ˈræfeɪəl/ RAF-ay-əl, US: /ˈræfiəl, ˈreɪf-/ RA(Y)F-ee-əl; "God has healed") is an archangel first mentioned in the Book of Tobit and in 1 Enoch, both estimated to date from between the 3rd and 2nd century BC. In later Jewish tradition, he became identified as one of the three heavenly visitors entertained by Abraham at the Oak of Mamre. He is not named in either the New Testament or the Quran, but later Christian tradition identified him with healing and as the angel who stirred waters in the Pool of Bethesda in John 5:2–4, and in Islam, where his name is Israfil, he is understood to be the unnamed angel of Quran 6:73, standing eternally with a trumpet to his lips, ready to announce the Day of Judgment. In Gnostic tradition, Raphael is represented on the Ophite Diagram. Raphael is an archangel of healing.
Spectral efficiency
Spectral efficiency (alternatively, spectrum efficiency or bandwidth efficiency) refers to the information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth in a specific communication system. It is a measure of how efficiently a limited frequency spectrum is utilized by the physical layer protocol, and sometimes by the medium access control (the channel access protocol).

Spread spectrum
In telecommunications, especially radio communication, spread spectrum are techniques by which a signal  (e.g., an electrical, electromagnetic, or acoustic) generated with a particular bandwidth is deliberately spread in the frequency domain over a wider frequency band. Spread-spectrum techniques are used for the establishment of secure communications, increasing resistance to natural interference, noise, and jamming, to prevent detection, to limit power flux density (e.g., in satellite downlinks), and to enable multiple-access communications.
Papineau station
Papineau station (French pronunciation: [papino]) is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Ville-Marie in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Green Line. It is one of two Metro stations that service Montreal's Gay Village, part of the Centre-Sud district. It opened on October 14, 1966, as part of the original network of the Metro. It briefly served as the terminus of the Green Line until Frontenac station opened two months later.

Frontenac station
Frontenac station (French pronunciation: [fʁɔ̃tnak]) is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Ville-Marie in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Green Line. It is located at 2570 Ontario Street East in the Sainte-Marie neighbourhood, part of the Centre-Sud.
Trebellia gens
The gens Trebellia, occasionally written Trebelia, was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned at the time of the Second Punic War, but they played little role in the Roman state until the final decades of the Republic.  Trebellii are known from inscriptions in Delos and in Athens between 150 and 89 BC.  The most illustrious of the Trebellii was Marcus Trebellius Maximus, who attained the consulship in AD 55.

Gens
In ancient Rome, a gens (/ɡɛns/ or /dʒɛnz/, Latin: [gẽːs]; pl.: gentes [ˈgɛnteːs]) was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen gentilicium and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens, sometimes identified by a distinct cognomen, was called a stirps (pl.: stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged. Certain gentes were classified as patrician, others as plebeian; some had both patrician and plebeian branches. The importance of the gens as a social structure declined considerably in imperial times, although the gentilicium continued to define the origins and dynasties of the ancient Romans, including the emperors.
Sam Davis (rugby league)
Sam Davis (born 11 November 1998) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a hooker for the London Broncos in the Betfred Championship.

He has previously played for London in the Championship and the Super League, and spent time on loan from the Broncos at the Coventry Bears in League 1. Davis has also previously played for the Salford Red Devils in the Super League and the York City Knights in the RFL Championship. He has spent time on loan at the London Broncos in the second tier.

York Knights
The York Knights are the professional rugby league team of York RLFC, based in York, England. The club play their home games at York Community Stadium and competes in the Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

The club, which was founded as the York City Knights, is a  phoenix club established after the original York club folded in 2002. The Knights played in blue and white until 2017 when they reverted to the city's traditional home colours of amber and black. The club was renamed as York RLFC in 2022 with the men's team continuing to be known as the Knights and the women's team becoming the Valkyrie.
Ingmārs Līdaka
Ingmārs Līdaka (born 13 August 1966, Vecumnieki) is a Latvian zoologist and politician who has represented the Union of Greens and Farmers in the Saeima, the Latvian national parliament.

Prior to entering politics, Līdaka worked at Riga Zoo as a public relations specialist. He entered politics in 1995 when he was elected to Riga City Council and was later elected to the Saeima. He became better known following a parliamentary debate on when to fly the Latvian national flag in 2009 when, after his speech was interrupted by members of other parties, he shouted "Aizver muti!" (shut your mouth!) This became a popular phrase in Latvia, with the YouTube video of the incident receiving over 85,000 views and numerous T-shirts bearing the phrase being sold. Līdaka also authored a book Zoodārzs manā pagalmā (The zoo in my backyard.)

In March 2018, he resigned from the Saeima to become head of Riga Zoo, before later being re-elected to 14th Saeima.

Riga Zoo
Riga Zoo is a city-owned zoo in Riga, Latvia. It is located in Mežaparks neighbourhood next to the Mežaparks park, on the western bank of Ķīšezers lake. Riga Zoo houses around 4000 animals of nearly 500 species and is visited by 250–300,000 visitors annually. The zoo has a branch "Cīruļi" in Liepāja district, Kalvene parish, established in 1996, it has an area of 135 hectares (330 acres).
Richard Scheller
Richard H. Scheller (born 30 October 1953) is the former chief science officer and head of therapeutics at 23andMe and the former executive vice president of research and early development at Genentech. He was a professor at Stanford University from 1982 to 2001 before joining Genentech. He has been awarded the Alan T. Waterman Award in 1989, the W. Alden Spencer Award in 1993 and the NAS Award in Molecular Biology in 1997, won the 2010 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience with Thomas C. Südhof and James E. Rothman, and won the 2013 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research with Thomas Südhof. He was also given the Life Sciences Distinguished Alumni Award from University of Wisconsin–Madison. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Kavli Prize
The Kavli Prize was established in 2005 as a joint venture of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and the Kavli Foundation. It honors, supports, and recognizes scientists for outstanding work in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience. Three prizes are awarded every second year. Each of the three Kavli Prizes consists of a gold medal, a scroll, and a cash award of US$1,000,000. The medal has a diameter of 70 millimetres (2.8 in), a thickness of 5 millimetres (0.20 in), and weighs 311 grams (11.0 oz).

The first Kavli Prizes were awarded on 9 September 2008 in Oslo, presented by Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway.
Rerukane Chandawimala Thera
Rerukane Chandawimala Thera was a Sri Lankan Buddhist monk and author. A personality of Sri Lankan Buddhism in the 20th century, he has been regarded as one of the finest scholars of Tripitaka, the sacred canon of Theravada Buddhism. He was also a Buddhist meditation master, professor of Abhidharma and a former Maha Nayaka of the Swegin Chapter of the Amarapura Nikaya. Rerukane Chandawimala Thera was a highly reputed author of Theravada Buddhism, especially on Abhidharma. His books are considered as text books by other authors as well as students.

Amarapura Nikāya
The Amarapura Nikāya (Sinhala: අමරපුර මහ නිකාය) was a Sri Lankan monastic fraternity (gaṇa or nikāya) founded in 1800. It is named after the city of Amarapura, Burma, the capital of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma at that time. Amarapura Nikaya monks are Theravada Buddhists. On 16 August 2019, the Amarapura and Rāmañña Nikāya were unified as the Amarapura–Rāmañña Nikāya, making it the largest Buddhist fraternity in Sri Lanka.
Arbatskaya (Filyovskaya line)
Arbatskaya (Russian: Арба́тская) is a station on the Filyovskaya line of the Moscow Metro. Completed in 1935, it was one of the original Metro stations. The design is the same standard pillar-trispan template used for Smolenskaya, Sokolniki, and Park Kultury. The pillars are faced with pinkish marble and the platform is a matching shade of granite. The walls are covered with cream-colored ceramic tile. The architect was L. Teplitskiy.

Arbatskaya's vestibule is a unique five-tiered, pentagonal structure with the word "Metro" written on all sides. The building is currently painted bright red, making it noticeable and instantly recognizable.

Smolenskaya (Filyovskaya line)
Smolenskaya (Russian: Смоленская) is a station on the Filyovskaya line of the Moscow Metro system in Moscow, Russia. It was opened in 1935 as part of the first Metro line. Designed by S.G. Andriyevsky and T.N. Makarychev, the station features grey marble pillars with flared bases and walls faced with white ceramic tile. Smolenskaya originally had two entrance vestibules, but one was demolished with the expansion of the Garden Ring avenue. There are still two sets of exit stairs on the platform, but one leads to a dead end where the passage to the old vestibule (very similar to the one still in use at Chistye Prudy) used to be. There is no direct transfer to the Smolenskaya metro station. Instead, there is a direct transfer to Plyushchika planned to the station from the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line.
Kung Fu Man (film)
Kung Fu Man, also known as Kung Fu Hero, is a 2012 Chinese–American Kung Fu film. This film was directed by Yuen Cheung-yan and Ning Ying and produced by Keanu Reeves, and starring Tiger Chen, Jiang Mengjie, Arman Darbo, Chyna Mccoy and Vanessa Branch.

Yuen Cheung-yan
Yuen Cheung-yan (Chinese: 袁祥仁; pinyin: Yuán Xiángrén; 1957 – 1 January 2026) was a Hong Kong actor, director, stuntman and fight choreographer who worked for many years in the Hong Kong film industry. During the 1970s and early 1980s, he worked with his elder brother, Yuen Woo-ping, and other members of the Yuen family on several films, some of them kung fu comedies such as Shaolin Drunkard (1983) and The Miracle Fighters (1983). He also worked as a fight choreographer for American films like Charlie's Angels (2000).

On 1 January 2026, Yuen died at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Hong Kong, at the age of 68.
Wendell Corey
Wendell Reid Corey (March 20, 1914 – November 8, 1968) was an American stage, film, and television actor. He was President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and a board member of the Screen Actors Guild, and also served on the Santa Monica City Council.

Screen Actors Guild
The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30, 2012, the union leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) to create SAG-AFTRA.