hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Van Arkel–de Boer process
The van Arkel–de Boer process, also known as the iodide process or crystal-bar process, was the first industrial process for the commercial production of pure ductile titanium, zirconium and some other metals. It was developed by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 for Philips Nv. Now, it is used in the production of small quantities of ultrapure titanium and zirconium. It primarily involves the formation of the metal iodides and their subsequent decomposition to yield pure metal, for example, at one of the Allegheny Technologies' Albany plants.

This process was superseded commercially by the Kroll process (based on the reduction of titanium tetrachloride by metallic magnesium).

Kroll process
The Kroll process is a pyrometallurgical industrial  process used to produce metallic titanium from titanium tetrachloride. As of 2001 William Justin Kroll's process replaced the Hunter process for almost all commercial production.
Superstition in India
Superstitions in India are prevalent and are based on myths, legends, fables, traditions and stories.

People stop if a black cat crosses their path, or if someone sneezes, auspicious work is postponed. Common superstitions in India today include a black cat crossing the road being bad luck, cutting fingernails/toenails at nighttime is considered to give bad luck, a crow calling meaning that guests are arriving, drinking milk after eating fish causing skin diseases, and itchy palms signaling the arrival of money.

Hindu astrology
Hindu astrology, also called Indian astrology, jyotisha (Sanskrit: ज्योतिष, romanized: jyotiṣa; from  jyót 'light, heavenly body') and, more recently, Vedic astrology, is the traditional Hindu system of astrology. It is one of the six auxiliary disciplines in Hinduism that is connected with the study of the Vedas.

The Vedanga Jyotisha is one of the earliest texts about astronomy within the Vedas. Some scholars believe that the horoscopic astrology practiced in the Indian subcontinent came from Hellenistic influences. However, this is a point of intense debate, and other scholars believe that Jyotisha developed independently, although it may have interacted with Greek astrology.

The scientific consensus is that astrology is a pseudoscience.
Zander Insurance Group
Zander Insurance is an American insurance agency headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. Zander shops rates across all lines of insurance, including: term life, disability, home and auto, long-term care, group benefits, business insurance, and more.

Zander has earned the business and endorsement of radio and television personalities including Dave Ramsey, Eddie George, and Tony Gaskins.

Zander is a fourth-generation family-and-employee-owned business. According to the company's website, Zander is 49% employee-owned company.

Dave Ramsey
David Lawrence Ramsey III (born September 3, 1960) is an American radio personality who offers financial advice. He co-hosts the nationally syndicated radio program The Ramsey Show, and is the founder and CEO of Ramsey Solutions. Ramsey has written several books, including The New York Times bestseller The Total Money Makeover, and hosted a television show on Fox Business from 2007 to 2010.
Riverby (band)
Riverby is an American indie rock band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Formed in 2018 by lead singer August Greenberg and guitarist Tyler Asay, the band released an EP, The Guide To Oversharing (2019), before signing to independent label Take This To Heart Records in 2020 and releasing their debut album, Smart Mouth. A second album, Absolution, was released in 2022. Riverby have performed alongside acts including Chris Gethard, Mannequin Pussy, and The Front Bottoms, and have been featured by WXPN and BrooklynVegan.

Chris Gethard
Christopher Paul Gethard (/ˈɡɛθərd/ GETH-ərd; born May 23, 1980) is an American actor, comedian and writer. He was the host of The Chris Gethard Show, a talk show based in New York City, which aired from 2011 to 2018. He hosts the podcasts Beautiful Stories From Anonymous People and New Jersey is the World.
Tina (film)
Tina is a 2021 documentary film directed by Dan Lindsay and T. J. Martin. It follows the life and career of musician Tina Turner. The film marked the final appearance of Turner before her death on May 24, 2023.

A world premiere was held at the Berlin International Film Festival on March 2, 2021. It was released in the United States on March 27, 2021, by HBO, and in the United Kingdom on March 28, 2021, by Altitude Film Distribution.

Altitude Film Distribution
Altitude Film Distribution is a British film distribution company, part of the Altitude Film Entertainment group. The parent company was launched in 2012 by Optimum Releasing founder Will Clarke.  Altitude Film Entertainment is vertically integrated, with divisions that handle film production, finance and international sales, as well as UK distribution.
Below Par Records
Below Par Records is an Australian independent record label established in 2000 by three sixteen-year-old Sydney high-school students, Jai Al-Attas, Mark Catanzariti and Steven Chalker.

In 2001, Matt Hawkes replaced Steven Chalker as the third partner. Below Par Records won the Nescafe Big Break competition in 2002 and, in 2003, Below Par Records went into a label development deal with Eleven owned by John Watson and Melissa Chenery. In 2005 Below Par Records started an imprint called OK!Relax in which they released records by The Scare and Die!Die!Die!. Today, Below Par Records is home to gold-selling artist Kisschasy as well as Something With Numbers, The Scare and Teenage Fairytale Dropouts. Below Par Records is distributed by Virgin/EMI in Australia and New Zealand.

The Scare (band)
The Scare was an Australian punk rock band formed in 2004 by Kiss Reid, Ben Lewis, Samuel Pearton and Liam O'Brien in Brisbane, Queensland. They released their debut EP, Masochist Mimes, in November 2004. Brock Alexander Fitzgerald joined in 2005 and the band released a second EP, Vacuum Irony in October. Wade Keighran joined later in the year and in 2006 the band relocated to Birmingham.

They returned to Australia to record their first album before returning to the UK to tour. Their debut album, Chivalry, was released in 2007. This was followed up by the Daniel Johns produced Oozevoodoo in September 2009. The band has toured in Australia, UK and USA and have had national rotation on Triple J. The band broke up in 2010, playing their last gig on 9 August in Fortitude Valley QLD.
Bida Emirate
The Bida Emirate is a traditional state in Nigeria, a successor to the old Nupe Kingdom, with its headquarters in Bida, Niger State. The head of the emirate is the Etsu Nupe, who is the leader of the Nupe people.

Nupe people
The Nupe (traditionally called the Nufawa by the Hausas and Tapa by the neighbouring Yoruba) are an ethnic group native to North Central Nigeria. They are the dominant ethnic group in Niger State and an important minority in Kwara State. The Nupe are also present in Kogi State and The Federal Capital Territory.
USS O'Hare
USS O'Hare (DD/DDR-889) was a  Gearing-class destroyer of the United States Navy in commission from 1945 to 1973. She was named for Lieutenant Commander Edward "Butch" O'Hare, Medal of Honor recipient, who was shot down during the Battle of Tarawa on 27 November 1943.

After the conclusion of her U.S. Navy service, O'Hare was transferred to Spain, where she served in the Spanish Navy from 1973 to 1992 as Méndez Núñez (D63).

Gearing-class destroyer
The Gearing class was a series of 98 destroyers built for the U.S. Navy during and shortly after World War II. The Gearing design was a minor modification of the Allen M. Sumner class, whereby the hull was lengthened by 14 ft (4.3 m) at amidships, which resulted in more fuel storage space and increased the operating range.

The first Gearings were not ready for service until mid-1945 and saw little service in World War II. They continued serving, with a series of upgrades, until the 1970s. At that time many were sold to other nations, where they served many more years.
Rahguzar
Rahguzar is a 1960 Pakistani film directed and written by Zia Sarhadi. It was Sarhadi's debut in Lollywood, after his migration to Pakistan. Sabiha Khanam, Nayyar Sultana and Aslam Pervaiz played the lead roles in the film. Muslehuddin was the music composer while Tanvir Naqvi was the lyricist. It was released on 15 January 1960.

Nayyar Sultana
Nayyar Sultana (born Tayyaba Bano; 1937 – 27 October 1992), known as Malka-i-Jazbaat (Queen of Sentiments) and Queen of Emotions, was a Pakistani film actress. She became one of the foremost screen actresses of Lollywood in the 1950s and 1960s.
Clarins
Clarins is a global leader in luxury skincare and cosmetics, renowned for its pioneering fusion of science and nature. Founded in Paris in 1954 by Jacques Courtin‑Clarins, the brand revolutionized the beauty industry by being the first company to add plant extracts to skincare for their unique benefits.

With products crafted exclusively in France and exported to nearly 150 countries, the company's products are sold both online and at high-end department stores and retailers. The brand has been the number one luxury skincare brand in Europe since in 1990s, and its flagship Double Serum is ranked the bestselling serum worldwide, with one bottle sold every 3 seconds.

Clarins owns numerous brands including its eponymous brand Clarins, myBlend, ILIA Beauty, and was a major player in the fragrance industry through the Clarins Fragrance Group until it sold its fragrance division to L'Oréal in 2020.

L'Oréal
L'Oréal S.A. (French: [lɔʁe.al]) is a French multinational personal care corporation registered in Paris and headquartered in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine. As of 2024, it is the world's largest cosmetics company. As of the early 2020s, L'Oréal owned 36 brands and 497 patents.
Anel Hadžić
Anel Hadžić (pronounced [ǎnel xǎdʒitɕ]; born 16 August 1989) is a Bosnian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.

Hadžić started his professional career at Ried, before joining Sturm Graz in 2013. Three years later, he was transferred to Eskişehirspor. Later that year, he signed with Fehérvár. In 2021, Hadžić moved to Wacker Innsbruck. He switched to Wels later that year.

A former Austrian youth international, Hadžić made his senior international debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2014, earning 14 caps until 2017. He represented the nation at their first major championship, the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

Eskişehirspor
Eskişehirspor Kulübü is a Turkish football club located in Eskişehir. Founded in 1965, Eskişehirspor competed in the top division of Turkish football for 16 years until they were relegated. After being out of the Süper Lig for 12 years the club won the TFF First League playoffs and were promoted in May 2008. Since being relegated from the Süper Lig in 2016 they have competed in lower leagues.
Peptone water
Peptone water is a microbial growth medium composed of peptic digest of animal tissue and sodium chloride. The pH of the medium is 7.2±0.2 at 25 °C and is rich in tryptophan. Peptone water is also a non-selective broth medium which can be used as a primary enrichment medium for the growth of bacteria.

Growth medium
A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens. Different types of media are used for growing different types of cells.

The two major types of growth media are those used for cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals, and those used for microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths and agar plates; specialized media are sometimes required for microorganism and cell culture growth. Some organisms, termed fastidious organisms, require specialized environments due to complex nutritional requirements. Viruses, for example, are obligate intracellular parasites and require a growth medium containing living cells.
Into the Sun (Candlebox album)
Into the Sun is the fourth studio album by Seattle post-grunge band Candlebox. Released in 2008, it is their first album since 1998's Happy Pills and would mark both the band's studio return after a seven-year hiatus as well as their first album with Silent Majority Group.

Candlebox (album)
Candlebox is the debut album by Seattle rock band Candlebox. It contains their best known hit, "Far Behind", as well as the hit singles "Change", "You" and "Cover Me". Released in 1993, the album has since been certified 4× platinum in the United States.
Outlaws of the Rio Grande
Outlaws of the Rio Grande is a 1941 American Western film directed by Sam Newfield and written by George H. Plympton. The film stars Tim McCoy, Virginia Carpenter, Charles King, Ralph Peters, Karl Hackett and Rex Lease. The film was released on February 26, 1941, by Producers Releasing Corporation.

Tim McCoy
Colonel Tim McCoy (April 10, 1891 – January 29, 1978) was an American actor, military officer, and expert on American Indian life. McCoy is most noted for his roles in B-grade Western films. As a popular cowboy film star, he had his picture on the front of a Wheaties cereal box.
Walnut Creek (Marais des Cygnes River tributary)
Walnut Creek is a stream in Linn County, Kansas and Bates County, Missouri in the United States. It is a tributary of the Marais des Cygnes River.

Walnut Creek was named for the black walnut timber along its course.

Marais des Cygnes River
The Marais des Cygnes River (/ˌmɛər də ˈziːn, - ˈsiːn, ˈmɛər də ziːn/ MAIR de ZEEN, -⁠ zeen, -⁠ SEEN, French: [maʁɛ de siɲ]) is a principal tributary of the Osage River, about 217 miles (349 km) long, in eastern Kansas and western Missouri in the United States. Via the Osage and Missouri rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River.

The name Marais des Cygnes means "Marsh of the Swans" in French (presumably in reference to the trumpeter swan, which was historically common in the Midwest).

The river is notorious for flash flooding. It is referred to in the song "The River" by Chely Wright.  La Cygne, Kansas, in Linn County and Osawatomie, Kansas, in Miami County are gravely affected by its flooding.
2003 PBA All-Filipino Cup finals
The 2003 Samsung-PBA All-Filipino Cup finals was the best-of-7 basketball championship series of the 2003 PBA All-Filipino Cup and the conclusion of the conference's playoffs. The Talk 'N Text Phone Pals and Coca Cola Tigers played for the 84th championship contested by the league.

Talk 'N Text Phone Pals overcame a 0–2 overhaul and wins their first-ever PBA title in 13 years, (not counting the 1998 PBA Centennial Cup) winning four straight over the defending champions Coca Cola Tigers in a 4–2 series victory.

Powerade Tigers
The Powerade Tigers were a professional basketball team that played in the Philippine Basketball Association from 2002 to 2012. The franchise was owned by Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. (CCBPI) when the company acquired Cosmos Bottling Corporation from RFM Corporation. From 2002 to 2010, the team played as the Coca-Cola Tigers. The franchise won two PBA championships, in 2002 and 2003.
Handball Federation of Uzbekistan
The Handball Federation of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O'zbekiston Gandbol Federatsiyasi) (HFU) is the administrative and controlling body for handball and beach handball in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Founded in 1991, HFU is a member of Asian Handball Federation (AHF) and the International Handball Federation (IHF).

Asian Handball Federation
The Asian Handball Federation (AHF) is the governing body of handball and beach handball in Asia. It has 44 member countries, mostly located on the Asian continent, but excludes the transcontinental countries with territory in both Europe and Asia – Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation and Turkey – which are instead members of European Handball Federation (EHF). Three other states located along the western fringe of Asia – Cyprus, Armenia and Israel – are also EHF members. Hong Kong and Macau, although not independent countries (both are special regions of China), are also members of the AHF.

One of IHF's six continental confederations, the AHF was formed officially on 26 August 1974 in Tehran (Imperial State of Iran), on the sidelines of the 7th Asian Games 1974. The AHF headquarters is located in Kuwait City (Kuwait). Its current president is Sheikh Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah from Kuwait, who is a member of House of Al Sabah, the ruling family of Kuwait.
Solomon Teff
Solomon Teff was a solicitor and the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1964 to 1967. He was a member of the Hove Hebrew Congregation in Brighton and Hove.

Teff became acting president of the Board of Deputies upon the death of Abraham Moss and was succeeded by Michael Fidler. In 1964, as head of the Board of Deputies he spoke before the Twenty-Sixth Zionist Congress praising British Jews who migrated to Israel.

Teff died in 1979.

Abraham Moss
Abraham Moss (1898 or 1899- 20 June 1964) was the Lord Mayor of Manchester from 1953 to 1954. He was born in Manchester to Romanian Jewish parents, his father was Hasid and a Talmudic scholar. He was educated at Salford Grammar School. He married Doris Lewis in 1935. He was first elected to Manchester City Council in 1929. He worked in the textile trade but he focussed heavily on education and an elected councillor.

He was made a Justice of the peace in 1943 and an Alderman in 1946. In 1949 he liaised with Jewish organisation in the United States. He was made Master of Arts Honoris causa by University of Manchester in 1952. He died of a heart attack just days after being elected President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, having been vice president for the proceeding 8 years.

Abraham Moss tram stop, Abraham Moss Community School and a combined leisure centre and library are named in his honour.
The Storm (Danish band)
The Storm is a former Danish rock band formed in 2006 by Pernille Rosendahl (former lead singer of Swan Lee) and Johan Wohlert (former bassist of Mew) which are to date the only permanent members of the band.

Swan Lee
Swan Lee is a Danish indie rock band consisting of singer Pernille Rosendahl, guitarist Jonas Struck and drummer Emil Jørgensen. Swan Lee has released three albums on their own label GoGo Records: Enter (2001), Swan Lee (2004) and The Garden (2023). They have won Danmarks Radio's P3 award, and are particularly known for the singles "Tomorrow Never Dies", "Love Will Keep You Warm" and "I Don't Mind".
Live: The Loom's Desire
Live: The Loom's Desire is a posthumous live double album from American singer-songwriter Laura Nyro released by Rounder Records in 2002. The recordings are made up of Christmas Eve shows that she performed in 1993 and 1994 at The Bottom Line and received positive reviews from critics.

Rounder Records
Rounder Records is an independent record label founded in 1970 in Somerville, Massachusetts, by Marian Leighton Levy, Ken Irwin, and Bill Nowlin. Focused on American roots music, Rounder's catalogue of more than 3000 titles includes records by Alison Krauss and Union Station, George Thorogood, Tony Rice, and Béla Fleck, in addition to re-releases of seminal albums by artists including Carter Family, Jelly Roll Morton, Lead Belly, and Woody Guthrie. "Championing and preserving the music of artists whose music falls outside of the mainstream," Rounder releases have won 54 Grammy Awards representing diverse genres, from bluegrass, folk, reggae, and gospel to pop, rock, Americana, polka, and world music. Acquired by Concord in 2010, Rounder is based in Nashville. In 2016, the founders of Rounder (Levy, Irwin and Nowlin) were inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame.
Iver Jåks
Iver Jåks (25 October 1932 – 17 March 2007) was a Norwegian Sámi artist, sculptor and illustrator. He contributed to the development and international recognition of Sámi art. Known for incorporating elements of Sámi culture and mythology in his work, Jåks achieved prominence through his distinctive artistic approach that bridged traditional Sámi craftsmanship with contemporary artistic expressions. Throughout his career, he played a pivotal role in museum contexts, helping to shape exhibitions of Sámi culture and developing what scholars have described as a form of "visual sovereignty" for Sámi perspectives. His artistic contributions earned him numerous accolades, including the Arts Council Norway Honorary Award, the Norwegian Sámi Association's honorary prize, and knighthood in the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 2002. Jåks's work is represented in major collections, including the National Gallery of Norway and the Nordnorsk Kunstmuseum.

Order of St. Olav
The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Norwegian: Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on 21 August 1847. It is named after King Olav II, known to posterity as St. Olav.

Just before the union with Sweden was dissolved in 1905, the Order of the Norwegian Lion was instituted in 1904 by King Oscar II, but no appointments were awarded by his successor, King Haakon VII. The Order of St. Olav thus became the kingdom's only order of chivalry for the next 80 years. The Grand Master of the order is the reigning monarch of Norway. It is used to reward individuals for remarkable accomplishments on behalf of the country and humanity. Since 1985, appointments to the order have only been conferred upon Norwegian citizens, though foreign heads of state and royalty may be appointed as a matter of courtesy.
Dave Clark (musician)
David Clark (born 15 December 1939) is an English musician, songwriter, record producer and entrepreneur. Clark was the leader, drummer and manager of the 1960s beat group the Dave Clark Five, the first British Invasion band to follow the Beatles to the United States in 1964. In 2008, Clark and his band were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

British Invasion
The British Invasion was a cultural phenomenon of the mid-late 1960s, when rock and pop music acts from the United Kingdom and other aspects of British culture became popular in the United States with significant influence on the rising "counterculture" on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. British pop and rock groups such as the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Bee Gees, Gerry and the Pacemakers, the Who, the Kinks, the Zombies, Small Faces, the Dave Clark Five, the Spencer Davis Group, the Yardbirds, Them, Manfred Mann, the Searchers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, Freddie and the Dreamers, the Hollies, Herman's Hermits,  Chad and Jeremy, Peter and Gordon, the Animals, the Moody Blues, the Mindbenders, the Troggs, John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, Cream, Traffic, the Pretty Things, and Procol Harum, as well as solo singers such as Dusty Springfield, Cilla Black, Petula Clark, Tom Jones, Donovan, Shirley Bassey and Marianne Faithfull were at the forefront of the "invasion."