hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1997 Punitaqui earthquake
The 1997 Punitaqui earthquake occurred at 01:03 UTC on October 15. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.1 Mwc. This earthquake was one of the most destructive in the epicentral area compared to other events of subduction of the same size. The extensive damage to structures was the result of an amplification effect on the ground and the poor quality of building materials, this reflects the potential for damage incurred in an intraplate earthquake with vertical fault and how it can be much greater than what which can cause one of interplate of similar magnitude, and caused severe damage in Chilean cities of La Serena, Vicuña, Ovalle, Illapel and Punitaqui.

La Serena, Chile
La Serena (Spanish pronunciation: [la seˈɾena]) is a city and commune in northern Chile, capital of the Coquimbo Region. Founded in 1544, it is the country's second oldest city after the national capital, Santiago. As of 2012, it had a communal population of roughly 200,000, and was one of the fastest-growing areas of Chile.

The city is an important tourist destination for Chileans and Argentines, especially during the summer, where people go to visit the beaches. It is the headquarters of the University of La Serena and also is home to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of La Serena, one of five Catholic Archdioceses of the Catholic Church in Chile.
City of Toronto Act
The City of Toronto Act is a city charter–type statute which governs the organization and political powers of Toronto. There have been other acts governing the city passed by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since Toronto's original incorporation as a city in 1834, although they have since been consolidated and repealed as the city matured over time.

As of 2025, Toronto's governing document is the City of Toronto Act, 2006.

Municipal charter
A city charter or town charter (generically, municipal charter) is a legal document (charter) establishing a municipality such as a city or town.  The concept developed in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Traditionally, the granting of a charter gave a settlement and its inhabitants the right to town privileges under the feudal system.  Townspeople who lived in chartered towns were burghers, as opposed to serfs who lived in villages.  Towns were often "free", in the sense that they were directly protected by the king or emperor, and were not part of a feudal fief.

Today, the process for granting is determined by the type of government of the state in question.  In monarchies, charters are still often a royal charter given by the Crown or the authorities acting on behalf of the Crown.  In federations, the granting of charters may be within the jurisdiction of the lower level of government, such as a province.
Ahmed Iljazovski
Ahmed Iljazovski (Macedonian: Ахмед Илјазовски; Albanian: Ahmet Iljazi; born 31 July 1997) is a professional footballer who plays as a right-back for the Danish club Hvidovre. Born in Denmark, he plays for the North Macedonia national team.

Hvidovre IF
Hvidovre Idrætsforening, more commonly known as Hvidovre IF (Danish pronunciation: [ˈviðˌɒwʁɐ ˌiˀˈef]) is a Danish association football club from Hvidovre, Capital Region of Denmark. The club competes in the Danish 1st Division, the second tier of Danish football, and plays its home matches at the Hvidovre Stadion.

Formed in 1925, the club has been crowned Danish champions three times, in 1966, 1973 and 1981, and have won the Danish Cup once, in 1980.
Jan Pieter Brueghel
Jan Pieter Brueghel or Jan Peeter Brueghel (29 August 1628 (baptised) – between 1664 and 1684) was a Flemish painter who specialised in flower still lifes and garland paintings. A scion of the famous Brueghel family of painters, he trained in Antwerp with his father and later worked in Liège, Paris and Italy.

Daniel Seghers
Daniel Seghers (3 December 1590 – 2 November 1661) was a Flemish Jesuit brother and painter who specialized in flower still lifes.  He is particularly well known for his contributions to the genre of flower garland painting. His paintings were collected enthusiastically by aristocratic patrons and he had numerous followers and imitators.
Andy Lee (South Korean singer)
Lee Sun-ho (Korean: 이선호; born January 21, 1981), mononymously credited as Andy Lee (앤디), is a South Korean singer, rapper, actor and record producer. He is the youngest member of six-member boy band Shinhwa. Besides rapping for his band, Andy has ventured out into television acting, musicals, and solo singing. Andy is also the producer of duo Jumper and boy groups Teen Top, 100% and Up10tion.

Teen Top
Teen Top (Korean: 틴탑) is a South Korean boy band formed by TOP Media in 2010. The group is composed of four members: Chunji, Niel, Ricky and Changjo. Originally a six-piece group, L.Joe had filed for contract termination in February 2017, and former leader C.A.P. left the group on May 11, 2023. Teen Top debuted with their first single album Come into the World on July 9, 2010.
Downtown Largo station
Downtown Largo station (also known as Largo) is an island-platformed Washington Metro station in Lake Arbor, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States, with a Largo postal address.

The station opened on December 18, 2004, as Largo Town Center and is operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). It is the eastern terminus of the Blue and half of Silver Line trains, and serves the town of Largo and the former The Boulevard at the Capital Centre.

It is the first and so far only station in Prince George's County outside the Capital Beltway, and is located about 1 mile (1.6 km) from Northwest Stadium, the home of the Washington Commanders. It is also a major commuter station, with two parking garages, containing a total of 2,200 spaces, connected by a bridge at the top level. This station is also one of two stations that has two lines terminating at one station, the other one is New Carrollton.

Northwest Stadium
Northwest Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Landover, Maryland, United States, located within the census-designated place of Summerfield 2.5 miles (4 km) east of Washington, D.C. It is the home venue of the National Football League (NFL) team Washington Commanders. The stadium opened in 1997 as Jack Kent Cooke Stadium and was known as FedExField from 1999 until 2024.

Northwest Stadium had the NFL's largest capacity at 91,000 from 2004 until 2010 and currently seats 64,000. The stadium is owned and operated by the Commanders, with non-NFL events managed by Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment (HBSE). The Commanders are scheduled to vacate Northwest for New Commanders Stadium in Washington, D.C., upon its completion in 2030.
Muhammad Shawez Khan
Muhammad Shawez Khan is a Pakistani politician who remained Vice Chairman Hasan Abdal for consecutive four terms. Later he was elected Tehsil Nazim, from 2001 to 2005 and was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, from May 2013 to May 2018 and was given the charge of Chairperson of standing committee on Ministry of Religious Affairs and Auqaf.

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab
The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, also known as the Punjab Assembly, is the supreme legislative body of Punjab, a province of Pakistan. It convenes at the Assembly Building in Lahore, the capital of Punjab. It is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives; and was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of Pakistan, having a total of 371 seats, with 297 general seats, 66 seats reserved for women and 8 reserved for non-Muslims.
Baháʼí Faith in Colombia
The Baháʼí Faith in Colombia begins with references to the country in Baháʼí literature as early as 1916, with Baháʼís visiting as early as 1927. The first Colombian joined the religion in 1929 and the first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly was elected in Bogotá in 1944 with the beginning of the arrival of coordinated pioneers from the United States and achieved an independent National Spiritual Assembly in 1961. By 1963 there were eleven local assemblies. In the 1980s institutions were developed in Colombia that have influenced activities inside and independent of the religion in other countries: FUNDAEC and the Ruhi Institute.  The Association of Religion Data Archives (relying mostly on the World Christian Encyclopedia) estimated some 70,000 Baháʼís (0.2% of the population) in 2005, and about the same in 2010.

World Christian Encyclopedia
World Christian Encyclopedia is a reference work, with its third edition published by Edinburgh University Press in November 2019. The WCE is known for providing membership statistics for major world religions and Christian denominations including historical data and projections of future populations.

The data incorporated into the World Christian Encyclopedia have been made available online at the World Christian Database (WCD).
The Cordish Companies
The Cordish Companies is a U.S.-based real estate development and entertainment operating company with its headquarters on the 6th floor of the Pratt Street Power Plant in Baltimore, Maryland. It was founded in 1910 by Louis Cordish.

Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood
Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood, also known as The Guitar Hotel, due to its tower having been designed and constructed to resemble a Gibson Les Paul guitar, is an integrated resort near Hollywood, Florida, United States, located on 100 acres (40 ha) of the Hollywood Reservation of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. The property currently has three hotel towers, a 140,000 sq ft (13,000 m2) casino, large poker room, a 4-acre (1.6 ha) lagoon-style pool facility with a center bar and many private restaurants, shops, spa, cabanas, bars and nightclubs, and the Hard Rock Event Center. A large expansion was completed in October 2019.
Political violence in Turkey (1976–1980)
Political violence in Turkey became a serious problem in the late 1970s and was even described as a "low-level civil war". Far-left groups and Turkish right-wing ultranationalist gangs, sometimes allied with the state, were responsible for most of the violence. Ultimately, over 5,000 people died in the conflict. The violence lessened for a while after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, and was later overshadowed by the PKK insurgency in 1984 and the revival of the Maoist insurgency.

Justice Party (Turkey)
The Justice Party (Turkish: Adalet Partisi, AP) was a Turkish political party prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. A descendant of the Democrat Party, the AP was dominated by Süleyman Demirel, who served six times as prime minister, and was in office at the time of the military coup on 12 September 1980. Along with all other political parties in Turkey, the Justice Party was suppressed in the immediate aftermath of the coup. It was subsequently re-established as the True Path Party in 1983.

The Justice Party was a Turkish nationalist and liberal conservative party. It advocated Kemalist principles, parliamentary democracy and a market economy. It strongly supported membership in NATO and close relations with the United States.
The Far Country (film)
The Far Country is a 1954 American Technicolor Western film directed by Anthony Mann and starring James Stewart, Ruth Roman, Walter Brennan, John McIntire and Corinne Calvet. Written by Borden Chase, the film is about a self-minded adventurer who locks horns with an evil, corrupt judge while driving cattle to Dawson, Yukon Territory. It is one of the few Westerns to be set in Alaska — others include The Spoilers (1955) and North to Alaska (1960) — although it was not filmed there. This was the fourth Western film collaboration between Anthony Mann and James Stewart. The supporting cast features Jay C. Flippen, Harry Morgan, Steve Brodie, Robert J. Wilke, Chubby Johnson, Royal Dano and Jack Elam.

Jack Elam
William Scott "Jack" Elam (November 13, 1920 – October 20, 2003) was an American film and television actor best known for his numerous roles as villains in Western films, and later in his career, comedies (sometimes spoofing his villainous image). His most distinguishing physical quality was his misaligned eye. Before his career in acting, he took several jobs in finance and served two years in the U.S. Navy during World War II. Elam performed in 73 movies and in at least 41 television series.
Mooers–Hemmingford Border Crossing
The Mooers–Hemmingford Border Crossing connects the towns of Hemmingford, Quebec, to Mooers, New York, on the Canada–US border. It can be reached by Quebec Route 219 on the Canadian side and by Hemmingford Road (former New York State Route 22) on the American side. This crossing is open 24 hours per day, 365 days per year.  The US government is still using the same border station it did when the crossing was first established in 1935. In 2014, the building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

Chateaugay–Herdman Border Crossing
The Chateaugay–Herdman Border Crossing connects the towns of Hinchinbrooke, Quebec to Chateaugay, New York on the Canada–US border. The crossing can be reached by New York State Route 374 on the American side, while Chemin Herdman connects it to Quebec Route 202 on the Canadian side. This crossing is open 24 Hours per day, 365 days per year.  Border inspections at the crossing were established in 1933 in response to a surge in alcohol smuggling from Canada into the United States. The U.S. border station and inspector's residence built at that time are still in use, and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
Recursive largest first algorithm
The Recursive Largest First (RLF) algorithm is a heuristic for the NP-hard graph coloring problem. It was originally proposed by Frank Leighton in 1979.

The RLF algorithm assigns colors to a graph’s vertices by constructing each color class one at a time. It does this by identifying a maximal independent set of vertices in the graph, assigning these to the same color, and then removing these vertices from the graph. These actions are repeated on the remaining subgraph until no vertices remain.

To form high-quality solutions (solutions using few colors), the RLF algorithm uses specialized heuristic rules to try to identify "good quality" independent sets. These heuristics make the RLF algorithm exact for bipartite, cycle, and wheel graphs. In general, however, the algorithm is approximate and may well return solutions that use more colors than the graph’s chromatic number.

Cycle graph
In graph theory, a cycle graph or circular graph is a graph that consists of a single cycle, or in other words, some number of vertices (at least 3, if the graph is simple) connected in a closed chain. The cycle graph with n vertices is called Cn. The number of vertices in Cn equals the number of edges, and every vertex has degree 2; that is, every vertex has exactly two edges incident with it.

Cycle graph  is an isolated loop. Cycle graph  is the same as complete graph .
Cathy Stepp
Catherine L. "Cathy" Stepp (née O'Donnell; born August 17, 1963) is an American government administrator and former Republican politician.  She is the city administrator of Branson, Missouri, and previously served as regional administrator (midwest) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under President Donald Trump.  Earlier, she was secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources in the cabinet of governor Scott Walker, and served four years in the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Racine County.

Racine County, Wisconsin
Racine County (/rəˈsiːn, reɪ-/ ⓘ rə-SEEN, ray-) is a county in southeastern Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, its population was 197,727, making it Wisconsin's fifth-most populous county. Its county seat is Racine. The county was founded in 1836, then a part of the Wisconsin Territory. The Root River is the county's namesake, as racine is the French for "root".

Racine County comprises the Racine metropolitan statistical area. This area is part of the Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha combined statistical area. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 792 square miles (2,050 km2), of which 333 square miles (860 km2) is land and 460 square miles (1,200 km2) (58%) is water. The county's unemployment rate was 5.6% in June 2021.
Panthays
Panthays are a Chinese Muslim ethnic group in Myanmar. They are one of the oldest groups of Muslims in Burma. The exact proportion of the Chinese Muslim group in the local Chinese population remains unknown due to a lack of data. However, they are concentrated particularly in the northern part of Myanmar, closer to Yunnan, China, from where the Panthays historically originated. They particularly reside in the towns of Tangyan, Maymyo, Mogok, and Taunggyi in Mandalay and Shan State.

Mogok
Mogok (Burmese: မိုးကုတ်မြို့, MLCTS: mui: kut mrui., [móɡoʊʔ]; Shan: မိူင်းၵုတ်ႈ, Möng Kut [mɤ́ŋ kut]) is a Mandalay Region major city of around 90,000 people in the Thabeikkyin District of Mandalay Region of Myanmar, located 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Mandalay and 148 kilometres (92 mi) north-east of Shwebo.
Murad Agha Mosque
The Murad Agha Mosque (Arabic: جامع مراد آغا) is a mosque in Tajura, Libya. Its construction was commissioned by Murad Agha, the first Ottoman Beylerbey of Tripoli, in the 1550s. The mosque's minaret was built in the 20th century, in place of a previous one that collapsed in 1901.

Pasha of Tripoli
Pasha of Tripoli was a title that was held by many rulers of Tripoli in Ottoman Tripolitania. The Ottoman Empire ruled the territory for most time from the Siege of Tripoli in 1551 until the Italian invasion of Libya in 1911, at the onset of the Italo-Turkish War.
Milton Barney Jr.
Milton Jeffery Barney Jr. (born 1988) is a baseball coach and former infielder, who is the current head baseball coach of the Miles Golden Bears. He played college baseball at Southern in 2007 and Grambling State from 2008 to 2010. He then served as the head baseball coach of the Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils (2023)

Grambling State Tigers baseball
The Grambling State Tigers baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Grambling State University in Grambling, Louisiana, U.S. The team is a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. The team plays its home games at Wilbert Ellis Field at Ralph Waldo Emerson Jones Park in Grambling, Louisiana. The Tigers are coached by Davin Pierre.

The program was founded by Ralph Waldo Emerson Jones, who served as the team's first head coach.
Greyhound racing in the United States
Greyhound racing in the United States is a sport and parimutuel gambling activity. The industry is regulated by state law and greyhound care is regulated by the American Greyhound Council (AGC) and the National Greyhound Association.

Beginning in roughly 1990, and continuing over the next three decades, the vast majority of greyhound tracks have closed due to declining betting revenue, encroachment by Native American gaming and commercial casino gambling into states with greyhound racing, the legalization of sports betting and concerns over the welfare of racing greyhounds. Although roughly one-half of US states offer online advance-deposit wagering as well as off-track betting and race and sports book betting, as of 2025, only two tracks currently conduct actual live racing onsite, both in West Virginia.

Advance-deposit wagering
Advance-deposit wagering (ADW) is a form of gambling on the outcome of horse races in which bettors must fund their account before being allowed to place bets. ADW is often conducted online or by phone. In contrast to ADW, credit shops allow wagers without advance funding; accounts are settled at month-end. Racetrack owners, horse trainers and state governments sometimes receive a share of ADW revenues.

It typically involves betting on horse or greyhound racing. Wagering may take place through parimutuel pools.
Bhanu Municipality
Bhanu is a municipality of Tanahun District in Gandaki Province of western Nepal. The municipality was established on 19 September 2015 by merging the existing Bhanu village development committee or VDC, Barbhanjyang VDCs, Rupakot (VDC), Tanahunsur Village Development Committee, Purkot VDC, Mirlung VDC, Satiswara VDC, Risti VDC, Basantapur VDC and Chok Chisapani VDC. The center of the municipality is established in former VDC Office of Bhanu. After merging the population of all of the VDCs, it had a total population of 46,179 according to 2011 Nepal census. After the government decision the number of municipalities has reached 217 in Nepal.  Nepali poet Bhanubhakta Acharya was born in Bhanu Municipality. It was named after him.

2011 Nepal census
Nepal conducted a widespread national census in 2011 by the Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics. Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.
Pahamuddin
Pahamuddin, officially the Municipality of Pahamuddin (Maguindanaon: Inged nu Pahamuddin, Jawi: Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Pahamuddin; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Pahamuddin; Tagalog: Bayan ng Pahamuddin), is a municipality in the province of Cotabato, Philippines. The municipality is part of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao despite Cotabato being part of Soccsksargen.

Soccsksargen
Soccsksargen (officially stylized in all caps; [sokˈsardʒɛn]), designated as Region XII, is an administrative region of the Philippines. Formerly known as Central Mindanao, it is located in south-central Mindanao and comprises four provinces: Cotabato, Sarangani, South Cotabato, and Sultan Kudarat, and one highly urbanized city, General Santos. The regional center is Koronadal in South Cotabato, while the center of commerce and industry is General Santos, the most populous city in the region.
Dhaka BRT
The Dhaka BRT (Bengali: ঢাকা বিআরটি) or Dhaka Line (Bengali: ঢাকা লাইন) is an under-construction bus rapid transit system in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

The original plan for the network included two lines: BRT Line-3 and BRT Line-7. Currently, only the northern section of BRT Line-3 is under construction, latest updated scheduled for completion by 2025, while the other route is still in the planning phase. The Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation operates a bus route on the incomplete BRT Line-3.

Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation
The Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation (BRTC) is a state-owned road and transport service organization of Bangladesh. It was established under the Government Ordinance No.7 of 1961 dated 4 February 1961. Following the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, it assumed its current name. It is responsible for issuing buses and maintaining the public transports in the roads and highway division.