hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Horsehay Sand Formation
The Horsehay Sand Formation is a geological formation in England. Part of the Great Oolite Group, it was deposited in the Bajocian to Bathonian stages of the Middle Jurassic, the lithology consists of weakly cemented sand and sandstone, with thin interbeds of mudstone and siltstone. Rootlets and lignitic debris are common. It is the lateral equivalent of the Chipping Norton Limestone and the lower part of the Rutland Formation

Great Oolite Group
The Great Oolite Group is a Middle Jurassic stratigraphic unit that outcrops in southern England. It consists of a complex set of marine deposits primarily mudstone and bioclastic ooidal and fine grained limestone, deposited in nearshore to shelf settings.  It is exposed at the surface as a variably thick belt extending roughly NE-SW from the coast of Dorset up to the Humber. It is also present at depth in the Weald and Wessex Basins, as well as offshore. Several of the constituent formations, notably the Taynton Limestone Formation and the Forest Marble Formation are notable for their fossil content, including those of dinosaurs and pterosaurs and some of the earliest mammals.
Manimangalam
12°54′58″N 80°02′31″E﻿ / ﻿12.916°N 80.042°E﻿ / 12.916; 80.042

Manimangalam is a small town located in the Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu state in Southern India, famous for its ancient temples and inscriptions documenting the history of the ancient Tamil kings

Kanchipuram district
Kanchipuram district is one of the 38 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The area comprising the present day Kancheepuram district was earlier a part of Chingleput district. The original Chingleput district was split in 1997 into form the present day Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur districts.

On 18 July 2019, Chengalpattu district was carved out of Kanchipuram district, with suburbs from Chengalpet towards Chennai under the district headquarters in Chengalpet. The separation came into effect from 29 November which was done by former Chief Minister Mr. Edappadi K Palaniswami.
Buddhism in Germany
Buddhism in Germany looks back to a history of over 150 years. Arthur Schopenhauer was one of the earliest Germans who were influenced by Buddhism. Schopenhauer got his knowledge of Buddhism from authors like Isaac Jacob Schmidt (1779–1847). German Buddhists or Orientalists like Karl Eugen Neumann, Paul Dahlke, Georg Grimm, Friedrich Zimmermann (Subhadra Bhikschu) and the first German Buddhist monk Nyanatiloka Mahathera were also influenced by Schopenhauer and his understanding of Buddhism. But also German Indologists like Hermann Oldenberg and his work "Buddha, sein Leben, seine Lehre, seine Gemeinde" had an important influence on German Buddhism.

Karl Eugen Neumann
Karl Eugen Neumann (1865–1915) was the first translator of large parts of the Pali Canon of Buddhist scriptures from the original Pali into a European language (German) and one of the pioneers of European Buddhism.
Hermione (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Hermione (/hɜːrˈmaɪ.əni/; Ancient Greek: Ἑρμιόνη, romanized: Hermiónē [hermi.ónɛː]) was the daughter of Menelaus, king of Sparta, and his wife, Helen of Troy. Prior to the Trojan War, Hermione had been betrothed by Tyndareus, her grandfather, to her cousin Orestes, son of her uncle, Agamemnon. According to Apollodorus, she was nine years old when her mother eloped with Paris, son of the Trojan king Priam.

During the war, Menelaus promised her to Achilles' son, Neoptolemus. After the war ended, he sent Hermione away to the city of Phthia (the home of Peleus and Achilles), where Neoptolemus was staying. The two were married, yet, soon afterwards, Neoptolemus traveled to Delphi in order to exact vengeance against Apollo for having caused his father's death, only to be killed there. With Neoptolemus dead, Hermione was free to marry Orestes, with whom she had a son, Tisamenus.

Paris (mythology)
Paris (Ancient Greek: Πάρις, romanized: Páris), also known as Alexander (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, romanized: Aléxandros), is a mythological figure in the story of the Trojan War. He appears in numerous Greek legends and works of Ancient Greek literature such as the Iliad. In myth, he is prince of Troy, son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba, and younger brother of Prince Hector. His elopement with Helen sparks the Trojan War, during which he 
fatally wounds Achilles.
U.S. Route 78 in South Carolina
U.S. Route 78 (US 78) is a 142.207-mile (228.860 km) U.S. highway that travels from Swifton, Arkansas to Charleston, South Carolina. In the U.S. state of South Carolina, it travels from the Savannah River at North Augusta to its eastern terminus in Charleston; connecting the cities of Aiken, Summerville, and North Charleston.

North Charleston, South Carolina
North Charleston is a city in Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, North Charleston had a population of 114,852, making it the third-most populous city in the state, and the 248th-most populous city in the United States. North Charleston is a principal city within the Charleston-North Charleston, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 849,417 in 2023.
Rosemarie Brancato
Rosemarie Brancato (October 2, 1910 – June 18, 1994) was an American coloratura soprano who had an active performance career in operas, operettas, and concerts on the American stage and on American radio from the mid-1930s into the 1950s. She created the role of Madame Boticini in the original Broadway production of Fritz Kreisler's Rhapsody in 1944.

Fritz Kreisler
Friedrich "Fritz" Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austrian-born American violinist and composer. One of the most noted violin masters of his day, he was known for his sweet tone and expressive phrasing, with marked portamento and rubato. Like many great violinists of his generation, he produced a characteristic sound which was immediately recognizable as his own. Although it derived in many respects from the Franco-Belgian school, his style is nonetheless reminiscent of the gemütlich (cozy) lifestyle of pre-war Vienna.
Boston and New York Air-Line Railroad
The Boston and New York Air-Line Railroad (commonly known simply as The Air Line, known as the New Haven, Middletown and Willimantic Railroad before 1875) was a railroad in Connecticut. Envisioned as a direct route between New Haven and Boston, it was hampered by difficult terrain in eastern Connecticut and did not find much success. The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad leased the company in 1882. The tracks between Portland, Connecticut and Willimantic, Connecticut were abandoned in 1965, while the remainder of the line is operated by the Providence and Worcester Railroad.

Portland, Connecticut
Portland (/ˈpɔːrtlənd/ PORT-lənd) is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 9,384 at the 2020 census. The town center is listed as a census-designated place (CDP). It is situated across the Connecticut River from Middletown.

Brownstone quarried in Portland was used in the construction of Hartford's Old State House in 1796. The vast majority of the brownstone buildings in Connecticut  (see College Row at Wesleyan University and the Long Walk at Trinity College) as well as the famous brownstones in New York City were built with brownstone from Portland's quarries. Later, one of the quarries was transformed into an adventure park in the summer months featuring zip lines, cliff diving and scuba locations.

About half of the town's perimeter is made up of the Connecticut River. The town has eight marinas and boat clubs as well as three 18-hole golf courses.
The Assassination of Saint Peter Martyr (Moretto)
The Assassination of Saint Peter Martyr or The Martyrdom of Saint Peter of Verona is a 1530–1535 oil on canvas painting by Moretto da Brescia, now in the Sala dell'Esedra in the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana in Milan.

The painting was influenced by Titian and Vincenzo Foppa, particularly Foppa's fresco of the same subject in the Portinari Chapel in Milan, whilst it was itself the model for Caravaggio's 1600 The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew.

Biblioteca Ambrosiana
The Biblioteca Ambrosiana is a historic library in Milan, Italy, also housing the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, the Ambrosian art gallery. Named after Ambrose, the patron saint of Milan, it was founded in 1609 by Cardinal Federico Borromeo, whose agents scoured Western Europe and even Greece and Syria for books and manuscripts. Some major acquisitions of complete libraries were the manuscripts of the Benedictine monastery of Bobbio (1606) and the library of the Paduan Vincenzo Pinelli, whose more than 800 manuscripts filled 70 cases when they were sent to Milan and included the famous Iliad, the Ilias Picta.
Yuta Tamamori
Yuta Tamamori (Japanese: 玉森 裕太, Hepburn: Tamamori Yūta; born March 17, 1990) is a Japanese singer and actor. He is a member of the boy band Kis-My-Ft2 under Starto Entertainment.

As an actor, he is known for his roles in television dramas such as Gokusen, He is Beautiful, Reverse, and La Grande Maison Tokyo, for which he won the Best Supporting Actor award at the Television Drama Academy Awards. He has also appeared in films including Parallel World Love Story and Shylock's Children.

In 2023, he provided the Japanese dubbing voice for Wade Ripple in Pixar's Elemental, marking his first major voice-acting role.

In addition to his entertainment career, he has been active in the fashion industry and has attended major fashion events in Europe.

Gokusen
Gokusen (ごくせん) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kozueko Morimoto. It was serialized in Shueisha's josei manga magazine You from 2000 to 2007, with its chapters collected in 15 wideban volumes. The story follows Kumiko Yamaguchi, the granddaughter of a yakuza boss and teacher at an all-male private high school.

The manga was adapted into a three-season television drama, with Yukie Nakama in the title role, which was broadcast on Nippon TV from 2002 to 2008, followed by a theatrical film, which premiered in 2009. A 13-episode anime television series adaptation by Madhouse was broadcast on Nippon TV in 2004. The anime series was licensed in North America by Media Blasters.
History of mass spectrometry
The history of mass spectrometry has its roots in physical and chemical studies regarding the nature of matter. The study of gas discharges in the mid 19th century led to the discovery of anode and cathode rays, which turned out to be positive ions and electrons. Improved capabilities in the separation of these positive ions enabled the discovery of stable isotopes of the elements. The first such discovery was with the element neon, which was shown by mass spectrometry to have at least two stable isotopes: 20Ne (neon with 10 protons and 10 neutrons) and 22Ne (neon with 10 protons and 12 neutrons). Mass spectrometers were used in the Manhattan Project for the separation of isotopes of uranium necessary to create the atomic bomb.

Cathode ray
Cathode rays are streams of electrons observed in discharge tubes. If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, glass behind the positive electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from the cathode (the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply). They were first observed in 1859 by German physicist Julius Plücker and Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, and were named in 1876 by Eugen Goldstein Kathodenstrahlen, or cathode rays. In 1897, British physicist J. J. Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle, which was later named the electron. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) use a focused beam of electrons deflected by electric or magnetic fields to render an image on a screen.
Charlie Sheringham
Charles Edward William Sheringham (born 17 April 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Southern Counties East League Premier Division club Snodland Town. He is the son of former England forward Teddy Sheringham.

Snodland Town F.C.
Snodland Town F.C. is an English football club based in Snodland, Kent. They play in the Southern Counties East League Premier Division, at level 9 of the English football league system. The club is affiliated to the Kent County Football Association.
Electoral district of Brown Hill-Ivanhoe
The Electoral district of Brown Hill-Ivanhoe (sometimes styled Brownhill-Ivanhoe) was a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. It covered part of the Goldfields city of Boulder, near Kalgoorlie, and neighbouring mining areas. It was created at the 1911 redistribution out of the former seats of Brown Hill and Ivanhoe, and was first contested at the 1911 election. It was abolished in the 1948 redistribution, with its area split between the neighbouring electorates of Boulder and Hannans, taking effect from the 1950 election. The seat was a very safe one for the Labor Party.

Electoral district of Hannans
Hannans was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1901 to 1956.

The district was located on the Eastern Goldfields and was based in the mining districts surrounding Kalgoorlie. It was one of several districts created for the 1901 election at the 1899 redistribution. Upon its creation, it took in the outskirts of Kalgoorlie and Boulder as well as the towns of Feysville and Boorara. While the mostly immigrant population had been in the area for some time, they only got the right to vote at the election due to changes in the electoral law which modified residency requirements.

The seat was at all times held by the Labor Party. It was abolished before the 1956 election in a redistribution, and its area was split between the Kalgoorlie and Boulder electorates.
Carton House
Carton House is a country house and surrounding demesne that was the ancestral seat of the Earls of Kildare and Dukes of Leinster for over 700 years. Located 23 km west of Dublin, in Maynooth, County Kildare, the Carton Demesne is a 1,100 acres estate, from an original estate of 70,000 acres. For two hundred years, the Carton Demesne was the finest example in Ireland of a Georgian-created parkland landscape. In the 2000s, much of the demesne was redeveloped into two golf courses and the house into a hotel complex.

Leinster House
Leinster House (Irish: Teach Laighean) is the seat of the Oireachtas, the parliament of Ireland. Originally, it was the ducal palace of the Dukes of Leinster.

Since 1922, it has been a complex of buildings which houses Oireachtas Éireann, its members and staff. The most recognisable part of the complex and the "public face" of Leinster House continues to be the former ducal palace at the core of the complex.
Padbury railway station
Padbury railway station served the village of Padbury in the English county of Buckinghamshire. It opened in 1878 as part of the Buckinghamshire Railway's branch line to Verney Junction which provided connections to Banbury, Bletchley and Oxford and closed in 1964.

Padbury
Padbury is a village and civil parish in north Buckinghamshire, England. It is located on the A413 main road that links Buckingham with Winslow.

Padbury is just under 50 miles (80 km) north of London and 9 miles (14 km) South West of central Milton Keynes.
Delinquent Parents
Delinquent Parents is a 1938 American crime film directed by Nick Grinde and written by Nicholas T. Barrows and Robert St. Claire. The film stars Doris Weston, Maurice Murphy, Helen MacKellar, Terry Walker, Richard Tucker and Charlotte Treadway. The film was released on July 15, 1938, by Progressive Pictures.

Maurice Murphy (actor)
Maurice Murphy (October 3, 1913 – November 23, 1978) was an American film actor. Initially a child actor, he graduated to playing older roles, often in action films. His brother Jack Murphy also became an actor.

Early film appearances included in Stella Dallas and as the young Beau Geste in the 1926 film. In 1934 he played the title role in the Universal Pictures serial Tailspin Tommy.
Andrija Drljo
Andrija Drljo (born 6 September 2002) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a winger.

Born and raised in Bosnia and Herzegovina, he started his professional career at Hungarian club MTK Budapest, who loaned him to Szentlőrinc. In 2022, Drljo joined Bosnian Premier League club Zrinjski Mostar. In 2023, he signed for Željezničar.

Szentlőrinci SE
Szentlőrinci Sportegyesület is a professional football club based in Szentlőrinc, Baranya county, Hungary. The team set to compete in the Nemzeti Bajnokság II from 2024–25, the second tier of Hungarian football after promotion from Nemzeti Bajnokság III in 2023–24.
Christian Homburg
Christian Homburg (born 1962 in Gomadingen, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany) is a German marketing researcher, director of the IMU – Institute for Market-oriented Management and chaired professor for Marketing at the University of Mannheim. His special subjects are market-oriented management, customer relationship management and sales management. Furthermore, from 2006 until the 2010, Homburg was the exclusive managing director of the Mannheim Business School. In addition to his academic position, he is chairman of the scientific advisory committee of Homburg & Partner, an international management consultancy firm.

Gomadingen
Gomadingen is a town in the district of Reutlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. About 85% of its territory is located on the Swabian Alps. It's the district where the Grafeneck Castle  is situated. During the II World War, the castle was home of the Grafeneck Euthanasia Centre  (German: NS-Tötungsanstalt Grafeneck), one of the main Nazi Germany's killing centres part of their Action T4 programme.
Chennai City Gangsters
Chennai City Gangsters is a 2025 Indian Tamil-language comedy heist film written by Vikram Rajeshwar and directed along with Arun Keshav and produced by Bobby Balachandran under his BTG Universal banner. The film stars Vaibhav, Athulya Ravi and Manikandan Rajesh in the lead roles, alongside an ensemble cast including Anandaraj, Livingston, Rajendran, John Vijay, Redin Kingsley, and Ilavarasu in supporting roles. The film has music scored by D. Imman, cinematography handled by Tijo Tomy, and editing by Suresh A Prasad.

Chennai City Gangsters released in theatres on 20 June 2025.

Athulya Ravi
Athulya Ravi (born 21 December 1992) is an Indian actress who has predominantly works in Tamil &  Telugu films. She made her debut with the film Kadhal Kan Kattudhe in 2017 and went on to appear in films including Yemaali (2018) and Naadodigal 2 (2019).
Kepong Sentral station
The Kepong Sentral KTM station is a railway station located in Kepong, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is served by KTM ETS's Gold Service on the KL Sentral-Ipoh route, and KTM Komuter's Tanjung Malim–Port Klang Line. Situated just beside this station is the Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 (MRR2).

Kuala Lumpur Sentral station
Kuala Lumpur Sentral Station (KL Sentral) is a transit-oriented development that houses the main railway station of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. Opened on 16 April 2001, KL Sentral replaced the old Kuala Lumpur railway station as the city's main inter-city railway station. KL Sentral is the largest railway station in Malaysia, and also in Southeast Asia from 2001 to 2021, before Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in Bangkok, Thailand was completed.

KL Sentral is designed as an intermodal transport hub. All of the Klang Valley's urban rail lines serve KL Sentral except the Ampang Line, Sri Petaling Line, Shah Alam Line and Putrajaya Line. Passengers can catch intercity trains serving many locations across Peninsular Malaysia to places such as Johor Bahru, Ipoh, and Butterworth, as well as special monthly excursion trains towards Thailand. It was also designed to be a new business and financial hub for Kuala Lumpur.
Conceptual semantics
Conceptual semantics is a framework for semantic analysis developed mainly by Ray Jackendoff in 1976. Its aim is to provide a characterization of the conceptual elements by which a person understands words and sentences, and thus to provide an explanatory semantic representation (title of a Jackendoff 1976 paper).  Explanatory in this sense refers to the ability of a given linguistic theory to describe how a component of language is acquired by a child (as proposed by Noam Chomsky; see Levels of adequacy).

Recently, conceptual semantics in particular, and lexical semantics in general, have taken on increasing importance in linguistics and psycholinguistics.  Many contemporary theories of syntax (how sentences are constructed from individual words) rely on elements that are idiosyncratic to words themselves.  As a result, a sound theory accounting for the properties of  the meanings of words is required.

Levels of adequacy
In his work Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965), Noam Chomsky introduces a  hierarchy of levels of adequacy for evaluating grammars (theories of specific languages) and metagrammars (theories of grammars).

These levels constitute a taxonomy of theories (a grammar of a natural language being an example of such a theory) according to validation.  This taxonomy might be extended to scientific theories in general, and from there even stretched into the field of the aesthetics of art.  This present article's use of the phrase as a terminus technicus should not be confused with its everyday language uses.
Doug Macdonald
Doug Macdonald (1941–2022) was a Scottish aviator of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. He was a Royal Navy Observer, and became an Air Warfare Instructor, serving in the 1960's on exchange assignment with the U.S. Navy at Miramar airbase in a programme which prefaced Topgun.

United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program
The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is a United States Navy training program that teaches air combat maneuvering tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors.

The program began as the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School, established on 3 March 1969, at the former Naval Air Station Miramar in San Diego, California. In 1996, the school was merged into the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center at Naval Air Station Fallon, Nevada.
Scooter Vaughan
Charles "Scooter" Vaughan (born April 8, 1989) is an American former professional ice hockey winger who played for the Bridgeport Sound Tigers and the Chicago Wolves in the American Hockey League (AHL). Originally a defenceman, Vaughan switched to a forward position in his junior year at the University of Michigan.

Bridgeport Islanders
The Bridgeport Islanders (formerly the Bridgeport Sound Tigers) are a professional ice hockey team based in Bridgeport, Connecticut. They are the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the National Hockey League's New York Islanders, who own the franchise. The team started in 2001–02 season and was purchased by the Islanders in 2004. The team plays their home games at the Total Mortgage Arena.
Mallavora
Mallavora is an English alternative metal band based in Bristol. Formed in 2019, the band is composed of lead vocalist Jessica Douek, guitarist Larry Sobieraj, bassist Ellis James, and drummer Sam Brownlow. Since their inception, they have released three EPs, Paradise (2020), Origins (2023), and Echoes (2024) and have performed at festivals including 2000trees and Download Festival. They have been noted for their advocacy of social causes, in particular disability access at concert venues.

2000trees
2000trees is an independent rock music festival held over three days at Upcote Farm, Withington, near Cheltenham in Gloucestershire, with a focus on upcoming and underground acts. It won the Grass Roots Festival Award at the UK Festival Awards 2010, 2013 and 2017 and the Best Medium-Sized UK Festival in 2018.