hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Capture of Giurgiu (1771)
The capture of Giurgiu was a military siege undertaken by the Ottomans between 27 and 29 May 1771 against the city of Giurgiu, occupied by the Russians since February. The siege was part of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), and resulted in an Ottoman victory.

Giurgiu
Giurgiu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdʒjurdʒju] ⓘ; Bulgarian: Гюргево, romanized: Gyurgevo; Turkish: Yergöğü) is a city in southern Romania. The seat of Giurgiu County, it lies in the historical region of Muntenia. It is situated amongst mud-flats and marshes on the left bank of the Danube facing the Bulgarian city of Ruse on the opposite bank. It is one of six Romanian county seats lying on the river Danube. Three small islands face the city, and a larger one shelters its port, Smarda. The rich grain-growing land to the north is traversed by a railway to Bucharest, the first line opened in Romania, which was built in 1869 and afterwards extended to Smarda. In the past, Giurgiu exported timber, grain, salt and petroleum, and imported coal, iron, and textiles.

The Giurgiu-Ruse Friendship Bridge, in the shared Bulgarian-Romanian section of the Danube, crosses the river in the outskirts of the city.
Danmarks Næste Topmodel season 1
Danmarks Næste Topmodel, cycle 1 was the first Danish adaptation of Tyra Banks' America's Next Top Model, hosted by Caroline Fleming with thirteen contestants.

Prizes included a modelling contract with Unique Models, a trip to Paris along with a test shoot for Ford Models, a cover appearance and 10-page spread in Elle Magazine Denmark, and the chance to become the face of L'Oreal Paris.

The winner of the competition was Caroline Bader from Nærum. At 15 years old, Bader was the youngest winner of the Top Model franchise at the time of her victory, and retained that status until the following year, when Laura Giurcanu won the second cycle of the Romanian adaptation at the age of 14.

Caroline Fleming
Caroline Elisabeth Ada Fleming (born 9 September 1975), styled as Baroness Caroline Elizabeth Ada Iuel-Brockdorff until 2001, is a Danish socialite and media personality, who has owned Valdemar's Castle until 2014. She is known as the host of the Kanal 4 reality television series Danmarks Næste Topmodel (2010–2014) and as a main cast member on the Bravo reality television series Ladies of London (2015–2017).
National Botanical Garden of Bangladesh
The National Botanic Garden of Bangladesh and the Bangladesh National Herbarium make up the largest plant conservation center in Bangladesh, with an area of around 84 hectares (210 acres). It is located at Mirpur-2 in Dhaka - 1216, beside the Bangladesh National Zoo. It was established in 1961. It is a botanic garden, a knowledge center for nature lovers and botanists and a tourist destination. The herbarium has a scientific collection of approximately 100,000 preserved specimens of plants.

Baldha Garden which is in the Wari area of Dhaka is administratively part of the National Garden.

Bangladesh National Zoo
Bangladesh National Zoo, (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় চিড়িয়াখানা) is a zoo located in the Mirpur section of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The zoo contains many native and non-native animals and wildlife, and attracts about three million visitors each year. On 5 February 2015, the name was changed from Dhaka Zoo to Bangladesh National Zoo.

Established in 1974, the 186-acre (75 ha) Bangladesh National Zoo is the largest zoo in Bangladesh, and is operated by the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock. The zoo attracts around 10,000 visitors every day with the number increasing during the weekends and holidays. The zoo is also known for its poor conditions for animals and the corruption of its officials.

The yearly budget of Bangladesh National Zoo is Tk 37.5 million, out of which Tk 25 million is spent on feeding the animals.
IOS 16
iOS 16 is the sixteenth major release of Apple's iOS mobile operating system for the iPhone. It is the successor of iOS 15, and was announced at the company's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 6, 2022, alongside iPadOS 16, and released on September 12, 2022. It was succeeded by iOS 17 on September 18, 2023.

It is the first iOS release since iPhone OS 1 to be exclusive to iPhones, as it drops support for the seventh-generation iPod Touch. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, iPhone 6s and 6s Plus, and first-generation iPhone SE would also be dropped. It is also the final iOS release to support the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus and iPhone X, as iOS 17 dropped support for these iPhones in 2023.

IOS version history
iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. and was first released in June 2007 alongside the first generation iPhone. iPhone OS was renamed iOS following the release of the iPad starting with iOS 4. With iOS 13, Apple began offering a separate operating system, iPadOS, for the iPad. iOS is also the foundation of watchOS and tvOS, and shares some of its code with macOS. New iOS versions are released yearly, alongside new iPhone models. From the launch of the iPhone in 2007 until the launch of iPhone 4 in 2010, this occurred in June or July; since then, new major versions are usually released in September, with the exception of iOS 5, which released in October 2011. Since the launch of the iPhone in June 2007, there have been nineteen major versions of iOS, with the current major version being iOS 26 which was released on September 15, 2025.
Duet (The Flash)
"Duet" is the seventeenth episode of the third season of The CW television series The Flash, which aired on March 21, 2017. It was written by Aaron Helbing and Todd Helbing from a story by Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg, and was directed by Dermott Daniel Downs. The episode features a musical crossover with Supergirl and reunites Grant Gustin and Melissa Benoist with their former Glee co-star Darren Criss, who portrays the Music Meister. Jesse L. Martin also reunites with Jeremy Jordan, with whom he previously worked in the 2012 musical film Joyful Noise.

The story begins at the end of the Supergirl episode "Star-Crossed", which aired on March 20, 2017. The episode sees Kara Danvers / Supergirl (Benoist) being hypnotized into a coma by the Music Meister, with Mon-El (Chris Wood) and J'onn J'onzz / Martian Manhunter (David Harewood) bringing her to Earth-1 in hope that Team Flash can save her.

David Harewood
David Michael Harewood OBE (born 8 December 1965) is an English actor and presenter who has served as president of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art since February 2024. He is known for his television roles as David Estes in Homeland (2011–2012), J'onn J'onzz / Martian Manhunter and Hank Henshaw / Cyborg Superman in Supergirl (2015–2021). He has also appeared in films such as Blood Diamond, The Merchant of Venice, and Strings, whilst his video game roles include Usef Omar in Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare (2016) and Warlin Door in Alan Wake II (2023).
The Giles School
The Giles School is a private French immersion school located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  The school (formerly called The Markham School for Human Development) was founded in 1989 by Harry Giles, CM, QC - a pioneer in bilingual French immersion in Canada and the founder of the Toronto French School.

The Giles School offers classes for students from Pre-Kindergarten (daycare, age 2) to Grade 8.  It is independent, non-profit, non-denominational, non-gender, and co-educational.

Toronto French School
Toronto French School (TFS), founded in 1962, is an independent, bilingual, co-educational, non-denominational school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Charles III, as King of Canada, is the royal patron of the school. The school rebranded in 2011 to become TFS – Canada's International School.

At TFS, students complete the International Baccalaureate (IB) program, including the Primary Years (PYP), Middle Years (MYP) and Diploma Programs (DP), in addition to the National Curriculum of France and the Ontario Ministry of Education curriculum. It is compulsory for students to study under the International Baccalaureate program in their final two years. Prior to this, students between the ages of 2 and 15 go through a broad bilingual program covering the arts, languages, natural and social sciences as well as mathematics. The school offers numerous side programs that focus on aiding students in expanding to an international level, including an optional SAT preparation course.
William R. Munroe
William Robert Munroe (April 8, 1886 – March 1, 1966) was a decorated officer in the United States Navy with the rank of Vice Admiral. He trained as submarine commander and at the beginning of World War II, he served as Commander, Battleship Division 3 during Neutrality Patrol in the Atlantic ocean.

He later served as Commander, Gulf Sea Frontier and Seventh Naval District, tasked with the protection of both coasts of Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, the Yucatan Channel, and most of Cuba against threat of german U-boats. In later 1944, Munroe was promoted to command of United States Fourth Fleet patrolling South Atlantic until the end of War.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Turkish Women at the Bath
Turkish Women at the Bath is an album by drummer Pete La Roca which features saxophonist John Gilmore and pianist Chick Corea. It was recorded in 1967 and was originally released on the Douglas label.

The album was rereleased in 1973 on Muse Records under Corea's name as Bliss!, but was withdrawn after legal action by La Roca.

Chick Corea
Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea (June 12, 1941 – February 9, 2021) was an American jazz pianist, composer, bandleader, and occasional percussionist. His compositions "Spain", "500 Miles High", "La Fiesta", "Armando's Rhumba", and "Windows" are considered jazz standards.

As a member of the Miles Davis band in the late 1960s, Corea participated in the birth of jazz fusion. In the 1970s he formed Return to Forever. Along with McCoy Tyner, Herbie Hancock and Keith Jarrett, Corea is considered one of the foremost pianists of the post-John Coltrane era.

Corea continued to collaborate frequently while exploring different musical styles throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He won 29 Grammy Awards and has been nominated for the award 79 times.
American Electric (1899 automobile)
The American Electric was an American automobile manufactured in Chicago from 1899 to 1902 and Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1902. The company was incorporated by Clinton Edgar Woods in 1895 as American Electric Vehicle Co. Chicago, and merged with Indiana Bicycle Co. to become Waverly in 1898 and later Pope-Waverley.

The company built a wide range of electric carriages - some bodied as high, ungainly-looking dos-a-dos four-seaters - these were claimed to be capable of running from 35 miles (56 km) to 50 miles (80 km).  Perhaps optimistically, the manufacturer claimed that "very few private carriages would ever be subjected to such a test". The company moved to New Jersey in 1902, according to a company statement, “to find more wealthy customers,” but they shut down operations within the year.

Pope-Waverley
Pope-Waverley was one of the marques of the Pope Motor Car Company founded by Albert Augustus Pope and was a manufacturer of Brass Era electric automobiles in Indianapolis, Indiana. From 1908 until production ceased in 1914 they became independent again as the Waverley Company.
Rhys Breen
Rhys Breen (born 6 January 2000) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a defender for Scottish League Two side Annan Athletic on loan from Dunfermline Athletic. Breen began his career with Rangers, and has also had loan spells with Partick Thistle, Queen of the South and Orange County SC. Breen joined Dunfermline Athletic in July 2021.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
Sanchipat
Sanchipat (Assamese: সাঁচিপাত, sāncipāt/sān̐cipāta, lit. 'sanchi leaves'; pronounced "bancipat") or sanchi manuscripts (Assamese: sanchi puthi) are Assamese-culture manuscripts made from the bark of the sānci aloe tree, Aquilaria malaccensis. Strips or 'leaves' of bark (agarutvak) are centrally perforated and strung together, similar to a palm-leaf manuscript. Sanchipat are used prominently in traditional Assamese literature, Hindu texts, and Assamese manuscript painting. The manuscripts' material construction is pest-resistant and resistant to decomposition.

Aquilaria malaccensis
Aquilaria malaccensis (Hindi: अगर, agaru; Assamese: সাঁচিগছ, sānci; Arabic: عود هندي, transl. Indian oud) or agar is a species of lign-aloe tree in the family Thymelaeaceae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, also Thailand. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The World List of Threatened Trees (Oldfield et al., 1998) listed Iran as one of the countries with a population of A. malaccensis. The exploratory 2002 CITES review confirmed that Iran has no record of the species. As a result, Iran is no longer considered as habitat for or producer of agarwood.
Loschbour man
49°45′46″N 6°16′44″E﻿ / ﻿49.762696°N 6.278976°E﻿ / 49.762696; 6.278976

The Loschbour man (also Loschbur man) is a specimen of Homo sapiens from the European Mesolithic discovered in 1935 in Mullerthal, in the commune of Waldbillig, Luxembourg.

Mullerthal, Luxembourg
Mullerthal (Luxembourgish: Mëllerdall; German: Müllertal [ˈmʏlɐtaːl]) is a village in the commune of Waldbillig, in eastern Luxembourg.  As of 2025, the village had a population of 56. It lends its name to the alternative name of a region of eastern Luxembourg, otherwise known as Little Switzerland.
Japanese submarine Yu 1
Yu 1 was an Imperial Japanese Army transport submarine, the lead vessel of the Yu 1 subclass of the Yu I type. Constructed for use during World War II and entering service in the last days of 1943, she participated in the Philippines campaign of 1944–1945, supplying Japanese forces in the Battle of Leyte, and was sunk at the beginning of 1945.

Battle of Leyte
The Battle of Leyte in the Pacific campaign of World War II was the amphibious invasion of the island of Leyte in the Philippines by American forces and Filipino guerrillas under the overall command of General Douglas MacArthur. The combined forces fought against the Imperial Japanese Army in the Philippines led by General Tomoyuki Yamashita. The operation, codenamed King Two, launched the Philippines campaign of 1944–45 for the recapture and liberation of the entire Philippine Archipelago and to end almost three years of Japanese occupation.
Femoral hernia
Femoral hernias are hernias which occur just below the inguinal ligament, when abdominal contents pass through a naturally occurring weakness in the abdominal wall called the femoral canal. Femoral hernias are a relatively uncommon type, accounting for only 3% of all hernias. While femoral hernias can occur in both males and females, almost all develop in women due to the increased width of the female pelvis. Femoral hernias are more common in adults than in children. Those that do occur in children are more likely to be associated with a connective tissue disorder or with conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure. Seventy percent of pediatric cases of femoral hernias occur in infants under the age of one.

Inguinal ligament
The inguinal ligament (/ˈɪŋɡwɪnəl/), also known as Poupart's ligament or groin ligament, is a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. It forms the base of the inguinal canal through which an indirect inguinal hernia may develop. Additionally, the term "pubic ligament" is colloquially used to refer to the inguinal ligament.
Raging Wolf Bobs
Raging Wolf Bobs was a wooden roller coaster located at Geauga Lake amusement park in Ohio. Designed by Curtis D. Summers to resemble Bobs, a popular roller coaster at the defunct Riverview Park in Chicago, Raging Wolf Bobs was constructed by the Dinn Corporation and opened to the public in 1988. It operated until June 16, 2007, following an accident involving the derailing of a train that unexpectedly rolled backward on one of the track's hills. After remaining closed for the rest of that season, park owners Cedar Fair announced the permanent closure of Geauga Lake, sealing the fate of Raging Wolf Bobs.

Curtis D. Summers
Curtis D. Summers (September 17, 1929 – May 11, 1992) was an American engineer and roller coaster designer credited for designing or providing structural engineering on 25 wooden roller coasters around the world. He earned a degree in Architectural Engineering from Kansas State University and was a registered engineer in 40 states.
Merton, Victoria
Merton is a locality on the Maroondah Highway in north-east Victoria, west of Bonnie Doon, Australia. At the 2021 census, Merton had a population of 216.

Merton Post Office opened on 1 July 1858.

The railway to Mansfield arrived in the locality from Tallarook in 1890, and closed on 18 November 1978. The last passenger service was on 28 May 1977.

Merton has a picnic horse racing club, the Merton Amateur Turf Club (established in 1865), which holds its one race meeting a year with the Merton Cup on New Year's Day.

Merton Memorial Hall was opened on 20 June 1923, under the official title of Merton Mechanics' Institute. Its name was changed to the current one in 1944.

Bonnie Doon, Victoria
Bonnie Doon is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Maroondah Highway, in the Shire of Mansfield. Bonnie Doon is 168 kilometres north-east of Melbourne via the Melba Highway. At the 2021 census, Bonnie Doon had a population of 666.
Saiyan (film)
Saiyan (transl. "Beloved") is a 1951 Bollywood film-Hindi romantic drama directed by M. Sadiq for his Sadiq Productions Ltd.

The story and screenplay were written by Azmi Bazidpuri. The music was composed by Sajjad Hussain, with lyrics written by D. N. Madhok, Rajendra Krishan and Hasrat Jaipuri. The film stars Madhubala, Ajit, Sajjan, and Jayant.

It was both a critical and commercial success.

Sajjad Hussain (composer)
Sajjad Hussain (15 June 1917 – 21 July 1995) was an Indian film score composer. He was also an accomplished mandolinist,  playing the mandolin as a "Top Grade" player for the Indian film industry in Mumbai for more than five decades, reputed to have played more than 22,000 songs, including title-songs and background music. Besides the music for movies, he was known to play Indian classical music (Hindustani), as well as Arabic music and Sufi music.
Aparan (film)
Aparan (transl. Imposter) is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language mystery psychological thriller film
written and directed by P. Padmarajan, based on his short story of the same name. It stars Jayaram, Mukesh, Shobana, Parvathy Jayaram and Madhu. The film explores mistaken identity and the problems that a young, innocent man has to endure in life. The film was the debut of Jayaram and was a critical as well as commercial success. It was remade in Tamil as Manidhan Marivittan (1989). The film is considered as a cult classic in Malayalam cinema.

Mukesh (actor)
Mukesh Madhavan (born Mukesh Babu; 5 March 1957), known mononymously as Mukesh, is an Indian actor, film producer, television presenter, and politician who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema besides also having sporadically appeared in Tamil-language films. In a film career spanning four decades, he has acted in over 275 Malayalam films.

He made his onscreen debut in the 1982 film Balloon in the leading role. His 1996 film Kaanaakkinaavu premiered at the IFFI and won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. He co-produced Kadha Parayumbol (2007), which won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value. He also produced the 2012 film Thattathin Marayathu, which is considered one of the defining films of the Malayalam New Wave.

He was the chairman of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy. Mukesh is the current MLA representing the Kollam constituency of Kerala state.
W. J. Sparrow Simpson
William John Sparrow Simpson (20 June 1859 – 13 February 1952) was an English Anglican priest and writer. He wrote the libretto for John Stainer's oratorio The Crucifixion (1887), several hymns, and more than fifty books. He was chaplain of Ilford Hospital Chapel from 1904 until his death.

John Stainer
Sir John Stainer (6 June 1840 – 31 March 1901) was an English composer and organist whose music, though seldom performed today (with the exception of The Crucifixion, still heard at Passiontide in some Anglican churches), was very popular during his lifetime. His work as choir trainer and organist set standards for Anglican church music that are still influential. He was also active as an academic, becoming Heather Professor of Music at Oxford.

Stainer was born in Southwark, London, in 1840, the son of a schoolmaster. He became a chorister at St Paul's Cathedral when aged ten and was appointed to the position of organist at St Michael's College, Tenbury, at the age of sixteen. He later became organist at Magdalen College, Oxford, and subsequently organist at St Paul's Cathedral. When he retired owing to his poor eyesight and deteriorating health, he returned to Oxford to become Professor of Music at the university. He died unexpectedly while on holiday in Italy in 1901.
For a Few Troubles More
"For a Few Troubles More" is a British comic story. It was originally published in the adult-orientated anthology comic Crisis between 17 March and 9 June 1990. It was written by Garth Ennis and drawn by John McCrea as a sequel to their earlier story "Troubled Souls". The story is set during the then-ongoing Troubles in Northern Ireland, focusing on the antics of smart-mouthed Dougie Patterson and half-witted Ivor Thompson, both introduced as supporting characters in "Troubled Souls". Ennis would later revisit the characters once more in his creator-owned Dicks series for Caliber Comics and Avatar Press.

Garth Ennis
Garth Ennis (born 16 January 1970) is a Northern Irish-American  comics writer, best known for his acclaimed run on the Vertigo series Hellblazer, his own Vertigo creation Preacher with artist Steve Dillon, his nine-year run on Marvel Comics' Punisher franchise, and The Boys with artist Darick Robertson. He has collaborated with artists such as Dillon and Glenn Fabry on Preacher, John McCrea on Hitman, Marc Silvestri on The Darkness, and Carlos Ezquerra on both Preacher and Hitman. His work has won him recognition in the comics industry, including nominations for the Comics Buyer's Guide Award for Favorite Writer in 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Like his inspiration, Alan Moore, he is a promoter of left-liberal ideas, for which he has received numerous awards and recognition from specialised British and American publications and organisations, such as the UK Comic Art Award  and the Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Awards.