hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Seidlitz powders
Seidlitz powders is the generic name under which a commonly known laxative and digestion regulator was marketed and sold by numerous manufacturers under names such as "Rexall Seidlitz Powders", particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The three ingredients of Seidlitz powders (tartaric acid, potassium sodium tartrate and sodium bicarbonate) were manufactured by chemical factories from the mid-19th century onwards. The name 'Seidlitz powders' ultimately derives from the village of Sedlec in the Czech Republic. See also § Etymology below.

The municipality of Sedlec (somewhat confusingly) is also the source of 'Sedlitz bitter water'  (see also § Sedlitz water below), a naturally occurring spa mineral water which has an entirely different chemical composition and side-effects from Seidlitz powders: there is apparently no connection between the two products except the name.

Laxative
Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation.

Laxatives vary as to how they work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations, and may be supplemented by enemas under certain circumstances. Sufficiently high doses of laxatives may cause diarrhea. Some laxatives combine more than one active ingredient, and may be administered orally or rectally.
Jorge Bátiz
Jorge Bátiz (2 December 1933 – 19 November 2025) was an Argentinian cyclist, who competed primarily in track cycling but also occasionally on the road. Professional from 1958 to 1965, he won the Six Days of Buenos Aires five times.

Bátiz died on 19 November 2025, at the age of 91.

Six Days of Buenos Aires
The Six Days of Buenos Aires was a former six-day cycling event, held in Luna Park stadium, Buenos Aires, Argentina. As many as 27 editions took place from 1936 until 2000, though there were at times single years or even long gaps (such as 1950-55 and 1965-82) when the event was not raced.
Nebula Winners Fifteen
Nebula Winners Fifteen is an anthology of award-winning science fiction short works edited by Frank Herbert. It was first published in hardcover by Harper & Row in April 1981. The first British edition was published in hardcover by W. H. Allen in April 1982. Paperback editions followed from Star in the U.K. in January 1983 and Bantam Books in the U.S. in March 1983.

Frank Herbert
Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr. (October 8, 1920 – February 11, 1986) was an American science-fiction author, best known for his 1965 novel Dune and five sequels to it. He also wrote short stories and worked as a newspaper journalist, photographer, book reviewer, ecological consultant, and lecturer.

Dune is the best-selling science fiction novel of all time, and the series is a classic of the science-fiction genre. The series has been adapted numerous times, including the feature film David Lynch's Dune (1984), the miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune (2000) and Children of Dune (2003), and a motion picture trilogy currently in production, with Denis Villeneuve's Dune (2021) and Dune: Part Two (2024) having been released.
Milica Mijatović
Milica Mijatović (Serbian Cyrillic: Милица Мијатовић, born 26 June 1991) is a Serbian professional women's football striker  who plays in the Turkish Super League for Ankara BB Fomget and the Serbia women's national team. She previously played for Red Star Belgrade in the Serbian 1st League, SFK Sarajevo in the Bosnian Zenska Liga, and Melbourne City in the Australian W-League. In August 2012 she made her debut in the Champions League with BIIK Kazygurt.

Melbourne City FC (women)
Melbourne City Women's Football Club, also known as the Melbourne City Women or simply as City, represents Melbourne City in the A-League Women, the top division soccer league in Australia. Founded in 2015, the club has its training and administration based at the City Football Academy in Melbourne and plays matches at Casey Fields in Casey and at AAMI Park in Melbourne. The current manager of the team is Michael Matricciani.
LaPerm
The LaPerm is a breed of cat. A LaPerm's fur is curly (hence the name "perm"), with the tightest curls being on the throat and on the base of the ears. LaPerms come in many colors and patterns. LaPerms generally have a very affectionate personality.

Ocicat
The Ocicat is an all-domestic breed of cat which resembles a wild cat but has no recent wild DNA in its gene pool. It is named for its resemblance to the ocelot. The breed was established from the Siamese and Abyssinian and later on American Shorthair would be added.
America – South Africa
America – South Africa is a 1991 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago and the Amabutho Male Chorus released on the Japanese DIW label in association with Columbia Records. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell, Malachi Favors Maghostut and Don Moye with vocals by Elliot Ngubane, Kay Ngwazene, Welcome "Max" Bhe Bhe, Zacheuus Nyoni and Joe Leguabe.

Lester Bowie
Lester Bowie (October 11, 1941 – November 8, 1999) was an American jazz trumpet player and composer. He was a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians and co-founded the Art Ensemble of Chicago.
Space Guitar
"Space Guitar" is an instrumental composed and recorded by American rhythm and blues artist Johnny "Guitar" Watson. Released as a single in 1954, it was Watson's first recording to showcase his guitar playing. The backing arrangement for the piece is fairly typical for R&B and jump blues at the time. However, Watson's groundbreaking performance on the electric guitar sets it apart.

Billboard magazine rated "Space Guitar" with a score of "77". The single did not appear in the magazine's charts. More current assessments describe the instrumental as being well ahead of its time with Watson's over-the-top guitar playing  and the heavy use of audio effects. Guitarists, such as Bo Diddley, Ike Turner, Frank Zappa, Jimmy Page, and Jimi Hendrix have been identified as being influenced by Watson's novel approach. "Space Guitar" is included on several Watson and various artists compilations.

Bo Diddley
Ellas Bates McDaniel (December 30, 1928 – June 2, 2008), known professionally as Bo Diddley, was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter who played a key role in the transition from the blues to rock and roll. He influenced many artists, including Buddy Holly, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Animals, George Thorogood, Syd Barrett, Tom Petty, and the Clash.

His use of African rhythms and a signature beat, a simple five-accent hambone rhythm, is a cornerstone of hip hop, rock, and pop music. In recognition of his achievements, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, the Blues Hall of Fame in 2003, and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2017. He received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Diddley is also recognized for his technical innovations, including his use of tremolo and reverb effects to enhance the sound of his distinctive rectangular guitars.
Mortal Shell
Mortal Shell is an action role-playing video game developed by Cold Symmetry and published by Playstack. The game was released on 18 August 2020, for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows. A remastered version titled Mortal Shell: Enhanced Edition was released on 4 March 2021 for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S, and on 18 November 2021 for Amazon Luna. A port for Nintendo Switch with all the DLC included titled Complete Edition was released on 19 December 2022. It received positive to mixed reviews from critics and has sold one million units as of September 2023. A sequel, Mortal Shell II, is currently in development and set to release in 2026.

Amazon Luna
Amazon Luna is a cloud gaming platform developed and operated by Amazon. The platform has integration with Twitch and is available on Windows, macOS, ChromeOS, Amazon Fire TV, iOS and iPadOS (as a progressive web app) as well as Android. Games and channels from brands such as Ubisoft+ and Jackbox Games are accessed via the Luna+ paid subscription.

Luna uses the Windows Server operating system and Nvidia Tesla T4 graphics cards from Amazon Web Services for streaming games, and is available in the United States, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom, Sweden, Portugal, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Luna's competitors include other cloud gaming platforms like Xbox Cloud Gaming, PlayStation Plus cloud streaming, and GeForce Now.
Quantian
Quantian OS was a remastering of Knoppix/Debian for computational sciences. The environment was self-configuring and directly bootable CD/DVD that turns any PC or laptop (provided it can boot from cdrom/DVD) into a Linux workstation. Quantian also incorporated clusterKnoppix and added support for openMosix, including remote booting of light clients in an openMosix terminal server context permitting rapid setup of a SMP cluster computer.

Knoppix
Knoppix, stylized KNOPPIX (/ˈknɒpɪks/ KNOP-iks), is an operating system based on Debian designed to be run directly from a CD or DVD (Live CD) or a USB flash drive (Live USB). It was first released in 2000 by German Linux consultant Klaus Knopper, and was one of the first popular live distributions. Knoppix is loaded from the removable medium and decompressed into a RAM drive. The decompression is transparent and on-the-fly.

There are two main editions, available in both English and German: the traditional compact-disc (700 megabytes) edition and the DVD (4.7 gigabytes) "Maxi" edition.

Knoppix mostly consists of free and open source software, but also includes some proprietary software, as long as it fulfills certain conditions. Knoppix can be used to copy files easily from hard drives with inaccessible operating systems. To quickly and more safely use Linux software, the Live CD can be used instead of installing another OS.
Lorenzo del Moro
Lorenzo del Moro (1677-1735) was an Italian painter of the Rococo period, active mainly in his native Florence, and painting mainly quadratura.

He trained and later often worked with his cousin, Rinaldo Botti. He worked in the Church of San Domenico in Fiesole with Matteo Bonechi. He helped decorate the Sanctuary of Santa Verdiana in Castelfiorentino with the collaboration of Alessandro Gherardini. With Tommaso Redi, he helped decorate the Palazzo Altoviti and the Church of Santa Margherita de' Ricci. He also worked on the Monastery of Santa Maria Rosano. He worked in Pescia and Pistoia. After 1716, he embarked in a series of collaborations with Pietro Anderlini.

Alessandro Gherardini
Alessandro Gherardini (16 November 1655 – 1726) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Florence.

He was the pupil of the painter Alessandro Rosi. In Florence, he painted a Crucifixion for the Monastery of the Augustines adjacent to Santa Maria dei Candeli; and frescoes from the Life of St. Anthony for the Convent of San Marco. He painted frescoes on the Life of Alexander the Great for Casa Orlandini. He is described as a competitor for commissions in Florence with Anton Domenico Gabbiani. Among Gherardini's pupils was Sebastiano Galeotti, who later moved to Genoa.
National Railway
The National Railway or National Air Line Railroad was a planned air-line railroad between New York City and Washington, D.C. in the United States around 1870. Part of it was eventually built from New York City to Philadelphia by the Delaware and Bound Brook Railroad and the Delaware River Branch of the North Pennsylvania Railroad, leased by the Philadelphia and Reading Railway, in 1879, and becoming its New York Branch. The line was intended to provide an alternate to the various monopolies that existed along the route, specifically the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Companies and their Camden and Amboy Railroad, and as such had a long struggle to be built.

Central Railroad of New Jersey
The Central Railroad of New Jersey, also known as the Jersey Central, Jersey Central Lines or New Jersey Central (reporting mark CNJ), was a Class I railroad with origins in the 1830s. It was absorbed into Conrail in April 1976 along with several other prominent bankrupt railroads of the Northeastern United States.

The CNJ's main line had a major presence in New Jersey. Most of the main line is now used by the Raritan Valley Line passenger service. CNJ main line trackage in Phillipsburg, New Jersey became part of the Lehigh Line under Conrail.
Robert Malouf
Robert Malouf (27 July 1931 – 16 November 2019) was a Canadian boxer. He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He lost to Leen Jansen of the Netherlands in the round of 16.

Leen Jansen
Leonardus ("Leen") Eustachius Jansen (3 August 1930 – 27 January 2014) was a boxer from the Netherlands, who competed for his native country at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. There he was stopped in the quarterfinals of the men's Middleweight (−75 kg) division by eventual winner Floyd Patterson of the United States.
Endiandra
Endiandra is a genus of about 126 species of plants, mainly trees, in the laurel family Lauraceae.  They are commonly called "walnut" despite not being related to the Northern Hemisphere walnuts (Juglans spp.) which are in the family Juglandaceae.

Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide. They are dicotyledons, and occur mainly in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America. Many are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but some, such as Sassafras, are deciduous, or include both deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs, especially in tropical and temperate climates. The genus Cassytha is unique in the Lauraceae in that its members are parasitic vines. Many species within the laurel family are highly toxic; however, some, such as the avocado (Persea americana), are edible and widely consumed. Members of the laurel family have played a significant role in the spice trade, particularly genera like Cinnamomum, which produce aromatic oils used extensively in cooking, perfumery, and traditional medicine.
Awakening from Abyss
Awakening from Abyss is the debut studio album by Japanese power metal band Lovebites. The album was released on October 25, 2017 in Japan by Victor Entertainment and in North America by Sliptrick Records, and in Europe two days later by JPU Records. It features a total of twelve songs, including re-recordings of those from their debut, The Lovebites EP. Awakening from Abyss reached number 18 on the Oricon chart and number 33 on Billboard Japan.

JPU Records
JPU Records is a British record label formed in 2012, which specializes in handling international releases by Japanese artists. Notable acts on JPU's roster include The Gazette, Band-Maid, Lovebites, and Nemophila.
Meir Tapiro
Meir Tapiro (Hebrew: מאיר טפירו; born March 28, 1975) is an Israeli former professional basketball player, and current CEO of Ironi Nes Ziona. Tapiro played at the point guard position. He was the 2002 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP. He was a five-time Israeli Premier League Assists Leader, in 1998, 2004, 2006, 2010, and 2014.

He is of a Moroccan Jewish descent.

Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP
The Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP, or Israeli Basketball Super League MVP, is an annual basketball award that is presented to the most valuable player in a given season of the Israeli Basketball Premier League, which is the top-tier level professional basketball league in Israel.
Bindal people
The Bindal (aka Bendalgubber) are the Aboriginal Australian people whose ancestors originally possessed, occupied, used and enjoyed approximately 2600 km2 of coastal country from the mouth of the Burdekin River north to Cape Cleveland, inland to Leichhardt Range, in the state of Queensland

Leichhardt Range
The Leichhardt Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, is a mountain range located in North Queensland, Australia.

The range runs parallel with the coast about 170 kilometres (106 mi) west of Mackay and has an average elevation of 355 metres (1,165 ft). It is composed of a series of rugged hills with folded granite and granodiorite. The age of the rocks vary from Ordovician (490 to 434 million years) to Late Carboniferous (325 to 298 million years). These are interspersed with areas of volcanic rhyolite of the Cambrian Period (545 to 490 million years) at the southern edge.

The range is named after the explorer Ludwig Leichhardt.
Apollo Has Fallen
Apollo Has Fallen is an upcoming action thriller television series, part of the Has Fallen franchise, and a sequel to Paris Has Fallen (2024). Returning cast members include Ritu Arya and Tewfik Jallab.

Ritu Arya
Ritu Arya is a British actress. She first became known for her role as Megan Sharma in the soap opera Doctors (2017), for which she was nominated for a British Soap Award. She gained further recognition for her roles as Flash in the sci-fi series Humans (2016–2018) and Lila Pitts in the Netflix series The Umbrella Academy (2020–2024). She also starred in the film Polite Society (2023) as Lena Khan.
John Farnham & Tom Jones – Together in Concert
John Farnham and Tom Jones – Together in Concert is an Australian tour featuring John Farnham and Tom Jones performing together for ten concerts throughout the capital cities of Perth, Sydney, Brisbane, and Melbourne. Jones sings his major hits, before Farnham performs his set including hits "One", "Pressure Down", "That's Freedom", "Heart's on Fire", "Playing to Win", "Everytime You Cry", "Man of the Hour", "Age of Reason" and "Burn for You". The pair then return to the stage together to perform four duets of soul classics: Sam and Dave's "Hold On I'm Coming", Otis Redding's "Try a Little Tenderness", Ray Charles's "What'd I Say", Arthur Conley's "Sweet Soul Music" and AC/DC's "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)".

On 31 May 2005, a CD album and DVD video were released from a show at the Rod Laver Arena at Melbourne Park. The DVD release debuted at number 1 on the Australian charts, with the album reaching number 3, and being awarded as 3× platinum.

Burn for You (John Farnham song)
"Burn for You" is a song by Australian pop rock singer John Farnham. It was released in November 1990 as the third single from his 14th studio album, Chain Reaction. The song peaked at number five on the Australian Singles Chart. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1991, it won the Song of the Year. B-side "Chains Around the Heart" was later recorded by Richard Marx under the title "Chains Around My Heart".
Yekuno Amlak
Yekuno Amlak (Ge'ez: ይኩኖ አምላክ, romanized: Yəkkuno ˀAmlak); throne name Tesfa Iyasus (ተስፋ ኢየሱስ; died 19 June 1285) was Emperor of Ethiopia, from 1270 to 1285, and the founder of the Solomonic dynasty, which lasted until 1974. He was a ruler from Bete Amhara (in parts of modern-day Wollo and northern Shewa) who became the Emperor of Ethiopia following the defeat of the last Zagwe king.

Emperor of Ethiopia
The emperor of Ethiopia (Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት, romanized: nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings"), also known as the Atse (Amharic: ዐፄ, "emperor"), was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, from at least the 13th century until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country. A National Geographic article from 1965 called Imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact it was a benevolent autocracy".
Michael Choice
Michael Blair Choice (born November 10, 1989) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. Choice played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics and Texas Rangers, and in the KBO League for the Nexen Heroes.

Choice played college baseball at the University of Texas at Arlington before the Athletics made him their first round draft pick in 2010.  He made his MLB debut with the Athletics in 2013, and played for the Rangers in 2014 and 2015.

Kiwoom Heroes
The Kiwoom Heroes (Korean: 키움 히어로즈; RR: Kium Hieolojeu) are a South Korean professional baseball team based in Seoul. They are a member of the KBO League. The Heroes play their home games at Gocheok Sky Dome in Gocheok-dong, a neighborhood located in the southwestern part of Seoul. The Heroes mascot is Teokdori (턱돌이; Mr. Jaw).

In 2014, the Futures League squad changed its name to Hwaseong Heroes (화성 히어로즈), differentiating from the first string.
In 2019, Hwaseong Heroes renamed as Goyang Heroes (고양 히어로즈).
Jovon Johnson
Jovon Johnson (born November 2, 1983) is an American former professional football defensive back and is the defensive backs coach for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played in 12 seasons and 188 games in the CFL for the Saskatchewan Roughriders, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Ottawa Redblacks, and Montreal Alouettes. He was the winner of the CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award in 2011 while with the Blue Bombers, becoming the first defensive back to win the award in the league. He is also a two-time CFL All-Star and five-time CFL East Division All-Star. He also won the 95th Grey Cup with the Roughriders in 2007. He has also been a member of the Pittsburgh Steelers and Erie RiverRats.

Position coach
In American football, a position coach is a team official in charge of coaching a specific position group. Position coaches have more specialized duties than the head coach, associate and assistant coach, and the offensive and defensive coordinators.
Characteristic (algebra)
In mathematics, the characteristic of a ring R, often denoted char(R), is defined to be the smallest positive number of copies of the ring's multiplicative identity (1) that will sum to the additive identity (0). If no such number exists, the ring is said to have characteristic zero.

That is, char(R) is the smallest positive number n such that:(p 198, Thm. 23.14)

if such a number n exists, and 0 otherwise.

Quotient ring
In ring theory, a branch of abstract algebra, a quotient ring, also known as factor ring, difference ring or residue class ring, is a construction quite similar to the quotient group in group theory and to the quotient space in linear algebra. It is a specific example of a quotient, as viewed from the general setting of universal algebra. Starting with a ring  and a two-sided ideal  in ⁠⁠, a new ring, the quotient ring ⁠⁠, is constructed, whose elements are the cosets of  in  subject to special  and  operations. Quotient ring notation almost always uses a fraction slash "⁠⁠"; stacking the ring over the ideal using a horizontal line as a separator is uncommon and generally avoided.

Quotient rings are distinct from the "quotient field", or field of fractions, of an integral domain as well as from the more general "rings of quotients" obtained by localization.