hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valmiera district
The Valmiera district (Latvian: Valmieras rajons) was an administrative division of Latvia, located in the Vidzeme region, in the country's north-east. Its administrative center was Valmiera. It bordered Estonia to the north and the former districts of Limbaži to the west, Valka to the east and Cēsis to the south. It was the eighth largest district in Latvia and had a population of 60,345 (2000 census).

Districts were eliminated during the administrative-territorial reform in 2009, after they had been introduced during the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1949, replacing counties.

Valmiera
Valmiera (pronunciationⓘ) is the second largest city of the historical Vidzeme region, Latvia, with a total area of 19.35 square kilometres (7 square miles). As of 2002, Valmiera had a population of 27,323, and in 2020, it was at 24,879. It is a state city (although without a separate municipal government), and is the seat of the Valmiera Municipality. Valmiera is one of the oldest cities in Latvia; it was a member of the Hanseatic League. According to the ethnic composition, Valmiera has the largest proportion of ethnic Latvians among the state cities.

Valmiera lies at the crossroads of several important roads, 107 kilometres (66 miles) to the north-east from Riga, the capital of Latvia, and 50 km (31 mi) south of the border with Estonia. Valmiera lies on both banks of the Gauja River.
Kh-31
The Kh-31 (Russian: Х-31; AS-17 'Krypton') is a Soviet and Russian air-to-surface missile carried by aircraft such as the MiG-29, Su-35 and the Su-57. It is capable of Mach 3.5 and was the first supersonic anti-ship missile that could be launched by tactical aircraft.

There are several variants; the Kh-31 is best known as an anti-radiation missile (ARM) but there are also anti-ship and target drone versions. There has been talk of adapting it to make an "AWACS killer", a long-range air-to-air missile.

Anti-ship missile
An anti-ship missile (AShM or ASM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A large number of other anti-ship missiles use infrared homing to follow the heat that is emitted by a ship; it is also possible for anti-ship missiles to be guided by radio command all the way.

Many anti-ship missiles can be launched from a variety of weapons systems including surface warships (also referred to as ship-to-ship missiles), submarines, bombers, fighter planes, patrol planes, helicopters, shore batteries, land vehicles, and, conceivably, even infantrymen firing shoulder-launched missiles. The term surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is used when appropriate. The longer-range anti-ship missiles are often called anti-ship cruise missiles. Several countries  are also developing anti-ship ballistic missiles.
Gopal Bhar
Gopal Bhar or Gopal Bhand (Bengali: গোপাল ভাঁড় [ˈɡopal bʱãˑɽ]) was an 18th-century figure in Bengal who is said to be a humorist or jester in the court of Raja Krishnachandra Roy (r. 1710–1783), the king of Nadia Raj. Legends say that he was a part of the Navaratnas (lit. 'Nine-jewels') of Krishnachandra's court. His statue can still be seen in the Royal palace and in Ghurni, Krishnanagar town. Gopal is believed to have possessed a keen intelligence. Although the historicity of the figure remains disputed, he remains a revered character in Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal.

Tenali Rama
Tenali Ramakrishna (born Garlapati Ramakrishna; 22 September 1480 – 5 August 1528), also known as Tenali Ramalinga and Tenali Rama, was a Telugu poet, scholar, and advisor in the court of Sri Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire. Hailing from Tenali, Andhra Pradesh. He earned acclaim as one of the Ashtadiggajas, a group of eight celebrated Telugu poets in Sri Krishnadevaraya's court, and is best known for his sharp wit and humour. His literary contributions include the notable work Panduranga Mahatmyam, which is regarded as one of the five great Telugu Kāvyas. He is often referred to by the title "Vikatakavi," meaning "jester poet," reflecting his unique ability to blend humour with wisdom. Tenali Ramakrishna's legacy continues to inspire various cultural adaptations in literature and media.
John Murdoch (literary evangelist)
John Murdoch (July 22, 1819 - August 10, 1904) was a Scottish Christian missionary who served in Ceylon and India in the 19th century. Murdoch first journeyed to Ceylon in order to serve as a head-master of the schools located in Kandy, yet shortly after his arrival he resigned due to concerns with the state-mandated curriculum. Murdoch instead began to work with various Christian societies within the country producing Christian tracts. After a successful career with the Ceylon Tract Society, he became the Agent and Travelling Secretary in India for the Christian Vernacular Education Society, located in India, working with this mission for the rest of his career. He retired from full-time missionary work in 1903, yet continued to publish his written works on a variety of sources which included politics, religion, and sociology. He died in India after becoming weakened by pneumonia in 1904 having never married yet leaving behind a legacy in his written work.

Dominion of Ceylon
Ceylon was an independent country in the Commonwealth of Nations from 1948 to 1972,  that shared a monarch with other dominions of the Commonwealth. In 1948, the British Colony of Ceylon was granted independence as Ceylon. In 1972, the country became a republic within the Commonwealth, and its name was changed to Sri Lanka.
Rosemary (1938 film)
Rosemary (Hungarian: Rozmaring) is a 1938 Hungarian romantic comedy film directed by Emil Martonffi and starring Ida Turay, Antal Páger and Gyula Kabos. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Márton Vincze.

Antal Páger (actor)
Antal Páger (29 January 1899 – 14 December 1986) was a Hungarian film actor. He appeared in 155 films between 1932 and 1986. He won the award for Best Actor at the 1964 Cannes Film Festival for his role in Drama of the Lark. He was married to the actress Júlia Komár from 1933 to 1961.
He emigrated from Hungary in 1945 and returned in summer of 1956.
Susan M. Gordon
Susan M. Gordon served as Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence from August 7, 2017, until August 15, 2019. Prior to assuming that role, she was the Deputy Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), having assumed the position on January 1, 2015. Before joining the NGA, she served as director of the Central Intelligence Agency's Information Operations Center and senior cyber adviser to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Gordon worked for the CIA for more than 25 years.

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
The director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) is a statutory office (50 U.S.C. § 3036) that functions as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, which in turn is a part of the United States Intelligence Community.

The director reports to the director of national intelligence (DNI) and is assisted by the deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DD/CIA). The director is a civilian or a general or flag officer of the United States Armed Forces nominated by the president of the United States, with the recommendation from the DNI, and must be confirmed by a majority vote of the United States Senate.
The Water Gardens, Burwood Place
The Water Gardens, on Burwood Place, Edgware Road, London are a residential development comprising a communal garden and three apartment blocks. The development was planned in 1960 and constructed between 1961 and 1966. The owners of the site are the Church Commissioners, who engaged Trehearne and Norman, Preston and Partners as architects and Philip Hicks as landscape designer. The gardens were renovated in 2018 and are listed at Grade II on the  Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England.

Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England
The Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England provides a listing and classification system for historic parks and gardens similar to that used for listed buildings. The register was set up by Historic England under the provisions of the National Heritage Act 1983. Over 1,600 sites are listed, ranging from the grounds of large stately homes to small domestic gardens, as well other designed landscapes such as town squares, public parks, and cemeteries. The register is published on the National Heritage List for England alongside other national heritage designations.
Academia School Dhaka
Academia is an English-medium school in Dhaka with multiple campuses in the city. It has campuses in Lalmatia, Dhanmondi, Mirpur, Gulshan, Uttara, Malibag, Wari and Banasree. It was established in 2002. The primary language of instruction is English. It offers classes from Playgroup to A-Levels (12). The school follows both Cambridge Assessment International Education (CAIE) & Pearson Edexcel Curriculum.

Dhanmondi Thana
Dhanmondi (Bengali: ধানমন্ডি) is an upscale residential and commercial neighbourhood and a thana (police jurisdiction) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, known for its central location, cultural vibrancy and being home to the country's founding president, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Dhanmondi Thana falls within the administrative areas of both the Dhaka North and Dhaka South city corporations.

The origins of Dhanmondi can be traced back to the early 1950s, when the Government of East Pakistan developed it as a centrally planned residential area catering to the city's elites.
New Hampshire Route 171
New Hampshire Route 171 (abbreviated NH 171) is a 15.194-mile-long (24.452 km) east–west highway in southern Carroll County in the Lakes Region of New Hampshire. The highway runs from NH 109 in Moultonborough to NH 16 in Ossipee.

Carroll County, New Hampshire
Carroll County is a county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 census, the population was 50,107, making it the third-least populous county in New Hampshire. Its county seat is Ossipee. The county was created in 1840 and organized at Ossipee from towns removed from Strafford County. It was named in honor of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who had died in 1832, the last surviving signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.
Commander-in-Chief, The Nore
The Commander-in-Chief, The Nore, was an operational commander of the Royal Navy. His subordinate units, establishments, and staff were sometimes informally known as the Nore Station or Nore Command. The Nore is a sandbank at the mouth of the Thames Estuary and River Medway. In due course the Commander-in-Chief became responsible for sub-commands at Chatham, London (less the Admiralty), Sheerness, Harwich and the Humber.

River Medway
The River Medway is a river in South East England. It rises in the High Weald, West Sussex and flows through Tonbridge, Maidstone and the Medway conurbation in Kent, before emptying into the Thames Estuary near Sheerness, a total distance of 70 miles (113 km). About 13 miles (21 km) of the river lies in East Sussex, with the remainder being in Kent.

The Medway has a catchment area of 930 square miles (2,409 km2), the second largest in southern England after the Thames. The map opposite shows only the major tributaries: a more detailed map shows the extensive network of smaller streams feeding into the main river. Those tributaries rise from points along the North Downs, the Weald and Ashdown Forest.
Oʻ
Oʻ (o with turned comma above right; minuscule: oʻ) is the 25th letter of the Uzbek Latin alphabet, representing the close-mid back rounded vowel /o/. It was adopted in the May 1995 revision of the alphabet, replacing Ö. It was also used in the Karakalpak alphabet until 2016, when it was replaced with Ó. In the Uzbek Cyrillic alphabet, it corresponds to Ў.

Ó
Ó, ó (o-acute) is a letter in the Czech, Dobrujan Tatar, Emilian-Romagnol, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Polish, Slovak, Karakalpak, and Sorbian languages. The symbol also appears in the Afrikaans, Catalan, Dutch, Irish, Nynorsk, Bokmål, Occitan, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and Galician languages as a variant of the letter "o". It usually represents a vowel sound longer than or slightly different from that represented by plain "o", although in some cases its sound is notably different (as in modern Polish, where it is pronounced the same as "u"). In some cases it represents the vowel "o" with a particular tone (for example, a high rising tone in Vietnamese). It is sometimes also used in English for loanwords.
Water & Garri
Water & Garri is the second extended play by Nigerian singer Tiwa Savage, released on 20 August 2021, via Motown Records and Universal Music Group. The EP features guest appearances from Nas, Brandy, Amaarae,  Tay Iwar, and Rich King. Water & Garri serves as a follow-up to her third studio album, Celia (2020), and was produced by Tay Iwar, Cracker Mallo, Mystro, Le Mav, and Rich King.

Tay Iwar
Austin Iornongu Iwar Jnr (born 9 June 1997), known professionally as Tay Iwar, is a Nigerian singer-songwriter, composer, sound engineer and record producer known for his vibrant blend of R&B and Afro-fusion, drawing upon classic Afrobeat, hip-hop, and future sounds. Tay Iwar's career can often feel longer than it's been. He was only in his teens when he released his first full-length projects, including 2016's Renascentia. He then rose to wider fame with 2019's Gemini, released with LA-based music collective Soulection.

He came into the music scene with a critically acclaimed mixtape album Passport, which earned him a nomination at the 3rd and 4th editions of Nigerian Teens Choice Awards in the Choice Mixtape/EP category in 2014 and 2015. On 23 November 2021, "Wizkid’s Made in Lagos deluxe studio album, was nominated at the GRAMMYs and earned him, a special recognition from The Recording Academy".
Old Man of Hoy
The Old Man of Hoy is a 137-metre (449-foot) sea stack on Hoy, part of the Orkney archipelago off the north coast of Scotland. Formed from Old Red Sandstone, it is one of the tallest stacks in the United Kingdom. The Old Man is popular with climbers, and was first climbed in 1966. Created by the erosion of a cliff through hydraulic action some time after 1750, the stack is not more than a few hundred years old, and may soon collapse into the sea.

Old Red Sandstone
Old Red Sandstone, abbreviated ORS, is an assemblage of rocks in the North Atlantic region largely of Devonian age. It extends in the east across Great Britain, Ireland and Norway, and in the west along the eastern seaboard of North America. It also extends northwards into Greenland and Svalbard. These areas were a part of the paleocontinent of Euramerica (Laurussia). In Britain it is a lithostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) to which stratigraphers accord supergroup status and which is of considerable importance to early paleontology. The presence of Old in the name is to distinguish the sequence from the younger New Red Sandstone which also occurs widely throughout Britain.
1913 South Lanarkshire by-election
The 1913 South Lanarkshire by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 12 December 1913. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

South Lanarkshire (UK Parliament constituency)
South Lanarkshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster) from 1868 to 1918. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post voting system.
Koh-e-Suleman Tehsil
Koh-e-Suleman Tehsil, formerly known as De-Excluded Area D.G. Khan and D.G. Khan Tribal Area, is a tehsil located in Taunsa District, Punjab, Pakistan. The population is 248,683, according to the 2023 census. Barring a small Saraiki-speaking section, almost the entire population of the tehsil (97.7%) is Balochi-speaking.

Saraiki language
Saraiki ( سرائیکی, Sarā'īkī, [səɾaːiːkiː]; also spelt Siraiki, or Seraiki) is a Lahnda language variety within the Indo-Aryan language family. It is spoken by 28.84 million people, as per the 2023 Pakistani census, taking prevalence in Southern Punjab with remants in Northern Sindh and Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Saraiki has partial mutual intelligibility with Standard Punjabi, and it shares with it a large portion of its vocabulary and morphology. At the same time in its phonology it is radically different (particularly in the lack of tones, the preservation of the voiced aspirates and the development of implosive consonants), and has important grammatical features in common with the Sindhi language spoken to the south.

Due to effects of dominant languages in Pakistani media like Urdu, Standard Punjabi and English and religious impact of Arabic and Persian, Saraiki like other regional varieties of Pakistan are continuously expanding its vocabulary base with loan words.
Cut rule
In mathematical logic, the cut rule is an inference rule of sequent calculus. It is a generalisation of the classical modus ponens inference rule. The meaning of the cut rule is that, if a formula A appears as a conclusion in one proof and a hypothesis in another, then another proof in which the formula A does not appear can be deduced. This applies to cases of modus ponens, such as how instances of man are eliminated from Every man is mortal, Socrates is a man to deduce Socrates is mortal.

Modus ponens
In propositional logic, modus ponens (/ˈmoʊdəs ˈpoʊnɛnz/; MP), also known as modus ponendo ponens (from Latin 'mode that by affirming affirms'), implication elimination, or affirming the antecedent, is a deductive argument form and rule of inference. It can be summarized as "P implies Q. P is true. Therefore, Q must also be true."

Modus ponens is a mixed hypothetical syllogism and is closely related to another valid form of argument, modus tollens. Both have apparently similar but invalid forms: affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent. Constructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus ponens.

The history of modus ponens goes back to antiquity. The first to explicitly describe the argument form modus ponens was Theophrastus. It, along with modus tollens, is one of the standard patterns of inference that can be applied to derive chains of conclusions that lead to the desired goal.
Muniz M-7
The Muniz M-7 was a two-seat primary training biplane with tandem open cockpit and powered by a 130 hp (197 kW) de Havilland Gipsy Major engine. Designed by Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Muniz, a serving officer in the Brazilian Air Force, as a primary trainer. It was the first production aircraft designed in Brazil. The M-7 prototype was built at the Central Aeronautics Park (Afonsos Air Force Base) and was first flown in October 1935. Production aircraft were built by Companhia Nacional de Navegação Aérea (CNNA) at Viana Island, (Rio de Janeiro). 11 aircraft were flown from 1937–1941 by the Military Aviation School based in Campo dos Afonsos, with the remaining 17 aircraft being sent to flying clubs.

De Havilland Gipsy Major
The de Havilland Gipsy Major or Gipsy IIIA is a four-cylinder, air-cooled, inverted inline engine used in a variety of light aircraft produced in the 1930s, including the famous Tiger Moth biplane. Many Gipsy Major engines still power vintage aircraft types.

Engines were produced by de Havilland in the UK and by the Australian arm of the company, de Havilland Australia, the latter modifying the design to use imperial measures rather than the original metric measurements.
Kappela
Kappela (transl. Chapel) is a 2020 Indian Malayalam-language action thriller film written and directed by Muhammad Musthafa (in his directorial debut). Movie produced by Vishnu Venu Under his banner Kadhaas Untold. Starring Anna Ben, Sreenath Bhasi, and Roshan Mathew. The music was composed by Sushin Shyam. The plot follows a phone call romance between an auto rickshaw driver, Vishnu, and a village girl, Jessy, who have never met each other. This film received positive reviews for the cast's performances and social message. After the huge success of film, it is remade in Telugu as Butta Bomma, which marks the Telugu debuts of Surya Vasishta and Arjun Das.

Sushin Shyam
Sushin Shyam is an Indian music composer, instrumentalist, and singer primarily associated with Malayalam cinema. He is also a founding member of the folk metal band The Down Troddence. He is known for his contributions to the films Varathan (2018), Kumbalangi Nights (2019), Minnal Murali (2021), Bheeshma Parvam (2022), Romancham (2023), Kannur Squad (2023), Manjummel Boys (2024) and Aavesham (2024). His work on Kumbalangi Nights earned him the Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director in 2019. In 2025 July 4th, he made his debut as an independent music artist with the music video Ray. He is a two-time winner of Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director, for Kumbalangi Nights in 2019 and Bougainvillea in 2024.
Walter Breuning
Walter Breuning (September 21, 1896 – April 14, 2011) was an American supercentenarian who lived for 114 years and 205 days and was, up to the time of his death, the oldest living man in the world and the third-oldest verified man ever, behind Christian Mortensen and Emiliano Mercado del Toro.

Christian Mortensen
Thomas Peter Thorvald Kristian Ferdinand Mortensen (August 16, 1882 – April 25, 1998), known as Christian Mortensen, was a Danish-American supercentenarian who resided in California. When he died, his age of 115 years and 252 days was the longest verified male lifespan at the time, until Jiroemon Kimura surpassed him in 2012. Mortensen was baptized in Fruering Church on December 26, 1882. Besides his baptismal record, other records include the 1890 and 1901 census enumerations in Denmark, and church confirmation in 1896.
Mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code
The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code  (translation table 4) is the genetic code used by various organisms, in some cases with slight variations, notably the use of UGA as a tryptophan codon rather than a stop codon.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.