hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Geology of Senegal
The geology of Senegal formed beginning more than two billion years ago. The Archean greenschist Birimian rocks common throughout West Africa are the oldest in the country, intruded by Proterozoic granites. Basins formed in the interior during the Paleozoic and filled with sedimentary rocks, including tillite from a glaciation. With the rifting apart of the supercontinent Pangaea in the Mesozoic, the large Senegal Basin filled with thick sequences of marine and terrestrial sediments. Sea levels declined in the Eocene forming large phosphate deposits. Senegal is blanketed in thick layers of terrestrial sediments formed in the Quaternary. The country has extensive natural resources, including gold, diamonds, and iron.

Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea (/pænˈdʒiːə/ pan-JEE-ə) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from the earlier continental units of Gondwana, Euramerica and Siberia during the Carboniferous period approximately 335 million years ago, and began to break apart about 200 million years ago, at the end of the Triassic and beginning of the Jurassic. Pangaea was C-shaped, with the bulk of its mass stretching between Earth's northern and southern polar regions and surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa and the Paleo-Tethys and subsequent Tethys Oceans. Pangaea is the most recent supercontinent to have existed and was the first to be reconstructed by geologists.
Doob martingale
In the mathematical theory of probability, a Doob martingale (named after Joseph L. Doob, also known as a Levy martingale) is a stochastic process that approximates a given random variable and has the martingale property with respect to the given filtration. It may be thought of as the evolving sequence of best approximations to the random variable based on information accumulated up to a certain time.

When analyzing sums, random walks, or other additive functions of independent random variables, one can often apply the central limit theorem, law of large numbers, Chernoff's inequality, Chebyshev's inequality or similar tools. When analyzing similar objects where the differences are not independent, the main tools are martingales and Azuma's inequality.

Filtration (probability theory)
In the theory of stochastic processes, a subdiscipline of probability theory, filtrations are totally ordered collections of subsets that are used to model the information that is available at a given point and therefore play an important role in the formalization of random (stochastic) processes.
5th Shorty Awards
The 5th Annual Shorty Awards ceremony featured Felicia Day, James Urbaniak, Kristian Nairn, Hannibal Buress, Carrie Keagan, Chris Hardwick, David Karp and Coco Rocha. 2.4 million tweeted nominations were made across all the categories to honor the top users on Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, Foursquare, YouTube and other internet sites.

The ceremony took place on April 8, 2013 at the New York TimesCenter and was hosted by Actress Felicia Day. The show began with videos of Felicia Day exploring NYC's internet culture as well as Mayor Michael Bloomberg welcoming the audience with Internet-speak. During the night, Wolf Blitzer announced early poll results of what's trending during the Shorty Awards, and Jimmy Kimmel was given the Lifetime Achievement Award.

The audience was also shown an interview of the Mars Curiosity Rover, led by comedian and actor Seth Green, before accepting the Shorty Award for Foursquare Mayor of the Year.

Felicia Day
Kathryn Felicia Day (born June 28, 1979) is an American actress, singer, writer, and web series creator. She is the creator and star of the web series The Guild (2007–2013), a show loosely based on her life as a gamer. She also wrote and starred in the Dragon Age web series Dragon Age: Redemption (2011). She is a founder of the online media company Geek & Sundry, best known for hosting the show Critical Role between 2015 and 2019. Day was a member of the board of directors of the International Academy of Web Television from December 2009 until August 2012.

On television, Day has played Vi in the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (2003) and Dr. Holly Marten in Eureka (2011), and had a recurring role as Charlie Bradbury on Supernatural (2012–2015, 2018–2020). She has also acted in films such as Bring It On Again (2004), as well as the Internet musical Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (2008). In April 2017, she began appearing as Kinga Forrester in Mystery Science Theater 3000.
Forbidden Love (2020 TV series)
Forbidden Love is a 2020 Indian ZEE5 original Hindi-language miniseries directed by Pradeep Sarkar, Priyadarshan, Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury and Mahesh Manjrekar starring Aditya Seal, Pooja Kumar, Ali Fazal, Omkar Kapoor, Patralekha, Aahana Kumra, Chandan Roy Sanyal, Raima Sen and Rannvijay Singha. The show was released on ZEE5 in 4 chapters. Anamika & Arranged Marriage on 9 September 2020 and Diagnosis of Love & Rule of Games on 24 September.

Aahana Kumra
Aahana S Kumra is an Indian actress. She is known for her television debut in Sony Entertainment Television's Yudh with Amitabh Bachchan and also for her lead role in the TV series Agent Raghav - Crime Branch with Sharad Kelkar, followed by leading roles in a number of feature films.
Alexander Baillie
Alexander Baillie (born 6 January 1956) is an English cellist, recognised internationally as one of the finest of his generation. He is currently professor of cello at the Bremen Hochschule and previously taught at Birmingham Conservatoire, as well as at various summer schools in the UK and Europe. He is one of the main cello professors at the Cadenza Summer School, and also runs an annual cello summer course in Bryanston.

University of the Arts Bremen
The University of the Arts Bremen (German: Hochschule für Künste Bremen, HfK Bremen) is a public university in Bremen, Germany. It is one of the most successful arts institutions, and its origins date back to 1873. The University of the Arts Bremen runs a Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, and a Faculty of Music, with approximately 900 students, 65 professors and about 180 assistant professors.

The academic subdivisions within the University are Music, Art, Design and practical theory. The institution's specialisms in both music and visual arts is unique within Germany, save for the Berlin University of the Arts. Recent works and exhibitions combine visual art, digital media and music, with emphasis on co-operation between disciplines.
Randy Black
Randy Black (born November 17, 1963) is a Canadian drummer known best for his stints as the drummer for Bif Naked, Annihilator, Primal Fear, and Destruction. Although Black's actual acoustic drum configuration is not unique to the field of drumming, his playing style is notable for his ability to play ambidextrously with a symmetrical set of cymbals, specifically a dual set of remote hi-hats and ride cymbals to his right and to his left respectively.

Bif Naked
Beth Nicole Torbert (born June 15, 1971) is a Canadian singer best known by her stage name Bif Naked. Between 1996 and 2016, she was among the top 150 selling Canadian artists in Canada.  She charted at No. 1 on Billboard Canada for the single "Spaceman" and was heavy rotation on MTV TRL for the video of "Moment of Weakness".  The album I Bificus was multiplatinum internationally.
Battle of Pasir Panjang
The Battle of Pasir Panjang, which took place between 13 and 15 February 1942, was part of the final stage of the Empire of Japan's invasion of Singapore during World War II. The battle was initiated upon the advancement of elite Imperial Japanese Army forces towards Pasir Panjang Ridge on 13 February.

13,000 Japanese troops had made an amphibious landing in northwestern Singapore near Sarimbun (see Battle of Sarimbun Beach) and had started to advance south towards Pasir Panjang. They had already captured Tengah Airfield en route. The 13,000 soldiers constituted a significant part of the total strength of 36,000 Japanese troops deployed in the invasion of Singapore.

Battle of Sarimbun Beach
The Battle of Sarimbun Beach was the first stage of the Japanese assault on Singapore in February 1942 during World War II. Sarimbun Beach, in the northwestern corner of mainland Singapore, was the area in which Japanese troops, under the direction of Lieutenant-General Tomoyuki Yamashita, first attacked Allied forces (predominantly British) in Singapore. The commander of all Allied forces in Singapore, Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival, did not expect the Japanese to make their main attack on the island from the northwest and subsequently failed to reinforce the 22nd Australian Brigade, which took the brunt of the Japanese assault. The main Japanese objective to be attained following their landing at Sarimbun Beach was the capture of Tengah Airfield.
2016 San Jose City Council election
The 2016 San Jose City Council election took place on June 7, 2016, to elect five of the ten seats of the San Jose City Council, with runoff elections taking place on November 8, 2016. Runoffs only occurred if no candidate received more than 50% of the votes cast in the contest. Local elections in California are officially nonpartisan. Each councilmember is term-limited after two consecutive terms in office.

2008 San Jose City Council election
The 2008 San Jose City Council election took place on June 3, 2008, to elect five of the ten seats of the San Jose City Council, with runoff elections taking place on November 4, 2008. Runoffs only occurred if no candidate received more than 50% of the votes cast in the contest. Local elections in California are officially nonpartisan. Each councilmember is term-limited after two consecutive terms in office.
Ernie Epp
Abram Ernest (Ernie) Epp (born September 28, 1941) is a Canadian historian and former politician. Currently a professor of Canadian and environmental history at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, he represented the electoral district of Thunder Bay—Nipigon in the House of Commons of Canada from 1984 to 1988 as a member of the New Democratic Party. He defeated Liberal incumbent Jack Masters in the 1984 Canadian federal election to represent the seat and lost it to Liberal challenger Joe Comuzzi in 1988.

As a historian, his publications include From Rivalry to Unity: A History of Thunder Bay (1995) and The North American Fur Trade: Pivotal Interpretations (1995).

Epp was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Joe Comuzzi
Joseph Robert Comuzzi, PC (April 5, 1933 – December 31, 2021) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as a cabinet minister under Prime Minister Paul Martin. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1988 to 2008, representing Thunder Bay—Nipigon which was renamed Thunder Bay—Superior North in 2000.
Serrano-class destroyer
The Serrano class was a series of six destroyers, built to a British design, which served with the Chilean Navy from 1928 to 1967. In 1927 Chile ordered the Serrano class from John I. Thornycroft & Company in the United Kingdom at the cost of £230,000 for each ship to enhance the Chilean Navy's ability to patrol its extensive coastline.  The six vessels were completed by 1929. Serrano, Orella and Hyatt were equipped for minelaying, and Aldea, Riquelme and Videla for minesweeping.

Because of weak hull construction the ships had been assessed unsuitable for service along the southern Chilean coast, where it was necessary to use older ships of Almirante Lynch class instead. The destroyers remained in service until the mid-1960s.

Minelayer
A minelayer is any warship, submarine, military aircraft or land vehicle deploying explosive mines. Since World War I the term "minelayer" refers specifically to a naval ship used for deploying naval mines. "Mine planting" was the term for installing controlled mines at predetermined positions in connection with coastal fortifications or harbor approaches that would be detonated by shore control when a ship was fixed as being within the mine's effective range.

An army's special-purpose combat engineering vehicles used to lay landmines are sometimes called "minelayers".
Daniel Gallegos
Daniel J. Gallegos (born March 19, 1978) is an American attorney, a former judge on the New Mexico Court of Appeals in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and a former district judge on the Second Judicial District Court in Bernalillo County, New Mexico. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Bernalillo County, New Mexico
Bernalillo County (/ˌbɜːrnəˈliːjoʊ/) is the most populous county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 census, the population was 676,444. The county seat, Albuquerque, is the most populous city in New Mexico.  Bernalillo County is the central county of the Albuquerque, NM Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Adiabatic connection fluctuation dissipation theorem
In density functional theory (DFT) the adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem (ACFD) is an exact formula for the Kohn–Sham correlation energy. 
A connection between noninteracting electrons and interacting electrons (the adiabatic connection (AC)) is combined with the random density fluctuations of molecular or solid systems (fluctuation-dissipation (FD)). It is used as a tool in theoretical chemistry and quantum chemistry to approximate the electronic energy.

The theorem states

where  is the Hartree kernel,  the interacting dynamic response function,  the dynamic Kohn–Sham (KS) response function from time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT).

Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy. Its spectrum, the system's energy spectrum or its set of energy eigenvalues, is the set of possible outcomes obtainable from a measurement of the system's total energy. Due to its close relation to the energy spectrum and time-evolution of a system, it is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory.

The Hamiltonian is named after William Rowan Hamilton, who developed a revolutionary reformulation of Newtonian mechanics, known as Hamiltonian mechanics, which was historically important to the development of quantum physics. Similar to vector notation, it is typically denoted by , where the hat indicates that it is an operator. It can also be written as  or .
Saturday Night (2022 film)
Saturday Night is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language comedy-drama film directed by Rosshan Andrrews and written by Naveen Bhaskar. It stars Nivin Pauly, Aju Varghese, Siju Wilson, and Saiju Kurup. The music was composed by Jakes Bejoy. The plot explores the relationship between four friends.

This movie was released on 4 November 2022 and received mixed to negative response from audience and gradually it became box office disaster.

Jakes Bejoy
Jakes Bejoy is an Indian film score and song composer and playback singer, primarily known for his work in Malayalam cinema, along with Tamil and Telugu films. He made his debut as a film composer with the Malayalam thriller Angels (2014) and has since established himself as a prominent film composer in Indian cinema.
Invasion of Gotland (1676)
The Invasion of Gotland (Danish: Erobringen af Gotland/Gulland, Swedish: Erövringen av Gotland) was a Danish sea-borne invasion of the Swedish island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea, led by admiral Niels Juel during the Scanian War. The invasion took place from 28 April to 1 May 1676.

Gotland was occupied by Denmark until 1679, when the war was formally ended.

Niels Juel
Admiral Niels Juel (8 May 1629 – 8 April 1697) was a Danish naval officer who served as supreme commander of the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy during the late 17th century and oversaw its development into a blue-water navy. His victory against Sweden at the Battle of Køge Bay (1677) is regarded as the greatest victory in Danish naval history. He also won, one month earlier, the Battle of Møn.
Bucko (comics)
Bucko is a comic written by Jeff Parker and drawn by Erika Moen. It was serialized as a webcomic in 2011–2012 before being published as a book by Dark Horse Comics on September 12, 2012. It is a comedic murder mystery story.

The comic received praise from Ain't It Cool News, Newsarama, Paste Magazine, Willamette Week, and The Portland Mercury. Publishers Weekly wrote positively of the comic's illustration but was critical of the story.

Newsarama
Newsarama is an American website that publishes news, interviews, and essays about the American comic book industry. It is owned by Future US. In June 2020, Newsarama was merged with the website GamesRadar+, also owned by Future US.
I've Seen It All
"I've Seen It All" is a song recorded by Icelandic singer Björk for the Dancer in the Dark soundtrack, Selmasongs (2000). It was written by the singer, along with Sjón and Lars von Trier (who also directed the film). It was released as the first promotional single from Selmasongs on 21 July 2000, by One Little Indian Records. The song features vocals from Radiohead frontman Thom Yorke. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Lyrically, it speaks of one coming to terms with the fact that they are going blind.

The version from the soundtrack album Selmasongs is a duet with Radiohead singer Thom Yorke while the version performed in the film Dancer in the Dark is a duet with actor Peter Stormare.

Peter Stormare
Rolf Peter Ingvar Stormare (Swedish: [ˈpěːtɛr ˈstɔ̂rːmarɛ] ⓘ; né Storm, 27 August 1953) is a Swedish-American actor. He played Hamlet for Ingmar Bergman, Gaear Grimsrud in the film Fargo (1996) and John Abruzzi in the television series Prison Break (2005–2007). He has appeared in films including The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), Playing God (1997), The Big Lebowski (1998), Armageddon (1998), 8mm (1999), Dancer in the Dark (2000),  Windtalkers (2002), Minority Report (2002), Bad Boys II (2003), Constantine (2005), 22 Jump Street (2014), John Wick: Chapter 2 (2017), Until Dawn (2025), The Blacklist (2013) and the video games Destiny (2014), Until Dawn (2015), and Destiny 2 (2017).
Felix Haas
Felix Haas (born August 30), is a German entrepreneur and investor based in Munich. He is most known for founding Amiando and IDnow. He is also the co-organizer and host of Bits & Pretzels, Germany’s largest founders' event.

Haas founded his first company, TiberiumSun Networks, in 1997, while still in high school. After completing his education and spending two years in Silicon Valley, he co-founded Amiando in 2006. The company was acquired by XING in 2010 and Haas co-founded IDnow in 2013. He is an active business angel investor. He has invested in over 50 internet startups in Germany and serves on the board of several companies.

Amiando
Amiando was a startup company for online event management, headquartered in Munich, Germany. Amiando was founded by Felix Haas, Dennis von Ferenczy, Sebastian Bärhold, Armin Bauer, Marc P. Bernegger and Markus Eichinger in Munich in 2006.

The company targeted two main segments of events: Business events (conferences, seminars, corporate events and networking events) and entertainment events (concerts, sports tournaments and parties). Clients were both event organizers as well as event agencies.
Three Men in a Boat (1975 film)
Three Men in a Boat is a 1975 BBC comedy film adapted by Tom Stoppard, directed by Stephen Frears and starring Tim Curry, Michael Palin, and Stephen Moore. It is based on the 1889 novel Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome.

Michael Palin appeared in this film just as he was establishing his post-Monty Python career, and the film has "glints of Python-like silliness throughout".

Stephen Moore (actor)
Stephen Vincent Moore (11 December 1937 – 4 October 2019) was an English actor, known for his work on British television since the mid-1970s, and particularly as the voice of Marvin the Paranoid Android in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.
Mandy Sellars
Mandy Sellars (born 20 February 1975 in Lancashire, United Kingdom) is a British woman with a rare genetic mutation that has resulted in extraordinary growth in both of her legs.

In 2006, some doctors diagnosed Sellars as having Proteus syndrome, a very rare condition thought to affect only 120 people worldwide, but more recent diagnoses have focused on a PIK3CA gene mutation. Some reports still describe her condition as a rare form of Proteus syndrome, but Sellars herself has disputed the diagnosis.

Sellars's condition has been covered in several television programs, leading Sellars to jokingly describe herself as a "part-time TV star".

P110α
The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (the HUGO-approved official symbol = PIK3CA; HGNC ID, HGNC:8975), also called p110α protein, is a class I PI 3-kinase catalytic subunit. The human p110α protein is encoded by the PIK3CA gene.

Its role was uncovered by molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE).
Azyartso, Minsk region
Azyartso (Belarusian: Азярцо, romanized: Aziartso; Russian: Озерцо, romanized: Ozertso) is an agrotown in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It is administratively part of Shchomyslitsa selsoviet. It is located four kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest of the capital Minsk. In 2010, it had a population of 1,320.

Shchomyslitsa
Shchomyslitsa (Belarusian: Шчомысліца, romanized: Ščomyslica; Russian: Щомыслица) is an agrotown in Minsk District, Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Shchomyslitsa rural council. It is located nine kilometres (5.6 mi) southwest of the capital Minsk. In 2003, it had a population of 1,655. In 2010, it had a population of 2,011.
Colinroobie
Colinroobie is a rural community in the central part of the Riverina in southern New South Wales, Australia.  Previously referred to as Bents Hill its name was changed in January 2005.

It is situated by road, about 33 kilometres (21 mi) north of Narrandera and 27 kilometres (17 mi) south of Barellan.

Colinroobie Post Office opened on 5 November 1895 and closed in 1952.

Narrandera
Narrandera (/nəˈrændərə/ nə-RAN-dər-ə; wiradjuri: Narrangdhuray), until around 1949 also spelled "Narandera", is a town located in the central Riverina region of south-western New South Wales, Australia. The town lies on the junction of the Newell and Sturt highways, adjacent to the Murrumbidgee River, and it is considered the gateway to the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area. At the 2021 census, Narrandera had a population of 3,783.
Madrepora oculata
Madrepora oculata, also called zigzag coral, is a stony coral that is found worldwide outside of the polar regions, growing in deep water at depths of 50 to at least 1500 meters. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is one of only 12 species of coral that are found worldwide, including in Subantarctic oceans. In some areas, such as in the Mediterranean Sea and the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, it dominates communities of coral. Due to their similar distribution and taxonomic relationship, M. oculata is often experimentally compared to related deep sea coral, Lophelia pertusa.

Lophelia
Lophelia pertusa, the only species in the genus Lophelia, is a cold-water coral that grows in the deep waters throughout the North Atlantic ocean, as well as parts of the Caribbean Sea and Alboran Sea. Although L. pertusa reefs are home to a diverse community, the species is extremely slow growing and may be harmed by destructive fishing practices, or oil exploration and extraction.