hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thumer Netz
The Thumer Netz was a narrow gauge railway network in the area around Thum in Saxony, Germany that operated from 1886 until 1975. It had a 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) gauge. Total length was about 44 km (27.34 mi).

This network had three segments that connected three standard gauge stations: In Wilischthal and Schönfeld-Wiesa were connections to the Annaberg-Buchholz-Flöha railway, and in Meinersdorf was a connection to the Chemnitz–Adorf railway. The three segments had their hub in Thum. This set of railroads brought much-needed connectivity and transport capacity to the small towns and villages of the central Ore Mountains, which had formed a viable industry in the 19th century due to abundance of water power, wood, ore and other natural resources as well as cheap labour.

A landmark was the 180 m (590.6 ft) long and 35 m (114.8 ft) tall Greifenbach viaduct between Ehrenfriedersdorf and Geyer.

Ehrenfriedersdorf
Ehrenfriedersdorf (German pronunciation: [eːʁənˈfʁiːdɐsdɔʁf] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Erzgebirgskreis, in Saxony, Germany. It is situated 8 km northwest of Annaberg-Buchholz, and 21 km south of Chemnitz.
WVAZ
WVAZ (102.7 FM, "V103") is an urban adult contemporary radio station serving the Chicago metropolitan area and Northwest Indiana. Licensed to Oak Park, Illinois, WVAZ is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc.. WVAZ carries the nationally syndicated Steve Harvey Morning Show and The Sweat Hotel with Keith Sweat.

WVAZ's radio studios and offices are located at the Illinois Center complex on Michigan Avenue in Downtown Chicago.  It broadcasts from a transmitter atop the John Hancock Center.  In 2005, WVAZ began broadcasting in IBOC digital radio, using the HD Radio system from iBiquity.  Its HD2 digital subchannel carries the Black Information Network, which is simulcast market-wide on WMFN (640 AM) in Peotone.

Urban adult contemporary
Urban adult contemporary, often abbreviated as urban AC or UAC, (also known as adult R&B,) is the name for a format of radio music, similar to an urban contemporary format. Radio stations using this format usually would not have hip hop music on their playlists, and generally include some mix of contemporary R&B and traditional R&B (while urban oldies stations emphasize only the latter). Urban adult contemporary playlists generally consist of many different genres that originated amongst Black Americans including R&B, soul, funk, disco, jazz, pop, hip-hop, electro, quiet storm, gospel, new jack swing, and hip-hop soul.
Crazy Aaronʼs
Crazy Aaronʼs is a private American toy company best known for manufacturing Thinking Putty and a range of other toy compounds. Founded in 1998 by Aaron Muderick, the company operates from its headquarters in Norristown, Pennsylvania, and serves a global market.

Norristown, Pennsylvania
Norristown is a borough with home rule status and the county seat of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States, in the Philadelphia metropolitan area.  Located along the Schuylkill River, approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) from Philadelphia, Norristown had a population of 35,748 as of the 2020 census. It is the fourth-most populous municipality in the county and second-most populous borough in Pennsylvania.

It is the largest non-township municipality in Montgomery County and is located 49.8 miles (80.1 km) southeast of Allentown and 19.9 miles (32.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia.
Institute of Plant Industry
The Institute of Plant Industry, Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry or N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) (in Russian: Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)), as it is officially called since 2015, is a research institute of plant genetics and seed bank, located in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Plant genetics
Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in plants. It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but it intersects with numerous life sciences, including molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and bioinformatics. Plants are used for genetic research in a multitude of disciplines. Understanding plant genetics is used for improving crop yields, developing disease-resistant plants, advancing agricultural biotechnology and making advancements in medicine. The study of plant genetics has significant economic and agricultural implications. Thus, there are many plant models and genetic tools that have been developed to study plants. Genetic research has led to the development of high-yield, pest-resistant, and climate-adapted crops. Advances in genetic modification (GMO Crops) and selective breeding continue to enhance global food security by improving nutritional value, resistance to environmental stress, and overall crop performance.
Sri Naga Shakthi
Sri Naga Shakthi is a 2011 Indian Kannada film starring Shruthi and Ramkumar in the lead roles. The film has been directed and written by Om Sai Prakash. Actress Chandrika has produced the film under her home banner. The film has been in the cans for many years and has finally released on 7 January 2011. The film has received negative reviews from critics owing to its old age story.

Ramkumar
Ramkumar is an Indian actor and film producer known for his work in Kannada cinema also appeared in few Tamil and Telugu films, He made his acting debut in Peraala's 1990 action film Aavesha. The same year, he played a small role in Rajendra Singh Babu's Muthina Haara (1990). With his good looks, he was considered one of the "chocolate heroes" of the 1990s. As of 2013, Ramkumar has acted in over 40 Kannada feature films. His acting skills are well-appreciated. He has produced the film Pandavaru (2006) in which he has acted as well.
Mary Fabilli
Mary Fabilli (February 16, 1914 − September 2, 2011) was an American poet and illustrator who for many years made her living as an art teacher and curator at the Oakland Museum in Oakland, California. She was for a time married to poet William Everson and was close friends with poet Robert Duncan, both associated with the Berkeley Renaissance  and the San Francisco Renaissance in nearby San Francisco. Fabilli's published work centered on her personal experiences, particularly those related to her Italian heritage and her Roman Catholic faith, and she did not consider herself to be a Beat poet.

San Francisco Renaissance
The term San Francisco Renaissance is used as a global designation for a range of poetic activity centered on San Francisco, which brought it to prominence as a hub of the American poetry avant-garde in the 1950s. However, others (e.g., Alan Watts, Ralph J. Gleason) felt this renaissance was a broader phenomenon and should be seen as also encompassing the visual and performing arts, philosophy, cross-cultural interests (particularly those that involved Asian cultures), and new social sensibilities.
Maurice Johnson (Canadian politician)
Paul Léo Maurice Johnson (17 January 1929 – 24 January 2020) was a Canadian politician who was Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was a lawyer by career.

Maurice Johnson was first elected at the Chambly—Rouville riding in the 1958 general election and was a government member in John Diefenbaker's administration. He was defeated after one term of office by Bernard Pilon of the Liberal party in the 1962 election.

Johnson voted against his government on a measure which limited capital punishment to cases of intentional or premeditated murder. Previously, the death penalty could apply to all forms of murder convictions. These revisions to the Criminal Code concerned Johnson who felt that this decision would lead to elimination of the death penalty.

Maurice Johnson died on 24 January 2020, at the age of 91. He was a brother of former Quebec premier Daniel Johnson, Sr.

Bernard Pilon
J.-E. Bernard Pilon (1 August 1918 – 17 November 1970) was a Canadian insurance broker and politician. Pilon served as a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Vaudreuil, Quebec.

He was first elected at the Chambly—Rouville riding in the 1962 general election, then re-elected there in the 1963 and 1965 federal elections. For the 1968 federal election, riding boundaries were realigned and Pilon was a candidate at the Chambly electoral district.

Pilon died in Montreal on 17 November 1970 due to a heart attack before completing his term in the 28th Canadian Parliament.
Columbia Pike–National Landing Line
The Columbia Pike–National Landing Line, designated as Route A40, is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between  Skyline City and Crystal City station of the Yellow and Blue lines of the Washington Metro, with late night trips extending to L'Enfant Plaza station of the Blue, Orange, Silver, Green and Yellow Lines of the Washington Metro. This line is part of the Pike Ride service, which runs through Columbia Pike. This line provides service through the neighborhoods of Fairfax County and Arlington County to Crystal City. Unlike the Columbia Pike Line, the Columbia Pike–National Landing Line does not serve Columbia Pike past the Arlington County line.

Pike Ride
Pike Ride is a combination of bus routes along Columbia Pike in Northern Virginia, United States. It consists of service operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (Metrobus) and Arlington Transit (ART), connecting the Pentagon and Pentagon City Washington Metro stations in Arlington County with Annandale in Fairfax County.

The service started in 2003. Route timetables and other useful information were implemented in numerous bus stops along the corridor, printed in both English and Spanish. ART provides cell phone users with an 800 number that is listed at each bus stop to call and obtain bus schedule information.
Electric Fire
Electric Fire is the fourth solo album by Roger Taylor (of the band Queen), released in 1998. It features a cover of John Lennon's song "Working Class Hero".
The album came not long before Taylor's performance at Cyber Barn in the same year. Following the gloomy album Happiness?, Electric Fire also included gloomy elements but was, on the whole, a bit more bright.

Two singles from the album, "Pressure On" and "Surrender" charted on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 45 and 38 respectively.

Working Class Hero
"Working Class Hero" is a song by John Lennon from his 1970 album John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band, his first album after the break-up of the Beatles. It was released as the B-side to the single "Imagine" in Britain on 24 October 1975.
Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow (film)
Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow (Filipino: Kahapon, Ngayon, Bukas) is a 2011 Filipino drama film directed by Jun Lana. The film stars Maricel Soriano, Gabby Concepcion, Jericho Rosales, Dennis Trillo, Paulo Avelino, Lovi Poe, Carla Abellana, Solenn Heussaff, Ronaldo Valdez, Agot Isidro and Eula Caballero. It is an official entry for the 2011 Metro Manila Film Festival. It was released on 25 December 2011.

Solenn Heussaff
Solenn Marie Adea Heussaff-Bolzico (Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈhjusap];  born July 20, 1985) is a Filipino actress, model, singer and painter. She was one of the official castaways of Survivor Philippines: Celebrity Showdown. She made it to the final 3. In December 2010, she signed a recording contract with MCA Music, a movie contract with Regal Entertainment, and a television contract with GMA Network and GMA Artist Center.
The Gallant Legion
The Gallant Legion is a 1948 American Western film directed by Joseph Kane and written by Gerald Drayson Adams. The film stars Wild Bill Elliott, Lorna Gray, Joseph Schildkraut, Bruce Cabot, Andy Devine and Jack Holt. The film was released on May 24, 1948, by Republic Pictures.

Wild Bill Elliott
Wild Bill Elliott (born Gordon Nance, October 16, 1904 – November 26, 1965) was an American film actor. He specialized in playing the rugged heroes of B Westerns, particularly the Red Ryder series of films.
Jennifer Carroll MacNeill
Jennifer Carroll MacNeill (née Carroll; born 5 September 1980) is an Irish Fine Gael politician who has served as Minister for Health since January 2025. She previously served as Minister of State for European Affairs from 2024 to 2025 and Minister of State at the Department of Finance from 2022 to 2024. She has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dún Laoghaire constituency since the 2020 general election. She has worked as a solicitor and barrister within the public service and also as a government special advisor.

Minister of State at the Department of Finance
The Minister of State at the Department of Finance is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Finance of the Government of Ireland. A Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank. The position was created on 1 January 1978, replacing the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance.

The current Minister of State is Robert Troy, TD, who was appointed in January 2025.
Eli Gardner
Eli Gardner (born June 14, 1986) is an American football coach who is currently the head coach at Stonehill College, a role he has held since the 2016 season. He played college football at Western New England University.

Western New England University
Western New England University is a private university in Springfield, Massachusetts. Academic programs are provided through its College of Arts and Sciences, College of Business, College of Engineering, School of Law, and College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences.

In recognition of its master's and doctoral programs, the institution officially changed its name from Western New England College to Western New England University on July 1, 2011. This marked the return of "university" to the school's name, exactly 60 years after separating from Northeastern University.  It had long been classified as a university.
Kierston Wareing
Kierston Wareing (born Faye Kierston Wareing 7 January 1976) is a British actress. Her first film role was the lead in Ken Loach's It's a Free World..., followed by a supporting role in Andrea Arnold's Fish Tank – which won the BAFTA award for ‘Best British Film’ and the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival.

Her television roles include miniseries The Runaway, The Take, Luther, and The Shadow Line. She is also known for her roles in EastEnders, Hollyoaks, Rise of the Footsoldier and two roles in The Bill, credited first as Fay Wareing then Faye Wareing.

Ken Loach
Kenneth Charles Loach (born 17 June 1936) is a retired English filmmaker. His socially critical directing style and socialist views are evident in his film treatment of social issues such as poverty (Poor Cow, 1967), homelessness (Cathy Come Home, 1966), and labour rights (Riff-Raff, 1991, and The Navigators, 2001).

Loach's film Kes (1969) was voted the seventh greatest British film of the 20th century in a poll by the British Film Institute. Two of his films, The Wind That Shakes the Barley (2006) and I, Daniel Blake (2016), received the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, making him one of only ten filmmakers to win the award twice. He also holds the record for the most films screened in the main competition at Cannes with 15.
Sol Halperin
Sol Halperin (February 16, 1902 – May 4, 1977) was an American special effects artist as well as a cinematographer. He was nominated at the 18th Academy Awards for Best Special Effects, for the film Captain Eddie. His nomination was shared with Fred Sersen, Roger Heman Sr. and Harry M. Leonard.

His nephew is Academy Award nominee Richard H. Kline.

Captain Eddie
Captain Eddie is a 1945 American drama film directed by Lloyd Bacon, based on Seven Were Saved by "Eddie" Rickenbacker and Lt. James Whittaker's We Thought We Heard the Angels Sing. The film stars Fred MacMurray, Lynn Bari and Charles Bickford. Captain Eddie is a "biopic" of Rickenbacker, from his experiences as a flying ace during World War I to his later involvement as a pioneering figure in civil aviation, and his iconic status as a business leader who was often at odds with labour unions and the government.
Javid Nikpour
Javid Nikpour (born 1976) is an Iranian photojournalist and sports photographer.

He was photo manager of Iranian photographers in Four Olympic Games (Beijing, London, Rio and Tokyo) and Four Asian Games (Doha, Guangzhou, Incheon and Indonesia).

In 2015, Nikpour won first and third place in the Istanbul Photo Awards, and in 2016, he was one of the winners of the Award of Excellence in Pictures of the Year International. He won the Grand Prix of Paris Sport Photo in 2019.

Pictures of the Year International
Pictures of the Year International (POYi) is a professional development program for visual journalists run on a non-profit basis by the Missouri School of Journalism's Donald W. Reynolds Journalism Institute. POYi began as an annual competition for photojournalism in 1944. POYi promotes the work of documentary photographers and magazine, newspaper, and freelance photojournalists.

POYi's projects have included the Pictures of the Year International Competition, an annual contest for documentary photographers and photojournalists; career-development symposiums and visual workshops for professionals and college students; Visions of Excellence, a series of exhibitions of award-winning photography; and the POYi Archive, comprising over 38,000 historic photographs.
Outline of Chhattisgarh
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Chhattisgarh:

Chhattisgarh (/ˈtʃætɪsɡɑːr/; Hindi: [ˈtʃʰət̪ːiːsgəɽʱ]) is a landlocked state in Central India. It is the ninth largest state by area, and with a population of roughly 30 million, the seventeenth most populous. It borders seven states – Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the northwest, Maharashtra to the southwest, Jharkhand to the northeast, Odisha to the east, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the south. Formerly a part of Madhya Pradesh, it was granted statehood on 1 November 2000 with Raipur as the designated state capital.

Central India
Central India refers to a geographical region of India that generally includes the states of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.

The Central Zonal Council, established by the Government of India, includes these states as well as Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand to the north. The inclusion of Uttarakhand extends the region to the Himalayan border with Tibet/China.
Deb Shankar Ray
Deb Shankar Ray (born 2 January 1954) is an Indian physical chemist and professor at the department of physical chemistry of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata. He is known for his research on non-linear dynamics and theoretical spectroscopy and is an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, West Bengal Academy of Science and Technology, and the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1999, for his contributions to chemical sciences.

Indian National Science Academy
The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi for Indian scientists in all branches of science and technology.

In 2015 INSA has constituted a junior wing for young scientists in the country named Indian National Young Academy of Sciences (INYAS) in line with other national young academies. INYAS is the academy for young scientists in India as a national young academy and is affiliated with Global Young Academy. INYAS is also a signatory of the declaration on the Core Values of Young Academies, adopted at World Science Forum, Budapest on 20 November 2019. Prof.Shekhar C. Mande is the serving president (2026-present).
Togg
TOGG (stylised as Togg), acronym of Türkiye'nin Otomobili Girişim Grubu (lit. 'Turkey's Automobile Joint Venture Group'), is a Turkish automotive manufacturer of electric cars headquartered in Şişli, Istanbul, Turkey. The company was founded as a joint venture by five Turkish companies in 2018. An assembly plant was opened in 2022 in Gemlik, Bursa province, next to Togg's subsidiary Siro which produces the lithium-ion batteries. Sales of the first vehicle, the Togg T10X, started in March 2023.

Şişli
Şişli (pronounced [ˈʃiʃli]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 10 km2, and its population is 276,528 (2022). Located on the European side of the city, it is bordered by Beşiktaş to the east, Sarıyer to the north, Eyüp and Kağıthane to the west, and Beyoğlu to the south. It is also the name of a specific area of Şişli district centered on the Sişli Mosque.
Washington Black (TV series)
Washington Black is a drama miniseries created by Selwyn Seyfu Hinds for the streaming service Hulu. It stars Ernest Kinglsey Jr., Eddie Karanja, Rupert Graves, Iola Evans, Edward Bluemel, Sharon Duncan-Brewster, Tom Ellis, and Sterling K. Brown. Adapted from the book of the same name by Esi Edugyan, the series is set in the 19th century and follows the story of a young Black inventor who travels across the world, discovering more about himself and his passion for invention.

Washington Black was released on Hulu on July 23, 2025. It received generally positive reviews from critics.

Sharon Duncan-Brewster
Sharon Duncan-Brewster (born 8 February 1976) is a British actress. She is known for her role as Imperial Planetologist Dr. Liet-Kynes in Denis Villeneuve's 2021 adaptation of Frank Herbert's Dune, and before that as Crystal Gordon in Bad Girls during the first four series (1999–2002); her role as Trina Johnson on EastEnders (2009); and her role as Maggie Cain in the autumn 2009 Doctor Who special, "The Waters of Mars". More recently, she has played Weyland-Yutani scientist Albrecht in Alien: Containment (2019), Senator Tynnra Pamlo across the Star Wars franchise, and a version of Professor Moriarty in Enola Holmes 2 (2022).
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a spectroscopy technique used to characterize atomic-level structure and dynamics in solid materials. ssNMR spectra are broader due to nuclear spin interactions which can be categorized as dipolar coupling, chemical shielding, quadrupolar interactions, and j-coupling. These interactions directly affect the lines shapes of experimental ssNMR spectra which can be seen in powder and dipolar patterns. There are many essential solid-state techniques alongside advanced ssNMR techniques that may be applied to elucidate the fundamental aspects of solid materials. ssNMR is often combined with magic angle spinning (MAS) to remove anisotropic interactions and improve the sensitivity of the technique. The applications of ssNMR further extend to biology and medicine.

Anisotropy
Anisotropy (/ˌænaɪˈsɒtrəpi, ˌænɪ-/) is the structural property of non-uniformity in different directions, as opposed to isotropy. An anisotropic object or pattern has properties that differ according to direction of measurement. For example, many materials exhibit very different physical or mechanical properties when measured along different axes, e.g. absorbance, refractive index, conductivity, and tensile strength.

An example of anisotropy is light coming through a polarizer. Another is wood, which is easier to split along its grain than across it because of the directional non-uniformity of the grain (the grain is the same in one direction, not all directions).
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 8th Essex district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 8th Essex district is one of 160 districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers the towns of Marblehead and Swampscott and part of the city of Lynn in Essex County. Democrat Jenny Armini of Marblehead has represented the district since 2023.

Swampscott, Massachusetts
Swampscott (/ˈswɒmpskət/) is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located 15 miles (24 km) up the coast from Boston in an area known as the North Shore. The population was 15,111 as of the 2020 United States census. A former summer resort on Massachusetts Bay, Swampscott is today a fairly affluent residential community and includes the village of Beach Bluff, as well as part of the neighborhood of Clifton.