hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chaplygin's equation
In gas dynamics, Chaplygin's equation, named after Sergei Alekseevich Chaplygin (1902), is a partial differential equation useful in the study of transonic flow. It is

Here,  is the speed of sound, determined by the equation of state of the fluid and conservation of energy. For polytropic gases, we have , where  is the specific heat ratio and  is the stagnation enthalpy, in which case the Chaplygin's equation reduces to

The Bernoulli equation (see the derivation below) states that maximum velocity occurs when specific enthalpy is at the smallest value possible; one can take the specific enthalpy to be zero corresponding to absolute zero temperature as the reference value, in which case  is the maximum attainable velocity. The particular integrals of above equation can be expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions.

Equation of state
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of pure substances and mixtures in liquids, gases, and solid states as well as the state of matter in the interior of stars. Though there are many equations of state, none accurately predicts properties of substances under all conditions. The quest for a universal equation of state has spanned three centuries.
Devi Priya
Shaik Khaja Hassan (15 August 1951 – 21 November 2020), popularly known by his pen name Devi Priya, was an Indian Telugu-language poet and journalist known for his political satire. He was a recipient of the 2017 Sahitya Akademi Award for his work Gaali Rangu (English: Color of the Wind). Some of his famous works included Adhyakshaa Mannichandi (English: Pardon Me, President), Gareebi Geetaalu (English: Songs of Poverty), and Amma Chettu Chepa Chiluka (English: Mother, Tree, Fish, and Parrot).

Sahitya Akademi Award
The Sahitya Akademi Award  is a literary  honour in India,  which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 languages of the 8th Schedule to the Indian constitution as well as in English and Rajasthani language.

Established in 1954, the award comprises a plaque and a cash prize of ₹ 100,000. The award's purpose is to recognise and promote excellence in Indian writing and acknowledge new trends. The annual process of selecting awardees runs for the preceding 12 months. The plaque awarded by the Sahitya Akademi was designed by the Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray. Prior to this, the plaque occasionally was made of marble, but this practice was discontinued because of its excessive weight. During the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, the plaque was substituted with national savings bonds.
Paul Taublieb
Paul Taublieb is an American director, writer, and producer best known for films such as The Vow and the Emmy Award-winning documentaries "Unchained: The Untold Story of Freestyle MotoCross" and "Hawaiian: The Legend of Eddie Aikau" (part of ESPN's 30 for 30 series).

Eddie Aikau
Edward Ryan Makuahanai Aikau (May 4, 1946 – March 17, 1978) was a Hawaiian lifeguard and surfer. As the first lifeguard at Waimea Bay on the island of Oahu, he saved over 500 people and became famous for surfing the big Hawaiian surf, winning several awards including the 1977 Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championship. The Eddie Aikau Big Wave Invitational ("The Eddie") is named in his honor. He was also a crew member on the Polynesian voyaging canoe Hōkūleʻa.
Jane Altschwager
Jane Altschwager (born 25 August 1980) is a former Australia netball international. During the Commonwealth Bank Trophy era, Altschwager made 81 senior appearances for Adelaide Thunderbirds, Sydney Swifts and Hunter Jaegers. Between 1999 and 2004, she was a member of three premiership winning squads – 1999 with Thunderbirds and 2001 and 2004 with Swifts. During the ANZ Championship era she re-joined Thunderbirds and also played for Central Pulse.
Altschwager captained both Jaegers and Pulse. After retiring as a netball player,  Altschwager went on to play women's Australian rules football for North Adelaide in the SANFL Women's League.

Sydney Swifts
Sydney Swifts were an Australian netball team based in Sydney. Between 1997 and 2007 they represented Netball New South Wales in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy league. Together with Sydney Sandpipers and Hunter Jaegers they were one of three teams to represent NNSW in the competition. After Melbourne Phoenix, Swifts were the league's second most successful team, winning four premierships and three minor premierships. In 2008, when the Commonwealth Bank Trophy was replaced by the ANZ Championship, Swifts and Jaegers merged to form New South Wales Swifts.
Uckermark War (1412–1415)
Uckermark War was a military conflict fought in Uckermark and Mittelmark in Brandenburg, between October 1412 and 16 December 1415. It was fought by Pomerania-Stettin against the Margraviate of Brandenburg and Pomerania-Wolgast. The war was won by Brandenburg, with them annexing Uckermark.

Mittelmark
The Mittelmark (German pronunciation: [ˈmɪtl̩ˌmaʁk], lit. 'Middle March') is a historical region in eastern Germany that was the core territory of the Margrave of Brandenburg between the Oder and Elbe rivers.

The name refers to the location of the territory between the Altmark (Old March) and the Neumark (New March) and it lay roughly in the area of the earlier Nordmark.

The name of Mittelmark was used for a short-lived province of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1713 and again from 1993 to the present for the district of Potsdam-Mittelmark in the German state of Brandenburg. However, the southern part of the district containing Bad Belzig did not historically belong to Mittelmark, it was instead a part of Saxony.
Isle of Man Examiner
The Isle of Man Examiner is a newspaper in the Isle of Man.

The paper is published every Tuesday, and is owned by Isle of Man Newspapers, which is now part of the Tindle Group.

Popular features include business news, the Final Whistle sports supplement and Terry Cringle's Times Past column.

Its sister weekly newspaper titles are the Isle of Man Courier and the Manx Independent.

The Examiner began in 1880 and was the island's most popular newspaper for most of the 20th century. It is still the biggest-selling newspaper on the Isle of Man.

On 10 May 2011, after 131 years, the Isle of Man Examiner changed its format from broadsheet to tabloid.

Isle of Man Courier
The Isle of Man Courier is a free weekly newspaper on the Isle of Man.

It is owned by Isle of Man Newspapers (now part of Tindle Newspapers) and its sister newspapers are the Isle of Man Examiner and the Manx Independent.
Paseo de Aguas
The Paseo de Aguas is a promenade located in Jirón Madera of Rímac District, Lima, Peru. It was built between 1770 and 1776 by Viceroy Manuel de Amat y Juniet. Located nearby are the Alameda de los Descalzos and the Acho bullring. It has the colonial part of the main arch and remains of the side wall dating from the 18th century, as well as gardens, fountains, games and waterfalls. It was remodeled in 2014.

Alameda de los Descalzos
The Alameda de los Descalzos is an alameda located in Rímac District, Lima, Peru. One of the best-known places in the district, around it stand—among other buildings—the churches of Santa Liberata, El Patrocinio and Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles. Nearby is also the place where Micaela Villegas's Mill House was located. It measures about 450 m.
Farm to Market Road 270
Farm to Market Road 270 (FM 270) is a farm to market road in the U.S. state of Texas, located in the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. The road is known locally as Egret Bay Boulevard.

The short highway travels northwest (parallel to Interstate 45) from FM 646 (future SH 99) in League City, crossing over Clear Creek at the Galveston– Harris county line, to NASA Road 1 west of the Johnson Space Center.

Clear Creek (Harris County, Texas)
Clear Creek is a small river in Southeast Texas in the United States, which channels much of the run-off in southeast Harris County into Clear Lake and Galveston Bay. Much of the length of the stream forms the boundary between Harris County and Galveston County and all of the boundary with Brazoria County. It originates in the Blue Ridge Oilfield in Fort Bend County.
Richard Neutze
Richard Neutze (born 5 July 1969) is a biophysicist from New Zealand, and a Professor of Biochemistry in the Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology at the University of Gothenburg in Gothenburg, Sweden. He has contributed to the X-ray crystallography of biomolecules, including proposing the idea of diffract before destroy with Janos Hajdu and others, which contributed to the invention of serial femtosecond crystallography.

Janos Hajdu (biophysicist)
Janos Hajdu (born 17 September 1948) is a Swedish/Hungarian scientist, who has made contributions to biochemistry, biophysics, and the science of X-ray free-electron lasers. He is a professor of molecular biophysics at Uppsala University and a leading scientist at the European Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC in Prague.
Long Live Rock
"Long Live Rock" is a 1979 single by the Who, written by Pete Townshend and recorded in 1972. A different version of the song was performed by Billy Fury's character in the film That'll Be the Day (a film which featured Who drummer Keith Moon).

The original Who recording of the song was not released until the 1974 rarities album Odds & Sods.  It was subsequently released as a single in 1979.

Billy Fury
Ronald Wycherley (17 April 1940 – 28 January 1983), known professionally as Billy Fury, was an English musician. An early star of rock and roll, he spent 332 weeks on the UK singles chart. His hit singles include "Wondrous Place", "Halfway to Paradise" and "Jealousy". Fury also maintained a film career, notably playing rock performers in Play It Cool in 1962 and That'll Be the Day in 1973.

AllMusic journalist Bruce Eder stated that Fury's "mix of rough-hewn good looks and unassuming masculinity, coupled with an underlying vulnerability, all presented with a good voice and some serious musical talent, helped turn [him] into a major rock and roll star in short order". Others have suggested that his rapid rise to prominence was due to his "Elvis-influenced hip swivelling and, at times, highly suggestive stage act".
Monica Conyers
Monica Ann Conyers (Esters, October 31, 1964) is an American politician from Detroit, Michigan. Elected to the  Detroit City Council in 2005, she was elected by its members to serve as president pro tempore of the council for the four-year term. She was convicted of accepting bribes in 2009 and sentenced to 37 months in prison.

Detroit City Council
The Detroit City Council is the legislative body of Detroit, Michigan, United States.  The full-time council is required to meet every business day for at least 10 months of the year, with at least eight of these meetings occurring at a location besides city hall. The Detroit City Council most recently elected James Tate to be its president. The council may convene for special meetings at the call of the mayor or of at least four members of council.
Azadari in Lucknow
Azadari in Lucknow or Mourning in Lucknow, is name of the practices related to mourning and commemoration of the anniversary of the death of Imam Husayn ibn Ali at the Battle of Karbala in 680, particularly in period of Muharram (in the Indian sub-continent Muharram in the context of remembrance of the events of Karbala means the period of two months & eight days i.e. 68 days starting from the evening of 29 Zill-Hijjah and ending on the evening of 8 Rabi-al-Awwal) and in general round the year.

The Government of Uttar Pradesh banned the processions in 1977 because of riots and violence. As a result of protests, demonstrations, court arrests, self immolations and deaths of Shia youth, under the leadership of shia ulemas, the Shias were permitted by the government to stage an Azadari procession in January 1998 (21st of Ramzan). A limited number of processions are allowed, and security is tight.

Tatbir
Tatbir (Arabic: تطبير, romanized: Taṭbīr) is a form of self-flagellation rituals practiced by some Shia Muslims in commemoration of the killing of Imam Husayn ibn Ali and his partisans in the Battle of Karbala by forces of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I (r. 680–683).

The ritual is practiced in the Islamic month of Muharram, usually on Ashura. Tatbir involves striking oneself with chains or swords. It has been considered haram ("forbidden") by some of the Shia clergy, who cite it as self-harm.
Edward Young Clarke
Edward Young Clarke was the Imperial Wizard pro tempore of the Ku Klux Klan from 1915 to 1922. Prior to his Klan activities, Clarke headed the Atlanta-based Southern Publicity Association. He later served as the president of Monarch Publishing, a book publishing company.

Pro tempore
Pro tempore (/ˌproʊ ˈtɛmpəri, -ˌreɪ/), abbreviated pro tem or p.t., is a Latin phrase which best translates to 'for the time being' in English. This phrase is often used to describe a person who acts as a locum tenens 'placeholder'. The phrase is also used to describe officers appointed on a temporary basis, prior to the formalisation of their appointments.
The Sunflower Boys
The Sunflower Boys is a 2025 debut novel by Sam Wachman. The novel is a bildungsroman set in modern Ukraine before and during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It received positive reviews. Praise for The Sunflower Boys focused on its depictions of LGBTQ rights in Ukraine and the 2022 siege of Chernihiv.

Siege of Chernihiv
The Siege of Chernihiv was a military engagement in the city of Chernihiv, in Chernihiv Oblast in the north of Ukraine. It began on 24 February 2022, as part of the northern Ukraine offensive, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 4 April 2022, Ukrainian authorities stated that the Russian military had left Chernihiv Oblast.

The city was about 70% destroyed due to the siege.
Bower Place
Bower Place (also known as Bower Place Shopping Centre) is a shopping centre located in Red Deer, Alberta, Canada.

It has more than 110 stores and services including H&M, and Shoppers Drug Mart. The mall underwent a $55 million redevelopment that commenced in September 2004 and was completed in August 2009.

The mall underwent another renovation of a former Target Canada location following the company's bankruptcy and vacating (it had previously been a Zeller's location). The renovated and expanded wing opened in December 2019, with Marshalls, Shoppers Drug Mart, and Sunterra Market as anchor tenants. The mall had a major anchor vacancy in the former Sears Canada location, which closed in 2018 until Motion Fitness took over the vacant space in 2022 and Ardene in 2023.

Marshalls
Marshalls, Inc. is an American chain of off-price department stores owned by TJX. Marshalls has over 1,000 American stores, including larger stores named Marshalls Mega Store (stores operating with HomeGoods combined), covering 49 states and Puerto Rico, and 61 stores in Canada. Marshalls first expanded into Canada in March 2011.

Marshalls is one of the largest U.S. off-price family apparel and home fashion retailers, along with its sister company, TJ Maxx. Its slogan is "Get the good stuff".
HD 106906 b
HD 106906 b is a directly imaged planetary-mass companion and exoplanet orbiting the star HD 106906, in the constellation Crux at about 336 ± 13 light-years (103 ± 4 pc) from Earth. It is estimated to be about eleven times the mass of Jupiter and is located about 738 AU away from its host star. HD 106906 b is an oddity; while its mass estimate is nominally consistent with identifying it as an exoplanet, it appears at a much wider separation from its parent star than thought possible for in-situ formation from a protoplanetary disk.

Protoplanetary disk
A protoplanetary disk is a rotating circumstellar disc of dense gas and dust surrounding a young newly formed  star, a T Tauri star, or Herbig Ae/Be star. The protoplanetary disk may not be considered an accretion disk; while the two are similar, an accretion disk is hotter and spins much faster; it is also found on black holes, not stars. This process should not be confused with the accretion process thought to build up the planets themselves. Externally illuminated photo-evaporating protoplanetary disks are called proplyds.
Operation Snoopy
Operation Snoopy was an operation launched by Rhodesia in response to Air Rhodesia Flight 825 being shot down by a communist backed insurgent group, the ZIPRA. The operation took place in Mozambique, where many of the ZANLA's camps were located, particularly in the area in and around Chimoio.

Chimoio
Chimoio [ʃiˈmoju] is the capital of Manica Province in Mozambique. It is the fifth-largest city in Mozambique.

Chimoio's name under Portuguese administration was Vila Pery. Vila Pery developed under Portuguese rule as an important agricultural and textiles centre.

The town lies on the railway line from Beira to Bulawayo, near the Cabeça do Velho rock and the Chimanimani National Park. Located about 95 km from the Zimbabwean border, it has been a major destination for Zimbabwean immigrants looking for employment in Mozambique.
Pachycormus discolor
Pachycormus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the cashew family commonly known as the Baja elephant tree, torote blanco, or copalquín. The single species Pachycormus discolor is endemic to the Baja California peninsula, with three varieties. This sarcocaulescent tree or shrub is characterized by its unique gnarled growth habit, skin-like exfoliating bark, and succulent nature, whose appearance has been colorfully described as "the proboscis of an elephant holding a nosegay," a "huge radish protruding from the ground," or "grotesque resemblances of the flexed limbs of a corpulent human being." This drought-deciduous species spends most of the year dormant, but following rains pinnate green leaves emerge, and in the late spring to summer the leaves yellow, fall, and give way to bright red, cream, or pink flowers that give it a striking appearance in bloom.

Baja California peninsula
The Baja California peninsula (Spanish: Península de Baja California, lit. 'Lower California peninsula') is a peninsula in northwestern Mexico. It separates the Gulf of California from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula extends from Mexicali, Baja California, in the north to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, in the south.

With a length of 1,247 km (775 miles), its width ranges from 40 km (25 miles) at its narrowest to 320 km (200 miles) at its widest point and has approximately 3,000 km (1,900 miles) of coastline and approximately 65 islands. The total area of the Baja California peninsula is 143,390 km2 (55,360 sq mi).

The peninsula is separated from mainland Mexico by the Gulf of California and the Colorado River. There are four main desert areas on the peninsula: the San Felipe Desert, the Central Coast Desert, the Vizcaíno Desert, and the Magdalena Plain Desert.
Wacław Wąsowicz
Wacław Wąsowicz (25 August 1891 – 6 October 1942) was a Polish painter and printmaker.

Wacław Wasowicz studied art with Wojciech Gerson (1909–1910), afterwards he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Warsaw (1911–1914), where he was taught by Ignacy Pieńkowski. He had also studied at the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, where he was a student of Jacek Malczewski (1914). He had made his artwork using trompe-l'œil, printmaking, watercolour, he painted on fabric, and on ceramic.

His wife Janina Raabe-Wąsowiczowa was a social worker, and a member of the Konrad Żegota Committee.

Portrait of Lady with Tulips  (1921)

Portrait of Wife  (1928)

Jacek Malczewski
Jacek Malczewski (Polish: [ˈjat͡sɛk malˈt͡ʂɛfskʲi] ⓘ; 15 July 1854 – 8 October 1929) was a Polish symbolist painter who was one of the central figures of the patriotic Young Poland movement.

His works combined the predominant style of his time with historical motifs of Polish martyrdom, the romantic aspiration for national independence, Christian and Greek mythology, folk tales, and his love of the natural world.

He was the father of painter Rafał Malczewski.
MV Free Enterprise III
MV Free Enterprise III was a Ro-Pax vessel built in 1966 as a cross-channel ferry, operated by Townsend Thoresen mainly on the Calais and Zeebrugge routes from Dover. She was sold to Egyptian owners in 1986 and wrecked in the Red Sea in 2004.

Like many of the other Townsend fleet, The Free Enterprise III was designed by naval architect Wallace James Ayers.

Zeebrugge
Zeebrugge (Dutch pronunciation: [zeːˈbrʏɣə] ⓘ; from Brugge aan zee [ˌbrʏɣə ʔaːn ˈzeː], meaning "Bruges-on-Sea"; French: Zeebruges, pronounced [zebʁyʒ]) is a village on the coast of Belgium and a subdivision of Bruges, for which it is the modern port. Zeebrugge serves as both the international port of Bruges-Zeebrugge and a seafront resort with hotels, cafés, a marina and a beach.
Pulaha
Pulaha (Sanskrit: पुलह, romanized: Pulaha) is a character in Hindu mythology. He is the son of Brahma, the creator god, and also one of the Saptarshi (seven great sages), in the first Manvantara (age of Manu), with others being Marichi, Atri, Angiras, Kratu, Pulastya, and Vasishtha. In another classification, Pulaha is one of the ten Prajapatis, the progenitors of creation created by Brahma. The race of the kimpurushas are the children of Pulaha, according to the Mahabharata.

Pulastya
Pulastya (Sanskrit: पुलस्त्य) is one of the ten Prajapati, and one of the mind-born sons of Brahma in Hinduism. He is also one of the Saptarishi (Seven great sages) in the first age of Manu, the Manvantara.
Burke Road
Burke Road is a major north–south thoroughfare in Melbourne, Australia. It runs from Ivanhoe East to Caulfield East and through the major shopping district at Camberwell.

It is aligned with the western boundary of Elgar's Special Survey, and does not conform to the 1 mile (1.6 km) interval cadastral survey grid for Melbourne.

Caulfield East
Caulfield East is an inner suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 10 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Glen Eira local government area. Caulfield East recorded a population of 1,293 at the 2021 census.

The suburb contains landmarks such as the Caulfield Racecourse, Caulfield railway station, the Caulfield Campus of Monash University and Glen Eira College. The suburb is bounded by Booran Road and Kambrook Road to the west, Dandenong Road to the north, Grange Road to the east and Neerim Road to the south.
John Hartwell Cocke Sr.
John Hartwell Cocke (November 25, 1749 – February 9, 1791) was a Virginia planter, lawyer and politician from Surry County who served one term in the Virginia House of Delegates as well as in the Virginia Ratifying Convention, both after fighting as a Virginia militiaman in the Revolutionary War. Cocke also held multiple county offices, including as justice of the peace, and as County Lieutenant from 1787 until his (early) death.

Surry County, Virginia
Surry County is a county in the southeastern part of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,561.

In 1652, Surry County was formed from the portion of James City County south of the James River. For more than 350 years it has depended on an agricultural economy. The county has 19 sites listed on the National Register, including a landmark occupied in 1676 known as Bacon's Castle and Chippokes Plantation (now a state park). The Jamestown Ferry provides easy access to Virginia's Historic Triangle, featuring Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown, linked by the National Park Service's Colonial Parkway.

The county is known for farming, curing Virginia Hams, and harvesting lumber, notably Virginia pine.