hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Clerk Maxwell Medal and Prize
The James Clerk Maxwell Medal and Prize is awarded by the Institute of Physics (IOP) in theoretical physics. The award is made "for exceptional early-career contributions to theoretical (including mathematical and computational) physics." It was awarded every two years between 1962 and 1970 and has since been awarded annually. It is named in honour of James Clerk Maxwell.

The first medal was awarded in 1962 to Abdus Salam. Past recipients include subsequent Nobel Prize in Physics laureates (Abdus Salam, David Thouless, Anthony James Leggett, John Michael Kosterlitz) and Lucasian Professors of Mathematics (Stephen Hawking, Michael Green, and Michael Cates).

J. Michael Kosterlitz
John Michael Kosterlitz (born June 22, 1943) is a British-American physicist. He is a professor of physics at Brown University and the son of biochemist Hans Kosterlitz. He was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics along with David Thouless and Duncan Haldane for work on condensed matter physics.
Liza Picard
Elizabeth Kate Picard (née Sleigh; 11 October 1927 – 8 April 2022) was an English lawyer and historian. After retiring as a solicitor at the Inland Revenue, she turned to writing history as a hobby. In 1997 she published Restoration London, the first of several works on the social history of London.

Inland Revenue
The Inland Revenue was, until April 2005, a department of the British Government responsible for the collection of direct taxation, including income tax, national insurance contributions, capital gains tax, inheritance tax, corporation tax, petroleum revenue tax and stamp duty. More recently, the Inland Revenue also administered the Tax Credits schemes, whereby monies, such as Working Tax Credit (WTC) and Child Tax Credit (CTC), are paid by the government into a recipient's bank account or as part of their wages. The Inland Revenue was also responsible for the payment of child benefit (from 1999).

The Inland Revenue was merged with HM Customs and Excise to form HM Revenue and Customs which came into existence on 18 April 2005. The current name was promoted by the use of the expression "from Revenue and Customs" in a series of annual radio, and to a lesser extent, television public information broadcasts in the 2000s and 2010s.
Venice at Dawn
Venice At Dawn is a 2022 British romantic drama film written and directed by Jamie Adams, starring Greta Bellamacina, Fabien Frankel and Tanya Burr.

Venice At Dawn had its world premiere at the Everyman Cinema in Broadgate, London on 30 August 2022, and is set to be released in the United Kingdom on 10 December 2023 by Amazon Prime.

Amazon Prime
Amazon Prime (styled as prime) is a paid subscription service of Amazon which is available in many countries and gives users access to additional services otherwise unavailable or available at a premium to other Amazon customers. Founded on February 2, 2005, services include logistics through same, one- or two-day delivery of goods, healthcare through the optional perk of One Medical primary care services, entertainment through streaming music, video, e-books, gaming, and grocery shopping services. In April 2021, Amazon reported that Prime had 200 million subscribers worldwide.
Elena Mikhnenko
Elena Nestorovna Mikhnenko (Russian: Елена Несторовна Михненко; 1922–1993) was the daughter of the Ukrainian anarchist revolutionaries Nestor Makhno and Halyna Kuzmenko. Born in exile, she spent her early life in France, where she was living at the outbreak of World War II. Following the occupation of France, Mikhnenko was captured and conscripted into forced labour in Nazi Germany. She was subsequently arrested by Soviet state security, which first imprisoned her for "anti-Soviet agitation" and then exiled her to the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. She lived and worked in Kazakhstan for the rest of her life.

Anti-Soviet agitation
Anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda (ASA) (Russian: антисове́тская агита́ция и пропага́нда, АСА) was a criminal offence in the Soviet Union. Initially, the term was interchangeably used with counter-revolutionary agitation. The latter term was in use immediately after the October Revolution of 1917. The offence was codified in criminal law in the 1920s, and revised in the 1950s in two articles of the Russian SFSR Criminal Code. The offence was widely used against Soviet dissidents.
Abd-al-Ghaffar Mauvi
Abd-al-Ghaffar Mauvi or Abdul Ghaffar Mauwi (1866–1923) was an Indian Deobandi scholar. He served as a local Islamic teacher in Mau and Ballia districts, Uttar Pradesh. He obtained certificates, in particular, in the field of hadith from the illustrious Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi in 1889.  His famous students, among others, were Allama Muhammad Ibrahim Balyawi and Maulana Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami. Maulana Abd al-Ghaffar Mauvi wrote approximately forty books including a few of them published.

Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
Rashīd Aḥmad ibn Hidāyat Aḥmad Ayyūbī Anṣārī Gangohī (12 June 1826 – 11 August 1905) was an Indian Deobandi Islamic scholar, a leading figure of the Deobandi movement,  jurist and scholar of hadith, author of Fatawa-e-Rashidiya. His lineage reaches back to Abu Ayyub al-Ansari.

Along with Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi he was a pupil of Mamluk Ali Nanautawi. Both studied the books of hadith under Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi and later became Sufi disciples of Haji Imdadullah. His lectures on Sahih al-Bukhari and Jami` at-Tirmidhi were recorded by his student Muhammad Yahya Kandhlawi, later edited, arranged, and commented on by Zakariyya Kandhlawi, and published as Lami al-Darari ala Jami al-Bukhari and Al-Kawakib al-Durri sharh Jami al-Tirmidhi.
The Ugly (2025 film)
The Ugly (Korean: 얼굴) is a 2025 South Korean mystery thriller film written and directed by Yeon Sang-ho. Based on director Yeon's 2018 graphic novel of the same name, the film stars Park Jeong-min in dual roles as Im Young-gyu, a blind yet extraordinarily skilled artisan, and his son, Im Dong-hwan, as he unearths long-buried truths surrounding the mysterious death of Dong-hwan’s mother—hidden for four decades. The cast also includes Kwon Hae-hyo, Shin Hyun-been, Im Seong-jae, and Han Ji-hyun.

The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2025. It was released in South Korea on September 11, 2025, by Plus M Entertainment.

Yeon Sang-ho
Yeon Sang-ho (born December 25, 1977) is a South Korean film director and screenwriter. He gained international popularity for working his adult animated films The King of Pigs (2011) and The Fake (2013), and the live-action film Train to Busan (2016), its animated prequel Seoul Station (2016) and live-action sequel Peninsula (2020), and first South Korean superhero film Psychokinesis (2018).
KEUC
KEUC (104.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Ringwood, Oklahoma, United States. The station is currently owned by Oklahoma Catholic Broadcasting, Inc.

KEUC broadcasts a Catholic Religious format to the Ringwood, Oklahoma, area.

Ringwood, Oklahoma
Ringwood is a town in Major County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 401 at the 2020 census, down from 497 in 2010. The town was given its name because it was once ringed by woods from northwest to southeast.
1863 Wisconsin Supreme Court Chief Justice election
The 1863 Wisconsin Supreme Court Chief Justice election was held on Tuesday, April 3, 1863, to elect the chief justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Incumbent chief justice Luther S. Dixon  was re-elected.

Luther S. Dixon
Luther Swift Dixon (June 17, 1825 – December 6, 1891) was an American lawyer, jurist, and Wisconsin pioneer.  He was the 4th chief justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, serving from 1859 to 1874.  He previously served as a Wisconsin circuit court judge and district attorney in Columbia County, Wisconsin.
Wedding Night in Paradise (1962 film)
Wedding Night in Paradise (German: Hochzeitsnacht im Paradies) is a 1962 Austrian musical comedy film directed by Paul Martin and starring Peter Alexander, Marika Rökk and Waltraut Haas. Along with a number of films of the era it also features a performance by the Kessler Sisters.

It is an operetta film based on the 1942 stage work of the same title. A previous film adaptation had been made in 1950.

The film was made with backing from the West German distributor Gloria Film. It was shot at the Sievering Studios in Vienna and on location in Venice. The film's sets were designed by Fritz Jüptner-Jonstorff and Alexander Sawczynski. It was made using Eastmancolor.

Marika Rökk
Marika Rökk (German: [ma.ˈʁiː.ka ˈʁœk] ⓘ; born Marie Karoline Rökk, 3 November 1913 – 16 May 2004) was a German-Austrian dancer, singer and actress of Hungarian descent who gained prominence in German films in the Nazi era. She resumed her career in 1947 and was one of Europe's most famous operetta singers, performing onstage until 1986.
WOMC
WOMC (104.3 FM, "104.3 WOMC") is a commercial radio station licensed to Detroit, Michigan. It airs a classic hits radio format and is owned by Audacy, Inc. The studios are located on American Drive off 11 Mile Road in Southfield, Michigan. The transmitter is located on Woodward Heights Blvd. in Ferndale.

WOMC is a Class B FM station. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 190,000 watts from a height above average terrain (HAAT) of 361 feet (110 meters). It is grandfathered at a much higher power than would be permitted today for Class B stations, 50,000 watts. WOMC broadcasts using HD Radio technology. The HD2 digital subchannel carries a simulcast of WFDF (910 AM), airing a conservative talk format.

Conservative talk radio
Conservative talk radio is a talk radio format in the United States and other countries devoted to expressing conservative viewpoints of issues, as opposed to progressive talk radio. The definition of conservative talk is generally broad enough that libertarian talk show hosts are also included. The format has become the dominant form of talk radio in the United States since the 1987 abolition of the fairness doctrine.

In the United States, the format has included personalities such as Rush Limbaugh, Mark Levin, Glenn Beck, Ben Shapiro, Sean Hannity, Charlie Kirk, Michael Savage, Larry Elder, Dennis Prager, Jim Quinn, Lars Larson, Joe Pags, Bill O'Reilly, Laura Ingraham, Michael Medved, Oliver North, Dan Bongino, Ken Matthews, and Jerry Doyle.
Dasycrotapha
Dasycrotapha is a genus of bird in the family Zosteropidae.

It contains the following species:

Flame-templed babbler (Dasycrotapha speciosa)

Mindanao pygmy babbler (Dasycrotapha plateni)

Visayan pygmy babbler (Dasycrotapha pygmaea)

Mindanao pygmy babbler
The Mindanao pygmy babbler (Dasycrotapha plateni) is a bird species endemic to the Philippines. It had been placed in the family Timaliidae, but it is a close relative of the white-eyes, however, and many taxonomists now place it in the family Zosteropidae..

Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and tropical moist montane forests up to 1,100 meters above sea level. It is often seen in mixed flocks with other forest birds. It has been classified by the IUCN as Near-threatened due to habitat loss.
New Path
The New Path  (YY; Turkish: Yeni Yol) is a Turkish political party that was founded by the Felicity Party (SP), Democracy and Progress Party (DEVA) and the Future Party (GP) to create a joint parliamentary group. The party's chairman is İzzettin Küçük. In the Turkish Grand National Assembly, it has a total of 21 deputies—20 under its own structure and 1 from the founding parties. With this number, it constitutes the sixth-largest group in the parliament.

Although New Path is officially a political party, it primarily serves as a parliamentary group uniting Saadet, Gelecek, and DEVA, which have different political views. These parties maintain their unique political identities, ideologies, and programs while cooperating on common issues. This structure aims to create a more effective opposition bloc, exert greater influence on parliamentary decision-making processes, and better represent various social segments.

Democracy and Progress Party
The Democracy and Progress Party (Turkish: Demokrasi ve Atılım Partisi, DEVA) is a Turkish political party founded on 9 March 2020 under the leadership of Ali Babacan, a former economy minister under the AKP. The official abbreviation is "DEVA" (Remedy in Turkish) according to the party records. The party's logo is a water droplet, inside a silhouette of sapling.
Mike Green (footballer, born May 1989)
Michael James Green (born 12 May 1989) is an English former professional footballer who played as a full back.

He played non-League football for Brockenhurst, Christchurch, Eastleigh, and Totton before he was signed to Port Vale in July 2011. With Totton, he won the Southern League Division One South & West in 2010–11 and twice lifted the Hampshire Senior Cup. He was loaned back to Eastleigh in October 2011, and the deal was made permanent a month later. He helped the club to the Conference South title in 2013–14. He left the club briefly in February 2017 before returning following a change in management. He ended his ten-year stay at Eastleigh and moved on to Havant & Waterlooville in June 2021. He had spells with Dorchester Town, Lymington Town and Totton in 2022.

Havant & Waterlooville F.C.
Havant & Waterlooville Football Club is a professional association football club based in Havant, Hampshire, England. The club participates in the Southern League Premier Division South, the seventh level of English football, after relegation from the National League South in the 2023–24 season. The club formed in 1998 after a merger between Havant Town and Waterlooville. Nicknamed "The Hawks", they play at Westleigh Park.
CBC Calgary
CBC Calgary refers to:

CBR (AM) and CBR-1-FM, CBC Radio One on 1010 AM and 99.1 FM

CBR-FM, CBC Radio 2 on 102.1 FM

CBRT-DT, CBC Television on channel 9

SRC Calgary refers to:

CBRF-FM, Ici Radio-Canada Première on 103.9 FM, rebroadcasts CHFA

CBCX-FM, Ici Musique on 89.7 FM

CBRFT, Ici Radio-Canada Télé on channel 16, rebroadcasts CBXFT

CHFA-FM
CHFA-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts the programming of Radio-Canada's Ici Radio-Canada Première network in Edmonton, Alberta.

The station was launched in 1949 by a local non-profit consortium to bring French radio service to Edmonton, and was directly acquired by the network in 1974.

The station serves the entire province of Alberta from its studios in Edmonton, although it also maintains a smaller bureau in Calgary. For most of its history, the station broadcast on the AM band on 680 kHz. On January 20, 2012, it was announced that Radio-Canada planned to close down CHFA's AM transmitter on 680, with its nested FM repeater in Edmonton, CHFA-10-FM on 101.1 MHz, swapping places with the much-stronger Espace musique station CBCX-FM-1 at 90.1 MHz. This application was approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission on June 22, 2012.
William Urban
William Urban is an American historian specializing in the Baltic Crusades and Teutonic knights. He is the Lee L. Morgan Professor of History and International studies at Monmouth College. He served as an editor for the Journal of Baltic Studies from 1990 to 1994.

He is the author of two books and numerous articles in academic journals.

Prior to beginning his teaching career at Monmouth College in 1966, he taught as an assistant professor at the University of Kansas 1965–1966.  He completed his undergraduate and graduate studies at the University of Texas at Austin.

Journal of Baltic Studies
The Journal of Baltic Studies, the official journal of the Association for the Advancement of Baltic Studies (AABS), is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary academic journal founded in 1970 and published quarterly by Routledge. It is dedicated to the political, social, economic, and cultural life of the Baltic region and its history. Its current editor is Matthew Kott, a historian and researcher at the Institute of Russian and Eurasian Studies at Uppsala University.
Introducing Lee Morgan
Introducing Lee Morgan is an album by jazz trumpeter Lee Morgan with Hank Mobley's quintet released on the Savoy label.  It was recorded on November 5 and 7, 1956, and features performances by Morgan with Hank Mobley, Hank Jones, Doug Watkins and Art Taylor.

Lee Morgan
Edward Lee Morgan (July 10, 1938 – February 19, 1972) was an American jazz trumpeter and composer. One of the key hard bop musicians of the 1960s and a cornerstone of the Blue Note label, Morgan came to prominence in his late teens, recording with bandleaders like John Coltrane, Curtis Fuller, Dizzy Gillespie, Hank Mobley and Wayne Shorter, and playing in Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers.

Morgan stayed with Blakey until 1961 and started to record as leader in the late '50s. Morgan's solo recordings often alternated between conventional hard bop sessions and more adventurous post-bop and avant-garde experiments, many of which did not see release during his lifetime. His composition "The Sidewinder", on the album of the same name, became a surprise crossover hit on the pop and R&B charts in 1964. After a second stint in Blakey's band, Morgan continued to work prolifically as both a leader and a sideman until his death in 1972.
Rollins Plays for Bird
Rollins Plays for Bird is a 1957 album by jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins, recorded for the Prestige label, featuring performances by Rollins with Kenny Dorham, Wade Legge, George Morrow and Max Roach on material associated with Charlie Parker.

Sonny Rollins
Walter Theodore "Sonny" Rollins (born September 7, 1930) is a retired American jazz tenor saxophonist who is widely recognized as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians.

In a seven-decade career, Rollins recorded more than sixty albums as a leader. A number of his compositions, including "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", and "Airegin", have become jazz standards. Rollins has been called "the greatest living improviser". Due to health problems, Rollins has not performed publicly since 2012 and announced his retirement in 2014.
USRC Wolcott (1873)
USRC Wolcott, the second ship of the name, sometimes referred to as USRC Oliver Wolcott, was a revenue cutter in commission in the United States Revenue-Marine from 1873 to 1894 and in the United States Revenue Cutter Service from 1894 to 1897. She served in the waters of the Territory of Alaska during her career. After her revenue cutter service, she operated as a merchant vessel until she was wrecked in 1900.

United States Revenue Cutter Service
The United States Revenue Cutter Service was established by an Act of Congress (1 Stat. 175) on 4 August 1790 as the Revenue-Marine at the recommendation of the nation's first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton.

The federal government body was initially created to serve as an armed customs enforcement service. Over time, however, the service gradually gained missions either voluntarily or by legislation, including those of a military nature. It was generally referred to as the Revenue-Marine until 31 July 1894, when it was officially renamed the Revenue Cutter Service. The Revenue Cutter Service operated under the authority of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. On 28 January 1915, the service was merged by an act of Congress with the United States Life-Saving Service to form the United States Coast Guard.
Arne Slettebak
Arne Edwin Slettebak (August 8, 1925 – May 20, 1999) was an American astronomer who served as chair of the astronomy department at the Ohio State University from 1962 to 1987 and director of the Perkins Observatory from 1959 to 1978.

Slettebak was born in the Free City of Danzig before emigrating to the United States at a young age. He obtained a degree in physics in 1945 and his doctorate in astronomy in 1949, the latter under the supervision of William Wilson Morgan with a thesis on O-type and B-type stars. Slettebak joined the Ohio State University shortly after graduating and was instrumental in re-establishing a separate astronomy department there. His principal research interests were in stellar rotation and Be stars, and he published over 90 papers, abstracts and articles.

The main-belt asteroid 9001 Slettebak, discovered in 1981, was named in his honour.

Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.

The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also undergo differential rotation. Thus the equator of the star can rotate at a different angular velocity than the higher latitudes. These differences in the rate of rotation within a star may have a significant role in the generation of a stellar magnetic field.

In its turn, the magnetic field of a star interacts with the stellar wind. As the wind moves away from the star its angular speed decreases. The magnetic field of the star interacts with the wind, which applies a drag to the stellar rotation. As a result, angular momentum is transferred from the star to the wind, and over time this gradually slows the star's rate of rotation.
Keith Wise
Keith Arthur John Wise (1 June 1926 – 31 March 2012), often referred to as K. A. J. Wise, was a New Zealand entomologist. Originally employed at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wise began working with the Bishop Museum in the early 1960s, coordinating field programmes for United States visits to Antarctica and Subantarctic islands. This work led Wise to identify and describe large numbers of novel species, including many species of springtail. In 1965, Wise became the first Curator of Entomology at the Auckland War Memorial Museum, where he was integral in creating the first entomology section within the natural history gallery.

Auckland War Memorial Museum
The Auckland War Memorial Museum (Māori: Tāmaki Paenga Hira), also known as Auckland Museum, is one of New Zealand's most important museums and war memorials. Its neoclassical building constructed in the 1920s and 1950s, stands on Observatory Hill, the remains of a dormant volcano, in the Auckland Domain, near Auckland CBD. Museum collections concentrate on New Zealand history (and especially the history of the Auckland Region), natural history, and military history.

Auckland Museum's collections and exhibits began in 1852. In 1867 Aucklanders formed a learned society—the Auckland Philosophical Society, soon renamed Auckland Institute. Within a few years Auckland Museum was transferred to Auckland Institute, thereafter known as Auckland Institute and Museum until 1996. Auckland War Memorial Museum was the name of the new building opened in 1929, but since 1996 it has been more commonly used for the institution as well. From 1991 to 2003 the Museum's Māori name was Te Papa Whakahiku.
Andy Currier
Andrew S. Currier is an English former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. A Great Britain national representative goal-kicking centre, he played most of his club rugby with English club Widnes as well as stints with Featherstone Rovers and the Australian team Balmain Tigers. At the time of his retirement, he was co-holder of the Widnes club record for most points in a match, with 34. He played out the last years of his career with English rugby union teams.

Featherstone Rovers
Featherstone Rovers is a professional rugby league club in Featherstone, West Yorkshire, England. The club last competed in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league, but were not granted RFL membership for the 2026 season due to the club's financial difficulties.

Featherstone Rovers won the League Championship once and Challenge Cup three times.

The club played home games at Post Office Road. Their local rivals were Castleford and Wakefield Trinity, and in the Championship, Halifax. The club's traditional home colours were white with blue hoops.