hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kublai Khan's campaigns
Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty, led several campaigns during the Mongol invasions and conquests. These included the Mongol invasions of Japan, First Mongol invasion of Burma, Mongol invasion of Java, second and third Mongol invasions of Vietnam, Mongol invasion of Champa and putting down the Sambyeolcho Rebellion.

Mongol invasions of Japan
Major military efforts were taken by Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty in 1274 and 1281 to conquer the Japanese archipelago after the submission of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo to vassaldom. Ultimately a failure, the invasion attempts are of macro-historical importance because they set a limit on Mongol expansion and rank as nation-defining events in the history of Japan. The invasions are referred to in many works of fiction and are the origin of the word kamikaze (神風  "divine wind"), first used to describe the typhoons that destroyed the Mongol invasion fleets in the 13th century. The term was later adopted in the 20th century to describe Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed their aircraft into enemy warships during the last years of World War II.

The invasions were one of the earliest cases of gunpowder warfare outside of China. One of the most notable technological innovations during the war was the use of explosive, hand-thrown bombs.
75th Carnatic Infantry
The 75th Carnatic Infantry were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. They could trace their origins to 1776, when they were raised as the 15th Carnatic Battalion by enlisting men from the 2nd, 6th and 12th Carnatic Battalions.

Their first action was during the Carnatic Wars. Followed by the Battle of Sholinghur in the Second Anglo-Mysore War, they also took part in the Third Anglo-Mysore War and the Third Burmese War.

After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments. In 1922, the 75th Carnatic Infantry became the 2nd Battalion, 3rd Madras Regiment. After independence this new regiment was allocated to the Indian Army.

62nd Punjabis
The 62nd Punjabis was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was raised in 1759 as the 3rd Battalion of Coast Sepoys, and formed part of the Madras Army. It was designated as the 62nd Punjabis in 1903 and became 1st Battalion 1st Punjab Regiment in 1922. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army, where it continues to exist as 1st battalion, Punjab Regiment. It is the senior-most surviving infantry battalion of the British Indian Army.
Mayors and Independents
Mayors and Independents (Czech: Starostové a nezávislí, STAN) is a liberal political party in the Czech Republic, focused on localism, regionalism and subsidiarity. It holds 20 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, and is the third strongest party by number of seats following the 2025 election. In the Senate, STAN is represented by 19 Senators.

The party grew out of four minor parties, including the Independent Mayors for the Region, and the liberal-conservative SNK European Democrats. Until 2016, the party cooperated in national elections with another liberal-conservative party, TOP 09. STAN contested the 2021 Czech parliamentary election as part of the coalition Pirates and Mayors with the Czech Pirate Party.

Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic
The Chamber of Deputies, officially the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic (Czech: Poslanecká sněmovna Parlamentu České republiky, PS PČR), is the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The chamber has 200 seats and deputies are elected for four-year terms using the party-list proportional representation system with the Imperiali and Hagenbach-Bischoff quotas. Since 2002, there have been 14 constituencies, matching the Czech regions, with district size varying from 8 to 26 representatives. A Cabinet is answerable to the Chamber of Deputies and the Prime Minister stays in office only as long as they retain the support of a majority of its members. The quorum is set by law to one third (67) of elected deputies. Any changes to the constitutional laws must be approved by at least 60 percent of the Chamber of Deputies. The seat of the Chamber of Deputies is the Thun Palace in Malá Strana, Prague.
2025 Russian strikes on Ukrainian training grounds
On 1 June 2025, at 12:50 local time, Russian forces launched a missile strike a training ground of the Ukrainian Army in the Dnipropetrovsk region, 100 km from the frontline inside Ukraine. The training ground was administered by the 239th training center based in Cherkasy. After the attack, the Commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces Major General Mykhailo Drapatyi resigned from his post.

Commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces
The commander of the Ukrainian Ground Forces (Ukrainian: Командувач Сухопутних військ) is the professional head of the Ukrainian Ground Forces. In 2001–2005 it was known as commander-in-chief (Ukrainian: Головнокомандувач Сухопутних військ).

While the chief of ground forces post had been created in early 1992, it was over two years before the first holder, Colonel General Vasyl Sobkov, was appointed on 7 April 1994.
Krzysztof Ropski
Krzysztof Ropski (born 14 September 1996) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a striker for II liga club Świt Szczecin. He has previously played for clubs such as Radomiak Radom, Siarka Tarnobrzeg, Motor Lublin, Skra Częstochowa and Polonia Bytom.

Motor Lublin
Motor Lublin (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmɔtɔr ˈlublin]) is a Polish professional football club based in Lublin, in the Lublin Voivodeship. Founded in December 1950, the club is historically associated with the Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych automotive plant and takes its nickname, Żółto-biało-niebiescy (The Yellow, White and Blues), from its official colours.

Motor currently compete in the Ekstraklasa, the top division of the Polish football league system, following successive promotions from the 2022–23 II liga and 2023–24 I liga, both secured via the play-offs. The club previously spent nine seasons in the top flight between 1980 and 1992, achieving a best finish of seventh in 1984–85.

Motor play home matches at the Arena Lublin, a 15,500-seat stadium opened in 2014. They maintain a long-standing rivalry with local side Lublinianka and have a notable following in eastern Poland.
Arkansas Highway 131
Highway 131 (AR 131, Ark. 131, and Hwy. 131) is a designation for five north–south state highways in northeast Arkansas. One route of 5.51 miles (8.87 km) runs from Highway 1 in Haynes east to Lee County Road 719. A second route of 9.57 miles (15.40 km) begins at US Route 79 (US 79) near Brickeys and runs south to the Mississippi River levee. A third route of 8.74 miles (14.07 km) forms a semicircle around Horseshoe Lake and Porter Lake, connecting to Highway 147 at both ends. A fourth route of 3.11 miles (5.01 km) begins at Highway 147 and runs through Edmondson. A fifth route begins at Interstate 55/US 61/US 64/US 79 (I-55/US 61/US 64/US 79) in West Memphis and runs north to Martin Luther King Jr. Drive/Mound City Road in West Memphis. All routes are maintained by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD).

Forest Park (Springfield, Massachusetts)
Forest Park in Springfield, Massachusetts, is one of the largest urban, municipal parks in the United States, covering 735 acres (297 ha) of land overlooking the Connecticut River. Forest Park features a zoo, aquatic gardens, and outdoor amphitheater, in addition to design elements like winding wooded trails, and surprising, expansive views. The site of America's first public, municipal swimming pool, currently, during the holiday months Forest Park hosts a popular high-tech lighting display, known as Bright Nights. Contrary to popular belief, the park was not designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, although it was designed by his firm.
Warszawa Olszynka Grochowska railway station
Warszawa Olszynka Grochowska railway station is a railway station in the Praga Południe district of Warsaw, Poland. As of 2012, it is served by Koleje Mazowieckie, who run the KM7 services from Warszawa Zachodnia to Dęblin and by Szybka Kolej Miejska, who run the S1 services from Pruszków PKP to Otwock.

Pruszków railway station
Pruszków railway station is a railway station in Pruszków, Poland.  The station is served by Koleje Mazowieckie, who run trains from Skierniewice to Warszawa Wschodnia, Przewozy Regionalne, who run some services from Warszawa Wschodnia and Rzeszów Główny via Pruszków and by Szybka Kolej Miejska, who operate line S1 which begins at this station, runs on the suburban tracks of the Cross City Line and goes on to Otwock, terminating there.
Martin Scharlemann
Martin George Scharlemann (born 6 December 1948) is an American topologist who is a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley under the guidance of Robion Kirby in 1974.

A conference in his honor was held in 2009 at the University of California, Davis. He is a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, for his "contributions to low-dimensional topology and knot theory."

Abigail Thompson was a student of his. Together they solved the graph planarity problem:  There is
an algorithm to decide whether a finite graph in 3-space can be moved in 3-space into a plane.

He gave the first proof of the classical theorem that knots with unknotting number one are prime. He used hard combinatorial arguments for this. Simpler proofs are now known.

Robion Kirby
Robion Cromwell Kirby (born February 25, 1938) is a Professor of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley who specializes in low-dimensional topology. Together with Laurent C. Siebenmann he developed the Kirby–Siebenmann invariant for classifying the piecewise linear structures on a topological manifold. He also proved the fundamental result on the Kirby calculus, a method for describing 3-manifolds and smooth 4-manifolds by surgery on framed links. Along with his significant mathematical contributions, he has over 50 doctoral students and is the editor of an influential problem list.
Philippe Alliot
Philippe René Gabriel Alliot (born 27 July 1954) is a French former racing driver and broadcaster, who competed in Formula One from 1984 to 1990 and from 1993 to 1994.

Born and raised in Voves, Alliot initially studied political science before dropping out of university to pursue his racing career. He competed at 116 Formula One Grands Prix across nine seasons for RAM, Ligier, Larrousse and McLaren. Alliot also competed intermittently in the World Sportscar Championship, winning three races from 21 starts and finishing third in the standings in 1991 and 1992 with Peugeot. He also entered 10 editions of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, finishing third in 1983, 1992 and 1993.

Équipe Ligier
Équipe Ligier (French: [e.kip li.ʒje]) is a motorsport team, best known for its Formula One team that operated from 1976 to 1996. The team was founded in 1968 by French former rugby union player and former Formula One driver Guy Ligier as a sports car manufacturer.
Abdullah Jusoh
Abdullah bin Jusoh is a Malaysian politician. He has served as Member of the Kedah State Executive Council (EXCO) in Pakatan Rakyat (PR) administration under Menteri Besar Azizan Abdul Razak from 2008 to 2010 as well as Member of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly for Pantai Merdeka from March 2008 to May 2013. He is a member of Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a component party of Perikatan Nasional (PN), formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) and Gagasan Sejahtera (GS) coalitions.

Azizan Abdul Razak
Azizan bin Abdul Razak (25 October 1944 – 26 September 2013) was a Malaysian politician who served as the 10th Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of the state of Kedah from 2008 to 2013. A member of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), he was the first Chief Minister of Kedah from a party other than the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). He held the seat of Sungai Limau in the Kedah state assembly from 2004 until his death in 2013. He was also the state commissioner for PAS in Kedah and a member of the central committee of the national party.
BGL BNP Paribas
BGL BNP Paribas (formerly Banque Générale du Luxembourg or BGL) is the subsidiary of BNP Paribas in Luxembourg, which roots going back to the Banque Générale du Luxembourg (BGL) founded in 1919 by mostly Belgian stakeholders. Part of the BNP Paribas Group since May 2009, it was the second-largest bank in Luxembourg by total assets as of end-2023 (at €52.7 billion), behind the state-owned Banque et Caisse d'Épargne de l'État.

In 2011, BGL BNP Paribas had been the second-largest private-sector employer in the country, behind ArcelorMittal. In 2014, BGL BNP Paribas was ranked by The Banker magazine as the top bank in Luxembourg based on tier 1 capital.

Banque et Caisse d'Épargne de l'État
The Banque et Caisse d'Épargne de l'État (French pronunciation: [bɑ̃k e kɛs depaʁɲ də leta], State Bank and Savings Bank), also known by its Luxembourgish name Spuerkeess (lit. 'Savings Bank'), is the leading national financial institution founded in 1856 and governed by the law of 24 March 1989. Spuerkeess is a commercial bank wholly owned by the government of Luxembourg.

Nowadays, it provides all the functions of a commercial bank, including retail banking and private banking. In terms of total assets Spuerkeess is the third-largest bank in Luxembourg and the largest bank with domestic capital.

BCEE has been designated as a Significant Institution since the entry into force of European Banking Supervision in late 2014, and as a consequence is directly supervised by the European Central Bank.
Clea Lewis
Clea Lewis (born July 19, 1965) is an American actress, best known for her television role as Ellen Morgan (Ellen Degeneres)'s annoying friend Audrey Penney in the sitcom Ellen. Lewis also played Margaret Redding on Royal Pains and Deirdre Kemp on The Americans. She guest-starred in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, the pilot episode of Friends, and was a series regular on Flying Blind and Andy Barker, P.I. Additionally, she appeared in movies like The Rich Man's Wife, Diabolique, and Perfect Stranger, and is also known for her theatre roles, including on Broadway in Absurd Person Singular, and her voiceover work, such as in the movie Ice Age: The Meltdown and voicing Nicky Little in the Disney cartoon Pepper Ann.

Royal Pains
Royal Pains is an American comedy-drama television series that ran on the USA Network from 2009 to 2016. The series is based in part on contemporary concierge medicine practices of independent doctors and companies and follows Hank Lawson, an unfairly discredited but brilliant diagnostic surgeon, who moves to the Hamptons with his brother Evan as he works as a concierge doctor to the uber rich and ultra elite. The cast of the show includes Mark Feuerstein, Paulo Costanzo, Reshma Shetty, Brooke D'Orsay, Ben Shenkman, Jill Flint, and Campbell Scott.
Bryan Mollen
Bryan Mollen (born 25 September 1995) is an Irish rugby sevens player.

Mollen competed in the men's tournament at the 2020 Summer Olympics. He was part of Ireland's sevens squad at the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Cape Town.

Mollen was initially named as a traveling reserve for the 2024 Summer Olympics but competed on the final day of the men’s tournament, he and Sean Cribbin were called into the squad to replace injured duo Jordan Conroy and Andrew Smith.

Jordan Conroy
Jordan Conroy (born 10 March 1994) is an Irish rugby union player. He is a specialist sevens player who plays for the Ireland national rugby sevens team, and has represented Ireland in the 2020 Summer Olympics and plays his XV's club rugby with the Buccaneers RFC as a wing.
Hesham Rakha
Hesham Ahmed Rakha is the Samuel Reynolds Pritchard Professor of Engineering in the Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Virginia Tech. He directs the Center for Sustainable Mobility at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. He conducts research in the area of multi-modal vehicle motion and large-scale transportation system optimization, agent-based modeling, and assessment. He is a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering and was elected to the Virginia Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine and the National Academy of Artificial Intelligence. He is a fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

American Society of Civil Engineers
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering society in the United States. Its constitution was based on the older Boston Society of Civil Engineers from 1848.

ASCE is dedicated to the advancement of the science and profession of civil engineering and the enhancement of human welfare through the activities of society members. It has more than 143,000 members in 177 countries. Its mission is to provide essential value to members, their careers, partners, and the public; facilitate the advancement of technology; encourage and provide the tools for lifelong learning; promote professionalism and the profession; develop and support civil engineers.
Naresh Gujral
Naresh Gujral (born 19 May 1948) is a Chartered Accountant, Shiromani Akali Dal party politician and former a member of the Parliament of India representing Punjab in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament.

Shiromani Akali Dal
The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: Supreme Eternal Party) is a centre-right Sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. Although there are many parties with the description Akali Dal, the party that is recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. The party has a moderate Punjabi agenda. On 26 September 2020, it left the National Democratic Alliance over the farm bills.
Mire language
Mire, or Mulgi, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Tandjile Prefecture and Lai Prefecture. Most of the speakers, who generally practice traditional religions or Christianity, speak Ndam (65% lexical similarity) or Kimré (32% lexical similarity) as a second language.

Ndam language
Ndam, also known as Dam and Ndamm, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the southwestern Chadian prefectures of Tandjilé and Lai. Most of the speakers generally practice traditional religions, Islam, or Christianity. There are two dialects of Ndam—northern and southern, respectively—Ndam Dik, and Ndam-Ndam.
Jonathan Kestenbaum, Baron Kestenbaum
Jonathan Andrew Kestenbaum, Baron Kestenbaum (born 5 August 1959) is a Director of JPMorgan Japanese Investment Trust plc, and a Director of Five Arrows Limited. He is also the Chancellor of The University of Plymouth, and a member of the House of Lords. Until 2022, he was the Chief Operating Officer of the listed investment trust, RIT Capital Partners plc.

Kestenbaum is a great-grandson of Joseph Breuer, and a great-great-great-grandson of Samson Raphael Hirsch and of Eliezer Liepman Philip Prins. He is a former Chief Executive of The National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA). He was created a life peer in  2011 as Baron Kestenbaum of Foxcote in the County of Somerset, and sits on the Labour benches.

Nesta (charity)
Nesta (formerly NESTA, National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts) is a British foundation, registered as a charity, which supports innovation.

Nesta was originally funded by a £250 million endowment from the UK National Lottery. The endowment is managed through a trust, and Nesta uses the interest from the trust to meet its charitable objects and to fund and support its projects.
Helmut Semmelmann
Helmut Semmelmann (born 8 August 1934) is a former German farmer, politician and party functionary of the Socialist Unity Party (SED).

In the German Democratic Republic, he served as the longtime head of the powerful Agriculture Department of the SED Central Committee. During the Wende, he also briefly served in the Central Committee Secretariat as Secretary responsible for Agriculture.

Departments of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
The approximately 40 departments of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) were the center of the policymaking of East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

The departments were assigned to around ten Central Committee Secretaries. Each department was headed by a department head and his deputy. Each department was in turn divided into sectors with sector heads, (political) employees and instructors. While the departments had around 1,000 employees in 1970, by 1987 there were already 2,000 employees.: 11 : 167

Only the Central Committee Secretaries had the authority to issue legally binding orders to the respective Ministry,: 98–100 : 97  but in practice, the department and sector heads made the decisions.: 73

During the Peaceful Revolution, the Presidium of the Party Executive of the SED-PDS dissolved the departments of the Central Committee of the SED, effective 31 December 1989.
Jameil Aossey
Jameil Aossey (born November 3, 1983) is an American songwriter, producer, sound designer and audio engineer best known for his work with producer Symbolyc One. Aossey has written and/or produced songs for Little Mix, ZZ Ward, Jasmine V, Andy Mineo, Rapsody, Labrinth as part of producer group S1A0, Beyoncé's 7th album Renaissance as well as Eminem's 12th album The Death of Slim Shady (Coup de Grâce).

Symbolyc One
Larry Darnell Griffin Jr. (born August 3, 1976), known professionally as Symbolyc One (or S1), is an American record producer from Waco, Texas. He signed with Kanye West's GOOD Music as an in-house staffer on the label's Very GOOD Beats production wing by 2013. His production credits include West's 2010 single "Power", Beyoncé's 2011 single "Best Thing I Never Had", and 50 Cent's 2012 single "My Life"—each have peaked within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100. He has won three Grammy Awards throughout his career.
Kevin Fennelly Snr
Kevin Fennelly was a hurler from County Kilkenny who played for his local club Ballyhale Shamrocks and at senior level for the Kilkenny county team during the 1940s. After his playing days, Fennelly remained involved with his club Shamrocks, serving as trainer, chairman, treasurer and trustee. His contributions to the sport are commemorated in the form of the Kevin Fennelly Memorial Cup.

A farmer by trade, Fennelly purchased land in the town of Ballyhale along with his wife Theresa Hoyne in the early 1960s. It was here that he raised his family, and seven of his sons went on to play hurling for club and county - Michael, Seán, Ger, Kevin, Brendan, Liam and Dermot.

Liam Fennelly
Liam Fennelly (born 1 January 1958 in Piltown, County Kilkenny, Ireland) is an Irish retired sportsperson.  He played hurling with his local club Ballyhale Shamrocks and was a member of the Kilkenny senior inter-county team from 1981 until 1992.