hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spaldeen
A Spalding Hi-Bounce Ball, often called a Spaldeen or a Pensie Pinkie, is a rubber ball, described as a tennis ball core without the felt. These balls are commonly used in street games developed in the mid-20th century, such as Chinese handball (a variation on American handball), Australian handball, stoop ball, hit-the-penny (involving trying to make a penny flip on a sidewalk), butts up, handball, punchball, boxball, half-rubber, wireball and stickball (variations of baseball).

Half-rubber
Half-rubber, also known as halfball or halfies, is a bat-and-ball game similar to stick ball or baseball. The game was developed in the American South around the beginning of the 20th century, moving north with the Great Migration in New York City and Philadelphia where it was widely played by the 1950s in addition to stick ball. It can be played with as few as three players and involves no running of bases.

The sport was typically played on a city street, now played in parks or the beach, using a baseball-sized rubber ball, that has been cut or sawed in half. Legendary origins of this "half-ball"' vary: from kids splitting a ball so that two games could be played at once; to an accident where a pimpleball broke in half and kids had no money to buy a new one so they played with a half-ball; to an innovation by adults who wanted to reduce the chances of the ball breaking windows on nearby buildings.
Dalby Gospel Book
The Dalby Gospel Book (Danish: Dalbybogen, Swedish: Dalbyboken, Copenhagen GkS 1325 4°) is an 11th-century gospel book now in the Royal Library of Denmark in Copenhagen. The illuminated manuscript derives its name from Dalby Church in Sweden, where the gospel book was used. During the Middle Ages, Dalby was part of Denmark. It is not known with certainty where the book was made; several researchers have suggested it was made in Dalby, while others point to present-day Germany as a probable place of origin. The manuscript is the earliest testimony of the presence of books and a culture of literacy in Denmark. The book contains four full-page miniatures with portraits of the Four Evangelists, 16 canon tables and a number of simple, red enlarged initials. Its gilt silver and copper binding is from the middle of the 12th century.

Initial
In a written or published work, an initial is a letter at the beginning of a word, a chapter, or a paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text. The word is  derived from Latin: initiālis, which means of the beginning.  An initial is often several lines in height, and, in older books or manuscripts, may take the form of an inhabited or historiated initial.  There are certain important initials, such as the Beatus initial, or B, of Beatus vir... at the opening of Psalm 1 at the start of a Vulgate (Bible). These specific initials in an illuminated manuscript were also called initia (sg.: initium).
Khoja Niyaz
Khoja Niyaz, also Khoja Niyaz Haji (Uyghur: خوجا نىياز ھاجى, romanized: Xoja Niyaz Haji; Chinese: 和加尼牙孜; pinyin: Héjiā Níyázī; 1889 – 21 August 1941), was a Uyghur independence movement leader who led several rebellions in Xinjiang against the Kumul Khanate, the Chinese governor Jin Shuren and later the Hui warlord Ma Zhongying. He is best remembered as the first and only president of the short-lived Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan from November 1933 until the republic's defeat in April 1934.

Ma Zhongying
Ma Zhongying, also Ma Chung-ying (traditional Chinese: 馬仲英; simplified Chinese: 马仲英; pinyin: Mǎ Zhòngyīng; Wade–Giles: Ma Chung-ying, Xiao'erjing: مَا جٌ‌یِئٍ; c. 1910 or 1908 – after 1936), nickname Commander Ga (尕司令, lit. youngster commander), was a Chinese Muslim warlord during the Warlord era of China. His birth name was Ma Buying (馬步英; 马步英; Mǎ Bùyīng; Ma Pu-ying). Ma was a warlord of Gansu Province in China during the 1930s. His alliance with the Kuomintang (KMT) brought his predominantly Chinese Muslim troops under the control of the KMT as the New 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) with Ma Zhongying as its commander. He was ordered to overthrow Jin Shuren, the governor of Xinjiang. After several victories over provincial and White Russian forces, he attempted to expand his territory into southern Xinjiang by launching campaigns from his power base in Gansu, but was stopped by Xinjiang warlord Sheng Shicai with Soviet support in 1934.
Love (manga)
Love (Japanese: ラブ, Hepburn: Rabu) (stylized as LOVe) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Osamu Ishiwata. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from August 1993 to February 1999. Its chapters were collected in thirty tankōbon volumes.

Weekly Shōnen Sunday
Weekly Shōnen Sunday (Japanese: 週刊少年サンデー, Hepburn: Shūkan Shōnen Sandē) is a weekly shōnen manga magazine published in Japan by Shogakukan since March 1959. Contrary to its title, Weekly Shōnen Sunday issues are released on Wednesdays. Weekly Shōnen Sunday has sold over 1.8 billion copies since 1986, making it the fourth best selling manga magazine, only behind Weekly Shōnen Jump, Weekly Shōnen Magazine and Weekly Young Jump.
Private Nurse
Private Nurse is a 1941 American drama film directed by David Burton and written by Samuel G. Engel. The film stars Jane Darwell, Brenda Joyce, Sheldon Leonard, Robert Lowery, Ann E. Todd and Kay Linaker. The film was released on August 22, 1941, by 20th Century Fox.

Ann Todd (American actress)
Ann Todd (born Ann Todd Phillips, later Ann Basart or Ann Phillips Basart; August 26, 1931 – February 7, 2020) was an American child actress. She was credited in four films as Ann E. Todd. As an adult, she became a music reference librarian at University of California, Berkeley.
University of Talca
The University of Talca (Spanish: Universidad de Talca) is a Chilean university. It has five campuses, located in Talca, Curicó, Linares, Santa Cruz and Santiago. The Talca campus is the university's headquarters and largest campus. It is part of the Chilean Traditional Universities, the Consortium of Universities of the State of Chile and the Group of Regional Universities of Chile.

University of Talca is considered as the best public university outside Santiago by various rankings. It offers ten PhD programs and 27 Master programs. It was accredited for five years (2014-2019) by the Comisión Nacional de Acreditación (National Accreditation Commission).

Linares, Chile
Linares is a Chilean city and commune located in the Maule Region and lies in the fertile Chilean Central Valley, 303 km (188 mi) south of Santiago and 50 km (31 mi) south of Talca, the regional capital. Linares is the capital city of the province of Linares.
The Rose (TV soundtrack)
The Rose Original Soundtrack (traditional Chinese: 薔薇之戀 電視原聲帶; simplified Chinese: 蔷薇之恋 電視原聲帶; pinyin: Qiáng Wéi Zhī Liàn Diànshì Yuánshēngdài) is the soundtrack for the 2003 Taiwanese drama, The Rose, starring Ella of S.H.E, Jerry Huang, Joe Cheng, and Joelle Lu. Although The Rose was produced in Taiwan, where Traditional Chinese script is used, the drama uses a Simplified Chinese title.

It was released by HIM International Music on 20 June 2003. The music video for "花都開好了" (Flowers Have Blossomed) was S.H.E's first outdoor music video since Youth Society's "熱帶雨林" (Tropical Rain Forest). Selina and Joe Cheng starred in the music video for "葉子" (Leaf).

The track "花都開好了" (Flowers Have Blossomed) is listed at number 29 on Hit Fm Taiwan's Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2003. The album won Best Original Soundtrack at the 2004 HITO Radio Music Awards presented by Taiwanese radio station Hit FM.

S.H.E
S.H.E is a Taiwanese girl group whose members are Selina Jen, Hebe Tien, and Ella Chen. They formed in 2001 and are managed by HIM International Music but decided not to renew their contract in 2019 due to having their own management company.

Since releasing their debut album Girls' Dorm (2001), S.H.E has recorded 13 albums with sales totaling more than 10 million, and set ticketing records in each of their two concert tours. Widely regarded as the most successful and enduring Mandopop group, S.H.E has also acted in seven drama series, hosted two variety shows, and contributed ten songs to six drama soundtracks.
Franck Esposito
Franck Esposito (born 13 April 1971) is a former World Record holding, and four-time Olympic, butterfly swimmer from France. He swam for France at the 1996, 2000 and 2004 Olympics; and won the bronze medal in the 200 Butterfly at the 1992 Olympics. During his career, he set the short course World Record in the 200 fly four times.

He won a total of four European titles in long course, starting from 1991. Esposito broke the world record in the 200 m butterfly (short course) four times.

At the 1991 World Championships, he lowered the French Record in the long course 200 Fly for the first time (1:59.00). He subsequently bettered the record six more times, and as of 2013 still holds the record at 1:54.62 which he swam at the 2002 French Championships (at the time, also a European Record). He also held the French Record in the long course 100 fly from August 1993 to April 2008.

World record progression 200 metres butterfly
This is a history of the progression of the World Record for the Swimming event: the 200 Butterfly. It is a listing of the fastest-time-ever swum in the event, in both long course (50m) and short course (25m) swimming pools. These records are maintained/recognized by FINA, which oversees international competitive Aquatics.

The long course records are historically older than the short course records: the long course records go back to at least the 1950s, whereas the short course marks having only been recognized since the early 1990s.
Boston Shamrock Rovers
Boston Shamrock Rovers (also known as Boston Rovers) were an American soccer team that competed in the United Soccer Association (USA) league in 1967. The team was based in Lynn, Massachusetts and played their home games at the Manning Bowl. The team folded when the USA merged with the National Professional Soccer League to form the North American Soccer League.

National Professional Soccer League (1967)
The National Professional Soccer League (NPSL) was a North American professional soccer league that existed for only the 1967 season before merging with the United Soccer Association (USA) to form the North American Soccer League. It was a "wild league", as it was not sanctioned by FIFA. It had ten charter members, nine from the United States and one from Canada. To encourage attacking play, the NPSL introduced a new standings points system that was later used by the NASL – 6 points for a win, 3 for a draw, 0 for a loss and 1 bonus point for each of the first three goals scored.  The circuit's commissioner was Ken Macker, an American publisher of three Philippines-based newspapers. The name National Professional Soccer League was revived in 1990 and used by a United States professional indoor soccer league.
Wonderous Stories
"Wonderous Stories" is a song by the English progressive rock band Yes, released in September 1977 as the first single from their eighth studio album, Going for the One. It was written by lead vocalist Jon Anderson, who gained inspiration for the song one morning during his stay in Montreux, Switzerland where the band recorded the album. The song reached number seven on the UK singles chart and remains the band's highest-charting single in the country.

Montreux
Montreux (UK: /mɒ̃ˈtrɜː/, US: /mɒ̃ˈtroʊ/; French: [mɔ̃tʁø] ⓘ; Arpitan: Montrolx) is a Swiss municipality and town on the shoreline of Lake Geneva at the foot of the Alps. It belongs to the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud, having a population of nearly 27,000 with about 85,000 in the Vevey-Montreux agglomeration as of 2019.

Located in the centre of a region named the Vaud or Swiss Riviera (French: Riviera vaudoise), Montreux has been an important tourist destination since the 19th century due to its mild climate. The region includes numerous Belle Époque palaces and hotels near the shores of Lake Geneva. Montreux railway station is a stop on the Simplon Railway and is a mountain railway hub.
Copying
Copying is the duplication of information or an artifact based on an instance of that information or artifact, and not using the process that originally generated it. With analog forms of information, copying is only possible to a limited degree of accuracy, which depends on the quality of the equipment used and the skill of the operator. There is some inevitable generation loss, deterioration and accumulation of "noise" (random small changes) from original to copy when copies are made. This deterioration accumulates with each generation. With digital forms of information, copying is perfect. Copy and paste is frequently used by a computer user when they select and copy an area of text or content.

Scrivener
A scrivener is a professional copyist or scribe whose occupation involves writing or preparing official documents, such as deeds, contracts, mortgages, and other legal instruments, typically for a fee. The profession originated in medieval Europe amid low literacy rates, where scriveners handled essential secretarial, administrative, and notarial duties, often functioning in the lower echelons of the legal field akin to early solicitors. Scriveners later developed into notaries, court reporters, and in England and Wales, scrivener notaries. Styles of handwriting used by scriveners included secretary hand, book hand and court hand.
Sir John Maclean, 4th Baronet
Sir John Maclean, 4th Baronet of Duart and Morvern (1670–1716) was the 20th Clan Chief of Clan Maclean from 1674 to 1716. He was the 16th and last Laird of Duart, when in 1691 he lost Castle Duart to Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll. The castle wasn't recovered by Clan Maclean until 1912 until it was purchased by Fitzroy Donald Maclean, 221 years later.

Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 10th Baronet
Colonel Sir Fitzroy Donald Maclean, 10th Baronet of Morvern, KCB, DL (18 May 1835 – 22 November 1936) was a Scottish officer who served as the 26th Clan Chief of Clan Maclean from 1883 to 1936, for fifty-three years.  He lived to be 101 years old. He bought and restored Duart Castle in 1911 as the seat of the Maclean clan.
Peter T. Gallagher
Peter Thomas Gallagher FRAS FTCD MInstP is an Irish astrophysicist and the director of Dunsink Observatory. He specialises in solar physics, notably solar storms and their impact on the Earth.

Gallagher is also Senior Professor, and Head of Astronomy and Astrophysics, at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, and an adjunct professor at Trinity College Dublin.  He is also the head of the radio-telescope project I-LOFAR, at Birr Castle. He is widely cited in his field and often quoted in the media.

Dunsink Observatory
The Dunsink Observatory is an astronomical observatory established in 1785 in the townland of Dunsink in the outskirts of the city of Dublin, Ireland.

Dunsink's most famous director was William Rowan Hamilton, who, amongst other things, discovered quaternions, the first non-commutative algebra form, while walking from the observatory to the city with his wife. The annual Hamilton Walk that commemorates this discovery begins at the observatory. He is also renowned for his Hamiltonian formulation of dynamics.
Annona crassiflora
Annona crassiflora, commonly known as marolo, araticum cortiça, araticum do cerrado or bruto, is a flowering plant in the Annonaceae family. The flowers of a marolo look like jellyfish wearing hats, and the fruits are sweet and very rough. It is native to Brazil and Paraguay and the fruit is eaten by native peoples in the Brazilian Cerrado. Although it is considered to have potential for cultivation, it has not been domesticated to date.

Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia, and Uvaria. Its type genus is Annona. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the remaining are Indomalayan.
Manten no Hoshi to Aoi Sora
Manten no Hoshi to Aoi Sora (満天の星と青い空; "The Starry Heavens and the Blue Sky") is a Japanese novel written by manga artist Hiroyuki Nishimori, published in 2012. A manga adaptation, illustrated by Yuuki Iinuma, was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Monthly Sunday Gene-X from August 2018 to September 2019.

Monthly Sunday Gene-X
Monthly Sunday Gene-X (Japanese: 月刊サンデーGENE-X, Hepburn: Gekkan Sandē Jenekkusu), often abbreviated as Sunday GX (サンデーGX), is a seinen manga magazine published by Shogakukan. Like many other manga magazines, it is an "anthology magazine", with each issue featuring new chapters of several manga series. The series are also published in tankōbon form under the Sunday GX Comics imprint.
William Marchaunt
William Marchaunt was an English politician who served as the Member of Parliament for Taunton in various parliaments during the late 14th and early 15th centuries. He was a significant businessman in Taunton, and also served as a tax collector in the town.

Taunton (UK Parliament constituency)
Taunton  was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and its predecessors from 1295 to 2010, taking its name from the town of Taunton in Somerset. Until 1918, it was a parliamentary borough, electing two Member of Parliaments (MPs) between 1295 and 1885 and one from 1885 to 1918; the name was then transferred to a county constituency, electing one MP.

In the boundary changes that came into effect at the general election of 2010, the Boundary Commission for England replaced Taunton with a modified constituency called Taunton Deane, to reflect the district name.  The new constituency's boundaries are coterminous with the local government district of the same name.
2023 Memorial of Hubert Jerzy Wagner
The XX Memorial of Hubert Jerzy Wagner was a volleyball tournament held at Tauron Arena in Kraków, Poland from 18 to 20 August 2023. Like the previous editions, 4 teams participated including 2023 Volleyball Nations League gold medalist Poland, 2020 Olympic gold medalist and 2022 Volleyball Nations League winner France, 2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship gold medalist Italy, and two times 2019, 2021 EuroVolley silver medalist Slovenia. This year tournament was held a week before the 2023 EuroVolley.

2023 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League
The 2023 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League was the fifth edition of the FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League, an annual men's international volleyball tournament. The competition was held from 6 June to 23 July 2023, with the final round taking place at the Ergo Arena, Gdańsk, Poland.

Following the results of 2022 Nations League and 2022 Challenger Cup, Australia were replaced by debutants Cuba in this edition.

Finals host and home team Poland won their first VNL title after defeating the United States in four sets. It was the United States' third silver medal. Japan defeated Italy in a tie-breaker match and claimed the bronze medal. Paweł Zatorski from Poland was named the MVP of the tournament.
The Dupe (play)
The Dupe is a 1763 comedy play by the Irish writer Frances Sheridan. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London on 10 December 1763. The original cast included Richard Yates as Sir John Woodall, William Havard as Friendly, John Hayman Packer as Wellford, Thomas King as Sharply and Hannah Pritchard as Mrs Etherdown, Kitty Clive as Mrs Friendly. It was one of only two new mainpieces debuting at Drury Lane that year along with a clutch of afterpieces. Sheridan, the mother of the playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan, was best known for her novel Memoirs of Miss Sidney Bidulph but had enjoyed success with the play The Discovery earlier in the year.

The Discovery (play)
The Discovery: A Comedy in Five Acts is a comedy by Frances Sheridan. The play premiered on 5 February 1763, at the Drury Lane Theatre, London. The actors being David Garrick as Sir Anthony Branville, Frances' husband Thomas Sheridan as Lord Medway, William O'Brien as Sir Harry Flutter, Charles Holland as Colonel Medway, Mrs. Hannah Pritchard as Lady Medway, Mary Ann Yates as Mrs Knightly, and Jane Pope as Lady Flutter. Garrick agreed that Thomas Sheridan should play the lead role and be paid with two night's profits.

Aldous Huxley controversially rewrote the play and provided a new ending, for a Chatto and Windus edition in 1924.
Our Lady of Paradise Cathedral, São Paulo
Catedral de Nossa Senhora do Paraíso is a church located in São Paulo, Brazil and is the seat of the Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Nossa Senhora do Paraíso em São Paulo. The temple is located in the neighborhood of Paraíso in the city of São Paulo and was constructed in 1952.

This church became bishop's see on November 29, 1971, after being transferred from Saint Basil Church (Rio de Janeiro).

Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Nossa Senhora do Paraíso em São Paulo
Eparchy of Nossa Senhora do Paraíso em São Paulo  (Latin: Eparchia Dominae Nostrae Paradisi Sancti Pauli Graecorum Melkitarum) is an eparchy located in the city of São Paulo in the ecclesiastical province of São Paulo in Brazil.
Park Kun-woo
Park Kun-woo (Korean: 박건우; born September 8, 1990) is a South Korean professional baseball outfielder for the NC Dinos of the KBO League. He joined the Doosan Bears through the second draft in 2009 after graduating from Seoul High School. On September 2, 2009, he made his first hit and scored his first run in his debut game. After the 2010 season, he temporarily left the Doosan Bears to serve a two-year mandatory military commitment. He played for the Korean Police Baseball Team during the military duty in 2011 and 2012. He played for the South Korea national baseball team at the 2017 World Baseball Classic.

In 2017, he joined the 20–20 club as the first player in the Bears history.

KBO League
The KBO League (Korean: KBO 리그) is a professional baseball league in South Korea. The league comprises ten teams. The KBO League was founded with six franchises in 1982 and is the most popular sports league in South Korea. The Kia Tigers are the most successful team, having won 12 of the 44 championships.

In comparison with American Major League Baseball, ESPN reports that the KBO level of play "appears to be somewhere between Double-A and Triple-A, on average, though the best players are more likely to be MLB-quality than your typical Double-A league." Historically, the KBO is known for its vocal and exuberant fan base, as well as the widespread practice of bat flips (ppa-dun (Korean: 빠던), a portmanteau of the "first syllables of the words for 'bat' and 'throw'") by hitters after striking what they think will be a home run. In the KBO, the bat flipping tradition dates to the 1990s.
Gambling in Souls
Gambling in Souls is a lost 1919 American silent crime drama film directed by Harry F. Millarde and starring Madlaine Traverse, Herbert Heyes, Murdock MacQuarrie, Lew Zehring, Mary McIvor, and Henry A. Barrows. The film was released by Fox Film Corporation on March 9, 1919.

Henry A. Barrows
Henry Arthur Barrows (April 29, 1875 – March 25, 1945) was an American actor who appeared in films from 1913 to 1936.

Barrows performed in supporting roles for American, Astra, Biograph, Brentwood, Pathe, Universal, and Vitagraph studios. He was "almost always cast as pillars of society, doctors, judges, bishops, and the like". His son, George Barrows, was also an actor.

Barrows was born in Saco, Maine. He died in Los Angeles, California in 1945 and was interred there in the Los Angeles National Cemetery. He is the father of actor George Barrows.