hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Blee
David Henry Blee (November 20, 1916 - August 4, 2000) served in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from its founding in 1947 until his 1985 retirement. During World War II in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), he had worked in Southeast Asia. In the CIA, he served as Chief of Station (COS) in Asia and Africa, starting in the 1950s. He then led the CIA's Near East Division.

He is best known for his work as head of the CIA's Soviet Division, where he made significant changes in espionage strategy. Specifically, Soviets who came forward to offer intelligence information to the CIA would no longer be greeted with harsh treatment and categorically subjected to an enduring suspicion. His transformative changes led to the departure of James Angleton, the counterintelligence chief who had long enjoyed a dominant role in the CIA.

Counterintelligence
Counterintelligence (counter-intelligence) and its primary subfield, counterespionage (counter-espionage), are activities aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program from an opposition's intelligence service. It includes gathering information and conducting activities to prevent espionage, sabotage, assassinations or other intelligence activities conducted  by, for, or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons.

Many countries will have multiple organizations focusing on a different aspect of counterintelligence, such as domestic, international, and counter-terrorism. Some states will formalize it as part of the police structure, such as the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Others will establish independent bodies, such as the United Kingdom's MI5, others have both intelligence and counterintelligence grouped under the same agency, like the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS).
Water in fiqh
Water in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) is divided into two types, Mutlaq and Mudaf for Tahara. Tahara or Taharah (the opposite of Najis) is an essential aspect of Islam. It means to remove all physical impurities (Najāsat) that blocks valid worship by Wudu or Ghusl.

Ghusl
Ghusl (Arabic: غسل ġusl, IPA: [ˈɣʊsl]) is an Arabic term that means the full-body ritual purification which is mandatory before the performance of various Islamic activities and prayers. For any Muslim, it is performed  after sexual intercourse (i.e. it is fardh), before Friday prayer and prayers for Islamic holidays, before entering the ihram in preparation for Hajj, after having lost consciousness, and after formally converting to Islam. Sunni Muslims also perform the ablution before Salat al-Tawba "Prayer of Repentance".

Ghusl is often translated as "full ablution", as opposed to the "partial ablution" or wudu وضوء that Muslims perform after lesser impurities such as urination, defecation, flatulence, deep sleep, and light bleeding (depending on the madhhab).

Ghusl is a ritual bath.: 471
Open Reel Ensemble
Open Reel Ensemble (Japanese: オープンリールアンサンブル, Hepburn: Ōpun Rīru Ansanburu) is a Japanese band known for their use of open-reel recordings to create music. Formed in 2009, it consists of members Ei Wada, Haruka Yoshida and Masaru Yoshida. The band originally also included members Kimitoshi Sato and Takumi Mamba, who departed in 2015.

After experimenting with open reels in his teenage years, Wada and his friends established the band following a university assignment for a performance presentation. The band garnered acclaim with performances at the NTT InterCommunication Center and Ars Electronica, earning them recognition and an award from the Japan Media Arts Festival. Their works have been used for Issei Miyake's fashion shows. They have released three albums, Open Reel Ensemble (2012), Tape and Cloth (2013), and Vocal Code (2015).

Japan Media Arts Festival
The Japan Media Arts Festival was an annual festival held since 1997 by Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs. The festival begins with an open competition and culminates with the awarding of several prizes and an exhibition.

Based on judging by a jury of artistic peers, awards are given in four categories: Art (formerly called Non-Interactive Digital Art), Entertainment (formerly called Interactive Art; including video games and websites), animation, and manga. Within each category, one Grand Prize, four Excellence Prizes, and (since 2002) one Encouragement Prize are awarded. Other outstanding works, are selected by the Jury as Jury Selections.

The winning works of the four categories will receive a certificate, a trophy and a cash prize.
Daniel Anthony (actor)
Daniel Anthony is an English actor. He is known for his regular roles as Clyde Langer in the Doctor Who spin-off series The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007–2011) as Jamie Collier in the medical drama Casualty (2013–2014) and as the voice of Horace the frog in Guess with Jess (2009–2010).

Medical drama
A medical drama is a television movie or film in which events center upon a hospital, clinic, doctor's office, a paramedic, or any other medical topic or environment. Most recent medical dramatic programming goes beyond the events pertaining to the characters' jobs and portray some aspects of their personal lives. The longest running prime-time medical drama in the world is the British series Casualty, airing since 1986, and the longest running medical soap opera is General Hospital, running since 1963.
Alhaji Usman Alhaji
Alhaji Usman Alhaji is a Nigerian politician, an educationist and member of the Executive Council of Kano State who is the secretary to the state governor, Dr Abdullahi Umar Ganduje. He is also the waziri (chairman of kingmakers) of Gaya Emirate Council. He is the owner of Usman International School, the first all-inclusive education institution in Kano State for both normal students and those with all kinds of special needs.

Executive Council of Kano State
The Kano State Executive Council (also known as, the Cabinet of Kano State) is the highest formal governmental body that plays important roles in the Government of Kano State headed by the Governor of Kano State. It consists of the Deputy Governor, Secretary to the State Government, Chief of Staff, Commissioners who preside over ministerial departments, and (with the consent of the legislative arm of the government) the Governor's special aides.
Tear You Apart
"Tear You Apart" is a song by American rock band She Wants Revenge. It was released as the second single from their self-titled debut studio album in January 2006 in the U.S. and July 17, 2006 in the UK. The song reached number 6 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart and number 122 on the Billboard Hot 100.

In 2015, the song was featured in "Checking In" the season premiere of American Horror Story: Hotel, as personally requested by Lady Gaga, one of the show's main actresses. The then-disbanded She Wants Revenge gained a significant revival in popularity as a result of the media usage, and were inspired to reunite as a result.

Checking In (American Horror Story)
"Checking In" is the premiere episode of the fifth season of the anthology television series American Horror Story. It aired on October 7, 2015, on the cable network FX. The episode was co-written by creators Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk and directed by Murphy.
David Efird
David Hampton Efird (May 18, 1974 – January 9, 2020) was an American philosopher and Anglican priest. As an academic, he specialised in the philosophy of language and the philosophy of religion.

Efird worked at the University of York from 2002. He was a lecturer between 2002 and 2007, and was a senior lecturer from 2007 until his death. He was head of two of York's colleges: Provost of Vanbrugh College, York from 2008 to 2013, and Principal of James College, York from 2013 to 2020.

Efird was a Church of England priest. He was ordained a deacon in 2010 and to the priesthood in 2011. He was a Minor Canon of York Minster, where he served his curacy. He later served as an assistant curate of the Parish of St. Mary Bishophill, an Anglo-Catholic parish in the City of York.

Efird died suddenly on January 9, 2020, in York, United Kingdom, aged 45.

Provost (education)
A provost is a senior academic administrator. At many institutions of higher education, the provost is the chief academic officer, a role that may be combined with being deputy to the chief executive officer. In some institutions, they may be the chief executive officer of a university, of a branch campus of a university, or of a college within a university.
Denny Brown
Dennis Brown (born January 10, 1956) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, "Downtown" Denny Brown. He is best known for his appearances with the National Wrestling Alliance affiliates Championship Wrestling from Florida and Jim Crockett Promotions in the 1980s and with World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s.

Jim Crockett Promotions
Jim Crockett Promotions, at times branded as Eastern States Championship Wrestling and Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling, is a family-owned professional wrestling promotion headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. Founded in 1931, the promotion emerged as a cornerstone of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). By the 1980s, Jim Crockett Promotions was, along with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), one of the two largest promotions in the United States. The Crockett family sold a majority interest in the promotion to Turner Broadcasting System (which was acquired by Time Warner in 1996, later became WarnerMedia from 2018–2022, now known as Warner Bros. Discovery), resulting in the creation of World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1988. In 2022, Jim Crockett Promotions Inc. was restarted by Jim Crockett's son and Jim Crockett Jr's brother, David Crockett.
Yanaki Stoilov
Yanaki Boyanov Stoilov (Bulgarian: Янаки Боянов Стоилов) is a Bulgarian politician and university lecturer who is currently serving as one of the 12 Judges of the Constitutional Court of Bulgaria. He was previously a Member of the National Assembly and the Minister of Justice.

Constitutional Court of Bulgaria
The Constitutional Court of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Конституционен съд) is in charge of reviewing the constitutionality of acts and statutes brought before it, as well as the compliance of these laws with international treaties to which Bulgaria is a party. The 12 members of the Constitutional Court serve a nine-year term. Four of the justices are elected by the National Assembly, four are appointed by the President, and the remaining four are selected from among the judges on the Supreme Court of Cassation and the Supreme Administrative Court.
2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup final
The 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup final was a soccer match to determine the winners of 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup. The match was the sixteenth final of the Gold Cup, a biennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of CONCACAF and one invited team to decide the champion of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The match was held at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada, United States, on August 1, 2021, and was contested by hosts the United States and the defending champions Mexico.

It was the seventh Gold Cup final to be contested by Mexico and the United States, and the second consecutive. From the previous six finals, Mexico won five times – in 1993, 1998, 2009, 2011, and 2019. The United States only won in 2007 prior to this match.

The United States won the final 1–0, with the lone goal scored by Miles Robinson in extra time for their seventh Gold Cup title.

2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup final
The 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup final was a soccer match that took place on July 26, 2009, at Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States, to determine the winner of the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup.

Mexico won their 5th. Gold Cup (and 8th. continental title to date including the CONCACAF Championship) after thrashing United States 5–0.
Tymovskoye
Tymovskoye (Russian: Ты́мовское) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Tymovsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located in the central part of the Sakhalin Island on the right bank of the Tym River, about 450 kilometers (280 mi) north of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Population:  7,855 (2010 Census); 8,532 (2002 Census); 10,869 (1989 Soviet census).

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian: Ю́жно-Сахали́нск, IPA: [ˈjuʐnə səxɐˈlʲinsk] ⓘ, lit. 'South Sakhalin city') is a city and the administrative center of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East, north of Japan. Gas and oil extraction as well as processing are amongst the main industries on the island. The city was called Vladimirovka (Влади́мировка) from 1882 to 1905, then Toyohara (Japanese: 豊原市, Hepburn: Toyohara-shi) during its period of Imperial Japanese control from 1905 to 1946. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 181,587.
Algebraic semantics (computer science)
In computer science, algebraic semantics is a formal approach to programming language theory that uses algebraic methods for defining, specifying, and reasoning about the behavior of programs. It is a form of axiomatic semantics that provides a mathematical framework for analyzing programs through the use of algebraic structures and equational logic.

Algebraic semantics represents programs and data types as algebras—mathematical structures consisting of sets equipped with operations that satisfy certain equational laws. This approach enables rigorous formal verification of software by treating program properties as algebraic properties that can be proven through mathematical reasoning. A key advantage of algebraic semantics is its ability to separate the specification of what a program does from how it is implemented, supporting abstraction and modularity in software design.

Denotational semantics
In computer science, denotational semantics (initially known as mathematical semantics or Scott–Strachey semantics) is an approach of formalizing the meanings of programming languages by constructing mathematical objects (called denotations) that describe the meanings of expressions from the languages. Other approaches providing formal semantics of programming languages include axiomatic semantics and operational semantics.

Broadly speaking, denotational semantics is concerned with finding mathematical objects called domains that represent what programs do.  For example, programs (or program phrases) might be represented by partial functions or by games between the environment and the system.

An important tenet of denotational semantics is that semantics should be compositional: the denotation of a program phrase should be built out of the denotations of its subphrases.
Dancing Brasil
Dancing Brasil was a Brazilian reality television series based on the British reality TV competition Strictly Come Dancing and is part of the Dancing with the Stars franchise. The series was produced by Endemol Shine in partnership with BBC Worldwide.

The show is hosted by Xuxa Meneghel, alongside Junno Andrade, who became co-host in season four. Sérgio Marone co-hosted the first two seasons, while Leandro Lima was co-host in the third season.

The series premiered on Monday, 3 April 2017 at 10:30 p.m. (BRT / AMT) on RecordTV.

Time in Brazil
Time in Brazil is calculated using standard time, and the country (including its offshore islands) is divided into four standard time zones: Fernando de Noronha time (UTC−02:00), Brasília time (UTC−03:00), Amazon time (UTC−04:00), and Acre time (UTC−05:00). About 93% of the Brazilian population live in Brasília time (UTC−03:00).
Adama Diakhite
Adama Alex Diakhite (born 12 April 1997) is a Senegalese basketball player who plays for AS Douanes of the Nationale 1 and the Basketball Africa League (BAL). A 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) center, he played college basketball in the Philippines before turning professional in 2022.

Basketball Africa League
The Basketball Africa League (BAL) is the premier men's basketball league in Africa. Founded in 2019, the league was established and is co-organized by NBA Africa and the International Basketball Federation (FIBA).

Each season typically runs from March to June, and in the current format of the league consists of twelve teams. Each of the teams qualify through their performance in their domestic competition. Seven teams qualify directly, while five others have to play in the Road to BAL. The group stage is divided into three conferences, which are followed by playoffs to determine the champions. The BAL champions of each season automatically qualify for the FIBA Intercontinental Cup.

The first season was held in 2021 and thus far, five different champions have won the competition.
Michael W. Morrissey
Michael W. Morrissey (born August 2, 1954) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the District Attorney of Norfolk County, Massachusetts, since 2011. He was first elected in 2010 and is currently serving his fourth term.

A member of the Democratic Party, he previously represented the Norfolk and Plymouth district in the Massachusetts Senate (1992–2010) and the 1st Norfolk and 3rd Norfolk districts in the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1977–1993).

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Star Castle
Star Castle is a 1980 multidirectional shooter video game developed and published by Cinematronics for arcades. The game involves obliterating a series of defenses orbiting a stationary turret in the center of the screen. The arcade game uses vector graphics on a black and white display, with the colors of the rings and screen provided by a transparent plastic overlay. Star Castle was designed by Tim Skelly and programmed by Scott Boden; Skelly created a number of other vector games for Cinematronics, including Starhawk, Armor Attack, and Rip Off. A Vectrex port of Star Castle was released in 1983.

Armor Attack
Armor Attack is a multidirectional shooter designed by Tim Skelly and released as an arcade video game by Cinematronics in 1981. It was licensed to Sega for release in Japan and also to Rock-Ola. The vector graphics of Armor Attack present combat between the player's jeep and enemy vehicles in an overhead, maze-like view of a town. The buildings are not drawn in the game, but are an overlay that sits on top of the monitor. The overlay also tints the vectors green.

Armor Attack was released for the Vectrex in 1982.
Ennathan Mudivu
Ennathan Mudivu (transl. What was the result?) is a 1965 Indian Tamil-language thriller film written and directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan. It is based on Panimalai, a novel written by Maharishi. The film stars A. V. M. Rajan and T. S. Balaiah. It was released on 13 August 1965 and received critical acclaim, but failed commercially.

A. V. M. Rajan
Shanmugasundaram, known by his stage name A.V.M. Rajan, (26 July 1935) is an Indian preacher and former actor who was active in Tamil cinema. He was one of the top actors in the industry during the 1960s and 1970s.
After Office Hours (1932 film)
After Office Hours is a 1932 British romantic drama film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Frank Lawton, Viola Lyel and Garry Marsh.

The film was based on the 1931 play London Wall by John Van Druten with several of the cast reprising their roles from the original stage production. The film was produced by the British film studio British International Pictures at their Elstree Studios.

Viola Lyel
Viola Lyel (19 December 1896 – 14 August 1972) was an English actress. In a long stage career she appeared in the West End and on Broadway, for leading directors of the day, including Sir Barry Jackson, and Nigel Playfair. Her roles ranged from Shakespeare and Restoration comedy to melodrama and drawing room comedies.
1978 Allan Cup
The 1978 Allan Cup was the Canadian senior ice hockey championship for the 1977–78 senior "A" season.  The event was hosted by the Kimberley Dynamiters in Kimberley, British Columbia.  The 1978 playoff marked the 70th time that the Allan Cup has been awarded.

Allan Cup
The Allan Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the senior ice hockey champions of Canada. It was donated by Sir Montagu Allan of Ravenscrag, Montreal, and has been competed for since 1909. It was most recently won by the Wentworth Gryphins in 2025.
Same-sex marriage in Guanajuato
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Guanajuato since 20 December 2021. That day, the Secretary General of Government, Libia García Muñoz Ledo, issued an official directive addressed to officials of the state civil registry that, effective immediately, same-sex couples can marry in the state. Guanajuato was the 23rd Mexican state to legalize same-sex marriage. Legislation officially codifying same-sex marriage into state law was passed by the Congress of Guanajuato on 4 December 2025.

Libia García Muñoz Ledo
Libia Dennise García Muñoz Ledo (born 15 June 1983) is a Mexican lawyer, writer and politician. Currently serving as the governor of Guanajuato after winning the 2024 election, she is the first woman to govern the state. She is a member of the National Action Party (PAN).

On 10 April 2023, she was appointed secretary of social and human development for the state of Guanajuato. 
She was secretary of government of the state of Guanajuato during the years 2021 to 2023. She has also served two terms as a local deputy in the Congress of Guanajuato, from 2015 to 2018 and from 2018 to 2021.
Nikki Amuka-Bird
Nikki Amuka-Bird is a British actress of the stage, television, and film. She is known for her appearances on TV series such as Small Island (2009), NW (2016), and I, Jack Wright (2025), and appeared in the 2019 film The Personal History of David Copperfield.

The Personal History of David Copperfield
The Personal History of David Copperfield is a 2019 historical comedy-drama film written and directed by Armando Iannucci, based on the 1850 novel David Copperfield by Charles Dickens. It stars Dev Patel as the title character, along with Aneurin Barnard, Peter Capaldi, Morfydd Clark, Daisy May Cooper, Rosalind Eleazar, Hugh Laurie, Tilda Swinton, Ben Whishaw and Paul Whitehouse.

The world premiere was at the Toronto International Film Festival on 5 September 2019 and was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on 24 January 2020 by Lionsgate and in the United States on 28 August 2020 by Searchlight Pictures.
Božina Ivanović
Božina Ivanović (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Божина Ивановић; 31 December 1931 – 10 October 2002) was a Montenegrin anthropologist and politician. He served as General Secretary of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts and President of Matica crnogorska. He was a professor at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Montenegro.

University of Montenegro
The University of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Univerzitet Crne Gore / Универзитет Црнe Горe) is a national public university of Montenegro.

Its central administration and most of its constituent faculties are located in the country's capital Podgorica, with campuses in Nikšić, Cetinje, and Kotor. Its institution was established in 1974 and currently has 19 faculties.