hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bruce Allen (American football)
Bruce Gerald Allen (born October 26, 1956) is an American former professional football executive. He served as general manager in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 2004 to 2008 and the Washington Redskins from 2010 to 2019. He first joined the NFL as a senior executive with the Oakland Raiders in 1995.

Allen played college football as a punter for the Richmond Spiders and was selected by the Baltimore Colts in the 12th round of the 1978 NFL draft, but never played. Allen is the son of Pro Football Hall of Fame coach George Allen and younger brother of former Virginia governor and U.S. Senator George Allen.

Governor of Virginia
The governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The governor is head of the executive branch of the government of Virginia and is the commander-in-chief of the Virginia National Guard and Virginia Defense Force.

Three signatories of the Declaration of Independence served as governor of Virginia and three governors became president of the United States: Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler.

The current officeholder is Abigail Spanberger, a member of the Democratic Party who took office on January 17, 2026. She is Virginia's first female governor.
Just a Breath Away
Just a Breath Away (French: Dans la brume) is a Canadian-French co-produced thriller film, directed by Daniel Roby and released in 2018. The film stars Romain Duris and Olga Kurylenko as Mathieu and Anna, parents trying to protect their daughter (Fantine Harduin) from a toxic gas cloud that is enveloping Paris.

The film was released in France on April 4, 2018. It screened on opening night at the Fantasia International Film Festival.

Olga Kurylenko
Olga Kostyantynivna Kurylenko (born 14 November 1979) is a Ukrainian and French actress and former model. She rose to prominence by playing the Bond girl Camille Montes in the James Bond film Quantum of Solace (2008).

Kurylenko began her career modelling in Paris before making a transition to acting. She had her breakthrough role in the action thriller Hitman (2007) after making her film debut in the drama The Ring Finger (2005). Following Quantum of Solace, she went on to star in the romantic drama To the Wonder (2012), the crime comedy Seven Psychopaths (2012), the science fiction film Oblivion (2013), the political satire The Death of Stalin (2017), the comedy The Man Who Killed Don Quixote (2018), the superhero films Black Widow (2021) and Thunderbolts* (2025), the Netflix spy thriller miniseries Treason (2022) and the action thriller Extraction 2 (2023).
Txema Noriega
José María "Txema" Noriega Aldekoa (born 14 November 1958) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a forward.

His career was associated primarily with Athletic Bilbao, winning the national championship twice as a player in the 1980s and later serving as the club's director of football and the co-ordinator of its youth system.

Sporting director
A sporting director, or director of sport, is an executive management position in a sports club. The role is well known as a management role for European football clubs, which are sometime also "sports clubs", offering many types of sports. The sporting director is, in many cases, a member of the executive board and therefore an executive director. The sporting director is usually directly subordinate to the chief executive officer or the chairman of the sports organisation. The sporting director is in turn typically the manager of the coaching staff.
MCW Metrocab
The MCW Metrocab is a taxicab that was manufactured between 1987 and 2000 and as the Metrocab TTT from 2000 to 2006. It was designed and originally produced by the British vehicle manufacturing company Metro Cammell Weymann (MCW), with ownership passing to Reliant in 1989, Hooper in 1991 and finally Kamkorp in 2000.

Kamkorp
The Kamkorp Group was a privately held holding company, encompassing a wide range of businesses but operates mainly as Frazer-Nash Research Ltd. It was owned by UK-based Indian businessman Kamal Siddiqi. Over the past 25 years, the Kamkorp Group has developed proprietary digital electric and hybrid electric powertrains and products for the transportation and industrial markets. The company has produced various automobile prototypes under the brands Frazer-Nash and Metrocab. Until 2020 it owned Bristol Cars, under which brand the Bristol Bullet sports car was being developed. The Bullet was unveiled on 26 July 2016 and production was to have started in 2017.

In July 2018, Frazer-Nash Research Limited was ordered by the court to be wound-up, and in November 2018 a liquidator was appointed in order to liquidate the company. In January 2020 Kamkorp Limited was also ordered by the court to be wound-up, and in February 2020 a liquidator was appointed in order to liquidate the company.
City of Grants Pass v. Johnson
City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, 603 U.S. 520 (2024), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that local government ordinances with civil and criminal penalties for camping on public land do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment of homeless people.

Powell v. Texas
Powell v. Texas, 392 U.S. 514 (1968), was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that a Texas statute criminalizing public intoxication did not violate the Eighth Amendment protection against cruel and unusual punishment. The 5–4 decision's plurality opinion was by Justice Thurgood Marshall. Justice Hugo Black and Byron White each wrote separate concurring opinions while Justice Abe Fortas dissented.
Augustin de Lespinasse
Augustin de Lespinasse (8 October 1737 – 23 November 1816) commanded French artillery during the French Revolutionary Wars. After fighting in the Seven Years' War he switched to the artillery branch. He advanced in rank to major by 1788 and was attached to the Army of the Rhine in 1791. After transferring to the Army of the Western Pyrenees as chief of artillery, he directed the successful defence of the Sans Culottes Camp in February 1794. He was soon promoted to general of division but the Minister of War blocked his continued employment.

Lespinasse transferred to the Army of Italy under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1796. He fought with distinction at Castiglione, Rovereto, Arcole and Mantua. Thereafter he published a treatise on the organization of artillery. After becoming emperor Napoleon appointed Lespinasse to the Senate and gave him other honors. Lespinasse is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 35.

Army of Italy (France)
The Army of Italy (French: Armée d'Italie) was a field army of the French Army stationed on the Italian border and used for operations in Italy itself. It is best known for its role during the French Revolutionary Wars (in which it was one of the early commands of Napoleon Bonaparte, during his Italian campaign) and the Napoleonic Wars.
Zhao Shuai (table tennis)
Zhao Shuai (Chinese: 赵帅, born 28 November 1994) is a Chinese para table tennis player. He won the C8 singles at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and defended his title four years later at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. At the 2020 Summer Paralympics he won two gold medals.

Para table tennis
Para table tennis is a parasport that follows the rules set by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF).  The usual table tennis rules are in effect with slight modifications for wheelchair athletes. Athletes from disability groups can take part. Athletes receive classifications between 1 and 11. Classes 1–5 are for those in wheelchairs and classes 6–10 for those who have disabilities that allow them to play standing. Within those groups, the higher classification means the more function the athlete has. Class 11 is defined for players with an intellectual disability.
Carl Raymond Davis
Carl Raymond Davis, DFC (30 July 1911 – 6 September 1940) was a South African-born American-British pilot and flying ace of the Battle of Britain. He claimed nine enemy aircraft (and one shared) destroyed, four (and one shared) probably destroyed, and four damaged, before he was himself shot down and killed in action.

Davis was one of 11 American pilots who flew with RAF Fighter Command between 10 July and 31 October 1940, thereby qualifying for the Battle of Britain clasp to the 1939–45 campaign star.

1939–1945 Star
The 1939–1945 Star is a military campaign medal instituted by the United Kingdom on 8 July 1943 for award to British and Commonwealth forces for service in the Second World War. Two clasps were instituted to be worn on the medal ribbon: Battle of Britain and Bomber Command.
Erlend Mamelund
Erlend Mamelund (born 1 May 1984) is a retired Norwegian handball player who played for the Norwegian club Haslum HK, in the German Bundesliga, and in Denmark an France, as well for the Norwegian national team. His achievements include winning the EHF Cup with HSG Nordhorn in 2008, several national titles in Norway, and one national title in Denmark.

Haslum HK
Haslum Håndballklubb or Haslum HK is a handball club from Haslum, Norway. They are the handball department of the multisports club Haslum Idrettslag. They currently compete in the Eliteserien.

They moved to their current arena, Nadderud Arena, in February 2015.
Esquiline Venus
The Esquiline Venus is a smaller-than-life-size Roman nude marble sculpture of a female in sandals and a diadem headdress. There is no definitive scholarly consensus on either its provenience or its subject. It is widely viewed as a 1st-century CE Roman copy (i.e. an interpretatio graeca) of a Hellenistic original from the 1st-century BCE  Ptolemaic Kingdom, commissioned by emperor Claudius to decorate the Horti Lamiani.

The figure may depict the Ptolemaic ruler Cleopatra VII; it may also have been intended to represent the Roman-Egyptian syncretic deity Venus-Isis.

A vase next to the nude figure includes an asp or uraeus and depictions of the Egyptian cobra, symbols which support the Cleopatra interpretation.

Asp (snake)
Asp is the modern anglicisation of the word "aspis", which in antiquity referred to any one of several venomous snake species found in the Nile region. The specific epithet, aspis, is a Greek word that means "viper". It is believed that aspis referred to what is now known as the Egyptian cobra.
Central Philippine languages
The Central Philippine languages are the most geographically widespread demonstrated group of languages in the Philippines, being spoken in southern Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao, and Sulu. They are also the most populous, including Tagalog (and Filipino), Bikol, and the major Visayan languages Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray, Kinaray-a, and Tausug, with some forty languages all together.

Karay-a language
The Karay-a language (Kinaray-a, Binisayâ nga Kinaray-a or Hinaraya; English: Harayan) is an Austronesian regional language in the Philippines spoken by the Karay-a people, mainly in Antique.

It is one of the Bisayan languages, along with Aklanon/Malaynon, Capiznon, Cebuano, and Hiligaynon.
Logan Tomkins
Logan Tomkins is a retired rugby league footballer who most recently played as a hooker for the Widnes Vikings in the Championship.

He has played for the Wigan Warriors in the Super League, and on loan from Wigan at the Widnes Vikings and Workington Town in the Championship, and the Salford Red Devils in the top flight. Tomkins has also spent four seasons at Salford after his loan spell there.

Sam Tomkins
Sam Tomkins (born 23 March 1989) is a professional rugby league analyst for Sky Sports and former professional player, having finished his playing career with Catalans Dragons in the Super League. 
He is also the Team Manager of the England national rugby league team, working in a "behind the scenes role" for head coach Shaun Wane.

Tomkins, a product of the Wigan Warriors academy, played as a fullback and occasional stand-off, across two stints for the Warriors as well as his time at Catalans Dragons. In addition, he also played two seasons in the NRL for New Zealand Warriors.

He is the two time Man of Steel, earning the title in 2012 and 2021.

He won three Super League Grand Finals with the Wigan Warriors in 2010, 2013, and 2018, as well as two Challenge Cup finals in 2011 and 2013.
Caroline Fleming
Caroline Elisabeth Ada Fleming (born 9 September 1975), styled as Baroness Caroline Elizabeth Ada Iuel-Brockdorff until 2001, is a Danish socialite and media personality, who has owned Valdemar's Castle until 2014. She is known as the host of the Kanal 4 reality television series Danmarks Næste Topmodel (2010–2014) and as a main cast member on the Bravo reality television series Ladies of London (2015–2017).

Valdemar's Castle
Valdemar's Castle (Danish: Valdemars Slot) is a manor house situated on the island of Tåsinge near Svendborg in southern Denmark. Louise Eleonora Kathleen Iuel-Brockdorff Albinus (born Baroness) has been the owner of Valdemar's castle since 2022.
Mads Fuglede
Mads Fuglede (born 23 August 1971) is a Danish writer and politician who has been a member of the Folketing since 2017. A former Venstre politician, he has represented the Denmark Democrats since 2024. Fuglede is known as a commentator on United States politics and as the author of a book on American society. In the 2025 local elections he was elected to the municipal council of Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality, where he was initially presented as mayor-elect before a later coalition agreement instead designated Conservative politician Lennart Qvist as future mayor.

2025 Danish local elections
Local elections were held in Denmark on 18 November 2025. for the 2026–2029 term of office. All 2,432 local and 134 regional councillors in Denmark's 98 municipalities and four regions will be up for election. The 47 member council of the Region of Eastern Denmark, a merger of the Capital Region and Region Zealand, will be elected for the first time. The new region will be established 1 January 2027. The unincorporated small archipelago of Ertholmene will remain under central government administration and not be a part of a region or municipality.
Bong Go
Christopher Lawrence "Bong" Tesoro Go (Tagalog: [bɔŋ ˈɡɔ]; born June 14, 1974) is a Filipino politician serving as a senator since 2019. He previously served under the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte as Special Assistant to the President and Head of the Presidential Management Staff from 2016 to 2018. Go served as Duterte's personal aide and special assistant from 1998 to 2025, although he focused more on his senatorial duties after his election in 2019. Go was reelected to the Senate in 2025, earning the most number of votes in a senate election in Philippine history.

In a 2020 affidavit submitted to the International Criminal Court, Go was accused by former policeman-contract killer Arturo Lascañas of being closely involved in the operations of the Davao Death Squad during Duterte's tenure as mayor of Davao City, although he has denied the allegations.

Davao Death Squad
The Davao Death Squad (DDS) is a death squad group in Davao City, Philippines. The group is alleged to have conducted summary executions of street children and individuals suspected of petty crimes and drug dealing. It has been estimated that the group is responsible for the killing or disappearance of between 1,020 and 1,040 people between 1998 and 2008. A 2009 report by the Philippine Commission on Human Rights (CHR) noted stonewalling by local police under the mayorship of Rodrigo Duterte while a leaked cable observed a lack of public outrage among Davao residents.
Battle of Vientiane
The Battle of Vientiane was a major and decisive battle of the 1960 Laotian coups, that occurred amid the Laotian Civil War. Fought between 13 and 16 December 1960, the battle ended with General Phoumi Nosavan regaining control of the Kingdom of Laos with the aid of the Royal Thai Government and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Vientiane, the capital of Laos, was left devastated by the fighting, with about 600 civilians dead, about the same number of homes destroyed, which 7,000 left homeless. The losing Neutralist Armed Forces under Captain Kong Le retreated onto the strategic Plain of Jars, to begin an uneasy coexistence with the Pathet Lao and the invading North Vietnamese Army.

With the northeastern quarter of Laos under communist control, the United States and the Kingdom of Thailand deepened their involvement in the Laotian Civil War.

Vientiane
Vientiane{{efn|/viˌɛntiˈɑːn/ vee-EN-tee-AHN; Lao: ວຽງຈັນ, Viangchan, pronounced [wíaŋ tɕàn] is the capital of Laos. Comprising the 5 urban districts of Vientiane Prefecture, the city is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the border with Thailand. Vientiane was the administrative capital during French rule. The city had a population of 840,000 as of the 2023 census.

Vientiane is the home of Pha That Luang, an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Other Buddhist temples can be found there, such as Haw Phra Kaew, which formerly housed the Emerald Buddha.

The city is rated as 'suffiency' by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.
FR-1 (satellite)
FR-1 was the second French satellite. Planned as the first French satellite, it was launched on 6 December 1965—ten days after the actual first French satellite, Astérix—by an American Scout X-4 rocket from the Western Range at Vandenberg Air Force Base. The scientific satellite studied the composition and structure of the ionosphere, plasmasphere, and magnetosphere by measuring the propagation of very low frequency (VLF) waves and the electron density of plasma in those portions of the Earth's atmosphere. FR-1's VLF receiver operated until 26 August 1968. FR-1 remains in orbit as of 2023.

Magnetosphere
In astronomy and planetary science, a magnetosphere is a region of space surrounding an astronomical object, such as a planet or other object, in which charged particles are affected by that object's magnetic field. It is created by a celestial body with an active interior dynamo.

In the space environment close to a planetary body with a dipole magnetic field such as Earth, the field lines resemble a simple magnetic dipole. Farther out, field lines can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma, as emitted from the Sun (i.e., the solar wind) or a nearby star. Planets having active magnetospheres, like the Earth, are capable of mitigating or blocking the effects of solar radiation or cosmic radiation. Interactions of particles and atmospheres with magnetospheres are studied under the specialized scientific subjects of plasma physics, space physics, and aeronomy.
Viologen
Viologens are a family of organic compounds with the formula (C5H4NR)2n+(X-)2.  They are N-alkyl derivatives of bipyridines. In some viologens, the pyridyl groups are further modified.

The viologen paraquat (R = methyl), is a widely used herbicide. As early as in the 1930s, paraquat was being used as an oxidation-reduction indicator, because it becomes violet on reduction.

Other viologens have been commercialized because they can change color reversibly many times through reduction and oxidation.  The name viologen alludes to violet, one color it can exhibit, and the radical cation (C5H4NR)2+ is colored intensely blue.

Alkyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. 
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1.
Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH3.
TICO (codec)
The TICO codec, an abbreviation for "Tiny Codec," is a video compression technology created to facilitate the transmission of high-resolution video over existing network infrastructures, including both IP networks and SDI infrastructures, the result appears visually lossless. TICO codec was represented in 2013 by the Belgian company intoPIX.

Image resolution
Image resolution is the level of detail of an image. The term applies to digital images, film images, and other types of images. "Higher resolution" means more image detail.
Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved. Resolution units can be tied to physical sizes (e.g. lines per mm, lines per inch), to the overall size of a picture (lines per picture height, also known simply as lines, TV lines, or TVL), or to angular subtense. Instead of single lines, line pairs are often used, composed of a dark line and an adjacent light line; for example, a resolution of 10 lines per millimeter means 5 dark lines alternating with 5 light lines, or 5 line pairs per millimeter (5 LP/mm). Photographic lens are most often quoted in line pairs per millimeter.
Zymostenol
Zymostenol is an intermediate compound in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and other sterols. It is formed during the conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol, a critical metabolic pathway in animals, fungi, and some protozoa.

Lanosterol
Lanosterol is a tetracyclic triterpenoid and is the compound from which all animal and fungal steroids are derived. By contrast, plant steroids are produced via cycloartenol. In the eyes of vertebrates, lanosterol is a natural constituent, having a role in maintaining health of the lens.  Lanosterol is the precursor to cholesterol.
Lathierial Boyd
Lathierial Boyd is an African-American man from Chicago who was wrongfully convicted of murder in 1990 and served 23 years in prison. His appeals were turned down. An investigation by WGN-TV television in 2001 helped document new evidence in his case.

A review by the Cook County State's Attorney office in 2012-13 found that the police work on his case was flawed. His conviction was overturned; Boyd was fully exonerated and freed in September 2013.

In 2013 Boyd sued the city of Chicago and various named officials including the detectives that worked his case. Although his suit was dismissed in a summary judgement issued by federal judge Robert Gettleman he did receive $213,624 in compensation from the State of Illinois.

Cook County State's Attorney
The Cook County State's Attorney is the chief prosecutor for Cook County, Illinois. The State's Attorney oversees the second-largest prosecutor's office in the United States, with over 600 attorneys and 1,200 employees. The office's responsibilities include directing Illinois criminal prosecutions in the county, filing legal actions to enforce child support orders, consumer protection, and assistance for victims of domestic violence.

The State's Attorney is elected for a term of four years. The current incumbent is Eileen O'Neill Burke, who was first elected in 2024.
Charlotte Moore (wheelchair basketball)
Charlotte Moore (born 13 September 1998) is a wheelchair racer who has won four Virgin London wheelchair mini-marathons, a wheelchair tennis player and a 1.0 point wheelchair basketball player who represented Great Britain at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship in Toronto and the 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship in Hamburg.

Wheelchair racing
Wheelchair racing is the racing of wheelchairs in track and road races. Wheelchair racing is open to athletes with any qualifying type of disability, including leg amputees, spinal cord injuries, and cerebral palsy. Athletes are classified in accordance with the nature and severity of their disability or combinations of disabilities. Like running, it can take place on a track or as a road race. The main competitions take place at the Summer Paralympics which wheelchair racing and athletics has been a part of since 1960. Competitors compete in specialized wheelchairs which allow the athletes to reach speeds of 30 km/h (18.6 mph) or more. It is one of the most prominent forms of Paralympic athletics.