hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer
The Type 99 155 mm self-propelled howitzer (99式自走155mm榴弾砲, kyuu-kyuu-shiki-jisou-155mm-ryuudan-hou) is a 155 mm self-propelled howitzer of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, which was developed as the successor to the Type 75 155 mm self-propelled howitzer. Procurement of the Type 99 began in 1999 and the last vehicle was delivered in 2022. With a lower number built than the self-propelled howitzer it replaced, the Type 99 continues to serve alongside an increasing number of newer Type 19 155 mm wheeled self-propelled howitzers.

AS-90
The AS-90 ("Artillery System for the 1990s"), known officially as Gun Equipment 155 mm L131, is an armoured self-propelled howitzer formerly used by the British Army and subsequently donated for use by the Ukrainian Army.

It can fire standard charges up to 24.7 km (15.3 mi) using 39-calibre long barrel and 30 km (19 mi) with 52-calibre long barrel. The maximum rate of fire is 3 rounds in 10 seconds (burst); 6 per minute for 3 minutes (intense); and 2 per minute for 60 minutes (sustained).
Metaverse
A metaverse is a virtual world in which users interact while represented by avatars, typically in a 3D display, with the experience focused on social and economic connection.

The term metaverse originated in the 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash as a portmanteau of "meta" and "universe". In Snow Crash, the metaverse is envisioned as a version of the Internet that is a single, universal, and immersive virtual world, facilitated by the use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) headsets.

The term "metaverse" is often linked to virtual reality technology, and beginning in the early 2020s, with Web3. The term has been used as a buzzword by companies to exaggerate the development progress of various related technologies and projects for public relations purposes. Information privacy, user addiction, and user safety are concerns within the metaverse, stemming from challenges facing the social media and video game industries as a whole.

Information privacy
Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.

Various types of personal information often come under privacy concerns. Privacy concerns exist wherever personally identifiable information or other sensitive information is collected, stored, used, and finally destroyed or deleted – in digital form or otherwise. Improper or non-existent disclosure control can be the root cause for privacy issues. Informed consent mechanisms including privacy policies and dynamic consent are important in communicating to data subjects the different uses of their personally identifiable information.
Depden
Depden is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. Located on the A143 around five miles south-west of Bury St Edmunds, in 2005 its population was 200, reducing to 184 at the 2011 Census.

Bury St Edmunds
Bury St Edmunds (/ˈbɛri sənt ˈɛdməndz/), commonly referred to locally as Bury, is a cathedral as well as market town and civil parish in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is best known for Bury St Edmunds Abbey and St Edmundsbury Cathedral. Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich of the Church of England, with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The town, originally called Beodericsworth, was built on a grid pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080. It is known for brewing and malting (Greene King brewery) and for a British Sugar processing factory, where Silver Spoon sugar is produced. The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. The built up area had a population of 41,280 at the 2021 census.
Manmani
Manmani (Happy-Go-Lucky) is a 1947 Hindi social film directed by Sarvottam Badami and produced by Ajit Pictures. It had music composed by Kamal Dasgupta. This was the last film of actress Ragini in pre-partition India before she shifted to Pakistan. The film starred P. Jairaj, Ragini, Sabita Devi, E. Billimoria, Nazir Hussain, Maruti, Amar and Shrinath.

The story revolves around the grooming of a young village girl by a wealthy city man due to a bet.

P. Jairaj
Paidipati Jairaj (28 September 1909 – 11 August 2000) was an Indian actor, director and producer known for his works majorly in Hindi; few Marathi, Gujarati, Telugu language films, and Telugu theatre. During the talkie period, from 1931 onwards, he started with Shikari in Urdu and English languages. Subsequently, he became one of the leading actors for about two decades, along with V. Shantaram, Ashok Kumar, Prithviraj Kapoor, Motilal etc. He starred in about 170 feature films in a variety of roles. He directed a few films such as Mohar, Mala (1943), Pratima, Rajghar and Saagar (1951), which he produced. In 1980, he was awarded with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the highest award for films in India, for his contributions to Indian cinema.
The Toll (2020 film)
The Toll is a 2020 Canadian horror thriller film directed by Michael Nader. The film stars Jordan Hayes and Max Topplin, with James McGowan and Rosemary Dunsmore in supporting roles. It follows a young woman (Hayes) who, after hailing a late-night ride-share, finds herself trapped with a strange driver (Topplin) on a deserted road, as the two become targets of a mysterious and malevolent force known as "The Toll Man".

The Toll premiered at the 2020 Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival and the South by Southwest Film Festival. This was followed by a limited release and later became available on video on demand platforms due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted its wider theatrical release. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with the performances of Hayes and Topplin receiving praise, while its screenplay and pacing received criticism.

Jordan Hayes
Jordan Hayes (born June 14, 1987) is a Canadian actress. She played Dr. Sarah Jordan on Syfy's Helix.

She has also appeared in theatrical films, such as House at the End of the Street, The F Word and Hidden 3D.

In addition, she has directed and written two short films Lay Over (2013) and Ten Speed (2014).
Philipp Otto von Grumbkow
Philipp Otto von Grumbkow (German: [ˈfɪlɪp ˈɔto fɔn ˈɡʁʊm.kɔf]; 12 May 1684 – 26 August 1752) was a statesman who served in the Province of Pomerania in the Kingdom of Prussia. He was the chancellor of the Province of Pomerania from 1721 to 1747, and the president of the General Directory of War and Finance from 1723 to 1742. He also served as the supreme president of the Province of Pomerania until 1747.

Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)
The Province of Pomerania was a province of Brandenburg-Prussia, the later Kingdom of Prussia. After the Thirty Years' War, the province consisted of Farther Pomerania. Subsequently, the Lauenburg and Bütow Land, Draheim, and Swedish Pomerania south of the Peene river were joined into the province. The province was succeeded by the Province of Pomerania set up in 1815.

The name Pomerania comes from Slavic po more meaning the land at a sea.
George Stokes (rugby union)
George Stokes (born 13 July 1995) is a rugby union player who plays for Darlington Mowden Park. His usual position is at the flanker position. He was previously with Glasgow Warriors, Ayr, Toulon and Northampton Saints,

Darlington Mowden Park R.F.C.
Darlington Mowden Park is a professional rugby union club, based in Darlington, County Durham, England. They currently compete in National League 2 North, at the fourth tier of the English rugby union system, following relegation from the 2024–25 National League 1.

The club's former name, Darlington Grammar School Old Boys, was changed when they moved to Yiewsley Drive, which was located in Mowden. They relocated to The Darlington Arena, a 25,000 all-seater stadium in Darlington, purchasing the previously-vacated ground for £2 million; Yiewsley Drive had previously been sold to a housing estate company, and the Arena was previously owned by Darlington Football Club. They played their first game at the arena on 2 February 2013, in front of a crowd of over 1,000, comprehensively defeating Bromsgrove 62–7 in a National League 2 North league game.
Ann Lee
Ann Lee (29 February 1736 – 8 September 1784), commonly known as Mother Ann Lee, was the founding leader of the Shakers, later changed to United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing following her death. She was born during the Evangelical revival in England and greatly influenced religion of that time, especially in the Americas.

In 1774, after nearly two decades of participation in a religious movement that became the Shakers, Ann Lee and a small group of her followers emigrated from England to New York. After several years, they gathered at Niskayuna, renting land from the Manor of Rensselaerswyck, Albany County, New York (the area now called Colonie). They worshiped by ecstatic dancing or "shaking", which resulted in their being dubbed the Shakers. Ann Lee preached to the public and led the Shaker church at a time when few women were religious leaders. She was often referred to as, and considered, the female representation of God.

Niskayuna, New York
Niskayuna is a town in Schenectady County, New York, United States. The population was 23,278 at the 2020 census. The town is located in the southeast part of the county, east of the city of Schenectady, and is the easternmost town in the county.
Two Bavarians in Bonn
Two Bavarians in Bonn (German: Zwei Bayern in Bonn) is a 1962 West German comedy film directed by Rudolf Lubowski and starring Beppo Brem, Hans Fitz and Lucie Englisch. It is the third and final sequel to the 1956 film Two Bavarians in St. Pauli. This time the action is shifted to the German political capital Bonn.

Two Bavarians in St. Pauli
Two Bavarians in St. Pauli (German: Zwei Bayern in St. Pauli) is a 1956 West German comedy film directed by Hermann Kugelstadt and starring Joe Stöckel, Beppo Brem and Lucie Englisch.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Hans Sohnle and Hans Strobel. It was shot partly on location in Hamburg including at Hagenbeck's Tierpark.

It was followed by three sequels between 1957 and 1962.
Star Trek (Bantam Books)
In 1966, Bantam Books acquired the license to publish tie-in fiction based on the science fiction television series Star Trek.

Bantam published a series of novelizations based on episodes of the television series from 1967 to 1978. From 1970 to 1981, a range of original novels, anthologies, and reference books followed. Bantam also produced a line of photo comics which adapted popular episodes of the television series using full-color photographic stills.

Many of Bantam's Star Trek releases remained in print until 1991.

Photo comics
Photo comics (also known as fumetti, photonovels or photoromances) are a form of sequential storytelling using photographs rather than illustrations for the images, along with the usual comics conventions of narrative text and word balloons containing dialogue. The photographs may be of real people in staged scenes, or posed dolls and other toys on sets.

Although far less common than illustrated comics, photo comics have filled certain niches in various places and times. For example, they have been used to adapt popular film and television works into print, tell original melodramas, and provide medical education. Photo comics have been popular at times in Italy and Latin America, and to a lesser extent in English-speaking countries.
The Wheeler Dealers
The Wheeler Dealers (a.k.a. Separate Beds in the UK) is a 1963 American romantic comedy film produced by Martin Ransohoff, directed by Arthur Hiller, and starring James Garner and Lee Remick. The script was written by George Goodman and Ira Wallach based on Goodman's 1959 novel of the same name. The film was produced by Filmways and distributed by MGM.

Garner called the film "a broad comedy in which my character is a lot like Bret Maverick." For his performance, he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.

James Garner
James Scott Garner (né Bumgarner; April 7, 1928 – July 19, 2014) was an American actor. He played leading roles in more than fifty theatrical films, including The Great Escape (1963), The Americanization of Emily (1964), Grand Prix (1966), Support Your Local Sheriff! (1969), Victor/Victoria (1982), and Murphy's Romance (1985), for which he received an Academy Award nomination. He also starred on television in Maverick and The Rockford Files.
Flampouro, Larissa
Flampouro (Greek: Φλάμπουρο, Greek pronunciation: ['flabuɾo]) is a village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Olympos. The community of Flampouro covers an area of 58.72 km2.

Elassona
Elassona (Greek: Ελασσόνα, romanized: Ellassóna; Katharevousa: Ἐλασσών, romanized: Elasson) is a town and a municipality in the Larissa regional unit of Greece. In antiquity, it was known as Oloosson (Ὀλοοσσών) and was a town of the Perrhaebi tribe. It is situated at the foot of Mount Olympus. Elassona is bypassed by the GR-3 road (Larissa–Kozani–Florina).
Matt Waltz
Matthew Christopher Waltz (born October 6, 1989) is an American semi-retired professional stock car racing driver. He competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving for Derrike Cope Racing and Obaika Racing, and raced late models at Langley Speedway, winning the track championship in 2017.

Obaika Racing
Obaika Racing was an African professional stock car racing team. The team was owned by African entrepreneur Victor Obaika. The team competed in the NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series.

The team formed in early 2015 and competed full-time in the Xfinity Series in 2015 and 2016. The team purchased some assets of BK Racing, a Monster Energy Cup Series team, in August 2018.

The team was based in Mooresville, North Carolina, thirty minutes away from Charlotte Motor Speedway. It was the first African-owned team in NASCAR.
Ripe (Field Trip album)
Ripe is the third and final studio album by Pleasanton, California-based rock band Field Trip. It was released in April 1991 by Slash Records. In addition to the band's own lineup, Ripe also features keyboard playing by Faith No More's Roddy Bottum.

Roddy Bottum
Roswell Christopher Bottum (born July 1, 1963) is an American musician, best known as the keyboardist for the San Francisco alternative metal band Faith No More. He is also guitarist and co-lead vocalist for the pop group Imperial Teen.
In addition to his popular musical career, Bottum also scored three Hollywood movies and composed an opera entitled Sasquatch: The Opera, which premiered in New York in April 2015.
Carlos Banda (footballer, born 1978)
Carlos Banda (born 28 March 1978) is a Chilean-Swedish football manager. He is the manager of Assyriska FF.

Banda played his highest level of football in then fourth tier team FC Café Opera, before he retired from football as a player due to a groin injury he had in 1999. 
He began coaching youth teams of IF Brommapojkarna and moved on to Stockholm rival Hammarby IF in 2003, to coach in Hammarby's youth organization.

Banda signed on for his first senior team Djurgården on 3 December 2009. Along with co-manager Lennart Wass, Banda led his team to a tenth position in the 2010 Allsvenskan. He stayed with Djurgården as an assistant coach to new manager Magnus Pehrsson until July 2012.

He then returned to Hammarby where he again was assigned the role of assistant manager. A position Banda held during the reigns of three managers: Gregg Berhalter, Thomas Dennerby and Nanne Bergstrand. Ultimately he left Hammarby by mutual consent in June 2016 after four years at the club.

Thomas Dennerby
Thomas Lennart Dennerby (born 13 August 1959) is a Swedish football manager. He managed Sweden to a third place finish at the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. He last served as the head coach of the India women's football team.
Hengwrt Chaucer
The Hengwrt Chaucer manuscript is an early-15th-century manuscript of the Canterbury Tales, held in the National Library of Wales, in Aberystwyth. It is an important source for Chaucer's text, and was possibly written by someone with access to an original authorial holograph, now lost.

The Hengwrt Chaucer is part of a collection called the Peniarth Manuscripts which is included by UNESCO in its UK Memory of the World Register, a list of documentary heritage which holds cultural significance specific to the UK. It is catalogued as National Library of Wales MS Peniarth 392D. Following the terminology developed by John M. Manly and Edith Rickert, the manuscript is conventionally referred to as Hg in most editions giving variant readings.

John Matthews Manly
John Matthews Manly (September 2, 1865 – April 2, 1940) was an American professor of English literature and philology at the University of Chicago. Manly specialized in the study of the works of William Shakespeare and Geoffrey Chaucer. His eight-volume work, The Text of the Canterbury Tales (1940), written in collaboration with his former student Edith Rickert, has been cited as a definitive study of Chaucer's works.
Beta-lactamase inhibitor protein
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Proteins (BLIPs) are a family of proteins produced by bacterial species including Streptomyces. BLIP acts as a potent inhibitor of beta-lactamases such as TEM-1, which is the most widespread resistance enzyme to penicillin antibiotics. BLIP binds competitively the surface of TEM-1 and inserting residues into the active site to make direct contacts with catalytic residues. BLIP is able to inhibit a variety of class A beta-lactamases, possibly through flexibility of its two domains. The two tandemly repeated domains of BLIP have an α2-β4 structure, the β-hairpin loop from domain 1 inserting into the active site of beta-lactamase. BLIP shows no sequence similarity with BLIP-II, even though both bind to and inhibit TEM-1.

Beta-lactamase
Beta-lactamases (β-lactamases)  are enzymes (EC 3.5.2.6) produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase. Beta-lactamase provides antibiotic resistance by breaking the antibiotics' structure. These antibiotics all have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring. Through hydrolysis, the enzyme lactamase breaks the β-lactam ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties.

Beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria are usually secreted, especially when antibiotics are present in the environment.
Military of the Ming dynasty
The military of the Ming dynasty was the military apparatus of China from 1368 to 1644. It was founded in 1368 during the Red Turban Rebellion by Zhu Yuanzhang (Hongwu Emperor). The military was initially organised along largely hereditary lines and soldiers were meant to serve in self-sufficient agricultural communities. They were grouped into guards (wei) and battalions (suo), otherwise known as the wei-suo system. This hereditary guard battalion system went into decline around 1450 and was discarded in favor of mercenaries a century later.

Red Turban Rebellions
The Red Turban Rebellions (Chinese: 紅巾起義; pinyin: Hóngjīn Qǐyì) were uprisings against the Yuan dynasty between 1351 and 1368, eventually leading to its collapse. Remnants of the Yuan imperial court retreated northwards and is thereafter known as the Northern Yuan in historiography.
2019 Flint mayoral election
The 2019 Flint mayoral election was held on November 5, 2019, following a primary election on August 6, 2019. Incumbent Mayor Karen Weaver, who was first elected in 2015 and retained in a recall election in 2017, ran for re-election to a second term. She was challenged by State Representative Sheldon Neeley, contractor Don Pfeiffer, and former city administrator Gregory Eason. Weaver narrowly placed first in the primary election, winning 42 percent of the vote to Neeley's 40 percent, and they both advanced to the general election. Neeley ultimately defeated Weaver by just 205 votes, winning 50–49 percent.

Sheldon Neeley
Sheldon Andre Neeley (born September 20, 1968) is an American politician, currently serving as the Mayor of Flint, Michigan. He was elected as Flint's mayor in 2019 and served an abbreviated three-year term before being re-elected in 2022. Neeley is a registered Democrat and a former state representative in Michigan's 34th House district. He served two complete terms and one partial term in the Michigan House of Representatives between 2015 and 2019. He resigned from his position in the House when he was elected as the Mayor of Flint in 2019. Neeley's wife, Cynthia, was elected to his former seat on March 10, 2020. Neeley served two complete terms and one partial term on the Flint City Council between 2005 and 2014, prior to his tenure as Michigan Representative and was the Council's first African-American member to have come from Flint's Sixth Ward.
Eduardo Inda
Eduardo Inda Arriaga (15 July 1967)  is a Spanish journalist and talk show host. From 2002 to 2007, he was director of the newspaper El Mundo in the Balearic Islands, and from July 2007 to March 2011, he was director of the sports newspaper Marca, returning later to the direction of El Mundo. He is currently director of Okdiario, founded by him, in addition to participating in various radio and television talk shows, such as El chiringuito de Jugones, Es la mañana de Federico, El programa de Ana Rosa, La Sexta Noche, or Al Rojo vivo.

El Mundo (Spain)
El Mundo (Spanish: [el ˈmundo]; lit. 'The World'), before El Mundo del Siglo Veintiuno, is the second largest printed daily newspaper in Spain. The paper is considered one of the country's newspapers of record along with El País and ABC. In 2024, its number of daily sales was 34,485.
DS4Ever
DS4Ever (stylized in all caps and alternatively titled Drip Season 4Ever) is the third studio album by American rapper Gunna. It was released on January 7, 2022, by YSL Records and 300 Entertainment. The album features guest appearances from Future, Young Thug, 21 Savage, Drake, Kodak Black, Chlöe, Lil Baby, G Herbo, Nechie, Chris Brown, Yung Bleu, and Roddy Ricch. It serves as the fourth and final installment of Gunna's Drip Season series, following his third mixtape, Drip Season 3 (2018).

Despite receiving mixed reviews from music critics, DS4Ever performed well commercially, debuting atop the US Billboard 200 with 150,000 album-equivalent units of which 4,000 were pure sales, making for Gunna's second number-one album.

Album-equivalent unit
The album-equivalent unit, or album equivalent, often shortened to just unit, is a sales metric in the music industry that defines the number of songs streamed and songs downloaded equal to one album sale. The album-equivalent unit was introduced in the mid-2010s as an answer to the drop of album sales in the 21st century. Album sales more than halved from 1999 to 2009, declining from a $14.6 to $6.3 billion industry, partly due to cheap digitally downloaded singles. For instance, the only albums that went platinum in the United States in 2014 were the Frozen soundtrack and Taylor Swift's 1989, whereas several albums had gone platinum in 2013.

The use of album-equivalent units transformed the music charts from a ranking of best-selling albums into a ranking of most popular albums. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) have used album-equivalent unit to measure their Global Recording Artist of the Year since 2013.