hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikolai Georgiyevich Lebedev
Nikolai Georgiyevich Lebedev (Russian: Никола́й Гео́ргиевич Ле́бедев; 3 December 1901 – 10 May 1992) was a Red Army major general. Lebedev served in both the Eastern Front and Soviet-Japanese War. He later served as head of the Soviet Civil Administration in Korea (present-day North Korea) from 1947 to 1948. He is considered as one of the founders of North Korea and the ruling Workers' Party of Korea.

Soviet–Japanese War
The Soviet–Japanese War was a campaign of the Second World War that began with the Soviet invasion of Manchuria following the Soviet declaration of war against Japan on 8 August 1945. The Soviet Union and Mongolian People's Republic toppled the Japanese puppet states of Manchukuo in Manchuria and Mengjiang in Inner Mongolia, as well as northern Korea, Karafuto on the island of Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands. The defeat of Japan's Kwantung Army helped bring about the Japanese surrender and the end of World War II. The Soviet entry into the war showed that the Soviet Union would not act as a third party in negotiating a conditional end to hostilities, and thus was a factor in the Japanese government's decision to surrender unconditionally.
Decoupling of wages from productivity
The decoupling of median wages from productivity, sometimes known as the great decoupling, is the gap between the growth rate of median wages and the growth rate of GDP per person or productivity. Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee highlighted this problem toward the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century. This problem furthermore leads to wage stagnation for the median despite continued economic growth overall.  Mathematically, if inequality grows, then top incomes and total income can increase even if median income is relatively stagnant.

A number of causes have been hypothesized, including advances in technology (such as automation), globalization, self-employment and wage inequality. Some commentators argue that some or all of the Great Decoupling can be explained as the product of faulty assumptions about the underlying economics.

Median
The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed by a small proportion of extreme values, and therefore provides a better representation of the center. Median income, for example, may be a better way to describe the center of the income distribution because increases in the largest incomes alone have no effect on the median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics.
Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two equal parts.
Fairfield train crash
The Fairfield/Bridgeport train crash occurred on May 17, 2013, when a Metro-North Railroad passenger train derailed between the Fairfield-Black Rock (then Fairfield Metro) and Bridgeport stations in Fairfield, Connecticut, in the United States. The derailed train fouled the adjacent line and a train heading in the opposite direction then collided with it. There were at least 65 injured among the approximately 250 people on board each of the two trains. Metro-North reported damages at $18.5 million.

Bridgeport station (Connecticut)
Bridgeport station is a shared Amtrak and Metro-North Railroad train station along the Northeast Corridor serving Bridgeport, Connecticut and nearby towns. On Metro-North, the station is the transfer point between the Waterbury Branch and the main New Haven Line. Amtrak's inter-city Northeast Regional and Vermonter service also stop at the station. In addition the transfer point for Greater Bridgeport Transit Authority buses, the departure point for the Bridgeport & Port Jefferson Ferry across Long Island Sound to Port Jefferson, New York, and both the Total Mortgage Arena and the Hartford Healthcare Amphitheater are located adjacent to the station.
Klayman v. Obama
Klayman v. Obama, 957 F.Supp.2d 1 (D.D.C., 2013), was a decision by the United States District Court for District of Columbia finding that the National Security Agency's (NSA) bulk phone metadata collection program was unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment. The ruling was later overturned on jurisdictional grounds, leaving the constitutional implications of NSA surveillance unaddressed.

United States District Court for the District of Columbia
The United States District Court for the District of Columbia (in case citations, D.D.C.) is a federal district court in Washington, D.C. Along with the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii and the High Court of American Samoa, it also sometimes handles federal issues that arise in the territory of American Samoa, which has no local federal court or territorial court.

Appeals from the District Court are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, except for patent claims and claims against the United States federal government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit.

The United States Attorney for the District of Columbia is Jeanine Pirro.
School Babysitters
School Babysitters (Japanese: 学園ベビーシッターズ, Hepburn: Gakuen Bebīshittāzu) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hari Tokeino. It has been serialized in Hakusensha's shōjo manga magazine LaLa since 2009, and has been collected in twenty-seven tankōbon volumes. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation by Brain's Base aired between January 7 and March 25, 2018. An OVA episode was announced in June 2018 and was bundled with the seventh DVD and Blu-Ray releases of the show.

Hakusensha
Hakusensha, Incorporated (株式会社白泉社, Kabushiki-gaisha Hakusensha) is a Japanese publishing company. It is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo.

The company mainly publishes manga magazines and is involved in series' productions in their games, original video animation, music, and their animated TV series.

The company is part of the Hitotsubashi Group.
Mazinger Z (1994 video game)
Mazinger Z (マジンガーZ) is scrolling shooter arcade video game developed by Eighting and Eleven and originally released in Japan by Banpresto in 1994. It is based on the manga of the same name by Go Nagai. The game was distributed digitally by Hamster Corporation in 2023 as part of the Arcade Archives series for the PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch.

Hamster Corporation
Hamster Corporation (株式会社ハムスター, Kabushiki-gaisha Hamusutā) is a Japanese video game publisher, with office located in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. It was formed in November 1999 as a spin off of Toshiba-EMI Limited's gaming division.

On the Japanese PlayStation Store, more than 380 titles are distributed under the Arcade Archives brand, and 108 under the ACA Neo Geo brand.
Novenke, Sumy Oblast
Novenke (Ukrainian: Новеньке) is a village in Yunakivka rural hromada, Sumy Raion, Sumy Oblast in Northern Ukraine. According to the 2001 census, the population was 15 people, but by 2023, only 3 residents remained in the village. In 2025, Russia captured the village through a cross-border offensive.

Sumy Raion
Sumy Raion (Ukrainian: Сумський район, romanized: Sumskyi raion) is a raion (district) in Sumy Oblast in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the city of Sumy, which was formerly administratively incorporated as a city of oblast significance until 2020. Population: 434,316 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Sumy Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Sumy Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 61,836 (2020 est.).
Herman H. Fussler
Herman Howe Fussler (May 15, 1914 – March 2, 1997) was an American librarian, library administrator, teacher, writer and editor, who was a pioneer in the use of microphotography. He was the librarian for the Manhattan Project.  Fussler was ranked as one of the "100 of the Most Important Leaders we had in the 20th Century" by American Libraries. Fussler served as director of the University of Chicago libraries from 1948 to 1971, was Dean of the University of Chicago Graduate Library School, from 1961 to 1963, and was instrumental in the founding of the Regenstein Library. He helped create the Center for Research Libraries. He was an elected fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Microphotograph
Microphotographs are photographs shrunk to microscopic scale. Microphotography is the art of making such images. Applications of microphotography include espionage such as in the Hollow Nickel Case, where they are known as microfilm.

Using the daguerreotype process, John Benjamin Dancer was one of the first to produce microphotographs, in 1839.
He achieved a reduction ratio of 160:1. Dancer perfected his reduction procedures with Frederick Scott Archer's wet collodion process, developed in 1850–51, but he dismissed his decades-long work on microphotographs as a personal hobby, and did not document his procedures. The idea that microphotography could be no more than a novelty was an opinion shared by the 1858 Dictionary of Photography, which called the process "somewhat trifling and childish."

Novelty viewing devices such as Stanhopes were once a popular way to carry and view microphotographs.
Sarah P. Harkness
Sarah Pillsbury Harkness (July 8, 1914 – May 22, 2013) was an American architect. She was a co-founder of The Architects Collaborative (TAC), an influential design firm that operated between the years of 1945 and 1995 based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. At TAC, she was partner-in-charge on a wide range of building projects, particularly for educational institutions. She was author, co-author, and editor of numerous writings on the topic of design. She was one of the founders of the Six Moon Hill neighborhood in Lexington, Massachusetts where she lived for over 60 years.

Lexington, Massachusetts
Lexington is a suburban town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, located 10 miles (16 km) from Downtown Boston. The population was 34,454 as of the 2020 census.  The area was originally inhabited by Native Americans, and was first settled by Europeans c. 1642 as a farming community. Lexington is well known as the site of the first shots of the American Revolutionary War, in the Battle of Lexington on April 19, 1775, where the "Shot heard 'round the world" took place. It is home to Minute Man National Historical Park.
Tommaso De Vivo
Tommaso De Vivo (1787–1884) was an Italian painter, active mainly in Naples, Italy. He painted mostly historical and religious subjects.

He studied at the Accademia di Belli Arti of Naples, and followed the style of Vincenzo Camuccini. He painted a Death of Abel for the Palace of Capodimonte, and won a prize in 1851 for his painting of Rape of the Venetian Brides. He painted an altarpiece with Death of St. Andrea da Avellino for the church of San Francesco di Paola. He published a series of colored engravings about the history of Naples: I fasti della storia napolitana. Tavole all'acqua forte inventate ed incise dal cavaliere Tommaso De Vivo.

Vincenzo Camuccini
Vincenzo Camuccini (22 February 1771 – 2 September 1844) was an Italian Neoclassical painter. He was considered the premier academic painter of his time in Rome. Camuccini was known for his sober grandeur and archeological accuracy.
John Blakeney (died 1789)
John Blakeney (c. 1729 – 25 July 1789) was an Irish soldier.

He was son of John Blakeney and Grace Perrse, grandson of Robert Blakeney, brother of Robert Blakeney, Theophilus Blakeney and William Blakeney, and uncle of John Blakeney and Edward Blakeney.

As a soldier John Blakeney fought in the Battle of Culloden, the Battle of Matinico and the siege of Havana and reached the rank of Colonel.

He represented Athenry in the Irish House of Commons from 1763 to his death. 
He was High Sheriff of County Galway for 1768.

He died unmarried.

John Blakeney (died 1781)
John Blakeney (12 September 1756 – 23 August 1781) was an Irish Member of Parliament.

The son of Robert Blakeney, he was elected to the Irish House of Commons for the family borough of Athenry in June 1776, sitting until his death at age 24. He also served in the army as a Lieutenant in the 14th Dragoons.
Cheongyang chili pepper
The Cheongyang chili pepper (Korean: 청양고추) is a medium-sized chili cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum, with intensity of 10,000 Scoville heat units. Cheongyang chili peppers look similar to regular Korean chili peppers, but are many times spicier.

The chili is a local speciality of Cheongyang County in South Korea. However, it was named after Cheongsong and Yeongyang Counties when developed by Yoo Il-Woong, by hybridizing local Jeju Province chili with Thai chili. The fruits can be light purple or green when unripe, and darken to a deep red as they ripen. The peppers retain their dark red color when dried. In the 1990s, the rights of the pepper were sold to Monsanto.

Bird's eye chili
Bird's eye chili or Thai chili (Thai: พริกขี้หนู, romanized: prik ki nu, lit. ''mouse-dropping chili'' owing to its shape) is a chili pepper variety from the species Capsicum annuum that is native to Mexico. Cultivated across Southeast Asia, it is used extensively in many Asian cuisines. It may be mistaken for a similar-looking chili derived from the species Capsicum frutescens, the cultivar siling labuyo. Capsicum frutescens fruits are generally smaller and characteristically point upwards. In the Marianas and Guam, these are often called boonie peppers or Doni Sali, which can be a term for regional wild (technically feral) varieties. The variation between different varieties can be significant for regional dishes or visuals, such as the Thai ornamental varieties.
Red Spears' uprising in Shandong (1928–1929)
The Red Spear Society staged a major uprising in 1928–1929 against the rule of Liu Zhennian, the Nationalist government-aligned warlord ruler of eastern Shandong province in Republican China. Motivated by their resistance against high taxes, rampant banditry and the brutality of Liu's private army, the Red Spear peasant insurgents captured large areas on the Shandong Peninsula and were able to set up a proto-state in Dengzhou county. Despite this, the whole insurgency was eventually crushed by Liu in late 1929.

Banditry
Banditry is a type of organized crime committed by outlaws typically involving the threat or use of violence. A person who engages in banditry is known as a bandit and primarily commits crimes such as extortion, robbery, kidnapping, and murder, either as an individual or in groups. Banditry is a vague concept of criminality and in modern usage can be synonymous with gangsterism, brigandage, marauding, terrorism, piracy, and thievery.
Boat Club metro station
Boat Club is an upcoming underground metro station on the East-West Corridor of the Yellow Line of Chennai Metro in Chennai, India. This metro station will be among the 30 stations of Corridor IV and 12 underground stations along Corridor IV of the Chennai Metro, Poonamallee Bypass–Lighthouse stretch. This metro station is slated to be commercialized on December 2027.

Lighthouse metro station
Lighthouse Metro station is a Metro railway station under construction in Yellow Line of the Chennai Metro Phase-2. The station is one among the 30 stations along Line 4 of the Chennai Metro and one of the 12 underground stations in that corridor. It is the terminal station for the stretch between Lighthouse and Poonamallee Bypass. The station will serve the neighbourhoods of Triplicane, Mylapore, and Santhome.
Jaya (singer)
Maria Luisa Ramsey Kagahastian (born March 21, 1970), known professionally as Jaya (/ˈdʒaɪə/), is a Filipino singer, actress, and television personality. Referred to as the country's "Queen of Soul", she is known for her distinctively deep voice and soulful singing style. She was a talent of GMA Network but later transferred to ABS-CBN, where she served as one of the head jury of the Tawag ng Tanghalan segment of the Philippine noontime variety show It's Showtime and performer on ASAP. Jaya is the second Filipino recording artist to chart in the United States (the first being The Rocky Fellers), with her debut single "If You Leave Me Now" peaking at number 44 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Jaya also ventured into musical theatre, playing the role of Surpanakha in the 1999 Filipino musical Rama at Sita staged at the University of the Philippines Theater.

It's Showtime (Philippine TV program)
It's Showtime (formerly known as Showtime) is a Philippine television variety show broadcast by ABS-CBN and Kapamilya Channel. Originally hosted by Vhong Navarro, Anne Curtis, Kim Atienza, Jugs Jugueta, Teddy Corpuz, and Vice Ganda, the show premiered on October 24, 2009, on the network's PrimeTanghali block, replacing Pilipinas, Game Ka Na Ba?. Navarro, Curtis, Jugueta, Corpuz, Vice Ganda, Karylle, Jhong Hilario, Ryan Bang, Amy Perez, Ion Perez, Jackie Gonzaga, Kim Chiu, Ogie Alcasid, MC "Muah" Calaquian, Lassy Marquez, Cianne Dominguez, and Darren Espanto currently serve as the hosts.
Dart Reefs
The Dart Reefs is a group of reefs in the central area of the Ward Hunt Strait in Milne Bay Province of southeastern Papua New Guinea.

The reefs are ribbon-like structured patch reefs.

They are located approximately 15 km from New Guinea island, and the same distance from Goodenough Island of the D'Entrecasteaux Islands archipelago.

D'Entrecasteaux Islands
D'Entrecasteaux Islands /ˌdɒntrəˈkæstoʊ/ (French: [dɑ̃tʁəkasto]) are situated near the eastern tip of New Guinea in the Solomon Sea in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. The group spans a distance of 160 km (99 mi), has a total land area of approximately 3,100 km2 (1,197 sq mi) and is separated from the Papua New Guinea mainland by the 30 km (19 mi) wide Ward Hunt Strait in the north and the 18 km (11 mi) wide Goschen Strait in the south. D'Entrecasteaux Islands show signs of volcanism.
Benjamin Thompson House–Count Rumford Birthplace
The Benjamin Thompson House (also known as the Count Rumford Birthplace) is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark at 90 Elm Street, in the North Woburn area of Woburn, Massachusetts. It is significant as the birthplace of scientist and inventor Benjamin Thompson (1753–1814), who became Count Rumford of the Holy Roman Empire as well as Sir Benjamin Thompson of the United Kingdom. His birthplace was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975 in recognition of Rumford's scientific accomplishments, which notably include the development of the Rumford fireplace, a fireplace design that was significantly more efficient at retaining heat in the house than older and larger fireplaces.

Rumford fireplace
A Rumford fireplace, sometimes known as a Rumford stove, is a tall, shallow fireplace designed by Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, an Anglo-American physicist best known for his investigations of heat. Its shallow, angled sides are designed to reflect heat into the room, and its streamlined throat minimizes turbulence, thereby carrying away smoke with little loss of heated room air.
Chicoutimi River
The Chicoutimi River is a watercourse of eastern Quebec, Canada. A tributary of the Saguenay River, which it meets in the city of Saguenay, it is the 26.2-kilometre-long (16.3 mi) main outlet of Kenogami Lake, which rises from a watershed of 3,390 square kilometres (1,310 sq mi) in the Laurentides Wildlife Reserve. Entirely located in the Chicoutimi borough of Saguenay, it is the most urbanized and dammed river in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean.

Used by the Montagnais of the Saguenay River before the arrival of Europeans, it was at that time the first portage from the main access road to Lac Saint-Jean. In the 20th century, it was developed from its source to its mouth for hydropower purposes. In addition to being the source of drinking water for the Chicoutimi and Jonquière boroughs, this river has six dams (including 2 hydroelectric power plants in operation). During the Saguenay flood in 1996, its surge caused significant damage to Laterrière and Chicoutimi.

Laurentides Wildlife Reserve
Réserve faunique des Laurentides (transl. Laurentides Wildlife Reserve), also known by its former name of parc des Laurentides, is a wildlife reserve in Quebec, Canada, located between Quebec City and the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region. This reserve is part of the network of wildlife reserves of Quebec (Canada) managed by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Quebec) and the Société des établissements de plein air du Québec. It is located halfway between Saguenay and Quebec.

The territory of the reserve (7,861 square kilometres (3,035 sq mi)) has over 2000 lakes and many summits of over 1000 meters. The reserve is known by outdoor enthusiasts for hunting and fishing.
2023 Pro Bowl Games
The 2023 Pro Bowl Games (branded as the 2023 Pro Bowl Games presented by Verizon for sponsorship reasons) was the National Football League's all-star game for the 2022 NFL season. For the first time, the event consisted of skills competitions and non-contact flag football games, rather than an actual tackle football game. It was held at Allegiant Stadium in Paradise, Nevada, the Intermountain Healthcare Performance Center in Henderson, Nevada, and Bear's Best Golf Course in Las Vegas, Nevada on February 2 and 5, 2023. Voting began on November 15, 2022, and the rosters were announced on December 21, 2022.

Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the city of Las Vegas. It was formed on December 8, 1950. Its population was 191,238 at the 2020 census, making it the fifth-most-populous CDP in the United States; if it were an incorporated city, it would be the fifth-largest in Nevada. As an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board.

Paradise contains Harry Reid International Airport; the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV); the majority of the Las Vegas Strip; and most of the tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area (excluding downtown). However, all Paradise addresses, as well as other unincorporated areas in the Las Vegas Valley, have "Las Vegas" addresses.
Carmen Sandiego: The Secret of the Stolen Drums
Carmen Sandiego: The Secret of the Stolen Drums is a 2004 action-adventure video game developed by A2M and published by BAM! Entertainment (European distribution being handled by Acclaim Entertainment) under license by The Learning Company. The game is based on the Carmen Sandiego series and features Cole Gannon along with Jules Argent, Shadow Hawkins and the Chief of Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? Treasures of Knowledge. The game was originally scheduled to be released in the U.S. on December 12, 2003, but was delayed by almost nine months; it did, however, get released in the PAL region on March 5, 2004.

Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? Treasures of Knowledge
Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? Treasures of Knowledge (aka Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? and Carmen Sandiego Treasures of Knowledge) is a point-and-click adventure game in the Carmen Sandiego franchise, released in 2001. For its title, the game does not use the long-standing formula of the previous Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? titles. Instead, the game seems to be based on the structure of the newest version of Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego?, which The Learning Company retitled Carmen Sandiego's Great Chase Through Time.

The game was released onto Steam in August 2020, the first CD-ROM era Carmen Sandiego game to be readily available on modern hardware.