hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Power graph analysis
In computational biology, power graph analysis is a method for the analysis and
representation of complex networks.  Power graph analysis is the computation, analysis and visual representation of a power graph from a graph (networks).

Power graph analysis can be thought of as a lossless compression algorithm for graphs. It extends graph syntax with representations of cliques, bicliques and stars. Compression levels of up to 95% have been obtained for complex biological networks.

Hypergraphs are a generalization of graphs in which edges are not just couples of nodes but arbitrary n-tuples. Power graphs are not another generalization of graphs, but instead a novel representation of graphs that proposes a shift from the "node and edge" language to one using cliques, bicliques and stars as primitives.

Complete bipartite graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a complete bipartite graph or biclique is a special kind of bipartite graph where every vertex of the first set is connected to every vertex of the second set.

Graph theory itself is typically dated as beginning with Leonhard Euler's 1736 work on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg. However, drawings of complete bipartite graphs were already printed as early as 1669, in connection with an edition of the works of Ramon Llull edited by Athanasius Kircher. Llull himself had made similar drawings of complete graphs three centuries earlier.
2022 Nobel Peace Prize
The 2022 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to one individual and two organisations which advocate human rights and civil liberty. The recipients were the Belarusian activist Ales Bialiatski (born 1962), the Russian human rights organisation Memorial (founded in 1989) and the Ukrainian human rights organisation Center for Civil Liberties (founded in 2007). The citation given by the Norwegian Nobel Committee were the following:

The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.

Norwegian Nobel Committee
The Norwegian Nobel Committee (Norwegian: Den norske Nobelkomité) selects the recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize each year on behalf of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel's estate, based on instructions of Nobel's will.

Five members are appointed by the Norwegian Parliament. In his will, Alfred Nobel tasked the parliament of Norway with selecting the winners of the Nobel Peace Prize. At the time, there was a union between Sweden and Norway, with a common monarch and common foreign policy.  Despite its members being appointed by Parliament, the committee is a private body tasked with awarding a private prize. In recent decades, most committee members were retired politicians.

The committee is assisted by its secretariat, the Norwegian Nobel Institute. The committee holds their meetings in the institute's building, where the winner is also announced. Since 1990, however, the award ceremony takes place in Oslo City Hall.
Pekka Kuvaja
Armas Petter "Pekka" Kuvaja (15 June 1921, Heinävesi, Finland – 21 November 2003 in Tampere, Finland) was a Finnish cross-country skier who competed in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

He was born in Heinävesi and died in Tampere.

In the 50 km event at the Winter Olympics, he finished seventh in 1948 and ninth in 1952. Also, in 1954, he became the first non-Swede to finish first in the Vasaloppet.

Heinävesi
Heinävesi (Finnish: [ˈhei̯næˌʋesi]; lit. 'hay water') is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the North Karelia region. The municipality has a population of 2,909 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 1,319.58 square kilometres (509.49 sq mi) of which 288.71 km2 (111.47 sq mi) is water. The population density is 2.82 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.3/sq mi). Neighbouring municipalities are Savonlinna, Varkaus, Leppävirta, Tuusniemi, Outokumpu and Liperi. The city of Joensuu is located 81 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Heinävesi. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

In 2021, Heinävesi had its region reassigned from South Savo to North Karelia.

The only Orthodox Christian monasteries in Finland, the New Valamo Monastery and the Lintula Holy Trinity Convent, are located in Heinävesi.
Mark Williams (actor)
Mark Williams  is an English actor, comedian, presenter and screenwriter. He first achieved widespread recognition as one of the central performers in the BBC sketch show The Fast Show. His film roles include Horace in 101 Dalmatians (1996) and Arthur Weasley in seven of the Harry Potter films. He appeared in Doctor Who and Red Dwarf. Since 2013, Williams has portrayed the title character in the long-running BBC series loosely based on the Father Brown short stories by G. K. Chesterton.

101 Dalmatians (1996 film)
101 Dalmatians is a 1996 American adventure comedy film. Directed by Stephen Herek and written by John Hughes, it is a live-action remake of Walt Disney's 1961 animated film, which was based on the 1956 novel The Hundred and One Dalmatians. The film stars Glenn Close, Jeff Daniels, Joely Richardson and Joan Plowright. It was produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Great Oaks Entertainment. Unlike the 1961 original film, none of the animal characters speak.

101 Dalmatians was released on November 27, 1996, by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution and grossed $321 million against a $67 million budget, making it the sixth-highest-grossing film of 1996. It received mixed reviews from critics. Close was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, while the film was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair.
Achi people
The Achi are a Maya ethnic group in Guatemala. They live in various municipalities in the department of Baja Verapaz. The municipalities they live in are Cubulco, Rabinal, San Miguel Chicaj, Salamá, San Jerónimo, and Purulhá, in addition to parts of Granados and el Chol.

They speak Achi, which is closely related to Kʼicheʼ.

San Jerónimo, Baja Verapaz
San Jerónimo (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ xeˈɾonimo]) is a town and municipality in the Baja Verapaz department of Guatemala. The municipality is situated at 940 metres above sea level and has a population of 25,459 (2018 census). It covers an area of 275 km². The annual festival is September 28 – September 30.

The predominant language is Spanish. There is a party and main fair held from 27 to 30 September each year, in honor of the patron Saint Jerome.
J. Gifford Scarborough
Joseph Gifford Scarborough (died February 20, 1969) was an American politician and lawyer from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Cecil County from 1947 to 1950.

Cecil County, Maryland
Cecil County is located in the U.S. state of Maryland at the northeastern corner of the state, bordering both Pennsylvania and Delaware. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 103,725. The county seat is Elkton. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state.

The county was named for Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (1605–1675), the first Proprietary Governor of the Province (colony) of Maryland. With the eastern part of the county closer to Philadelphia than Baltimore, it is part of the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located in Wilmington's Radio Market and Baltimore's Designated Market Area.
NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)
The NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi) (abbr. NTRTDP-LP) was a regional political party in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was founded by Lakshmi Parvathi, the second wife of the film star and Telugu Desam Party (TDP) founder N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) in 1996. The party was formed after NTR's death to counter the TDP but failed to make any significant electoral impact. In 2014, Parvathi joined the YSR Congress Party and NTRTDP-LP was delisted by the Election Commission of India in 2016.

YSR Congress Party
The Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (lit. 'Youth, Labour, and Farmer Congress Party', YSRCP or YCP), often shortened to simply the YSR Congress Party, is an Indian regional political party based in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The party was initially registered with Election Commission of India by Kolishetti Shiva Kumar. Thereafter, the party was taken over by its current president, Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, having served as the state's chief minister from 2019-2024. It currently has 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.
Knut Hove
Knut Hove (born 21 February 1946) is a Norwegian veterinarian.

He was born in Oslo. He took the dr.scient. degree in 1974, and the dr.med.vet. degree in 1978. In 1987 he was appointed as professor the Norwegian College of Agriculture. He became rector there in 2000; the institution changed its name to the Norwegian University of Life Sciences in 2005.

Norwegian University of Life Sciences
The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (Norwegian: Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet, NMBU) is a public university located in Ås, Norway. It is located  in Akershus county and has around 7,700 students.
Mand Gurdaspur
Mand Gurdaspur  is a village in Bhulath Tehsil in Kapurthala district of Punjab State, India. It is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Bhulath, 33 kilometres (21 mi) away from district headquarter Kapurthala.  The village is administered by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of the village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).

Kapurthala
Kapurthala (Punjabi pronunciation: [kə.puːɾ.t̪ʰə.läː]) is a city in the Punjab state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Kapurthala District. It was the capital of the Kapurthala State, a princely state in British India. It is an immediate neighbour of Jalandhar city proper, and a part of the Jalandhar Metropolitan Region. The aesthetic mix of the city, with its prominent buildings based on French and Indo-Saracenic architecture self-narrate its princely past. And for this reason, it has often been referred to as the “Paris of Punjab”. It is also known as the 'City of Palaces & Gardens'. According to the 2011 census, Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.
Ibn Marzuq al-Khatib
Ibn Marzuq (full name: Shams al-Din Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-ʿAjisi al-Tilimsani, also known as al-Khatib (the Preacher) or al-Jadd (the Grandfather) or al-Rais (the Leader); c. 1310–1379) was a prominent 14th-century faqīh from Tlemcen (modern Algeria).

Tlemcen
Tlemcen (/tlɛmˈsɛn/; Arabic: تِلِمْسَان, romanized: Tilimsān) is the second-largest city in northwestern Algeria after Oran and the capital of Tlemcen Province. The city has developed leather, carpet, and textile industries, which it exports through the port of Rachgoun. It had a population of 140,158, as of the 2008 census.

A major centre of the Central Maghreb, the city is a mix of Arab, Berber, Andalusi, Ottoman, and Western influences. From this mosaic of influences, the city derives the title of capital of Andalusian art in Algeria. Various titles are attributed to the city including "the Pearl of the Maghreb", "the African Granada" and "the Medina of the West".
Splitting Image (Kam Moye album)
Splitting Image is the third full-length studio album by American rapper Supastition. It was released on October 27, 2009, via MYX Music Label. Production was handled by D.R., Jake One, Veterano, Vitamin D, Illmind, Khrysis, Marco Polo, M-Phazes, SIC Beats and Symbolyc One. It features guest appearances from Ayah Marar, Baba Zumbi, Buff1, Lil' Sci, Neenah, One Be Lo, Phonte, Tenille, and Tiffany Paige.

Symbolyc One
Larry Darnell Griffin Jr. (born August 3, 1976), known professionally as Symbolyc One (or S1), is an American record producer from Waco, Texas. He signed with Kanye West's GOOD Music as an in-house staffer on the label's Very GOOD Beats production wing by 2013. His production credits include West's 2010 single "Power", Beyoncé's 2011 single "Best Thing I Never Had", and 50 Cent's 2012 single "My Life"—each have peaked within the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100. He has won three Grammy Awards throughout his career.
Thelepte
Thelepte (Berber languages: تلابت) was a city in the Roman province of Byzacena, now in western Tunisia. It is located near the border with Algeria about 5 km north from the modern town of Fériana and 30 km south-west of the provincial capital Kasserine.

Fériana
Fériana (Arabic: فريانة) is a town and commune in the Kasserine Governorate, Tunisia. As of 2004 it had a population of 26,504. It is 35 km from Kasserine and 75 from Gafsa.

Located in the southern part of the Tunisian ridge, at 745 meters of altitude, it is one of the highest cities of Tunisia. It has a semi-arid climate in cool winter and receives about 350 millimeters of rain per year. Vegetation is scarce except a few steppes of alfa (spartum lygum) and vestiges of an Aleppo pine forest.

Each year in August, the town hosts a festival celebrating the culture of the Ouled Sidi Tlil tribe, particularly its cavalry.
Ronald Otti
Ronald Otti  (born 6 December 2000) is a Ugandan professional footballer who plays as a defender for Kitara FC in the Uganda Premier League and the Uganda national football team. He was named the Uganda Premier League best defender in the 2023–24 season.

Uganda national football team
The Uganda national football team have represented Uganda in men's international football since the first international match in 1926. It is controlled by Federation of Uganda Football Associations (FUFA), the governing body for football in Uganda, which is affiliated with CAF and comes under the global jurisdiction of world football's governing body FIFA. Uganda competes in the three major international tournaments contested by African nations: the FIFA World Cup, Africa Cup of Nations and African Nations League.
Koireng people
The Koireng people are one of the ethnic groups inhabiting Manipur in North-East India. They speak the [Koireng language]. They are mentioned in the Meitei royal chronicle Cheitharol Kumbaba in the year 1404, one of the oldest tribes to be so mentioned. They have a shared common ancestry, history, cultural traits, folklore and dialects with their kindred people like Aimol and Kom.
They use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.

Kom people (Manipur)
The Kom people are a Tibeto-Burmese tribe mainly found in the state of Manipur in the northeastern India. The Kom clans include Karong, Serto, Leivon, Mangte and Tellien. They speak Kom natively, a Tibeto-Burman language, but also use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.

According to the 2001 Census of India, the population of Kom people is 14,602.
Legality of ridesharing companies by jurisdiction
The legality of ridesharing companies by jurisdiction varies; in some areas they are considered to be illegal taxi operations, while in other areas, they are subject to regulations that can include requirements for driver background checks, fares, caps on the number of drivers in an area, insurance, licensing, and minimum wage.

Illegal taxi operation
Illegal taxicabs, sometimes known as pirate taxis, gypsy cabs, or jitney cabs, are taxis and other vehicles for hire that operate illegally because they do not have proper licenses, permits, registrations, and accreditations, safety inspections, vehicle insurance, and/or taximeters. Illegal cabs may be marked taxi vehicles or be personal vehicles used by an individual to offer unauthorized taxi-like services. Illegal cabs are prevalent in cities with medallion systems, which restrict the number of legal cabs in operation.
Everything You Do
"Everything You Do" is a single by Norwegian pop duo M2M, composed of singers Marion Raven and Marit Larsen. It was the third and final single from their debut album Shades of Purple. It peaked at No. 21 on the Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales.

Marion Raven
Marion Elise Ravn (born 25 May 1984), better known as Marion Raven, is a Norwegian singer and songwriter. She formed the pop duo M2M with Marit Larsen, though they ceased performing together in 2002. Raven was later signed as a solo artist by Atlantic Records with the release of her solo debut album, Here I Am in 2005. In 2006, Raven was signed to the indie record label, Eleven Seven, and in 2007 re-released the songs on her debut album along with a few new songs on an album titled Set Me Free. In 2012, Raven began production of her second album, Songs from a Blackbird, which was released in 2013.

Raven has also written tracks for other artists such as Pixie Lott. She has also lent her voice to the Norwegian version of Tangled.
Monze
Monze is a prominent town in the Southern Province of Zambia, with a population of 268,432 according to the 2022 census. It is located about 180 kilometers south-west of Lusaka. It serves as the administrative center for the Monze District.

The town is named after Chief Monze, widely acknowledged as the spiritual leader of the Tonga people who inhabit the district. His palace is south of the town near a place called Gonde where a ceremony called Lwiindi takes place. This annual festival is a thanksgiving ceremony which attracts many people from around the country.

Monze is a rapidly urbanising town with growth extending along the railway line and T1 highway. The town is divided into neighbourhoods known locally as ‘compounds’. There is a substantial open-air market in Monze and a small but growing range of agri-dealerships, shops, bars and restaurants.

Tonga people (Zambia and Zimbabwe)
The Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe are a Bantu ethnic group of southern Zambia and  northern Zimbabwe. They are related to the Batoka who are part of the Tokaleya people in the same area, but not to the Tonga people of Malawi who  belong to a larger Tumbuka people group who speak a dialect of Chitumbuka, called Chitonga. In southern Zambia, they are patrons of the Kafue Twa.

Lwiindi is an annual festival of the Tonga people of southern Zambia. It is a thanksgiving ceremony to appease the gods for the good rains and harvest. It is held in early July.
The Tides of Barnegat
The Tides of Barnegat is a lost 1917 American drama silent film directed by Marshall Neilan and written by Francis Hopkinson Smith and Eve Unsell. The film stars Blanche Sweet, Elliott Dexter, Tom Forman, Norma Nichols, Billy Jacobs and Walter Rodgers. The film was released on April 12, 1917, by Paramount Pictures.

Blanche Sweet
Sarah Blanche Sweet (June 18, 1896 – September 6, 1986) was an American silent film actress who began her career in the early days of the motion picture film industry. Throughout her career, Sweet appeared in 121 silent films and three sound films.
Wednesbury Oak Loop
The Wednesbury Oak Loop, sometimes known as the Bradley Arm, is a canal in the West Midlands, England. It is part of the Birmingham Canal Navigations (BCN), and was originally part of James Brindley's main line, but became a loop when Thomas Telford's improvements of the 1830s bypassed it by the construction of the Coseley Tunnel. The south-eastern end of the loop was closed and in parts built over, following the designation of the entire loop as "abandoned" in 1954, including the section which was filled in at the beginning of the 1960s to make way for the Glebefields Estate in Tipton.

Thomas Telford
Thomas Telford FRS FRSE (9 August 1757 – 2 September 1834) was a Scottish civil engineer. After establishing himself as an engineer of road and canal projects in Shropshire, he designed numerous infrastructure projects in his native Scotland, as well as harbours and tunnels. Such was his reputation as a prolific designer of highways and related bridges, he was dubbed the 'Colossus of Roads' (a pun on the Colossus of Rhodes), and, reflecting his command of all types of civil engineering in the early 19th century, he was elected as the first president of the Institution of Civil Engineers, a post he held for 14 years until his death. The town of Telford in Shropshire was named after him.
Philip Workman
Philip Ray Workman (June 1, 1953 – May 9, 2007) was a death row inmate executed in Tennessee on May 9, 2007. He was convicted in 1982 for the murder of a police officer following a robbery of a Wendy's restaurant in Memphis, Tennessee, and sentenced to death by lethal injection.

Wendy's
Wendy's International, LLC, is an American international fast food restaurant chain founded by Dave Thomas on November 15, 1969, in Columbus, Ohio. Its headquarters moved to Dublin, Ohio, on January 29, 2006. On September 29, 2008, the company merged with Triarc, the publicly traded parent company of Arby's. As of December 31, 2018, Wendy's was the world's third-largest hamburger fast-food chain, following McDonald's and Burger King.

As of November 2, 2023, there were 7,166 Wendy's outlets, of which 415 are company-owned and 6,751 franchised, 83% of which are in the United States. The company specifies stores' standards; owners control opening hours, decor, and staff uniforms and pay.

The chain serves square hamburger patties on circular buns, sea salt fries, and the Frosty, soft ice cream mixed with starches. The food menu consists primarily of hamburgers, chicken sandwiches, and French fries. The company discontinued its Big Classic signature sandwich.
Noshirvan Nagarwala
Noshirvan Nagarwala (10 October 1909 – 10 September 1998) was an Indian cricket umpire. He stood in five Test matches between 1952 and 1960.

In the 1930s, Nagarwala appeared in 11 first-class matches as a player, with Maharashtra, Parsees and Dr HD Kanga's Parsees XI.

Hormasji Kanga
Dr Hormasji Dorabji Kanga also known as HD Kanga (9 April 1880 – 29 December 1945) was an Indian cricketer who played first-class cricket for the Parsis (sometimes spelt Parsees) cricket team between 1899 and 1921 as an all-rounder and opening batsman. He was the first Indian to score a double century in a first-class match, and the Kanga Cricket League is named after him. His older twin brothers Dinshaw and MD also played first-class cricket for Parsees.
5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate—homocysteine S-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate—homocysteine S-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-homocysteine  tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate + L-methionine

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate and L-homocysteine, whereas its two products are tetrahydropteroyltri-L-glutamate and L-methionine. This enzyme participates in methionine metabolism.  It has 2 cofactors: orthophosphate,  and zinc.

Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) (/mɪˈθaɪəniːn/) is an essential amino acid in humans. Compared to other amino acids, methionine has particularly decisive biosynthetic roles. It is the precursor to the amino acid cysteine and the pervasive methylation agent rSAM. Methionine is required for protein synthesis, which is initiated by N-formylmethionine-sRNA.

Methionine was first isolated in 1921 by John Howard Mueller. It is encoded by the codon AUG. It was named by Satoru Odake in 1925, as an abbreviation of its structural description 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid.