hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cichoń's diagram
In set theory, 
Cichoń's diagram  or Cichon's diagram is a table of 10 infinite cardinal numbers related to the set theory of the reals displaying the provable relations between these 
cardinal characteristics of the continuum.  All these cardinals are greater than or equal to , the smallest uncountable cardinal, and they are bounded above by , the cardinality of the continuum.  Four cardinals describe properties of the ideal of sets of measure zero; four more describe the corresponding properties of the ideal of meager sets (first category sets).

Ideal on a set
In mathematics, an ideal on a set is a family of subsets that is closed under subsets and finite unions. Informally, sets that belong to the ideal are considered "small" or "negligible".

The concept is generalized both by ideals on a partially ordered set (an ideal on a set  is an ideal on the powerset  partially ordered by inclusion), and by ideals on rings (an ideal on  is an ideal on the Boolean ring ). The notion dual to ideals is filters.
Saturday Morning Club
The Saturday Morning Club, established by Julia Ward Howe in 1871, is an organization for women's community and intellectual growth in Boston, Massachusetts. From the club's inception to the start of World War I, the club hosted prominent speakers, discussed academic subjects, and held theatrical performances. Presently operating out of the Harvard Club of Boston, The Saturday Morning Club is an exclusive organization for members to share written works on academic topics.

Julia Ward Howe
Julia Ward Howe (/haʊ/ HOW; May 27, 1819 – October 17, 1910) was an American author and poet, known for writing the "Battle Hymn of the Republic" as new lyrics to the song "John Brown's Body," and the original 1870 pacifist Mothers' Day Proclamation. She was also an advocate for abolitionism and a social activist, particularly for women's suffrage.
The Tale of the Princes of Vladimir
The Tale of the Princes of Vladimir (Russian: Сказание о князьях Владимирских, romanized: Skazanie o knyazyakh Vladimirskikh), also known as The Tale of the Grand Princes of Vladimir of Great Russia, is a Russian literary monument of the early 16th century. It contains a genealogy of the Muscovite princely family and therefore the Rurik dynasty.

It has been attributed either to Dmitry Gerasimov or Pachomius the Serb, among other learned monks. Along with the Book of Royal Degrees, it was used by Ivan IV of Russia to legitimize his claim of being the rightful ruler of all Orthodox Christians. In particular, it was used to strengthen the authority of the grand prince, and then tsar.

Moscow, third Rome
Moscow, third Rome (Russian: Москва — третий Рим; Moskva, tretiĭ Rim) is a theological and political concept asserting Moscow as the successor to ancient Rome, carrying forward the legacy of the Roman Empire. The term "third Rome" refers to a historical topic of debate in European culture originating in Eastern Orthodox circles: the question of the successor city to the "first Rome" (Rome, within the Western Roman Empire) and the "second Rome" (Constantinople, within the Eastern Roman Empire). The Ottoman Empire, likewise, claimed to be the true successors of the Roman Empire after their conquest of Constantinople.
Aspetuck Valley Trail
The Aspetuck Valley Trail is a 5.9-mile (9.5 km) Blue-Blazed hiking trail in the Aspetuck River Valley area of Fairfield County in the towns of Newtown, Easton and Redding Connecticut.

The trail follows the Aspetuck River through Centennial Watershed State Forest and Aspetuck Land Trust parcels.  The Aspetuck Valley Trail is a mostly straight linear north to south trail.  The northern end of the trail veers eastward to connect to the local trail system in the Collis P. Huntington State Park.

Notable features include the Poverty Hollow and Valley scenic roads, Aspetuck River, bogs, the dam on Hedmon's pond, modest high points and scenic overlooks as well as several stone fences.

The trail opened on June 2, 2007, after the 19th edition of the Connecticut Walk Book West had gone to press in 2006. The Aspetuck Valley Trail is maintained largely through the efforts of the Connecticut Forest and Park Association and the Nature Conservancy.

The Nature Conservancy
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a global environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, United States. As of 2021, it works via affiliates or branches in 79 countries and territories, as well as across every state in the US.

Founded in 1951, The Nature Conservancy has over one million members globally as of 2021 and has protected more than 119 million acres (48 million ha) of land in its history. As of 2014, it is the largest environmental non-profit organization by assets and revenue in the Americas.
Judy Amabile
Judith "Judy" Amabile is an American politician and businesswoman who served as a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 49th district and, prior to 2023, the 13th district. Elected in November 2020, she assumed office on January 13, 2021. In 2025, she was sworn in as a Colorado State Senator for District 18.

Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
Brewlands Bridge
Brewlands Bridge is a hamlet in Glen Isla, Angus, Scotland. It is lies situated on the River Isla, eleven miles north-west of Kirriemuir and ten miles north of Blairgowrie, on the B951 road.

The original single segmented arch bridge, dating to the early 19th century remains, although it has been bypassed by a modern replacement.

River Isla, Perthshire
The River Isla (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Ìl)  is a tributary of the River Tay in Angus and Perthshire, Scotland. It rises in the Grampians before flowing down through Glen Isla into the Valley of Strathmore. After a course of 46 miles (74 km), it falls into the Tay near Meikleour. Its tributaries include the Ericht.
SCANFAR
The Hughes SCANFAR was the first phased array radar system to be deployed by the US Navy, installed on the USS Long Beach (CGN-9) and USS Enterprise (CVN-65). It consisted of two search radars, the AN/SPS-32 and the AN/SPS-33. In 1982, the system was removed from Long Beach, and was replaced by the AN/SPS-48 during a comprehensive overhaul.  Aboard the Long Beach, the system used AN/SPG-55 radars for missile guidance.

Despite its failure to enter widespread service, the lessons learned were applied to the follow-on Aegis Combat System and the associated AN/SPY-1 passive electronically scanned array (PESA) radar.

Aegis Combat System
The Aegis Combat System is an American integrated naval weapons system, which uses computers and radars to track and guide weapons to destroy enemy targets. It was developed by the Missile and Surface Radar Division of RCA, and it is now produced by Lockheed Martin.

Initially used by the United States Navy, Aegis is now used also by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, Spanish Navy, Royal Norwegian Navy, Republic of Korea Navy, and Royal Australian Navy, and is planned for use by the Royal Canadian Navy. As of 2022, a total of 110 Aegis-equipped ships have been deployed, and 71 more are planned (see operators).

Aegis BMD (Ballistic Missile Defense) capabilities are being developed as part of the NATO missile defense system.
Mammary alveolus
Chest wall

Pectoralis muscles

Lobules

Nipple

Areola

Milk duct

Fatty tissue

Skin

A mammary alveolus (pl.: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity") is a small cavity or sac found in the mammary gland. Mammary alveoli are the site of milk production and storage in the mammary gland. Mammary alveoli cluster into groups called mammary lobules, and each breast may contain 15 to 20 of these lobules. The lobules drain milk through the lactiferous ducts out of the nipples.

Lobe (anatomy)
In anatomy, a lobe is a clear anatomical division or extension of an organ (as seen for example in the brain, lung, liver, or kidney) that can be determined without the use of a microscope at the gross anatomy level. This is in contrast to the much smaller lobule, which is a clear division only visible under the microscope.

Interlobar ducts connect lobes and interlobular ducts connect lobules.
Pokémon Super Mystery Dungeon
Pokémon Super Mystery Dungeon is a roguelike video game in the Pokémon Mystery Dungeon series developed by Spike Chunsoft and  published by The Pokémon Company and Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console. Like its predecessors, players control a human who has awoken as a Pokémon in a world filled entirely by Pokémon and must travel through dungeons, completing missions and battling enemies. The game was released in Japan on September 17, 2015; in North America on November 20, 2015; in Europe on February 19, 2016; and in Australia on February 20, 2016.

Spike Chunsoft
Spike Chunsoft Co., Ltd. is a Japanese video game development and localization company specializing in role-playing video games, visual novels and adventure games. The company was founded in 1984 as Chunsoft Co., Ltd. and merged with Spike in 2012. It is owned by Dwango.

It created games such as the first five Dragon Quest installments and the Mystery Dungeon franchise as Chunsoft, and the Conception series as Spike Chunsoft. They also developed titles such as The Portopia Serial Murder Case, the Sound Novel series (consisting of Otogirisō, Kamaitachi no Yoru, Machi and 428: Shibuya Scramble) and the Zero Escape series as Chunsoft. Spike developed Danganronpa before the merger.
1999 FIFA Confederations Cup knockout stage
The knockout stage of the 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup began on 1 August with the semi-final round, and concluded on 4 August 1999 with the final at the Estadio Azteca in Mexico City. The top two teams from each group advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament. A third place match was included and played between the two losing teams of the semi-finals.

In the knockout stage (including the final), if a match was level at the end of 90 minutes, extra time of two periods (15 minutes each) would be played. If the score was still level after extra time, the match would be decided by a penalty shoot-out. Additionally, a golden goal rule was used, according to which if the goal is scored during the extra time, the game ends immediately and the scoring team becomes the winner.

All times CST (UTC−6).

1999 FIFA Confederations Cup
The 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup was the fourth FIFA Confederations Cup, and the second organised by FIFA. The tournament was hosted by Mexico between 24 July and 4 August 1999.

The tournament was won by Mexico, who beat Brazil 4–3 in the final. Mexico became the first host nation to win the FIFA Confederations Cup. The competition was to originally be held in three stadiums, in three cities in the country. However, since the stadiums in Monterrey were sponsored by a competing beer company other than the official advertiser, the city was left out of the tournament altogether. The tournament was originally scheduled for 8–20 January 1999, but was rescheduled by FIFA on 17 November 1998 to accommodate the scheduling of the participating European teams.

The tournament was organized in two groups of four teams, in which two teams from both groups advanced to the semi-finals.
Andrew Fitzgerald
Father Andrew Fitzgerald O.P (30 November 1763 – 14 December 1843) was a Dominican friar and professor of theology from Kilkenny, Ireland. He attended Kilkenny College, and University of Louvain. He was a professor at St. Patrick's College, Carlow.  Fitzgerald taught classics, philosophy, theology and sacred scripture. He was chair of divinity, and  president. at St. Patrick's. In 1811 he set up a school for girls in Carlow town.

Fitzgerald was imprisoned during the Tithe War in 1832 for his refusal to pay tithes. In 1835, the French political philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville said "Mr. Fitzgerald is a lovable old man; democratic and Catholic fervour is shown more openly with him than with the Bishop."

Tithe War
The Tithe War (Irish: Cogadh na nDeachúna) was a campaign of mainly nonviolent civil disobedience, punctuated by sporadic violent episodes, in Ireland between 1830 and 1836 in reaction to the enforcement of tithes on the Roman Catholic majority for the upkeep of the established state church, the Church of Ireland. Tithes were payable in cash or kind and payment was compulsory, irrespective of an individual's religious adherence.
Kentucky Route 676
Kentucky Route 676 (KY 676) is a Kentucky State Highway located almost entirely within the city limits of Frankfort. The four-lane divided highway is locally known as the East–West Connector.

Because Frankfort is bisected by the steep gorge of the Kentucky River, east–west transportation through the city was historically a challenge. The road was built mainly to divert local traffic between the two sides of Frankfort from congested and sometimes hazardous local streets. Its western terminus is at US 127 on the west side of Frankfort, just north of that road's interchange with Interstate 64. The road steeply descends to the river, briefly exiting the city limits just before it crosses the river in unincorporated Franklin County. Immediately after crossing the river, the road reenters Frankfort and ascends toward Its eastern terminus at a single-point urban interchange with US 60 and US 421.

U.S. Route 127 in Kentucky
U.S. Route 127 (US 127) in Kentucky runs 207.7 miles (334.3 km) from the Tennessee state line in rural Clinton County to the Ohio state line in Cincinnati. The southern portion of the route is mostly rural, winding through various small towns along the way. It later runs through the state capital of Frankfort before continuing north, eventually passing through several Cincinnati suburbs in Northern Kentucky, joining US 42 near Warsaw and US 25 in Florence before crossing the Ohio River via the Clay Wade Bailey Bridge.
Natural Disaster (Example song)
"Natural Disaster" is a song by Dutch DJ Laidback Luke and British singer and rapper Example. It was released on 4 October 2011 in the US and on 16 October 2011 in the UK as the third single of Example's third studio album, Playing in the Shadows, with an entire remix EP on iTunes. A 5-minute extended explicit album version of the song was included on the album Playing in the Shadows. The song was written by Example, Laidback Luke, and Dipesh Parmar, and was produced by Laidback Luke.

Laidback Luke
Lucas Cornelis van Scheppingen (born 22 October 1976), better known under his stage name Laidback Luke, is a Filipino-born Dutch DJ and record producer. He notably remixed the Robin S. song, "Show Me Love" which charted at No. 11 on the UK charts in 2009. He is also the founder of Mixmash Records.
Underdog (Banks song)
"Underdog" is a song by American singer and songwriter Banks. It was released on September 28, 2017 after premiering on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio show. The song was written by Banks and Al Shux and produced by the latter.

Al Shux
Alexander Shuckburgh, better known by his stage name Al Shux, is a British record producer and songwriter from London, England. He is perhaps best known for his production work on Jay-Z's 2009 single, "Empire State of Mind", which peaked on the Billboard Hot 100. Furthermore, he has been credited on releases for Kendrick Lamar, SZA, Doja Cat, Kali Uchis, Alicia Keys, Kelela, BANKS, Snoop Dogg, Nas, Santigold, La Roux, Plan B, Tinie Tempah and Lana Del Rey, among others.
Prostřední Suchá
Prostřední Suchá (Polish: Sucha Średnia, German: Mittel Suchau) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Havířov in 1960. It has a population of 4,595 (2020). The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.

The name is of topographic origin, supposedly derived from an older name of a hypothetical river or stream Sucha, literally dry, therefore disappearing. The supplementary adjective Prostřední (German: Mittel, Polish: Średnia) means middle denoting its middle location in comparison to sister settlements: Dolní Suchá (Lower) and Horní Suchá (Upper).

Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia (Polish: Śląsk Cieszyński [ˈɕlɔ̃sk tɕɛˈʂɨj̃skʲi] ⓘ; Czech: Těšínské Slezsko [ˈcɛʃiːnskɛː ˈslɛsko] ⓘ or Těšínsko [ˈcɛʃiːnsko] ⓘ; German: Teschener Schlesien or Olsagebiet) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic. It covers an area of about 2,280 square kilometres (880 sq mi) and has about 810,000 inhabitants, of which 1,002 square kilometres (387 sq mi) (44%) is in Poland, while 1,280 square kilometres (494 sq mi) (56%) is in the Czech Republic.

The historical boundaries of the region are roughly the same as those of the former independent Duchy of Cieszyn. Currently, over half of Cieszyn Silesia forms one of the euroregions, the Cieszyn Silesia Euroregion, with the rest of it belonging to Euroregion Beskydy.
1994 Mayo West by-election
A by-election was held in the Dáil Éireann constituency of Mayo West in Ireland on Thursday, 9 June 1994. It followed the resignation of Fianna Fáil TD Pádraig Flynn after being appointed a European Commissioner.

The election was won by Fine Gael Mayo County Councillor Michael Ring.

Among the candidates were Pádraig Flynn's daughter, Beverley Cooper Flynn and Jerry Cowley, both of whom would go on to serve as TDs.

On the same day, a by-election took place in Dublin South-Central.

Pádraig Flynn
Pádraig Flynn (born 9 May 1939) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as European Commissioner for Social Affairs from 1993 to 1999, Minister for Industry and Commerce and Minister for Justice from 1992 to 1993, Minister for the Environment from 1987 to 1991, Minister for Trade, Commerce and Tourism from October 1982 to December 1982, Minister for the Gaeltacht from March 1982 to October 1982 and Minister of State at the Department of Transport from 1980 to 1981. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Mayo West constituency from 1977 to 1994.
HMAS Olive Cam
HMAS Olive Cam was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. She was launched in 1920 by Cook, Welton & Gemmell at Beverley as Nodzu. The ship operated in Australian waters from 1929, and was requisitioned by the RAN on 18 September 1939. She was returned to her owners on 24 April 1946, before being wrecked near Green Cape Lighthouse, Eden, New South Wales on 2 November 1954 with the loss of three lives.

Eden, New South Wales
Eden is a coastal town in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.  The town is 478 kilometres (297 mi) south of the state capital Sydney and is the most southerly town in New South Wales, located between Nullica Bay to the south and Calle Calle Bay, the northern reach of Twofold Bay, and built on undulating land adjacent to the third-deepest natural harbour in the southern hemisphere, and Snug Cove on its western boundary. At the 2016 census, Eden had a population of 3,151.

The eastern coastline has rugged cliffs at the southern end and a wide, sandy surf beach, Aslings Beach, north of the cliffs. The beach ends at the entrance to Lake Curalo, a safe boating inlet of Twofold Bay. Although the urban settlement of Eden commenced in 1843 the settlement was not officially proclaimed as a township until 20 March 1885. The town's main industries include fishing, forestry, and tourism.
1961 Miami Hurricanes football team
The 1961 Miami Hurricanes football team was an American football team that represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1961 college football season. In their 14th year under head coach Andy Gustafson, the Hurricanes compiled a 7–4 record, outscored opponents by a total of 146 to 85, and were ranked No. 19 in the final UPI poll. They defeated Penn State (25–8), Georgia (32–7), and Florida (15–6) in the regular season and lost to Syracuse (14–15) in the 1961 Liberty Bowl.

The team was led on offense by quarterback George Mira (896 passing yards), end Bill Miller (637 receiving yards), and fullback Jim Vollenweider (472 yards). Miller was a consensus first-team pick on the 1961 All-America college football team.

The team played its home games at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida.

1961 All-America college football team
The 1961 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1961. The six selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1961 season are (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (4) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (5) the Sporting News, and (6) the United Press International (UPI).
Sabatinca aurella
Sabatinca aurella is a species of moth of the family Micropterigidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. The larvae of this species are variable in appearance but tend to be coloured yellow-green with greyish patches. The adults of the species have a pale golden appearance with silver or purple coloured bars on the forewings. The moth has an approximate wingspan of around 1 cm. This species is found from the Coromandel Peninsula to the Fox Glacier and is on the wing from September to January. A larval host species is the liverwort Heteroscyphus lingulatus. The preferred habitat of this species is at higher altitudes than other New Zealand endemic species in this genus; and the moth tends to prefer forest or subalpine grass or scrubland.

Fox Glacier
Fox Glacier (Māori: Te Moeka o Tuawe; officially Fox Glacier / Te Moeka o Tuawe) is an 11.7-kilometre-long (7.3 mi) (2022) temperate maritime glacier located in Westland Tai Poutini National Park on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. Like nearby Franz Josef Glacier, Fox Glacier is one of the most accessible glaciers in the world, with a terminal face as low as 300 m above sea level, close to the village of Fox Glacier. It is a major tourist attraction and about 1000 people daily visit it during high tourist season.
Alex Boyd (photographer)
Alexander Boyd FRSA (born 15 July 1984) is a Scottish photographer and writer. He has published several books, and his work is included in both public and private collections including the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, The Yale Center for British Art, and the Royal Photographic Society collection held at the V&A.

Yale Center for British Art
The Yale Center for British Art at Yale University in central New Haven, Connecticut, houses the largest and most comprehensive collection of British art outside the United Kingdom. The collection of paintings, sculpture, drawings, prints, rare books, and manuscripts reflects the development of British art and culture from the Elizabethan period onward. Its director is currently Martina Droth.