hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Linguistic categories
Linguistic categories include

Lexical category, a part of speech such as noun, preposition, etc.

Syntactic category, a similar concept which can also include phrasal categories

Grammatical category, a grammatical feature such as tense, gender, etc.

The definition of linguistic categories is a major concern of linguistic theory, and thus, the definition and naming of categories varies across different theoretical frameworks and grammatical traditions for different languages. The operationalization of linguistic categories in lexicography, computational linguistics, natural language processing, corpus linguistics, and terminology management typically requires resource-, problem- or application-specific definitions of linguistic categories. In Cognitive linguistics it has been argued that linguistic categories have a prototype structure like that of the categories of common words in a language.

Text corpus
In linguistics and natural language processing, a corpus (pl.: corpora) or text corpus is a dataset, consisting of  natively digital and older, digitalized, language resources, either annotated or unannotated. Annotated, they have been used in corpus linguistics for statistical hypothesis testing, checking occurrences or validating linguistic rules within a specific language territory.
Nancy Elizabeth Brown
Vice Admiral Nancy E. Brown (born 1952) is a retired vice admiral in the United States Navy who most recently served as the Director, Command, Control, Communications and Computer Systems (C4 Systems), The Joint Staff. She was the principal advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on all C4 systems matters within the Department of Defense. Her service spanned 32 years. She retired in 2009.

Prior to her final assignment, Vice Adm. Brown was the Director of Command Control Systems, Headquarters North American Aerospace Defense Command and Director of Architectures and Integration, Headquarters U.S. Northern Command, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado. She also served as the Commander, Navy Element and Chief Information Officer for both commands.

Vice admiral (United States)
Vice admiral (abbreviated as VADM) is a three-star commissioned officer rank in the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, with the pay grade of O-9. Vice admiral ranks above rear admiral and below admiral. Vice admiral is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant general in the other uniformed services.
Doliodus
Doliodus is a genus of cartilaginous fish known from the Early Devonian period of what is now New Brunswick, Canada. It includes a single named species, either D. problematicus or D. latispinosus, which was originally described based on isolated teeth and potentially fin spines, but has since had a well-preserved body fossil assigned. The classification of the genus is uncertain, but it has been considered a member of the order Omalodontiformes. A more complete specimen that some authors assign to the genus shows features that are transitional between the extinct acanthodians and cartilaginous fish.

Spine (zoology)
In a zoological context, spines are hard, needle-like anatomical structures found in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. The spines of most spiny mammals are modified hairs, with a spongy center covered in a thick, hard layer of keratin and a sharp, sometimes barbed tip.
Lim Hyesook
Lim Hye-sook (Korean: 임혜숙; Hanja: 林惠淑; born 1963) is a Korean electronics engineering professor at Ewha Womans University served as Minister of Science and ICT under President Moon Jae-in from May 2021 to 2021. Lim was the first woman to lead the country's science ministry.

Ewha Womans University
Ewha Womans University (Korean: 이화여자대학교; Hanja: 梨花女子大學校) is a private women's research university in Seoul, South Korea. It was originally founded as Ewha Haktang on May 31, 1886, by missionary Mary F. Scranton. Currently, Ewha Womans University is one of the world's largest female educational institutes and one of the most prestigious universities in South Korea. Ewha Womans University has produced numerous South Korean women leaders, including politicians, CEOs, and legal professionals.
Harry Lovatt
Harry Lovatt (c.1904 – 1984) was an English footballer. A much-travelled forward, he played for Port Vale, Preston North End, Crewe Alexandra, Bradford City, Wrexham, Scarborough, Leicester City, Notts County, Northampton Town, Macclesfield Town, Stafford Rangers, and Winsford United.

Stafford Rangers F.C.
Stafford Rangers Football Club is a semi-professional English football team from Stafford which plays in the Northern Premier League Division One West.

The team wear black and white stripes with black shorts. Stafford Rangers' rivals include Tamworth, Hednesford Town, Burton Albion and Telford United.
Wolber–Spidel
Wolber–Spidel was a French professional cycling team that existed from 1981 to 1984. It was a successor of the Puch–Sem–Campagnolo team of 1980. Notable victories include the 1982 Milan–San Remo with Marc Gomez and the 1984 Critérium du Dauphiné with Martín Ramírez.

Sem–France Loire
The Sem–Loire France cycling team was a French professional cycling team that existed for four years from 1980 to 1983. Although a small team, directeur sportif Jean de Gribaldy directed the team to success in various classic races and in stage races such as Paris–Nice and the Tour de France as well as the French championships.
Joanna Fiodorow
Joanna Fiodorow (born 4 March 1989) is a Polish retired athlete who specialized in the hammer throw.

In 2014 she won the bronze medal at the European Championships with a throw of 73.67 m.

She competed at the 2012 Olympic Games in London and the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio, taking 9th place in both finals.

Her personal best throw is 76.35 meters, achieved during 2019 World Championships in Doha.

In 2012 she was coached by Czesław Cybulski. After retiring in 2021 she became the coach of Wojciech Nowicki.

Wojciech Nowicki
Wojciech Nowicki (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvɔjt͡ɕɛx nɔˈvit͡skʲi]; born 22 February 1989) is a Polish hammer thrower. He won the gold medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics, silver medals at the 2022 and 2023 World Championships and bronze medals at the 2016 Summer Olympics, 2015, 2017 and 2019 World Championships. His personal best in the event is 82.52 metres set in 2021 at the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
Aishwarya Khare
Aishwarya Khare is an Indian actress who works in Hindi television. She is best known for her role as Mahima Srinivasan Khurana in Star Plus's romantic drama Yeh Hai Chahatein and Lakshmi Bajwa in Zee TV's romantic drama Bhagya Lakshmi.

Zee TV
ZEE TV, also known as Z TV, is an Indian Hindi language general entertainment pay television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises. It was launched on 1 October 1992 as the oldest privately owned television channel in India. It now broadcasts worldwide.
Gary King (footballer)
Gary Ian King (born 27 January 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker.

King notably played in the Football League with both Lincoln City and Accrington Stanley, as well as spending time on loan with Boston United. He has since been a journeyman in non-league football and has played for Hinckley United, Louth Town, Stamford, Harrogate Town, Worksop Town, Grantham Town, Corby Town, Spalding United, Brigg Town, Coalville Town, Deeping Rangers, Holbeach United, Lincoln United, Skegness Town and Frickley Athletic.

Grantham Town F.C.
Grantham Town Football Club is a football club based in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. They are currently members of the United Counties League Premier Division North and play at the South Kesteven Sports Stadium.
Flipper (band)
Flipper is an American punk rock band formed in San Francisco, California in 1979, continuing in often erratic fashion until the mid-1990s, then reuniting in 2005. The band influenced a number of grunge, punk rock and noise rock bands. Their slowed-down, bass-driven and heavily distorted style of punk is considered to have inspired bands such as the Melvins and Nirvana, whose bass player Krist Novoselic played with the band in the 2000s.

Frightwig
Frightwig is an all-female punk rock band from San Francisco, California, formed in 1982 by Deanna Mitchell and Mia d'Bruzzi.

The current lineup of Frightwig consists of Deanna Mitchell, Mia d'Bruzzi, Tina Fagnani, and Rebecca Sevrin.
Star of the Family
Star of the Family is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from September 30 to December 9, 1982. The show featured Brian Dennehy as fire chief Leslie "Buddy" Krebs and Katherine Saltzberg, then Maisnik, as his singer daughter, Jennie Lee Krebs. The show was developed by Robin Williams, then an ABC star in Mork & Mindy.

The series debuted on September 30, 1982 on Thursdays after Joanie Loves Chachi, and was canceled after ten episodes.

Joanie Loves Chachi
Joanie Loves Chachi is an American sitcom television series and a spin-off of Happy Days that aired on ABC from March 23, 1982, to May 24, 1983. It stars Erin Moran and Scott Baio as the characters Joanie Cunningham and Chachi Arcola, respectively. The series was cancelled after 17 episodes, in its second season, due to a drop in ratings. The two characters and their actors would then return to Happy Days.
Arasilankumari
Arasilankumari (transl. Princess) is a 1961 Indian Tamil-language historical adventure film directed by A. S. A. Sami and A. Kasilingam, and produced by M. Somasundaram under Jupiter Pictures. An adaptation of the 1952 film Scaramouche, itself based on a 1921 novel of the same name, it stars M. G. Ramachandran, Padmini and Rajasulochana. The film was originally directed by Sami, and completed by Kasilingam. It was released on 1 January 1961, and failed commercially.

Padmini (actress)
Padmini Ramachandran  (13 December 1932 – 24 September 2006) was an Indian actress and Bharatanatyam dancer, who acted in over 250 Indian films. She acted in Tamil, Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu and Russian language films. Padmini, her elder sister Lalitha and her younger sister Ragini, were collectively called the "Travancore sisters".
Irwin Gunsalus
Irwin C. "Gunny" Gunsalus (June 29, 1912 – October 25, 2008) was an American biochemist who discovered lipoic acid, a vitamin-like substance (an enzyme cofactor) that has been used as a treatment for chronic liver disease, and pyridoxal phosphate, one of the active forms of vitamin B6. In his role as assistant secretary general at the United Nations, he led the international body's research on genetic engineering.

Pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), the active form of vitamin B6, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic reactions. The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology has catalogued more than 140 PLP-dependent activities, corresponding to ~4% of all classified activities. The versatility of PLP arises from its ability to covalently bind the substrate, and then to act as an electrophilic catalyst, thereby stabilizing different types of carbanionic reaction intermediates.
Jasmine James
Jasmine James (born July 29, 1991) is an American basketball coach and former player. She is an assistant coach for the Tulsa Golden Hurricane. James played college basketball as a guard for the Georgia Lady Bulldogs and professionally for the Phoenix Mercury of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She was selected by the Seattle Storm in the third round of the 2013 WNBA draft.

2013 WNBA draft
The 2013 WNBA draft is the league's annual process for determining which teams receive the rights to negotiate with players entering the league. The draft was held on April 15, 2013, at the ESPN studios in Bristol, Connecticut at 8:00 pm EDT. The first round was shown on ESPN2 (HD), with the second and third rounds shown on ESPNU.
Isaac Adebayo Adeyemi
Isaac Adebayo Adeyemi is a Nigerian Professor of Food science and fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science, elected into the Academy's Fellowship at its annual general meeting held in 2012.
He was the Vice chancellor of Bells University of Technology, a privately owned University located in Ota, Ogun State Southwestern Nigeria.

Bells University of Technology
Bells University of Technology (BUT), also known as Bellstech, is the first private university of technology established in Nigeria. It was established in 2004, and began admitting students from the 2005/2006 academic session. It is located in Ogun State of Nigeria.
Tyler Boyd (American football)
Tyler Alexander Boyd (born November 15, 1994) is an American professional football wide receiver. He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers, and was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the second round of the 2016 NFL draft. He has also played for the Tennessee Titans.

2016 NFL draft
The 2016 NFL draft was the 81st annual draft of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible American football players. As in 2015, the draft took place at the Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park in Chicago. The draft began on Thursday, April 28 with the first round, and ended on Saturday, April 30. The Tennessee Titans, the team with the fewest wins in the NFL for the 2015 season, traded the right to the top pick in the draft to the Los Angeles Rams, the first time the top pick was traded before the draft since 2001 when the San Diego Chargers traded their first pick to the Atlanta Falcons. Ohio State became the second school to have three players drafted in the top ten and to have five players drafted in the first round.
The Secrets of Hotel 88
The Secrets of Hotel 88 is a 2026 Philippine television drama mystery series streaming on iWant and broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Henry King Quitain, it stars Mika Salamanca, Brent Manalo, Will Ashley, Ralph de Leon, Esnyr, AZ Martinez, River Joseph, Dustin Yu, Bianca de Vera, Klarisse de Guzman, Xyriel Manabat, Josh Ford and Kira Balinger. The series premiered on iWant on February 23, 2026. The television broadcast is slated to air on March 2, 2026, on GMA Network's Prime line up.

IWant
iWant (stylized in lowercase), formerly known as iWant TV and briefly as iWantTFC, is a Filipino over-the-top media service and production company owned and operated by ABS-CBN Digital Media, a division of ABS-CBN Corporation. The service traces its roots to the launch of ABS-CBNnow! in 2003, one of the first Internet television and video on demand platforms in the Philippines that catered primarily to overseas Filipinos. In addition to offering on-demand content from ABS-CBN, iWant also livestreams linear channels including Kapamilya Channel, DZMM TeleRadyo, Jeepney TV, ANC (premium), Knowledge Channel, MOR Entertainment, and Myx.

The service is available worldwide, primarily catering to Filipino audiences. It also served as the replacement for Sky On Demand of Sky Cable starting September 1, 2020. On May 7, 2025, it was announced that the iWant branding would return, with the platform officially reverting to its former name on July 9, 2025.
Feminism in Saudi Arabia
Feminism in Saudi Arabia dates back to the ancient, pre-Roman Nabataean Kingdom in which women were independent legal persons. Twenty-first century feminist movements in Saudi Arabia include the women to drive movement and the anti male-guardianship campaign. Madawi al-Rasheed argued in 2019 that the Saudi feminist movement was "the most organised and articulate civil society" in Saudi Arabia.

2018–2019 Saudi crackdown on feminists
The 2018–2019 Saudi crackdown on feminists consisted of waves of arrests of women's rights activists in Saudi Arabia involved in the women to drive movement and the Saudi anti male-guardianship campaign and of their supporters during 2018 and 2019. The crackdown was described in June 2018 by a United Nations special rapporteur as taking place "on a wide scale across" Saudi Arabia; the special rapporteur called for the "urgent release" of the detainees. Six of the women arrestees were tortured, some in the presence of Crown Prince advisor Saud al-Qahtani.
Section 608
Section 608 (together with Section 609, which covers motor vehicles) of the Clean Air Act serves as the main form of occupational licensure for technicians in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industry in the United States. The law requires that all persons who maintain, service, repair or dispose of appliances that contain regulated refrigerants be certified in proper refrigerant handling techniques. The regulatory program helps to minimize the release of refrigerants, and in particular ozone depleting refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons, as well as other regulated refrigerants as determined by Section 612. The licensure program complies with the requirements under the Montreal Protocol. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published implementing regulations at 40 CFR Part 82.

Chlorofluorocarbon
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F). They are produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane.

The most common example of a CFC is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12). R-12, also commonly called Freon, is used as a refrigerant. Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), gaseous fire suppression systems, and solvents. As a result of CFCs contributing to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) including R-410A, R-134a and R-1234yf.
Ka Whawhai Tonu
Ka Whawhai Tonu - Struggle Without End is a 2024 New Zealand historical drama film directed by Michael Jonathan, based on a screenplay by Tim Worrall. Presented in the Māori language, it tells the story of the siege of Ōrākau in 1864 during the New Zealand Wars from the perspective of two Māori teenagers. The movie stars Temuera Morrison,  Cliff Curtis,  Miriama Smith, Paku Fernandez and Hinerangi Harawira-Nicholas. Ka Whawhai Tonu premiered in Hamilton on 17 June 2024 before being released in cinemas nationwide on 27 June.

Miriama Smith
Miriama Te Rangimarie Smith (born 3 June 1976) is a New Zealand film and television actress who has played roles in various TV shows such as Xena: Warrior Princess, Karaoke High and Shortland Street. Her best-known roles, however, were Moz in the third season of The Tribe, Dana McNichol  in Mercy Peak, and Elsa / Principal Randall in the 2004 Power Rangers series, Power Rangers Dino Thunder. She was one of the three judges on the first season of entertainment show New Zealand's Got Talent that aired on Prime TV in 2008. She starred as Brady Trubridge on the TVNZ 2 drama series Filthy Rich.
Great Siberian Ice March
The Great Siberian Ice March (Russian: Великий Сибирский Ледяной поход, romanized: Velikiy Sibirskiy Ledyanoy pokhod) was the name given to the 2,000-kilometre (1,200-mile) winter retreat of Admiral Kolchak's Siberian Army from Omsk to Chita, in the course of the Russian Civil War between 14 November 1919 and March 1920.

General Vladimir Kappel, who was appointed to this position in mid-December 1919, led the retreat. After his death from pneumonia on 26 January 1920, General Sergey Voytsekhovsky took command of the troops. Admiral Kolchak travelled ahead by train to Irkutsk but was halted by Czechoslovak troops in December and handed over to Left SR troops in Irkutsk on 14 January, who executed him on 7 February 1920.

Omsk
Omsk (/ˈɒmsk/; Russian: Омск, IPA: [omsk]) is the administrative center and largest city of Omsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated in southwestern Siberia and has a population of over one million. Omsk is the third largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk, and the twelfth-largest city in Russia. It is an important transport node, serving as a train station for the Trans-Siberian Railway and as a staging post for the Irtysh River.

During the Imperial era, Omsk was the seat of the Governor General of Western Siberia and, later, of the Governor General of the Steppes. For a brief period during the Russian Civil War in 1918–1920, it served as the capital of the anti-Bolshevik Russian State and held the imperial gold reserves.

Omsk serves as the episcopal see of the bishop of Omsk and Tara, as well as the administrative seat of the Imam of Siberia. The mayor is Sergey Shelest.
Moldavian Campaign (1484–1486)
The Moldavian campaign was a military expedition by the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II against the Principality of Moldavia. The Ottomans managed to conquer the fortress of Chilia and Cetatea Albă, confirming Ottoman supremacy of the Black Sea.

Kiliia
Kiliia, Kiliya or Kilia (Ukrainian: Кілія, IPA: [kil⁽ʲ⁾iˈjɑ]; Russian: Килия; Romanian: Chilia Nouă) is a city in Izmail Raion, Odesa Oblast, southwestern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kiliia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Kiliia is located in the Danube Delta, in the historic Bessarabian district of Budjak; across the river lies the town of Chilia Veche (Old Kiliia) in Romania. The Chilia branch of the Danube river, which separates Ukraine from Romania, is named after it. Population: 18,745 (2022 estimate).
Beth Dunkenberger
Beth Dunkenberger is a basketball coach with the University of Miami. Previously she has had coaching roles at Virginia Tech, Western Carolina University, the University of Florida, and the Tulane Green Wave.

Tulane Green Wave women's basketball
The Tulane Green Wave women's basketball team represents Tulane University in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team competes in the American Athletic Conference. They play home games on campus in Avron B. Fogelman Arena in Devlin Fieldhouse, the 9th-oldest active basketball venue in the nation. The team's last appearance in the NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament was in 2015.
Aucher Warner
Robert Stewart Aucher Warner (9 May 1859 – 1 December 1944) was Attorney-General of Trinidad and Tobago and a West Indian cricketer.  He was known as Aucher Warner.

He was born the son of Charles William Warner, the Attorney-General of Trinidad and Tobago, and educated in Trinidad and at Oriel College, Oxford. He studied law at the Inner Temple, London and was called to the Bar in 1882. He was appointed an unofficial member of the Legislative Council of Trinidad and Tobago, an advisory body at the time, in March 1900. He became in turn Solicitor-General and Attorney-General of Trinidad and Tobago (1918). He left Trinidad for England in 1922.

Charles William Warner
Charles William Warner (19 October 1805 – 26/28 February 1887) was a Trinidadian lawyer who served as the Attorney General of Trinidad from 1845 to 1870. As attorney general he was considered the most powerful person in the colony after the governor. An angliciser who sought to make Trinidad more English, Warner played an important role in replacing the Spanish Law of the Indies in Trinidad with English law and in shaping education policy.