hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stephen Meredith
Air Vice Marshal Stephen Leslie Meredith, AO, DSM is a retired senior officer of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He joined the RAAF as a navigator in 1986. He has commanded No. 6 Squadron RAAF (2006–08), No. 42 Wing RAAF (2008–10), the Aerospace Operational Support Group RAAF (2014–16) and the Combined Air Operations Centre (2017), and has served on operations in the Gulf War, War in Afghanistan and in the International military intervention against ISIL. He served as Head Force Integration from 2017 to 2019, before being appointed Deputy Chief of Air Force from July 2019 to January 2023.

Aerospace Operational Support Group RAAF
The Aerospace Operational Support Group was a support group of the Australian Defence Force based at RAAF Base Edinburgh. It was disbanded in 2016, and reformed as the Air Warfare Centre.

AOSG provided integrated, deployable operational support to Air Force, Army Aviation and some Navy combat elements to ensure platform and crew survivability, battle worthiness and mission effectiveness. AOSG delivered information, protection, confidence and assurance to ADF aviation and EW capable Navy platforms and crew from acquisition, through transition into service and full operational capability with the operating Wing or unit.
International Finance Facility
An International Finance Facility (IFF) is a bond issued against the security of donor government guarantees to maintain future aid flows for the purpose of international development.

Bonds are issued on global capital markets, against the security of government guarantees, which would be used to buy back the bonds over a longer period. This financial contractual arrangement allows a large amount of aid to flow sooner, at the expense of less aid in the future.

Critics have raised concerns that the poorest countries in particular do not have the ability to efficiently spend such large amounts of aid whilst avoiding corruption, and that their economies may not be able to cope with such rapid change either.

Official development assistance
Official development assistance (ODA) is a category used by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to measure foreign aid. The DAC first adopted the concept in 1969. It is widely used as an indicator of international aid flow. It refers to material resources given by the governments of richer countries to promote the economic development of poorer countries and the welfare of their people. The donor government agency may disburse such resources to the government of the recipient country or through other organizations. Most ODA is in the form of grants, but some is measured as the concessional value in soft (low-interest) loans.

In 2019, the annual amount of state donor aid counted as ODA was US$168 billion, of which US$152 billion came from DAC donors.
2017 Donald Trump speech in Warsaw
On July 6, 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump delivered a public speech in front of the Warsaw Uprising Monument at Krasiński Square, in Warsaw, Poland.

During the speech, Trump argued the future of Western freedom was at stake and called to defend Western civilization against the threats of terrorism and extremism.

Warsaw Uprising Monument
Warsaw Uprising Monument (Polish: pomnik Powstania Warszawskiego) is a monument in Warsaw, Poland, dedicated to the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. Unveiled in 1989, it was designed by Jacek Budyn and sculpted by Wincenty Kućma. It is located on the southern side of Krasiński Square.

The monument has been described as "the most important monument of post-war Warsaw." Gazeta Wyborcza reported in 2012 that it is one of the most visited landmarks for foreign tourists.
Ascaridia
Ascaridia /æskəˈrɪdiə/ is a genus of parasitic nematodes. Members of the genus are primarily intestinal parasites of birds. Three species are well known, namely,  A. galli found mostly in chickens, A. dissimilis in turkeys, and A. columbae in pigeons. Lesser known species such as A. hermaphrodita, A. sergiomeirai, A. ornata, A. nicobarensis, and A. platyceri are found in parrots.

Among these, A. galli is the most important and most pathogenic species, responsible for ascaridiasis of poultry.  The eggs of these nematodes are characterized by a thick shell, smooth and ellipsoidal, and composed of three distinct layers.

The eggs of A. dissimilis are marginally bigger than A. galli, and A. columbae is marginally smaller. All these ascarid eggs are similar in appearance to Heterakis gallinarum.

All three species exhibit a direct lifecycle involving the release of eggs into the soil and the subsequent reingestion of them in food. A. columbae may also migrate through the liver.

Heterakis gallinarum
Heterakis gallinarum is a nematode parasite that lives in the cecum of some galliform birds, particularly in ground feeders such as domestic chickens and turkeys. It causes infection that is mildly pathogenic. However, it often carries a protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis which causes histomoniasis (blackhead disease). Transmission of H. meleagridis is through the H. gallinarum egg. H. gallinarum is about 1–2 cm in length with a sharply pointed tail and a preanal sucker. The parasite is a diecious species with marked sexual dimorphism. Males are smaller and shorter, measuring around 9 mm in length, with a unique bent tail. Females are stouter and longer, measuring roughly 13 mm in length, with a straight tail end.
Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen
Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen (born 1951) is a professor of Comparative Literature and French at the University of Washington in Seattle, and the author of many works on the history and philosophy of psychiatry, psychoanalysis and hypnosis. Born to Danish parents, he began his studies in France and emigrated to the United States in 1986. His constructivist analysis of the co-production of psychical "facts" emphasises the accuracy of historical accounts of mental disorders.

Borch-Jacobsen is known for his positions in the controversies surrounding psychoanalysis, especially with regard to the 2005 publication of Le Livre noir de la psychanalyse ("The Black Book of Psychoanalysis") to which he was a major contributor. In a review of Borch-Jacobsen's book Folies à plusieurs. De l'hystérie à la dépression ("Many madnesses. From hysteria to depression"), Pierre-Henri Castel calls him "one of the most prominent polemicists of the Freud Wars".

Animal magnetism
Animal magnetism, also known as mesmerism, is a pseudoscientific theory promoted by German physician Franz Mesmer in the 18th century. It posits the existence of an invisible natural force (Lebensmagnetismus) possessed by all living things, including humans, animals, and vegetables. He claimed that the force could have physical effects, including healing.

The vitalist theory attracted numerous followers in Europe and the United States and was popular into the 19th century. Practitioners were often known as magnetizers rather than mesmerists. It had an important influence in medicine for about 75 years from its beginnings in 1779, and continued to have some influence for another 50 years. Hundreds of books were written on the subject between 1766 and 1925, but it is no longer practiced today except as a form of alternative medicine in some places. This theory also had a strong influence on the development of Kardecism.
Bustino
Bustino (14 April 1971 – 2 October 1997) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career which lasted from August 1973 until July 1975, he ran nine times and won five races. He was the best British three-year-old of 1974, when his wins included the Classic St Leger, as well as the Sandown Classic Trial, Lingfield Derby Trial and Great Voltigeur Stakes. As a four-year-old he won the Coronation Cup in record time and finished second to Grundy in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes in what is often described as the 'Race of the Century'. At stud he was a successful stallion.

Great Voltigeur Stakes
The Great Voltigeur Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old colts and geldings. It is run at York over a distance of 1 mile 3 furlongs and 188 yards (2,385 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
Abby Meyers
Abigail Meyers (born July 14, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for Perfumerías Avenida of the Spanish League.

She played college basketball at Princeton and Maryland. Meyers was drafted in the first round, 11th overall, by the Dallas Wings in the 2023 WNBA draft.

She has previously played for the London Lions, where she won the British League title and the Eurocup, and Maccabi Bnot Ashdod, where she won the Israeli League title, Israeli state cup and was also named Israeli League MVP.

Maccabi Bnot Ashdod
Maccabi Bnot Ashdod (Hebrew: מכבי בנות אשדוד) is a professional women's basketball team based in Ashdod, playing in the Ligat Ha'al in Israel since 2003. It is the women's basketball division of the Maccabi Ashdod sports club.

During 2009/10, the team reached the finals of the championship. But lost to A.S. Ramat-Hasharon 1–3.
A year later (2010/11), the team reached the finals again, and lost to the team of Elitzur Ramla 0–3.

In 2011/12 season, the team participated in the EuroCup for the first time. Later Maccabi Bnot Ashdod won national Cup taking over A.S. Ramat-Hasharon in the final. At the end of the season Maccabi Bnot Ashdod for the first time won the Championship, completing the Double In the final series they won Elitzur Ramla 3–2.
N-vector
The  n-vector representation (also called geodetic normal or ellipsoid normal vector) is a three-parameter non-singular representation well-suited for replacing geodetic coordinates (latitude and longitude) for horizontal position representation in mathematical calculations and computer algorithms.

Geometrically, the n-vector for a given position on an ellipsoid is the outward-pointing unit vector that is normal in that position to the ellipsoid. For representing horizontal positions on Earth, the ellipsoid is a reference ellipsoid and the vector is decomposed in an Earth-centered Earth-fixed coordinate system. It behaves smoothly at all Earth positions, and it holds the mathematical one-to-one property.

More generally, the concept can be applied to representing positions on the boundary of a strictly convex bounded subset of k-dimensional Euclidean space, provided that that boundary is a differentiable manifold. In this general case, the n-vector consists of k parameters.

Basis (linear algebra)
In mathematics, a set B of elements of  a vector space V is called a basis (pl.: bases) if every element of V can be written in a unique way as a finite linear combination of elements of B. The coefficients of this linear combination are referred to as components or coordinates of the vector with respect to B. The elements of a basis are called basis vectors.

Equivalently, a set B is a basis if its elements are linearly independent and every element of V is a linear combination of elements of B. In other words, a basis is a linearly independent spanning set.

A vector space can have several bases; however all the bases have the same number of elements, called the dimension of the vector space.

This article deals mainly with finite-dimensional vector spaces. However, many of the principles are also valid for infinite-dimensional vector spaces.

Basis vectors find applications in the study of crystal structures and frames of reference.
Brian Hambly
Brian Clinton Hambly (31 October 1937 – 30 August 2008) was an Australian rugby league player, a representative forward for the Australia national team between 1959 and 1965. His club career was played with South Sydney and Parramatta. He was considered one of the Australia's finest rugby league players of the twentieth century.

Johnny Raper
John William Raper MBE (12 April 1939 – 9 February 2022) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer and coach. Nicknamed "Chook", he was a lock-forward who earned a then-record of 33 Test caps in the Australia national team between 1959 and 1968. He also played six World Cup games between 1960 and 1968. Raper captained Australia on eight occasions from 1967 to 68 and played in eight consecutive NSWRFL first-grade grand final victories for the St George Dragons club. He was named as one of the nation's finest footballers of the 20th century.
Tonipet Gaba
Antonio Jose Ongpauco Gaba (born July 16, 1978) professionally known as Tonipet Gaba (Tagalog: [ˈtonipet ˈgɐbɐ]), is a Filipino theater actor, model, and television presenter. He is most notable for hosting the children's arts and crafts show, Art Angel, in 2004. Gaba also served as a longtime presenter of the magazine show, Pop Talk, on GTV (formerly GMA News TV) until his shift to Net 25 in 2021. He currently co-hosts the network's morning show Love, Tonipet, and Everythaaang!, with co-host Love Añover.

GMA News TV
GMA News TV (GNTV; visually rendered in uppercase in its logo) is a 24-hour Philippine-based international pay television channel owned by Citynet Network Marketing and Productions Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of GMA Network Inc. It was originally launched in the Philippines on February 28, 2011, as a domestic free-to-air television network, replacing Q. The international pay television channel, GMA News TV International, was launched later in 2011.

Despite in conflicts of blocktime programs during pre-COVID-19 pandemic era (e.g. The World of Gandang Ricky Reyes and #MichaelAngelo series) and intense competition with other minor television networks, GMA News TV ended its Philippine broadcast operations on February 22, 2021, to make way for GTV. GMA News TV International was renamed GMA News TV and continues to broadcast.
Hyde & Closer
Hyde & Closer (Japanese: 呪法解禁!!ハイド&クローサー, Hepburn: Juhou Kaikin!! Haido ando Kurōsā; 'Magic Ban Removal!! Hyde & Closer') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Haro Aso. It was serialized in Shogakukan's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Sunday from December 2007 to December 2008, and later on the Club Sunday website from December 2008 to July 2009. Its chapters were collected in seven tankōbon volumes. In North America, the series was licensed for English release by Viz Media, who serialized it online at Shonen Sunday and later released its volumes in print.

Weekly Shōnen Sunday
Weekly Shōnen Sunday (Japanese: 週刊少年サンデー, Hepburn: Shūkan Shōnen Sandē) is a weekly shōnen manga magazine published in Japan by Shogakukan since March 1959. Contrary to its title, Weekly Shōnen Sunday issues are released on Wednesdays. Weekly Shōnen Sunday has sold over 1.8 billion copies since 1986, making it the fourth best selling manga magazine, only behind Weekly Shōnen Jump, Weekly Shōnen Magazine and Weekly Young Jump.
Death Troopers
Death Troopers is a Star Wars novel written by Joe Schreiber. Schreiber's idea was to create a horror story in the Star Wars universe that pulled from horror movies he enjoyed such as The Shining and Alien. The novel is the first Star Wars horror story since the Galaxy of Fear series, released in the late 1990s. Released on October 13, 2009, Death Troopers is set just before the events shown in A New Hope. It was heavily featured in the MMORPG Star Wars Galaxies with SOE confirming a full page of information and advertisements of the game in the book. On September 22, 2010, Ballantine Books revealed the cover of the prequel novel, also by Schreiber, called Red Harvest.

Star Wars Galaxies
Star Wars Galaxies was a Star Wars-themed massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) for Microsoft Windows, developed by Sony Online Entertainment (SOE) and published by LucasArts. The game was released in stores on June 26, 2003, and spawned several expansions and updates through 2005.

The servers shut down on December 15, 2011 due to contract expiration. There are several private emulator projects in various stages of development that intend to allow users to experience Galaxies in different incarnations of the game's existence.
Peter Hola
Peter Hola (born 27 April 1999) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for the Newcastle Knights in the National Rugby League (NRL) and the Norths Devils in the Queensland Cup.

Hola previously played for the Dolphins, the Canberra Raiders and the North Queensland Cowboys in the NRL, and he is under contract for two years with the Newcastle Knights from 2026.

Queensland Cup
The Queensland Cup, currently known as the Hostplus Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the highest-level regional rugby league football competition in Queensland, Australia. It is run by the Queensland Rugby League (QRL)  and is contested by fifteen teams, thirteen of which are based in Queensland, with one based in New South Wales and one in National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.

The competition is the present-day embodiment of Queensland's top-level club competition. It replaced the Winfield State League in 1996 and accompanied the Brisbane Rugby League, before becoming the premier competition in 1998, following the disbanding of the Brisbane Rugby League.
Samir Ujkani
Samir Ujkani (born 5 July 1988) is a former Kosovan professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper and is currently the sports director of the Kosovo national team.

Ujkani began his youth career with Ingelmunster before moving to Anderlecht and later to Palermo. He started his senior career with Palermo in 2007, making 34 league appearances for the club. During his time under contract with Palermo, he was loaned to Novara, Chievo and later to Latina and Pisa while contracted to other Italian clubs.

Ujkani later played for Cremonese, Çaykur Rizespor, Torino and Empoli, accumulating 217 club appearances across his professional career.

At international level, he represented Albania U21 and the Albania senior team before switching allegiance to represent the Kosovo national team, earning 36 caps for Kosovo between 2014 and 2022. In 2023, he was appointed sports director of the Kosovo national team.

Novara FC
Novara Football Club, commonly referred to as Novara, is an Italian football club based in Novara, Piedmont.

The club was founded in 2021 by the City of Novara to replace old Novara Calcio that lost its professional status.
SA Pathology
SA Pathology, (formerly the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science (IMVS)), is an organisation providing diagnostic and clinical pathology services throughout South Australia for the public health sector. The headquarters are in Frome Road, Adelaide, and it has many patient collection centres and numerous laboratories located throughout South Australia.

The Hanson Centre for Cancer Research was established in 1991 by SA Pathology, broadening its scope of research and becoming the Hanson Institute in 2001.

As a not-for-profit organisation, SA Pathology bulk-bills patients for all Medical Benefits Schedule (MBS) pathology tests.  In a recent article by Choice magazine, it was recognised as the only consistently "no gap, bulk billing" pathology provider in South Australia.

Bulk billing
Bulk billing is a payment agreement under Australia's universal health insurance scheme where the health professional accepts the Medicare rebate as the full and only charge for the service, making the service free for eligible patients at the point-of-care. Bulk billing is at the discretion of the health professional but may attract additional payments to encourage the practice. The dollar-figure paid to the health professional is dependent on which Medicare Benefits Schedule item codes applies.

Bulk billing rebates may be collected and paid directly to the service provider, or the service provider may collect the equivalent fee from the patient, leaving the patient to claim the rebate online, over the telephone, by mail, or at a Medicare office. Increasingly, service providers offer electronic lodgement at the practice using EFTPOS.
NS Class 1000
The Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) Class 1000 was a set of ten electric locomotives (numbered 1001-1010) used in the Netherlands during the latter half of the 20th century.  The electrical systems and three completed units were ordered from the Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works in 1942, but the war blocked delivery until 1948.  Despite high failure rates the locomotives remained in service until 1982, and locomotive 1010—built by Werkspoor—is now preserved in the Dutch National Railway Museum.

Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Nederlandse Spoorwegen ([ˈneːdərlɑntsə ˈspoːrˌʋeːɣə(n)] ⓘ, lit. 'Dutch Railways', NS [ɛnˈɛs] ⓘ) is the principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. It is a Dutch state-owned company founded in 1938.

The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight operator NS Cargo merged with DB Cargo in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers. The NS also provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on some foreign rail markets through its subsidiary Abellio.
Battle of Belvoir Castle
The Battle of Belvoir Castle, also called the Battle of Le Forbelet, was a part of Saladin’s campaign in May — August 1182 against the Crusaders. Crusader forces led by King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem battled with Ayyubid forces from Egypt commanded by Saladin. Saladin took action in Damascus on June 11, 1182, together with his regent Farrukh Shah. Entering Palestine from the south of Tiberias, Saladin encountered the Crusader army coming from Transjordan near Belvoir Castle.

The theatre of operations included Ayla, Transjordan, Galilee and Beirut.

Lordship of Transjordan
The Lordship of Transjordan (Old French: Oultrejourdain) was one of the principal lordships of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It encompassed an extensive and partly undefined region to the east of the Jordan River, and was centered on the castles of Montreal and Kerak.
God Save The Smithereens
God Save The Smithereens is the sixth studio album by The Smithereens, released on 19 October 1999 on Velvel/Koch Records. It is the final studio album of all new, original material. Produced by Don Fleming, it was originally intended to be a concept album based on the idea of the world ending as soon as the year 2000 started. It was the last studio album to feature bassist Mike Mesaros, who left the band in 2006, but returned ten years later for occasional live dates. "She's Got a Way" was released as a promo single.

A two-disc deluxe edition with rare demos and live recordings was released in February 2005 paired with frontman Pat DiNizio's debut solo album Songs and Sounds.

Pat DiNizio
Patrick Michael DiNizio (October 12, 1955 – December 12, 2017) was an American musician. He was best known for being the lead singer, songwriter and founding member of the band The Smithereens, which he formed in 1980 with Jim Babjak, Dennis Diken and Mike Mesaros from Carteret, New Jersey.
1991 Athens Open
The 1991 Athens Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Athens, Greece that was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from 30 September until 7 October 1991. First-seeded Sergi Bruguera won the singles title.

Sergi Bruguera
Sergi Bruguera i Torner (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsɛɾʒi βɾuˈɣeɾə i tuɾˈne]; born 16 January 1971) is a Spanish former professional tennis player and coach. Bruguera won consecutive men's singles titles at the French Open in 1993 and 1994, a silver medal in men's singles at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, and reached a career-high ranking of world No. 3 in August 1994.

Bruguera is the only player to have a winning record against both Roger Federer and Pete Sampras, leading 3–2 against Sampras and 1–0 against Federer (at the 2000 Barcelona Open).

In 2018, Bruguera became the captain of the Spanish Davis Cup team. He coached Jo-Wilfried Tsonga from 2019 to 2022, Alexander Zverev from 2022 to 2023, and Arthur Fils (with Sébastien Grosjean) from 2023 to 2024.