hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jonathan G. Dickerson
Jonathan Garland Dickerson (November 5, 1811 – September 1, 1878), of Belfast, Maine, was a justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court from October 24, 1862, to September 1, 1878.

Born in Manchester, New Hampshire, Dickerson received a B.A. from Waterville College (now Colby College) in 1836, and a M.A. from the same institution in 1839, and taught in Bath, Maine, while reading law to gain admission to the bar, also in 1839. A resident of West Prospect now Searsport, Dickerson served in the Maine House of Representatives in 1842, and later as Waldo County Attorney. On October 24, 1862, Governor Israel Washburn Jr. appointed Dickerson to a seat as an associate justice of the state supreme court, where he served thereafter until his death.

Israel Washburn Jr.
Israel Washburn Jr. (June 6, 1813 – May 12, 1883) was a United States political figure who was the 29th governor of Maine from 1861 to 1863. Originally a member of the Whig Party, he later became a founding member of the Republican Party. In 1842, Washburn served in the Maine House of Representatives.

In 1854, angry over the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Washburn called a meeting of 30 members of the US House of Representatives to discuss forming what became the Republican Party. Republican gatherings had taken place in Wisconsin and Michigan earlier in the year, but Washburn's meeting was the first in the U.S. Capital, and among U.S. Congressmen. He was probably also the first politician of his rank to use the term "Republican", in a speech at Bangor, Maine on June 2, 1854. Washburn represented the district which included Bangor and the neighboring town of Orono, Maine, where he had his home and law office.
Aspidoras mephisto
Aspidoras mephisto is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging the family Callichthyidae, the armoured catfishes, and the subfamily Corydoradinae, the corys. This species is found in South America where it is endemic to the Anésio-Russão cave system in the upper Tocantins River basin in Goiás, Brazil. This fish is the first species of armoured catfish that is troglobitic.

Callichthyidae
Callichthyidae is a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes), called armored catfishes due to the two rows of bony plates (or scutes) along the lengths of their bodies. It contains some of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish, such as many species in the genus Corydoras.
Omri Sarig
Omri Moshe Sarig (Hebrew: עמרי משה שריג) is an Israeli mathematician specializing in ergodic theory and dynamical systems. He is a professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science, where he holds the Theodore R. and Edlyn Racoosin Professorial Chair in Mathematics. Sarig is known for his contributions to thermodynamic formalism, symbolic dynamics, and the use of transfer operators in non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamics.

Weizmann Institute of Science
The Weizmann Institute of Science (or simply Weizmann; Hebrew: מכון ויצמן למדע Machon Weizmann LeMada) was established in 1934 as a public research university in Rehovot, fourteen years before the State of Israel was founded.

The institute is now a multidisciplinary research center, employing around 3,800 scientists, postdoctoral fellows, Ph.D. and M.Sc. students, and scientific, technical, and administrative staff working at the institute.  Unlike other Israeli universities, it exclusively offers postgraduate-only degrees in the natural and exact sciences.

As of 2019, the Weizmann Institute of Science has been associated with six Nobel laureates and three Turing Award winners.
Fort Martin Scott Treaty
The Fort Martin Scott Treaty of 1850 was an unratified treaty between the United States government and the Comanche, Caddo, Quapaw, Tawakoni, Lipan Apache, and Waco tribes in Texas. The treaty was signed in San Saba County, Texas, but named after the nearest military outpost, Fort Martin Scott in Gillespie County, on the outskirts of Fredericksburg.

Quapaw
The Quapaw (/ˈkwɔːpɔː/ KWAW-paw, Quapaw: Ogáxpa) or Arkansas, officially the Quapaw Nation, is a U.S. federally recognized tribe comprising about 6,000 citizens. Also known as the Ogáxpa or “Downstream” people, their ancestral homelands are traced from what is now the Ohio River, west to the Mississippi River to present-day St. Louis, south across present-day Arkansas and eastern and southern Oklahoma. The government forcibly removed them from Arkansas Territory in 1834. The tribal capital is Quapaw, Oklahoma.
D'Margio Wright-Phillips
D'Margio Cameron Wright-Phillips (born 24 September 2001) is a professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Belgian Pro League club Beerschot. Born in England, he plays for the  Grenada national team.

Grenada national football team
The Grenada national football team  represents Grenada in men's international football, which is governed by the Grenada Football Association founded in 1924. It has been an affiliate member of FIFA since 1978 and an affiliate member of CONCACAF since 1969. Regionally, it is an affiliate member of CFU in the Caribbean Zone.

Grenada has never participated in the FIFA World Cup, but has qualified for the CONCACAF Gold Cup three times, and has also participated twice in League A and twice in League B of the CONCACAF Nations League. Regionally, the team finished as runners-up in the Caribbean Cup twice (1989 and 2008).
Langton's loops
Langton's loops are a particular "species" of artificial life in a cellular automaton created in 1984 by Christopher Langton. They consist of a loop of cells containing genetic information, which flows continuously around the loop and out along an "arm" (or pseudopod), which will become the daughter loop. The "genes" instruct it to make three left turns, completing the loop, which then disconnects from its parent.

Conway's Game of Life
The Game of Life, also known as Conway's Game of Life or simply Life, is a cellular automaton devised by the British mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970. It is a zero-player game, meaning that its evolution is determined by its initial state, requiring no further input. One interacts with the Game of Life by creating an initial configuration and observing how it evolves in discrete time steps called generations.  There is no limit to the number of generations (computational resources permitting) or win condition.
Michel Carlini
Michel Carlini (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl kaʁlini]; 1889, Marseille – 1967) was a French politician. He served as the Mayor of Marseille, France's second largest city, from 1947 to 1953, and as a member of the National Assembly of France for the Bouches-du-Rhone from 1951 to 1955. He was a member of the center-right Rally of the French People political party, started by General Charles de Gaulle.

Mayor (France)
In France, a mayor (French: maire, pronounced [mɛʁ] ⓘ) is chairperson of the municipal council, which organises the work and deliberates on municipal matters. The mayor also has significant powers and their own responsibilities, such as the responsibility for the activities of municipal police and for the management of municipal staff.

The officeholder is also the representative of the state in the commune. As such, the mayor is a civil officer of the State (Officier d'état civil) and judiciary police officer (Officier de police judiciaire). The term period of office for a mayor is six years.
Avraham-Yehoshua Makonovetsky
Avraham-Yehoshua Makonovetsky (Yiddish: אברהם-יהושע מאקאָנאָװעצקי, Russian: Авраам-Егошуа Маконовичский, born 1872) was a Russian-Jewish Klezmer violinist who acted as a key informant to the Soviet Ethnomusicologist Moisei Beregovsky in the 1930s. His extensive handwritten manuscripts, which are now in the collection of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, serve as a rare example of nineteenth-century Klezmer violin music.

Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine
The Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, VNLU (Ukrainian: Національна бібліотека України імені В.І. Вернадського), the main academic library and main scientific information centre in Ukraine, is one of the largest national libraries in the world. It was founded in 1918. Its main building is located in the capital of the country—Kyiv, in the Demiivka neighborhood. During the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the library was evacuated to Ufa. Since its foundation, the library's official name has changed multiple times.

The library contains about 15 million items held on 27 floors. It has the world's most complete collection of Slavic writings,  and the largest collection of archives of Ukrainian scientists and cultural persons. The holdings include the collection of the presidents of Ukraine, archive copies of Ukrainian printed documents from 1917, and the archives of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
Vicente Archer
Vicente Archer (born in Woodstock, New York ) is an American jazz bassist, composer and bandleader having performed with John Scofield, Nicholas Payton, Robert Glasper, Norah Jones, Amos Lee and many others. He has appeared on 5 Grammy Nominated and 2 Grammy Winning Recordings

Amos Lee
Amos Lee (born Ryan Anthony Massaro, June 22, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter whose musical style encompasses folk, rock, and soul.

Lee has recorded five albums on Blue Note Records and has toured as an opening act for Norah Jones, Bob Dylan, Elvis Costello, Paul Simon, Merle Haggard, Van Morrison, John Prine, Dave Matthews Band, Adele, the Zac Brown Band, Jack Johnson, The Avett Brothers, and David Gray. His music has appeared on the soundtracks of numerous TV shows and movies. He has performed as a featured artist on the PBS series Bluegrass Underground, on several late night TV shows, and at a voter registration rally for Barack Obama. In 2011, his album Mission Bell debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart.
OR-Tools
Google OR-Tools is a free and open-source software suite developed by Google for solving linear programming (LP), mixed integer programming (MIP), constraint programming (CP), vehicle routing (VRP), and related optimization problems. OR stands for operations research.

OR-Tools is a set of components written in C++ but provides wrappers for Java, .NET and Python.

It is distributed under the Apache License 2.0.

.NET
The .NET platform (pronounced as "dot net"; formerly named .NET Core) is a free and open-source, managed computer software framework for Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems. It is a cross-platform successor to the .NET Framework. The project is mainly developed by Microsoft employees by way of the .NET Foundation and is today released under an MIT License.

New versions of the .NET platform are released annually, typically in November. The most recent version of .NET is .NET 10, released in November 2025, which is a long-term support (LTS) version, and is scheduled to receive updates until November 2028.
Avan Varunnu
Avan Varunnu is a 1954 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by M. R. S. Mani and produced by M. Kunchacko. The film stars Prem Nazir and Kumari Thankam. The film had musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.

Kumari Thankam
Kumari Thankam was an Indian actress who acted in Malayalam cinema. She was a lead actress during the late 1950s and 1960s in Malayalam. She made her debut in Aathmasakhi in 1952. She acted in more than 50 movies.
Susan Bay
Susan Bay Nimoy (born Susan Linda Bay; March 16, 1943) is an American actress and director. Among her television appearances, she portrayed Admiral Rollman in two episodes of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: "Past Prologue" in the first season and "Whispers" in the second.

Bay was one of the Original Six, a group of women directors who created the Women's Steering Committee of the Directors Guild of America, to protest against gender discrimination in Hollywood. Bay has directed several documentaries, and the American premiere of Shakespeare's Will (2007). She returned to directing in 2018 with Eve, a film addressing issues of aging and mourning. She wrote the script while grieving for her husband, Leonard Nimoy.

Directors Guild of America
The Directors Guild of America (DGA) is an entertainment guild that represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States motion picture industry and abroad. Founded as the Screen Directors Guild in 1936, the group merged with the Radio and Television Directors Guild in 1960 to become the modern Directors Guild of America.
Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism
Inborn errors of metabolism can affect the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, such as in lactose intolerance. Carbohydrates account for a major portion of the human diet. These carbohydrates are composed of three principal monosaccharides: glucose, fructose and galactose; in addition, glycogen is the storage form of carbohydrates in humans. The failure to effectively use these molecules accounts for the majority of the inborn errors of human carbohydrates metabolism.

Galactose
Galactose (/ɡəˈlæktoʊs/, galacto- + -ose,  sometimes abbreviated Gal), is a common monosaccharide, i.e. a simple sugar.  It is classified as a reducing hexose, more specifically an aldohexose.  In terms of structure, it is a C-4 epimer of glucose. A white, water-soluble solid, it is about 80‍–‍90% as sweet as glucose and about 65% as sweet as sucrose.
City in Darkness
City in Darkness, also known as Charlie Chan in City in Darkness is a 1939 American drama film directed by Herbert I. Leeds and starring Sidney Toler, Lynn Bari, and Richard Clark. It is one of the films in the Charlie Chan film series, the fourth starring Toler, and was released on December 1, 1939.

Sidney Toler
Sidney Toler (born Hooper G. Toler Jr., April 28, 1874 – February 12, 1947) was an American actor, playwright, and theatre director. The second non-Asian actor to play the role of Charlie Chan on screen, he is best remembered for his portrayal of the Chinese-American detective in 22 films made between 1938 and 1946. Before becoming Chan, Toler played supporting roles in 50 motion pictures, and was a highly regarded comic actor on the Broadway stage.
Illinois Family Institute
The Illinois Family Institute (IFI) is a Christian organization based in Tinley Park, Illinois. Founded in 1990, its stated mission is "upholding and re-affirming marriage, family, life and liberty in Illinois", and it is affiliated with the American Family Association. The organization's legislative arm is the 501(c)(4) lobbying group Illinois Family Action, founded in 2010. The organization's executive director is David E. Smith, who in 2006, succeeded Peter LaBarbera, founder of Americans for Truth about Homosexuality.

IFI is a vocal opponent of abortion, separation of church and state, "activist judges", the "marriage penalty", civil unions, same-sex marriage, gambling and drug legalization.

Tinley Park, Illinois
Tinley Park is a village in Cook and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 55,971 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 54,856 in 2024. It is a suburb in the Chicago metropolitan area.
Beijing-Miyun Water Diversion Canal
The Beijing-Miyun Water Diversion Canal, abbreviated as Jingmi Diversion Canal, is a water diversion canal located within Beijing, China. It has a total length of 112.7 kilometers. Construction began in 1960, with the first phase completed in 1961 and the second phase finished in 1966. The project's primary goal is to divert water from the Chaobai River, stored in the Miyun Reservoir, into urban areas of Beijing. As the most important water supply route for the city, the Jingmi Diversion Canal is often said to deliver “two out of every three cups of water consumed daily by Beijing residents.”

Miyun Reservoir
The Miyun Reservoir (Chinese: 密云水库; pinyin: Mìyún Shuǐkù) is a large-scale reservoir in Miyun District, Beijing, China, straddling the Chao River (潮河) and Bai River (白河). There are two major rivers flowing into the reservoir, namely the Bai River and the Chao River. The reservoir was formally completed on September 1, 1960.

The Miyun Reservoir is the largest comprehensive water conservancy project in North China. The reservoir covers an area of 180 square kilometers, with a reservoir capacity of 4 billion cubic meters and an average depth of 30 meters, making it the largest and only source of drinking-water supply for Beijing, serving over 11 million people.

The Miyun Reservoir is the largest artificial lake in Asia and is billed as the "Pearl in North China" (华北明珠).
Dominic Powlesland
Dominic Powlesland, FSA (born 1954) is a British landscape archaeologist based in North Yorkshire. He has contributed to the methodologies of field archaeology and landscape survey, particularly geophysics and the use of computers when recording and processing archaeological data. He is the director of the Landscape Research Centre and visiting professor at the universities of York, Leeds, Huddersfield and Vienna.

Geophysical survey (archaeology)
In archaeology, geophysical survey is ground-based physical sensing techniques used for archaeological imaging or mapping. Remote sensing and marine surveys are also used in archaeology, but are generally considered separate disciplines. Other terms, such as "geophysical prospection" and "archaeological geophysics" are generally synonymous.
Nadar
Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (French: [ɡaspaʁ feliks tuʁnaʃɔ̃]; 5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910), known by the pseudonym Nadar (French: [nadaʁ]) or Félix Nadar, was a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist and balloonist who was a proponent of heavier-than-air flight. In 1858, he became the first person to take aerial photographs. Photographic portraits by Nadar are held by many of the great national collections of photographs. His son, Paul Nadar, continued the studio after his death.

Gérard de Nerval
Gérard de Nerval (French: [ʒeʁaʁ də nɛʁval]; 22 May 1808 – 26 January 1855), was the pen name of Gérard Labrunie, a French travel writer, essayist, poet, and translator. He was a major figure during the era of French romanticism, and best known for his novellas and poems, especially the collection Les Filles du feu (The Daughters of Fire), which included the novella Sylvie and the poem "El Desdichado". Through his translations, Nerval played a major role in introducing French readers to the works of German Romantic authors, including Klopstock, Schiller, Bürger and Goethe. His later work merged poetry and journalism in a fictional context and influenced Marcel Proust. His last novella, Aurélia ou le rêve et la vie, influenced André Breton and Surrealism.
Revisited (Cowboys International album)
Revisited was a compilation by new wave band Cowboys International. It was released in 2003 by Pnuma Records, in USA.

It compiles songs from The Original Sin album, released in 1979, and other singles of the band released in 1979 and 1980, the year when the band broke up and singer Ken Lockie went solo.

The compilation is also noted for showing the number of members the band had during their brief existence. Many of them were in bands previously known in the punk and new wave era, and continued in other future projects, like Ken Lockie, who by 1981 joined Public Image Ltd.; Keith Levene, also of Public Image; Jimmy Hughes, ex-The Banned, and later in Department S; Terry Chimes, ex-The Clash and later with Generation X, Hanoi Rocks and Black Sabbath; Paul Simon, ex-Neo and Radio Stars, and later with Glen Matlock; Marco Pirroni, ex-Siouxsie and the Banshees and shortly after being in Cowboys International, in Adam and the Ants; and Stevie Shears, previously in Ultravox.

Keith Levene
Julian Keith Levene (18 July 1957 – 11 November 2022) was an English musician who was a founding member of both the Clash and Public Image Ltd (PiL). While Levene was in PiL, their 1978 debut album Public Image: First Issue reached No. 22 on the UK album charts, and its lead track "Public Image" broke the top 10 UK singles chart.

Levene was born and raised in London, and although initially influenced by progressive rock, his musical taste changed after meeting fellow Clash founder Mick Jones. His punk and post-punk guitar sounds have been described as "both melodic and discordant, sonorous and violent".
Mahmudunnabi Chowdhury
Mahmudunnabi Chowdhury (Bengali: মাহমুদুন্নবী চৌধুরী; 7 January 1908 – 6 August 1995) was a Bangladeshi politician, businessman, and former government minister. He was one of the founders of the Chittagong Chamber of Commerce. Chowdhury contested as a United Front candidate for the Double Mooring-Sitakunda constituency at the 1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election. After being elected as a member, he served as the Minister for Mass Communication, and then as the Minister for Relief and Rehabilitation.

1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election
Legislative elections were held in East Bengal between 8 and 12 March 1954, the first since Pakistan became an independent country in 1947. The opposition United Front, led by the All-Pakistan Awami League and Krishak Sramik Party, won a landslide victory with 223 of the 309 seats. The Muslim League Chief Minister of East Pakistan, Nurul Amin, was defeated in his own constituency by Khaleque Nawaz Khan by over 7,000 votes, with all the Muslim League ministers losing their seats.
Bettel, Luxembourg
Bettel (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛtl̩] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Bëttel) is a village in the commune of Tandel, in north-eastern Luxembourg.  As of 2025, the village had a population of 389.

Until 1 January 2006, Bettel was part of the commune of Fouhren, which was merged with the commune of Bastendorf to form the modern commune of Tandel.

Bettel is situated on the river Our, just opposite the German border and the village of Roth an der Our.

Tandel
Tandel (German pronunciation: [ˈtandl̩]) is a commune and village in eastern Luxembourg, in the canton of Vianden. It lies close to the border with Germany. As of 2025, the village of Tandel, which lies in the centre of the commune, has a population of 114.
Romeo Candazo
Romeo "Ome" D. Candazo (June 18, 1952 – August 19, 2013) was a Filipino politician who served as the representative for Marikina's at-large district from 1992 to 2001. He was elected as an independent and later affiliated with the Liberal Party by the end of his tenure.

Born in Marikina, Candazo was educated at the University of the Philippines and was active in student activism, being imprisoned thrice during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1992 as the member for Marikina's at-large district. With a tenure marked by anti-poverty legislation, he was re-elected twice, in 1995 and in 1998.

Candazo ran for mayor of Marikina in 2001 as a member of the Liberal Party and lost to Marides Fernando, the wife of the incumbent Bayani Fernando. Candazo ran in the 2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections to represent Marikina's second district in the lower house. He lost to Miro Quimbo, placing third.

Marikina's at-large congressional district
Marikina's at-large congressional district was a congressional district for Marikina in the Philippines. It was represented in the House of Representatives from 1987 up to its division in 2007. The district was apportioned in 1987, pursuant to the constitution ratified that year, giving the city its own district after having been grouped with neighboring Pasig since 1984. The district was divided into two districts after an amendment to the city's charter was approved on December 15, 2006.