hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brevinema andersonii
Brevinema andersonii (Brev. i. ne' ma. L. adj. brevis, short; Gr. n. nema, thread; N.L. neut. n. Brevinema, a short thread.) (an.derso'ni.i. N.L. gen. n. andersonii, of Anderson), named for John F. Anderson, who first described the organism. This organism is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, helical shaped, chemoorganotrophic organism from the genus Brevinema. Brevinema andersonii is host associated, strains have been isolated from blood and other tissues of short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus Zeucopus) and are infectious for laboratory mice and Syrian hamsters.B. andersonii is readily identified by restriction enzyme analysis, and SDS-PAGE, or fatty acid composition data. Another identifier for B. andersonii is the sheathed periplasmic flagella in the 1-2-1 configuration. While cells are visible by dark-field or phase-contrast microscopy, they cannot be seen when bright-field microscopy is used.

Microaerophile
A microaerophile is a microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than those present in the atmosphere (i.e. < 21% O2; typically 2–10% O2) for optimal growth. A more restrictive interpretation requires the microorganism to be obligate in this requirement.  Many microaerophiles are also capnophiles, requiring an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide (e.g. 10% CO2 in the case of Campylobacter species).

The original definition of a microaerophile has been criticized for being too restrictive and not accurate enough compared to similar categories. The broader term microaerobe has been coined to describe microbes able to respire oxygen "within microoxic environments by using high-affinity terminal oxidase".
2007 Memphis mayoral election
The 2007 Memphis mayoral election took place on October 4, 2007. Incumbent Mayor Willie Herenton ran for re-election to a fifth term. Herenton entered the campaign with a negative job approval, and popular Shelby County Mayor A C Wharton was seen as a strong possible opponent. A draft movement attempted to persuade Wharton to challenge Herenton, but he ultimately declined to run. Herenton's leading opponents were City Councilmember Carol Chumney and Herman Morris, the former President and CEO of Memphis Light, Gas and Water. Wharton ultimately won re-election with a plurality of the vote, winning 42 percent of the vote to Chumney's 35 percent and Morris's 21 percent.

However, Wharton would not end up serving his full term as Mayor. In 2009, as he unsuccessfully challenged Democratic Congressman Steve Cohen for re-election in 2010, Herenton resigned as Mayor, triggering a special election.

A C Wharton
A C Wharton Jr. (born August 17, 1944) is an American educator, politician, and attorney who served as the 63rd mayor of Memphis, Tennessee and previously mayor of Shelby County. He was the second African American to serve as mayor of Shelby County.
Iravukku Aayiram Kangal
Iravukku Aayiram Kangal (transl. The Night has a Thousand Eyes) is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film directed by Mu. Maran. The film features an ensemble cast including Arulnithi, Ajmal Ameer, Mahima Nambiar, Vidya Pradeep, Chaya Singh, and Suja Varunee, while Anandaraj, John Vijay, Lakshmy Ramakrishnan, and Aadukalam Naren play supporting roles. Sam C. S. composed the soundtrack. The film was released on 11 May 2018.

Sam C. S.
Sam C. S. is an Indian music composer, producer, lyricist and singer who predominantly works in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. He debuted in Tamil with the horror film Orr Eravuu before working on the scientific thriller Ambuli.

His most notable scores include Kaithi, Puriyatha Puthir, Vikram Vedha (and its 2022 remake), Odiyan,  Adanga Maru, NOTA, RDX, Pushpa 2: The Rule, and Mahavatar Narsimha.
Badar Express
Badar Express (Urdu: بدر ایکسپریس) is a passenger train operated daily by Pakistan Railways between Lahore and Faisalabad in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The trip takes approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes to cover a published distance of 142 kilometres (88 mi), traveling along a stretch of the Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line, Shahdara Bagh–Sangla Hill Branch Line and Khanewal–Wazirabad Branch Line.

Shahdara Bagh–Sangla Hill Branch Line
Shahdara Bagh–Sangla Hill Branch Line (Urdu: شاہدرہ باغ-سانگلہ ہل برانچ لائن) is one of several branch lines in Pakistan, operated and maintained by Pakistan Railways. The line begins from Shahdara Bagh Junction station and ends at Sangla Hill Junction station. The total length of this railway line is 135 kilometers (84 mi). There are 10 operational railway stations from Shahdara Bagh to Sangla Hill.
Kawda Machan Alice
Kawda Machan Alice (Sinhala: කවුද මචං ඇලිස්) is a 2013 Sri Lankan Sinhala comedy film directed by Lesli Siriwardana and co-produced by Raj Ranasinghe and Ashok Ranasinghe. It stars Wimal Kumara de Costa and Ronnie Leitch in lead roles along with Wilson Gunaratne and Samanthi Lenarol. Music composed by Somapala Rathnayake. It is the 1193rd Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema.

Wilson Gunaratne
Wilson Gunaratne (born March 9, 1949, as විල්සන් ගුණරත්න [Sinhala]) is an actor and comedian in Sri Lankan cinema, stage drama and television. He is most notable for the role of Kodithuwakku in television comedy sitcom Nonavaruni Mahathvaruni and stage drama Charitha Atak. It is the only stage play in Sri Lanka in which one actor portrays eight different characters with eight different voices.
Castaly River
The Castaly River is a river of New Zealand. It is in north Canterbury, northwest of the township of Parnassus, and flows generally east for 8 kilometres (5 mi) before joining the Leader River, itself a tributary of the Waiau River.

Leader River
The Leader River is a river in the Hurunui District of the Canterbury region in New Zealand's South Island.  It is a tributary of the Waiau River, which it meets near Parnassus.  Numerous smaller watercourses join the Leader River, including the Hookhamsnyvy Creek.

In the 1910s, the New Zealand Railways Department intended to build a railway up the Leader River's valley as part of the Main North Line linking Christchurch with the Marlborough region.  Between 1912 and 1914, roughly 3 kilometres (2 mi) of track was laid northwards from Parnassus up the Leader River's valley, a few more kilometres of formation was made, and work began on a bridge over the Leader River.  However, the outbreak of World War I brought a halt to construction, and when work resumed on building the railway, a more easterly route out of Parnassus was chosen.  Nonetheless, a pier from the never-completed Leader River bridge continues to stand in the river.
Caquetá Territory
The Caquetá Territory (Spanish: Territorio del Caquetá) was a national territory of the Republic of New Granada and the subsequent states of the Granadine Confederation and the United States of Colombia from 1845 to 1886. Its capital was Mocoa.

Republic of New Granada
The Republic of New Granada was a centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru and Brazil that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after the dissolution of Great Colombia in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858, the state was renamed into the Granadine Confederation.
On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white.
Archie Radebe
Archie 'Juluka' Radebe (c. 1959 – 7 January 2015) was a South African soccer player and coach. He played for AmaZulu and the Moroka Swallows in the South African National Premier Soccer League. He later coached the Manzini Wanderers in the Swazi Premier League, and Hellenic F.C.

National Premier Soccer League
The National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) is an American men's soccer league. The league is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and has automatic qualification for the U.S. Open Cup. It is the successor of the Men's Premier Soccer League, a regional league originally based in the Western United States, which has now expanded nationwide to encompass teams from 29 states. The league's motto is "A National League with a Regional Focus".
Kiringul
Kiringul (Korean: 기린굴; lit. Kirin's Grotto) is a cave in North Korea said to have been the home of the kirin (Qilin in Chinese), a mythical chimeric beast that was reputedly ridden by King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo in the 1st century BC.

In November 2012, the state-owned Korean Central News Agency reported that the site had been discovered in Moranbong near the North Korean capital, Pyongyang. The North Korean government claims that the discovery proves that Pyongyang is the historic capital of Korea. Analysts outside North Korea have put the announcement in the context of long-running North Korean attempts to link the country's regime with the ancient Korean kings, and so position it as the legitimate heir to the legacy of Goguryeo.

Korean Central News Agency
The Korean Central News Agency (KCNA; Korean: 조선중앙통신) is the state news agency of North Korea. The agency portrays the views of the North Korean government for both domestic and foreign consumption. It was established on December 5, 1946, and now features online coverage.
James Watt (entrepreneur)
James Bruce Watt MBE (born 18 May 1982) is a Scottish businessman and investor from Fraserburgh, Scotland. He is the co-founder and former CEO of BrewDog. As of 2024, his net worth is estimated to be over £400 million.

Fraserburgh
Fraserburgh (/ˈfreɪzərbərə/; Scottish Gaelic: Baile nam Frisealach), locally known as the Broch, is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, with a population recorded in the 2011 Census as 13,100. It lies in Buchan in the northeastern corner of the county, about 40 miles (64 km) north of Aberdeen and 17 miles (27 km) north of Peterhead. It is the biggest shellfish port in Scotland and one of the largest in Europe, landing over 5,450 tonnes (5,360 long tons; 6,010 short tons) in 2016. Fraserburgh is also a major port for white and pelagic fish.
Surendra (actor)
Surendra (11 November 1910 – 11 September 1987; Surendra Nath Sharma) was an Indian singer-actor of Hindi films. Known by his mononym, Surendra was born and educated in Punjab to be a lawyer by profession. He came to Bombay to become a singer on the recommendation of a Delhi distributor and his friends. He was "picked" by Mehboob Khan whom he met at Sagar Movietone, to sing and act in films as an alternative to the then Calcutta-based singer-actor, K. L. Saigal. Surendra started his career with his debut starring role in Deccan Queen (1936), directed by Mehboob Khan. He soon became a part of Sagar Movietone when his song "Birha Ki Aag Lagi More Man Mein" from the film  became an "instant hit".

K. L. Saigal
Kundan Lal Saigal, often abbreviated as K. L. Saigal (11 April 1904 – 18 January 1947), was an Indian singer and actor who worked in Hindi cinema, which was centred in Calcutta (Kolkata) during his time, but is currently based in Bombay (Mumbai).
Saigal's unique voice, a blend of baritone and soft tenor, set the benchmark for many singers who followed him. Even today, it remains the gold standard, shining through despite the limitations of early and relatively primitive recording technology. Unlike other singers, he did not record songs for actors to lip-sync on screen. It was only in the final years of his career, from 1945 to 1947, that he recorded songs for studio release; these recordings were for his own performances as an on-screen actor. Thus, while most singers in Hindi cinema became playback singers, Saigal was not.
The Bushwackers (band)
The Bushwackers Band, often simply the Bushwackers, are an Australian folk and country music band or bush band founded in 1970. Their cover version of "And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda" (1976) was listed in the APRA Top 30 Australian songs in 2001, alongside its writer Eric Bogle's 1980 rendition. Their top 60 studio albums on the Australian Kent Music Report are Bushfire (1978), Dance Album (1980), Faces in the Street and Beneath the Southern Cross (both 1981).

APRA Top 30 Australian songs
APRA's Top 30 Australian songs was a list created by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) in 2001, to celebrate its 75th anniversary. A panel of 100 music personalities were asked to list the "ten best and most significant Australian songs of the past 75 years". The top ten songs, in numerical order, were announced on 28 May 2001 at the APRA Awards. The next twenty were not ordered and had been released nearly four weeks earlier, on 2 May, in a media statement by APRA representative Debbie Kruger.

At the 2001 APRA Awards ceremony, You Am I performed the No. 1 listed song "Friday on My Mind" with Harry Vanda of the Easybeats guesting on guitar. Ross Wilson of Daddy Cool performed the No. 2 listed song "Eagle Rock", while Midnight Oil's "Beds are Burning" at No. 3 was shown on video introduced by Senator Aden Ridgeway as an Indigenous spokesperson on reconciliation.
Jonelle Allen
Jonelle R. Allen (born July 8, 1948) is an American actress, singer, and dancer. Beginning her professional career in the late 1960s, Allen has co-starred in films, Broadway productions, and television. In 1972, Allen was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her performance in the musical Two Gentlemen of Verona. She appeared in films such as Come Back Charleston Blue (1972) and The River Niger (1976) and was a regular cast member in television series Generations (1989–1991) and Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman (1993–1998).

Two Gentlemen of Verona (musical)
Two Gentlemen of Verona is a rock musical, with a book by John Guare and Mel Shapiro, lyrics by Guare and music by Galt MacDermot, based on the Shakespeare comedy of the same name.

The original Broadway production, in 1971, won the Tony Awards for Best Musical and Best Book of a Musical. A London production followed in 1973. The Public Theater revived the piece in 2005.
Kasika massacre
The Kasika massacre (French: Massacre de Kasika) took place on August 24, 1998, in the villages of Kasika, Kilungutwe, Kalama, and Zokwe, located in the Luindi Chiefdom of the Mwenga Territory in the South Kivu Province, situated in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Troops from the Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) and Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA), primarily composed of Tutsi armed forces, killed over 1,000 civilians, predominantly belonging to the Nyindu community.

The massacre's memory is deeply ingrained in the collective consciousness of the Congolese populace and affected prominent politicians, human rights activists, and organizations dedicated to human rights.

Rally for Congolese Democracy
The Congolese Rally for Democracy (French: Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie; abbreviated RCD), also known as the Rally for Congolese Democracy, is a political party and former rebel group that operated in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It was supported by the government of Rwanda, and was a major armed faction in the Second Congo War (1998-2003). It became a social liberal political party in 2003.
Olympus OM-D E-M5 Mark II
The Olympus OM-D E-M5 Mark II is a digital interchangeable-lens camera announced in February 2015. It features a new 40-megapixel high-resolution mode that uses sensor shift to generate overlapping 16-megapixel images to then compute a 40-megapixel composite. It is the successor of the Olympus OM-D E-M5. Compared to that earlier model from 2012 and flagship OM-D E-M1 released in 2013, both of which are claimed to have 4 f-stops of shake compensation when shooting handheld, Olympus claims the OM-D E-M5 II can compensate 5 f-stops.

Olympus OM-D E-M1
The Olympus OM-D E-M1 Micro Four Thirds is a compact mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera introduced on September 10, 2013. It has built-in on sensor phase detection.

As of October 2014, it had the highest camera sensor rating of any Olympus camera, according to DxO Labs, with a score of 73.
Ronald Markman
Ronald Markman (May 29, 1931 – May 30, 2017) was an American artist and educator best known for producing large colorful paintings and sculptures in a style that combined elements of Surrealism and pop art with a deep grounding in color theory. He integrated classical and popular culture, humor, as well as whimsy and riotous color to deliver social satire and a deeply personal vision of the world.

Claes Oldenburg
Claes Oldenburg (January 28, 1929 – July 18, 2022) was a Swedish-born American sculptor best known for his public art installations, typically featuring large replicas of everyday objects. Another theme in his work is soft sculpture versions of everyday objects. Many of his works were made in collaboration with his wife, Coosje van Bruggen, who died in 2009; they had been married for 32 years. Oldenburg lived and worked in New York City.
Jack Heighton
Jack Heighton (born 26 February 1999) is a New Zealand rugby union player, currently playing for the Rugby New York (Ironworkers) in Major League Rugby (MLR) and North Harbour in the National Provincial Championship. His preferred position is fly-half or Fullback.

North Harbour (National Provincial Championship)
North Harbour are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Albany, New Zealand. Established in 1985, they play in the National Provincial Championship. They play their home games at North Harbour Stadium in Albany. The team is affiliated with the Blues Super Rugby franchise and represents the area north of Auckland. Their home playing colours are white black and cardinal.
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Capsella bursa-pastoris, commonly known as shepherd's purse or lady's purse, is a small flowering plant in the mustard family. It has been described as a protocarnivore because its seeds contain mucilage, which traps nematodes.

The plant is native to Eurasia but is naturalized and considered a common weed in many parts of the world, especially in colder climates. It has a number of culinary uses.

Mucilage
Mucilage is a thick gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms. These microorganisms include protists which use it for their locomotion, with the direction of their movement always opposite to that of the secretion of mucilage. It is a polar glycoprotein and an exopolysaccharide. Mucilage in plants plays a role in the storage of water and food, seed germination, and thickening membranes. Cacti (and other succulents) and flax seeds are especially rich sources of mucilage.
Mike Mercer (shot putter)
Mike Mercer (born April 28, 1947) is a Canadian former athlete who competed in shot put.

Mercer attended Oakville Trafalgar High School.

As a specialist in shot put, Mercer won Canada's national championship in 1971 and claimed a bronze medal at the 1971 Pan American Games in Cali, behind Americans Al Feuerbach and Karl Salb. He also had a fourth-place finish at the 1978 Commonwealth Games and was third at the 1981 Pacific Conference Games.

Mercer became a powerlifter in the 1980s after growing frustrated with athletics and set multiple Canadian records.

Karl Salb
Karl Salb (born May 19, 1949) is an American retired shot putter.  Competing for the University of Kansas he won six successive NCAA Championships, three each Indoors and Outdoors.  No other athlete has won more than four.  Additionally, he finished fourth at the Olympic Trials in 1968 and sixth in 1972.

He was also the 1971  United States champion.

In an era when there was no money to be made in amateur track and field, Salb was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the 14th round of the 1972 NFL draft.  The married "Gentle Giant" chose not to pursue the sport and remain an amateur.

While competing for Crossett High School in 1967, Salb set the National High School Record for the shot put at 69' 7"

Salb was inducted into the USTFCCCA Collegiate Athlete Hall of Fame in 2024.
828th Bombardment Squadron
The 828th Bombardment Squadron was a squadron of the United States Army Air Forces.  It was active during World War II in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations as a Consolidated B-24 Liberator unit, where it earned a Distinguished Unit Citation.  Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States and began training with the Boeing B-29 Superfortress at Smoky Hill Army Air Field, Kansas, before inactivating in August 1946 and transferring its personnel to another unit that was activated in its place.

Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army
The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA), originally called the North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), was a military formation of the United States Army that supervised all U.S. Army forces which fought in North Africa and Italy during World War II.

United States Army operations in the theater began with Operation Torch, when Allied forces landed on the beaches of northwest Africa on 8 November 1942, and concluded in the Italian Alps some 31 months later, with the German surrender in Italy on 2 May 1945. For administrative purposes, U.S. components were responsible to Headquarters North African Theater of Operations, United States Army (NATOUSA), which was created 14 February 1943. NATOUSA was redesignated Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army (MTOUSA), on 26 October 1944.
Legends of the coco de mer
The nut and tree of the coco de mer is a rare species of palm tree native to Africa, in the Seychelles archipelago in the Indian Ocean. It is the subject of various legends and lore. Coco de mer is endemic to the Seychelles islands of Praslin and Curieuse. Before the Seychelles were discovered and settled, nuts of this species were sometimes carried by the ocean currents to distant shores, such as those of the Maldives, where the tree was unknown. These floating nuts did not germinate. The exceptional size and suggestive form of the nut, the circumstances of its discovery, and some unusual qualities of the trees have given rise to several legends.

Praslin
Praslin (French pronunciation: [pʁalɛ̃]) is the second largest island (38.5 km2) of the Inner Seychelles, lying 44 km (27 mi) northeast of Mahé. Praslin has a population of around 7,533 people and comprises two administrative districts: Baie Sainte Anne and Grand' Anse. The main settlements are the Baie Ste Anne, Anse Volbert and Grand' Anse.
David Lång
Lars David Lång (born 14 November 1972) is a former Swedish member of the Riksdag for the Sweden Democrats from 2010 to 2024.

He has been a member of the Taxation Committee from October 2010 until January 2010 when he left the Taxation Committee to join the Social Insurance Committee in January 2012. He left the Social Insurance Committee in October 2014 and after the 2014 general election and rejoined the Taxation Committee. He is also a board member for the Sweden Democrats.

Committee on Social Insurance
The (Parliamentary) Committee on Social Insurance (Swedish: Socialförsäkringsutskottet, SfU) is a parliamentary committee in the Swedish Riksdag. The committee's areas of responsibility concern health insurance, pensions, policies on families, asylum, human migration, integration policies for newly arrived migrants, along with Swedish citizenship.

The Speaker of the committee is Viktor Wärnick from the Moderate Party and the vice-Speaker is Tony Haddou from the Left Party.