hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Avalon Marshes Partnership
The Avalon Marshes Partnership is a group of conservation organisations working together in the Somerset Levels. The members
are Natural England, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), the Somerset Wildlife Trust, the Hawk and Owl Trust, Historic England, South West Heritage Trust and  the Environment Agency. Between 2012 and 2016 the scheme was supported by a Heritage Lottery Fund grant of £1,772,500 with additional investment of £920,080 from other sources. The Avalon Marshes Centre, run by Natural England, is near the Shapwick Heath reserve. The network of reserves and private land managed for conservation in the Avalon marshes means that wetland management can be carried out on a landscape scale.

Natural England
Natural England is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. It is responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, freshwater and marine environments, geology and soils, are protected and enhanced. It also has a responsibility to help people enjoy, understand and access the natural environment.

Natural England focuses its activities and resources on four strategic outcomes:

a healthy natural environment

enjoyment of the natural environment

sustainable use of the natural environment

a secure environmental future
1907 Melbourne Cup
The 1907 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 5 November 1907.

This race saw a 19-horse field compete. Jockey Bill Evans rode Apologue to victory after losing 19 pounds in a few days to meet the horse's weight of 7 stone 9 pounds. Evans was so weak after the race he was only able to unbuckle the saddle's girth strap before collapsing unconscious. 15 minutes later and still unconscious he was laid on top of the scales and correct weight was then signaled. Evans would regain conscious an hour later. Poseidon the stable mate of Apologue and the 1906 race winner finished 11th.

This is the list of placegetters for the 1907 Melbourne Cup.

1906 Melbourne Cup
The 1906 Melbourne Cup was a two-mile handicap horse race which took place on Tuesday, 6 November 1906.

This race saw a 21-horse field compete. Three year old Poseidon beat fellow three year old Antonius by three lengths to cap off a magical run as earlier in the spring he had won Australian Derby, Eclipse Stakes, Caulfield Cup and Victoria Derby. Jimmy Ah Poon was growing vegetables near Canterbury Park Racecourse and supplied them to trainer Ike Earnshaw and through that became friends with Poseidon. Starting in September he began betting on Poseidon. The only time he did not back the colt was in The Metropolitan where he was beaten. Ah Poon had turned his original stakes of £10 to £35,500.

This is the list of placegetters for the 1906 Melbourne Cup.
Henry Newsham Peers
Captain  Henry Newsham Peers  (1821 – 1864) was a Canadian fur trader, military officer and  British Columbia pioneer. He became a clerk in the Montreal Department of the Hudson's Bay Company, eventually rising to the rank of chief trader. He also established Fort Hope in British Columbia, and served as Captain under Gov. Isaac Stevens during American Indian Wars of 1855-1856.

Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of a world fur market in the early modern period, furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued. Historically the trade stimulated the exploration and colonization of Siberia, northern North America, and the South Shetland and South Sandwich Islands.

Today the importance of the fur trade has diminished; it is based on pelts produced at fur farms and regulated fur-bearer trapping, but has become controversial. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, citing that animals are brutally killed and sometimes skinned alive. Fur has been replaced in some clothing by synthetic imitations, for example, as in ruffs on hoods of parkas.
Zachary Cawdry
Zachary Cawdry or Cawdrey (1616 – 1684) was a Church of England clergyman and writer, author of the Discourse of Patronage (1675). He was Rector of Barthomley in Cheshire during the Commonwealth, and for fourteen years after the Restoration.

Barthomley
Barthomley is a village and ancient parish, and is now a civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of  Cheshire, England.  According to the 2001 and the 2011 census' the parish had a population of 202.  The village is situated near junction 16 of the M6 motorway and by the border with Staffordshire.  It is about three miles south-west of Alsager.

The hamlet of Radway Green, location of a Royal Ordnance Factory, is within the parish, north-east of the village of Barthomley and just outside Alsager. There was a railway station in Radway Green, on the Crewe to Derby Line, as well as a station reserved for the factory at Millway. However, both of these are now closed. Radway Green and Barthomley station closed to goods traffic on 7 June 1964, followed by its closure to passengers on 7 November 1966.
Jay Critch
Jason Cole Critchlow (born February 25, 1998), known professionally as Jay Critch, is an American rapper from Brooklyn, New York City. He signed with Rich the Kid's record label, Rich Forever Music, in 2016, and first gained recognition from his collaborations with the rapper. Released in a joint venture with Interscope Records, his debut solo mixtape, Hood Favorite (2018), entered the Billboard 200, along with two of his compilation albums with the former label: Rich Forever 3 (2017) and Rich Forever 4 (2019).

Rowdy Rebel
Chad Marshall (born November 24, 1991), known professionally as Rowdy Rebel, is an American rapper. He is a member of the Brooklyn-based GS9 collective, formed by hometown rapper Bobby Shmurda. He is best known for his guest appearance on Pop Smoke's 2020 single, "Make It Rain", which entered the top 50 of the Billboard Hot 100.
Julien Lamy
Julien Elie Lamy (born 6 November 1999) is a French professional footballer who plays as a winger for Bulgarian First League club Lokomotiv Plovdiv.

Having started his career in his native France with Brest II and Plabennec, Lamy has also played in England with Rotherham United, AFC Wimbledon and Grimsby Town.

Stade Plabennécois
Stade Plabennécois Football (Breton: Plabenneg; commonly referred to as simply Plabennec) is a French association football club based in the commune of Plabennec. The club was founded in 1934 and achieved promotion to the Championnat National after winning its group in the 2008–09 edition of the Championnat de France amateur.  The team was relegated to the CFA after they finished 19th in the 2010–11 Championnat National season. Since then they have been promoted and relegated between the fourth and fifth tier division on a number of occasions, and as of the 2025–26 season play in Régional 1.

Plabennec plays its home matches at the Stade de Kervéguen located within the city.
Russian cruiser Zhemchug
Zhemchug (Russian: Жемчуг, "Pearl") was the second of the two-vessel Izumrud class of protected cruisers built for the Imperial Russian Navy. She was sunk during World War I by the German light cruiser Emden in the Battle of Penang in 1914.

Izumrud-class cruiser
The Izumrud class were a group of two protected cruisers built for the Imperial Russian Navy.

The two ships Izumrud ("emerald") and Zhemchug ("pearl"), were copies of newly designed cruiser, Novik, that was built at the Schichau yard in Danzig, German Empire. With the prototype purchased copies were soon underway at the Nyevsky Shipyard  in St. Petersburg between 1901 and 1904.
The Anderssons Rock the Mountains
The Anderssons Rock the Mountains (Swedish: Sune i fjällen) is a Swedish comedy, children's and family film, which opened at cinemas in Sweden on 19 December 2014. The film, partly recorded in Åre, is the final in a trilogy of Sune films.

Åre
Åre (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈôːrɛ]; Southern Sami: Ååre) is a locality and one of the leading Scandinavian ski resorts situated in Åre Municipality, Jämtland County, Sweden with 3,200 inhabitants in 2018. It is, however, not the seat of the municipality, which is Järpen. 25% of the local economy is based on tourism, most notably the downhill skiing and biking resorts in Åre, Duved and Storlien. The growth in tourism has resulted in the development of hotels, recreational and shopping opportunities in the area.
New York State Route 224
New York State Route 224 (NY 224) is a 19.77-mile-long (31.82 km) state highway in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. The route is signed as north–south; however, in actuality the highway follows more of an east–west routing across southeastern Schuyler County and northeastern Chemung County. The western terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 14 in the village of Montour Falls southeast of Seneca Lake and its eastern terminus is at a junction with NY 34 in the village of Van Etten.

Chemung County, New York
Chemung County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 84,148 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat is Elmira. Its name is derived from a Delaware Indian village whose name means "big horn" in the Seneca language. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

Chemung County comprises the Elmira, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Elmira-Corning, NY Combined Statistical Area.

Many signs posted along roads in Chemung County refer to the area as "Mark Twain Country," because the noted author lived and wrote for many years in Elmira.
Giuseppe Addobbati
Giuseppe Addobbati (31 December 1909 – 4 January 1986) was an Italian film actor known for his roles in Spaghetti Western and action films in the 1960s and 1970s. He was often billed as John MacDouglas for films released to an American audience.

Addobbati was born in Makarska and later lived in Trieste. He made over 80 film appearances between 1937 and 1980 often as a police officer or law enforcer. He starred in films such as The Phantom of the Opera (1964), Blood For A Silver Dollar  alongside Giuliano Gemma (Montgomery Wood) and in The Conformist (1970).

He also made several horror film appearances such as Nightmare Castle in 1965 alongside Barbara Steele, Paul Muller, Helga Liné, Laurence Clift and Rik Battaglia.

Giuliano Gemma
Giuliano Gemma (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdʒɛmma]; 2 September 1938 – 1 October 2013) was an Italian actor. He is best known internationally for his work in Spaghetti Westerns, particularly for his performances as the title character in Duccio Tessari's A Pistol for Ringo (1965), Captain Montgomery Brown/'Ringo' in Tessari's The Return of Ringo (1965), the title character in Michele Lupo's Arizona Colt (1966), Scott Mary in Tonino Valerii's Day of Anger (1967) and Michael "California" Random in Lupo's California (1977).
MV Rama Rao
MV Rama Rao (24 August 1907) was an Indian freedom fighter, lawyer and politician. He practiced at the Mysore High Court. He served in the Constituent Assembly of India, Karnataka Legislative Assembly, and later the Karnataka Legislative Council. He was a member of the Indian National Congress.

Karnataka Legislative Council
The Karnataka Legislative Council (formerly the Mysore Legislative Council) is the upper house of the state legislature of Karnataka in India. Karnataka is one of six Indian states with a bicameral legislature; the Legislative Assembly is the lower house. The Council is a permanent body of 75 members, of whom 64 are elected in various ways in staggered elections and 11 are appointed by the Governor of Karnataka. Members hold their seats for six-year terms.
Frank Sidoris
Frank Sidoris is an American guitarist who started his professional career as a member of the rock band The Cab from August 2011 to early 2012. He left the group to join Slash's solo project band, Slash feat. Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators, as their permanent touring rhythm guitarist, in support of their albums Apocalyptic Love (2012), and World on Fire (2014). He became an official group member for the album Living the Dream (2018). He is also a touring guitarist for Wolfgang Van Halen's band Mammoth.

Wolfgang Van Halen
Wolfgang William Van Halen (/væn ˈheɪlən/ van HAY-lən, Dutch: [ˈʋɔl(ə)fxɑŋ ˈʋɪlijɑɱ vɑn ˈɦaːlə(n)], born March 16, 1991) is an American musician. The son of actress Valerie Bertinelli and guitarist Eddie Van Halen, he performed alongside his father and his uncle Alex as the bassist for Van Halen from 2007 to 2020. He also performed with the heavy metal band Tremonti from 2012 to 2016. After his father died in 2020, which led to the disbanding of Van Halen, he began to focus on his solo project Mammoth, in which he performs all instruments and vocals. His debut album Mammoth WVH was released in 2021, and his second album Mammoth II was released in 2023.
Epistles to the Corinthians
There are two Epistles to the Corinthians in the New Testament:

First Epistle to the Corinthians

Second Epistle to the Corinthians

There is also a Third Epistle to the Corinthians, once considered canonical by the Armenian Apostolic Church, but now almost universally believed to be pseudepigraphical.

First Epistle to the Corinthians
The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Ancient Greek: Α΄ ᾽Επιστολὴ πρὸς Κορινθίους) is one of the Pauline epistles, part of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The epistle is attributed to Paul the Apostle and a co-author, Sosthenes, and is addressed to the Christian church in Corinth. Scholars believe that Sosthenes was the amanuensis who wrote down the text of the letter at Paul's direction. It addresses various issues which had arisen in the Christian community at Corinth and is composed in a form of Koine Greek. Despite the name, it is not believed to be the first such letter written to the Corinthian church.
Percy Lane Oliver
Percy Lane Oliver OBE (11 April 1878 – 16 April 1944) was a British civil servant, who is credited with founding the first volunteer blood donation service. A layman, Oliver was working for the Camberwell division of the Red Cross in 1921 when he responded to a call from a local hospital requesting an urgent blood donation. This experience led him to organise a panel of donors whose blood types were known and who were available to donate on request. The donors, unusually for the time, were not paid. Oliver's blood donation service, which he ran out of his London home, would grow from 20 volunteers at its inception to approximately 2700 in 1938. His model of voluntary blood donation was adopted throughout Britain and in other countries.

British Red Cross
The British Red Cross Society (Welsh: Y Groes Goch Brydeinig) is the United Kingdom body of the worldwide neutral and impartial humanitarian network the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The society was formed in 1870, and is a registered charity with 10,500 volunteers and 3,500 staff. At the heart of their work is providing help to people in crisis, both in the UK and overseas. The Red Cross is committed to helping people without discrimination, regardless of their ethnic origin, nationality, political beliefs or religion. Queen Elizabeth II was the patron of the society until her death in 2022, and was replaced by her successor King Charles III, who previously served as president between 2003 and 2024.

In the year ending December 2023, the charity's income was £331 million, which included £32M from government contracts and £34M from government grants. Total expenditure was £323M, of which £246M (76%) of its income delivering its charitable activities.
Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping
Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping is a 2016 American mockumentary musical comedy film directed by Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone from a screenplay written by and starring Andy Samberg, Taccone, and Schaffer. The trio, collectively known as The Lonely Island, also co-produced the film with Judd Apatow and Rodney Rothman. Sarah Silverman, Tim Meadows, Imogen Poots, Joan Cusack, Maya Rudolph, and Chris Redd appear in supporting roles.

The film was released on June 3, 2016, by Universal Pictures, and became a box-office bomb, grossing just over $9 million against a budget of $20 million. It received generally positive reviews from critics, and has since developed a cult following.

Imogen Poots
Imogen Gay Poots (born June 1989) is an English actress. She played Tammy in the post-apocalyptic horror film 28 Weeks Later (2007), Linda Keith in the Jimi Hendrix biopic Jimi: All Is by My Side (2013), Debbie Raymond in the Paul Raymond biopic The Look of Love (2013), and Julia Maddon in the American action film Need for Speed (2014). Also in 2014, she portrayed Jess Crichton in A Long Way Down, alongside Pierce Brosnan and Aaron Paul. She appeared as Isabella "Izzy" Patterson in Peter Bogdanovich's She's Funny That Way. In 2016, she starred as Kelly Ann in the Showtime series Roadies. In 2019, she co-starred with Jesse Eisenberg in the films Vivarium and The Art of Self-Defense. In 2020, she played Laura in The Father (2020).
Jack Beale
Jack Gordon Beale AO (17 July 1917 – 7 June 2006) was an Australian politician who championed the need for Australia to conserve and develop its water resources. He was also Australia's first environment minister. In his obituary in The Sydney Morning Herald, he was described as "a visionary, one of the first to realize what would become vital issues in Australia: the potential of water resources and the limited capacity of the environment to sustain abuse." Known as the 'Water Man,' he was quoted as saying:

"Australia is the lowest, flattest, hottest and driest continent on the earth and we have to manage it accordingly."

Most of Australia's rivers flow relatively short distances to the sea. As early as 1963, Jack Beale called for water from Australia's rivers to be diverted to the arid inland.

Minister for the Environment (New South Wales)
The New South Wales Minister for the Environment is a ministerial position in the Government of New South Wales with responsibilities which included environmental regulation and policy, national parks, and the conservation and protection of built and environmental heritage in New South Wales, Australia. The current minister, since 28 March 2023, is Penny Sharpe.

Between the 2019 state election and December 2021, the ministerial post was merged with the Energy and Utilities portfolio to create the Minister for Energy and Environment. Between December 2021 and March 2023, the environment ministerial post was combined with heritage to create the title of Minister for the Environment and Heritage.

The minister administers the portfolio through the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water and a range of other government agencies.

Ultimately, the minister is responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
Central series
In mathematics, especially in the fields of group theory and Lie theory, a central series is a kind of normal series of subgroups or Lie subalgebras, expressing the idea that the commutator is nearly trivial. For groups, the existence of a central series means it is a nilpotent group; for matrix rings (considered as Lie algebras), it means that in some basis the ring consists entirely of upper triangular matrices with constant diagonal.

This article uses the language of group theory; analogous terms are used for Lie algebras.

A general group possesses a lower central series and upper central series (also called the descending central series and ascending central series, respectively), but these are central series in the strict sense (terminating in the trivial subgroup) if and only if the group is nilpotent. A related but distinct construction is the derived series, which terminates in the trivial subgroup whenever the group is solvable.

Triangular matrix
In mathematics, a triangular matrix is a special kind of square matrix. A square matrix is called lower triangular if all the entries above the main diagonal are zero. Similarly, a square matrix is called upper triangular if all the entries below the main diagonal are zero.

Because matrix equations with triangular matrices are easier to solve, they are very important in numerical analysis. By the LU decomposition algorithm, an invertible matrix may be written as the product of a lower triangular matrix L and an upper triangular matrix U if and only if all its leading principal minors are non-zero.
Concordia Cavaliers
The Concordia Cavaliers were the athletic teams that represented Concordia University, located in Portland, Oregon, in intercollegiate sports as a member of the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), primarily competing in the Great Northwest Athletic Conference (GNAC) from 2015–16 to 2019–20. The Cavaliers previously competed in the Cascade Collegiate Conference (CCC) of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1993–94 to 2014–15. The official school colors were navy and white.

Cascade Collegiate Conference
The Cascade Collegiate Conference (or Cascade Conference) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA).  Member schools are located in the Northwestern United States and in British Columbia.  The conference's members compete in 15 sports. The current commissioner of the conference is Robert Cashell.
Kyros of Constantinople
Kyros of Constantinople (Ancient Greek: Κῦρος; died 8 January 712) was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 705 to 711. He is regarded as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Catholic Church, which had set his feast for 7 January in Catholic Church and 8 January (21) in Orthodox Church. Kyros was placed on the patriarchal throne in 705 by Emperor Justinian II, as a replacement for the deposed Patriarch Callinicus I of Constantinople. Soon after Justinian II's decline and eventual fall in December 711, Kyros was replaced by the new Emperor Philippicus with Patriarch John VI of Constantinople, who shared Philippicus' Monothelite sympathies.

Justinian II
Justinian II (Greek: Ἰουστινιανός, romanized: Ioustinianós; Latin: Iustinianus; 668/69 – 4 November 711), nicknamed "the Slit-Nosed" (Greek: ὁ Ῥινότμητος, romanized: ho Rhīnótmētos), was the last Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Like his namesake, Justinian I, Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Roman Empire to its former glories. However, he responded brutally to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father, Constantine IV.  Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, resulting in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising. He only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a Bulgarian army. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and in 711 he was killed by mutinous soldiers.
People's Education
People’s Education (人民教育) is a Chinese academic journal in education as well as a platform for spreading China’s education policies and teaching reforms. Founded in Beijing in May 1950, People’s Education has developed into a national comprehensive magazine in basic education, publishing articles on education policy, curriculum reform, teaching practice, and academic research. It is published by the China Education Newspaper & Periodicals Agency of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.

Ministry of Education (China)
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China is a constituent department of the State Council, responsible for basic education, vocational education, higher education, and other educational affairs throughout the country. The Ministry of Education acts as the predominant funder of national universities and colleges in China. The ministry also accredits tertiary institutions, degree curriculum, and school teachers of the country.

The Ministry of Education currently has 19 internal departments and bureaus. As of 2022, there were 75 colleges and universities affiliated with the Ministry of Education.