hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Golden Gate Biosphere Network
The Golden Gate Biosphere Network (GGBN or the Network) is a voluntary coalition of federal, state and local government agencies, nonprofit organizations, universities, and private partners within the Golden Gate Biosphere region (along the western portion of the San Francisco Bay Area). The Network aims to protect the region's biodiversity and conserve its natural resources. The Network has been part of the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme since 1988.GGBN is also part of the US Biosphere Network as well as EuroMAB. It is recognized by UNESCO for its "significance for biological diversity conversation" and organizational efforts involving municipal authorities and private interests.

The Network periodically submits reports to UNESCO on current land-management issues related to the region's biodiversity and its connection to people. Recent efforts have focused on outreach to potential collaborators and promoting research on biodiversity and climate change adaptation.

Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve
The Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve is a 1,190 acres (483 ha) nature preserve and biological field station formally established as a reserve in 1973. The biological preserve is owned by Stanford University, and is part of the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.  It is located at 37°24′29″N 122°13′39″W﻿ / ﻿37.408°N 122.2275°W﻿ / 37.408; -122.2275 south of Sand Hill Road and west of Interstate 280 in Portola Valley, San Mateo County, California. It is used by students, researchers, and docents to conduct biology research, and teach the community about the importance of that research. The preserve encompasses Jasper Ridge and Searsville Lake (actually a reservoir) and the upper reaches of San Francisquito Creek, along with the latter's Corte Madera Creek and Bear Creek tributaries.
St Abb's Head
St Abb's Head is a rocky promontory by the village of St Abbs in Berwickshire, Scotland, and a national nature reserve administered by the National Trust for Scotland. St Abb's Head Lighthouse was designed and built by the brothers David Stevenson and Thomas Stevenson and began service on 24 February 1862.

National Trust for Scotland
The National Trust for Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Urras Nàiseanta na h-Alba) is a Scottish conservation organisation. It is the largest membership organisation in Scotland and describes itself as "the charity that cares for, shares and speaks up for Scotland's magnificent heritage".

The trust owns and manages around 130 properties and 76,000 hectares (190,000 acres; 760 km2) of land, including castles, ancient small dwellings, historic sites, gardens, coastline, mountains and countryside. It is similar in function to the National Trust, which covers England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and to other national trusts worldwide.
Battle of Alclud Ford
The Battle of Alclud Ford took place between the post-Roman Celtic Britons of Rheged and the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Bernicia around c. 580CE. The fighting may have taken place at an unknown ford near Alt Clut, the original name for Dumbarton Rock, which may also be used for the entire ancient Kingdom of Strathclyde. The battle is recorded in two poems in the Book of Taliesin.

Dumbarton Castle
Dumbarton Castle (Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatainn, pronounced [t̪unˈpɾʲɛʰt̪ɪɲ]; Welsh: Alt Clut) has the longest recorded history of any stronghold in Scotland. It sits on a volcanic plug of basalt known as Dumbarton Rock which is 240 feet (73 m) high and overlooks the Scottish town of Dumbarton.
North Bengal division
North Bengal is a geographical region consisting of eight districts in the northern part of West Bengal. To the north of this region are Sikkim and Bhutan; to the east are Assam and the Rangpur and Rajshahi divisions of Bangladesh; to the south is the Murshidabad district of West Bengal; and to the west are Bihar and Nepal. The Ganges River separates North Bengal from South Bengal.

Geographically, this region is made up of the Darjeeling hills and the Dooars plains. Economically, North Bengal is backward compared to South Bengal. However, due to its scenic natural environment, the tourism industry in this region is very well developed. Siliguri is the main city of North Bengal; it is the third most populous city in West Bengal and also the gateway to the entire northeastern region of India.

Murshidabad district
Murshidabad district is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Situated on the left bank of the river Ganges, the district is very fertile. Covering an area of 5,341 km2 (2,062 sq mi) and having a population 7.103 million (according to 2011 census), it is a densely populated district and the ninth most populous in India (out of 640). Berhampore city is the headquarters of the district.

The Murshidabad city, which lends its name to the district, was the seat of power of the Nawabs of Bengal. All of Bengal was once governed from this city. A few years after Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula lost to the British at the Battle of Plassey, the capital of Bengal was moved to the newly founded city of Calcutta, now called Kolkata.
Eosalmo
Eosalmo is an extinct genus of ancient freshwater salmonid with a single described species Eosalmo driftwoodensis.  The genus lived during the Eocene epoch and has been recovered from late Ypresian fossils in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands of the northwestern United States and western Canada. Additional fossils briefly mentioned as Eosalmo were reported from Russia, but they have not received close taxonomic treatment since. E. driftwoodensis is used as a phylogenetic calibration point for studies of the relationships in Salmonidae and Salmoniformes.  Based on preservation of juvenile to adult specimens at some of the sites, the species lived its full lifecycle in freshwater, with no travel from the highlands to the sea as in modern salmon.

Ypresian
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene. It spans the time between 56 and 48.07 Ma, is preceded by the Thanetian Age (part of the Paleocene) and is followed by the Eocene Lutetian Age. The Ypresian is consistent with the Lower Eocene (Early Eocene).
351st Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 351st Infantry Regiment is a United States Army infantry regiment first organized in the National Army for service in World War I as part of the 88th Division in Europe. During the interwar period, it was reconstituted in the Organized Reserve with the 88th Division and later served in the Mediterranean Theater during World War II.  Since then, it has served as a training regiment, training Army Reserve and Army National Guard soldiers for service overseas after the September 11 terrorist attacks.

American Expeditionary Forces
The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the U.S. Army. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in Chaumont, France under the command of then-major general John J. Pershing. It fought alongside French Army, British Army, Canadian Army, British Indian Army, New Zealand Army and Australian Army units against the Imperial German Army. A small number of AEF troops also fought alongside Italian Army units in 1918 against the Austro-Hungarian Army. The AEF helped the French Army on the Western Front during the Aisne Offensive (at the Battle of Château-Thierry and Battle of Belleau Wood) in the summer of 1918, and fought its major actions in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in the latter part of 1918.
Wacław Łukaszewicz
Wacław Łukaszewicz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvat͡swaf wukaˈʂɛvit͡ʂ]; 24 August 1927 – 16 April 2014) was a scout leader of ZHP, scoutmaster, expert of radiocommunication, and promoter of radiocommunication in Polish scouting.

Polish Scouting and Guiding Association
The Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (Polish: Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego, ZHP) is the coeducational Polish Scouting organization recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. It was founded in 1918 and currently is the largest Scouting organization in Poland (142 692 members in 2023). The first ZHP was founded in 1916, the current one is the fourth organization with this name. It is a public benefit organization as defined by Polish law.
A Simple Twist of Fate
A Simple Twist of Fate is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Gillies MacKinnon. The screenplay by Steve Martin is loosely based on the 1861 novel Silas Marner by George Eliot. Martin stars, along with Gabriel Byrne, Catherine O'Hara and Stephen Baldwin.

Stephen Baldwin
Stephen Andrew Baldwin (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor. He has appeared in the films Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Posse (1993), 8 Seconds (1994), Threesome (1994), The Usual Suspects (1995), Bio-Dome (1996) and The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000). Baldwin also starred in the television series The Young Riders (1989–1992) and as himself in the reality shows Celebrity Big Brother 7, in which he placed 9th in the United Kingdom, and The Celebrity Apprentice. In 2004, he directed Livin' It, a Christian-themed skateboarding DVD. He is the youngest of the four Baldwin brothers.
3Girls
3Girls (Burmese: သရဲမ၊ဘီလူးမနှင့်မိန်းမပျို), also known as 3G or Ghost, Giant and Girl, is a 2017 Burmese horror film starring A Linn Yaung, Phway Phway, Ei Chaw Po and Paing Phyo Thu. The film produced by Dawei Movie Production premiered in Myanmar on December 15, 2017.

A Linn Yaung
A Linn Yaung (Burmese: အလင်းရောင်, lit. Light, also spelled ALINNYAUNG and A Lin Yaung; born Wai Yan Myint on 22 April 1992) is a Burmese actor, model and singer. He was nominated for the Best Actor award at the 2018 & 2024 Myanmar Academy Award for his performance in the film The Bride (2018) & "Mi Tin Sein" (2024).
Inda Sillasie River
The Inda Sillasie is a river of northern Ethiopia. It originates at the confluence of May Zegzeg and May Be'ati Rivers  in the mountains of Dogu’a Tembien (1970 metres above sea level), and flows southward to Giba River which empties finally in the Tekezé River. Along its course, it first takes the name Rubaksa River, then Dabba Hadera River, and finally Inda Sillasie River.

Antalo Limestone
The Antalo Limestone, also known as the Antalo Sequence, is a geological formation in Ethiopia. It is between 300 and 800 metres thick and comprises fossiliferous limestones and marls that were deposited in a reef. Marine microfossils have shown an age between 165 and 150 million years.
David Leatherbarrow
David Leatherbarrow is Professor of Architecture and Chair of the Graduate Group in Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania School of Design, Philadelphia, where he has taught since 1984. He received his B.Arch. from the University of Kentucky and holds a Ph.D. in Art from the University of Essex. He has also taught in England, at Cambridge University and the University of Westminster (formerly the Polytechnic of Central London).

He is primarily known for his contributions to the field of architectural phenomenology. Questions of how architecture appears, how architecture is perceived, and how topography shapes architecture often direct his research.

He is influenced by architectural theorists Dalibor Vesely and Joseph Rykwert, who both taught at Essex in the 1970s and also influenced Alberto Pérez-Gómez and numerous other scholars in the field of architectural phenomenology and history.

Mohsen Mostafavi
Mohsen Mostafavi (born 1954 in Isfahan) is an Iranian-American architect and educator. Mostafavi is currently the Alexander and Victoria Wiley Professor of Design at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. From 2008 through 2019, Mostafavi served as the school's dean.
Ihud Bnei HaBrit
Ihud Bnei HaBrit (Hebrew: איחוד בני הברית; Arabic: اتحاد أبناء العهد; English: United Allies) is an Israeli political party that participated in the April 2019 Israeli legislative election. It is mostly an Arab Christian party, with some Jewish and Muslim support.

For the September 2019 Israeli legislative election, the party changed its name to Hatnuah Hanotzrit Haliberalit (Hebrew: התנועה הנוצרית הליברלית; Arabic: الحركة المسيحية الليبرالية; English: Liberal Christian Movement). For the 2021 Israeli legislative election, the party changed its name to "ברית השותפות לאיחוד לאומי" (United Alliance).

April 2019 Israeli legislative election
Early legislative elections were held in Israel on 9 April 2019 to elect the 120 members of the 21st Knesset. Elections had been due in November 2019, but were brought forward following a dispute between members of the current government over a bill on national service for the Haredi population, as well as impending corruption charges against incumbent Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

Netanyahu's Likud tied with Blue and White alliance of Benny Gantz, both winning 35 seats. The balance of power was held by smaller parties, with a majority being right-wing and religious parties that had previously sat in coalition with Likud, which would have allowed Netanyahu to form the next government.

Due to continuation of the disagreements over the national service of the Haredim, a snap election was called and was held on 17 September 2019.
Ténéré
The Ténéré (Tuareg: Tenere, literally: "desert") is a desert region in south central Sahara. It comprises a vast plain of sand stretching from northeastern Niger to western Chad, occupying an area of over 400,000 square kilometres (150,000 sq mi). It is bounded by the Aïr Mountains in the west, the Hoggar Mountains in the north, the Djado Plateau in the northeast, the Tibesti Mountains in the east, and the basin of Lake Chad in the south. The central part of the desert contains the Erg of Bilma, an area of sand dunes. The Neolithic Tenerian culture was centred on the region.

Tuareg languages
Tuareg (English:  /ˈtwɑːrɛɡ/), also known as Tamasheq (English:  /ˈtæməʃɛk/), Tamajaq or Tamahaq (Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵌⴰⵆ), is a group of closely related Berber varieties. They are spoken by the Tuareg Berbers in large parts of Mali, Niger, Algeria, Libya, and Burkina Faso, with a few speakers, the Kinnin, in Chad.
Moving-knife procedure
In the mathematics of social science, and especially game theory, a moving-knife procedure is a type of solution to the fair division problem. "Fair division" is the problem in game theory of dividing a set of resources among several people who have an entitlement to them so that each person receives their due share. The central tenet of fair division is that such a division should be performed by the players themselves, without the need for external arbitration, as only the players themselves really know how they value the goods. The name of the procedure comes from the canonical example of the fair division of a cake using a knife.

Austin moving-knife procedures
The Austin moving-knife procedures are procedures for equitable division of a cake. To each of n partners, they allocate a piece of the cake which this partner values as exactly  of the cake. This is in contrast to proportional division procedures, which give each partner at least  of the cake, but may give more to some of the partners.

When , the division generated by Austin's procedure is an exact division and it is also envy-free. Moreover, it is possible to divide the cake to any number k of pieces which both partners value as exactly 1/k. Hence, it is possible to divide the cake between the partners in any fraction (e.g. give 1/3 to Alice and 2/3 to George).

When , the division is neither exact nor envy-free, since each partner only values his own piece as , but may value other pieces differently.

The main mathematical tool used by Austin's procedure is the intermediate value theorem (IVT).: 66
Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022
The Netherlands was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 with the song "De diepte" performed by S10. The Dutch broadcaster AVROTROS internally selected the Dutch entry for the 2022 contest. S10's appointment as the Dutch representative was announced on 7 December 2021, while the song, "De diepte", was presented to the public during an event on 3 March 2022.

The Netherlands was drawn to compete in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 10 May 2022. Performing during the show in position 8, "De diepte" was announced among the top 10 entries of the first semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 14 May. It was later revealed that the Netherlands placed second out of the 17 participating countries in the semi-final with 221 points. In the final, the Netherlands placed eleventh out of the 25 participating countries, scoring 171 points.

S10 (singer)
Stien den Hollander (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈstin dɛn ˈɦɔlɑndər]; born 8 November 2000), known professionally as S10 (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛsˈtin]), is a Dutch singer, rapper and songwriter. She began her musical career in 2016, and was signed to the Dutch hip hop record label Noah's Ark in 2017. In 2019, she released her debut studio album Snowsniper, which went on to win an Edison Award. Den Hollander represented the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 with the song "De diepte", the first Eurovision entry to be sung in the Dutch language since 2010.
Tudela Cathedral
The Cathedral of Saint Mary of Tudela (Spanish: Catedral de Santa Maria) is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Plaza Vieja in the center of Tudela, autonomous community of Navarre, Spain. The medieval building was originally a collegiate church. It became a cathedral with the creation of the Diocese of Tudela, which existed 1783-1851 and again 1889-1956. It is now a co-cathedral in the Archdiocese of Pamplona and Tudela.

Collegiate church
A collegiate church is a Christian church where the daily office of worship is maintained by a college of canons, a non-monastic or "secular" community of clergy, organised as a self-governing corporate body, headed by a dignitary bearing a title which may vary, such as dean or provost.

In its governance and religious observance, a collegiate church is similar in some respects to a cathedral, but a collegiate church is not the seat of a bishop and has no diocesan responsibilities.

Collegiate churches have often been supported by endowments, including lands, or by tithe income from appropriated benefices.

The  church building commonly provides both distinct spaces for congregational worship and for the choir offices of the canons.
Tate & Lyle Sugar Silo
The Tate & Lyle Sugar Silo is a Grade II* listed building on Regent Road at Huskisson Dock in Kirkdale, north Liverpool, England.

Henry Tate established his Liverpool refinery in 1872, and Tate & Lyle built their huge concrete sugar silo in the 1950s, close to the Liverpool docks with floor space of 85,000 square feet (7,900 m2). A huge conveyor tower was constructed next to it, and this was used to bring sugar up from ships in Huskisson Dock. The sugar was then transported via several other conveyors into the top of the silo.

Once in the silo, an overhead railway system was used to distribute the sugar along the length of the silo. The hopper ran along on a track, depositing the sugar through large grilles positioned between the rails. In 2009 the silo tower was in a state of disrepair and was on the Buildings at Risk Register, although as of 2022 it no longer features there. The silo itself is still used.

Tate & Lyle
Tate & Lyle Public Limited Company is a British-headquartered, global supplier of diverse food and beverage products to food and industrial markets. It was originally a sugar refining business, but from the 1970s, it began to diversify, eventually divesting its sugar business in 2010. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
The Privilege of Power
The Privilege of Power is the seventh studio album by American heavy metal band Riot. It was more experimental than their previous work, being an attempt at a concept album and also including a horn section on some of the tracks.

"Racing with the Devil on a Spanish Highway" is a cover of an Al Di Meola instrumental track from the album Elegant Gypsy (1977). "Killer" is about convicted killer Jeffrey R. MacDonald and features a guest vocal appearance by Joe Lynn Turner (ex-Rainbow, Yngwie Malmsteen).

The album was re-issued in 2003 by Collectables Records with slightly amended artwork and re-issued on 180g vinyl as a 2-LP set with Thundersteel by SPV on February 25, 2013.

Joe Lynn Turner
Joe Lynn Turner (born Joseph Arthur Mark Linquito, August 2, 1951) is an American singer best known for his work with Rainbow, Deep Purple, and Yngwie Malmsteen.

Turner joined Rainbow in the early 1980s, performing on the albums Difficult to Cure (1981), Straight Between the Eyes (1982), and Bent Out of Shape (1983). Following Rainbow's disbandment, Turner collaborated with Yngwie Malmsteen on the studio album Odyssey (1988) and the live album Trial by Fire: Live in Leningrad (1989). In 1989, he became a member of Deep Purple, contributing to the album Slaves and Masters (1990) and toured with the band on a world tour in 1991.  Beyond his collaborations, Turner has released nine solo albums under his own name, beginning with his debut Rescue You (1985), and most recently Belly of the Beast (2022). Additionally, he has released two albums as part of the Hughes Turner Project: HTP (2002) and HTP 2 (2003).
Md Rozai Shafian
Md Rozai bin Shafian (12 March 1954 – 26 February 2024) was a Malaysian politician who served as Speaker of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly in two non-consecutive terms (2004–2008 and 2013–2018). He earlier represented Sungai Tiang in the Kedah State Legislative Assembly from 1999 to 2004. He was a member of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of Barisan Nasional (BN).

Kedah State Legislative Assembly
The Kedah State Legislative Assembly (Malay: Dewan Undangan Negeri Kedah) is the state legislature of the Malaysian state of Kedah. It is a unicameral institution, consisting of a total of 36 lawmakers representing single-member constituencies throughout the state.

Members of the unicameral state legislature are called state assemblymen. The Legislative Assembly building is located at the Wisma Darul Aman in the state capital, Alor Setar.

Out of the 36 seats, 33 are held by the Perikatan Nasional (PN) ruling coalition after the 2023 state election. Thus, the PN coalition  commands a two-thirds supermajority in the assembly. Meanwhile, Pakatan Harapan (PH) that comprises People's Justice Party (PKR) holds just 2 seats, followed by Democratic Action Party (DAP) which retain only single seat.
2025 Nepal snowstorm disaster
The 2025 Nepal snowstorm disaster occurred in Nepal on 1-3 November 2025 and resulted in the deaths of at least 9 people of various nationalities. Injuries and fatalities resulted from severe snowstorms and avalanches on and around the mountains of Panbari, in Gandaki Pradesh and at the base camp of Yalung Ri, Dolakha District in the Himalayan Range.

Dolakha District
Dolakha, often known as Dolkha or Dholkha (Nepal Bhasa:दोलखा जिल्ला)Listenⓘ), a part of Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Charikot as its district headquarters, covers an area of 2,191 km2 (846 sq mi) and had a population of 204,229 in 2001 and 186,557 in 2011. Dolkha postal code begins from 45500 and the main headquarters is in Dolkha. The administrative center of this district consists of 11 post offices. It is a district with a strong religious affiliation. It is popularly known amongst most Nepalese for the temple of Dolakha Bhimeshawor.

The name Dolkha arose from Newar Community. In the classical Nepal Bhasa language "Dol" or "Dwāl" means Thousand, and "Khā" means houses which means "The place that has a thousand houses"..