hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ciaran Hearn
Ciaran Hearn (born December 30, 1985) is a Canadian rugby union player who currently plays for Old Glory DC of Major League Rugby (MLR).

Hearn was part of the Canadian squad at the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand where he featured in two matches and in the second tier squad for the 2015 World Cup Team. He is also a member of the Canadian 7 A-side men's Teams

He made the move to professional rugby when he signed with then Aviva Premiership side London Irish on November 2, 2015. On 10 February 2016 he signed a contract extension which would see him stay at the English club until the end of the 2016-17 season.

In 2020, he signed with expansion team Old Glory DC in Major League Rugby, and re-signed for the 2021 season. At the end of the 2021 season, he announced that he was retiring from rugby.

Major League Rugby
Major League Rugby (MLR) is a professional rugby union competition in the United States. The league comprises 6 teams. While operating outside of the governance and oversight of the national governing body, the league is officially sanctioned by USA Rugby—a member union of Rugby Americas North (RAN)—and is consequently part of World Rugby.

MLR was founded in 2017 and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The league began its first season in 2018 with seven teams. MLR has since expanded, reaching an all-time high of thirteen teams in the 2022 season, including one team in Canada. Twelve teams competed in the 2024 season.

In 2020, Major League Rugby implemented its first collegiate MLR Draft in 2020 and its teams began forming youth academies.
Luma (video)
In video, luma () represents the brightness in an image (the "black-and-white" or achromatic portion of the image). Luma is typically paired with chrominance. Luma represents the achromatic image, while the chroma components represent the color information. Converting R′G′B′ sources (such as the output of a three-CCD camera) into luma and chroma allows for chroma subsampling: because human vision has finer spatial sensitivity to luminance ("black and white") differences than chromatic differences, video systems can store and transmit chromatic information at lower resolution, optimizing perceived detail at a particular bandwidth.

Rec. 709
ITU-R Recommendation 709, usually abbreviated Rec. 709, BT.709, or ITU-R 709, is a standard developed by the Radiocommunication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) for image encoding and signal characteristics of high-definition television (HDTV).  The standard specifies a scheme for digital encoding of colors as triplets of small integers, a widescreen format with 1080 active lines per picture and 1920 square pixels per line (a 16:9 aspect ratio), as well as several details of signal capture, transmission, and display. While directed to HDTV, some of its specifications (such as the color encoding) have also been adopted for other uses.
The New Sound
The New Sound is the debut solo studio album by English musician Geordie Greep, released on 4 October 2024 on Rough Trade Records. The New Sound was produced by Black Midi touring and session member Seth Evans, with co-production from Greep. The album was recorded in London and São Paulo between September 2023 and April 2024. Black Midi, the band Greep had led since 2017, went public with their indefinite hiatus in August 2024. Days after, he announced the release of The New Sound, alongside its lead single "Holy, Holy".

The New Sound encompasses several stylistic influences, from progressive rock and jazz-rock to Brazilian music and Latin rock, while its satirical lyrics focus on themes of masculinity and desperation, taking the perspective of characters Greep wrote. The album received acclaim from music critics, with praise directed at Greep's songwriting.

Latin rock
Latin Rock is a term to describe a subgenre blending traditional sounds and elements of Latin American and Hispanic Caribbean folk with rock music. However, it is widely used in the English-language media to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish or Portuguese vocals. This has led to controversy about the scope of the terminology.

Latin Rock should not be confused with "rock music from Latin America" or Rock en Español. It is also closely related to the Latin alternative scene (which combines Latin elements with alternative rock, pop, electronic music, indie or hip-hop among others) a term often used to refer the same phenomenon.
Battle of Kalyani (1543)
The First Battle of Kalyani was a  confrontation between the Vijayanagara Empire led by the regent Rama Raya and the combined forces of the Sultanates of Ahmadnagar, Golconda, and Bidar. led by Burhan Nizam Shah I, Jamsheed Quli Qutub Shah and Ali Barid Shah I The Vijayanagar army inflicted a defeat on the combined Sultanates forces forcing the three Sultans to flee the battlefield.

Ali Barid Shah I
Ali Barid Shah I was the third ruler of the Barid Shahi dynasty at Bidar. He succeeded his father in 1540, and ruled until his death in 1580. He was considered a man of letters, and invited scholars and craftsmen from all over the Indian subcontinent to his capital. He is also known to have played a key logistical role in the Battle of Talikota.
The Pradeeps of Pittsburgh
The Pradeeps of Pittsburgh is an American comedy television series created by Vijal Patel. It premiered on Amazon Prime Video and Amazon Freevee on October 17, 2024. The series stars Sindhu Vee, Naveen Andrews, Sahana Srinivasan, Arjun Sriram, Ashwin Sakthivel, Nicholas Hamilton, Ethan Suplee and Megan Hilty and is produced by Amazon MGM Studios and Sony Pictures Television. This was also the last series to be released on Amazon Freevee before the service was discontinued in September 2025.

In February 2025, the series was cancelled after one season.

Sindhu Vee
Sindhu Venkatanarayanan (born 19 June 1969) is an Indian-born British comedian and actress who performs under the name Sindhu Vee. She is best known for starring in the 2022 fantasy musical film Matilda the Musical as Mrs. Phelps.
Drug Houses of Australia
Drug Houses of Australia (DHA) was originally established in 1936 as an amalgamation of seven Australian pharmaceutical companies, notably A. M. Bickford & Sons. In 1970, DHA was taken over by the British bank Slater Walker.

Drug Houses of Australia is now a leading generic pharmaceutics and Chinese proprietary medicine (CPM) manufacturer based in Jurong, Singapore.

It was sold to Strides Arcolab through a share purchase agreement with Haw Par Healthcare Limited, Singapore in September 2006 for approximately SGD$19.7 million.

It is currently a part of Strides Arcolab which is listed on both the Indian stock exchanges Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE).

Strides Pharma Science
Strides Pharma Science Limited is an Indian pharmaceutical company, headquartered at Bangalore. The company manufactures pharmaceutical products, over-the-counter drugs and nutraceuticals. Products include softgel capsules, hard-gel capsules, tablets and dry and wet injectables. The company has 15 manufacturing sites in six countries and marketing presence in 50 countries. The company partners with generic companies to supply retail and hospital generics in injectable products and softgels. The company's stock trades on the Bombay Stock Exchange and on the National Stock Exchange of India.

Strides Arcolab changed name to Strides Shasun Ltd after an amalgamation of Shasun Pharmaceuticals with Strides Arcolab. In September 2014, the Board of Directors of both the companies had approved a scheme of amalgamation between the two companies.

Arun Kumar is the founder and chairman, and has been on the board as managing director since its inception.
Valentin Bosioc
Valentin Bosioc (born Valentin George Bosioc on 13 January 1983) is a Romanian professional bodybuilder and fitness model, as well as certified fitness instructor, personal trainer and nutritionist., a holistic fitness expert, certified with Nutritional Coaching Institute L1 & L2, as well as Hormone Specialist NCI. He rose to prominence by winning Musclemania Paris and placing second in an IFBB Romania competition in 2015, among other prizes. In 2018, Bosioc also reached the semi-finals of Ninja Warrior România. He has been credited as an influencer and is the most followed Romanian sportsperson on Facebook. Currently he is one of top Romanian wellness experts, with a premium protocol program for women.

Professional fitness coach
A professional fitness coach is a professional in the field of fitness and exercise, most often instruction (fitness instructor), including professional sports club's fitness trainers and aerobics and yoga instructors and authors of fitness instruction books or manuals.
Union (Cuff the Duke album)
Union is the sixth studio album by Canadian country rock band Cuff the Duke, released October 2, 2012 on Paper Bag Records.

The band considers the album to be the second part of a two-part album, paired with its 2011 album Morning Comes. The tracks "Side by Side" and "Stay" also feature guest vocals by Basia Bulat.

Morning Comes (album)
Morning Comes is the fifth album by Canadian alternative country group Cuff the Duke, released October 4, 2011 on Paper Bag Records. The album was nominated for Adult Alternative Album of the Year at the 2012 Juno Awards.

It was the band's second album to be produced by Greg Keelor of Blue Rodeo.
Sylvester Rivers
Sylvester Rivers (born October 28, 1953) is an American composer, arranger, pianist and producer, based in Los Angeles, California.  A prolific session musician, he has recorded with numerous major artists including Aretha Franklin, Nancy Wilson, Johnny Mathis, Lionel Richie, Diana Ross, Smokey Robinson, The Temptations, Kenny Rogers, Village People, Deniece Williams, Ray Parker Jr., Marc Bolan, Shalamar, New Edition, Billy Preston, The Sylvers, Earl Klugh, Maxine Nightingale, Gloria Gaynor, The 5th Dimension and many others.  He arranged many chart hits including the Number 1 Billboard Hot Soul Single, Candi Staton's, "Young Hearts Run Free."

Johnny Mathis
John Royce Mathis (born September 30, 1935) is an American singer. Starting his career with singles of standard music, Mathis is one of the best-selling recording artists of the 20th century. He became highly popular as an album artist, with several of his albums achieving gold or platinum status and 73 making the Billboard charts.

Mathis has received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and has been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame for three recordings. Although frequently described as a romantic singer, his discography includes traditional pop, Latin American, soul, rhythm and blues, show tunes, Tin Pan Alley, soft rock, blues, country music, and even a few disco songs for his album Mathis Magic in 1979. Mathis has also recorded seven albums of Christmas music. In a 1968 interview, he cited Lena Horne, Nat King Cole, and Bing Crosby among his musical influences.
Sangham (1954 film)
Sangham (transl. Society) is a 1954 Indian Telugu-language romantic comedy film, produced by M. Murugan, M. Saravanan and M. Kumaran of AVM Productions and directed by M. V. Raman. It stars Vyjayanthimala, Anjali Devi, N. T. Rama Rao and S. Balachander, with music composed by R. Sudarsanam.

AVM Productions
AVM Productions is an Indian film production studio founded by A. V. Meiyappa Chettiar. It is the oldest film studio in India. The filming studios are located in Vadapalani, Chennai. It has produced over 300 films in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi cinema. AVM has introduced numerous actors in Southern industries, some of the prominent actors are Superstar Sivaji Ganesan, Rajkumar, S. S. Rajendran, Vyjayanthimala, Kamal Haasan and many more. The AVM Studios besides the shooting floors, has recording, dubbing and a preview theatre. The complex also houses facilities for production and post production processing.
Mahabali (film)
Mahabali is a 1983 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by J. Sasikumar and produced by E. K. Thyagarajan. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayabharathi, Adoor Bhasi and Unnimary in the lead roles. The film has musical score by M. K. Arjunan.

Adoor Bhasi
K. Bhaskaran Nair (1 March 1929 – 29 March 1990), professionally credited by his stage name Adoor Bhasi, was an Indian actor and film director. He was mostly cast as a sidekick to protagonists, particularly Prem Nazir. His comedic roles were widely appreciated in Malayalam films of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Bhasi has also done leading and character roles. He directed three Malayalam films in the late 1970s. Bhasi is also known for his eloquent speeches in fluent English. He has won Kerala State Film Awards, including two Best Actor and one Second Best Actor.
William Macpherson (judge)
Sir William Alan Macpherson of Cluny, 6th of Blairgowrie (1 April 1926 – 14 February 2021) was a judge of the High Court of England and Wales, and the 27th Hereditary Chief of Clan Macpherson. He was a common law barrister who served as the recorder of the Crown Court, a judge at the Queen's Bench, and the presiding judge of the Northern Circuit, before his retirement in 1996. In the late 1990s, Macpherson led the public inquiry into the murder of Stephen Lawrence. His report at the end of the enquiry in 1999 was considered groundbreaking and described as one of the most significant moments in the history of British criminal justice.

He had also served as the commanding officer and later as an honorary colonel of the 21st Special Air Service Regiment of the British Territorial Army, and had been the president of the Highland Society of London and the London Scottish Rugby Football Club.

Highland Society of London
The Highland Society of London is a charity registered in England and Wales, with "the view of establishing and supporting schools in the Highlands and in the Northern parts of Great Britain, for relieving distressed Highlanders at a distance from their native homes, for preserving the antiquities and rescuing from oblivion the valuable remains of Celtic literature, and for promoting the improvement and general welfare of the Northern parts of Great Britain".
Gordon Setter
The Gordon Setter is a Scottish large breed of dog, a member of the setter family that also includes both the better-known Irish Setter and the English Setter. Setter breeds are classified as members of either the Sporting or Gundog Group depending on the national kennel club or council.

The original purpose of the breed was to hunt gamebirds. Their quarry in Scotland, may be partridge or grouse, pheasant, ptarmigan, blackgame, snipe or woodcock: whilst overseas bird dogs are worked on quail, willow grouse, sand grouse, guinea fowl, sagehen, francolin and any other bird that will sit to a dog—that is to say, will attempt to avoid a potential predator by concealment rather than by taking to the wing at the first sign of danger.  It is this combination of a bird that will sit fast in front of a dog that will remain on point that makes bird dog work possible.

Rock ptarmigan
The rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) is a medium-sized game bird in the grouse family. It is known simply as the ptarmigan in Europe. It is the official bird for the Canadian territory of Nunavut, where it is known as the aqiggiq (ᐊᕿᒡᒋᖅ), and the official game bird for the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. In Japan, it is known as the raichō (雷鳥), which means "thunder bird"; it is the official bird of Gifu, Nagano, and Toyama Prefectures and is a protected species nationwide.
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa; German: Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt, French: Laboratoire fédéral d’essai des matériaux et de recherche, Italian: Laboratorio federale di prova dei materiali e di ricerca, Romansh: Institut federal da controlla da material e da perscrutaziun,) is a Swiss research institution for application-oriented materials science and technology. It has three locations – Dübendorf, St. Gallen and Thun. As part of the ETH Domain, it is assigned to the Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER). For more than 100 years since its foundation in 1880, Empa has been a material testing institute. Since the late 1980s, it has increasingly transformed into an interdisciplinary research institute for materials and technologies.

St. Gallen
St. Gallen is a Swiss city and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen. It evolved from the hermitage of Saint Gall, founded in the 7th century. Today, it is a large urban agglomeration (with around 167,000 inhabitants in 2019) and represents the center of eastern Switzerland. Its economy consists mainly of the service sector. The city is home to the University of St. Gallen, one of the best business schools in Europe.

The main tourist attraction is the Abbey of Saint Gall, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Abbey's renowned library contains books from the 9th century. The official language of St. Gallen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of Alemannic Swiss German. The city has good transport links to the rest of the country and to neighbouring Germany and Austria. It also functions as the gate to the Appenzellerland.
Gie
Gie is a 2005 Indonesian biopic film directed by Riri Riza. The film tells the story of Soe Hok Gie, a graduate from University of Indonesia who is known as an activist and nature lover. The film is based on the diary Catatan Seorang Demonstran written by Soe himself. The plot of this film is an interpretation of the filmmakers, and scenes portraying Soe's private life may be partly fictionalised for dramatisation.

The film received 11 nominations at the 2005 Indonesian Film Festival, winning three for "Best Film", "Best Actor" (in a leading role) for Nicholas Saputra, and "Best Cinematography".

Indonesian Film Festival
The Indonesian Film Festival (Indonesian: Festival Film Indonesia, 'FFI') is an annual awards ceremony organised by the Indonesian Film Board and the Ministry of Culture to celebrate cinematic achievements in the Indonesian film industry. During the festival, the Citra Awards winners are announced and the best Indonesian films of the year are presented.

The awards ceremony was first held in 1955 as the Pekan Apresiasi Film Nasional (National Film Appreciation Week). It changed to Festival Film Indonesia in 1973. In 1986, the festival included awards for television movies called Vidia Awards.
Norwegian orthography
Norwegian orthography is the method of writing the Norwegian language, of which there are two written standards: Bokmål and Nynorsk. While Bokmål has for the most part derived its forms from the written Danish language and Danish-Norwegian speech, Nynorsk gets its word forms from Aasen's reconstructed "base dialect", which is intended to represent the distinctive dialectal forms. Both standards use a 29-letter variant of the Latin alphabet and the same orthographic principles.

Nynorsk
Nynorsk (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈnŷːnɔʂk] ⓘ; lit. 'Modern Norwegian'  or 'New Norwegian')  is one of the two official written standards of the Norwegian language, the other being Bokmål. From 12 May 1885, it became the state-sanctioned version of Ivar Aasen's standard Norwegian language (Landsmål), parallel to the Dano-Norwegian written standard known as Riksmål. The name Nynorsk was introduced in 1929. After a series of reforms, it is still the written standard closer to Landsmål, whereas Bokmål is closer to Riksmål and Danish.

Between 10 and 15 percent of Norwegians (primarily in the west around the city of Bergen) have Nynorsk as their official language form, estimated by the number of students attending secondary schools. Nynorsk is also taught as a mandatory subject in both high school and middle school for all Norwegians who do not have it as their own language form.
Vessertal-Thüringen Forest
The Vessertal-Thüringen Forest forms a central part of the much larger Thuringian Forest.

In 1979, the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Thuringian Forest was established here as the first UNESCO biosphere reserve in Germany. The biosphere protection was expanded in 1990, when the Thuringian Forest Nature Park was founded, and again in 2018. It currently covers an area of 337 km2.

Vessertal-Thüringen Forest is crossed by the famous German hiking trail ‘Rennsteig’.

Thuringian Forest Nature Park
Thuringian Forest Nature Park (German: Naturpark Thüringer Wald) is one of two nature parks in the state of Thuringia, Germany.

Founded in 1990, and expanded in 2018, the nature park now covers and area of more than 2,200 km2 (850 sq mi). It extends around the Rennsteig and comprises almost the entire Thuringian Forest and the Thuringian Highlands with Eisenach in northwest and Sonneberg in the south. The nature park protection includes the 337 km2 (130 sq mi)  biosphere reservation, and a number of dams such as Tambach-Dietharz Dam, Schmalwasser Dam, Ohra Dam, Lütsche Dam and the Leibis-Lichte Dam.

The highest mountains in the park are the Großer Beerberg (982 m above sea level (NN)) and the Schneekopf (978 m above sea level (NN)).
Rose and Jasmine Garden
Rose and Jasmine Garden is a public garden located within the recreational area of Shakarparian near Sports Complex Aabpara, on Kashmir Highway in Islamabad, Capital Territory, Pakistan. The garden spans 20,360 square meters and is known for its extensive collection of roses, featuring approximately 250 distinct varieties. In addition to roses, it also hosts about 150 species of jasmine.

Seasonal flower shows are occasionally organized at the garden, especially during the spring.

Shakarparian
Shakarparian (Urdu: شکر پڑیاں; also known as Shakarparian Hills) is a hill and a national park located near the Zero Point Interchange in Islamabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Monument and Pakistan Monument Museum are also located in Shakarparian.

Members of the Gakhar tribe settled here before the Indo-Pak partition in 1947; later, the clan was relocated to create a park for the newly marked federal capital of the country in 1960–61.

Shakarparian also has a parade ground that hosts the Pakistan Day Parade every year on 23 March.
S. Lawrence Zipursky
S. Lawrence Zipursky (born 1955) is an American neuroscientist, currently Distinguished Professor of Biological Chemistry at University of California, Los Angeles and an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Zipursky studies brain development. His research focuses on how neural circuits are formed during development. His laboratory has provided insights into various aspects of circuit assembly, including the molecular basis of neuronal identity through their work on the Dscam1 locus in Drosophila. Zipursky was elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1998 and a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2009. He received the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology and Biochemistry from Columbia University in 2015. Zipursky was a graduate student with Jerard Hurwitz at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and a postdoctoral fellow with Seymour Benzer at the California Institute of Technology .

Jerard Hurwitz
Jerard Hurwitz (November 20, 1928 – January 24, 2019) was an American biochemist who co-discovered RNA polymerase in 1960 along with Sam Weiss, Audrey Stevens, and  James Bonner. He most recently worked at the Sloan-Kettering Institute in New York studying DNA replication in eukaryotes and its control.