hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Polish–Lithuanian Wars (13th–14th centuries)
During the Polish–Lithuanian wars of the 13th and 14th centuries, the neighbouring Lithuanian state (Kingdom and Grand Duchy at different times) and Polish states, especially Duchy of Masovia, frequently clashed.

Sometimes, the armed clashes took the form of plundering expeditions organized by Lithuanian princes (Kunigas) on Polish lands. The aim of these expeditions was not to seize territory, but to seize prisoners and loot. These expeditions sometimes caused retaliatory actions by Polish princes on the territory of Lithuania. These fights, although interrupted by a temporary alliance between Władysław I Łokietek and Gediminas, lasted in practice until the Act of Krėva in 1385

Union of Krewo
In a strict sense, the Union of Krewo or Act of Krėva (also spelled Union of Krevo, Act of Kreva; Polish: unia w Krewie; Lithuanian: Krėvos sutartis) comprised a set of prenuptial promises made at Kreva Castle on 14 August 1385 by Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in regard to  his prospective marriage to the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland.

Though very limited in scope, the "Union of Krewo", in historiography, often refers not only to the particular document but to  events of 1385–1386 as a whole. After the 1385 negotiations, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386.

The union proved a decisive moment in the  histories of Poland and Lithuania; it marked the beginning of four centuries of shared history of the two polities. By 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union had developed into a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which lasted until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.
Savitha Sastry
Savitha Sastry (born 11 August 1969) is an Indian dancer and choreographer best known as an exponent of Bharatanatyam. She is known to experiment with the format of traditional Bharatanatyam by using the techniques of Bharatanatyam to showcase theme-based productions based on novel stories, not based on Indian mythology or religion. Her innovations have been described as 'path breaking' by critics.  and she is considered to be a 'renaissance architect' who 'holds the distinction of being the dancer to have brought out a revolution in the way Bharatanatyam is presented after Rukmini Devi Arundale'.

Rukmini Devi Arundale
Rukmini Devi Arundale (née Sastri; 29 February 1904 – 24 February 1986) was an Indian theosophist, dancer and choreographer of the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam, and an activist for animal welfare.

She was the first woman in Indian history to be nominated as a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India. The most important revivalist of Bharatanatyam from its original 'sadhir' style prevalent amongst the temple dancers, the Devadasis, she also worked for the re-establishment of traditional Indian arts and crafts.

She espoused the cause of Bharatanatyam which was considered a vulgar art form in the early 1920s. Recognising its beauty and value, she not only learned the dance, but also presented it on stage despite strong public protests.

Rukmini Devi features in India Today's list of '100 People Who Shaped India'. She was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1956, and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship in 1967.
Bernard Hawkins
Bernard Hawkins (born May 18, 1963) is an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 53rd district of the Rhode Island House of Representatives.

Born in Greenville, Rhode Island, Hawkins attended Southern Connecticut State University. In 2019, he won the election for the 53rd district of the Rhode Island House of Representatives. Hawkins succeeded Thomas Winfield. He assumed his office on January 1, 2019. Hawkins decided to run for re-election in the 53rd district in 2022.

Rhode Island House of Representatives
41°49′52″N 71°25′02″W﻿ / ﻿41.8310574°N 71.4171443°W﻿ / 41.8310574; -71.4171443

The Rhode Island House of Representatives is the lower house of the Rhode Island General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Rhode Island, the upper house being the Rhode Island Senate. It is composed of 75 members, elected to two-year terms from 75 districts of equal population. The Rhode Island General Assembly does not have term limits. The House meets at the Rhode Island State Capitol in Providence.
Phantasy Star Universe
Phantasy Star Universe (ファンタシースターユニバース, Fantashī Sutā Yunibāsu) (PSU) is an action role-playing video game developed by Sega's Sonic Team for the Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360 platforms. It was released in Japan for the PC and PlayStation 2 on August 31, 2006; the Xbox 360 version was released there on December 14, 2006. Its North American release was in October 2006, in all formats. The European release date was November 24 the same year, while the Australian release date was November 30.

Phantasy Star Universe is similar to the Phantasy Star Online (PSO) games, but takes place in a different time period and location, and has many new features. Like most of the PSO titles, PSU was playable in both a persistent online network mode and a fully featured, single-player story mode.

Phantasy Star Portable 2
Phantasy Star Portable 2 (ファンタシースターポータブル2, Fantashī Sutā Pōtaburu Tsū) is a video game for the PlayStation Portable, produced by Alfa System and published by Sega. It is the sequel to Phantasy Star Portable and was released for the PlayStation Portable in Japan on December 3, 2009. The North American version was released on September 14, 2010 while the Australian version was released on September 16, 2010, followed by the European version the next day.
Numidian language
Numidian /n(j)uːˈmɪdiən/ was a language spoken in ancient Numidia. The script in which it was written, the Libyco-Berber alphabet (from which Tifinagh descended), has been almost fully deciphered and most characters (apart from a few exceptions restricted to specific areas) have known values. Libyco-Berber inscriptions are attested from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD. As most surviving inscriptions are funerary steles with a simple format, only a few words have known meanings. The language can be confidently identified only as belonging to the Afroasiatic family, although it was likely part of the Berber languages, spoken at the start of the breakup of the Proto-Berber language, or possibly a sister branch to the modern Berber languages.

Kabyle language
Kabyle (/kəˈbaɪl/) or Kabylian (/kəˈbɪliən/; native name: Taqbaylit [θɐqβæjlɪθ] ⓘ) is a Berber language spoken by the Kabyle people in the north and northeast of Algeria. It is spoken primarily in Kabylia.

Estimating the number of Berber speakers is very difficult and figures are often contested. A 2004 estimate was that 9.4% of the Algerian population spoke Kabyle. The number of diaspora speakers has been estimated at one million.
Emma Talley
Emma Ruth Talley (born March 23, 1994) is an American retired professional golfer who played on the LPGA Tour. While playing as an amateur at the University of Alabama, she won the 2013 U.S. Women's Amateur by defeating Yueer Cindy Feng in the 36-hole final match, 2 and 1.

U.S. Women's Amateur
The U.S. Women's Amateur, also known as the United States Women's Amateur Golf Championship, is the leading golf tournament in the United States for female amateur golfers. It is played annually and is one of the 13 United States national golf championships organized by the United States Golf Association (USGA). Female amateurs from all nations are eligible to compete and there are no age restrictions. It was established in 1895, one month after the men's U.S. Amateur and U.S. Open.  It is the third oldest USGA championship, over a half century older than the U.S. Women's Open, which was first played in 1946.  Along with the British Ladies Amateur, the U.S. Women's Amateur is considered the highest honor in women's amateur golf.
Raja Syed Ekram Ali
Raja Syed Ekram Ali was the 11th hereditary ruler of the quasi-princely state of Tarakote in Odisha. He is known for the wide social reforms that he had brought in his state. He was a staunch advocate of female education and took concrete steps to promote formal learning for girls. In 1886, he established the very first girls’ school in Jajpur, which at the time was part of the undivided Cuttack district.

Jajpur
Jajpur (also known as Jajapur) (listenⓘ) is  a town and a municipality in Jajpur district in the Indian state of Odisha. It was the capital of the Kesari dynasty, later supplanted by Cuttack. It is the headquarter of Jajpur district.
Nebraska Highway 40
Nebraska Highway 40 is a highway in central Nebraska.  It has a length of 85.73 miles (137.97 km).  It has a western terminus at Nebraska Highway 92 in Arnold and an eastern terminus north of Kearney at an intersection with Nebraska Highway 10.

Kearney, Nebraska
Kearney (/ˈkɑːrni/ KAR-nee) is a city and the county seat of Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 33,790 in the 2020 census, making it the 5th most populous city in Nebraska. It is home to the University of Nebraska at Kearney. The westward push of the railroad as the Civil War ended gave new birth to the community.
1939 Wimbledon Championships
The 1939 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 26 June until Saturday 8 July 1939. It was the 59th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1939. Bobby Riggs and Alice Marble won the singles titles. This was the last edition of the Wimbledon Championships before the outbreak of World War II. The event would not be held again until 1946.

Alice Marble
Alice Irene Marble (September 28, 1913 – December 13, 1990) was an American tennis player who won 18 Grand Slam championships between 1936 and 1940: five in singles, six in women's doubles, and seven in mixed doubles. She was ranked world No. 1 in 1939.
Colorado Baptist General Convention
The Colorado Baptist General Convention (CBGC) is the autonomous state convention for the U.S. state of Colorado that is under the umbrella of the Southern Baptist Convention.  It was formed, in 1955, out of the Arizona Southern Baptist Convention, pursuant to a motion submitted at the Arizona convention by Roy Sutton (at the time a convention staff member who was later to be executive director and treasurer).  At the time, the Arizona convention covered a quarter of the whole United States, by area.

Arizona Southern Baptist Convention
The Arizona Southern Baptist Convention (ASBC) is an autonomous association of Baptist churches in the U.S. state of Arizona. It is one of the state conventions associated with the Southern/Great Commission Baptists.
1976 United States Senate election in Wyoming
The 1976 United States Senate election in Wyoming took place on November 2, 1976. Incumbent Democratic Senator Gale W. McGee ran for re-election to his fourth term, facing a strong challenge from Republican State Senator Malcolm Wallop.  Following a close win in his first race in 1958, McGee won wider victories in 1964 and 1970, even as the state's electorate grew more conservative.

Despite McGee's past victories in the state, he faced considerable headwinds as President Gerald Ford won the state over Jimmy Carter convincingly, even as Ford lost nationwide. In the end, despite McGee's ability to significantly outperform other Democratic candidates, he lost to Wallop, winning just 45% of the vote to Wallop's 55%. Since Wallop took office in 1977, Republicans have held both of Wyoming’s Senate seats, which they had not done since 1954. This is the last time that a Senator from Wyoming lost re-election.

Malcolm Wallop
Malcolm Wallop (February 27, 1933 – September 14, 2011) was an American rancher and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a United States Senator from Wyoming for three terms from 1977 to 1995, after three terms in the Wyoming Legislature.
Dodge Building
The E. P. Dodge Building is a historic building at 19-23 Pleasant Street in Newburyport, Massachusetts.  The Italianate five story brick building was built in 1873 by Elisha P. Dodge, a shoemaker, for use as a factory.  When first built it was only four stories, but when Dodge enlarged the premises in 1880, the mansard section was added on top (in addition to extending the building to the rear as far as Prince Place).  The building remained in use as a shoe factory until the 1930s, and is now used for commercial and light industrial purposes.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and included in the Newburyport Historic District in 1984.

Newburyport Historic District
The Newburyport Historic District encompasses most of the historic downtown area of Newburyport, Massachusetts.  It is roughly bounded by the Merrimack River, Marlboro Street, Ashland Street and High Streets.  Covering some 750 acres (300 ha) of land and more than 2,500 contributing buildings, it includes the most populous part of the city, and a panoply of architectural styles, dating from the 17th century to the early 20th century.  The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
Paduli
Paduli is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania. It is located on a rocky spur between the Calore and Tammaro rivers, about 60 km northeast of Naples and about 9 km northeast of Benevento.

Ariano Irpino
Ariano Irpino (Italian pronunciation: [aˈrjaːno irˈpiːno]), known until 1930 as Ariano di Puglia, and historically and in the local dialect simply as Ariano, is an Italian commune with a population of 20,706 inhabitants located in the Province of Avellino within the Campania region.

Perched atop a highland straddling the Apennines and endowed with an expansive territory at the crossroads of ancient routes, this small town swiftly gained strategic prominence, rising from the Early Middle Ages to become the seat of both the Diocese of Ariano and the County of Ariano.

Chosen by King Roger II of Sicily as the venue for the renowned Assizes of Ariano, celebrated for the artistry of its maiolica, the town proudly bears the title of city within the farthest reaches of the regional hinterland, directly bordering Apulia.
Chen Cuifen
Chen Cuifen (Chinese: 陳粹芬; 23 September 1874 - 21 October 1962)was a longtime romantic partner of Sun Yat-sen, the founder and first president of the Republic of China. She was regarded as a "forgotten revolutionary" and "the first revolution partner" of Sun Yat-sen. Before marrying Soong Ching-ling, Sun Yat-sen had a 20 year-relationship with Chen Cuifen. In the "Sun Family Genealogy", Chen was officially recorded as "Sun Yat-sen's concubine".

Sun Mei
Sun Mei (孫眉 December 6, 1854 – February 11, 1915) was the older brother of Sun Yat-Sen. Sun Mei financed Sun Yat-sen's early education and was an important financial contributor to the 1911 revolution.
Marlon Dingle
Marlon Dingle is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Emmerdale, played by Mark Charnock. He made his first appearance during the episode broadcast on 17 October 1996. Following the departure of Zak Dingle (Steve Halliwell), Marlon currently serves as the second longest-running character featuring in the programme, surpassed only by Eric Pollard (Chris Chittell). In terms of appearances, Marlon serves as the character with the most appearances to date, having appeared in over 3900 episodes. He is also the only one to appear in all 5 direct-to-home-media Emmerdale films. For his portrayal of Marlon, Charnock won the British Soap Award for Outstanding Achievement at the 2023 British Soap Awards.

Steve Halliwell
Stephen Harold Halliwell (19 March 1946 – 15 December 2023) was an English actor, best known for portraying the role of Zak Dingle in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale, which he played from 1994 until his death in 2023.
2022 Baptist Health 200
The 2022 Baptist Health 200 was the 22nd stock car race of the 2022 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, the final race of the Round of 8, and the 26th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, October 22, 2022, in Homestead, Florida at Homestead–Miami Speedway, a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) permanent oval-shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 134 laps to complete. Ty Majeski, driving for ThorSport Racing, would take the lead during the middle of the race, and earned his second career NASCAR Camping World Truck Series win, along with his second of the season. Majeski mainly dominated the race as well, leading 67 laps. To fill out the podium, Zane Smith, driving for Front Row Motorsports, and Stewart Friesen, driving for Halmar Friesen Racing, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

The four drivers to advance into the championship 4 are Ty Majeski, Zane Smith, Chandler Smith, and Ben Rhodes.

Zane Smith
Zane Michael Smith (born June 9, 1999) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 38 Ford Mustang Dark Horse for Front Row Motorsports. He is the 2022 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series champion, a title he earned while driving for FRM.

Smith previously competed full-time in the Craftsman Truck Series for GMS Racing, finishing as the championship runner-up in both 2020 and 2021. Earlier in his career, he also finished second in the 2018 ARCA Racing Series standings while driving for MDM Motorsports. Additionally, he has made part-time appearances in the NASCAR Xfinity Series with JR Motorsports and in Stadium Super Trucks.
Strength is in truth
"Strength is in truth" (Russian: сила в правде, romanized: sila v pravde) is a Russian catchphrase that has been widespread since the beginning of the 21st century. It is derived from the phrase of the character Danila Bagrov in the film Brother 2, released in 2000.

Brother 2
Brother 2 (Russian: Брат 2, romanized: Brat 2) is a 2000 Russian crime film written and directed by Aleksei Balabanov and starring Sergei Bodrov Jr. It is a direct sequel to the 1997 film Brother. The film is set in Moscow and Chicago.

Brother 2 received mostly positive reviews from critics, praising the acting, plot, setting, and soundtrack. The film is considered an integral part of Russian culture and has had a strong influence on the development of Russian cinema.
High Street Historic District (Camden, Maine)
The High Street Historic District encompasses a well-preserved 19th-century residential area of Camden, Maine.  Extending along High Street (United States Route 1), the district has maintained its character since the 1920s, despite encroaching commercialization of nearby areas, and retains a cross-section of architecture of the 19th and early 20th centuries.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, and enlarged in 1999 to include the Olmsted Brothers-designed Harbor Park at Main and Atlantic.

Olmsted Brothers
The Olmsted Brothers company was a landscape architectural firm in the United States, established in 1898 by brothers John Charles Olmsted (1852–1920) and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. (1870–1957), sons of the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.
Anne Ewing
Anne Ewing (November 19, 1930 – April 11, 2011) was an American biologist and activist for women's rights. She is known for her advocacy for women's rights and her role in removing racist and sexist language from primary school readers in California.

Basal reader
Basal readers are textbooks used to teach reading and associated skills to schoolchildren.  Commonly called "reading books" or "readers" they are usually published as anthologies that combine previously published short stories, excerpts of longer narratives, and original works.  A standard basal series comes with individual identical books for students, a Teacher's Edition of the book, and a collection of workbooks, assessments, and activities.
FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League statistics
This article gives the summarized final standings of each FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League tournament, an annual competition involving national men's volleyball teams.

After the tournament's sixth edition and as of 2025, France won two gold (2022, 2024), a silver (2018) and a bronze (2021), Russia has won two golds (2018, 2019) Brazil one gold (2021), Poland two golds (2023, 2025), one silver (2021) and three bronze medals (2019, 2022, 2024). United States has won three silvers (2019, 2022, 2023) and a bronze (2018), while Japan has won a silver (2024) and bronze (2023).

Poland men's national volleyball team
The Poland men's national volleyball team (Polish: Reprezentacja Polski w piłce siatkowej mężczyzn) represents Poland in international volleyball competition. The team is directed by the Polish Volleyball Federation (Polski Związek Piłki Siatkowej, PZPS), the governing body for volleyball in Poland, which represents the country in international competitions and friendly matches.

Poland's greatest achievements to date have been winning gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics, three World Championship titles (1974, 2014 and 2018), two European Championship titles (2009 and 2023), World League (2012) and the Nations League (2023 and 2025).

As of July 2025, Poland is one of the world's strongest teams, ranked first in the FIVB world ranking.
Musa Khan Mosque
The Musa Khan Mosque is a Sunni mosque, located in the southern part of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Built during the Mughal era, in the 18th century, the Mughal style mosque holds significant historical value and is named after Musa Khan the son of one of the most prominent Baro-Bhuyans of medieval Bengal, Isa Khan. The mosque was founded by the grandson of Musa Khan, Diwan Munawar Khan.

The three-domed mosque is currently situated in the University of Dhaka campus, beside Shahidullah Hall and behind the Curzon Hall. The mosque is now under significant threat due to a metro-rail project of the government of Bangladesh and is included in the list of 75 structures that may face serious consequences due to the metro-rail.

Isa Khan
Isa Khan (Middle Bengali: ঈশা খাঁ, 17 April 1536 – 29 August 1599) was one of the 16th-century Baro-Bhuyan chieftains of Bengal. During his reign, he successfully unified the chieftains of Bengal and resisted the Mughal invasion of Bengal. It was only after his death that the region fell totally under Mughal control. He remains an iconic figure throughout Bangladesh as a symbol of his rebellious spirit and unity.
Hanyang railway station
Hanyang railway station, located at Cuiwei Street in Hanyang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China, is a station of Jingguang Railway and Handan Railway. It will be the terminus of Inter-city rail, towards Qianjiang, Tianmen. Hanyang railway station is served by a station of the same name on Line 4 of the Wuhan Metro.

Wuhan Metro
Wuhan Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China. Owned and operated by Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd., the network now includes 12 lines, 312 stations, and 518 kilometres of track length. With 1.35 billion annual passengers in 2023, Wuhan Metro is the sixth-busiest rapid transit system in mainland China. There are a number of lines or sections under construction.

Line 1, the first line in the system, opened on 28 July 2004, making Wuhan the seventh city in mainland China with a rapid transit system, after the cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changchun, and Dalian. Line 2 opened on 28 December 2012 and is the first underground rail line crossing the Yangtze River. The system has since undergone rapid expansion.