hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Samuel J. Pugh
Samuel Johnson Pugh (January 28, 1850 – April 17, 1922) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky.

Born in Greenup County, Kentucky, Pugh moved with his parents to Lewis County in 1852. He attended Chandler's Select School, Rand's Academy, and Centre College, Danville, Kentucky.

He studied law and was admitted to the bar, commencing practice in Vanceburg, Kentucky.

He held the following positions:

City attorney, 1872–1873

Master commissioner of the circuit court, 1874–1880

County attorney, 1878–1886

County judge, 1886–1890

Delegate to the State constitutional convention, 1890–1891

State senator, 1893–1894

Pugh was elected November 6, 1894 as a Republican to the 54th, 55th, and 56th Congresses (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1901).

He resumed the practice of law in Vanceburg, Kentucky and died there April 17, 1922. He was interred in Woodland Cemetery.

Vanceburg, Kentucky
Vanceburg is a home rule-class city in Lewis County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 1,428 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Lewis County.

Vanceburg is part of the Maysville Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Yuh-Line Niou
Yuh-Line Niou (/juliːn nioʊ/; Chinese: 牛毓琳; pinyin: Niú Yùlín; born July 15, 1983) is an American politician who served as a member of the New York State Assembly for the 65th district. The Lower Manhattan district, which is heavily Democratic and over 40% Asian American, includes Chinatown, the Financial District, Battery Park City, and the Lower East Side. Niou is the first Asian American elected to the State Assembly for the district. She was a candidate for Congress in New York's newly redrawn 10th congressional district in 2022.

Ron Kim (politician)
Ronald Tae Sok Kim (born May 2, 1979) is an American politician from New York City. He serves in the New York State Assembly representing the 40th District, which includes portions of Whitestone, Flushing, College Point, and Murray Hill in Queens. First elected in November 2012, Kim became the first Korean American elected in New York State. Speaker Carl Heastie appointed him as Vice-Chair of the Majority Conference of the New York State Assembly in January 2017 and Chair of Committee on Aging in January 2021.
Mark Visentin
Mark Visentin (born August 7, 1992) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He was selected in the first round, 27th overall, by the Phoenix Coyotes in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft.

Visentin represented Canada at the 2011 World Junior Championships, starting four games in the tournament, and during the 2012 World Junior Championships, starting Canada's opening game against Finland.

2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
The 2011 IIHF World U20 Championship, commonly referred to as the 2011 World Junior Hockey Championships (2011 WJHC), was the 35th edition of the Ice Hockey World Junior Championship and was hosted by the United States. The games were played in Western New York, at HSBC Arena in Buffalo and Niagara University's Dwyer Arena in Lewiston. Russia won their 4th gold medal and 13th overall with a 5–3 victory over Canada in the championship game, after completing the biggest comeback in the WJHC history; being down 3–0 after two periods, the Russians scored five goals in the third period to capture their first WJHC gold medal since 2003. The host team, the United States, won the bronze medal with a 4–2 win over Sweden.
Bonshaw, New South Wales
Bonshaw is a village in New South Wales, Australia 783 km north of Sydney. In the 2016 census, the village had a population of 133 people in the district. It is located near the northern border of the State close to Texas, Queensland, from which it is separated by the Dumaresq River which forms the border between the states.  Bonshaw is located in Inverell Shire and Arrawatta County. It is on the Bruxner Highway between Tenterfield and Goondiwindi.  It is a village designed to serve the needs of the agricultural holdings in the area.

Bonshaw Post Office opened on 1 October 1866 and closed around 1994.

Tenterfield, New South Wales
Tenterfield is a regional town in New South Wales, Australia, situated at the junction of the New England and Bruxner highways, along the Northern Tablelands, within the New England region.  At the 2016 census, Tenterfield had a population of 4,066. Tenterfield's proximity to many regional centres and its position on the route between Sydney and Brisbane led to its development as a centre for the promotion of the federation of Australia.
ARA Santa Fe
Several ships of the Argentine Navy have been named ARA Santa Fe after the Santa Fe Province of Argentina:

ARA Santa Fe (1896), British-built (Yarrow Shipbuilders, London) Corrientes-class torpedo boat destroyer, one of four vessels based on the Havock-class destroyer, but sunk and lost off Uruguay 1897.

ARA Santa Fe (1911) a San Luis-class destroyer launched in 1911 but sold to Greece before acceptance in 1912.

ARA Santa Fe (S-1), a Santa Fe-class submarine built in Italy and commissioned in 1933, which served until 1956 when it was scrapped.

ARA Santa Fe (S-11), the former USS Macabi, a submarine was acquired in 1960 and scrapped in 1974.

ARA Santa Fe (S-21), formerly USS Catfish, a submarine commissioned in 1971 and served until 1982 when she was captured by the British during the Falklands War and scuttled in 1985.

ARA Santa Fe (S-43), was a TR-1700-class submarine that was never completed due to the Argentine economic crisis of the 1980s.

USS Macabi
USS Macabi (SS-375) was a Balao-class submarine of the United States Navy, named for the macabi, a bonefish (Albula vulpes) living in tropical seas and off the American coasts as far north as San Diego and Long Island and reaching a length of 3 feet (1 m).
Calcedonio Di Pisa
Calcedonio Di Pisa (Italian pronunciation: [kaltʃeˈdɔːnjo di ˈpiːsa, - ˈpiːza]; 11 October 1931 – 26 December 1962), also known as Doruccio, was a member of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the boss of the Mafia family in the Noce neighbourhood in Palermo and sat on the first Sicilian Mafia Commission, the coordinating body of Cosa Nostra in Sicily. Di Pisa's murder in 1962 triggered the outbreak of the First Mafia War.

Tommaso Buscetta
Tommaso Buscetta (Italian pronunciation: [tomˈmaːzo buʃˈʃetta]; 13 July 1928 – 2 April 2000) was a high-ranking Italian mobster and a member of the Sicilian Mafia. He became one of the first of its members to turn informant and explain the inner workings of the organization.

Buscetta participated in criminal activity in Italy, the United States and Brazil before being arrested and extradited from Brazil to Italy. He became disillusioned with the Mafia after the murders of several of his family members, and in 1984, decided to cooperate with the authorities. He provided important testimony at the 1986/87 Maxi Trial, the largest anti-Mafia trial in history. After the murder of the judges Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, Buscetta gave further testimony to the Antimafia Commission linking Italian politicians to the Mafia. Buscetta entered the Witness Protection Program in the United States, where he remained until his death in 2000.
Melaeneae
Melaeneae or Melaineai (Ancient Greek: Μελαινεαί), or Melaenae or Melainai (Μελαιναί), was an ancient town in the Greek region of Arcadia. Pausanias mentions that it laid on the road from Heraea to Megalopolis, 40 stadia from Buphagium. He further says that it was founded by Melaeneus, the son of Lycaon, but that it was deserted in his time and overflowed with water. However, it still features on the Tabula Peutingeriana.

The site cannot be located with certainty to this day, but it is probably close to modern-day Kephalovrisi. To the south of the village of Kokora exist ruins of ancient buildings; 19th century explorers also described the remains of a thermal bath complex to the south of the nearby village of Kakoureika which was covered in water.

Extensive archaeological research has not taken place, but an ancient quarry and Doric architectural elements have been found.

Buphagium
Buphagium or Bouphagion (Ancient Greek: Βουφάγιον) was an ancient town in the Greek region of Arcadia, in the district Cynuria, situated near the sources of the river Buphagus (Βουφάγος), a tributary of the Alpheius, which formed the boundary between the territories of Heraea and Megalopolis.

Its site is located near the modern Kryo Nero. Buphagium lies to the north of the Alpheios river valley. As the terrain slopes steeply down to the river, access to the city is only possible from the north. In the centre of the walled city area is the acropolis with a separate fortress wall. The capitals and other architectural elements used in the chapel there indicate that the Acropolis contained an opulent building in ancient times.
Refusal of work
Refusal of work is behavior in which a person refuses regular employment.

With or without a political or philosophical program, it has been practiced by various subcultures and individuals. It is frequently engaged in by those who critique the concept of work, and it has a long history. Radical political positions have openly advocated refusal of work. From within Marxism it has been advocated by Paul Lafargue and the Italian workerist/autonomists (e.g. Antonio Negri, Mario Tronti), the French ultra-left (e.g. Échanges et Mouvement); and within anarchism (especially Bob Black and the post-left anarchy tendency).

Vagrancy
Vagrancy is the condition of wandering homelessness without regular employment or income. Vagrants usually live in poverty and support themselves by travelling while engaging in begging,  scavenging, or petty theft. In Western countries, vagrancy was historically a crime punishable with forced labor, military service, imprisonment, or confinement to dedicated labor houses.

Both vagrant and vagabond ultimately derive from the Latin word  vagari, meaning "to wander". The term vagabond and its archaic equivalent vagabone come from Latin vagabundus ("strolling about"). In Middle English, vagabond originally denoted a person without a home or employment.
London 03.06.17
London 03.06.17 (alternatively titled London 03.06.17 [field day]) is an extended play (EP) by English electronic musician Richard D. James, released under the pseudonym AFX on 3 June 2017 through Warp. The EP contained eleven songs and was made available for sale in limited numbers at the Field Day 2017 music festival. The record sold out soon after its announcement. On 20 July 2017, the EP was re-released with ten extra tracks on James' Bleep store.

Bleep (store)
Bleep is an online independent record shop that mainly showcases music from independent artists and labels. Created by Warp Records and launched in January 2004, Bleep offers single tracks and whole albums as both digital and physical purchases, the latter including vinyl records, compact cassettes and CDs. All music they sell is free of digital rights management (DRM) technologies. They also sell DVDs, clothing, and other merchandise from a variety of labels and designers.

Since its launch, the range of music offered by Bleep has grown and now provides music from independent labels, including Rough Trade, Domino, 4AD, One Little Independent Records, XL Recordings, Ninja Tune, Stones Throw, Hyperdub, Planet Mu, Big Dada, and Tempa. Throughout the years Bleep has also developed a curatorial side in addition to its retail one via the monthly NTS shows, podcast and mix series, weekly roundups of recommended new music featuring the Album Of The Week, stage presence at festivals and more.
Chien-Shiung Wu
Chien-Shiung Wu (Chinese: 吳健雄; pinyin: Wú Jiànxióng; Wade–Giles: Wu2 Chien4-Hsiung2; May 31, 1912 – February 16, 1997) was a Chinese-American particle and experimental physicist who made significant contributions in the fields of nuclear and particle physics. Wu worked on the Manhattan Project, where she helped develop the process for separating uranium into uranium-235 and uranium-238 isotopes by gaseous diffusion. She is best known for conducting the Wu experiment, which proved that parity is not conserved. This discovery resulted in her colleagues Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen-Ning Yang winning the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics, while Wu herself was awarded the inaugural Wolf Prize in Physics in 1978. Her expertise in experimental physics evoked comparisons to Marie Curie. Her nicknames include the "First Lady of Physics", the "Chinese Marie Curie" and the "Queen of Nuclear Research".

Experimental physics
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and observations, such as experiments by Galileo Galilei, to more complicated ones, such as the Large Hadron Collider.
Wood Island (New Brunswick)
Wood Island (also called Inner Wood Island) is an island located in the Grand Manan archipelago, in the Bay of Fundy of New Brunswick, Canada. It is distinct from its eastern neighbour Little Wood, or Outer Wood Island. Once home to hundreds of fishing families, it has been abandoned since the 1950s.

At its heyday in the 1950s, it housed a one-room schoolhouse, and a post office since at least 1926. The schoolhouse still stands, converted with solar panels and propane to a private summer cottage. The Reformed Baptist church was the only building with electricity, boasting its own generator.

Grand Manan
Grand Manan is an island in the Bay of Fundy, within Charlotte County, New Brunswick, Canada. It is 15km from the American town of Lubec, Maine and 32km from the Canadian town of Blacks Harbour, New Brunswick.

Grand Manan is also the name for the village that incorporates the main island and several nearby smaller islands. White Head Island and Machias Seal Island are within Grand Manan Parish but are not part of the village.
Hev Abi
Gabriel Abilla (born January 31, 2002), known professionally as Hev Abi, is a Filipino rapper from Quezon City. He gained popularity in 2023 with a string of successful singles, starting with the viral "WELCOME2DTQ". He also helped start the independent record label, Downtown Q Entertainment. In October, Hev Abi released his debut album Kung Alam Mo Lang. He appeared on three consecutive number one songs on Billboard’s Philippines Songs charts, including "Alam Mo Ba Girl" and "Babaero". Hev Abi's breakthrough is part of a wider peak in Filipino hip-hop's popularity caused by mainstream attention and streaming services.

Billboard Philippines
Billboard Philippines (also shortened as Billboard PH) is a Philippine music and entertainment media brand and magazine owned by Modern Media Group, serving as the local edition of the Billboard magazine. It publishes news, video, opinion, reviews, events, and styles related to the music industry. It is also known for the Billboard Philippines Hot 100, a record chart that tracks the most popular songs in different genres. It also hosts events and releases magazine issues bimonthly.

It was first launched in September 2016 and operated under Algo-Rhythm Communications until 2018 when it ceased operations for undisclosed reasons. In 2023, it was announced that the magazine would be relaunched under a different owner, Modern Media Group. It officially made its return on October 15, 2023.
Garment of Shadows
Garment of Shadows is a 2012 mystery novel by the American author Laurie R. King. The 12th in the Mary Russell series, the story features married detectives Mary Russell and Sherlock Holmes. The events of the novel follow those of Pirate King with their old friends, Ali and Mahmoud Hazr (O Jerusalem and Justice Hall).

At the end of 1924, Mary Russell has just finished work with Fflytte Films in Morocco but she is not where she should be when her husband, Sherlock Holmes, goes to meet her in Fez. In fact, when she awakens in a strange room she does not know where or who she is, having taken a great blow to the head.

Justice Hall (novel)
Justice Hall is the sixth book in the Mary Russell series by Laurie R. King.

In this installment, Mary Russell has accepted her tumultuous relationship with her now-husband, Sherlock Holmes and is looking forward to some time alone.  However, fate intervenes, and they reunite with their old friends, Ali Hazr and his brother, Mahmoud, now released from their disguise and known as Alistair and Marsh (characters from the previous book O Jerusalem). King blends the original Holmesian myth and a complex modern plot to create another delightful mystery "as intelligent as it is engagingly devious."

For an excerpt of the first chapter, go to Laurie R. King's website.
Cold Spring Harbor (album)
Cold Spring Harbor is the debut studio album by American recording artist Billy Joel, released on November 1, 1971, by Family Productions. The album sold poorly, receiving attention mainly after 1973's Piano Man and later albums became popular. Due to a mastering error, the original LP release ran at a faster speed than originally recorded. In 1983, producer Artie Ripp oversaw a remixed, edited and speed-corrected version of the album. This revised edition was issued by Columbia Records.

Piano Man (Billy Joel album)
Piano Man is the second studio album by American recording artist Billy Joel, released on November 14, 1973, by Columbia Records. The album emerged from legal difficulties with Joel's former label, Family Productions, and ultimately became his breakthrough album.

The title track, a fictionalized retelling of Joel's experiences with people he met as a lounge singer in Los Angeles, peaked at No. 25 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 4 on the Adult Contemporary singles chart. "Travelin' Prayer" and "Worse Comes to Worst" peaked at No. 77 and 80 on the Hot 100, respectively, while the album itself peaked at No. 27 on the US Billboard 200. The album was certified gold by the RIAA in 1975, but Joel received only $8,000 in royalties (US$46,748 in 2024 dollars).
Philip Carr (linguist)
Philip Carr (25 September 1953 – 30 March 2020) was a British linguist and Emeritus Professor in the English Department of the University of Montpellier. He is best known for his works on  phonology and philosophy of linguistics.

University of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier (French: Université de Montpellier; Occitan: Universitat de Montpelhièr) is a public research university located in Montpellier, in south-east of France. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world.

The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1, the University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, remaining a separate entity.
Crystal C. Watkins Johansson
Crystal C. Watkins Johansson is an American neuroscientist and psychiatrist and associate professor of neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine as well as the director of the Sheppard Pratt Memory Clinic in Neuropsychiatry in Baltimore, Maryland. Johansson was the first Black female Meyerhoff Scholar to obtain an MD/PhD from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. During her MD/PhD she developed a novel treatment for gastrointestinal in patients with diabetes that led to a patent for a pharmacological compound in 2000. Johansson is a practicing neuropsychiatrist with a focus on geriatric psychiatry and she conducts brain imaging research as well as research on cancer in African American women.

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Established in 1893 following the construction of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Hopkins became a model for modern medical education. The school is recognized as a major center of biomedical research and is consistently ranked as one of the top medical schools in the United States.

The School of Medicine is located in Baltimore, where it shares a campus in East Baltimore with the School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, the school's primary teaching hospital. As part of the larger Johns Hopkins Medicine health system, the school is also affiliated with numerous regional hospitals and medical centers including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Suburban Hospital in Montgomery County, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C.
Hello Pop!
Hello Pop! is the third of five short films starring Ted Healy and His Stooges released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on September 16, 1933. A musical-comedy film, the film also featured the Albertina Rasch Dancers and Bonnie Bonnell (Healy's girlfriend at the time). The film was considered lost until a 35mm nitrate print was discovered in Australia in January 2013. Stooges Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard were billed as "Howard, Fine and Howard."

Larry Fine
Larry Fine (born Louis Feinberg; October 4, 1902 – January 24, 1975) was an American actor, comedian and musician. He is best known as a member of the comedy act the Three Stooges and was often called "The Middle Stooge".
Here to Stay (The Slickee Boys album)
Here to Stay compiles all five Slickee Boys 7"s from 1976–1981 (plus one previously unreleased song—"Kids"). It was released by the German label Line Records with a catalog number of LLP 5170.
It includes cover versions of songs originally recorded by Perry Como (by way of the Downliners Sect), the Rokes (and the Grass Roots—the Slickees combined the two versions), Vince Taylor, the Yardbirds, the Hangmen, The Chocolate Watch Band, as well as the theme from the film Exodus. According to the liner notes for Mersey, Mersey Me, Talking Heads had dropped the song "Girls Want to Be With the Girls" from their repertoire but re-visited it after hearing the Slickees' version, which beat the Talking Heads version to vinyl by months.

Some of these songs were later re-recorded for their 1985 album, Uh Oh… No Breaks! (including "Kids", re-titled "When We Were Kids").

The Grass Roots
The Grass Roots are an American rock band that charted frequently between 1965 and 1975. The band was originally the creation of Lou Adler and songwriting duo P. F. Sloan and Steve Barri. In their career, they achieved two gold albums and two gold singles, and charted singles on the Billboard Hot 100 a total of 21 times. Among their charting singles, they achieved Top 10 three times, Top 20 six times and Top 40 14 times. They have sold over 20 million records worldwide.

Until his death in 2011, early member Rob Grill and a newer lineup of the Grass Roots continued to play many live performances each year. After his death, the group featured no original band members, with a lineup personally chosen by Grill carrying on the legacy of the group with nationwide live performances.