hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muhamed Mehmedbašić
Muhamed Mehmedbašić (Serbian Cyrillic: Мухамед Мехмедбашић; 1887 – 29 May 1943) was a Serb revolutionary and the main planner in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which led to a sequence of events that resulted in the outbreak of World War I.

Vojislav Tankosić
Vojislav Tankosić (Serbian Cyrillic: Војислав Танкосић, 20 September 1880 – 2 November 1915) was a Serbian military officer, vojvoda of the Serbian Chetnik Organization, major of the Serbian Army, and member of the Black Hand, who participated in the May Coup and was accused of involvement in the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Sushi (album)
Sushi (stylized as SUSHi) is a studio album by the American electronic musician James Ferraro, released on November 7, 2012, by the independent record label Hippos in Tanks. The electronica dance-pop record has a much more mainstream sound than Ferraro's past albums, continuing some of the trap, R&B and hip-hop underpinnings that were a part of Ferraro's two mixtapes Inhale C-4 $$$$$ (2012) and Silica Gel (2012), released under his Bebetune$ and Bodyguard monikers, respectively. Sushi garnered mixed to positive reviews upon its release, a common criticism being its lack of depth or indication of a main concept.

Hippos in Tanks
Hippos in Tanks was a record label founded in 2010 by Barron Machat and Travis Woolsey.  The label specialized in electronic music. It was named the best label of 2011 by Fact. Following the death of Machat in 2015, The Fader praised the label for "laying the groundwork to an alternative template for the avant-garde" into the 21st century during the post-internet era. The label is no longer active.
Susan Mnumzana
Susan Kelisaletse Mnumzana is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly and Free State Provincial Legislature. She also served in the Free State Executive Council between 2005 and 2008 under Premier Beatrice Marshoff.

Beatrice Marshoff
Frances Beatrice Marshoff (17 September 1957 – 15 April 2023) was a South African politician who served as Premier of the Free State from 2004 to 2009. She succeeded Winkie Direko to the position on 22 April 2004,  and was replaced by Ace Magashule on 6 May 2009.

Beatrice Marshoff was also a registered nurse and also served as a Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Social Development in the Free State (June 2001 – 21 April 2004). Before that, she was a member of Parliament for the African National Congress (1994–1999).

Marshoff died on 15 April 2023, at the age of 65.
Outline of Edinburgh
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Edinburgh:

Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. It is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh had a population of
506,520 in 2020, making it the second-most-populous city in Scotland and the seventh-most-populous in the United Kingdom. The wider metropolitan area had a population of 912,490 in the same year.

Pentland Hills
The Pentland Hills are a range of hills southwest of Edinburgh, Scotland. The range is around 20 miles (30 kilometres) in length, covers an area of 35 square miles (91 km2), and runs southwest from Edinburgh towards Biggar and the upper Clydesdale. The hills have been designated as a Scottish regional park.
Laurie Canter
Laurence Richard Canter (born 3 November 1989) is an English professional golfer who has been ranked inside the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking. He has been a member of the European Tour, and also played on LIV Golf, the Asian Tour, and several lower level tours. He is a former amateur champion in both South Africa and Spain.

Official World Golf Ranking
The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of professional golfers. It was started in 1986. The rankings are based on a player's position in individual tournaments (i.e. not pairs or team events) over a "rolling" two-year period. New rankings are calculated each week. During 2018, nearly 400 tournaments on 20 tours were covered by the ranking system. All players competing in these tournaments are included in the rankings. In 2026, 25 tours factored into the world rankings. As well as being of general interest, the rankings have an additional importance, in that they are used as one of the qualifying criteria for entry into a number of leading tournaments.

The chair of the OWGR is former world number twelve and 2008 Masters Tournament champion Trevor Immelman.
Ammonium phosphate (compound)
Ammonium phosphate refers to three different chemical compounds, all of which are formed by the reaction of ammonia with phosphoric acid and have the general formula [NH4]x[H3−xPO4], where 1 ≤ x ≤ 3:

Ammonium dihydrogenphosphate, [NH4][H2PO4]

Diammonium phosphate, [NH4]2[HPO4]

Ammonium phosphate, [NH4]3[PO4]

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), also known as monoammonium phosphate (MAP) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (NH4)(H2PO4). ADP is a major ingredient of agricultural fertilizers and dry chemical fire extinguishers. It also has significant uses in optics and electronics.
Tucson Cutoff
The Tucson Cutoff was a significant change in the route of the Southern Emigrant Trail. It became generally known after a party of Forty-Niners led by Colonel John Coffee Hays followed a route suggested to him by a Mexican Army officer as a shorter route than Cooke's Wagon Road which passed farther south to cross the mountains to the San Pedro River at Guadalupe Pass.

Cooke's Wagon Road
Cooke's Wagon Road or Cooke's Road was the first wagon road between the Rio Grande and the Colorado River to San Diego, through the Mexican provinces of Nuevo México, Chihuahua, Sonora and Alta California, established by Philip St. George Cooke and the Mormon Battalion, from October 19, 1846 to January 29, 1847 during the Mexican–American War. It became the first of the wagon routes between New Mexico and California that with subsequent modifications before and during the California Gold Rush eventually became known as the Southern Trail or Southern Emigrant Trail.
Kyprios (horse)
Kyprios (foaled 18 May 2018) is a retired Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. He was lightly raced in his early career, winning one race from two starts in each of his first two seasons. As a four-year-old in 2022 he emerged as a top-class stayer, winning the Vintage Crop Stakes and Saval Beg Stakes in Ireland before taking the Ascot Gold Cup, Goodwood Cup, Irish St. Leger and Prix du Cadran. He missed most of the 2023 season due to injury but won all his seven starts in 2024, including the Ascot Gold Cup, Goodwood Cup, Irish St. Leger and Prix du Cadran. After winning his two starts in April and May 2025, he was retired due to a recurrence of his old injury. He had won 17 of his 20 starts, including eight Group 1 races. He was ridden in all but two of his races by Ryan Moore. In 2022 and 2024 he was crowned European top stayer of the year at the Cartier Racing Awards.

Irish St. Leger
The Irish St Leger is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 1 mile and 6 furlongs (2,816 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September.

It is Ireland's equivalent of the St Leger Stakes, a famous race in England (although unlike the English race, it is open to both horses above age three and geldings).
Protection of the Islamic Revolution of the Palestinian People Act
The Protection of the Islamic Revolution of the Palestinian People Act is a plan that was passed on May 9, 1990 by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Parliament of the Islamic Republic of Iran). The Act refers to the illegal occupation of Palestinian territories by the Zionist regime and the need to support the Palestinian people in restoring their legal rights.

Guardian Council
The Guardian Council (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, Persian: شورای نگهبان, romanized: Shourā-ye Negahbān) is a 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Per the Constitution of Iran, the council has three mandates, namely having a veto power over legislation passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly, supervising elections, and approving or disqualifying candidates seeking to run in local, parliamentary, presidential, or Assembly of Experts elections.

The Council is composed of Islamic clerics and lawyers. Membership is for phased six-year terms: half the membership changes every three years. The Supreme Leader of Iran directly appoints the six clerics, and may dismiss them at will. The Chief Justice of Iran nominates six lawyers for confirmation by the Islamic Consultative Assembly.
Pelican and British Empire Life Insurance Company
Pelican and British Empire Life Insurance Company was a British life insurance company that operated between 1797 and 1984.

It was established in 1797 by Phoenix Assurance as the Pelican Life Office, later the Pelican Life Assurance Company, before merging with British Empire Mutual Life Assurance in 1903 to become the Pelican and British Empire Life Insurance Company. It operated until 1984 when it was acquired by Sun Alliance & London.

Sun Alliance (company)
Sun Alliance Group plc was a large insurance business with its main offices in the City of London and later Horsham. In 1996 Sun Alliance  merged with Royal Insurance to form the Royal & Sun Alliance Insurance Group.
Neuenegg railway station
Neuenegg railway station (German: Bahnhof Neuenegg) is a railway station in the municipality of Neuenegg, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is located on the standard gauge Flamatt–Laupen line of the Sensetalbahn.

Flamatt–Laupen–Gümmenen railway line
The Flamatt–Laupen–Gümmenen railway line is a line in Switzerland that was built and formerly operated by the Sense Valley Railway (German: Sensetalbahn, STB). The 11.5 km-long standard-gauge line on the Flamatt–Laupen–Gümmenen route through the Sense valley was opened on 20 January 1904. The shares of the company were acquired by the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) and Swiss Post (34 %) in 2001. Since then, the infrastructure of the Sense Valley Railway has been operated by the SBB under contract.
Paralomis dawsoni
Paralomis dawsoni is a species of king crab that lives in New Caledonia, northern New Zealand, and the Solomon Islands at depths of 400–1,118 m (1,312–3,668 ft). Alongside P. zealandica, it is one of the two most common species of Paralomis in New Zealand. As of 2023, the Department of Conservation in New Zealand classifies P. dawsoni as "Naturally Uncommon".

Paralomis zealandica
Paralomis zealandica, also known as the prickly king crab, is a species of king crab. It is the most widespread species of Paralomis in New Zealand, where it is endemic and known at depths between 254–1,212 m (833–3,976 ft).
Pisit Poodchalat
Pisit Poodchalat (Thai: พิสิษฐ์ พูดฉลาด; born 20 February 1992) is a Thai badminton player. He was the boys' singles gold medalist at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore. Poodchalat claimed the men's singles title at the 2012 National Championships beating Sitthikom Thammasin in straight games with the score 21–19, 21–15. He also competed at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia, winning a bronze medal in the mixed team event.

Sitthikom Thammasin
Sitthikom Thammasin (Thai: สิทธิคมน์ ธรรมศิลป์; born 7 April 1995) is a Thai badminton player. He won the men's singles title at the 2012 Singapore International Series when he was 17. Thammasin was part of the Thailand national team that clinched the bronze medal at the 2019 Sudirman Cup. His best achievement in the individual event was becoming the champion at the BWF World Tour Super 300 2019 Macau Open.
Barry Stokes (actor)
Barry Stokes (born 1948) is a British actor.

His film credits include: Juan Antonio Bardem's The Corruption of Chris Miller, The Ups and Downs of a Handyman, Prey, Outer Touch, Hawk the Slayer, Rendezvous in Paris and Enemy Mine.

His television appearances include: Tom Brown's Schooldays (as Brooke), Dixon of Dock Green, Z-Cars, UFO, Space: 1999, Survivors, The Professionals and Reilly, Ace of Spies.

Hawk the Slayer
Hawk the Slayer is a 1980 sword and sorcery adventure film directed by Terry Marcel and starring John Terry and Jack Palance. It follows Hawk and Voltan, two warring brothers. Hawk, wielding a magical sword, assembles a small force of fighters to rid the land of Voltan. The film was received negatively upon its initial release, but has since developed a cult following. Sequels were planned, but never produced.
Calvert Social Index
The Calvert Social Index is a stock market index created by Calvert Investments as a benchmark of large companies that are considered socially responsible or ethical. It currently consists of 680 companies, weighted by market capitalization, selected from approximately 1,000 of the largest publicly traded companies in the United States using Calvert's social criteria. These criteria relate to the environment, workplace issues, product safety, community relations, weapons contracting, international operations, and human rights.

This index was created following the success of the Domini 400 Social Index by KLD Research & Analytics, Inc. The Calvert index is used by so-called socially responsible or ESG mutual funds as a benchmark for their performance.

Social responsibility
Social responsibility  is an ethical concept in which a person works and cooperates with other people and organizations for the benefit of the community.

An organization can demonstrate social responsibility in several ways, for instance, by donating, encouraging volunteerism, using ethical hiring procedures, and making changes that benefit the environment.

Social responsibility is an individual responsibility that involves a balance between the economy and the ecosystem one lives within, and possible trade-offs between economic development, and the welfare of society and the environment. Social responsibility pertains not only to business organizations but also to everyone whose actions impact the environment.
National road 3 (Poland)
National road 3 (Polish: Droga krajowa nr 3) was a route in the Polish national road network. The highway connected the northwestern and southwestern regions of Poland, running from Świnoujście at the German border to Jakuszyce at the Czech border, traversing through the West Pomeranian, Lubusz and Lower Silesian voivodeships. National Road 3 was a component of European highway E65.

National road 3 has been upgraded to the express road S3, with the older highway mostly being classified as a gmina road, running parallel to or near the completed sections of the modern expressway.

In 2024, the National Road 3 has been fully replaced with the express road S3 (Świnoujście - Lubawka) and National road 5 (Poland) (Bolków) - Jakuszyce. However, the roads are still classified as the European Highway E65.

Expressway S3 (Poland)
Expressway S3 or express road S3 (in Polish droga ekspresowa S3) is a Polish highway, which runs from Świnoujście on the Baltic Sea through Szczecin, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Zielona Góra and Legnica, to the border with the Czech Republic, where it will connect to the planned D11 motorway.

The road was constructed from 2008 until 2025. Its total length is 470.6 km (292.4 mi), but the last 3 km near the border remain closed to traffic until the connecting stretch of the D11 motorway is constructed in Czech Republic. This stretch is expected to be opened in late 2026.
Kullback's inequality
In information theory and statistics, Kullback's inequality is a lower bound on the Kullback–Leibler divergence expressed in terms of the large deviations rate function.  If P and Q are probability distributions on the real line, such that P is absolutely continuous with respect to Q, i.e. P << Q, and whose first moments exist, then

where  is the rate function, i.e. the convex conjugate of the cumulant-generating function, of , and  is the first moment of

The Cramér–Rao bound is a corollary of this result.

Rate function
In mathematics — specifically, in large deviations theory — a rate function is a function used to quantify the probabilities of rare events. Such functions are used to formulate large deviation principles. A large deviation principle quantifies the asymptotic probability of rare events for a sequence of probabilities.

A rate function is also called a Cramér function, after the Swedish probabilist Harald Cramér.
Aydincik Lighthouse
Aydıncık Lighthouse is a Mediterranean lighthouse in Mersin Province, Turkey.

The lighthouse is situated in a location known as Sancaktepe, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of Aydıncık ilçe of Mersin Province at 36°07′48″N 33°23′49″E﻿ / ﻿36.13000°N 33.39694°E﻿ / 36.13000; 33.39694 Aynalıgöl Cave is nearby.

The lighthouse is an unattended lighthouse. Its height is 12 metres (39 ft) with respect to the terrain.  Its visibility is 5 nautical miles

Mersin Province
Mersin Province (Turkish: Mersin ili), formerly İçel Province (İçel ili), is a province and metropolitan municipality in southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast between Antalya and Adana. Its area is 16,010 km2, and its population is 1,916,432 (2022). The provincial capital and the biggest city in the province is Mersin, which is composed of four municipalities and district governorates: Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar and Yenişehir. Next largest is Tarsus, the birthplace of Paul the Apostle. The province is considered to be a part of the geographical, economical and cultural region of Çukurova, which covers the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Honda Project 2&4
The Honda Project 2&4 was an open-wheel concept car that was initially unveiled at International Motor Show Germany in 2015. Its livery was largely inspired by the Honda RA272 Formula One race car, and the car itself was powered by the V4 engine derived from the Honda RC213V MotoGP motorcycle. The car was debuted at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show. The cars design was heavily influenced by the 1997 Honda Side by Side concept.

International Motor Show Germany
The International Motor Show Germany or International Mobility Show Germany, in German known as the Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (IAA – International Automobile Exhibition), is one of the world's largest mobility trade fairs. It consists of two separate fairs, that subdivided in 1991. While the IAA Mobility displays passenger vehicles, motorcycles and bikes, the IAA Transportation specializes in commercial vehicles. Before the separation, the show was held solely at the Messe Frankfurt.

In 2021, the IAA adopted the New Mobility World concept, formats and business model, rebranded to IAA Mobility, and moved to Munich.

The IAA is organized by the Verband der Automobilindustrie (VDA – Association of the German Automotive Industry) and is scheduled by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), who recognize the IAA as one of the "big five" most prestigious auto shows worldwide.
Payner
Payner LTD (Bulgarian: "Пaйнер" ООД) is an independent Bulgarian record label and production company. It was founded in 1990 by Bulgarian businessman Mitko Dimitrov. It is often referred as the largest in size record label in terms of roster within the country with over 100 artists currently signed. Originally Payner started with the production of audio and videotapes for the Bulgarian market and for exportations abroad. As of today, the company owns their own record studio, founded in 1995. 3 television channels -  Planeta TV since 2001, Planeta Folk since 2007, Planeta HD since 2010 and Planeta 4K since 2020.
As well as 2 complexes - "Prikazkite" in Harmanli. Bulgaria and "Planeta Payner" in Dimitrovgrad.

Production facilities and the head office of Payner LTD are situated in Dimitrovgrad.

Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria
Dimitrovgrad (Bulgarian: Димитровград [diˈmitrovˌɡrat]) is a town in Haskovo Province, Bulgaria. It is along the Maritsa River in the Thrace region, close to the provincial capital, Haskovo. Dimitrovgrad  is the administrative centre of Dimitrovgrad Municipality.

Founded in 1947, Dimitrovgrad is a planned city built by the People's Republic of Bulgaria following World War II. The recently established communist government designed the town as a socialist model city and a modern industrial center. Dimitrovgrad is named for the first communist dictator of Bulgaria, Georgi Dimitrov.
Gunsmoke season 1
The first season of the American Western television series Gunsmoke aired in the United States between September 10, 1955 and August 25, 1956. The season consisted of 39 black-and-white 30 minute episodes.  All episodes were broadcast in the U.S. by CBS, originally airing Saturdays at 10:00-10:30 pm (EST).

Gunsmoke was developed by Charles Marquis Warren and based on the radio program of the same name. The series ran for 20 seasons, making it the longest-running Western in television history.

Charles Marquis Warren
Charles Marquis Warren (December 16, 1912 – August 11, 1990) was an American motion picture and television writer, producer, and director who specialized in Westerns. Among his notable career achievements were his involvement in creating the television series Rawhide and his work in adapting the radio series Gunsmoke for television.
Charles Sterling
Charles Sterling (born Karol Sterling; 5 September 1901, Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire – 9 January 1991, Paris, France) was a Polish art historian mainly active in France.

He fought in the Polish–Soviet War in defence of newly gained Polish independence and was decorated several times. He then graduated in law in 1924 before turning to art history in Germany, Great Britain and finally in Paris from 1925 to 1928, under the direction of Gaston Brière at the École du Louvre and at the same time on Henri Focillon's course at the Sorbonne. He specialised in the French 'primitives' (notably the Moulins Master) and the Caravaggisti. From 1929 to 1961 he was curator of the department of paintings at the Louvre.

Gaston Brière
Gaston Brière (1 December 1871, 11th arrondissement of Paris – 22 June 1962, 16th arrondissement of Paris) was a French art historian and head curator of France's national museums. He specialised in 17th and 18th century French painting and taught a noted course at the École du Louvre from 1912 to 1938. In 1903 he joined the staff of the Palace de Versailles, becoming its chief curator from 1932 to 1938.
Nu (Armenian letter)
Nu, or Now (majuscule: Ն; minuscule: ն; Armenian: նու) is the 22nd letter in the Armenian alphabet. It is pronounced as the voiced alveolar nasal /n/ or the voiced velar nasal /ŋ/ before a velar consonant. It is typically romanized with the letter N. Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it can also represent the number 400 in the Armenian number system.

History of the Armenian alphabet
Armenian palaeography is a branch of palaeography that examines the historical development of Armenian script forms and lettering. It also encompasses a description of the evolution of Armenian writing.

The Armenian alphabet was devised in 405 in the cities of Edessa and Samsat by the scholar-monk Mesrop Mashtots. As is the case with other writing systems worldwide, the graphic layout of Armenian letters has undergone some changes in over 1600 years. The four principal graphic forms of Armenian writing during the Middle Ages are Erkat'agir, Bolorgir, Notrgir and Shghagir. The first of these is an all caps form, while the other three are minuscule forms of lettering. The most prevalent forms were Erkat'agir and Bolorgir. Within each of these forms, certain variations are possible.