hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chemogenetics
Chemogenetics is the process by which macromolecules can be engineered to interact with previously unrecognized small molecules. Chemogenetics as a term was originally coined to describe the observed effects of mutations on chalcone isomerase activity on substrate specificities in the flowers of Dianthus caryophyllus. This method is very similar to optogenetics; however, it uses chemically engineered molecules and ligands instead of light and light-sensitive channels known as opsins.

In recent research projects, chemogenetics has been widely used to understand the relationship between brain activity and behavior. Prior to chemogenetics, researchers used methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation to study the relationship between neuronal activity and behavior.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neurostimulation technique in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current in a targeted area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. A device called a stimulator generates electric pulses that are delivered to a magnetic coil placed against the scalp. The resulting magnetic field penetrates the skull and induces a secondary electric current in the underlying brain tissue, modulating neural activity.

Medical devices delivering repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) provide safe and effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), chronic pain, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Adverse effects of TMS appear rare and include fainting and seizure, which occur in roughly 0.1% of patients and are usually attributable to administration error.
Temperance bar
A temperance bar, also known as an alcohol-free bar, sober bar, or dry bar, is  a type of bar that does not serve alcoholic beverages. An alcohol-free bar can be a business establishment or located in a non-business environment or event, such as at a wedding. Alcohol-free bars typically serve non-alcoholic beverages, such as non-alcoholic cocktails known as mocktails, alcohol-free beer or low-alcohol beer, alcohol-free wine, juice, soft drinks and water. Popular temperance drinks include cream soda, dandelion and burdock, sarsaparilla, and Vimto, among others. Various foods may also be served.

Teetotalism
Teetotalism is the practice of voluntarily abstaining from the consumption of alcohol. A person who practises (and possibly advocates) teetotalism is known as a teetotaller (British English) or teetotaler (American English) and is said to be teetotal. Globally, in 2016, 57% of adults did not drink alcohol in the past year, and 44.5% had never consumed alcohol. A number of temperance organisations have been founded to promote teetotalism and provide spaces for nondrinkers to socialise.

Teetotalism is found as an aspect of religious practise in Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Sikhism and in some forms of Christianity. Other common reasons for choosing teetotalism are psychological, health, medical, philosophical, social, political, past alcoholism, or simply preference.
Lansford Spence
Lansford Spence (born 15 December 1982) is a Jamaican sprinter. Together with Sanjay Ayre, Brandon Simpson and Davian Clarke he won a bronze medal in 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics. He also competed in the individual contest, but was knocked out in the semi-final. In 2006 the relay team won another bronze medal at the Commonwealth Games. He won a Commonwealth Games Silver medal in the 200m in 2010.

He was one of five athletes (along with Yohan Blake, Marvin Anderson, Allodin Fothergill and Sheri-Ann Brooks) who failed their doping tests at the 2009 Jamaican National Championships. All five tested positive for banned stimulant methylxanthine. Spence received a three-month doping ban for the infraction.

Brandon Simpson
Brandon Simpson (born 6 September 1981 in Florida, U.S.) is a sprinter who represents Bahrain, having previously represented Jamaica. He has won a bronze medal in 4 x 400 metres relay at three world championships; 2001, 2003 and 2005. He finished 6th in the individual 400 metres contest in 2005, and 5th at the 2004 Olympics.

Simpson was also selected as an alternate for Jamaica at the 2000 Summer Olympics, making him then the youngest ever Jamaican named for an Olympic team. Simpson ran for the George Mason Patriots track and field team and then transferred to the TCU Horned Frogs track and field program.
Saleh al-Ja'imlani
Saleh Mohammed Al-Ja'imlani is a major general of the Yemeni Land Forces who has served as the commander of the 1st Military Region. Prior to his appointment, Ja'imlani held several positions in the Republican Guard and its successor unit, the Presidential Protection Forces, the latter which he served as its commander. During the Houthi takeover of Yemen, Ja'imlani fled to Aden alongside President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi. He was given an advisor role to the Presidential Leadership Council in 2022, and was later transferred to the 1st Military Region in 2024.

Military regions (Yemen)
The military regions of Yemen are 7 regions in which the Yemeni army is distributed. Each military region shares joint military units and formations, in addition to local military academies and installations.

The theater of military operations is represented in seven military regions with the 75th military brigades (including the 13th military brigades in the Defense Reserve and Strategic Reserve). The forces and combat units of the military regions consist of 11 operational axes, 9 mechanized infantry brigades, 11 armored brigades, two border guard brigades, and 23 brigades. Infantry, 2 marine infantry brigades, 3 naval bases, 6 air defense brigades, 5 air bases, 2 mountain infantry brigades, 3 aviation brigades, an artillery brigade, and 2 (artillery/missile) brigades.
Unipotent representation
In mathematics, a unipotent representation of a reductive group is a representation that has some  similarities with unipotent conjugacy classes of groups.

Informally, Langlands philosophy suggests that there should be a correspondence between representations of a reductive group and conjugacy classes of a Langlands dual group, and the unipotent representations should be roughly the ones corresponding to unipotent classes in the dual group.

Unipotent representations are supposed to be the basic "building blocks" out of which one can construct all other representations in the following sense. 
Unipotent representations should form a small (preferably finite) set of irreducible representations for each reductive group, such that all irreducible representations can be obtained from unipotent representations of possibly smaller groups by some sort of systematic process, such as (cohomological or parabolic) induction.

Deligne–Lusztig theory
In mathematics, Deligne–Lusztig theory is a way of constructing linear representations of finite groups of Lie type using ℓ-adic cohomology with compact support, introduced by Pierre Deligne and George Lusztig (1976).

Lusztig (1985) used these representations  to find all representations of all finite simple groups of Lie type.
High vaginal swab
A high vaginal swab (HVS) is a medical procedure performed in obstetrics and gynaecology to test vaginal discharge for the presence of vaginal thrush, bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginalis.

It is carried out in clean conditions, by a healthcare professional who uses a speculum to look at the cervix and vagina. After inserting the swab to the top of the vagina, it is rotated around to obtain a sample of the discharge and subsequently, the speculum is removed and the sample sent for microscopy, culture and sensitivity.

Asepsis
Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites). There are two categories of asepsis: medical and surgical. The modern day notion of asepsis is derived from the older antiseptic techniques, a shift initiated by different individuals in the 19th century who introduced practices such as the sterilizing of surgical tools and the wearing of surgical gloves during operations. The goal of asepsis is to eliminate infection, not to achieve sterility. Ideally, an operating field is sterile, meaning it is free of all biological contaminants (e.g. fungi, bacteria, viruses), not just those that can cause disease, putrefaction, or fermentation. Even in an aseptic state, a condition of sterile inflammation may develop. The term often refers to those practices used to promote or induce asepsis in an operative field of surgery or medicine to prevent infection.
New Pranks of Andersson's Kalle
New Pranks of Andersson's Kalle (Swedish: Anderssonskans Kalle på nya upptåg) is a 1923 silent comedy film directed by Sigurd Wallén and starring Gösta Alexandersson, Dagmar Ebbesen and Edvin Adolphson. It is a sequel to the 1922 film Andersson's Kalle which was based on the 1901 novel of the same title by Emil Norlander.

Dagmar Ebbesen
Dagmar Ebbesen (1 October 1891 – 6 November 1954) was a Swedish film actress. She appeared in 90 films between 1913 and 1954. She was closely associated with the role of Kristina the maid which she played on stage and in three films beginning with House Slaves in 1923.
1815 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1815 Connecticut gubernatorial election took place on April 10, 1815.

Incumbent Federalist Governor John Cotton Smith defeated Democratic-Republican nominee Elijah Boardman in a re-match of the previous year's election.

Elijah Boardman
Elijah Boardman (March 7, 1760 – August 18, 1823) was an American politician who served as a senator from Connecticut. Born to a noted and politically connected Connecticut family, he served in the Connecticut militia before becoming a noted merchant and businessman. Becoming involved in property and land ownership in Connecticut and Ohio, he founded the towns of Boardman and Medina in Ohio. His involvement in politics also increased, and he gradually rose through the ranks of the local, and then national government, being elected by the Connecticut legislature to the United States Senate. He served as Senator from Connecticut until his death in Ohio.
Edward Willis Redfield
Edward Willis Redfield (December 18, 1869 – October 19, 1965) was an American Impressionist landscape painter and member of the art colony at New Hope, Pennsylvania. He is best known today for his impressionist scenes of the New Hope area, often depicting the snow-covered countryside. He also spent his summers on Boothbay Harbor, Maine, where he interpreted the local coastline. He frequently painted Maine's Monhegan Island.

Daniel Garber
Daniel Garber (April 11, 1880 – July 5, 1958) was an American Impressionist landscape painter and member of the art colony at New Hope, Pennsylvania. He is best known today for his large impressionist scenes of the New Hope area, in which he often depicted the Delaware River. He also painted figurative interior works and excelled at etching. In addition to his painting career, Garber taught art at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts for over forty years.
Brown University School of Public Health
41°49′25″N 71°24′24″W﻿ / ﻿41.82370°N 71.40675°W﻿ / 41.82370; -71.40675

The Brown University School of Public Health is the public health school of Brown University, a private research university in Rhode Island. It is located along the Providence River, a quarter mile from Brown's central campus on College Hill. The School of Public Health grew out of the Department of Community Health at Brown's Warren Alpert Medical School and was officially founded in 2013 as an independent school.

The school offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs as well as a dual degree program in conjunction with Brown's Watson School of International and Public Affairs. Academics are organized around four departments: Behavioral and Social Sciences, Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Health Services, Policy & Practice.

In 2025, among schools of public health in the United States, the school receives the seventh most funding from the National Institutes of Health.

Biostatistics
Biostatistics (sometimes referred to as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in the biological sciences, with a focus on clinical medicine and public health applications. 
The field encompasses the design of experiments, the collection and analysis of experimental and observational data, and the interpretation of the results.
It is closely related to medical statistics.
Cattle Raiders
Cattle Raiders is a 1938 American Western film directed by Sam Nelson and written by Joseph F. Poland and Ed Earl Repp. The film stars Charles Starrett, Donald Grayson, Iris Meredith, Dick Curtis, Joseph Allen and Edward LeSaint. The film was released on February 12, 1938, by Columbia Pictures.

Edward LeSaint
Edward LeSaint (January 1, 1871 – September 10, 1940) was an American stage and film actor and director whose career began in the silent era. He acted in over 300 films and directed more than 90. He was sometimes credited as Edward J. Le Saint. LeSaint typically portrayed characters in roles of authority, including over 30 roles, both credited and uncredited, as a judge.
Mind Twister
Mind Twister is a 1994 American erotic thriller film directed by Fred Olen Ray, written by Mark Thomas McGee, and produced by Luigi Cingolani and Smart Egg Pictures.

After the profitable release of his previous erotic thriller Inner Sanctum, Ray saw potential for the genre in the direct-to-video market and helmed the production of a number of these films during the early-to-mid 1990s. Mind Twister debuted theatrically for distributors at the 1993 American Film Market. It was eventually picked up and released by VCI Home Video in early 1994. Mind Twister is one of the final acting roles for Telly Savalas before his death the same year. The movie received an overall below-average response from critics.

BBC Studios Home Entertainment
2 Entertain Video Limited, trading as BBC Studios Home Entertainment, is a British video and music publisher founded in 2004 following the merger of BBC Video and Video Collection International by BBC Worldwide and the Woolworths Group respectively.
Chinese mystery snail
The Chinese mystery snail, black snail, or trapdoor snail (Cipangopaludina chinensis), is a large freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Viviparidae.

The name "trapdoor snail" refers the operculum, an oval corneous plate that most snails in this clade possess. When the soft parts of the snail are fully retracted, the operculum seals the aperture of the shell, providing some protection against drying out and predation.

Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where the head-foot part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc.

The term aperture is used for the main opening in gastropod shells, scaphopod shells, and also for Nautilus and ammonite shells.

The word is not used to describe bivalve shells, where a natural opening between the two shell valves in the closed position is usually called a gape.

Scaphopod shells are tubular, and thus they have two openings: a main anterior aperture and a smaller posterior aperture.

As well as the aperture, some gastropod shells have additional openings in their shells for respiration; this is the case in some Fissurellidae (keyhole limpets) where the central smaller opening at the apex of the shell is called an orifice, and in the Haliotidae (abalone) where the row of respiratory openings in the shell are also called orifices.
Salyut 6 EP-1
Soyuz 6 EP-1 was a 1978 Soviet crewed space flight to the orbiting Salyut 6 space station, during the expedition EO-1. It was the third crewed flight to the station, and the second successful docking. It was also the first crew to visit an occupied station and marked the first time that three spacecraft were docked together. The launching spacecraft was Soyuz 27 (Russian: Союз 27, Union 27), and the crew of EP-1 are often referred to as the Soyuz 27 crew.

The main function of the mission was to swap Soyuz craft with the orbiting crew, in so doing freeing a docking port for a forthcoming supply tanker. Cosmonauts Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Oleg Makarov returned to Earth in the Soyuz 26 spacecraft after spending five days on the station.

Soyuz 26
Soyuz 26 (Russian: Союз 26, Union 26) was a Soviet space mission which launched the crew of Salyut 6 EO-1, the first long duration crew on the space station Salyut 6.

The Soyuz spacecraft was launched on 10 December 1977, and docked with the space station the next day. Soyuz 27 arrived at the station in January 1978, and its two-person crew transferred into the Soyuz 26 spacecraft to undock and land a few days later.
Pest of the West
"Pest of the West" is the 16th episode of the fifth season and the 96th overall episode of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants. In this episode, SpongeBob finds that he is a distant relative of SpongeBuck SquarePants, a sheriff from Bikini Bottom's past town who helped save the citizens from the quickest whip draw in town, the evil Dead Eye Plankton.  It was written by Luke Brookshier, Tom King, Steven Banks and Richard Pursel, with Andrew Overtoom and Tom Yasumi serving as animation directors. Brookshier and King also functioned as storyboard directors.

Pest of the West originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on April 11, 2008, and became available on DVD four days later. It included the song "Idiot Friends," written by Tom Kenny and Andy Paley, which was later released on the album called SpongeBob's Greatest Hits in 2009. Upon release, the episode garnered a total of 6.1 million viewers, and was met with positive reviews from media critics.

Luke Brookshier
Brian Darrell "Luke" Brookshier (born August 31, 1971) is an American animator, storyboard artist, screenwriter, and director known for his work on Nickelodeon's SpongeBob SquarePants and he was nominated for an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Animated Program" for writing the SpongeBob SquarePants episode "Wigstruck".
 After SpongeBob, Brookshier went on to work as writer and storyboard artist in the first season of Cartoon Network's Uncle Grandpa. He studied animation at the California Institute of Arts. He was also a storyboard artist for the animated series Kim Possible and worked on the character layout for King of the Hill. He also had one of his shows turned into a Golden Book: Mr FancyPants!. He storyboarded the Gravity Falls episode "The Hand That Rocks the Mabel" and the Wabbit episode "Sun Valley Freeze". He returned to the SpongeBob franchise as a writer in the show’s eleventh season and also helped develop the spin-offs, Kamp Koral  and The Patrick Star Show.
Kerosene (song)
"Kerosene" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released in September 2005 as the third single and title-track to her debut album of the same name. It reached number 15 on the Hot Country Songs chart, Lambert's first Top 20 country hit. It also peaked at number 61 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. The working title of the song was "Kerosene (Love's Givin' Up on Me)".

The accompanying music video for the song was directed by Trey Fanjoy. The song was Lambert's first to be certified Gold by the RIAA on March 6, 2006. It also gave Lambert her first Grammy nomination for Best Female Country Vocal Performance.

Trey Fanjoy
Trey Fanjoy is an American music video director. Fanjoy has directed over 150 major label music videos. Her videos have appeared on CMT, VH1, GAC, The Nashville Network, CMT Canada, and MTV. She is the first woman to win the Country Music Association Award for Video of the Year and to date, the only woman to win the award twice and one of two people to win the award three times.
Bellemerea
Bellemerea is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichens in the family Lecideaceae. These lichens form tough, crusty patches on hard rock surfaces, often appearing as a mosaic of small angular blocks in colours ranging from white and grey to brown. The genus includes nine species found primarily in mountainous and polar regions where they help colonize bare rock surfaces in harsh environments.

Bellemerea alpina
Bellemerea alpina, the brown sunken disk lichen, is a white to pale tan, thick crustose areolate lichen that grows on rock in the mountains worldwide. It grows in arctic-alpine habitats in Eurasia, North America (south to California and Arizona), Australia, and New Zealand.: 228  Areoles are sometimes contiguous and sometimes dispersed.: 228  It often has very visible black prothallus.: 228  The brown to tan apothecia have a purplish tinge and are grayed by a pruinose coating, and embedded in the areoles, giving a similar appearance to members of the genus Aspicilia.: 228
Shepp–Logan phantom
The Shepp–Logan phantom is a standard test image created by Larry Shepp and Benjamin F. Logan for their 1974 paper "The Fourier Reconstruction of a Head Section".  It serves as the model of a human head in the development and testing of image reconstruction algorithms.

Standard test image
A standard test image is a digital image file used across different institutions to test image processing and image compression algorithms.  By using the same standard test images, different labs are able to compare results, both visually and quantitatively.

The images are in many cases chosen to represent natural or typical images that a class of processing techniques would need to deal with.  Other test images are chosen because they present a range of challenges to image reconstruction algorithms, such as the reproduction of fine detail and textures, sharp transitions and edges, and uniform regions.
OTI Festival 1989
The OTI Festival 1989 (Spanish: Decimoctavo Gran Premio de la Canción Iberoamericana, Portuguese: Décimo Oitavo Grande Prêmio da Canção Ibero-Americana) was the 18th edition of the OTI Festival, held on 18 November 1989 at the theater of the James L. Knight Center in Miami, United States, and presented by Lucy Pereda, Antonio Vodanovic, Verónica Castro, Carlos Mata, María Conchita Alonso, Emmanuel, and Don Francisco. It was organised by the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI) and host broadcaster Univision.

Broadcasters from twenty-two countries participated in the festival. The winner was the song "Una canción no es suficiente" performed by Analí representing Mexico; with "Como una luz" by José Manuel Soto representing Spain placing second; and "Te ofrezco" by Maridalia Hernández representing the Dominican Republic placing third.

Dominican Republic in the OTI Festival
The participation of the Dominican Republic in the OTI Festival began at the first OTI Festival in 1972. The Dominican participating broadcaster was Telesistema Dominicano, which was member of the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI). The broadcaster participated in twenty-six of the twenty-eight editions, only missing the 1976 and 1981 festivals. Its best placing was second, achieved in 1977 and 1983.