hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monarda
Monarda is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. The genus is endemic to North America. Common names include bergamot, bee balm, horsemint, and oswego tea, the first being inspired by the fragrance of the leaves, which is reminiscent of bergamot orange (Citrus bergamia). The genus was named for the Spanish botanist Nicolás Monardes, who wrote a book in 1574 describing plants of the New World.

Monarda citriodora
Monarda citriodora is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, that is native to the southern United States and northern Mexico. Common names include lemon beebalm, lemon mint (this may also apply to Eau de Cologne mint) and purple horsemint. When crushed, the leaves emit an odor reminiscent of  lemons. This odor is sometimes described as more resembling oregano, especially late in the season. Its purple flowers are highly attractive to butterflies, bees and hummingbirds.
Death of Ranko Panić
Ranko Panić (Serbian Cyrillic: Ранко Панић; 15 February 1967 – 15 August 2008) was a Serbian warehouse clerk who died due to injuries sustained from police brutality on 29 July 2008 during a protest against the arrest of Radovan Karadžić organized by the Serbian Radical Party and New Serbia.

The incident provoked a public outcry and Aleksandar Vučić has repeatedly accused the then ruling Democratic Party under Boris Tadić, both of hiding evidence of Panić's assailant and of under-reporting the incident.

On 8 September 2014, an officer of the Niš detachment of the Gendarmery, Nikica Ristić, was arrested on suspicion of inflicting serious bodily injury to Panić leading to his death. Ristić was found not guilty in the first instance by the Higher Court in Belgrade on 10 May 2019.

Under-reporting
Under-reporting usually refers to some issue, incident, statistic, etc., that individuals, responsible agencies, or news media have not reported, or have reported as less than the actual level or amount. Under-reporting of crimes, for example, makes it hard to figure the actual incidence of crimes.

Under-reporting is a failure in data reporting.
Darby and the Dead
Darby  and the Dead is a 2022 American supernatural teen comedy film directed by Silas Howard, written by Wenonah Wilms and Becca Greene, and starring Riele Downs as Darby Harper, along with Auliʻi Cravalho, Chosen Jacobs, Asher Angel, Wayne Knight, Derek Luke, and Tony Danza.

Originally titled Darby Harper Wants You to Know, the film was announced in October 2021, and began filming in South Africa in February 2022. It was released by 20th Century Studios as a Hulu original film on December 2, 2022. It received mixed reviews from critics.

Derek Luke
Derek Nathanial Luke (born April 24, 1974) is an American actor. He won the Independent Spirit Award for his big-screen debut performance as the titular character in the 2002 film Antwone Fisher, directed and produced by Denzel Washington. He is also known for his roles as Boobie Miles in Friday Night Lights (2004), Bobby Joe Hill in Glory Road (2006), Joshua Hardaway in Madea Goes to Jail (2009), Gabe Jones in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), William Wright in Baggage Claim (2013), and Kevin Porter on the Netflix original series 13 Reasons Why (2017–2020).
2005 Norwegian Second Division
The 2005 2. divisjon season was the third highest association football league for men in Norway.

26 games were played in 4 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Sarpsborg Sparta, Manglerud Star, Haugesund and Tromsdalen were promoted to the First Division. Number twelve, thirteen and fourteen were relegated to the 3. divisjon. The winning teams from each of the 24 groups in the 3. divisjon each faced a winning team from another group in a playoff match, resulting in 12 playoff winners which were promoted to the 2. divisjon.

FK Haugesund
Fotballklubben Haugesund (lit. 'Football Club Haugesund'), usually referred to as FK Haugesund or FKH, is a professional football club from the city of Haugesund that plays in the second tier of the Norwegian football league system.

FK Haugesund previously played in the top division in 1996–1998, 2000 and in 2010–2025. The club have been runners-up in the Norwegian Cup in 2007 and 2019 as well as having competed in the qualifying stages for the UEFA Europa League in 2014–15, 2017–18 and 2019–20. The club's best achievement in the national league is the bronze medal in Eliteserien in 2013, and fourth place in the 2016 and 2018-seasons.

It was originally founded on 28 October 1993 after a merger between the Haugesund-based football clubs Djerv 1919 and SK Haugar. The club plays its home matches at the Haugesund Stadion near the city-centre of Haugesund. The stadium has a capacity of 8,754. Maakeberget is the official but independent supporter club of FK Haugesund.
Port Charles
Port Charles (commonly abbreviated as PC) is an American television soap opera that aired on ABC from June 1, 1997, to October 3, 2003. It was a spin-off of the series  General Hospital, which has been running since 1963 and takes place in the fictional city of Port Charles, New York. The show features longtime General Hospital characters Lucy Coe, Kevin Collins, Scott Baldwin, and Karen Wexler, along with several new characters, most of whom were interns in a competitive medical school program. In its later years, the program shifted more towards supernatural themes and stories, with a reduced emphasis on the original hospital setting.

Loving (TV series)
Loving is an American television soap opera that ran on ABC from June 26, 1983, to November 10, 1995, for a total of 3,169 episodes. The serial, set in the fictional town of Corinth, Pennsylvania, was co-created by Agnes Nixon and former actor Douglas Marland.

Loving premiered on June 26, 1983, with a two-hour primetime movie and, on the next day, debuted as a half-hour weekday soap opera.

On July 4, 1995, ABC officially canceled Loving due to low ratings, and its final episode aired on November 10, 1995. On November 13, 1995, the following Monday, ABC replaced Loving with its spin-off The City, which ran until March 28, 1997.
Carl Scarborough
Carl Scarborough (July 3, 1914 – May 30, 1953) was an American racecar driver. He died from heat exhaustion during the 1953 Indianapolis 500, a race in which several drivers experienced heat-related illness. The race was Scarborough's second entry in the Indianapolis 500. He had also been the national champion in both big car and midget car racing. After he died, race officials announced plans to inspect Indy 500 vehicles for suitable ventilation.

Midget car racing
Midget cars, also Speedcars in Australia, is a class of racing cars. The cars are very small, with a very high power-to-weight ratio, and typically use four-cylinder engines. They originated in the United States in the 1930s and are raced on most continents. There is a worldwide tour and national midget tours in the United States, Australia, Argentina and New Zealand.
Australian trust law
Australian trust law is the law of trusts as it is applied in Australia. It is derived from, and largely continues to follow English trust law, as modified by state and federal legislation. A number of unique features of Australian trust law arise from interactions with the Australian systems of company law, family law and taxation.

Constructive trust
In trust law, a constructive trust is an equitable remedy imposed by a court to benefit a party that has been wrongfully deprived of its rights due to either a person obtaining or holding a legal property right which they should not possess due to unjust enrichment or interference, or due to a breach of fiduciary duty, which is intercausative with unjust enrichment and/or property interference. It is a type of implied trust (i.e., it is created by conduct, not explicitly by a settlor).

In the United States (in contrast to England), a constructive trust remedy generally does not recognize or create any continuing fiduciary relationship — that is, a constructive trust is not actually a trust except in name. Rather, it is a fiction declaring that the plaintiff has equitable title to the property at issue, and ordering the defendant to transfer legal ownership and possession to the plaintiff. For instance, in some states the slayer rule is implemented in the form of a constructive trust.
Sankar Sen
Sankar Sen (c. 1928 – 8 February 2020) was an Indian academic, electrical engineer and politician from West Bengal belonging to Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was the vice chancellor of Jadavpur University. He served as a legislator of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. He also served as the Minister of Power of the Government of West Bengal from 1991 to 1999.

Jadavpur University
Jadavpur University (abbr. JU) is a public state funded technical and research university with its main campus located at Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It was established on 25 July in 1906 as Bengal Technical Institute and was converted into Jadavpur University on 24 December in 1955. As of the 2025 NIRF rankings, Jadavpur University has been ranked 9th among universities, 1st among state public universities, 18th among engineering institutes, and 18th overall in India. Also Nature Index ranked Jadavpur University in 1st among universities in India and 22nd overall in India in terms of research output (2023–2024). The university has been recognized by the UGC as an institute with "Potential for Excellence" and accredited an "A+" grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC).
Veronica Fontana
Veronica Fontana (1651–1690) was an Italian engraver.

Fontana was the daughter of the engraver Domenico Maria Fontana, and was a native of Parma, although she would be associated with Bologna for much of her career. She was inspired by the example of the engraver Teresa Maria Coriolano, also of Bologna, and was encouraged in her pursuits by Elisabetta Sirani, with whom she took lessons; she also studied with her father. Fontana was proficient in woodcarving, and understood the effects of chiaroscuro, and her work was well-regarded during her lifetime. During her career she produced portraits and book illustrations as well as single sheet pieces.

Theresa Maria Coriolano
Theresa Maria Coriolano (1620–1671) was an Italian engraver of the Baroque period.

Coriolano was born in Bologna, the daughter of the engraver Bartolommeo Coriolano, and was instructed in painting by Elisabetta Sirani. She etched a small plate of the Virgin, half-length, with the Infant Jesus.
2011 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification
Qualification for the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup determines which 15 teams join Germany, the hosts of the 2011 tournament, to play for the Women's World Cup. Europe has 5.5 qualifying berths (including the hosts), Asia 3 berths, North and Central America 2.5 berths, Africa 2 berths, South America 2 berths and Oceania 1 berth. The 16th spot was determined through a play-off match between the third-placed team in North/Central America and the winner of repechage play-offs in Europe.

2011 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification (UEFA)
In the UEFA qualification for 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, 41 entrants were drawn into eight groups, from which the group winners advanced to a play-off round.  The four winners of the play-off round advanced directly to join Germany (the hosts) in the finals tournament, while the four play-off losers played two further knock-out rounds to determine a nation to play-off with the third-placed CONCACAF nation for a finals place.

This scheme was a significant change from previous editions of qualification as all entrants had the ability to advance to the final tournament.  In previous years only those nations belonging to the First Category of European women's football were able to qualify, with a system approximating promotion and relegation between qualification tournaments operating.
Martin Kinnunen
Martin Anders Kinnunen, (born 15 May 1983) is a Swedish-Finnish member of parliament for the Sweden Democrats party. He was previously the press secretary for the party, as well as leader for the party's youth organisation the Sweden Democratic Youth (SDU) between 2005 and 2007. He took over that position from Jimmie Åkesson and was succeeded by Erik Almqvist.

Erik Almqvist
Erik Anders Almqvist (born 24 May 1982) is a Swedish former politician. As a former member of the Sweden Democrats, he was member of the Swedish Riksdag from 2010 until his resignation on 21 February 2013 representing Västra Götaland County North.
Netty (name)
Netty is a given name or nickname that has Hebrew, Latin and English derivations.  It is a variant, version or derivative of many names including Anne (Hebrew),  Hannah (English), Antoinette (French, Latin), Antonia (Latin), and Nanette (French, Hebrew), and Nettie (English).

Anne
Anne, alternatively spelled Ann, is a form of the Latin female name Anna. This in turn is a representation of the Hebrew Hannah, which means 'favour' or 'grace'. Related names include Annie and Ana.

Anne is sometimes used as a male name in the Netherlands, particularly in the Frisian speaking part (for example, author Anne de Vries). In this incarnation, it is related to Germanic arn-names and means 'eagle'.  It has also been used for males in France (Anne de Montmorency) and Scotland (Lord Anne Hamilton). In Ireland the name is used as an anglicized version of Áine.

In Japan, Anne is written as 安音, 安嶺, 安寧, etc. and is pronounced anné (あんね).
Same-sex marriage in Yucatán
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Yucatán since 4 March 2022. On 1 March, the Congress of Yucatán passed same-sex marriage legislation by a unanimous 25–0 vote. The law, supported by Governor Mauricio Vila Dosal, took effect three days later, making Yucatán the 25th Mexican state to legalize same-sex marriage. Congress had also passed legislation repealing a constitutional ban on same-sex marriages on 25 August 2021. This constitutional amendment, which repealed a ban on same-sex unions Congress had enacted in 2009, entered into force on 7 September 2021.

Governor of Yucatán
The governor of the State of Yucatan is the head of the executive branch of the Mexican state of Yucatán, elected to a six-year-term and not eligible for reelection.
The figure of the governor is established on the Constitution of the State of Yucatan on its Title Fifth. The term of the Governor begins on October 1 of the year of the election and finishes September 30, six years later.

The same constitution empowers those individuals to be elected governor who have held the title of executive power but in a different way to the popular election, namely the interim, or temporary replacements. The latter has caused controversies and political conflicts, because in the view of several instances is in conflict with a precept of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States that stipulates that no state governor may hold power for more than six years.
Kyaw Zaw
Kyaw Zaw (Burmese: ‌ကျော်ဇော, [tɕɔ̀ zɔ́]; 3 December 1919 – 10 October 2012) was one of the founders of the Tatmadaw (the modern Burmese Army) and a member of the Thirty Comrades who trained in Japan in the struggle for independence from Britain. He was also one of the leaders of the Communist Party of Burma, and had lived in exile in Yunnan Province, China, since 1989 after retiring from politics.

Thakin Than Tun
Thakin Than Tun (Burmese: သခင်သန်းထွန်း; 1911 – 24 September 1968) was a Burmese politician and leader of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) from 1945 until his assassination in 1968. He was the brother-in-law of Myanmar's independence leader Aung San and the uncle of the former State Counsellor of Myanmar Aung San Suu Kyi.
Hatsarat
40°20′34″N 45°06′48″E﻿ / ﻿40.34278°N 45.11333°E﻿ / 40.34278; 45.11333

Hatsarat (also, Atsarat and Pashakend) is a town in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. The town contains a small domed church built in 898.

Gegharkunik Province
Gegharkunik (Armenian: Գեղարքունիք, Armenian pronunciation: [ɡɛʁɑɾkʰuˈnikʰ] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gavar. Gegharkunik is inhabited by approximately 209,669 people and the majority are ethnic Armenians.

Gegharkunik Province is located at the eastern part of Armenia, bordering Azerbaijan. It includes the exclave of Artsvashen, which has been under Azerbaijani occupation since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. With an area of 5,348 km2 (2,065 sq mi), Gegharkunik is the largest province in Armenia. However, approximately 24% or 1,278 km2 (493 sq mi) of its territory is covered by Lake Sevan, the largest lake in the South Caucasus and a major tourist attraction of the region.

The Yerevan-Sevan-Dilijan republican highway runs through the province.
Yashodhara Mishra
Dr. Yashodhara Mishra (born 1951) is a Odia writer and poet. She is a professor of English who has published poems, several collections of short stories and novels. She was a fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study.

Indian Institute of Advanced Study
The Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS) is a research institute located in Shimla, India. It was set up by the Ministry of Education, Government of India in 1964 and started functioning from 20 October 1965. It is currently housed in the former Rashtrapati Niwas building.
Jiangxisaurus
Jiangxisaurus is an extinct genus of oviraptorid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation of southern China. 
It was similar to Heyuannia, but with more strongly curved anterior claws and a thinner, frailer mandible. 
 This find is paleontologically significant because it contributes to current knowledge about the paleogeographical distribution of oviraptorids in southern China. It was most likely an omnivorous animal along with its close relatives Nankangia and Ganzhousaurus.

Heyuannia
Heyuannia ("from Heyuan") is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous epoch, in what is now China and Mongolia. It was the first oviraptorid found in China; most others were found in neighbouring Mongolia. Two species are known: H. huangi, named by Lü Junchang in 2002 from the Dalangshan Formation; and H. yanshini, originally named as a separate genus Ingenia from the Barun Goyot Formation by Rinchen Barsbold in 1981, and later renamed to Ajancingenia in 2013 due to the preoccupation of Ingenia. The latter name was eventually discarded due to various ethical issues surrounding the author.
Stand Strong
"Stand Strong" is a song by Nigerian singer Davido. It was released on 13 May 2022, through Davido Music Worldwide and Sony Music Entertainment UK. "Stand Strong" was written by Davido and the Samples, a member of the American gospel group Sunday Service Choir, and produced by Pheelz. The music video was released on 25 May 2022. The song peaked at number 6 on TurnTable Top 50 chart, and reached number 9 on both the Billboard U.S. Afrobeats Songs chart and UK Afrobeats Singles chart.

UK Afrobeats Singles Chart
The UK Afrobeats Singles Chart is a record chart compiled in the United Kingdom by the Official Charts Company (OCC) to determine the 20 most popular singles in the afrobeats and afroswing genres. The chart is compiled by the OCC from digital downloads, physical record sales and audio streams in UK retail outlets. The chart was launched for the first time in 2020, with the first chart being revealed on BBC Radio 1Xtra on 26 July 2020, and was published on the Official Charts website.

The introduction of the chart came about due to the rising popularity of afrobeats music and artists in the United Kingdom.

As of January 2025, the act with most number one appearances in the chart is Burna Boy with eleven appearances, "Real Life", "Ginger" (as featuring with Wizkid), "Kilometre", "Want It All", "B D'or", "Last Last", "For My Hand", "Alone", "Sittin' on Top of the World", "Cheat on Me", "City Boys" and "Bundle by Bundle".
Mordechai Oren
Mordechai Oren (Hebrew: מרדכי אורן; 1905–1985) was a leader of Mapam and the Kibbutz Artzi Hashomer Hatzair. He was implicated in a scandal which created an uproar in the state of Israel during the early fifties when he was tried in a show trial in Eastern Europe and was dubbed the "prisoner of Prague".

Show trial
A show trial is a public trial in which the guilt or innocence of the defendant has already been determined. The purpose of holding a show trial is to present both accusation and verdict to the public, serving as an example and a warning to other would-be dissidents or transgressors.

Show trials tend to be retributive rather than corrective, and they are also conducted for propagandistic purposes. When aimed at individuals on the basis of protected classes or characteristics, show trials are examples of political persecution. The term was first recorded in 1928.
Dennis G. Peters
Dennis Gail Peters (April 17, 1937 – April 13, 2020) was an American analytical chemist who specialized in electrochemistry and was named the Herman T. Briscoe Professor at Indiana University in 1975. Peters led his own research group at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana until his death in 2020. Peters' research focused on the electrochemical behavior of halogenated organic compounds, more recently moving to focus on transition metal catalysts in regards to the oxidation and reduction of organic species. He authored or co-authored over 210 publications and 5 analytical chemistry textbooks.

Herman T. Briscoe
Herman Thompson Briscoe (November 6, 1893 – October 8, 1960) was an American chemist and professor of chemistry. The Herman T. Briscoe Professorship in Chemistry at Indiana University was established in 1961, and the Herman T. Briscoe Quadrangle Dormitory was dedicated in 1966.
Balawat Gates
The Balawat Gates are three sets of decorated bronze bands that had adorned the main doors of several buildings at Balawat (ancient Imgur-Enlil), dating to the reigns of Ashurnasirpal II (r. 883–859 BC) and Shalmaneser III (r. 859–824 BC). Their extensive use of narrative art depicting the exploits of Assyrian kings has cemented their position as some of the most important surviving works of art of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, comparable to the extensive Assyrian palace reliefs. When the Neo-Assyrian Empire fell in 614-612 BC, Balawat was destroyed. The wooden elements of the gates decomposed, leaving only the bronze bands (some of which were badly damaged). The remains of two sets of gates can be found in the British Museum's collection, those from the Temple of Mamu are housed in the Mosul Museum. Small sections of the Shalmaneser bronze door bands are also in the Louvre Museum at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore and in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums.

Mosul Museum
The Mosul Museum (Arabic: متحف الموصل) is the second largest museum in Iraq after the National Museum of Iraq in Baghdad. It was heavily looted during the 2003 Iraq War. Founded in 1952, the museum consisted of a small hall until a new building was opened in 1972, containing ancient Assyrian artifacts. The museums net worth and content value are around 50 to 80 to 250 million according to museum specialists during 2013 at least. Hikmat Al-Aswad was the director from 2004 to 2011. The current director is Zaid Ghazi Saadallah.
Winterfresh
Winterfresh is a wintergreen flavored variety of chewing gum made by the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. Introduced in the United States in 1994, it was the largest-selling sugar gum in the market by the end of the decade. It was marketed as an alternative to the Big Red brand. Extra gum, a sugarless gum, introduced a Winterfresh flavor in 1988, while Freedent introduced a Winterfresh flavor around the same time the Winterfresh brand gum was introduced.

Each three-gram stick contains 10 calories (42 kilojoules).

Freedent
Freedent is a brand of chewing gum manufactured by Wrigley's, first introduced in 1975. It is marketed as the gum that "won't stick to most dental work (or braces)." Freedent currently comes in two flavors in the American market: Peppermint and Spearmint; in the past it also offered other flavors.

The Freedent brand is also used in France as a rebranding of Orbit/Extra. It launched there in 1987. It has also been marketed as such in the Netherlands.