hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joseph Russo (mobster)
Joseph Anthony Russo (May 5, 1931 – June 1, 1998), known as "J.R.", was an American mobster in the Patriarca crime family of New England. He gained infamy as the hit man who killed the informant Joseph Barboza, the first person to be murdered while in the Federal Witness Protection Program. As a caporegime in the Boston faction of the Patriarca family, Russo led a failed rebellion against the family boss, Raymond Patriarca Jr. of Providence, Rhode Island, during the late 1980s. As part of a truce, Patriarca promoted Russo to consigliere of the family. Russo was convicted of racketeering in 1992 and died in federal prison from cancer.

United States Federal Witness Protection Program
The United States Federal Witness Protection Program (WPP), also known as the Witness Security Program or WITSEC, is a witness protection program codified through 18 U.S. Code § 3521 and administered by the United States Department of Justice.

The program is operated by the United States Marshals Service and is designed to protect threatened witnesses and their family members before, during, and after a trial when those witnesses have an association with the federal government.

The program was originally authorized by the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 and later amended by the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984. The amended issues included bail, sentencing reform, pleas for insanity, and penalties for drug offenses.
Outline of Esperanto
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Esperanto:

Esperanto is the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language. L. L. Zamenhof, a Polish-Jewish ophthalmologist, created Esperanto in the late 19th century and published the first book detailing it, Unua Libro, in 1887 under the pseudonym Dr. Esperanto, Esperanto translating as "one who hopes".

Unua Libro
Dr. Esperanto's International Language (Russian: Международный язык), commonly referred to as Unua Libro (First Book), is an 1887 book by L. L. Zamenhof, in which he first introduced and described the constructed language Esperanto. First published in Russian on July 26 [O.S. July 14] 1887, the publication of Unua Libro marks the formal beginning of the Esperanto movement.

Writing under the pseudonym "Dr. Esperanto", Zamenhof originally referred to the language as the international language; the use of Esperanto did not arise until 1889 when people began to use his pseudonym as the name of the language itself. Zamenhof reproduced a significant portion of the content of Unua Libro in the 1905 Fundamento de Esperanto, which he established as the sole obligatory authority over Esperanto in the Declaration of Boulogne, ratified by the first World Esperanto Congress later that year.
Mridula Garg
Mridula Garg (born 1938) is an Indian writer who writes in Hindi and English. She has published over 30 books in Hindi – novels, short story collections, plays and collections of essays – including several translated into English. She is a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award.

Sahitya Akademi Award
The Sahitya Akademi Award  is a literary  honour in India,  which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 24 languages of the 8th Schedule to the Indian constitution as well as in English and Rajasthani language.

Established in 1954, the award comprises a plaque and a cash prize of ₹ 100,000. The award's purpose is to recognise and promote excellence in Indian writing and acknowledge new trends. The annual process of selecting awardees runs for the preceding 12 months. The plaque awarded by the Sahitya Akademi was designed by the Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray. Prior to this, the plaque occasionally was made of marble, but this practice was discontinued because of its excessive weight. During the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965, the plaque was substituted with national savings bonds.
A Midsummer Night's Rave
A Midsummer Night's Rave is a 2002 American film adapted from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream released on November 1, 2002. The film stars Corey Pearson, Lauren German, Andrew Keegan, Chad Lindberg, and Sunny Mabrey; and was directed by Gil Cates Jr. It is set at a rave, rather than the forest where most of the original is set. The film received little attention from professional movie critics, but is considered a success with teen audiences, and has been used as an exemplar for a category of movies (the "McShakespeare", an example of McDonaldization) in more academic publications.

McDonaldization
McDonaldization is a McWord. The McWord concept was first proposed by sociologist George Ritzer in his 1983 article in the Journal of American Culture and developed in his 1993 book The McDonaldization of Society. McDonaldization is a reconceptualization of rationalization and scientific management. Where Max Weber used the model of the bureaucracy to represent the direction of this changing society, Ritzer sees the fast-food restaurant as a more representative contemporary paradigm. Critiques of the McDonaldization thesis include Ahuvia and Izberk-Bilgi’s analysis of a countertrend they call eBayization, and Alexander’s argument that McDonaldization is a paralysing concept and ignores more person-centred models such as cooperatives or the Toyota Production System.
Heavenly Daze
Heavenly Daze is a 1948 short subject directed by Jules White starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Shemp Howard). It is the 109th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Larry Fine
Larry Fine (born Louis Feinberg; October 4, 1902 – January 24, 1975) was an American actor, comedian and musician. He is best known as a member of the comedy act the Three Stooges and was often called "The Middle Stooge".
Niamh Allen
Niamh Allen (born 19 April 1995) is an Irish long-distance and cross country runner. She won the Irish national title over 5000 metres in 2025, and represented Ireland at the 2024 and 2025 European Cross Country Championships, and the 2025 European Running Championships.

2025 European Cross Country Championships
The 2025 European Cross Country Championships was the 31st edition of the cross country running competition for European athletes. It was held on 14 December 2025 in Lagoa, Portugal. The competition consisted of seven races and thirteen medal events; each of the six individual events (junior, under-23 and senior races for both men and women) also included a team classification based on aggregate finishing positions, while a thirteenth event, a mixed relay, was also held.
Æðuvík
Æðuvík (/ˈɛaʋʊˌʋʊik/ from Æða meaning "duck" and vík meaning "bay", Danish: Avevig) is a community located on the southernmost tip of Eysturoy island of the Faroe Islands.

Founded in 1897, its postal code is FO 645. Its population is about 100, and it is located at N 62° 4' 11 W 6° 41' 24. The village is located in the Runavík municipality along with the Innan Glyvur, Runavík, Saltangará, Rituvík, Skipanes, Søldarfjørður, Elduvík, Funningsfjørður, Glyvrar, Oyndarfjørður, Skáli, Skálafjørður, Lambi, and Lambareiði villages.

Søldarfjørður
Søldarfjørður (Danish: Solmundefjord) is a village in the south of the Faroese island of Eysturoy in Runavík Municipality.

The 2002 population was 344. Its postal code is FO 344.

The village was originally called Sølmundarfjørður. The name Sølmundur refers to the great grandson of Grímur Kamban, the first Norse settler in the Faroe Islands.
Atharvashikha Upanishad
The Atharvashikha Upanishad (IAST: Atharvaśikhā) is a Sanskrit text that is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. It is among the 31 Upanishads associated with the Atharvaveda. It is classified as a Shaiva Upanishad, focussing on the destroyer god, Shiva.

The text is composed through the voice of the Sage Atharvan, to whom the Atharvaveda is eponymously attributed. The text discusses and equates Om symbol to Shiva as the Supreme Being and Brahman, explaining the spirituality behind its chanting and meditation..

The text is also called Atharvashikhopanishad, and is listed at 23 in the Telugu language anthology of 108 Upanishads in Muktika canon.

Atharvan
Atharvan (Sanskrit: अथर्वन् IAST: Atharvan, nominative singular: अथर्वा IAST: Atharvā) is a legendary Vedic sage (rishi) of Hinduism, who along with Angiras, is supposed to have authored ("heard") the Atharvaveda. He is also said to have first instituted the fire-sacrifice or yajña. Sometimes he is also reckoned among the seven seers, the Saptarishi. His clan is known as the Atharvanas. Atharvan married Shanti, daughter of Prajapati Kardama, and had a great sage Dadhichi as a son. He is referred to as a member of the Bhrigu clan.

According to the Mundaka Upanishad and other texts, he was the eldest son and (Manasaputra) born from mind of the creator deity, Brahma.
Luis Antonio Rivera
Luis Antonio Rivera (April 9, 1930 – November 30, 2023), also known as "Yoyo Boing", was a Puerto Rican actor, comedian and television show host, who was also one of the pioneers of Puerto Rican television.

José Miguel Agrelot
Giuseppe Michael Agrelot Vilá (April 21, 1927 – January 28, 2004), also known as José Miguel Agrelot or Don Cholito, was a Puerto Rican comedian, radio and television host. During the 1950s, Agrelot and Tommy Muñiz performed in theatre as a comedy duo.
Lepthoplosternum ucamara
Lepthoplosternum ucamara is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Callichthyidae and the subfamily Callichthyinae, the armoured catfishes. This species is known from the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve in the lower Ucayali River in Peru and from the area of confluence of the Solimões River and Japurá River in Brazil.

Callichthyidae
Callichthyidae is a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes), called armored catfishes due to the two rows of bony plates (or scutes) along the lengths of their bodies. It contains some of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish, such as many species in the genus Corydoras.
Young Guard (Napoleonic)
The Young Guard was the collective name for Imperial Guard units raised after 1809, to distinguish them from the Old Guard and Middle Guard. Its cadre was raised from the Old Guard, but most of its recruits were instead the strongest and best educated conscripts from that era.

Old Guard (France)
The Old Guard (French: Vieille garde) was a formation of the French Army's Imperial Guard. Consisting exclusively of veteran troops, it was the most prestigious formation in Napoleon's Grande Armée. French soldiers often referred to Napoleon's Old Guard as "the Immortals". The Napoleonic Imperial Guard is collectively mentioned as the "elite of the elite".

Famously devoted to the Emperor, who even referred to them as "my children"; the members of his Old Guard were selected based on physical traits, most notably above-average height. Their imposing stature was likely impressive to foes and allies alike. Awards as well as veterancy were also taken into consideration when selecting troops for the Old Guard.
Pierre Lemonnier (footballer)
Pierre Lemonnier (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ləmɔnje]; born 6 July 1993) is a French professional footballer who plays as a defender for  Ligue 2 club Red Star.

He previously appeared in the Coupe de la Ligue for Ligue 2 club Dijon, played in the fourth and fifth tiers for Rennes B, Dijon B and Granville, with whom he reached the quarter-finals of the 2015–16 Coupe de France, and helped Le Mans gain promotion to the Championnat National in 2017–18 and to Ligue 2 the following season. In 2021, he joined Guingamp of Ligue 2, where he spent three-and-a-half years before moving on to Red Star.

Coupe de la Ligue
The Coupe de la Ligue (French pronunciation: [kup də la liɡ]), known outside France as the French League Cup, was a knockout cup competition in French football organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. The tournament was established in 1993 and, unlike the Coupe de France, was only open to professional clubs in France which play in country's top three football divisions, though the third is not fully professional.

The most successful team in the competition was Paris Saint-Germain with nine wins, including the last edition in 2019–20. The LFP voted to suspend the competition indefinitely to "reduce the season schedule".
Mac Fhirbhisigh
MacFirbis (Irish: Mac Fhirbhisigh), also known as Forbes, was the surname of a family of Irish hereditary historians based for much of their known history at Lecan, Tireragh (now Lackan, Kilglass parish, County Sligo). 
They claimed descent from Dathí (d.418?/428?), said to be one of the last pagan Kings of Connacht, and were thus one of the many families who sprang from the Uí Fiachrach dynasty. The progenitors of the MacFirbis family descend from Amhailgadh, whose brothers included Fiachra Ealg (ancestor of O'Dowd) and Eocha Breac (ancestor of O'Shaughnessy).

O'Shaughnessy
Ó Seachnasaigh, O'Shaughnessy, collectively Uí Sheachnasaigh, clan name Cinél nAedha na hEchtghe, is a family surname of Irish origin. The name is found primarily in County Galway and County Limerick. Their name derives from Seachnasach mac Donnchadh, a 10th-century member of the Uí Fiachrach Aidhne, which the Ó Seachnasaigh were the senior clan of. The town of Gort, Ireland, was the main residence of the family since at least the time of their ancestor, King Guaire Aidne mac Colmáin.
Halhul
Halhul (Arabic: حلحول, transliteration: Ḥalḥūl) is a Palestinian city located in the southern part of the West Bank, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of Hebron in the Hebron Governorate of Palestine. The town, bordered by Sa'ir and al-Shuyukh to the east, Beit Ummar and al-Arroub refugee camp to the north, and Kharas and Nuba westwards, is located 916 m above sea level, and is the highest inhabited place in the State of Palestine. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 27,031 inhabitants in 2017.

Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS; Arabic: الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء الفلسطيني, romanized: al-Jihāz al-Markazī lil-Iḥṣāʼ al-Filasṭīnī) is the official statistical institution of Palestine. Its main task is to provide credible statistical figures at the national and international levels. It is a state institution that provides service to the governmental, non – governmental and private sectors in addition to research institutions and universities. It is established as an independent statistical bureau. The PCBS publishes the Statistical Yearbook of Palestine and the Jerusalem Statistical Yearbook annually.

The head office of the agency is in Ein Munjed Quarter, Ramallah.
Motorized Reserves of the Citizens' Militia
The Motorized Reserves of the Citizens' Militia (Polish: Zmotoryzowane Odwody Milicji Obywatelskiej), commonly known as ZOMO, were paramilitary-police formations during the communist era in Poland. These elite units of Citizens' Militia (MO) were originally created to fight dangerous criminals, to provide security during mass events, and help in the case of natural disasters and other crises; however, they became known instead for their brutal and sometimes repressive lethal actions of riot control and their role in quelling civil rights protests.

The first ZOMO units were deployed in 1956 and became particularly infamous for their ruthless handling of political opponents under Polish martial law (1981–1983). It was permanently disbanded after the fall of communism in 1989, though the term "ZOMO" remains synonymous with police brutality to this day.

Police brutality
Police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality includes, but is not limited to, asphyxiation, beatings, shootings, improper takedowns, racially-motivated violence and unwarranted use of tasers.
Anne Pohjola
Anne Pohjola (born April 18, 1985, in Kuopio, Lapinlahti), is an elite Finnish ringette player who plays forward and is a prolific scorer. She has been a member of the Finland national ringette team several times and currently plays in Finland's semi-professional ringette league, SM Ringette (formerly Ringeten SM-sarja). The league is known as the Finnish national ringette league to English speakers.

In SM Ringette, she has played for various clubs, mainly Lapinlahden Luistin -89, and has served as captain of that club.

Lapinlahti
Lapinlahti (Finnish: [ˈlɑpinˌlɑhti]; Swedish: Lapinlahti, also Lapinlax) is a municipality of Finland. It is part of the Northern Savo region, located 59 kilometres (37 mi) north of the city of Kuopio. The municipality has a population of 8,856 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 1,245.16 square kilometres (480.76 sq mi) of which 148.58 km2 (57.37 sq mi) is water. The population density is 8.08 inhabitants per square kilometre (20.9/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The neighboring municipalities of Lapinlahti are Iisalmi, Kuopio, Rautavaara, Siilinjärvi and Sonkajärvi. The neighboring municipality of Varpaisjärvi was consolidated with Lapinlahti on 1 January 2011.

There are a total of 229 lakes in the municipality of Lapinlahti, the largest of which include Lake Onkivesi.
Pierre Olivier
Pierre J. J. Olivier (1936 – 16 December 2003) was a South African jurist and judge who served in the Supreme Court of Appeal from 1995 until his death in 2003. He was an advocate and silk in Bloemfontein until he was appointed to the bench in 1985 as a judge of the Orange Free State Provincial Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa. Before entering legal practice, he taught law at the University of Pretoria from 1961 to 1969 and at the University of the Orange Free State from 1969 to 1973; he specialised in private law.

Private law
Private law is the part of a legal system that governs interactions between individual persons. It is distinguished from public law, which deals with relationships between both natural and artificial persons (i.e., organizations) and the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law and other law that affects the public order. In general terms, private law involves interactions between private individuals, whereas public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population. In legal systems of the civil law tradition, it is that part of the jus commune that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts and torts (as it is called in the common law tradition), and the law of obligations (as it is called in the civil law tradition).
Oliver Sorg
Oliver Sorg (born 29 May 1990) is a German professional footballer who plays as a right back. Since 2021, he is without a club. A veteran of three relegations from and one promotion to the Bundesliga, Sorg has played four seasons at SC Freiburg and four seasons at Hannover 96. He also earned a cap for Germany in 2014.

SC Freiburg
Sport-Club Freiburg e.V., commonly known as SC Freiburg (German pronunciation: [ʔɛs ˈtseː ˈfʁaɪbʊɐ̯k]), is a German professional football club, based in the city of Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg. It plays in the Bundesliga, having been promoted as champions from the 2. Bundesliga in 2016.

Between 1954 and 2021, Freiburg's stadium was the Dreisamstadion; the club moved to the newly built Europa-Park Stadion in 2021.
Joe Mokwa
Joseph J. Mokwa was appointed St. Louis' 32nd Chief of the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department. He was an officer for 37 years in the Metropolitan Police Department, City of St. Louis, and started his 7½ year tenure of police commissioner in 2001. Mokwa retired amidst controversy in late July 2008.

St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department
The Metropolitan Police Department – City of St. Louis (also known as the SLMPD or St. Louis Police) is the primary law enforcement agency for the city of St. Louis, Missouri.

According to the Mapping Police Violence dataset, SLMPD has the highest police use of deadly force per capita. The SLMPD union has strongly resisted attempts to establish independent oversight of police misconduct. When Kimberly Gardner, the top prosecutor in St. Louis, sought to establish a unit within her office to independently investigate police misconduct, the leader of the SLMPD union said Gardner should be removed "by force or by choice."
Tim Welsh
Tim Welsh (born October 4, 1960) is an American college basketball coach and the former head basketball coach at Providence College.  Previously, he served as the head coach at Iona College. He also served briefly as head men's basketball coach at Hofstra University.  He now serves as an analyst for ESPN.

Providence College
Providence College is a private Catholic university in Providence, Rhode Island. Founded in 1917 by the Dominican Order and the Diocese of Providence, it offers 47 undergraduate majors and 17 graduate programs.

The college requires all of its undergraduate students to complete 16 credits in the Development of Western Civilization, a major part of the college's core curriculum. In the spring of 2021, it enrolled 4,128 undergraduate students and 688 graduate students for a total enrollment of 4,816 students. In athletics, Providence College competes in NCAA Division I, and is a founding member of the original Big East Conference and Hockey East. It was part of the original six other basketball-centric Catholic colleges which broke off from the original Big East (today's American Athletic Conference) to form the current Big East at the start of the 2013–14 academic year.
Cumberland rum nicky
Cumberland rum nicky is a sweet shortcrust pastry tart or pie, commonly filled with dates and stem ginger, flavoured with rum, and sweetened with brown sugar. Rum nickies are associated with the historic county of Cumberland (now part of Cumbria) in northwest England, and the ingredients used in their manufacture reflect the county's former significance as a major import and trading centre for products of the UK's Caribbean colonies. As with many traditional foodstuffs, the precise list of ingredients can vary between different cooks and recipes, with currants and cinnamon being common additions or substitutions.

Shortcrust pastry
Shortcrust is a type of pastry often used for the base of a tart, quiche, pie, or (in the British English sense) flan. Shortcrust pastry can be used to make both sweet and savory pies such as apple pie, quiche, lemon meringue or chicken pie.

A sweetened version – using butter – is used in making spritz cookies.

Shortcrust pastry recipes usually call for twice as much flour as fat by weight. Fat (as lard, shortening, butter or traditional margarine) is rubbed into plain flour to create a loose mixture that is then bound using a small amount of ice water, rolled out, then shaped and placed to create the top or bottom of a pie. Often, equal amounts of butter and lard are used to make the pastry, ensuring that the combined weight of the two fat products is still half that of the flour. The butter is employed to give the pastry a rich flavor, while the lard ensures optimum texture.