hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline
The Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline (Azerbaijani: Transxəzər boru xətti, Turkmen: Transhazar turbaly geçiriji) is a proposed subsea pipeline between Türkmenbaşy in Turkmenistan, and Baku in Azerbaijan. According to some proposals it would also include a connection between the Tengiz Field in Kazakhstan, the Sangachal Terminal in Baku, and Türkmenbaşy. The Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline project would transport natural gas from Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan to European Union member countries, circumventing both Russia and Iran. It would do this by feeding the Southern Gas Corridor. This project attracts significant interest since it would connect vast Turkmen gas resources to major consumers Turkey and Europe.

Southern Gas Corridor
The Southern Gas Corridor is an initiative of the European Commission for a natural gas supply route from Caspian and Middle Eastern regions to Europe, proposed in 2008. The goal of the Southern Gas Corridor is to reduce Europe's dependency on Russian gas and add diverse sources of energy supply. The route from Azerbaijan to Europe consists of the South Caucasus Pipeline, the Trans-Anatolian Pipeline, and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline. The total investment of this route is estimated US$35 billion. The main supply source would be the Shah Deniz gas field, located in the Caspian Sea.
AirAsia Japan
AirAsia Japan  was the name of two incarnations of a Japanese low-cost airline, which had operated as a joint venture between the Malaysian AirAsia and Japanese partners.

AirAsia Japan's first incarnation was founded in July 2011, and was based at Tokyo's Narita International Airport until the airline ceased operations during October 2013, rebranding as Vanilla Air. AirAsia Japan's second incarnation was founded in July 2014, with its base of operations at Nagoya's Chubu Centrair International Airport. On 5 October 2020, the airline ceased operations due to low passenger demand caused by impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Chubu Centrair International Airport
Chubu Centrair International Airport (中部国際空港, Chūbu Kokusai Kūkō) (IATA: NGO, ICAO: RJGG) is an international airport on an artificial island in Ise Bay, 35 km (22 mi) south of Nagoya in central Japan (Chūbu). The airport covers about 470 hectares (1,161 acres) of land and has one 3,500 m (11,500 ft) runway.

The name "Centrair" (セントレア, Sentorea) is an abbreviation of "Central Japan International Airport", an alternate translation used in the English name of the airport's operating company, Central Japan International Airport Co., Ltd. (中部国際空港株式会社, Chūbu Kokusai Kūkō Kabushiki-gaisha).
Extremal optimization
Extremal optimization (EO) is an optimization heuristic inspired by the Bak–Sneppen model of self-organized criticality from the field of statistical physics. This heuristic was designed initially to address combinatorial optimization problems such as the travelling salesman problem and spin glasses, although the technique has been demonstrated to function in optimization domains.

Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization  that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set. Typical combinatorial optimization problems are the travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously mentioned, exhaustive search is not tractable, and so specialized algorithms that quickly rule out large parts of the search space or approximation algorithms must be resorted to instead.

Combinatorial optimization is related to operations research, algorithm theory, and computational complexity theory. It has important applications in several fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, auction theory, software engineering, VLSI, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science.
Gerrit Kruize
Gerrit Kruize (May 2, 1923 – May 11, 2009) was an American field hockey player who competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He was born in the Netherlands but immigrated to the United States and became a US citizen on June 23, 1955, in White Plains, NY. His brother Roepie and nephews Hans, Hidde and Ties were Dutch Olympic field hockey players.

Roepie Kruize
Jan Hendrik "Roepie" Kruize (18 January 1925 in Heemstede – 14 February 1992 in The Hague) was a former field hockey player from the Netherlands. He was one of the Netherlands's most famous players in the years following World War II. Kruize won the bronze medal with the Dutch Men's Team at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, followed by the silver medal, four years later in Helsinki.
Charles Pillman
Charles Henry "Cherry" Pillman  MC (8 January 1890 – 13 November 1955) was an English rugby union international who played on 18 occasions for his country and was part of the first official British Isles team that toured South Africa in 1910. He played club rugby with Blackheath and county rugby for Kent. Pillman's speed and tactics made him one of the leading exponents of an attacking wing forward, now recognised as the flanker position.

Blackheath F.C.
51°27′29″N 0°02′46″E﻿ / ﻿51.458°N 0.046°E﻿ / 51.458; 0.046

Blackheath Football Club is a rugby union club based in Well Hall, Eltham, in south-east London. The club was founded in Blackheath in 1858 and is the oldest open rugby club in continuous existence in the world. The Blackheath club also assisted in organising the world's first rugby international (between England and Scotland in Edinburgh on 27 March 1871) and hosted the first international between England and Wales ten years later – the players meeting and getting changed at the Princess of Wales public house. Blackheath, along with Civil Service F.C., is one of the two clubs that can claim to be a founder member of both The Football Association and the Rugby Football Union.

The club currently plays in National League 1, the third tier of the English rugby union system, with matches played at Well Hall after a move from Rectory Field in Blackheath at the end of the 2015–16 season.
Chinna Thambi (elephant)
Chinna Thambi (or Chinnathambi), which means "younger brother" in Tamil, is a kumki elephant from India. Formerly a rogue crop-raider, he was captured by forest officials in Coimbatore south Tamilnadu and translocated to kraal at Varakaliyar elephant camp near Topslip. He escaped and walked more than 100 km (62 mi) back to the place where he had been captured in search of his family. This elephant was both loved and feared by the villagers.

Kumki (elephant)
Kumki (Koomkie, Koonki or Kunki; known as Thāppāna in Malayalam) is a term used in India for trained captive Asian elephants used in operations to trap wild elephants, sometimes to rescue or to provide medical treatment to an injured or trapped wild elephant. Kumkis are used for capturing, calming and herding wild elephants or to lead wild elephants away in conflict situations. In such cases the training process aims at preserving some of the wild dominant character in them, so that they can control wild elephants by force if necessary. When wild elephants enter human settlements and kumkis are used to drive them away, sometimes direct physical contact might not be needed since the territorial behaviour is aided by scent and other communication between animals.

Some Kumki are particularly trained to follow the "foot commands" from their mahouts and to move silently during the entire capturing operation.
Pamulinawen Festival
Pamulinawen festival, came from the name of a woman made popular in the popular Ilocano folk song  Pamulinawen. The festival is celebrated in the city of Laoag, Ilocos Norte to promote camaraderie and sportsmanship.

Laoag
Laoag ([laʊˈag]), officially the City of Laoag (Ilocano: Siudad ti Laoag; Filipino: Lungsod ng Laoag), is a  component city and capital of the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines.  According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 112,117 people.

It is the province's most populous settlement, as well as its political, commercial, and industrial hub. The Ilocos Region's busiest commercial airport is also built in Laoag. It is also the northernmost city in the Philippines.

The municipalities of San Nicolas, Paoay, Sarrat, Piddig, Vintar, and Bacarra form its boundaries. The foothills of the Cordillera Central mountain range to the east, and the South China Sea to the west are its physical boundaries.

Laoag experiences a prevailing monsoon climate of Northern Luzon, characterized by a dry season from November to April and a wet season from May to October. Despite being battered by powerful typhoons occasionally, Laoag can still be referred to as the "Sunshine City".
1933 Nice Grand Prix
The 1933 Nice Grand Prix (officially the II Grand Prix de Nice) was a Grand Prix motor race held at Nice on Sunday, 6 August 1933.

Compared to the relatively small 1932 Nice Circuit Race the 1933 race was a serious Grand Prix with almost all the best known drivers of the time in competition. The street course followed the best known roads in the famous holiday resort, up and down the Promenade des Anglaise (with a 1.4 km straight allowing speeds up to 200 km/h to be reached), the Avenue Verdun, around the Place Masséna, Avenue des Phocéens and Quai des Etats Unis. In common with several other Grand Prix in 1933 the grid starting positions were decided according to practice times. Tazio Nuvolari had his third consecutive Grand Prix win.

1932 Nice Circuit Race
The 1932 Nice Circuit Race (officially the I Circuit de Vitesse de Nice) was a Grand Prix motor race held at Nice on 31 July 1932. The 15 lap final followed 2 heats of 10 laps and a third heat of 15 laps.
Frederick Augustus Ross
Frederick Augustus Ross (December 25, 1796 – April 13, 1883) was a Presbyterian New School clergyman in both Kingsport, Tennessee, and Huntsville, Alabama, slave owner, publisher and pro-slavery author of the book Slavery As Ordained of God (1857).

American singer Diana Ross's great-grandfather, Frederick Ross, was born on the Rotherwood plantation.

Kingsport, Tennessee
Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It lies along the Holston River and had a population of 55,442 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had 307,613 residents in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.

Kingsport was chartered in 1822. The city's name is a simplification of King's Port, originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King's Boat Yard, the head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley. Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the "Mountain Empire" in southwest Virginia and northeastern Tennessee.
Mershops Town Center at Aurora
Mershops Town Center at Aurora (formerly known as Aurora Mall and Town Center at Aurora) is an enclosed, two-level regional shopping center located in Aurora, Colorado, and covers a leasable area over 1 million square feet.  It lies at the center of the commercial and retail district in the area, adjacent to Aurora City Square, Aurora City Place, and Aurora Park Shopping Center, a strip mall. The commercial district itself is located in central Aurora, and the mall's primary trade area includes a mostly suburban, middle-income demographic.

Anchor stores and major tenants at the mall are Dillard's (originally The Denver, became May-D&F in 1987, then Foley's in 1993), Macy's (originally May-D&F, became May-D&F Men's in 1987, then Foley's Men's in 1993, then a full-line Foley's in 2005), JCPenney, Century Theatres, and Fieldhouse USA (originally Sears).

Dillard's
Dillard's, Inc. is an American department store chain founded in 1938 by William T. Dillard. It is headquartered in Little Rock, Arkansas, and operates approximately 272 stores in 30 states. Currently, the largest number of stores are located in Texas with 57 and Florida with 42.
Tannersville Cranberry Bog
The Tannersville Cranberry Bog or Cranberry Swamp is a sphagnum bog on the Cranberry Creek in Tannersville, Pocono Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.  It is the southernmost boreal bog east of the Mississippi River, containing many black spruce and tamarack trees at the southern limit of their ranges.  Technically, it can be classed as an acid fen, as it receives some groundwater flow.  The site was designated a National Natural Landmark in December 1974.  It was purchased by The Nature Conservancy and the Conservation and Research Foundation in  1957.  Like many bogs, its terrain presents an image of solidity, but a liquid mass of decaying peat lies beneath a six-inch (152 mm)  layer of sphagnum and a network of supporting tree roots.  However, this bog may be viewed from a floating walkway.

Picea mariana
Picea mariana, the black spruce, is a North American species of spruce tree in the pine family. It is widespread across Canada, found in all 10 provinces and all 3 territories. It is the official tree of Newfoundland and Labrador and is that province's most abundant tree. Its range extends into northern parts of the United States: in Alaska, the Great Lakes region, and the upper Northeast. It is a frequent part of the biome known as taiga or boreal forest.

The Latin specific epithet mariana means "of the Virgin Mary".
HM Prison Inverness
HM Prison Inverness, also known as Porterfield Prison (Prìosan Uch a' Phortair), is located in the Crown area of Inverness, Scotland, and serves the courts of the Highlands and Islands. It covers all the courts in the Western Isles as well as courts from Fort William, Wick and Elgin. The prison houses both adult and young remand prisoners, convicted adults serving up to four years, and other prisoners awaiting to go to another prison or needing management support, tending to be serving long sentences up to life imprisonment.

The prison in October 2024 was governed by Scott Watson; designed to hold 103 prisoners, the average population was 117.

Gangster Jimmy Boyle was a notorious prisoner at Porterfield, severely disruptive and often in the "cages" whose only facility was a concrete block to sleep on. His life was transformed after he was transferred to the "special unit" in Barlinnie Prison, where he was rehabilitated and became a respected artist after his release.

HM Prison Barlinnie
HM Prison Barlinnie is the largest prison in Scotland. It is operated by the Scottish Prison Service and is located in the residential suburb of Riddrie, in the northeast of Glasgow, Scotland. It is informally known locally as The Big Hoose, Bar and Bar-L. In 2018, plans for its closure were announced.
Bruno Sroka
Bruno Sroka (born 9 June 1976) is a French kitesurfer. Born in Clamart, Sroka began windsurfing when he was two years old. In 1998, Sroka arrived in Brest and took up kitesurfing, intrigued by the new sport. He had a successful career and went on to achieve many titles, becoming a three-time World Cup champion. Sroka also broke several milestones in the sport: he became the first to kitesurf the Cape Horn in 2008 and from France to Ireland in 2013.

Clamart
Clamart (French pronunciation: [klamaʁ] ⓘ) is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 8.7 km (5.4 mi) from the centre of Paris.

The town is divided into two parts, separated by a forest: bas Clamart, the historical centre, and petit Clamart with urbanization developed in the 1960s replacing pea fields. The canton of Clamart includes only a part of the commune. The other part of the commune belongs to the canton of Le Plessis-Robinson.
Augustine Warner Sr.
Augustine Warner Sr. (September 28, 1611 – December 24, 1674) emigrated to the Virginia colony where he became a merchant, then major planter and politician. Warner served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, and became the progenitor of a prominent colonial family, with his son and heir Augustine Warner Jr. also serving as Speaker of the House of Burgesses.  Augustine and Mary Townley Warner have the distinction of being the direct ancestors of Queen Elizabeth II, George Washington, Meriwether Lewis, Gen. Robert E. Lee, and Gen. George S. Patton.

Meriwether Lewis
Meriwether Lewis (August 18, 1774 – October 11, 1809) was an American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark.
Their mission was to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase, establish trade with, and sovereignty over the natives near the Missouri River, and claim the Pacific Northwest and Oregon Country for the United States before European nations. They also collected scientific data and information on indigenous nations. President Thomas Jefferson appointed him Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1806. He died in 1809 of gunshot wounds, in what was either a murder or suicide.
Ruaridh MacKenzie
Ruaridh Mackenzie (born 10 August 1995) is a Scottish rugby union player who plays for Glasgow Warriors in the Number Eight or Flanker positions.

Born in Scotland, Mackenzie moved to New Zealand at only 3 months old when his parents emigrated there to run a beef and crop farm in the Amuri Plains in North Canterbury. His father is former Scotland international Gregor MacKenzie, now a farmer.

Growing up in New Zealand, Mackenzie went to  Christchurch Boys' High School. He played for the school's rugby team.

In 2014 he went to Bond University in Australia, where he played for the university rugby team and Queensland Reds U20.

On 18 October 2016 it was announced that he had signed with Glasgow Warriors.

His contract is that of a partnership contract between Glasgow Warriors and Ayr. This means when he is not in use for the Warriors, Mackenzie

plays for Ayr.

He made his debut for Ayr in a 39 - 13 win over Glasgow Hawks at Millbrae on 15 October 2016.

Glasgow Warriors
The Glasgow Warriors are a professional rugby union side from Scotland. The team plays in the United Rugby Championship league and in the European Professional Club Rugby tournaments. In the 2014–15 season they won the Pro12 title and became the first Scottish team to win a major trophy in rugby union's professional era. In 2023–24 they became the first Scottish side to win the United Rugby Championship in its current form. The side is known for its fast, dynamic and attacking style of play, using offloads and quick rucks. Defensively the club prides itself on its 'Fortress Scotstoun' where the club play at home.
Obscurity (band)
Obscurity is a German melodic death/black metal band with strong Viking metal influences hailing from Velbert, a city in the Bergisches Land in North Rhine-Westphalia. They are one of the early German death, black, Viking, and pagan metal bands.

Bergisches Land
The Bergisches Land (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁɡɪʃəs ˈlant], lit. 'Bergian Land') is a low mountain range in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, east of the Rhine and south of the Ruhr. The landscape is shaped by forests, meadows, rivers and creeks and contains over twenty artificial lakes. Wuppertal is the biggest town, while the southern part has economic and socio-cultural ties to Cologne. Wuppertal and the neighbouring cities of Remscheid and Solingen form the Bergisches Städtedreieck (Berg City Triangle).
Berliner Abendblatt
The Berliner Abendblatt is the leading weekly advertising paper in Berlin, Germany alongside the Berliner Woche and, along with Einkaufaktuell, one of the three main media for the collective distribution of the weekly brochures of retail chains in Berlin.

The circulation of 1.45 million copies is distributed in 23 local editions within Berlin. The distribution takes place every weekend to numerous Berlin households in the "economically attractive core areas"."

The Berliner Abendblatt belongs to the Berliner Verlag, which also published the Berliner Zeitung in former times, and its editorial line shows a coloration that is close to the Left or currently close to the politics of the Berlin Senate.

Senate of Berlin
The Senate of Berlin (German: Senat von Berlin; unofficially: Berliner Senat) is the executive body governing the city of Berlin, which at the same time is a state of Germany.  According to the Constitution of Berlin the Senate consists of the Governing Mayor of Berlin and up to ten senators appointed by the governing mayor, two of whom are appointed (deputy) mayors.  The Senate meets weekly at the Rotes Rathaus (Red Town Hall).
Mike Meyers (outfielder)
Michael Meyers (born December 28, 1993) is an American former professional baseball outfielder who currently serves as a scout for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (MLB).

Meyers played shortstop for Silverado High School in Las Vegas, where he was voted to the 2012 Louisville Slugger Pre-Season High School First Team All-America team and 2012 First Team Nevada All-State. Meyers was drafted in the 12th round of the 2012 Major League Baseball draft by the Boston Red Sox.

His 9 triples in 2014 led the New York-Penn League, and set a new Lowell Spinners record. In July 2015, he was Red Sox Minor League Base Runner of the Month.

Meyers played center field for Israel at the 2017 World Baseball Classic qualifier in September 2016, and played for Team Israel at the 2017 World Baseball Classic in the main tournament.

Hillerich & Bradsby
Hillerich & Bradsby Company (H&B) is an American manufacturing company located in Louisville, Kentucky, that produces baseball bats for Wilson Sporting Goods, which commercializes them under the "Louisville Slugger" brand.

The company also operates the Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory in downtown Louisville, and produces gloves for sports such as golf, cycling, fitness, and gardening under the "Bionic Gloves" brand.

Until 2015, H&B owned the "Louisville Slugger" brand. In that year they sold it to Wilson, although their factory still makes the baseball bats bearing that name.
Bonnie Bonnell
Bonnie Bonnell (August 1, 1905 – March 14, 1964) was an actress who played "straight woman" in seven early short comedies, most of which featured the Three Stooges when they worked with Ted Healy, between 1933 and 1934.

Ted Healy
Ted Healy (born Charles Ernest Lee Nash; October 1, 1896 – December 21, 1937) was an American vaudeville performer, comedian, and actor. Though he is chiefly remembered as the creator of The Three Stooges and the style of slapstick comedy that they later made famous, he had a successful stage and film career of his own and was cited as a formative influence by several later comedy stars.
Andriy Pyvovarsky
Andriy Mykolayovych Pyvovarsky (Ukrainian: Андрій Миколайович Пивоварський) is a Ukrainian businessman and a former Minister of Infrastructure of Ukraine. He did not retain his post in the Groysman Government that was installed on 14 April 2016.

Ministry of Infrastructure (Ukraine)
The Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство інфраструктури України) functions as the main executive body that controls Ukraine's transportation infrastructure including roads, trains, and communications. The department is based on the former Transport and Communications Ministry and also oversees the implementation of government tourism policies.