hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diamond battery
Diamond battery is the name of a nuclear battery concept proposed by the University of Bristol Cabot Institute during its annual lecture held on 25 November 2016 at the Wills Memorial Building. This battery is proposed to run on the radioactivity of waste graphite blocks (previously used as neutron moderator material in graphite-moderated reactors) and would generate small amounts of electricity for thousands of years.

The battery is a betavoltaic cell using carbon-14 (14C) in the form of diamond-like carbon (DLC) as the beta radiation source, and additional normal-carbon DLC to make the necessary semiconductor junction and encapsulate the carbon-14.

Graphite-moderated reactor
"Graphite reactor" directs here. For the graphite reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, see X-10 Graphite Reactor.

A graphite-moderated reactor is a nuclear reactor that uses carbon as a neutron moderator, which allows natural uranium to be used as nuclear fuel.

The first artificial nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, used nuclear graphite as a moderator. Graphite-moderated reactors were involved in two of the best-known nuclear disasters: an untested graphite annealing process contributed to the Windscale fire (but the graphite itself did not catch fire), while a graphite fire during the Chernobyl disaster contributed to the spread of radioactive material.
National Highway 275K (India)
National Highway 275K (NH 275K) is a national highway in India. It is a secondary route of National Highway 75.  NH-275K runs in the state of Karnataka in India. This national highway forms the Mysore Ring Road around Mysore city.its old name is National Highway 75.

National Highway 75 (India)
National Highway 75 (NH 75) is one of the major National Highway in India. passing through states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. This national highway was earlier known as National Highway 48 (NH-48) before rationalisation of highway numbers in 2010. The highway connects the port city of Mangaluru (Mangalore) in the west to the city of Vellore in the east. National highway 75 is the main road for travellers from Mangaluru going to Bengaluru and Hassan. NH-75 traverses all three geographical regions of Karnataka state namely Karavali, Malenadu and Bayaluseeme.
1975 U.S. National Indoor Tennis Championships
The 1975 U.S. National Indoor Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament held at the Wicomico Youth and Civic Center in Salisbury, Maryland. The event was part of the 1975 USLTA-IPA Indoor Circuit. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from February 10 through February 16, 1975, and played on indoor carpet courts. Second-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title and earned $9,000 first-prize money.

Jimmy Connors
James Scott Connors (born September 2, 1952) is an American former professional tennis player as well as an author, a tennis commentator, and a coach. He was ranked as the world No. 1 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for 268 weeks (fifth-most of all time), and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. Known for his fiery competitiveness, Connors holds three prominent Open Era men's singles records: 109 titles, 1,557 matches played, and 1,274 match wins. His titles include eight singles majors (an Open Era joint-record five US Opens, two Wimbledons, one Australian Open) and three year-end championships. In 1974, he became the second man in the Open Era to win three major titles in a calendar year; he was not permitted to participate in the fourth, the French Open. His playing career ended in 1996.
Emma Sadler Moss
Emma Sadler Moss (1898–1970) was an American pathologist and medical educator. She specialized in parasitology, tropical, and mycotic diseases. She was president of the American Society for Clinical Pathology in 1955 and 1956. She was the first woman to serve as president of a major medical society in the United States. She was a professor at the Louisiana State University School of Medicine and served as director of pathology at Charity Hospital in New Orleans for 30 years. She co-authored the 1953 book Atlas of Medical Mycology.

LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans
LSU Health New Orleans is a public university focused on the health sciences and located in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is part of the LSU System and is the home of six schools (including one of two LSU medical schools), 12 centers of excellence, and two patient care clinics. Due to Hurricane Katrina, the School of Dentistry was temporarily located in Baton Rouge but has since returned to its campus in New Orleans. As a public university, it mostly accepts residents of the state of Louisiana with the exception of combined M.D./Ph.D. students and also children of alumni.
Zhang Wufeng
Zhang Wufeng (Chinese: 张务锋; born October 1960) is a former Chinese politician who served as director of the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration from 2018 to 2022. As of June 2022 he was under investigation by China's top anti-corruption agency.

He was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress. He was a representative of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a member of the 19th CCP Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration
The National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration (Chinese: 国家粮食和物资储备局) is a deputy ministerial-level national agency administered by the National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China. Its mandate is to stockpile strategic resources and intervene in markets using this stockpile when necessary.: 218
Urine therapy
Urine therapy or urotherapy, (also urinotherapy, Shivambu, uropathy, or auto-urine therapy) in alternative medicine, and amaroli in medieval hatha yoga, is the application of human urine for medicinal or cosmetic purposes, including drinking of one's own urine and massaging one's skin, or gums, with one's own urine. No scientific evidence exists to support any beneficial health claims of urine therapy.

Urophagia
Urophagia is the consumption of urine. Urine was consumed in several ancient cultures for various health, healing, and cosmetic purposes. People have been known to drink urine in extreme cases of water scarcity; however numerous sources, including the US Army Field Manual, advise against it. Urine may also be consumed as a sexual activity.

Some male animals taste their female counterpart's urine to test fertility.
Walter Liebenthal
Walter Liebenthal
(12 June 1886 – 15 November 1982) was a German philosopher and sinologist who specialized in Chinese Buddhism. He translated many philosophical works from Pali, Sanskrit and specially from Chinese into German. Based upon his extensive research in Indian Buddhism and Chinese religion, one of his main conclusions was that early Chinese Buddhism through Ch'an (Zen-) was not a Chinese version of Indian Buddhism, but rather, that it developed from Taoism, a  Chinese religion. Indian concepts are present, but at the core it represents a Chinese perspective.

Alexander von Staël-Holstein
Alexander Wilhelm Freiherr Staël von Holstein (Chinese: 鋼和泰, 20 December 1876 in Testama manor, Livonia, Russian Empire – 16 March 1937 in Beiping, China) was a Baltic German aristocrat, Russian and Estonian orientalist, sinologist, and Sanskritologist specializing in Buddhist texts.
Rutog Town
The Rutog Town (Tibetan: རུ་ཐོང་གྲོང་རྡལ, ZWPY: Rutog Chongdai),
called Rituzhen in Chinese (Chinese: 日土镇 ; pinyin: Rìtǔ zhèn), 
is a town and the seat of Rutog County in the far western Tibet Autonomous Region. It is also a major military base for China near the disputed border with India allowing it to press its claims militarily.

The town was built around in 1999 by the Chinese administration of Tibet on the China National Highway 219. Prior to that, the seat of the county was at Rudok or Rutog Dzong, about 10 km northwest, which had been its capital for more than a thousand years.

The new Rutog Town is located 120 kilometres by road northwest of Shiquanhe (also called Ali or Ngari) and 10 kilometres south of Lake Pangong. The town has a population of about 1000 people.

Tibetan pinyin
The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Standard Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin or ZWPY (Chinese: 藏文拼音; pinyin: Zàngwén Pīnyīn), is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in China. It is based on the pronunciation used by China National Radio's Tibetan Radio, which is based on the Lhasa dialect. It has been used within China and international cartographic products as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script since 1982.

Tibetan pinyin is a phonetic transcription, and as such its spelling is tied to actual pronunciation (although tone is not marked). Wylie on the other hand is a transliteration system, where mechanical conversion to and from Tibetan and Latin script is possible. Within academic circles, Wylie transliteration (with a v replacing the apostrophe) is more commonly used.
John Walter Roberts
Captain John Walter Roberts (1792 – 2 October 1845) was a Royal Navy officer who served during the Napoleonic Wars and in the subsequent peace. Supported by his uncle, the Royal Navy officer Sir John Gore, Roberts served as a junior officer on ships in the English Channel and Mediterranean Sea before being promoted to commander in 1814. He received his first command, HMS Shearwater, in 1820, serving at St Helena as well as off the coast of Africa where he made an aborted attempt to find the missionary Heinrich Schmelen in 1821.

Roberts took command of HMS Thracian in 1822, serving on the West Indies Station. Sent to hunt for pirates off Cuba, on 31 March 1823 boats from Thracian and HMS Tyne captured the pirate ship Zaragozana. Roberts was subsequently given command of Tyne and rewarded for his part in the capture with promotion to captain later in the year. He received no further commands in the Royal Navy after decommissioning Tyne, and died, still a captain, in 1845.

Commander (Royal Navy)
Commander (Cdr) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom.  It is immediately junior to captain and immediately senior to the rank of lieutenant commander.  Officers holding the junior rank of lieutenant commander are not considered to be commanders.
Morchella dunensis
Morchella dunensis, the morel of the dunes, is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota). It was first described as a form of Morchella esculenta by Castañera and colleagues in 1996, but was later recombined as a distinct species by Clowez. In a 2014 study by Richard and colleagues, the authors concluded that the taxon was conspecific to Morchella vulgaris, due to its close phylogenetic proximity to the latter. However, following increased molecular sampling and  the testing of an isoparatype collection by Loizides and colleagues in 2016, it was revealed that M. dunensis is indeed very closely related to, but phylogenetically distinct from M. vulgaris. This study also showed that the taxon Morchella andalusiae is phylogenetically identical and therefore a later synonym of M. dunensis.

Morchella dunensis is notable for its xerophilic, Mediterranean ecology and distribution, often found on coastal dunes and bare, well-drained soil.

Morchella vulgaris
Morchella vulgaris is a widespread fungus of the family Morchellaceae (Ascomycota). It was originally described in 1801 as a form of the common yellow morel (Morchella esculenta) by mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon, but was later recombined as a distinct species by Samuel Gray.

Owing to its high morphological plasticity, its taxonomical status had long been in flux, sometimes treated as a variety of, or conspecific to Morchella esculenta, while at the same time several forms and varieties of M. vulgaris itself have been described. An extensive phylogenetic and nomenclatural study by Richard and colleagues in 2014, confirmed the status of Morchella vulgaris as a distinct species, and resolved several of its synonymities.

This species is characterised by the predominantly grey colours of its cap and "blistered", highly irregular appearance of its ridges and pits.
Hasanuzzaman Khan Bablu
Hasanuzzaman Khan Bablu (Bengali: হাসানুজ্জামান খান বাবলু; born 5 May 1955) is a retired Bangladeshi football player and coach. At the club level, Bablu is most well known for representing Gopibagh-based Brothers Union. In domestic football, he has scored 75 goals including a hat-trick. Bablu also represented the Bangladesh national team in the 1980 AFC Asian Cup and played for his country between 1975 and 1982. After retiring, he managed the national team as an interim in 2000, 2003 and 2006.

1980 AFC Asian Cup
The 1980 AFC Asian Cup was the 7th edition of the men's AFC Asian Cup, a quadrennial international football tournament organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The finals were hosted by Kuwait between 15 and 30 September 1980. The field of ten teams was split into two groups of five each. Kuwait won their first championship, beating South Korea in the final 3–0.
América Frías
Andrea América Frías (born 19 January 2004) is a professional footballer who plays as a attacking midfielder for Liga MX Femenil club Cruz Azul. Born and raised in the United States, she represents Mexico internationally.

Liga MX Femenil
Liga MX Femenil, officially named as Liga BBVA MX Femenil for sponsorship reasons, is a professional association football league and the highest level of women's football in Mexico. Supervised by the Federación Mexicana de Fútbol, it has 18 participating teams, each coinciding with a Liga MX club.

Following the same schedule as the men's league, each season consist of two tournaments: an Apertura tournament, which takes place from July to December, and a Clausura tournament, which takes place from January to May.

Tigres UANL is the most successful team with 7 titles, followed by Monterrey with 4 titles, Guadalajara and América with two titles each, and Pachuca with one title. In all, only these five clubs have won the Liga MX Femenil at least once.

The current champions are Tigres UANL who defeated Club America with a 4–3 aggregate score in the Apertura 2025 final in November 2025.
Svenska Aero
Svenska Aero AB (full name: Svenska Aero Aktiebolaget, lit. 'Swedish Aero Limited', abbr. SA) was a Swedish aircraft manufacturer on Hästholmen in Lidingö. The company was founded September 10, 1921, to license build Caspar-Werke and Heinkel aircraft. The company was bought by ASJA in 1932.

AB Svenska Järnvägsverkstädernas Aeroplanavdelning
AB Svenska Järnvägsverkstädernas Aeroplanavdelning (English: Swedish Railroad Workshops' Air Plane Department), commonly shortened to ASJA, was a Swedish aircraft manufacturing company.

Based in Linköping, Sweden, it was established during late 1930 as a subsidiary venture of the industrial conglomerate AB Svenska Järnvägsverkstäderna (English: Swedish Railway Workshops Co). production activity centred around licensed production of aircraft designed by other companies, but it also pursued its own designs, such as the ASJA L1 Viking and ASJA Viking II. In 1936, ASJA held discussions with Bofors towards creating a common company for design and manufacturing of aircraft; on 31 March 1937, the two companies formed the short-lived AB Förenade Flygverkstäder (AFF).  During 1939, ASJA was acquired and integrated into a new entity, Svenska Aeroplan AB (more commonly known as Saab).
Sherman Creek Generating Station
40°51′34″N 73°55′11″W﻿ / ﻿40.8594°N 73.9198°W﻿ / 40.8594; -73.9198﻿ (Sherman Creek Generating Station (demolished))
The Sherman Creek Generating Station was a coal-fired power plant built by the United Electric Light and Power Company in New York City, on Manhattan Island at 201st Street and the Harlem River.  The station supplied power to many customers, including the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad via the West Farms Substation.

The station site was bounded by 201st Street to the north, the Harlem River to the East, and Sherman Creek to the South.  United Electric Light and Power was later absorbed into Consolidated Edison, and the station was demolished.  The site is now occupied by an enclosed ConEd substation.

Aerial photo (says 1951)

Harlem River
The Harlem River is an 8-mile (13 km) tidal strait in New York City, flowing between the Hudson River and the East River. It separates the island of Manhattan from the Bronx on the United States mainland.

The northern stretch, also called the Spuyten Duyvil ("spewing devil") Creek, has been significantly altered for navigation purposes. Originally it curved around the north of Marble Hill, but in 1895 the Harlem Ship Canal was dug between Manhattan and Marble Hill, and in 1914 the original course was filled in.
Triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's
The women's triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics took place at the Odaiba Marine Park in Tokyo on 27 July 2021.

Over the course of the swimming and cycling legs, a select group of seven leading competitors had formed, including Bermudian Flora Duffy, Briton Georgia Taylor-Brown, and American Katie Zaferes. After distancing herself from Zaferes early on during the running leg, Duffy won the race and became Bermuda's first Olympic gold medalist. Taylor-Brown, who had suffered a puncture late in the cycling leg, passed several competitors during the running leg to finish second, over a minute behind Duffy, and claim the silver medal, while Zaferes hung on to complete the podium and claim the bronze medal.

Katie Zaferes
Katie Zaferes (née Hursey) is an American professional triathlete from Hampstead, Maryland. She earned a silver and bronze medal for the United States in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic triathlon held in 2021. She is also the 2019 ITU World Triathlon Series women's champion. She has placed second overall in the 2018 ITU World Triathlon Series and third in the 2017 ITU World Triathlon Series. Zaferes won both the 2018 and 2019 Super League Triathlon Championship Series. She finished in 3rd position in the series in 2021.
Kate Garraway
Kathryn Mary Draper-Garraway MBE (born 4 May 1967) is an English broadcaster and journalist. In the 1990s, Garraway was a journalist for ITV News Central and later a co-presenter of ITV News Meridian. From 2000 to 2010, she co-presented GMTV. Currently, Garraway is the presenter of Mid Mornings with Kate Garraway on Smooth Radio and newsreader (on Thursdays) and co-anchor (on Fridays) of the ITV Breakfast programme Good Morning Britain.

Smooth Radio (2014)
Smooth Radio is a network of local radio stations broadcasting on FM and DAB in the United Kingdom. It no longer broadcasts any outlets on AM since the last outlet on medium wave ceased at 1:00pm on Friday 28th February 2025. Smooth Radio previously featured a soft adult contemporary radio format but has introduced more upbeat music since 2023. Launched in March 2014, it replaced the national Smooth Radio that had launched in 2010 on FM and DAB, and most outlets of Gold on AM.

Each FM station broadcasts localised breakfast with networked shows simulcast from London at all other times. Four of the seven FM stations, and the former AM stations, are owned and operated by Global, with the remaining three FM licences owned by Communicorp UK and run as a franchise.

According to RAJAR, the network broadcasts to a combined weekly audience of 7.8 million with a listening share of 4.1% as of July 2025.

In January 2023, Smooth introduced a new logo and slogan, "Always the best music".
Robert Wrenn
Robert Duffield Wrenn (September 20, 1873 – November 12, 1925) was an American left-handed tennis player, four-time U.S. singles championship winner, and one of the first inductees in the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

International Tennis Hall of Fame
The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It honors both players and other contributors to the sport of tennis. The complex, the former Newport Casino, includes a museum, 13 grass tennis courts, an indoor tennis facility with three courts, three outdoor hard courts, one green clay court, a court tennis facility, and a theatre. The International Tennis Hall of Fame is a non-profit organization with the goal of preserving, celebrating, and inspiring the sport of tennis around the world.

The location was the original home of the U.S. National Championships (now called the US Open), established in 1881. Since 1976, the complex has hosted the Hall of Fame Open, a combined men's and women's event, each year in July.
James Nasmyth
James Hall Nasmyth (sometimes spelled Naesmyth, Nasmith, or Nesmyth) (19 August 1808 – 7 May 1890) was a Scottish engineer, philosopher, artist and inventor famous for his development of the steam hammer. He was the co-founder of Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company manufacturers of machine tools.  He retired at the age of 48, and moved to Penshurst, Kent where he developed his hobbies of astronomy and photography.

Penshurst
Penshurst is a historic village and civil parish located in a valley upon the northern slopes of the Kentish Weald, at the confluence of the River Medway and the River Eden, within the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England.

The village is situated between the market town of Tonbridge and the spa town of Royal Tunbridge Wells, some 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Sevenoaks. Penshurst and its neighbouring village, Fordcombe, recorded a combined population of some 1,628 at the 2011 Census.

The majority of the parish falls within the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and the village is itself a conservation zone, with controls on the landscape ensuring the protection of its woodland and fields. There are several listed buildings in the village.

The village is the home of two historic estates. Penshurst Place, formerly owned by King Henry VIII, sits at the centre of the village in the valley, while Swaylands is situated at the top of Rogues Hill on the outskirts of the village.
James Smith (footballer, born 1985)
James Smith (born 17 October 1985) is an English footballer who played for several clubs, including Southport, Altrincham, Stockport County and Telford United, as a defender. He Studied at Haileybury College, and played for Luton Academy, later making over 30 appearances in the Scottish Football League and the Football League.

Altrincham F.C.
Altrincham Football Club is a professional football club based in Altrincham, Greater Manchester, England. Founded in 1891 and nicknamed "the Robins", they are currently members of the National League, the fifth tier of English football, and play at Moss Lane.
Are You Being Served? (film)
Are You Being Served? is a 1977 British comedy film directed by Bob Kellett and written David Croft and Jeremy Lloyd, based on the 1972–85 BBC sitcom of the same name, which follows the staff of the men's and women's clothing departments of the London Grace Brothers department store.

The story is adapted from the successful stage production of the show, which played at Winter Gardens, Blackpool. The film features the performers from the television series, including Mollie Sugden, John Inman, Frank Thornton, Trevor Bannister, Arthur Brough, Wendy Richard, and Nicholas Smith.

The movie was one of the last credits for executive Nat Cohen.

Arthur Brough
Arthur Brough (born Frederick Arthur Baker; 26 February 1905 – 28 May 1978) was a British actor, theatre founder, producer, and director. He is best known for portraying the bumbling senior menswear salesman Ernest Grainger on the BBC TV sitcom Are You Being Served?.