hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Read-only Turing machine
A read-only Turing machine or two-way deterministic finite-state automaton (2DFA) is class of models of computability that behave like a standard Turing machine and can move in both directions across input, except cannot write to its input tape. The machine in its bare form is equivalent to a deterministic finite automaton in computational power, and therefore can only parse a regular language.

Computability
Computability is the ability to solve a problem by an effective procedure. It is a key topic of the field of computability theory within mathematical logic and the theory of computation within computer science. The computability of a problem is closely linked to the existence of an algorithm to solve the problem.

The most widely studied models of computability are the Turing-computable and μ-recursive functions, and the lambda calculus, all of which have computationally equivalent power. Other forms of computability are studied as well: computability notions weaker than Turing machines are studied in automata theory, while computability notions stronger than Turing machines are studied in the field of hypercomputation.
Charles LoPresti
Charles LoPresti (born September 21, 1957) is an American race horse trainer best known as trainer of two-time Breeders' Cup Mile winner and Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year champion Wise Dan, who was also American Champion Older Male Horse and American Champion Male Turf Horse. Unusual for modern American horse trainers, he is based year-round at Keeneland Race Course and does not move his training stable from track to track throughout the year.  He chooses to give his horses time off in the winter and does not race-year-round.

Breeders' Cup Mile
The  Breeders' Cup Mile is a 1-mile (1.6 km) Grade 1 Weight for Age stakes race for thoroughbred racehorses three years old and up, run on a turf course. It has been conducted annually as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships since the event's inception in 1984. All Breeders' Cups to date have been held in the United States except for the 1996 event in Canada.

The purse was raised from $1.5 million US to $2 million in 2007.

Freddy Head has won this race twice as a jockey and three times as a trainer.

There is no official stakes record for the Breeders' Cup Mile as it is run on different racecourses each year, some of which are significantly faster than others. In 2012, Wise Dan set a then-course record at Santa Anita with his time of 1:31.78. Although Tourist ran faster than this with a time of 1:31.71 in 2016, he just missed the current Santa Anita course record of 1:31.69.
Rebecca Sonkiss
Rebecca J. Sonkiss (born c. 1972) is a United States Air Force lieutenant general who serves as the deputy commander of Air Mobility Command. She served as the deputy commander of Air Force Special Operations Command and commander of the 618th Air Operations Center.

In April 2024, Sonkiss was nominated for promotion to lieutenant general and assignment as deputy commander of Air Mobility Command. On 24 July 2024, defense secretary Lloyd Austin announced that then-president Joe Biden had nominated to the grade of lieutenant general: "Air Force Maj. Gen. Rebecca J. Sonkiss for appointment to the grade of lieutenant general with assignment as deputy commander, Air Mobility Command, Scott Air Force Base, Illinois. Sonkiss is currently serving as deputy commander, Air Force Special Operations Command, Hurlburt Field, Florida".

Air Mobility Command
The Air Mobility Command (AMC) is a Major Command (MAJCOM) of the U.S. Air Force. It is headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, east of St. Louis, Missouri, near Mascoutah, Illinois.

Air Mobility Command was established on 1 June 1992 and was formed from elements of the inactivated Military Airlift Command (MAC) and Strategic Air Command (SAC).  AMC melded MAC's worldwide airlift system of primarily C-5 Galaxy, C-141 Starlifter (later replaced by C-17 Globemaster III beginning in 1995), and C-130 Hercules airlift aircraft with SAC's tanker force of KC-135 Stratotanker and KC-10 Extender aerial refueling aircraft, the latter air refueling aircraft having been freed from their strategic nuclear strike commitment to SAC's B-52 Stratofortress and B-1 Lancer bomber fleet by the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.  In 2016, the Air Force Historical Research Agency consolidated the histories of AMC and MAC, extending AMC's lineage back to 1941.
Cheri Oteri
Cheri Oteri (/oʊˈtɛri/; born September 19, 1962) is an American actress and comedian. A Primetime Emmy Award nominee, she is best known for her tenure as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 1995 to 2000.

Chris Kattan
Christopher Lee Kattan (/kəˈtæn/ kə-TAN; born October 19, 1970) is an American actor and comedian. After performing with numerous comedy troupes, including The Groundlings in Los Angeles, he broke through as a regular cast member on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live (1996–2003).

Following his breakout, Kattan had starring roles in the films A Night at the Roxbury (1998), House on Haunted Hill (1999), Monkeybone (2001), Corky Romano (2001), and Undercover Brother (2002). He experienced a career resurgence with a main role as Bob Weaver on the first two seasons of the ABC sitcom The Middle (2009–2011). In the 2010s, Kattan voiced the title character on the Cartoon Network and Boomerang animated series Bunnicula (2016–2018) and had a supporting voice role in the animated comedy film Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015).
Gail King
Gail Sky King (January 14, 1956 – May 16, 2022), also known as Sky King, was an American musician and composer.
She was best known for her work on various children's shows, including Sesame Street as a staff composer, and Ghostwriter as a musical director and composer. She is also known for her work in the music industry, including her work on Vanilla Ice's track "Cool as Ice (Everybody Get Loose)" as a writer and producer.
She was also known for her involvement in juggling clubs, including the International Jugglers' Association, and was typically involved in their workshops and events. King died on May 16, 2022.

International Jugglers' Association
The International Jugglers' Association or IJA is the world's oldest and largest nonprofit circus organization, and is open to members worldwide. It was founded in the United States in 1947, with the goal of providing, "an organization for jugglers that would provide meetings at regular intervals in an atmosphere of mutual friendship." Although its focus lies on juggling, its programs also support other circus disciplines.
Pont de Bir-Hakeim
The Pont de Bir-Hakeim (French: [pɔ̃ d(ə) biʁakɛm]; English: Bridge of Bir Hakeim), named after the 1942 battle in Libya, until 1948 the Pont de Passy ([pɔ̃ d(ə) pasi]; Bridge of Passy), is a steel open spandrel deck arch bridge on stone masonry starlings, which crosses the River Seine in Paris. It connects the 15th and 16th arrondissements, passing over the northeast end of the Île aux Cygnes (the Isle of the Swans). The bridge, made of steel, was constructed between 1903 and 1905, in replacement of a footbridge that had been erected in 1878. The bridge has two levels: one for motor vehicles and pedestrians, the other being a rail viaduct (the Viaduc de Passy) built above the first one, through which passes Line 6 of the Paris Métro. The bridge is 237 metres (778 ft) long and 24.7 metres (81 ft) wide. The part crossing the Grand Bras ('great anabranch') of the Seine (west from the island) is slightly longer than the one crossing the Petit Bras ('small anabranch').

Passy
Passy (French pronunciation: [pasi] ⓘ) is an area of Paris, France, located in the 16th arrondissement, on the Right Bank. It is adjacent to Auteuil to the southwest, and Chaillot to the northeast.

It is home to many of the city's wealthiest residents, hence its informal grouping in the Neuilly-Auteuil-Passy area. Many embassies are based in Passy.
Sainthood Reps
Sainthood Reps is an American indie rock band from Long Island, New York, formed in 2009. Their debut album, Monoculture, was released on Tooth & Nail Records in the summer of 2011 and was produced by Mike Sapone. The band released their second album, Headswell, in October 2013 through No Sleep Records.

No Sleep Records
No Sleep Records was an American independent record label in Huntington Beach, California. They were founded by Chris Hansen in 2006 and have released records by artists including Balance and Composure, La Dispute, and The Wonder Years. They have released free sampler albums on the internet on a number of occasions and the label closely associates itself with vegan lifestyle and the revived interest in vinyl record sales. On June 25, 2024 it was announced that No Sleep Records would be shutting down.
Barre-Montpelier Intercities
The Barre-Montpelier Intercities were a minor league baseball team based in Barre, Vermont, in partnership with neighboring Montpelier. After playing as members of independent leagues in 1904 to 1906, the Barre-Montpelier Intercities played as members of two leagues in 1907. The Intercities were in first place in both the 1907 New Hampshire State and Vermont State League standings when the leagues permanently folded during the 1907 season.

Montpelier played in the 1887 Northeastern League, Barre hosted a 1904 Vermont League team, and the 1924 Montpelier team played in the Ontario–Quebec–Vermont League.

Ontario–Quebec–Vermont League
The Ontario–Quebec–Vermont League was a minor league baseball league that played in the 1924 season. The Class B level league directly evolved from the 1922–1923 Eastern Canada League. The 1924 Ontario–Quebec–Vermont League consisted of teams based in Canada and the United States.
Katie Ellen
Katie Ellen are an American punk band based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They were formed in 2015 by Anika Pyle and Dan Frelly after the dissolution of their previous band Chumped. They have released a 7" single, an EP and an album, Cowgirl Blues in 2017, all on Lauren Records.

Chumped
Chumped was an American pop punk band based in Brooklyn, New York, United States. The band formed in 2012, and released two extended plays before releasing their sole LP, Teenage Retirement, in 2014 on Anchorless Records. The band announced an "indefinite hiatus" in 2015 and performed their final show in February 2016.
Troika (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Troika (Bosnian: Trojka), formerly known as the Four (Bosnian: Četvorka), is a liberal political alliance in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The alliance consists of the Social Democratic Party, the People and Justice party and Our Party.

Formed in August 2020, ahead of the Bosnian municipal elections, and initially called the Four, the alliance had also included the Independent Bosnian-Herzegovinian List, before it left the alliance and renamed it to Troika in 2021. The alliance made noteworthy results in the 2020 municipal elections, most notably in Sarajevo, emerging as the largest political bloc in the capital. Following the 2022 general election, Troika managed to form a coalition government on both the national and Federal level.

Independent Bosnian-Herzegovinian List
The Independent Bosnian-Herzegovinian List (Bosnian: Nezavisna bosanskohercegovačka lista) (NBL) was a political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina based in Sarajevo. The party was created by a group of mayors who were elected in the 2016 Bosnian local elections.

The NBL merged with the Party of Democratic Activity (A-SDA) on 27 February 2021 to create a new party named the People's European Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (NES). The two parties were dissolved, and the new party became the ruling party in Una-Sana canton. Prior to its dissolution, the party was led by Ibrahim Hadžibajrić.
White River Valley Conference
The White River Valley Conference was a short-lived athletic conference in southwestern Indiana. The conference started off well, sponsoring both varsity and junior varsity contests mainly in basketball and track. However, after three years, Bloomfield would leave to help found the Southwestern Indiana Athletic Conference. The year after, Spencer followed suit. This caused Clay City to rejoin their county conference, leaving the remaining four schools (all in Greene County) to do the same.

Southwestern Indiana Conference
The Southwestern Indiana Athletic Conference (SWIAC), is an eight-member IHSAA-sanctioned athletic conference located within Clay, Daviess, Greene and Sullivan Counties in Southwest and West Central Indiana. North Central (Farmersburg) joined in 2010 with the folding of the Tri-River Conference. Prior to that time, Clay City, Linton Stockton, Shakamak, and Union (Dugger) also participated in the Tri-River Conference concurrently while playing in the SWIAC. The conference was originally formed in 1939, but information on early membership between then and 1958 is incomplete.
Marcus Fernando
Sir Hilarion Marcus Fernando, FRCP (21 October 1864 – 18 December 1936) was a pre-independence Ceylonese statesman, physician and banker. He was a member of both the executive council and legislative council, as well as the chairman of the State Mortgage Bank of Ceylon.

James Peiris
Sir James Peiris JP (20 December 1856 – 5 May 1930) was a prominent leader in the Sri Lankan independence movement, the first elected Vice-President of the Legislative Council of Ceylon and the first native Governor of Ceylon (Acting).
Faissal El Bakhtaoui
Faissal El Bakhtaoui (born 8 November 1992) is a French professional footballer who plays as a striker for Serie D club Valmontone 1921. He has previously played for Dunfermline Athletic, Dundee, Queen of the South, Difaâ El Jadidi, ASD Nocerina 1910 (two spells), Ħamrun Spartans, A.S.D. Nuova Florida, Livorno, Cynthialbalonga and Guidonia Montecelio 1937.

Queen of the South F.C.
Queen of the South Football Club is a Scottish professional football club formed in 1919 in Dumfries. The club plays in Scottish League One, the third tier of Scottish football. Like residents of Dumfries, they are traditionally nicknamed the Doonhamers; but are more usually referred to as Queens and abbreviated to QOS or QOTS. Their home ground is Palmerston Park.

The club won the Division B Championship in 1950–51, the Second Division Championship in 2001–02 and 2012–13, and the Scottish Challenge Cup in 2002–03 and 2012–13. Queens led Scotland's top division until New Year in the 1953–54 season: their highest finish in Scotland's top division was fourth in 1933–34. The club reached their first major cup final in 2008 when they reached the final of the Scottish Cup, where they were runners-up to Rangers. The club's current manager is Peter Murphy.
The Optimist (alternate reality game)
The Optimist was a 2013 alternate reality game created by Walt Disney Imagineering as a tie-in to the 2015 film Tomorrowland directed by Brad Bird. The game was set in and around Anaheim, California and the Disneyland theme park and ran for six weeks from July 3, 2013, to August 11, 2013, with a finale event at the 2013 D23 Expo fan convention. The story was about a fictional alternate history of Walt Disney and his involvement in a secret society connected to the 1964 World's Fair and an optimistic vision of the future.

D23 (Disney)
D23: The Official Disney Fan Club, also known as simply D23, is the official fan club for the Walt Disney Company. Founded in 2009, the organization is known mainly for its biennial exposition event, D23: The Ultimate Disney Fan Event (previously known as D23 Expo). The name D23 refers to D for Disney and 23 for 1923, which is the year Walt Disney founded the company.

Membership is in two levels: free and gold. Membership includes Disney twenty-three (a quarterly publication), yearly gifts, events, exclusive merchandise offers, and discount and early access to the Ultimate Disney Fan Event.
Love Thru the Computer
"Love Thru the Computer" is a song by American rapper Gucci Mane, featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was released as the lead single from the former's thirteenth studio album, Delusions of Grandeur, on May 31, 2019. The song was written by the artists alongside producer J. White Did It, with additional writing credits going to Roger Troutman, Larry Troutman, and Shirley Murdock for the sampling of Zapp's "Computer Love".

Roger Troutman
Roger Troutman (November 29, 1951 – April 25, 1999), also known simply as Roger, was an American singer, musician, songwriter, and record producer. He was the founder of the band Zapp who helped spearhead the funk movement and influenced West Coast hip-hop due to the scene's heavy sampling of his music.

Troutman frequently used the talk box, a device that is connected to an instrument (frequently a keyboard, but most commonly a guitar) to create different vocal effects. Troutman used a custom-made talkbox—the Electro Harmonix "Golden Throat"—through a Moog Minimoog and later in his career a Yamaha DX100 FM synthesizer.

As both band leader of Zapp and in his subsequent solo releases, he scored a bevy of funk and R&B hits throughout the 1980s and regularly collaborated with hip-hop artists in the 1990s.
110 Herculis
110 Herculis (abbreviated to 110 Her) is a star in the northern constellation of Hercules.  Its apparent magnitude is 4.19, and it can be faintly seen with the naked eye, according to the Bortle scale. Based on parallax estimates made by the Hipparcos spacecraft, the star is located fairly close, about 62.7 light-years (19.21 parsecs) away.

110 Herculis has a spectrum matching that of an F-type main-sequence star. It is about 1.4 to 1.7 times more massive than the Sun, and about two times wider than the Sun. Its effective temperature is about 6400 K. An infrared excess has been detected, indicating the presence of a circumstellar disk.

110 Herculis is the 17th-brightest star in the constellation. It is located in the sky about halfway between Rasalhague in Ophiuchus and Albireo in Cygnus, offset a trifle west. 110 Herculis, along with its apparent neighbors 111 Herculis, 112 Herculis, and 113 Herculis lie close to the eastern edge of the constellation of Hercules.

Alpha Ophiuchi
Alpha Ophiuchi (α Ophiuchi, abbreviated Alpha Oph, α Oph), also named Rasalhague /ˈræsəlheɪɡ/, is a binary star and the brightest star in the constellation of Ophiuchus. Five degrees west-north-west of Rasalhague lies Rasalgethi, the 5th brightest star in the nearby constellation Hercules. These stars may be among the closest-lying pair of alpha stars in the entire sky.
Povilas Stulga Museum of Lithuanian Folk Instruments
The Povilas Stulga Museum of Lithuanian Folk Instruments (Lithuanian: Povilo Stulgos lietuvių tautinės muzikos instrumentų muziejus) is located in the Old Town of Kaunas, Lithuania. It was established in 1985. Its permanent collection contains Lithuanian and international musical instruments, recordings, books, placards, photographs, and letters. Its musical instrument collection includes various versions of the kanklės, harmoniums, reeds, seven-string guitars, and a bass constructed using a table.

Reed (mouthpiece)
A reed (or lamella) is a thin strip of material that vibrates to produce a sound on a musical instrument. Most woodwind instrument reeds are made from Arundo donax ("Giant cane") or synthetic material. Tuned reeds (as in harmonicas and accordions) are made of metal or synthetics. Musical instruments are classified according to the type and number of reeds.

The earliest types of single-reed instruments used idioglottal reeds, where the vibrating reed is a tongue cut and shaped on the tube of cane. Much later, single-reed instruments started using heteroglottal reeds, which are cut and separated from the tube of cane and attached to some type of mouthpiece. By contrast, in an uncapped double reed instrument (such as the oboe and bassoon), there is no mouthpiece; the two parts of the reed vibrate against one another.
Church and Convent of Saint Antony and Chapel of the Third Order
The Church and Convent of Saint Antony and Chapel of the Third Order (Portuguese: Igreja e Convento de Santo António e Capela da Ordem Terceira) is a 17th-century Roman Catholic church and convent located in São Francisco do Conde, Bahia, Brazil. Construction began in 1618 and was completed in 1633, 64 years before the founding of the municipality of São Francisco of the Conde in 1697. The interior of the church was renovated in 1718 and the original alters were removed, but the façade was retained. The Convent of Saint Anthony is the only religious structure in Latin America with azulejos depicting all sixteen miracles of Saint Anthony, the patron of the church and convent. The painting on the ceiling of the nave is attributed to José Joaquim da Rocha, who also painted the ceiling of Basilica of the Immaculate Conception in Salvador. It could also be the work of his student, Veríssimo de Souza Freitas.

Azulejo
Azulejo (Portuguese: [ɐzuˈle(j)ʒu, ɐzuˈlɐjʒu], Spanish: [aθuˈlexo]; from the Arabic الزليج, al-zillīj) is a form of Iberian painted tin-glazed ceramic tilework. They are an ornamental art form, but also had a specific function, such as aiding temperature control in homes.
There is also a tradition of their production in former Portuguese and Spanish colonies in North America, South America, the Philippines, Goa, Lusophone Africa, East Timor, and Macau. Azulejos constitute a major aspect of Portuguese and Spanish architecture to this day, and are found on buildings across Portugal, Spain and their former territories. Many azulejos chronicle major historical and cultural aspects of Portuguese and Spanish history.

In Spanish and Portuguese, azulejo is the everyday word for (any) tile.
A Treasury of Science Fiction
A Treasury of Science Fiction is an American anthology of science fiction short stories edited by Groff Conklin. It was first published in hardcover by Crown Publishers in 1948, and reprinted in March 1951. A later edition was issued by Bonanza Books/Crown Publishers in March 1980. An abridged paperback version including eight of its thirty stories was published by Berkley Books in July 1957 and reprinted in January 1958 and January 1965.

The book and Adventures in Time and Space were among the only science fiction hardcovers from large, mainstream publishers before about 1950. It collects thirty novellas, novelettes and short stories by various science fiction authors, together with an introduction by the editor. The stories were previously published from 1929-1947 in various science fiction and other magazines. Conklin did not know how to contact Martin Pearson, and used an advertisement in Astounding Science Fiction to find him to pay the royalty.

Donald A. Wollheim
Donald Allen Wollheim (October 1, 1914 – November 2, 1990) was an American science fiction editor, publisher, writer, and fan. As an author, he published under his own name as well as under pseudonyms, including David Grinnell, Martin Pearson, and Darrell G. Raynor. A founding member of the Futurians, he was a leading influence on science fiction development and fandom in the 20th-century United States. Ursula K. Le Guin called Wollheim "the tough, reliable editor of Ace Books, in the Late Pulpalignean Era, 1966 and '67", which is when he published her first two novels in Ace Double editions.
Enrico Mario Santí
Enrico Mario Santí (born 1 July 1950) is a Cuban-American writer, poet, and scholar of Spanish American Literature known for his critical essays and annotated editions of Latin American classics, including works by Octavio Paz, Pablo Neruda, and Guillermo Cabrera Infante. A frequent political commentator and art critic, he is also a sculptor and voice actor. As a child, Santí emigrated from Cuba to the United States, where he has had an extensive career as a professor in several universities. Currently, he is a research professor at Claremont Graduate University, in Claremont, California.

Octavio Paz
Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican philosopher, poet, and diplomat. For his body of work, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature.