hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
California Central Valley grasslands
The California Central Valley grasslands is a temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion in California's Central Valley. It a diverse ecoregion containing areas of desert grassland (at the southern end), prairie, savanna, riparian forest, marsh, several types of seasonal vernal pools, and large lakes such as now-dry Tulare Lake (which was the largest freshwater lake in the United States west of the Mississippi), Buena Vista Lake, and Kern Lake.

The Central Valley has been greatly altered by human activity. Most of the land has been converted to farms, pastureland, or cities. Most of the valley's wetlands have been drained. The introduction of exotic plants, especially grasses, has altered the region's ecology.

Vernal pool
Vernal pools, also called vernal ponds or ephemeral pools, are seasonal pools of water that provide habitat for distinctive plants and animals. They are considered to be a unique type of wetland usually devoid of fish, and thus allow the safe development of natal amphibian and insect species unable to withstand competition or predation by fish. Certain tropical fish lineages (such as killifishes) have however, adapted to this habitat specifically.

Vernal pools are a type of wetland. They can be surrounded by many communities/species, including deciduous forest, grassland, lodgepole pine forest, blue oak woodland, sagebrush steppe, succulent coastal scrub and prairie. These pools are characteristic of Mediterranean climates, but occur in many other ecosystems.
SMS Custoza
SMS Custoza was an ironclad warship built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the 1870s, the only member of her class. She was the first Austro-Hungarian ironclad to be built after the navy studied the results of the Battle of Lissa of 1866; she was also the first iron-hulled capital ship to be built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy. She was laid down in November 1869, launched in August 1872, and completed in February 1875. Her career was fairly limited, in part due to reduced naval budgets in the 1870s that also delayed her completion. Custoza was somewhat more active in the 1880s, taking part in an international naval demonstration against the Ottoman Empire in 1880, being modernized in 1882, and a trip to Spain for the Barcelona Universal Exposition in 1888. The ship became a training ship in 1902, was converted into a barracks ship in 1914, and after World War I, was awarded as a war prize to Italy. Custoza was immediately broken up.

Battle of Lissa (1866)
The Battle of Lissa (also known as the Battle of Vis; Croatian: Bitka kod Visa) was fought on 20 July 1866 between the Italian and Austrian navies near the island of Lissa in the Adriatic Sea during the Third Italian War of Independence. An Italian fleet under Admiral Carlo Pellion di Persano engaged an Austrian fleet led by Vice-Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff in an attempt to break Austria's naval dominance in the Adriatic. The battle was the first in which ironclad warships were used on a major scale. Both fleets exhibited several technical deficiencies, while the Italian fleet also suffered from severe rivalries between its officers. The Austrians were victorious, relieving Lissa after sinking two Italian warships, in part by using naval ramming tactics. Persano was disgraced upon his return to Italy, while Tegetthoff received widespread praise and accolades for his victory.
A Galician in Mexico
A Galician in Mexico (Spanish: Una Gallega en México) is a 1949 Mexican comedy film directed by Julián Soler and starring  Niní Marshall, Joaquín Pardavé, and Alma Rosa Aguirre. It was shot at the Azteca Studios in Mexico City. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jorge Fernández.

Niní Marshall
Marina Esther Traveso (June 1, 1903 – March 18, 1996), known by her stage name Niní Marshall, was an Argentine humorist, comic actress and screenwriter; nicknamed The Chaplin with a skirt and The Lady of Humour.
People's Public Security of Vietnam
The People's Public Security of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Công an Nhân dân Việt Nam), alternatively the People's Public Security Forces (PPS; Vietnamese: Lực lượng Công an Nhân dân - CAND), also recognized by its Vietnamese short name Công an (lit. 'the Public Security', IPA: [kəwŋ͡m˧˧ ʔaːn˧˧]) or the Vietnamese Police as a loose translation, is the national police and the principal domestic security force of Vietnam.

Vietnam Militia and Self-Defence Force
The Vietnam Militia and Self-Defence Force (VMSF or MASDF; Vietnamese: Dân quân tự vệ Việt Nam, lit. 'Self-defence Militia of Vietnam'), known simply as the Militia (Dân quân) and also mistranslated as the Vietnam Self-Defence Militia (VSDM), is the militia and uniformed reserve force of Vietnam. Placed under the political leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the executive administration of the Vietnam Ministry of National Defence, the management from the local and national governments as well as the direct command of the local military headquarters, VMSF is one of the three major components of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces, serving a significant role in the Vietnamese national defence strategies and cultures.

Defined as the "armed force of the mass" that is organized as local-level units, VMSF's career is not meant to be "separated from production activities and work", making it a part-time, semi-professional territorial defence force.
Elliott Johnston
Elliott Frank Johnston AO QC (26 February 1918 – 25 August 2011) was an Australian jurist and communist activist. As a judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia (1983–1988), he was the only communist to serve as an Australian judge. He is also remembered as the second and final Commissioner of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (1989–91).

Supreme Court of South Australia
The Supreme Court of South Australia is the superior court of the Australian state of South Australia. The Supreme Court is the highest South Australian court in the Australian court hierarchy. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters, and hears the most serious criminal matters. The Court is composed of a Chief Justice and as many other justices as may be required.
Jess Jones
Jessica Jones (born August 30, 1990) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Jones was a member of the Canadian national under-18 team that competed at the first IIHF Women's U18 World Championships in 2008 and she played for PWHL Toronto during the inaugural season of the Professional Women's Hockey League.

Toronto Sceptres
The Toronto Sceptres are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto that competes in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). They are one of the six charter franchises of the league. The team plays its home games at Coca-Cola Coliseum. Toronto topped the standings in the league's inaugural regular season.
Harry Robinson (footballer)
Harry David Robinson (born 26 September 2000) is a Northern Irish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Clyde. Robinson has previously played for Motherwell, Glenavon, Oldham Athletic and also Crusaders and Queen of the South with loan spells.

Clyde F.C.
Clyde Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football club who play in Scottish League Two. Nicknamed the Bully Wee, the club was formed in 1877 at the River Clyde in Glasgow, the club currently host their home matches at New Douglas Park in Hamilton, having played at Broadwood Stadium in Cumbernauld from 1994 until 2022.

The club's biggest accomplishments are winning the Scottish Cup on three occasions: 1939, 1955 and 1958; they reached the final a further three times, all during a long period based at Shawfield, in Rutherglen. They have not played in the top division of Scottish football since 1975.

The club have been managed by Darren Young since October 2024.
Daniel Keyes
Daniel Keyes (August 9, 1927 – June 15, 2014) was an American writer best known as the author of the novel Flowers for Algernon. Keyes was given the Author Emeritus honor by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 2000.

Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association
The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, doing business as Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association and commonly known as SFWA (/ˈsɪfwə/ or /ˈsɛfwə/) is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization of professional science fiction and fantasy writers. While SFWA is based in the United States, its membership is open to writers worldwide. The organization was founded in 1965 by Damon Knight under the name Science Fiction Writers of America.

As of 2025, SFWA has about 2,500 members worldwide.

Active SFWA members may vote for the Nebula Awards, one of the principal English-language science fiction awards.
Stromboid notch
The stromboid notch is an anatomical feature which is found in the shell of one taxonomic family of medium-sized to large sea snails, the conches.

Marine gastropods in the family Strombidae have a notch in the edge of the shell aperture not far from the siphonal canal. This indentation is called the stromboid notch. Its function is to enable the animal to extend one of its two stalked eyes out through the notch when the animal is active.

Gastropod shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of many gastropods, including snails, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it (semi-slug).

Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group.
Ranch Pizza
Ranch Pizza (sometimes called Ranch PDX) is a pizzeria based in Portland, Oregon, United States. Owned by Richard Corey and Eric Wood, the business has eight locations in the Portland metropolitan area. In addition to the original restaurant in northeast Portland's Woodlawn neighborhood, Ranch operates in Hillsboro and in the southeast Portland part of the Montavilla neighborhood.

Montavilla, Portland, Oregon
Montavilla (a syllabic abbreviation of "Mt. Tabor Village) is a neighborhood in the Northeast and Southeast sections of Portland, Oregon, United States, and contains an area east of Mount Tabor and west of Interstate 205, from the Banfield to SE Division. It is bordered by North Tabor, Mount Tabor, South Tabor, Madison South, Hazelwood, and Powellhurst-Gilbert.
Jerry Lacy
Gerald LeRoy Lacy (born March 27, 1936) is an American actor and writer best known for playing the roles of Tony Peterson, Reverend Trask, Reverend Gregory Trask, Mr. Trask, and Lamar Trask on the TV serial Dark Shadows.  He has also appeared on The Secret Storm, As the World Turns (as Simon Gilbey),  Love of Life (as Rick Latimer), and The Young and the Restless (as Jonas).

Love of Life
Love of Life is an American soap opera televised on CBS from September 24, 1951, to February 1, 1980. It was created by Roy Winsor, whose previous creation Search for Tomorrow premiered three weeks before Love of Life; he created The Secret Storm two and a half years later.
Who Said
"Who Said" is a song by fictional character Hannah Montana, recorded by American singer and actress Miley Cyrus for the soundtrack of the Disney Channel series Hannah Montana. It was released by Walt Disney Records on July 11, 2006, as the second and final single from the soundtrack album. The song was written by Matthew Gerrard, Robbie Nevil, and Jay Landers and produced by Gerrard. "Who Said" bears teen pop aspects musically, while its lyrics are about individualism.

In the United States, the song peaked at number eighty-three on the Billboard Hot 100 and within the top seventy on the Pop 100. Its appearance on the Billboard Hot 100 made Cyrus the first act to have seven songs appear on the chart in the same week. The song was also certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). A music video for "Who Said" was released, taken from footage of a concert performance.

Robbie Nevil
Robert S. Nevil (born October 2, 1958) is an American pop singer, songwriter, record producer, and guitarist who had five Billboard top 40 hits including his songs "C'est la Vie" (#2, 1986), "Dominoes" (#14, 1987), and "Wot's It to Ya" (#10, 1987).
Siva Brata Bhattacherjee
Siva Brata Bhattacherjee (1921–2003)—sometimes spelt Sibabrata Bhattacherjee—was a professor of physics at the University of Calcutta. He studied with the physicist, Satyendra Nath Bose, under whose supervision he completed his doctoral thesis in solid-state physics at the University College of Science (commonly known as Rajabazar Science College).

In 1945, he came from the University of Dhaka to join the Khaira Laboratory of Physics at the Science College, and specialised in the field of X-ray crystallography. Dr Bhattacherjee also served as a faculty member of the Department of Technology at the erstwhile University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology.

He was married to Lilabati Bhattacharjee, Director (Mineral Physics) of the Geological Survey of India. Siva Brata is survived by their son Dr Subrata Bhattacherjee, and daughter Mrs Sonali Karmakar née Bhattacherjee.

Satyendra Nath Bose
Satyendra Nath Bose (/ˈboʊs/; 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian theoretical physicist and mathematician. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics, and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan, in 1954 by the Government of India.

The eponymous particles class described by Bose's statistics, bosons, were named by Paul Dirac.

A polymath, he had a wide range of interests in varied fields, including physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy, philosophy, arts, literature, and music. He served on many research and development committees in India after independence.
Logan Crowley
Logan Crowley (born 4 March 1996) is a New Zealand rugby union player who currently plays for Taranaki in the Bunnings NPC. He previously played for Canterbury. He is the son of Alan Crowley who played 83 matches for Taranaki; he is also the nephew of All Black Kieran Crowley and Sean and Neil Crowley who also played for Taranaki. He plays for Coastal Rugby club in Taranaki.
Crowley signed with the Utah Warriors in the Major League Rugby competition for the 2024 and 2025 seasons.

Kieran Crowley
Kieran James Crowley (born 31 August 1961) is a New Zealand rugby union coach and former player, who is the former head coach of Italy. He has also coached the New Zealand Under-19s in the 2007 World Championships as well as coaching provincial side Taranaki. He previously served as head coach of Canada. He also spent five seasons coaching Benetton Rugby.

He is a former member of the New Zealand All Blacks where he played as a fullback.
Saltpond
Saltpond is a town and the capital of the Mfantsiman Municipal District in the Central Region of Ghana. As of 2013, Saltpond has a population of 24,689 people. Major ethnic groups who lived in the town are the 
Akan, Ga, Ewe, Ashanti, and Akuapem. Majors economic sectors in the town are petroleum, agriculture, fishing, trade, commerce, and industry.

Akan people
The Akan (/ˈækæn/) people are a Kwa group living primarily in Ghana and parts of Ivory Coast and Togo in West Africa. The Akan speak languages within the Central Tano branch of the Potou–Tano subfamily of the Niger–Congo family. Subgroups of the Akan people include: the Adanse, Agona, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Anyi, Asante, Baoulé, Bono, Chakosi, Fante, Kwahu, Sefwi, Wassa, Ahanta, Denkyira and Nzema, among others. The Akan subgroups all have cultural attributes in common; most notably the tracing of royal matrilineal descent in the inheritance of property, and for succession to high political office. All Akans are considered royals in status, but not all are in royal succession or hold titles.
New York State Route 9B
New York State Route 9B (NY 9B) is a state highway located within Clinton County, New York, in the United States. The route serves as a connector between its parent route, U.S. Route 9 (US 9), in the town of Champlain and US 11 in the village of Rouses Point. While US 9 bypasses Rouses Point to the west, NY 9B veers east to serve the village and the shoreline of Lake Champlain. NY 9B is the northernmost section of the Lakes to Locks Passage, an All-American Road. Modern NY 9B was the original alignment of US 9 through the town of Champlain. US 9 was moved onto its present alignment west of Rouses Point in the mid-1940s, at which time its former routing to Rouses Point became NY 9B.

National Scenic Byway
A National Scenic Byway is a road recognized by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) for one or more of six "intrinsic qualities": archeological, cultural, historic, natural, recreational, and scenic. The program was established by Congress in 1991 to preserve and protect the nation's scenic but often less-traveled roads and promote tourism and economic development. The National Scenic Byways Program (NSBP) is administered by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).

Some scenic byways are designated All-American Roads, which must meet two out of the six intrinsic qualities. The designation means they have features that do not exist elsewhere in the United States and are unique and important enough to be tourist destinations unto themselves. As of January 21, 2021, there are 184 National Scenic Byways located in 48 states (all except Hawaii and Texas).
1995 Lagos Harka Air Services Tu-134 crash
The 1995 Lagos Harka Air Services Tu-134 crash occurred on 24 June 1995, when a Tupolev Tu-134A  operated by Harka Air Services from Kaduna to Lagos overran the runway upon landing at Lagos' Murtala Muhammed International Airport crashed into a ditch and caught fire. The flight was carrying 74 passengers and 6 crew members, of which 16 were killed in the accident.

Murtala Muhammed International Airport
Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMIA) (IATA: LOS, ICAO: DNMM) is an international airport located in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria, and is the major airport serving the entire state. The airport was initially built during World War II and is named after Murtala Muhammed (1938–1976), the fourth head of state of Nigeria.
Girdhar Kumar Pandey
Girdhar Kumar Pandey (born 15 February 1972) is an Indian molecular biologist, biochemist, biotechnologist, and a professor at the department of plant molecular biology of the South Campus of the University of Delhi. He is known for his studies on the signal transduction pathways in Arabidopsis  (rockcress) and Oryza sativa (rice) and is an elected fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India and the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences, in 2015.

Department of Biotechnology
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) is an Indian government department, under the Ministry of Science and Technology responsible for administrating development and commercialisation in the field of modern biology and biotechnology in India. It was set up in 1986.
Ajanale
Ajanale is a village in the state of Maharashtra, India. Administratively it is under the Sangole Taluka of Solapur District in Maharashtra. The village is known for its export quality anar (pomegranates). 90% of its population is directly or indirectly dependent on pomegranate production. Hence annual income is very high. The village is located 15 km by road west of the town of Sangole, and 8 km by road east of the village of Bombewadi and the bridge over the Man River.

Sangole
Sangole or (Sangola) is a city with a municipal council in Solapur district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is situated near Holy city Pandharpur . It is located at the intersection of state highways SH-161, SH-3, and SH-71.

Traditionally, in many historic records this area was part of the Mandesh region. Its name is derived from the Maan River. Sangole is known for pomegranate production as well as jowar.
Thondan (2017 film)
Thondan (transl. Votary) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language vigilante action drama film written and directed by Samuthirakani. The film stars Samuthirakani himself, with Vikranth, Sunaina, Arthana Binu, Gouri Nair, and Namo Narayana amongst others in pivotal roles. The music is composed by Justin Prabhakaran with editing by A. L. Ramesh. The venture began production in December 2016 and had a theatrical release on 26 May 2017.

P. Samuthirakani
P. Samuthirakani (born 26 April 1973) is an Indian actor and film director who works predominantly in Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam films. He worked as an assistant to director K. Balachander, in Paarthale Paravasam. He won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2016 for Visaranai, he is also a recipient of three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, a Filmfare Award and a SIIMA award
Khanatha bint Bakkar
Lalla Khanatha bint Bakkar (Arabic: خناثة بنت الشيخ بكار المغافري, romanized: Khunātha bint Shaykh Bakkār al-Mghāfrī) (1668–1754), was one of the wives of Sultan Moulay Ismail (r. 1672–1727), and acted as his de facto First Minister and Secretary. After his death, she remained active in the political governance of Morocco during the unstable situation which followed as the mother of Sultan Moulay Abdallah (r. 1729–1757).

First minister
A first minister is any of a variety of leaders of government cabinets. The term literally has the same meaning as "prime minister".

In the United Kingdom, the title of first minister is used to refer to the political leader of a devolved national government, such as the devolved governments of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, or of a dependent territory.

In Australia and Canada, the term is used to refer collectively to the Prime Minister and the state or provincial premiers.
Ferenc Miszlivetz
Ferenc Miszlivetz (born June 10, 1954) is a Hungarian academic. He is full professor at the University of Pannonia, and director of the Institute of Advanced Studies Kőszeg (iASK). His research interests include democracy, civil society, Central-European and European Studies, globalization and sustainability.

University of Pannonia
The University of Pannonia (Hungarian Pannon Egyetem, formerly known as Veszprémi Egyetem) is a university with its main campus in Veszprém, Hungary. It was founded in 1949 and is organized in four faculties: Humanities, Engineering, Economics, and Informatics. Before 2006, it was named University of Veszprém.
Project Catwalk series 3
The third series of Project Catwalk premiered on 9 January 2008, featured 13 fashion designers in a competition finding who was the most talented for fashion designers. Kelly Osbourne continue her role as the host of this series and was judged by a panel including fashion stylist Nick Ede and Grazia editor-in-Chief Paula Reed.

Jasper Garvida is the winner of the competition. He received a cash prizes of £25,000, a full feature fashion spread in the British version of Grazia of and a chance to create his own lines at Oli.co.uk.

Grazia
Grazia (Italian: [ˈɡrattsja]; Italian for 'Grace'; stylized in all caps) is a weekly women's magazine that originated in Italy with international editions printed in Albania, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Colombia, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, India, Jordan, North Macedonia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Pakistan, Qatar, Serbia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, and the United Kingdom.