hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Florence Macfarlane
Florence Geraldine Macfarlane aka "Muriel Muir" (5 October 1867 – 28 October 1944) was a nurse, militant suffragette and member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) who went on hunger strike in Winson Green Prison in Birmingham in 1912 and who was awarded the WSPU's Hunger Strike Medal.

Hunger strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance where participants fast as an act of political protest, usually with the objective of achieving a specific goal, such as a policy change. Hunger strikers that do not take fluids are named dry hunger strikers.

In cases where an entity (usually the state) has or is able to obtain custody of the hunger striker (such as a prisoner), the hunger strike is often terminated by the custodial entity through the use of force-feeding.
Gallia Aquitania
Gallia Aquitania (/ˈɡæliə ˌækwɪˈteɪniə/, Latin: [ˈɡalːi.a akᶣiːˈtaːni.a]), also known as Aquitaine or Aquitaine Gaul, was a province of the Roman Empire. It lies in present-day southwest France and the comarca of Val d'Aran in northeast Spain, where it gives its name to the modern region of Aquitaine. It was bordered by the provinces of Gallia Lugdunensis, Gallia Narbonensis, and Hispania Tarraconensis.

Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. It encompassed much of the northern, eastern and central territories of modern Spain along with modern northern Portugal. Southern Spain, the region now called Andalusia, was the province of Hispania Baetica. On the Atlantic west lay the province of Lusitania, partially coincident with modern-day Portugal.
Naomi Yang (musician)
Naomi Yang (born September 15, 1964) is an American musician, graphic designer, photographer and filmmaker. She was a member of the dream pop band Galaxie 500, psychedelic rock band Magic Hour and is half of the psychedelic folk duo Damon & Naomi. She has also made videos for a wide number of artists including Future Bible Heroes, Waxahatchee and  Julia Holter.

Waxahatchee
Waxahatchee is an American indie music project, formed in 2010 by American singer-songwriter Kathryn Crutchfield (born January 4, 1989), known professionally as Katie Crutchfield, following the breakup of her previous band P.S. Eliot. The band is named after Waxahatchee Creek in Alabama, where Crutchfield grew up. Originally an acoustic solo project, her recordings now tend to involve a full backing band.

As Waxahatchee, she has released six solo studio albums to date: American Weekend (2012), Cerulean Salt (2013), Ivy Tripp (2015), Out in the Storm (2017), Saint Cloud (2020) and Tigers Blood (2024), which was nominated for the 2025 Grammy Award for Best Americana Album. Outside of Waxahatchee, Crutchfield is a member of alternative country duo Plains, alongside Jess Williamson, and the indie rock band Snocaps, which features her twin sister Allison Crutchfield, MJ Lenderman and Brad Cook.
Richard M. Locke
Richard Michael Locke (born April 22, 1959) was the former dean of Apple University, and is the current dean of the MIT Sloan School of Management. Locke joined Apple after serving as the 13th provost of Brown University. He served as provost for 7.5 years, one of the longest serving provosts of Brown University.

Apple University
37°19′55″N 122°01′52″W﻿ / ﻿37.33182°N 122.03118°W﻿ / 37.33182; -122.03118

Apple University is a training facility of Apple Inc., located in Cupertino, California. This corporate university was designed to instruct personnel employed by Apple in the various aspects of Apple's technology and corporate culture.
Koktebel Jazz Festival
The Koktebel Jazz Festival is a jazz and world music festival in Ukraine. Until 2013, it used to take place annually in second week of September in Koktebel on the Black Sea coast. In 2014, it was held in Zatoka and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (both in Odesa Oblast).

Zatoka, Odesa Oblast
Zatoka (Ukrainian: Затoка, romanized: Zatoka; Romanian: Zatoca or Bugaz) is a rural settlement in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion, Odesa Oblast, in southwestern Ukraine. It belongs to Karolino-Buhaz rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population of Zatoka is 1,972 (2022 estimate). Its name comes from the Ukrainian-language word zatoka, meaning "bay".

The settlement is a local beach resort. Additionally, Zatoka contains a small port named Buhaz, which has a single pier and is part of the Port of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky. The settlement is located on a sand spit of the Dniester Estuary next to where the Dniester flows into the Black Sea. It is 60 km from Odesa and 18 km from the city of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Odesa Oblast, in the historical region of Budjak or southern Bessarabia.

Zatoka Bridge opened in 1955 and carries the R70 national road and the railway line from Odesa to Bessarabia.
Le monde est stone
"Le monde est stone" (transl. "the world is stone") is a song written and produced by Michel Berger and Luc Plamondon for the 1978 Canadian-French musical Starmania. It was originally performed by Fabienne Thibeault and released on the Starmania album in 1978. 
Canadian singer Celine Dion covered "Le monde est stone" for her 1991 album, Dion chante Plamondon. The English-language version with lyrics by Tim Rice, titled "The World Is Stone", was recorded by American singer Cyndi Lauper and released on the Tycoon album in 1992.

Fabienne Thibeault
Fabienne Thibeault (born 16 June 1952 in Montreal, Quebec) is a French Canadian singer. She is particularly known for her role in Starmania.  Thibeault has released numerous albums over her career. She has been the recipient of two Félix Awards.
Charles Brown (actor)
Charles Brown (January 15, 1946 – January 8, 2004) was an American actor and a member of New York City, New York, theater troupe the Negro Ensemble Company. He was best known for his performances in Off-Broadway and Broadway plays by Samm-Art Williams and August Wilson.

Samm-Art Williams
Samuel Arthur Williams (January 20, 1946 – May 13, 2024) was an American playwright, screenwriter, and television producer.

Williams was nominated for a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award for his play Home (1979), which moved from the Negro Ensemble Company to a Broadway production in 1980. In the mid-1980s, he received two Emmy nominations for his work for television series. The Black Rep of St. Louis, Missouri, produced the premiere of his play The Montford Point Marine (2011).
Nirvana Inn
Nirvana Inn is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language psychological horror film directed by Vijay Jayapal   and produced by Stray Factory, Uncombed Buddha, Stop Whinging and Harman Ventures. The film stars Adil Hussain, Rajshri Deshpande, Sandhya Mridul. and Saandeep Mahaajan. It follows the story of a boatman who becomes the caretaker of a Himalayan resort after an attempted suicide.

Nirvana Inn was one of the 29 projects selected for the program, Busan Asian Project Market at the Busan International Film Festival. It premiered under the "A Window on Asian Cinema" section at the 24th Busan International Film Festival. The film was released on OTT platform Cinemapreneur on 11 December 2020.

Sandhya Mridul
Sandhya Mridul is an Indian actress who appears in Hindi films and television. She is most known for her roles in films like Saathiya (2002) and Page 3 (2005) and was first runner up on the reality dance show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (Season 2) (2007).
Don Byas
Carlos Wesley "Don" Byas (October 21, 1912 – August 24, 1972) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist, associated with swing and bebop. He played with Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Art Blakey, and Dizzy Gillespie, among others, and also led his own band. He lived in Europe for the last 26 years of his life.

Benny Carter
Bennett Lester Carter (August 8, 1907 – July 12, 2003) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader. With Johnny Hodges, he was a pioneer on the alto saxophone. From the beginning of his career in the 1920s, he worked as an arranger, including writing charts for Fletcher Henderson's big band that shaped the swing style. He had an unusually long career that lasted into the 1990s. During the 1980s and 1990s, he was nominated for eight Grammy Awards, which included receiving a Lifetime Achievement Award.
Marvin B. Prentiss
Marvin B. Prentiss was an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives representing Osage County from 1912 to 1914. A member of the Republican Party, he was the party's nominee for Oklahoma Secretary of State in the 1914 Oklahoma elections.

Osage County, Oklahoma
Osage County (/ˈoʊseɪdʒ/ OH-sayj) is the largest county by area in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Created in 1907 when Oklahoma was admitted as a state, the county is named for and is home to the federally recognized Osage Nation. The county is coextensive with the Osage Nation Reservation, established by treaty in the 19th century when the Osage relocated there from Kansas. The county seat is in Pawhuska, one of the first three towns established in the county. The total population of the county as of 2020 was 45,818.
Lourtella
Lourtella is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lythraceae. The only species is Lourtella resinosa S.A.Graham, Baas & Tobe.

It is native to Peru and Bolivia.

The genus name of Lourtella is in honour of Alicia Lourteig (1913–2003), an Argentine and French botanist, who was a world specialist in Oxalidaceae plants. The Latin specific epithet of resinosa refers to resinous, from resina.
Both genus and species were first described and published in Syst. Bot. Vol.12 on pages 519-520 in 1987.

Lourtella is allied to a botanical cluster of four other genera: Adenaria, Koehneria, Pehria, and Woodfordia.

It is unique within this cluster because it has secretory ducts, which help identify it.

Koehneria
Koehneria is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lythraceae. The only species is Koehneria madagascariensis (Baker) S.A.Graham, Tobe & Baas

It is native to Madagascar.

The genus name of Koehneria is in honour of Bernhard Adalbert Emil Koehne (1848–1918), a German botanist and dendrologist born near Striegau, a town known today as Strzegom, Poland, 
The Latin specific epithet of madagascariensis means "coming from Madagascar",
and both genus and species were first described and published in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. Vol.73 on pages 805-806 in (1986 publ. 1987).
Adriano Bernardini
Adriano Bernardini (13 August 1942 – 11 September 2025) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who occupied positions in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from the 1970s until he retired in 2017. His first assignment as Apostolic Nuncio was to Bangladesh (1992–1995) and his last to Italy (2011–2017). He was an archbishop since 1992.

Angelo Sodano
Angelo Raffaele Sodano (23 November 1927 – 27 May 2022) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the Dean of the College of Cardinals from 2005 to 2019 and previously as the Cardinal Secretary of State from 1991 to 2006; Sodano was the first person since 1828 to serve simultaneously as Dean and Secretary of State.

On 22 June 2006, Pope Benedict XVI accepted Sodano's resignation as Secretary of State, effective 15 September 2006. He had served in the diplomatic corps of the Holy See since 1959, including a decade as nuncio to Chile from 1978.

On 21 December 2019, it was reported that Sodano shielded sexually abusive clergy in the Legion of Christ. On the same day, Pope Francis accepted Sodano's resignation as Dean of the College of Cardinals.
Malebo, New South Wales
Malebo  is an unbounded neighbourhood in the locality of Euberta in the central east part of the Riverina.  It is situated by road, about 10 km west of Wagga Wagga and 16 km east of Millwood.

Malebo has no public buildings nor signage other than the prominent Malebo Shooting Range sign on the ridge of Malebo hill.

Malebo Post Office opened on 16 August 1888 and closed in 1912. It had a hotel.

Millwood, New South Wales
Millwood is a rural community in the central east part of the Riverina.  It is situated by road, about 6 kilometres south east from Currawarna and 26 kilometres south from Coolamon.

Millwood Post Office opened on 20 September 1898 and closed in 1918.
Billy Eagle
Charles William Eagle (1869 - October 10, 1908), also known as Billy Eagle, was a Canadian soldier who served as the only indigenous trooper in the South African Constabulary.  Having previously served during the Boer War, he joined the SAC and while on a patrol in the Transvaal, he was famously attacked and mauled by a lion, dying from his injuries a month later.

South African Constabulary
The South African Constabulary (SAC) was a paramilitary force set up in 1900 under British Army control to police areas captured from the two independent Boer republics of  Transvaal and Orange Free State during the Second Boer War. Its first Inspector-General was Major-General Robert Baden-Powell, later the founder of the worldwide Scout Movement. After hostilities ended in 1902, the two countries became British colonies and the force was disbanded in 1908.
Just like a Woman (1992 film)
Just Like a Woman is a 1992 British comedy-drama film directed by Christopher Monger, and starring Julie Walters, Adrian Pasdar and Paul Freeman. The screenplay by Nicholas Evans is based on the 1985 novel Geraldine, For the Love of a Transvestite by Monica Jay. One of few "cross-dressing" films in which the hero is actually a transvestite, therefore having pure intentions, unlike Some Like It Hot, Tootsie, Mrs. Doubtfire and others in which the cross-dresser has an ulterior motive, the film was a modest commercial and critical success.

Paul Freeman (actor)
Paul Freeman (born 18 January 1943) is an English actor who has appeared in theatre, television and film. Internationally, he is known for playing the rival archaeologist René Belloq in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), evil wine baron Gustav Riebmann on season 4 of the soap opera Falcon Crest (1984–85), and supervillain Ivan Ooze in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (1995). His other credits include Morlang (2001), When I'm 64 (2004), Hot Fuzz (2007) and Hard Boiled Sweets (2012). In the UK, he had a leading role in the television series Yesterday's Dreams (1987) as Martin Daniels.

Referring to Freeman's extensive theatre work, in 1995 the Los Angeles Times described him as "one of Britain's best-regarded actors, classically trained, with stints at the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre".
George Sartorius
Sir George Rose Sartorius, GCB (9 August 1790 – 13 April 1885) was a British naval officer. After serving as a junior officer during the Napoleonic Wars, he was present, as a post-captain, at the surrender of Napoleon Bonaparte to Captain Frederick Maitland of Bellerophon at Rochefort. He later commanded the navy of Dom Pedro in the Portuguese Civil Wars. Dom Pedro was attempting to defeat his brother Dom Miguel, who had usurped the throne of Portugal, and to install Pedro's daughter as the rightful queen, Dona Maria II.

Sartorius went on to command Malabar in the Mediterranean Fleet and received on board Baldomero Espartero, the regent of Spain, who had been driven out by a coup d'état. Sartorius later served as commander-in-chief at Queenstown.

Frederick Maitland (Royal Navy officer, born 1777)
Rear-Admiral of the Red Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland, KCB (7 September 1777 – 30 November 1839) was a Royal Navy officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He rose to the rank of rear admiral and held a number of commands.  The most famous event of his career occurred when Napoleon surrendered to him aboard HMS Bellerophon, marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
Karl Christian Johann Holsten
Karl Christian Johann Holsten (March 31, 1825 – January 26, 1897) was a German Protestant theologian.

Holsten was born in Güstrow, Mecklenburg. He studied at Leipzig, Berlin, and the Rostock, where he became a teacher of religion at the Gymnasium in 1852. In 1870, he became a professor of New Testament studies at the Bern and moved to the Heidelberg in 1876, where he remained until his death.

Holsten was a follower of the Tübingen school and supported Baur's views on the alleged antagonism between Petrinism and Paulinism. His writings include:

Zum Evangelium d. Paulus und d. Petrus (1867)

Das Evangelium des Paulus dargestelit (1880)

Die synoptischen Evangelien nach der Form ihres Inhalts (1886)

Ferdinand Christian Baur
Ferdinand Christian Baur (German: [baʊɐ]; 21 June 1792 – 2 December 1860) was a German Protestant theologian and founder and leader of the (new) Tübingen School of theology (named for the University of Tübingen where Baur studied and taught). Following Hegel's theory of dialectic, Baur argued that second century Christianity represented the synthesis of two opposing theses: Jewish Christianity (Petrine Christianity) and Gentile Christianity (Pauline Christianity). This and the rest of Baur's work had a profound impact on higher criticism of biblical and related texts.

Adolf Hilgenfeld followed Baur's lead and edited the Tübingen School's journal, though he was less radical than Baur. A patristic scholar and philosopher at Tübingen, Albert Schwegler gave the School's theories their most vigorous expression. "The school was at the height of its influence in the 1840s, but it soon lost its prestige through the discrepancy between its axioms and historical fact."
Governor of Kırıkkale
The Governor of Kırıkkale (Turkish: Kırıkkale Valiliği) is the bureaucratic state official responsible for both national government and state affairs in the Province of Kırıkkale. Similar to the Governors of the 80 other Provinces of Turkey, the Governor of Kırıkkale is appointed by the Government of Turkey and is responsible for the implementation of government legislation within Kırıkkale. The Governor is also the most senior commander of both the Kırıkkale provincial police force and the Kırıkkale Gendarmerie.

Gendarmerie General Command
The Gendarmerie General Command (Turkish: Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı) is the national gendarmerie force of Turkey. It is a service branch of the Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of the General Directorate of Security (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. 
The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior.

The Gendarmerie has its roots in the Ottoman Empire military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"). A similar, earlier force called "Şurta" existed during the medieval Seljuk Empire.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1615
United Nations Security Council resolution 1615, adopted unanimously on 29 July 2005, after reaffirming all resolutions on Abkhazia and Georgia, particularly Resolution 1582 (2005), the council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) until 31 January 2006.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1582
United Nations Security Council resolution 1582, adopted unanimously on 28 January 2005, after reaffirming all resolutions on Abkhazia and Georgia, particularly Resolution 1554 (2004), the council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) until 31 July 2005.

Georgia's attendance at the meeting was opposed by Russia, and therefore the former was not present.
Marie Goetze
Marie Goetze, sometimes given as Marie Götz or Marie Götze and also known by her married name Marie Ritter-Goetze (also styled Marie Ritter-Götze), (2 November 1865 – 18 December 1922) was a German contralto. A native of Berlin, she was trained by Jenny Meyer at the Stern Conservatory and privately with Désirée Artôt. She was a longtime principal artist at the Berlin Hofoper 1884-1886 and again from 1892 until her retirement from the stage in 1920. She also was a resident artist at the Hamburg State Opera (1886-1890) and in New York City at the Metropolitan Opera (1890-1891). She performed as a guest artist at many important theatres; among them the Royal Opera House in London, the Cologne Opera, Oper Frankfurt, and the Bavarian State Opera. She was a lauded interpreter of the role of Fides in Giacomo Meyerbeer's Le Prophète.

Berlin State Opera
The Staatsoper Unter den Linden (lit. State Opera under the Lime Trees), also known as the Berlin State Opera (German: Staatsoper Berlin), is a listed building on Unter den Linden boulevard in the historic center of Berlin, Germany. The opera house was built by order of Prussian king Frederick the Great from 1741 to 1743 according to plans by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff in the Palladian style. Damaged during the Allied bombing in World War II, the former Royal Prussian Opera House was rebuilt from 1951 to 1955 as part of the Forum Fridericianum square in East Berlin.

Nicknamed Lindenoper, it is "the world's oldest state opera" and "the first theater anywhere to be, by itself, a prominent, freestanding monumental building in a city."
Seisan
The karate kata Seisan (十三) (alternate names Sesan, Seishan, Jusan, Hangetsu) literally means '13'.  Some people refer to the kata as '13 Hands', '13 Fists', '13 Techniques', '13 Steps' or even '13 killing positions'; however, these names have no historical basis.

Seisan is thought to be one of the oldest kata, being quite spread among other Nahate schools. Shito-Ryū has its own version similar to Sanchin and different versions are now practiced even in Shuri-te derivatives like Shotokan (called Hangetsu) and in Wado-Ryū (called Seishan). Isshin-ryū also adopted this kata. Korean Tang Soo Do adopted it, and it is called either by its original name Sei-Shan or Seishan, or by Ban Wol which is the Korean translation of Hangetsu ("half moon"). Due to its difficulty, this kata is often reserved for advanced Tang Soo Do students.

Tang Soo Do
Tang Soo Do (Korean: 당수도; Hanja: 唐手道; pronounced [taŋ.su.do]) is a Korean martial art based on karate which can include fighting principles from taekkyeon, subak, as well as northern Chinese martial arts. From its beginnings in 1944 to today, Tang Soo Do is used by some Kwans to identify the traditional Korean fusion of fighting styles. In the mid 1950s, it became the basis for the martial art taekwondo when the Korean Nine Kwans united.

In contemporary context, many Korean martial arts entities continued to use Tang Soo Do to preserve the elements of Korean martial arts that evolved from the original nine kwans' karate roots and were lost in transition to taekwondo. The techniques of what is commonly known as Tang Soo Do combine elements of Shōtōkan, Subak, Taekkyon, and fung gu.
Diffuser (thermodynamics)
A diffuser is "a device for reducing the velocity and increasing the static pressure of a fluid passing through a system". The fluid's static pressure rise as it passes through a duct is commonly referred to as pressure recovery. In contrast, a nozzle is used to increase the discharge velocity and lower the pressure of a fluid passing through it.

Frictional effects during analysis can sometimes be important, but usually they are neglected. Ducts containing fluids flowing at low velocity can usually be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. Analyzing ducts flowing at higher velocities with Mach numbers in excess of 0.3 usually require compressible flow relations.

A typical subsonic diffuser is a duct that increases in area in the direction of flow. As the area increases, fluid velocity decreases, and static pressure rises.

Compressible flow
Compressible flow (or gas dynamics) is the branch of fluid mechanics that deals with flows having significant changes in fluid density. While all flows are compressible, flows are usually treated as being incompressible when the Mach number (the ratio of the speed of the flow to the speed of sound) is smaller than 0.3 (since the density change due to velocity is about 5% in that case). The study of compressible flow is relevant to high-speed aircraft, jet engines, rocket motors, high-speed entry into a planetary atmosphere, gas pipelines, commercial applications such as abrasive blasting, and many other fields.