hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paregoric
Paregoric, or camphorated tincture of opium, also known as tinctura opii camphorata, is a patent medicine known for its antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic properties.

According to Goodman and Gilman's 1965 edition, "Paregoric is a 4% opium tincture in which there is also benzoic acid, camphor, and anise oil. ... Paregoric by tradition is used especially for children."

The term paregoric, which comes from Ancient Greek παρηγορικός parēgorikós "soothing", has also been used for boiled sweets which contained the substance, in particular the Army & Navy brand.

Anise
Anise (/ˈænɪs/; Pimpinella anisum), also called aniseed or rarely anix, is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia.

The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, such as star anise, fennel, liquorice, and tarragon. It is widely cultivated and used to flavor food, candy, and alcoholic drinks, especially around the Mediterranean.
Fernando Vélaz de Medrano y Álava, 2nd Marquess of Fontellas
Fernando Vélaz de Medrano y Álava, 2nd Marquess of Fontellas (Mahón, 16 August 1808 - Madrid, 18 May 1858) 2nd Viscount of Amaláin, 15th Lord of Fontellas, was a Navarrese nobleman, aristocrat and politician during the reigns of Ferdinand VII of Spain and Queen Isabella II of Spain. A prominent figure in 19th-century Spanish politics, he served as a provincial deputy and parliamentary representative for Tudela, actively participating in legislative commissions on infrastructure and international borders. As the heir to the influential Vélaz de Medrano family, he managed extensive estates in Navarre and Castile, continuing his family's legacy in governance and landownership. His tenure in public office was marked by electoral controversies and significant contributions to regional development, particularly in the construction of the Tudela-Bilbao railway.

Mahón
Maó (Catalan: [məˈo], locally [ˈmo]; formerly spelled Mahó, in Spanish Mahón (Spanish: [maˈon])), and also written as Mahon and historically as Port Mahon in English, is the capital and second largest city of Menorca. The city is located on the eastern coast of the island, which is part of the archipelago and autonomous community of the Balearic Islands.

Maó has one of the longest natural harbours in the world: 5 kilometres (3 miles) long and up to 900 metres (3,000 feet) wide. The water is deep but remains mostly clear due to the port's enclosed nature. Mayonnaise is considered to have originated in Maó.

Its population in 2021 was estimated to be 29,125.
Truly (Lionel Richie song)
"Truly" is the debut solo single by American singer-songwriter Lionel Richie. Resuming where he left off with D-flat major tunes "Sail On" and particularly "Still" when he was lead for the Commodores, Richie wrote the song and co-produced it with James Anthony Carmichael.

Released as the first single from his self-titled debut album in 1982, "Truly" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 on 9 October 1982 and climbed to No. 1 on 27 November – 4 December 1982. It also spent four weeks at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart, and logged nine weeks at No. 2 on the R&B chart, behind Marvin Gaye's "Sexual Healing".  In addition, "Truly" made the top 10 in United Kingdom, where the song peaked at No. 6. The song won a Grammy Award for Richie in the category Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.

Billboard called it a "moving ballad with all the drama and poignance of 'Still', 'Three Times a Lady' and 'Endless Love'."

Sexual Healing
"Sexual Healing" is a song recorded by American singer Marvin Gaye from his seventeenth and final studio album, Midnight Love (1982). It was his first single since his exit from his long-term record label Motown earlier in the year, following the release of the In Our Lifetime (1981) album the previous year. It peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 (Gaye's final top 10 hit) and is listed at number 198 on Rolling Stone's list of 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. "Sexual Healing" is written and composed in the key of E-flat major and is set in time signature of 4/4 with a tempo of 94 beats per minute.
Southern Appalachian low-elevation pine forest
The Southern Appalachian low-elevation pine forest is a forest system that occurs in Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. It is found in the lower elevations of the southern Appalachian Mountains and adjacent Piedmont and Cumberland Plateau, extending into part of the Interior Low Plateaus. Pine Mountain (Bartow County, Georgia) is a great example of this forest type, as well as Sweat Mountain in the northern part of the Atlanta metropolitan area. Both of these mountain ridges are dominated by (Virginia Pine)  Pinus virginiana

Interior Low Plateaus
The Interior Low Plateaus are a physiographic region in eastern United States.  It consists of a diverse landscape that extends from north Alabama across central Tennessee and Kentucky into southern Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Its natural communities are a matrix of temperate forests, woodlands, and prairies.
2017–18 UEFA Europa League knockout phase
The 2017–18 UEFA Europa League knockout phase began on 13 February and ended on 16 May 2018 with the final at the Parc Olympique Lyonnais in Décines-Charpieu, France, to decide the champions of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League. A total of 32 teams competed in the knockout phase.

Times up to 24 March 2018 (round of 32 and round of 16) are CET (UTC+1), thereafter (quarter-finals and beyond) times are CEST (UTC+2).

Décines-Charpieu
Décines-Charpieu (French pronunciation: [desinʃaʁpjø] ⓘ) is a commune in the Metropolis of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in central-eastern France. The name of the city is often shortened and simply called Décines.
Swarm Gallery
Swarm Gallery was an art gallery located in the Jack London Square neighborhood of Oakland, California in the United States.  Swarm, which opened in 2006 and closed in 2013, exhibited contemporary art and was owned by Svea Lin Soll. It focused on the work of San Francisco Bay Area artists, but not exclusively. It had an entire gallery space devoted to installation art. Swarm featured contemporary work by emerging and established artists through exhibitions, flat files, studio space and programs, and was an experimental platform for sound, video, and installation-based work. Over the span of seven and a half years, Swarm Gallery presented over 70 exhibitions with some of the Bay Area's most beloved artists, provided 11 on-site rentals studios to more than 40 artists, and hosted hundreds of events and musical programs. The gallery participated in Art Murmur.  In 2011, it was voted "Best Art Gallery" in the Readers' Poll in the East Bay Express Best of the East Bay.

Art Murmur
Art Murmur is a collection of visual arts experiences designed to expose and promote Oakland's art scene. Primarily known for the First Friday Art Walk each month mostly held in the Uptown, Koreatown/Northgate, and downtown neighborhoods of Oakland, California, Oakland Art Murmur, a non-profit organization, draws thousands of people to visual art venues across all of Oakland. The event began in 2006 at the intersection of 23rd Street and Telegraph Avenue. In 2012, the street festival component was taken over by KONO, a neighborhood community group, becoming the "Oakland First Fridays Festival″ along Telegraph Avenue. One organization became two, though they remain closely aligned as cultural partners. Oakland Art Murmur is focused on connecting the public to Oakland's visual art, through programming such as the weekly Saturday Stroll art walk, different walking tours to inspire and educate participants about art, and the First Friday Art Walk.
Stuart McGugan
Stuart McGugan (born 2 March 1944) is a Scottish actor and television presenter. He is best known for the role of Gunner 'Atlas' Mackintosh in It Ain't Half Hot Mum and for being a presenter on the children's show Play School.

Gunner (rank)
Gunner (Gnr) is a rank equivalent to private in the British Army Royal Artillery and the artillery corps of other Commonwealth armies. The next highest rank is usually lance-bombardier, although in the Royal Canadian Artillery it is bombardier. Historically, there was an inferior rank, matross.
Chromis cinerascens
Chromis cinerascens, the green puller, is a diurnal species of damselfish belonging to the genus Chromis. It can be found in the Indo-West Pacific region, in Sri Lanka, Maldives, the Andaman Sea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, East Timor, Brunei Darussalam, North-western Australia, Hong Kong and Taiwan. It inhabits coral reefs. It is oviparous, and the males of the species guard and aerate the eggs.

Chromis
Chromis is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae.  While the term damselfish describes a group of marine fish including more than one genus, Chromis is the largest genus of damselfishes. Certain species within the genus are common in the aquarium trade.
Battle of Chippenham
The Battle of Chippenham was a January 878 battle between a Viking army led by Guthrum and Ubba an Anglo-Saxon army led by Alfred the Great. The Vikings forced Alfred to flee Chippenham and managed temporarily to gain control over most of Wessex.

The battle was part of a coordinated strike on Wessex led by Guthrum and Ubba, breaking an earlier truce between the two sides. Alfred, spending the winter at Chippenham, was without his army and was forced to flee to Athelney.

Following Ubba's defeat to Odda, Ealdorman of Devon, Alfred managed to muster his forces and reclaim Wessex following the Battle of Edington in May 878. Guthrum would not attack Wessex again, agreeing to the Treaty of Wedmore. Alfred would then reorganise the army of Wessex to ensure there was always a standing force ready to meet a threat.

Odda, Ealdorman of Devon
Odda, also known as Oddune, was a ninth-century ealdorman of Devon. He is known for his victory at the Battle of Cynwit in 878, where his West Saxon forces defeated a Viking army led by Ubba, brother of the Viking chiefs Ivar the Boneless and Halfdan Ragnarsson.
Rachad Fettal
Rachad Fettal Dhimi (Arabic: رشاد فتال الدهيمي; born 16 January 2005), sometimes known as just Rachad, is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Real Madrid Castilla. Born in Spain, he represented both its youth team as well as that of Morocco, before eventually choosing to return to his original national team.

Real Madrid Castilla
Real Madrid Castilla Club de Fútbol or Real Madrid B is a Spanish football team that plays in Primera Federación – Group 1. It is Real Madrid's reserve team. They play their home games at the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium with a capacity of 6,000 seats.

Reserve teams in Spain play in the same league system as their senior team rather than a separate league. Reserve teams, however, cannot play in the same division as their senior team. Therefore, Real Madrid Castilla are ineligible for promotion to the La Liga as long as Real Madrid plays there. Consequently, they must play at least one level below their main side and they are not eligible to play in the Copa del Rey. In addition, only under-23 players, or under-25 players with a professional contract, can switch between senior and reserve teams.
Sunny Chan (filmmaker)
Sunny Chan Wing-san (Chinese: 陳詠燊) is a Hong Kong director and screenwriter best known for co-writing comedy film Love Undercover (2002) with Joe Ma, and directing drama films Men On The Dragon (2018) and Table for Six (2022), which earned him nominations for Best Director twice in the 38th and 41st Hong Kong Film Awards respectively.

Love Undercover (film)
Love Undercover (新紮師妹) is a 2002 Hong Kong film directed by Joe Ma Wai-Ho.

The film was followed by two sequels, also directed by Joe Ma: Love Undercover 2: Love Mission (2003) and Love Undercover 3 (2006).
Floor sanding
Floor sanding is the process of removing the top surfaces of a wooden floor by sanding with abrasive materials.

A variety of floor materials can be sanded, including timber, cork, particleboard, and sometimes parquet. Some floors are laid and designed for sanding. Many old floors are sanded after the previous coverings are removed and suitable wood is found hidden beneath. Floor sanding usually involves three stages: Preparation, sanding, and coating with a protective sealant.

Parquet
Parquet (French: [paʁkɛ]; French for "a small compartment") is a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effect in flooring.

Parquet patterns are often entirely geometrical and angular—squares, triangles, lozenges—but may contain curves.  The most popular parquet flooring pattern is herringbone.
AquAdvantage salmon
AquAdvantage salmon is a genetically engineered (GE) fish, a GE Atlantic salmon developed by AquaBounty Technologies in 1989. The typical growth hormone-regulating gene  in the Atlantic salmon was replaced with the growth hormone-regulating gene from Pacific Chinook salmon, with a promoter sequence from ocean pout. This gene enables GM salmon to grow year-round instead of only during spring and summer.

These GE salmon are a commercially competitive alternative to wild-caught salmon and to fish farming of unmodified salmon. The purpose of the modifications is to increase the speed at which the fish grows without affecting its ultimate size or other qualities. Fish-farmed Atlantic salmon growth rates have already been improved over wild fish as a result of traditional selective breeding practices. However, GM fish are able to grow even faster and grow to market size in just 16 to 18 months rather than three years.

Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand).
Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism.
Elias Broomberg
Elias "Elly" Broomberg MLM (23 December 1915 – 4 November 1977) was a South African-born Rhodesian businessman and politician. Born and raised in Johannesburg, he emigrated to Southern Rhodesia in 1956 and co-founded a textile company in Bulawayo. First elected to Parliament in 1970, he was named Minister of Commerce and Industry by Prime Minister Ian Smith in 1974. Two years later, he was named Minister of Information, Immigration, and Tourism. He chose not to run for reelection in 1977, and after leaving both Parliament and the Cabinet, died the same year.

Cabinet of Rhodesia
This list includes ministers of the cabinet of Rhodesia from 11 November 1965, the date of Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence, to 1979. It includes ministers of Rhodesia's transitional government, which began following the 1978 Internal Settlement and ended with the establishment of Zimbabwe Rhodesia on 1 June 1979. The internal transitional government included the creation of a four-person "Executive Council" and the appointment of black co-ministers to cabinet portfolios.
Minamata (film)
Minamata is a 2020 biographical drama film directed by Andrew Levitas, based on the book of the same name by Aileen Mioko Smith and W. Eugene Smith. The film stars Johnny Depp (who also produced) as W. Eugene Smith, an American photographer who documented the effects of mercury poisoning on the citizens of Minamata, Kumamoto, Japan. The film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival on February 21, 2020. It was released in the United States on February 11, 2022, by Samuel Goldwyn Films. At the 94th Academy Awards in 2022, the film ranked third place in the Oscars Fan Favorite contest.

Samuel Goldwyn Films
Samuel Goldwyn Films, LLC is an American film company that licenses, releases and distributes art-house, independent and foreign films. It was founded by Samuel Goldwyn Jr., the son of the Hollywood business magnate/mogul, Samuel Goldwyn. The current incarnation is a successor to The Samuel Goldwyn Company.
Jill Adams (artist)
Jill Adams (29 October 1932 - 28 July 2016) was a South African artist. She has specialised in natural history illustrations. She was born in Durban in 1932, but lived for part of her life in Kimberley, where, on the staff of the McGregor Museum, she worked in close association with leading biologist, Dr Richard Liversidge. Adams died on 28 July 2016 in Somerset West.

Kimberley, South Africa
Kimberley  (Khoekhoe: ǃ’Ās; Tswana: Kimbali) is the capital and largest city of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It is located approximately 110 km east of the confluence of the Vaal and Orange Rivers. The city has considerable historical significance because of its diamond mining past and the siege during the Second Boer War. The British businessmen Cecil Rhodes and Barney Barnato made their fortunes in Kimberley, and Rhodes also established the De Beers diamond company in the early days of the mining town.

On 2 September 1882, Kimberley became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second in the world after Philadelphia, in the United States, to install electric street lighting. The first stock exchange in Africa was built in Kimberley as early as 1881.
Gran Canaria (Parliament of the Canary Islands constituency)
Gran Canaria is one of the seven constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Parliament of the Canary Islands, the regional legislature of the Autonomous Community of the Canary Islands. The constituency currently elects 15 deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the island of Gran Canaria. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of fifteen percent in the constituency or four percent regionally.

Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria (UK: /ˌɡræn kəˈnɛəriə, -ˈnɑːr-/, US: /ˌɡrɑːn kəˈnɑːriə, -ˈnɛər-/; Spanish: [ɡɾaŋ kaˈnaɾja] ⓘ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa. As of 2023 the island had a population of 862,893 that constitutes approximately 40% of the population of the archipelago. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, the capital of the island, is the largest city of the Canary Islands and the ninth-largest city of Spain.

Gran Canaria is located in the Atlantic Ocean in a region known as Macaronesia about 150 kilometres (93 mi) off the northwestern coast of Africa and about 1,350 km (840 mi) from Europe. With an area of 1,560 km2 (600 sq mi) and an altitude of 1,956 m (6,417 ft) at Morro de la Agujereada, Gran Canaria is the third largest island of the archipelago in both area and altitude. Gran Canaria is also the third most populated island in Spain.
Anselmo Gianfanti
Anselmo Gianfanti (28 September 1857–11 January 1907) was an Italian painter known for depiction of genre subjects and portraits. He was born in Montiano, a comune near the city of Cesena. He was a pupil of Domenico Morelli. He painted the Benedicamus Domini in the National Gallery of Modern Art in Rome. He also painted a Frati miniatore and various portraits.

He initially had gained a stipend to study at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze, but by 1880 was in Naples with Morelli. He befriended the painters of Cesena, Paolo Grilli and Tullio Golfarelli. In Cesena, he also met Giosuè Carducci and Nazzareno Trovanelli. He died in Cesena of tuberculosis.

Paolo Grilli
Paolo Grilli (3 August 1857 – 16 January 1952) was an Italian sculptor and painter.

He was born in Cesena. In the early 1880s, he studied in the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, and later in Rome. He returned to Cesena, where he was active in creating statues, busts and medallions for public and private commissions. He died in Rome.

It is unclear what his relationship was to Paolo Grilli, also from Cesena, who was arrested, along with Paolo Tibaldi from Longo and Giuseppe Bartolotti from Bologna, on June 13, 1857, in Paris for a conspiracy to murder the Emperor Napoleon III of France. This conspiracy appears to have been hatched by or with the help of Giuseppe Mazzini, then in exile in London. This is about a year before the Orsini affair.
Matt Vogler
Matt Vogler (born September 25, 1969) is an American former professional football quarterback who played two seasons in the Arena Football League with the Massachusetts Marauders and Miami Hooters. He played college football at Auburn University and Texas Christian University.

Florida Bobcats
The Florida Bobcats were an Arena Football League (AFL) team based in Sunrise, Florida. They were previously known as the Sacramento Attack and the Miami Hooters, and played in the AFL for a total of ten seasons, the last seven in West Palm Beach and Sunrise in the Miami metropolitan area.

The team was founded in 1992 as the Sacramento Attack, based in Sacramento, California. After their first season they relocated to Miami as the Miami Hooters, so named through a marketing deal with the restaurant chain Hooters. After three seasons the Hooters sponsorship was dropped and the team moved north to Sunrise where it changed its name. They folded after the 2001 season after years of weak attendance and poor performance. During their run they made two playoff appearances, once in Sacramento and once in Miami.
Zack Test
Zachary "Zack" Test (born October 13, 1989) is an American retired rugby union player who played for the United States national rugby sevens team. With 143 career tries in the World Rugby Sevens Series, Test led all U.S. players in tries scored until Perry Baker broke his record in early 2018. He is the former head coach of the San Diego Legion of Major League Rugby (MLR).

Perry Baker
Perry Baker (born June 29, 1986) is an American former rugby union player who played for the United States national rugby sevens team. He is a two-time World Rugby Sevens Player of the Year. At the time of his retirement, with 293 tries Baker ranked first among Americans and second among all international players in tries scored. He also ranked 7th on the all-time point-scoring list with 1,467.
Liñán's diffusion flame theory
Liñán diffusion flame theory is a theory developed by Amable Liñán in 1974 to explain the diffusion flame structure using activation energy asymptotics and Damköhler number asymptotics. Liñán used counterflowing jets of fuel and oxidizer to study the diffusion flame structure, analyzing for the entire range of Damköhler number. His theory predicted four different types of flame structure as follows,

Nearly-frozen ignition regime, where deviations from the frozen flow conditions are small (no reaction sheet exist in this regime),

Partial burning regime, where both fuel and oxidizer cross the reaction zone and enter into the frozen flow on other side,

Premixed flame regime, where only one of the reactants cross the reaction zone, in which case, reaction zone separates a frozen flow region from a near-equilibrium region,

Near-equilibrium diffusion-controlled regime, is a thin reaction zone, separating two near-equilibrium region.

Activation energy asymptotics
Activation energy asymptotics (AEA), also known as large activation energy asymptotics, is an asymptotic analysis used in the combustion field utilizing the fact that the reaction rate is extremely sensitive to temperature changes due to the large activation energy of the chemical reaction.