hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bill Lindsay (rugby union)
William George Lindsay (29 December 1879 — 15 May 1965) was a New Zealand international rugby union player.

Born in Waikouaiti, Lindsay came late to first-class rugby, not debuting for Southland until the age of 32 in 1912. He was an All Blacks replacement on their 1914 tour of Australia, after hooker Peter Williams became unavailable, making him one of the oldest players to debut for New Zealand at 34. Appearing in four uncapped matches, Lindsay played a warm-up match against Wellington, then three matches over the course of the tour, which the All Blacks finished undefeated.

Lindsay captained Athletic to a Galbraith Shield title in 1918 and continued playing club rugby until the age of 42, lastly with Dunedin club Pirates. He coached in the Dunedin area for many years, including with Pirates and Taieri.

Peter Williams (rugby union, born 1884)
Peter Williams (22 April 1884 – 30 August 1976) was a rugby union player who represented New Zealand nine times, including a single Test match. He played club rugby for Dunedin side Alhambra, and played provincial rugby for Otago between 1908 and 1914. His sole season of international rugby was 1913, when he played in a home Test against Australia before touring North America with the All Blacks – as New Zealand's international team is known – that same year. He was selected for a tour of Australia the following year, but was unavailable and so did not play.

During World War I Williams enlisted as a gunner in the New Zealand Field Artillery in late 1914, but, following illness in Egypt in 1915, he was invalided back to New Zealand and discharged as medically unfit to serve in 1916.

Following the death of Billy Wallace in 1972, Williams held the distinction of being the oldest living All Black. He died in Mosgiel on 30 August 1976, and was buried in Geraldine Cemetery.
Battle of Tuyú Cué
The Battle of Tuyú Cué was a minor Paraguayan ambush against the allied army's supply lines in August 1867, during the Paraguayan War. The Paraguayan troops, led by major Bernardino Caballero, managed to surprise a convoy and its guards, but were driven back after a quick allied reaction.

Treaty of the Triple Alliance
The Treaty of the Triple Alliance allied the Empire of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay against Paraguay. Signed in 1865, after the outbreak of the Paraguayan War, its articles (plus a Protocol) prescribed the allies' actions both during and after the war. An English translation of the text is reproduced in this article.

The war lasted until 1870 and led to the near-annihilation of Paraguay.  After Paraguay's defeat, Brazil and Argentina, who were traditional enemies, hovered on the brink of mutual warfare for six years because of disputes and misunderstandings about the treaty.

According to article XVI Argentina was to receive a 600 km strip of territory in the Chaco north of the Pilcomayo River, nearly up to the Bolivian border.  From the start the Brazilian government set out to frustrate the implementation of this particular stipulation, and eventually succeeded.  Today this territory — the Central Chaco — belongs to Paraguay.
Mojtaba Shiri (footballer, born 1979)
Mojtaba Shiri (Persian: مجتبی شیری, born 29 October 1979 in Shiraz, Iran) was an Iranian football defender. After a great season with Esteghlal Ahvaz he was soon noticed by Iran national football team coach Ali Daei and was included in the national team for the WAFF championships. His elder brother, Mehdi was also a professional football player.

Esteghlal Ahvaz F.C.
Esteghlal Ahvaz Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال استقلال اهواز, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Esteqlâl Ahvaz), commonly known as Esteghlal Ahvaz, was an Iranian football club based in Ahvaz, Khuzestan, that competed in the Khuzestan Province league. The club was founded in 1948 as Taj Ahvaz Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال تاج اهواز).

The football team played their home games at the Takhti Ahvaz which has a seating capacity of 10,000. The club was owned and supported by Mohammad Maleki.
Oliver de Critz
Oliver de Critz (1626 – 1651) was an English painter.

He was born in London in 1626, the son of John de Critz, a painter of Flemish descent who was the Serjeant Painter of Britain, and his third wife. His relatives Thomas and Emmanuel were also painters. His name is also spelled Oliver Decritz and Oliver de Crats.

A possible self-portrait by Oliver de Critz is in the Ashmolean Museum. In it, he is depicted with a green cloak. In 1646, Oliver de Critz inherited from his grandfather "my greene Cloake". However, this portrait could also be the work of his half-brother Thomas.

He died in London in August or September 1651, and was buried on 27 September 1651.

Thomas de Critz
Thomas De Critz or Decritz (1 July 1607 – 22 October 1653) was an English painter.

He was born in London, the son of the Flemish-born painter John de Critz.  He worked for the English court and was entrusted with the restoration and cleaning of Charles I's paintings.  Decritz also painted the coffered ceiling of the 1653 Double Cube Room at Wilton House, showing the story of Perseus.

Thomas de Critz died in London.
Raccordo autostradale RA13
Raccordo autostradale 13 (RA 13; "Motorway connection 13"), also called Raccordo autostradale Sistiana-Padriciano ("Sistiana-Padriciano motorway connection"), is an autostrada (Italian for "motorway") 21.0 kilometres (13.0 mi) long in Italy located in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia which connects the Autostrada A4 with the Autostrada Sistiana-Rabuiese for the port of Trieste and the Trieste Airport near Padriciano, a hamlet of Trieste, and it is part of the so-called Grande Viabilità Triestina. It is a part of the E70 European route.

Autostrada A4 (Italy)
The Autostrada A4, or Autostrada Serenissima ("Serenissima motorway"), is an autostrada (Italian for "motorway") 523.1 kilometres (325.0 mi) long in Italy located in the regions of Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia which connects Turin and Trieste via Milan and Venice crossing the entire Po Valley from west to east.

The city of Venice (or rather, Mestre, a mainland frazione of Venice) originally formed a bottleneck on the A4, but is now bypassed by the Passante di Mestre (the old route through Mestre was renumbered A57). The A4 passes just north of the city of Milan, where it is toll-free. It is a part of the E55, E64 and E70 European routes.
Charley Stone
Charley Stone is an English multi-instrumentalist musician based in London, UK. Active in the indie scene since the early 1990s, in 2024 Stone released her debut solo album, "Here Comes The Actual Band", to positive reviews from Louder Than War, Loud Women, The Idler, and others.

Charlotte Hatherley
Charlotte Franklin Hatherley (born 20 June 1979) is an English singer, guitarist and songwriter. She initially came to prominence as guitarist and backing vocalist for alternative rock band Ash. Since leaving Ash in 2006, she has worked as a solo artist and acted as a touring musician for Bryan Ferry, KT Tunstall, Bat for Lashes, Cold Specks, Rosie Lowe and Birdy. Hatherley has also been a touring member of NZCA Lines and was the Musical Director for South African artist Nakhane.
Johnny Rollo
Johnny Rollo (born in Glasgow, Scotland; died Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) was a Scottish soccer player who typically played as an inside forward, but also as both a half back and full back. He began his career with Rangers F.C., but had his greatest success in the American Soccer League. He later coached at the amateur level.

American Soccer League (1921–1933)
The American Soccer League, established on May 7, 1921 by a group of investors, was the first of four different professional soccer sports leagues in the United States to use the ASL name. It was formed by the merger of teams from the National Association Football League and the Southern New England Soccer League. For several years the ASL's popularity rivaled the popularity of the National Football League. Disputes with the United States Football Association and FIFA, as well as the onset of the Great Depression, led to the league's collapse in spring 1933.
Adolphe Smith Headingley
Adolphe Smith Headingley (1846–1925) was a British left-wing political writer. Half-French, Smith Headingley was a member of the First International and took part in the Paris Commune. In 1877–78, he wrote and published the magazine series Street Life in London with photographer John Thomson, to raise awareness of the plight of the city's poor. Smith Headingley played a key role in organising the 1882 International Trades Union Congress and served as an interpreter at successive conferences from 1886 to 1905. It was Smith Headingley that, in the 1890s, popularised the singing of the socialist anthem "The Red Flag" to the tune of "O Tannenbaum".

O Tannenbaum
"O Tannenbaum" (German: [oː ˈtanənbaʊm]; "O fir tree"), known in English as "O Christmas Tree", is a German Christmas song. Based on a traditional folk song that was unrelated to the holiday, it became associated with the traditional Christmas tree.
ABCC11
ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family C member 11, also MRP8 (Multidrug Resistance-Related Protein 8), is a membrane transporter that exports certain molecules from inside a cell. It is a protein that in humans is encoded by gene ABCC11.

The gene is responsible for determination of human cerumen type (wet or dry ear wax) and presence of underarm osmidrosis (odor associated with sweat caused by apocrine secretion), and is associated with colostrum secretion.

Apocrine
Apocrine (/ˈæpəkrɪn/)  is a term used to classify the mode of secretion of exocrine glands. In apocrine secretion, secretory cells accumulate material at their apical ends, often forming blebs or "snouts", and this material then buds off from the cells, forming extracellular vesicles. The secretory cells therefore lose part of their cytoplasm in the process of secretion.

An example of true apocrine glands is the mammary glands, responsible for secreting breast milk. Apocrine glands are also found in the anogenital region and axillae.

Apocrine secretion is less damaging to the gland than holocrine secretion (which destroys a cell) but more damaging than merocrine secretion (exocytosis).

Apocrine secretion

Apocrine gland

Histology of apocrine cells, H&E stain.
Denis Ring
Denis Ring (28 October 1897 – 26 May 1977) was an Irish hurler who played for Cork Senior Championship club St Finbarr's. He also had a brief career with the Cork senior hurling team, with whom he was an All-Ireland Championship runner-up alongside his brother Dannix in 1920.

1920 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1920 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the 34th staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 9 May 1920 and ended on 14 May 1922.

Cork were the defending champions; however, they were defeated by Dublin by 4–9 to 4–3 in the final.

The final stages of the championship were delayed due to the ongoing War of Independence.
Nhất Chi Mai
Nhất Chi Mai (February 20, 1934 – May 16, 1967), born Phan Thị Mai and legally named Thích nữ Diệu Huỳnh, was a Buddhist nun who killed herself in an act of self-immolation in Saigon on May 16, 1967, in protest at the Vietnam War.

Self-immolation
Self-immolation is the act of setting oneself on fire. It is mostly done for political or religious reasons, often as a form of protest or in acts of martyrdom, and known for its disturbing and violent nature.
Romel Currency
Romel Kwesi Currency (born 7 May 1982) is a former West Indian cricketer who played first-class cricket and List A cricket for the Windward Islands. He was born at Mesopotamia on Saint Vincent.

Currency made his debut for the Windward Islands in 2000, playing for the side until the 2014/15 season. In total he played in 71 first-class matches in his career, including 26 for Combined Campuses and Colleges (CCC) whilst he was a student. He captained the CCC side in the Caribbean T20 tournament between 2010/11 and 2011/12. As of August 2018 Currency and Devon Smith held the record for the highest first-wicket partnership made in first-class cricket by the Windward Islands, scoring 309 runs against Kenya at Kingstown in February 2004, Currency scoring his only first-class century during the partnership.

Sunil Ambris, who has played international cricket for the West Indies, is Currency's younger half-brother. Ambris has said that Currency has been a major influence on his career.

Sunil Ambris
Sunil Walford Ambris (born 23 March 1993) is a Vincentian professional cricketer who has represented the West Indies in Tests and ODIs. He currently captains the Windward Islands and has also represented Combined Campuses and Colleges in West Indian domestic cricket, as well as representing the St Lucia Zouks in the Caribbean Premier League (CPL). He was the first player to be dismissed hit-wicket twice in consecutive Tests and the first to be dismissed hit-wicket on Test debut.
Alan Thaw
Alan Campbell Thaw (17 January 1926 – 22 February 2007) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Essendon in the Victorian Football League.

Recruited locally, Thaw was a back pocket in Essendon's 1949 premiership side. He retired in 1954 and the following season was put in charge of the Reserves team, coaching them until 1959. In the 1959 VFL season he coached Essendon to a win over Fitzroy when Dick Reynolds was unavailable. From 1960 to 1976, Thaw was coach of Essendon's Under-19s and steered them to premierships in 1961 and 1966.

Prior to his football career, Thaw served in the Australian Army during the latter part of World War II.

Dick Reynolds
Richard Sylvannus Reynolds (20 June 1915 – 2 September 2002) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Essendon Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Reynolds is one of four footballers to have won three Brownlow Medals, with the others being Haydn Bunton Sr., Bob Skilton and Ian Stewart. Revered by Essendon supporters, he was often referred to simply as "King Richard".
Anazapta
Anazapta is a 2002 British mystery thriller film directed by Alberto Sciamma and starring Jason Flemyng, Lena Headey, Christopher Fairbank, Ian McNeice, Jeff Nuttall. In the US the film was released as Black Plague.

Christopher Fairbank
Christopher E. Fairbank (born 4 October 1953) is an English actor. He is best known in the UK for playing Moxey in the comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet. Fairbank has had roles in Coronation Street, Batman, Doctor Who and Shakespeare & Hathaway: Private Investigators. He has a recurring role in the Guardians of the Galaxy films as The Broker, and in 2024 portrayed Eddie Knight in a few episodes of EastEnders.
Ai Sugiyama
Ai Sugiyama (杉山愛, Sugiyama Ai; born July 5, 1975) is a Japanese former tennis player. She reached the world No. 1 ranking in women's doubles on the WTA Tour and had a career-high singles ranking of world No. 8, achieved on February 9, 2004. In her career, she won six singles and 38 doubles titles, including three Grand Slam titles (one with Julie Halard-Decugis and two partnering Kim Clijsters), and one Grand Slam mixed doubles title (partnering Mahesh Bhupathi). Sugiyama held the all-time record, for both male and female players, for her 62 consecutive Grand Slam main-draw appearances, until she was surpassed by Roger Federer at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships.

Amanda Coetzer
Amanda Coetzer (born 22 October 1971) is a South African former professional tennis player. She was ranked as high as world No. 3 by the Women's Tennis Association, achieved in November 1997. Coetzer won nine WTA Tour titles in singles and nine in doubles, and reached three major singles semifinals (at the 1996 and 1997 Australian Opens and the 1997 French Open) and one major doubles final (at the 1993 US Open). Coetzer earned a reputation for regularly beating players who were ranked higher than her. By virtue of scoring so many upset wins in spite of her 5'2" (1.58m) stature, she gained the nickname: "The Little Assassin".
Inspector Avinash
Inspector Avinash is a 2023 Hindi-language action crime thriller web series written and directed by Neeraj Pathak. It stars Randeep Hooda, Urvashi Rautela, Amit Sial, Shalin Bhanot, Rahul Mittra, Zakir Hussain, Ayeesha S. Aiman, Zohaeb Farooqui, Bidita Bag, Pravin Sisodia, Rajneesh Duggal, Ajay Chaudhary and others.

Urvashi Rautela
Urvashi Rautela (/ʊərˈvɑːʃi rɔːˈtɛlə/; born 25 February 1994) is an Indian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who predominantly works in Hindi and Telugu films. She gained prominence after winning the title of Miss Diva- Miss Universe India 2015, and representing India at Miss Universe 2015. She began her modelling career at the age of 15 and also previously won the title of Miss Teen India 2009.

Rautela made her acting debut in 2013 with Singh Saab the Great (2013) and has since appeared in some notable films like Sanam Re (2016), Great Grand Masti (2016), Hate Story 4 (2018), Pagalpanti (2019), and Daaku Maharaaj (2025).
Oallen
Oallen (/oʊlən/) is a locality in the Goulburn Mulwaree Council area, New South Wales, Australia. It is located on the Shoalhaven River and the Oallen Ford Road about 61 km southeast of Goulburn and 82 km southwest of Nowra. The Oallen Ford Road has recently been upgraded to improve the connection from Canberra and Goulburn to Nerriga, Nowra and Jervis Bay. At the 2016 census, Oallen had a population of 141.

The Shoalhaven River in the Oallen Ford area was an area where gold was panned for in the 19th century. There has been a recent revival of gold panning.

Nerriga, New South Wales
Nerriga (/nɛrəɡə/) is a small village in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council.  It is situated at the edge of Morton National Park, on the Braidwood - Nowra road. The population of Nerriga and the surrounding localities at the 2016 census was 72.
Marcos Maidana
Marcos René Maidana (born 17 July 1983) is an Argentine former professional boxer who competed from 2004 to 2014. He held the WBA (Regular) super lightweight title from 2011 to 2012, and the WBA welterweight title from 2013 to 2014. A versatile brawler in the ring, Maidana was well known for his formidable punching power, and was never stopped in any of his five losses.

Paulie Malignaggi
Paul Malignaggi (/ˈpɔːli ˌmɑːlɪˈnɑːdʒi/ MAH-lih-NAH-jee; born November 23, 1980) is an Italian-American former professional boxer who competed from 2001 to 2017 and has since worked as a boxing commentator and analyst, currently with BYB Extreme Bare Knuckle Fighting Series and ProBox TV alongside Mike Goldberg. He has held the world titles in two weight divisions including the International Boxing Federation (IBF) junior welterweight title from 2007 to 2008, and the World Boxing Association (WBA) welterweight title from 2012 to 2013. Malignaggi was particularly known for his hand speed, boxing ability, athleticism, and durable chin.
Maze runner
In electronic design automation, maze runner is a connection routing method that represents the entire routing space as a grid. Parts of this grid are blocked by components, specialised areas, or already present wiring. The grid size corresponds to the wiring pitch of the area. The goal is to find a chain of grid cells that go from point A to point B.

A maze runner may use the Lee algorithm. It uses a wave propagation style (a wave are all cells that can be reached in n steps) throughout the routing space. The wave stops when the target is reached, and the path is determined by backtracking through the cells.

Electronic design automation
Electronic design automation (EDA), also referred to as electronic computer-aided design (ECAD), is a category of software tools for designing electronic systems such as integrated circuits and printed circuit boards. The tools work together in a design flow that chip designers use to design and analyze entire semiconductor chips. Since a modern semiconductor chip can have billions of components, EDA tools are essential for their design. A complete set of technologies are integrated in EDA tools, which have been expanded to software, hardware and design methodologies (such as through design services),  this article in particular describes EDA specifically with respect to integrated circuits (ICs).
Logical quality
In many philosophies of logic, statements are categorized into different logical qualities based on how they go about saying what they say.  Doctrines of logical quality are an attempt to answer the question: "How many qualitatively different ways are there of saying something?"  Aristotle answers, two: you can affirm something of something or deny something of something.  Since Frege, the normal answer in the West, is only one, assertion, but what is said, the content of the claim, can vary.  For Frege asserting the negation of a claim serves roughly the same role as denying a claim does in Aristotle.  Other Western logicians such as Kant and Hegel answer, ultimately three; you can affirm, deny or make merely limiting affirmations, which transcend both affirmation and denial.  In Indian logic, four logical qualities have been the norm, and Nāgārjuna is sometimes interpreted as arguing for five.

Nagarjuna
Nāgārjuna (Sanskrit: नागार्जुन, Nāgārjuna; c. 150 – c. 250 CE) was an Indian philosopher and Mahāyāna Buddhist monk of the Madhyamaka (Centrism, Middle Way) school. Nāgārjuna is widely considered one of the most important Buddhist philosophers. He was the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Buddhist philosophy and a defender of the Mahāyāna movement. His Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (Root Verses on Madhyamaka, MMK) is the most important text on the Madhyamaka philosophy of emptiness. The MMK inspired a large number of commentaries in Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, Korean and Japanese and continues to be studied today.
European Innovation Council
The European Innovation Council (EIC) was introduced by the European Commission to support the commercialization of high-risk, high-impact technologies in the European Union. The fully-fledged EIC was launched March 2021 under Horizon Europe and is incorporated within the European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency (EISMEA).  Its goal is to aid researchers, start-ups and SMEs bring their innovations to market by providing funding, networking and partnership opportunities, and business acceleration services. In its latest form, the concept has been put forth by the EU Research Commissioner Carlos Moedas in mid-2015.  The EIC has a budget of €10.1 billion to support innovations throughout the lifecycle from early stage research, to proof of concept, technology transfer, and the financing and scale up of start-ups and SMEs.

Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development
The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon.

The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe, has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years.

The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies.