hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guadalupe Mountains
The Guadalupe Mountains (Spanish: Sierra de Guadalupe) are a mountain range located in West Texas and southeastern New Mexico. The range includes the highest summit in Texas, Guadalupe Peak, 8,751 ft (2,667 m), and the "signature peak" of West Texas, El Capitan, both of which are located within Guadalupe Mountains National Park. The Guadalupe Mountains are bordered by the Pecos River valley and Llano Estacado to the east and north, Delaware Mountains to the south, and Sacramento Mountains to the west. One of the clearest exposures of a prehistoric reef is preserved in the mountain range's bedrock geology. Bedrock contains fossils of reef-dwelling organisms from the Permian period, and the geology is widely studied, mostly by stratigraphers, paleontologists, and Paleoecologists (see geology section).

Pecos River
The Pecos River (/ˈpeɪkəs/ PAY-kəs; Spanish: Río Pecos) originates in north-central New Mexico and flows into Texas, emptying into the Rio Grande. Its headwaters are on the eastern slope of the Sangre de Cristo mountain range in Mora County north of Pecos, New Mexico, at an elevation of over 12,000 feet (3,700 m). The river flows for 926 miles (1,490 km) before reaching the Rio Grande near Del Rio. Its drainage basin encompasses about 44,300 square miles (115,000 km2).

The name "Pecos" [p'æyok'ona], derives from the Keresan (Native American language) term for the Pecos Pueblo, c[p'æyok'ona].  The river was also historically referred to as the Río Natagés for the Mescalero people.
Mick Lawler
Michael Lawler (16 October 1942 – 8 November 2022) was an Irish hurler. At club level he played with Coon, Carnew Emmets and Conahy Shamrocks, and also lined out at inter-county level with Kilkenny and Wicklow.

Conahy Shamrocks GAA
Conahy Shamrocks is a Gaelic Athletic Association club situated in the small parish of Conahy, in County Kilkenny, Ireland. The club was founded in 1886, and is therefore one of the oldest in the county. Conahy won the 2008 All-Ireland Junior Club Hurling Championship in Croke Park, defeating Moyle Rovers of Tipperary. Conahy club member, and then president of the GAA, Nickey Brennan presented the cup to his home club. The club won the All-Ireland Junior title again in 2020.
National Youth Orchestra of the Netherlands
The National Youth Orchestra of the Netherlands (NJO, Dutch: Nationaal Jeugdorkest) is the national youth orchestra of the Netherlands, founded in 1957. It consists of young musicians between 18 and 26 years of age.

It has appeared with conductors including Philippe Herreweghe, Iván Fischer, Jaap van Zweden, Reinbert de Leeuw and Oliver Knussen and soloists Nino Gvetadze, Hannes Minnaar, Isabelle van Keulen, Lucas Jussen, Harriet Krijgh, Alexander Romanovsky, Alexander Sitkovetsky and Claron McFadden.

The orchestra made its debut at Young Euro Classic in 2015. It is a member of the European Federation of National Youth Orchestras.

European Federation of National Youth Orchestras
The European Federation of National Youth Orchestras (EFNYO) is the association of the national youth orchestras of Europe. Its mission statement is to "provide a unique platform for the exchange of experience in orchestra training". It is co-funded by the Creative Europe Programme of the European Union.

EFNYO is a member of the European Music Council, International Music Council, Jeunesses Musicales International and Culture Action Europe.
Staughton Lynd
Staughton Craig Lynd (November 22, 1929 – November 17, 2022) was an American political activist, author, and lawyer. His involvement in social justice causes brought him into contact with some of the nation's most influential activists, including Howard Zinn, Tom Hayden, A. J. Muste, and David Dellinger.

Lynd's contribution to the cause of social justice and the peace movement is chronicled in Carl Mirra's biography, The Admirable Radical: Staughton Lynd and Cold War Dissent, 1945–1970 (2010).

David Dellinger
David T. Dellinger (August 22, 1915 – May 25, 2004) was an American pacifist and an activist for nonviolent social change. Although active beginning in the early 1940s, Dellinger reached peak prominence as one of the Chicago Seven, who were put on trial in 1969.
Mahram Tehran BC
Mahram Tehran Basketball Club is an Iranian professional basketball club based in Tehran, Iran. They compete in the Iranian Basketball Super League. Mahram is considered one of the giants of Iranian Basketball and were Champions of Asia in 2009 and 2010. Mahram has won the Iranian Basketball Super League championship a total of six times.

They are owned and sponsored by Mahram Food Company, Which is a recognised food processing company located in Tehran.

Iranian Basketball Super League
The Iranian Basketball Super League (IBSL) is a professional men's basketball league in Iran. It was founded in 1998. The current champions is Shahrdari Gorgan. The league follows the promotion and relegation system in which the worst two teams are relegated to 1st Division.
Conspirare
Conspirare is a choral ensemble based in Austin, Texas. They were formed in 1991 by conductor and musical director Craig Hella Johnson as New Texas Festival but did not begin to regularly perform until 1999. They have released over 25 albums and one DVD and have been nominated for eight Grammy Awards. Their sixth Grammy-nominated album, The Sacred Spirit of Russia (Harmonia Mundi HMU 807526), was the winner of the 2015 Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance. Conspirare has commissioned works from composers including David Lang, Tarik O'Regan, Jocelyn Hagen, Donald Grantham, Eric Whitacre, Nico Muhly, Mark Adamo, Robert Kyr, Jake Heggie, Eric Banks, and Jake Runestad.

Tarik O'Regan
Tarik Hamilton O'Regan (/ˈtærɪk oʊˈriːɡən/; born 1 January 1978) is a British and American composer. His compositions are partially represented on numerous recordings which have been recognised with two Grammy nominations. He is also the recipient of two British Composer Awards. O'Regan has served on the Faculties of Columbia University as a Fulbright Chester Schirmer Fellow, The Radcliffe Institute of Harvard University as a Radcliffe Fellow, Yale University, Trinity College in the University of Cambridge, Rutgers University, Stanford University as a Visiting Artist, and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton as Director's Visitor.

O'Regan's compositions incorporate the influence of Renaissance vocal writing, the music of North Africa, British rock bands of the 1960s and 1970s, jazz and Minimalist music. His music is often rhythmically complex and employs varying approaches to tonality.
The Preview Murder Mystery
The Preview Murder Mystery is a 1936 American comedy mystery film directed by Robert Florey and starring Reginald Denny, Frances Drake and Gail Patrick. It was produced and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The plot follows a studio public relations man who attempts to trap a killer using television technology, allowing on-screen glimpses of technicians like Florey's cinematographer Karl Struss.

Gail Patrick
Gail Patrick (born Margaret LaVelle Fitzpatrick; June 20, 1911 – July 6, 1980) was an American film actress and television producer. Often cast as the bad girl or the other woman, she appeared in more than 60 feature films between 1932 and 1948, notably My Man Godfrey (1936), Stage Door (1937), and My Favorite Wife (1940).

After retiring from acting, she became, as Gail Patrick Jackson, president of Paisano Productions and executive producer of the Perry Mason television series (1957–1966). She was one of the first female producers, and the only female executive producer in prime time during the nine years Perry Mason was on the air. She served two terms (1960–1962) as vice president of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and as president of its Hollywood chapter—the first woman to serve in a leadership capacity in the academy, and its only female leader until 1983.
32nd Flying Training Squadron
The 32d Flying Training Squadron was last part of the 71st Flying Training Wing based at Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma. It operated Beechcraft T-1 Jayhawk aircraft conducting flight training. It was inactivated on 14 September 2012.

Raytheon T-1 Jayhawk
The Raytheon T-1 Jayhawk is a twin-engined jet aircraft used by the United States Air Force for advanced pilot training.  T-1A students go on to fly airlift and tanker aircraft. The T-400 is a similar version for the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.
Half Tee Half Beast
Half Tee Half Beast is the fourth commercial mixtape by American rapper Tee Grizzley. It was released on April 15, 2022, by Grizzley Gang and 300 Entertainment. The mixtape features guest appearances from Lakeyah and Baby Grizzley. The mixtape was mainly produced by J. R. Rotem, alongside other producers including Chopsquad DJ, D.A. Got That Dope, and Helluva, among others. The mixtape was supported by three singles: "Afterlife", "Beat The Streets" and "Buss It All Down". The mixtape received mixed critical reviews and charted at number 116 on the US Billboard 200 chart, dated April 30, 2022.

D.A. Got That Dope
David Lewis "D.A." Doman (born August 3, 1984), known professionally as D.A. Got That Dope (stylized in all lowercase), is an American record producer from Chicago, Illinois. He began his career in the mid-2000s working with Chicago-based underground artists such as Bump J, Mikkey Halsted, and Kidz in the Hall. He handled drum programming for record producer J. R. Rotem for several years, and in 2011, he moved to Los Angeles to further pursue work in the music industry.

D.A. has since been credited on the singles "Privacy" by Chris Brown, "Zeze" by Kodak Black, "Taste" by Tyga, "Godzilla" by Eminem and Juice Wrld, and "Demons" by Doja Cat. In 2019, Doman discovered American rapper and singer 24kGoldn, for whom he has served as A&R.
Acadieville Parish
Acadieville is a geographic parish in Kent County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes it is almost entirely within the village of Nouvelle-Arcadie, with a small area on the eastern boundary part of the Kent rural district, both of which are members of the Kent Regional Service Commission.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between the village of Rogersville and the local service district of the parish of Acadieville, which included an area with reduced services named Acadie Siding.

Rogersville, New Brunswick
Rogersville is a former village in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, built around the Intersection of New Brunswick Route 126 and New Brunswick Route 440. It was an incorporated village until the end of 2022 and is now part of the village of Nouvelle-Arcadie.
The Blue Moon Boys
The Blue Moon Boys were an American rock and roll band that was formed by Elvis Presley, lead guitarist Scotty Moore and double bass player Bill Black. The group members were introduced by Sun Studio owner Sam Phillips in 1954, except for drummer D.J. Fontana, who joined the group during a Louisiana Hayride tour in 1955. The Blue Moon Boys were inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2007. The band was named after Bill Monroe's song "Blue Moon of Kentucky".

Sam Phillips
Samuel Cornelius Phillips (January 5, 1923 – July 30, 2003) was an American disc jockey, songwriter and record producer. He was the founder of Sun Records and Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, where he produced recordings by Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, and Howlin' Wolf. Phillips played a major role in the development of rock and roll during the 1950s, launching the career of Presley. In 1969, he sold Sun to Shelby Singleton.

Phillips was the owner and operator of radio stations in Memphis; Florence, Alabama; and Lake Worth Beach, Florida. He was also an early investor in the Holiday Inn chain of hotels and an advocate for racial equality, helping to break down racial barriers in the music industry.
Christopher Milo
Christopher Milo (born November 2, 1986) is a Canadian former professional Canadian football placekicker. He was drafted 30th overall by the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the 2011 CFL draft and signed with the team on June 1, 2011. He played CIS football for the Laval Rouge et Or. During his college career, Milo won the Vanier Cup twice and he has helped the Roughriders and Ottawa Redblacks both win a Grey Cup in the CFL.

2011 CFL draft
The 2011 CFL draft took place on Sunday, May 8, 2011 at 12:30 PM ET on TSN. 47 players were chosen from among eligible players from Canadian Universities across the country, as well as Canadian players playing in the NCAA. The Toronto Argonauts, Montreal Alouettes and Hamilton Tiger-Cats had the most draft selections with a total of seven apiece. Next came the Calgary Stampeders and Winnipeg Blue Bombers who each had six selections. The BC Lions and Saskatchewan Roughriders both picked five times. The Edmonton Eskimos had the fewest picks, with only four. A total of five trades involving 14 draft picks were made on the draft day itself. Of the 47 draft selections, 34 players were drafted from Canadian Interuniversity Sport institutions.
Administrative divisions of Koryak Autonomous Okrug
Koryak Autonomous Okrug was a federal subject of Russia until June 30, 2007.  On July 1, 2007 it was merged with Kamchatka Oblast to form Kamchatka Krai.  After the merger, it retains a status of an administrative division within Kamchatka Krai.

Districts:
Karaginsky (Карагинский)
Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
Ossora (Оссора)
Olyutorsky (Олюторский)
Penzhinsky (Пенжинский)
Tigilsky (Тигильский)
Urban-type settlements under the district's jurisdiction:
Palana (Палана) (administrative center)

Koryak Okrug
Koryak Okrug (Russian: Корякский округ, IPA: [kɐˈrʲakskʲɪj ˈokrʊk]; Koryak: Чав’чываокруг, romanized: Caw’cywaokrug), or Koryakia (/kɔːrˈjækiə/; Russian: Корякия, IPA: [kɐˈrʲækʲɪjə]), was an administrative division with a special status within Kamchatka Krai, Russia. It was a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Kamchatka Oblast) from 1931 until July 1, 2007, when it merged with Kamchatka Oblast. Prior to the merger, it was called Koryak Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Корякский автономный округ). Its administrative center was the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Palana. Population:  18,759 (2010 census); 25,157 (2002 census); 39,363 (1989 Soviet census).
Dhola Junction railway station
Dhola Junction railway station is a major railway station serving in Bhavnagar district of Gujarat State of India. It serves Dhola town. It is under Bhavnagar railway division of Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. Dhola Junction railway station is 49 km away from Bhavnagar Terminus. Passenger, Express and Superfast trains halt here.

Bhavnagar Terminus railway station
Bhavnagar Terminus railway station (station code:- BVC) is a railway station serving Bhavnagar town, in Bhavnagar district of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is under Bhavnagar railway division of Western Railway zone of Indian Railways. Bhavnagar Terminus is "A" category station of Bhavnagar railway division of Western Railway zone. As of 2022, a single electric broad-gauge railway line exists.

Bhavnagar Terminus is well connected by rail to Udhampur, Kakinada Port, Kochuveli, Dhanbad Junction, Asansol Junction, Bandra Terminus, Surendranagar Junction, Botad Junction, Palitana, Mahuva Junction, Veraval Junction, Porbandar, Sabarmati Junction, Haridwar, Ajmer Junction, Jaipur Junction, Lucknow Charbagh, Ayodhya Cantt, and Okha. Total 20 trains start from here.
Mogens Lorentzen
Mogens Lorentzen (4 April 1892 – 7 February 1953) was a Danish writer, painter and illustrator, born in Copenhagen. He travelled in Europe to study painting, and also trained under Holger Grønvold and Peter Rostrup Bøyesen. He enjoyed a varied career of painting, illustrating and writing, specialising in short prose pieces, poems and lyrics. He is particularly remembered in Denmark as the author of the 1939 Christmas carol Juletræet med sin pynt ("The Christmas tree with its decoration"), to music by Egil Harder. He was also a popular radio broadcaster in the 1930s and 1940s, and several collections of his broadcasts were published, as were his collected poems towards the end of his life as Dage og Nætter.

He submitted an entry for the painting event in the art competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics.

Lorentzen died in Copenhagen on 7 February 1953 and is buried in the Holmen Cemetery.

Art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Art competitions were held as part of the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.  Medals were awarded in five categories (architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture), for works inspired by sport-related themes.

Art competitions were part of the Olympic program from 1912 to 1948, but were discontinued due to concerns about amateurism and professionalism.  Since 1952, a non-competitive art and cultural festival has been associated with each Games.
2023 Rugby World Cup Pool A
Pool A of the 2023 Rugby World Cup began on 8 September 2023 and concluded on 6 October 2023. The pool included hosts France and previous three-time champions New Zealand, along with Italy, Uruguay and Namibia. Hosts France and New Zealand, whom France had defeated in the opening match, qualified from the pool.

Namibia national rugby union team
The Namibia national rugby union team (nicknamed the Welwitschias) represents Namibia in men's international rugby union competitions. They are a tier-two nation in the World Rugby tier system, and have participated in seven Rugby World Cup competitions since their first appearance in 1999. They are governed by the Namibia Rugby Union.

Namibia has been playing international rugby since the early 1900s. As well as having competed at the World Cup, Namibia competes annually in the Africa Cup. Until independence, players for Namibia were also eligible to represent South Africa, with Namibian-born Springboks including Jan Ellis.
FC Avangard
FC Avangard (Kazakh: Авангард футбол клубы, Avangard Fýtbol Klýby) is a defunct Kazakhstani football club that was based in Petropavl. The club won the Kazakhstan First Division in 2006, but were refused promotion to the Kazakhstan Super League due to financial constraints.

Kazakhstan First League
The Kazakhstan First Division (Kazakh: Қазақстан бірінші лигасы, romanized: Qazaqstan bırınşı ligasy) is the second division of football in Kazakhstan. The League is controlled by the Football Union of Kazakhstan and feeds into the Kazakhstan Premier League, having been founded in 1994. It runs from spring and to late autumn, making each championship correspond to a calendar year.
The Sorbonne Doctoral College
The Sorbonne Doctoral College is the doctoral college of the Sorbonne University. It consists University of Paris VI (Pierre and Marie Curie) and University of Paris IV. The two previous universities are direct inheritors of the Sorbonne (divided into 13 autonomous universities after the French riots in 1968).
The aim of the "doctoral policy" is to ensure that research conditions offered at the university are of the highest quality to enable students to maximise their time.

The doctorate degree diploma being awarded by two universities (i.e.University of Paris VI and University of Paris IV) jointly since 2010.

Paris-Sorbonne University
Paris-Sorbonne University (also known as Paris IV; French: Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris IV) was a public research university in Paris, France, active from 1971 to 2017. It was the main inheritor of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Paris. In 2018, it merged with Pierre and Marie Curie University and some smaller entities to form a new university called Sorbonne University and became its Faculty of Arts and Humanities.
Normand Bergeron
Normand Bergeron (born July 31, 1963) is a Canadian filmmaker, screenwriter and academic from Quebec. He is most noted for his short film Inséparables, which was the winner of the Prix Jutra for Best Live Action Short Film at the 3rd Jutra Awards in 2001, and as one of the writers of The Vinland Club (Le Club Vinland), for which he was a Prix Iris nominee for Best Screenplay at the 23rd Quebec Cinema Awards in 2021.

He began his career in film, making the short films La Mémoire infidèle (1995), L'Hypothèse rivale (1997) and Inséparables (2000), before leaving the film industry to pursue scientific work as a biologist and professor at the Institut national de la recherche scientifique. After conceiving the idea for The Vinland Club, a film about a scientific project undertaken by a professor and his students, Bergeron approached director Benoît Pilon and screenwriter Marc Robitaille to collaborate on the film, which was released in 2020.

Gala Québec Cinéma
The Gala Québec Cinéma is a Quebec film award, presented annually by Québec Cinéma, which recognizes talent and achievement in the mainly feature film industry of Quebec. Until 2016, it was known as La soirée des prix Jutra (The evening of the Jutra prizes) in reference of influential Quebec film director Claude Jutra, but Jutra's name was withdrawn from the awards following the publication of Yves Lever's biography of Jutra, which alleged that he had sexually abused children.

It should not be confused with the Claude Jutra Award, a special award presented by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television as part of the separate Canadian Screen Awards program which was also renamed in 2016 following the allegations against Jutra.
Timeline of particle physics technology
Timeline of particle physics technology

1896 - Charles Wilson discovers that energetic particles produce droplet tracks in supersaturated gases.

1897-1901 - Discovery of the Townsend discharge by John Sealy Townsend.

1908 - Hans Geiger and Ernest Rutherford use the Townsend discharge principle to detect alpha particles.

1911 - Charles Wilson finishes a sophisticated cloud chamber.

1928 - Hans Geiger and Walther Muller invent the Geiger Muller tube, which is based upon the gas ionisation principle used by Geiger in 1908, but is a practical device that can also detect beta and gamma radiation. This is implicitly also the invention of the Geiger Muller counter.

1934 - Ernest Lawrence and Stan Livingston invent the cyclotron.

1945 - Edwin McMillan devises a synchrotron.

1952 - Donald Glaser develops the bubble chamber.

1968 - Georges Charpak and Roger Bouclier build the first multiwire proportional mode particle detection chamber.

Townsend discharge
In electromagnetism, the Townsend discharge or Townsend avalanche is an ionisation process for gases where free electrons are accelerated by an electric field, collide with gas molecules, and consequently free additional electrons.  Those electrons are in turn accelerated and free additional electrons.  The result is an avalanche multiplication that permits significantly increased electrical conduction through the gas. The discharge requires a source of free electrons and a significant electric field; without both, the phenomenon does not occur.

The Townsend discharge is named after John Sealy Townsend, who discovered the fundamental ionisation mechanism by his work circa 1897 at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge.