hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Subdivision surface
In the field of 3D computer graphics, a subdivision surface (commonly shortened to SubD surface or Subsurf) is a curved surface represented by the specification of a coarser polygon mesh and produced by a recursive algorithmic method. The curved surface, the underlying inner mesh, can be calculated from the coarse mesh, known as the control cage or outer mesh, as the functional limit of an iterative process of subdividing each polygonal face into smaller faces that better approximate the final underlying curved surface. Less commonly, a simple algorithm is used to add geometry to a mesh by subdividing the faces into smaller ones without changing the overall shape or volume.

The opposite is reducing polygons or un-subdividing.

Recursion
Recursion occurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself. Recursion is used in a variety of disciplines ranging from linguistics to logic. The most common application of recursion is in mathematics and computer science, where a function being defined is applied within its own definition. While this apparently defines an infinite number of instances (function values), it is often done in such a way that no infinite loop or infinite chain of references can occur.

A process that exhibits recursion is recursive. Video feedback displays recursive images, as does an infinity mirror.
Doris Odlum
Doris Maude Odlum (26 June 1890 – 14 October 1985) was an English psychiatrist. She helped to establish psychiatric departments at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Bournemouth and the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital. She served on the psychological medicine group of the British Medical Association for 45 years.

Royal Victoria Hospital, Bournemouth
The Royal Victoria Hospital was a hospital situated on two sites in Bournemouth, England. The primary site was in Boscombe but for a period of time it was merged with a Westbourne site. The Westbourne site was the first named Royal Victoria Hospital of the two but the name was applied to both sites after merger in 1911. It has had several name changes during its history.
Thomas Wilson (rhetorician)
Thomas Wilson (1524–1581), Esquire, LL.D., was an English diplomat and judge who served as a privy councillor and Secretary of State (1577–81) to Queen Elizabeth I. He is remembered especially for his Logique (1551) and The Arte of Rhetorique (1553), which have been called "the first complete works on logic and rhetoric in English".

He also wrote A Discourse upon Usury by way of Dialogue and Orations (1572), and he was the first to publish a translation of Demosthenes into English.

Secretary of State (England)
In the Kingdom of England, the title of Secretary of State came into being near the end of the reign of Elizabeth I, the usual title before that having been King's Clerk, King's Secretary, or Principal Secretary.

From the time of Henry VIII, there were usually two secretaries of state. After the restoration of the monarchy of 1660, the two posts were specifically designated as the Secretary of State for the Northern Department and the Secretary of State for the Southern Department. Both dealt with home affairs and they divided foreign affairs between them.
Chad Valley, Birmingham
Chad Valley is a small area of Birmingham, England, located between Harborne and Edgbaston. It contains a fish pond and the Chad Vale Primary School.

It takes its name from the Chad Brook, a tributary of the River Rea and in turn gave it to the Chad Valley toy company.

Edgbaston
Edgbaston (/ˈɛdʒbəstən/) is a suburb of Birmingham, West Midlands, England. It lies immediately south-west of Birmingham city centre, and was historically in Warwickshire. The wards of Edgbaston and North Edgbaston had a combined population of 42,295 at the 2021 census.

Edgbaston is the location of Edgbaston Cricket Ground, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, the Midlands Arts Centre and the Edgbaston Archery and Lawn Tennis Society, the oldest lawn tennis club in the world.
Saravah!
Saravah! is the debut solo studio album by Japanese multi-instrumentalist Yukihiro Takahashi. Named after Pierre Barouh's record label of the same name, Takahashi conceived the album during his tenure on The Sadistics. The album is based on French pop music, and would later show up on early Yellow Magic Orchestra material. Besides Takahashi, this album features performances by members of The Sadistics, YMO and Tin Pan Alley. Due to the album being made before YMO members started using computers, Sakamoto got involved in arranging the music; all the keyboard parts on the album are dubbed instead of sequenced.

Yukihiro Takahashi
Yukihiro Takahashi (Japanese: 高橋 幸宏, Hepburn: Takahashi Yukihiro; June 6, 1952 – January 11, 2023) was a Japanese musician, singer, record producer, fashion designer, and actor, who was best known internationally as the drummer, lead vocalist, & co-composer of the Yellow Magic Orchestra, as the former drummer of the Sadistic Mika Band, and as the drummer & backing vocalist of the Sadistics.  He was also a member of the groups: the Beatniks (with Keiichi Suzuki), Sketch Show (with Haruomi Hosono), & Metafive (with Towa Tei etc.).
Devotion (Newsboys album)
Devotion is the eleventh studio album by Christian pop rock band Newsboys, released in November 2004. It is a follow-up album to the band's first worship-oriented project, Adoration. It was also the first and only album to feature replacement guitarist Bryan Olesen. The album debuted at No. 5 on the Top Christian Albums chart, and at No. 56 on the Billboard 200 charts. Several Christian artists made guest appearances on the album, including Rebecca St. James, Bethel World Outreach Choir, Stuart Garrard, and Jon Ellis of Tree63.

The album's artwork includes photography of the band by Jimmy Abegg on a valley floor next to the Natchez Trace Parkway Bridge in Williamson County, Tennessee.  Because of the bridge's unique design which eliminates any spandrel columns, the perspective on many of the photographs leverages the non-blocked views of the scenery and sky on the far side of the bridge behind the band.

Jimmy Abegg
Jimmy Abegg (born December 29, 1954), also known as Jimmy A, is an American musician who grew up in Alliance, Nebraska and is currently living in Nashville, Tennessee.

In 1985, Abegg was a founding member of the progressive rock band Vector from Sacramento, California, which included Steve Griffith, Charlie Peacock, Aaron Smith (drums 1985) and Bruce Spencer (drums 1985–89). In the 1990s, he played as a solo musician, then joined Rich Mullins' A Ragamuffin Band and was also a member of Charlie Peacock's Acoustic Trio. He has created a variety of album artwork for artists such as Phil Keaggy, Michael W. Smith, and Chris Taylor among others. Abegg has written or co-written songs for Susan Ashton and Ji Lim. He completed a series for Vanderbilt Children's Hospital. Abegg also collaborated with Kevin Max on a collection of illustrated poems entitled At the Foot of Heaven in 1995.

Abegg is affected by macular degeneration, but continues to paint.
Kelly bag
The Kelly bag is a leather handbag created in the 1930s by the company Hermès and named after the princess Grace Kelly. It is one of the brand's iconic products, along with the carré de soie and the Birkin bag.

The Kelly is affiliated with the Haut à courroies, a large leather bag for horsesmen created by Hermès in the early 20th century. Characterised by its trapezoidal shape and small padlock, it is handmade in the group's French factories. It is designed by a single craftsman and can take up to twenty hours to make, which makes it a high-quality, long-lasting piece. Its quality and reputation make it a highly sought-after product, so much so that it is one of the few manufactured products of which second-hand price can exceed that of a new one.

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
Things on Wheels
Things on Wheels is a 2010 racing game developed by the indie developer Load Inc. and published by Focus Entertainment.

The game was released on May 12, 2010, for the Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade. It has been met with a negative reception by most critics upon release, for its gameplay and graphics. It was removed from the Xbox 360 stores on July 29, 2024, along with over 220 digital titles on Microsoft's system, making it no longer purchasable. It was not backward compatible with Xbox Series X/S.

Backward compatibility
In telecommunications and computing, backward compatibility (or backwards compatibility) is a property of an operating system, software, real-world product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system.

Modifying a system in a way that does not allow backward compatibility is sometimes called "breaking" backward compatibility. Such breaking usually incurs various types of costs, such as switching cost.

A complementary concept is forward compatibility; a design that is forward-compatible usually has a roadmap for compatibility with future standards and products.
Deana Haggag
Deana Haggag  is an American arts organization leader. She is the Program Director for Arts and Culture at Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Formerly, Haggag was the President and CEO of United States Artists (2017–2020), and was Executive Director of The Contemporary (2013–2017) in Baltimore, Maryland.

United States Artists
United States Artists (USA) is a national arts funding organization based in Chicago. USA is dedicated to supporting living artists and cultural practitioners across the United States by granting unrestricted awards.
Ropalidia mabawa
Ropalidia mabawa is an African species of paper wasp, described in 2025, based on a single collected specimen. It represents a special lineage in the African members of this genus, with several unique characteristics. These include apically darkened wing, entirely reddish body, short mesosoma, elongated T1, shallow punctures and striate propodeum. The general appearance resembles another Polistinae genus, Belonogaster. However, the general resemblances with Belonogaster is a case of homoplasy, since second tergum and sternum are completely merged, which is a feature of the genus Ropalidia.

Belonogaster
Belonogaster (belone - "needle", gaster - "belly") is a large genus of mainly Afrotropical quasisocial wasps, although some species occur in Arabia and two extend as far as India. They have characteristics of both the eusocial and the solitary wasps. Belonogaster constructs communal paper nests where the larvae are fed on masticated, soft-bodied insects such as caterpillars. The type species is Belonogaster juncea, which consists of two subspecies: Belonogaster juncea colonialis and Belonogaster juncea juncea. Belanogaster wasps are an important food source for wintering European honey buzzards (Pernis apivorus) in sub-Saharan Africa. In African traditional medicine, wasps of the genus are cooked with plant roots and consumed to cure various childhood sicknesses, as well as having ceremonial use similar to that of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Some birds choose to build their nests near the nests of Belonogaster for protection, including mousebirds and weavers.
Prince Consort-class ironclad
The Prince Consort class of ironclad battleship were four Royal Navy wooden-hulled broadside ironclads: HMS Royal Oak, HMS Prince Consort, HMS Ocean, and HMS Caledonia.  They were originally laid down as Bulwark-class battleships, but were converted to ironclads while under construction. Royal Oak was Britain's fifth ironclad battleship completed.

Prince Consort, Ocean, and Caledonia were built to a common design and are today known as the Prince Consort class, though contemporaries knew them as the Caledonia class. Royal Oak was their half-sister.

Duncan-class ship of the line (1859)
The Duncan class of 101-gun two-decker steam line-of-battle ships are considered by Professor Andrew Lambert to have been the "final statement of the British design progress" for steam two-deckers.  The class consisted of HMS Duncan and HMS Gibraltar.  The Bulwark class had identical hulls.  HMS Gibraltar was the last wooden steam line-of-battleship to commission as a private ship in the Royal Navy.
Muse (EP)
Muse is the self-titled debut EP by English rock band Muse. Recorded in 1997 at Sawmills Studios with producer Paul Reeve, it was released on 11 May 1998 by Dangerous Records, limited to 999 hand-numbered copies. The EP features four tracks, all of which were released again later – "Coma" was featured as the B-side to the band's second single "Cave", while the other three were re-recorded for the group's debut full-length album Showbiz.

Sawmills Studios
50°21′15″N 4°38′28″W﻿ / ﻿50.354197°N 4.6410°W﻿ / 50.354197; -4.6410

Sawmills Studios is a recording studio founded in 1974 by record producer, Tony Cox. It is located in Golant, on the banks of the River Fowey in Cornwall.
Seymour H. Knox I
Seymour Horace Knox I (April 11, 1861 – May 17, 1915), was a businessman from Buffalo, New York, who made his fortune in five-and-dime stores. He merged his more than 100 stores with those of his first cousins, Frank Winfield Woolworth and Charles Sumner Woolworth, to form the F. W. Woolworth Company. He went on to hold prominent positions in the merged company as well as Marine Trust Co. He was the father of Seymour H. Knox II and grandfather of Seymour H. Knox III and Northrup Knox, the co-founders of the Buffalo Sabres in the National Hockey League.

Frank Winfield Woolworth
Frank Winfield Woolworth (April 13, 1852 – April 8, 1919) was an American entrepreneur, the founder of F. W. Woolworth Company, and the operator of variety stores known as "Five-and-Dimes" (5- and 10-cent stores or dime stores) which featured a selection of low-priced merchandise. He pioneered the now-common practices of buying merchandise directly from manufacturers and fixing the selling prices on items, rather than haggling. He was also the first to use self-service display cases, so that customers could examine what they wanted to buy without the help of a sales clerk.
Teddy Allen (basketball)
Teddy Allen (born June 7, 1998) is an American basketball player for the Delaware Blue Coats of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for the New Mexico State Aggies, West Virginia, Western Nebraska Community College, and Nebraska Cornhuskers.

West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball
The West Virginia Mountaineers men's basketball team represents West Virginia University in NCAA Division I college basketball competition. They are a member of the Big 12 Conference. WVU has won 13 conference tournament championships, and has 31 appearances in the NCAA tournament, including two Final Fours, most recently in 2010. The Mountaineers have also appeared in 16 National Invitation Tournaments (NIT), and have won the tournament twice, in 1942 and 2007. The 1942 NIT Championship is claimed by West Virginia as a National Championship.

WVU plays their home games at the Hope Coliseum, their home venue since 1970.
Metro... In Dino (soundtrack)
Metro... In Dino (transl. These Days in Metro) is the soundtrack album to the 2025 film of the same name directed by Anurag Basu, which is a spiritual successor to Basu's own Life in a... Metro (2007), starring an ensemble cast consisting of Anupam Kher, Neena Gupta, Konkona Sen Sharma, Pankaj Tripathi, Aditya Roy Kapur, Sara Ali Khan, Ali Fazal, Fatima Sana Shaikh and Saswata Chatterjee.

The film's soundtrack and score were composed by Pritam, who also composed the soundtrack for the predecessor. Lyrics for the songs were written by Sandeep Srivastava, Anurag Sharma, Neelesh Misra, Mayur Puri, Amitabh Bhattacharya along with works adapted from poets Qaisar-ul-Jafri, Ghalib and Momin Khan Momin.

The soundtrack was split into two parts: side-A of the film's soundtrack featuring nine songs was released on 23 June 2025, followed by the side-B which was released on 14 July 2025 consisting of 13 songs. Both albums were distributed by T-Series, which is also one of the film's producers.

Momin Khan Momin
Momin Khan Momin (مومن خان مومن; 1800 – 14 May 1852) was a late Mughal era poet known for his Urdu ghazals. A lesser-known contemporary of Ghalib and Zauq, he used "Momin" as his pen name. His grave is located in the Mehdiyan cemetery in Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi.
Daryn Tufts
Daryn Tufts (born April 1, 1973 in Arcadia, California) is a writer, director, producer, and actor. Tufts’s writing, producing, and directing credits include feature films, documentaries, and television commercials and he has acted in several successful independent films. Tufts has also performed and taught sketch comedy and improvisational comedy with several professional comedy troupes and is the commercial spokesperson for the Questar Corporation (gas company). He currently lives in Holladay, Utah.

Isaac C. Singleton Jr.
Isaac Charles Singleton Jr. is an American actor. He is known for voicing the Marvel Comics character Thanos in various animated films, television shows and video games, and Sagat in Capcom's Street Fighter series since Street Fighter IV (2008).
German Zakharyayev
German Rashbilovich Zakharyayev (Russian: Герман Рашбилович Захарьяев; born July 7, 1971, Qırmızı Qəsəbə, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman, public figure and philanthropist. He is a vice-president of the Russian Jewish Congress and the president of the International Charity Foundation of Mountain Jews STMEGI.

Russian Jewish Congress
The Russian Jewish Congress is a non-profit charitable fund and Russian Jewish organization. It was established in 1996 by a group of Jewish businessmen, workers and religious figures with the goal of reviving Jewish life in Russia.

It unites some of the influential and prosperous Jews in Russia, high-standing state officers, businessmen and actors of science and culture. The RJC supports existing communities and fosters the creation of new communities. At the same time helps them to strengthen and to find their own sources of funding and stipulates terms for independently allocating funds for the local communities’ needs.
Kerrie, Victoria
Kerrie /ˈkɛri/ is a locality in the Macedon Ranges region of Victoria, Australia, featuring a town hall (1934) and the closed Kerrie State School (c. 1877). The school was closed in 1991, but was an important venue for community meetings and events until it was damaged by fire on 16 October 2021. The buildings and grounds are heritage listed and underwent external restoration during 2009–2010. Nearby is the Hall, and the former tennis courts, which are now overgrown and in a state of disrepair.

The Kerrie Valley is the source of domestic water for the nearby town of Romsey. The catchment reservoir consists of a dam on a tributary of the Bolinda Creek.

Kerrie Post Office opened on 10 July 1891 and closed in 1949.

Romsey, Victoria
Romsey /ˈrɒmzi/ is a town in the local government area of the Shire of Macedon Ranges in the state of Victoria, Australia. The town is 61 kilometres (38 mi) north of Melbourne. As of the 2021 Census, Romsey had a population of 4,934.
Quaternion algebra
In mathematics, a quaternion algebra over a field F is a central simple algebra A over F that has dimension 4 over F. Every quaternion algebra becomes a matrix algebra by extending scalars (equivalently, tensoring with a field extension), i.e. for a suitable field extension K of F,  is isomorphic to the 2 × 2 matrix algebra over K.

The notion of a quaternion algebra can be seen as a generalization of Hamilton's quaternions to an arbitrary base field. The Hamilton quaternions are a quaternion algebra (in the above sense) over , and indeed the only one over  apart from the 2 × 2 real matrix algebra, up to isomorphism. When , then the biquaternions form the quaternion algebra over F.

Matrix ring
In abstract algebra, a matrix ring is a set of matrices with entries in a ring R that form a ring under matrix addition and matrix multiplication. The set of all n × n matrices with entries in R is a matrix ring denoted Mn(R) (alternative notations: Matn(R) and Rn×n).  Some sets of infinite matrices form infinite matrix rings.  A subring of a matrix ring is again a matrix ring.  Over a rng, one can form matrix rngs.

When R is a commutative ring, the matrix ring Mn(R) is an associative algebra over R, and may be called a matrix algebra.  In this setting, if M is a matrix and r is in R, then the matrix rM is the matrix M with each of its entries multiplied by r.
68th Valladolid International Film Festival
The 68th Valladolid International Film Festival (Seminci) took place from 21 to 28 October 2023, in Valladolid, Spain. The Movie Teller, an adaptation of Hernán Rivera Letelier's novel, directed by Lone Scherfig, opened the festival.

Lone Scherfig
Lone Scherfig (Danish: [ˈloːnə ˈɕɛɐ̯fi]) (born 2 May 1959) is a Danish film director and screenwriter. She is especially known for her films Italian for Beginners (2000) and An Education (2009), and is also known for her romantic comedies, such as One Day (2011).
After Midnight: Kean College, 2/28/80
After Midnight: Kean College, 2/28/80 is a live album by the Jerry Garcia Band. It was recorded in Union Township, Union County, New Jersey, at Kean College on February 28, 1980, and released in 2004.

Some copies of After Midnight included a bonus disc, Way After Midnight, with tracks recorded on February 29 at Calderone Concert Hall in Hempstead, New York and on March 1 at the Capitol Theatre in Passaic, New Jersey. The recording is widely considered to be one of the best from the early 1980s that the Jerry Garcia Band played.

Jerry Garcia Band
The Jerry Garcia Band was a San Francisco Bay Area rock band led by Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead. Garcia founded the band in 1975; it remained the most important of his various side projects until his death in 1995.  The band regularly toured and recorded sporadically throughout its twenty-year existence, generally, but not always, during breaks in the Grateful Dead's schedule.
This Is the Goat!
This Is the Goat! (French: Les Chèvres !, lit. 'The Goats!') is 2024 French-Belgian historical comedy film film directed by Fred Cavayé. It stars Dany Boon as Maître Pompignac, a lawyer who has lost every case but must defend a goat who is accused killing a Marshal of France.

Dany Boon
Dany Boon (pronounced [dani bun]; born Daniel Farid Hamidou on 26 June 1966) is a French actor, film director, screenwriter and producer.

Starting as a comedian during the 1990s, he found success in 2008 as an actor and director in the comedy Welcome to the Sticks. Since then, he has been involved as a screenwriter, director or both in the films Nothing to Declare (2011), Supercondriaque (2014), Raid dingue (2017), La Ch'tite famille (2018), Stuck Together (2021) and Life for Real (2023).