hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norman E. Himes
Norman Edwin Himes (1899–1949) was an American sociologist and economist and Professor at Colgate University, known for his work on the medical history of contraception.

Himes obtained his PhD from Harvard University in 1932. After graduation, he started his academic career at Colgate University in 1932. In World War II he served at the Surgeon General of the United States. His research interests were in the field of "population problems, history of contraception and the birth control movement, and marriage and family relations."

Colgate University
Colgate University is a private college in Hamilton, New York, United States. A liberal arts college, it was founded in 1819 as the Baptist Education Society of the State of New York and operated under that name until 1823, when it was renamed Hamilton Theological and Literary Institution, often called Hamilton College (1823–1846), then Madison College (1846–1890), and its present name since 1890.

Colgate enrolls approximately 3,200 students in 56 undergraduate majors that culminate in a Bachelor of Arts degree. The student body is 54% female and 46% male. Students participate in over 200 clubs and organizations. While Colgate offers an almost entirely undergraduate program, it also has a small graduate program leading to the Master of Arts in Teaching. The college competes in NCAA Division I sports and is part of the Patriot League athletic conference and ECAC Hockey.
Colorado State Highway 35
State Highway 35 (SH 35) is an unsigned, 1.317-mile (2.120 km) state highway that runs along Quebec Street located in Denver, Colorado, United States. Its southern end is at Interstate 70 (I‑70) and it runs north until it reaches its northern end at 53rd Place. The route was added to the state highway system in 1972 to provide access to Stapleton International Airport from I-70. After the decommissioning of Stapleton Airport, the highway has been truncated from Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard to I-70. An expansion was planned but funding was never materialized.

Stapleton International Airport
Stapleton International Airport (IATA: DEN, ICAO: KDEN, FAA LID: DEN) was a major airport in the western United States, and the primary airport of Denver, Colorado. It opened on October 17, 1929, and was replaced by Denver International Airport in 1995.

It was a hub for Continental Airlines, the original Frontier Airlines, People Express, United Airlines, and Western Airlines. Other airlines with smaller operations at Stapleton included Aspen Airways, today’s Frontier Airlines, and Rocky Mountain Airways, all three being based in Denver at the time.

Stapleton International Airport was replaced by Denver International Airport in 1995; it was closed and the property redeveloped as the commercial and residential neighborhood of Central Park, which was named Stapleton until 2020. The Stapleton International Airport codes were transferred to the new airport, which continues to use them today.
Sandesh Shandilya
Sandesh Shandilya is an Indian film composer, musician, and singer who worked in Hind-language films. Having composed for over 20 film soundtracks, Shandilya is known for his compositions in Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (2001), Chameli (2004), Socha Na Tha (2005) and Jab We Met (2007).

His 2001 album Piya Basanti won the International Viewers' Choice Award at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards. His teacher, Ustad Sultan Khan along with K. S.Chithra sang the song Piya Basanti for him on this album.

He took basic music training from maestro Ustad Sultan Khan, who was a noted Sarangi player.

Socha Na Tha
Socha Na Tha (transl. Never Had Thought) is a 2005 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by Imtiaz Ali, in his directorial debut. The film stars debutant Abhay Deol alongside Ayesha Takia. The film was released on 4 March 2005 and received positive reviews. The film was remade in Telugu as Premante Inthe (2006).
Bereslavka, Ukraine
Bereslavka (Ukrainian: Береславка), formerly known as Yanovka (Russian: Яновка) or Yanivka (Ukrainian: Янівка), is a village in Kropyvnytskyi Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine. The village has a population of 139 (2001). Bereslavka was part of the Vasylivka village council and belongs to Ketrysanivka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It is the birthplace of Marxist theorist and politician Leon Trotsky as well as his sister, Olga Kameneva.

Until 18 July 2020, Bereslavka belonged to Bobrynets Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kirovohrad Oblast to four. The area of Bobrynets Raion was merged into Kropyvnytskyi Raion.

Kirovohrad Oblast
Kirovohrad Oblast (Ukrainian: Кіровоградська область, romanized: Kirovohradska oblast), also known as Kirovohradshchyna (Ukrainian: Кіровоградщина), is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Kropyvnytskyi. The oblast's population is 903,712 (2022 estimate). It is Ukraine's second least populated oblast, ahead of Chernivtsi.

In 2019, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine approved the change of the oblast's name to Kropyvnytskyi Oblast (Ukrainian: Кропивницька область, romanized: Kropyvnytska oblast, unofficially Kropyvnychchyna (Ukrainian: Кропивниччина)). The change is not yet implemented. The largest cities of the region are Kropyvnytskyi, Oleksandriia, Znamianka and Svitlovodsk.
Chloe Holladay
Chloe Holladay is an American dancer, baton twirler, and internet personality. She was a member of the Crimsonettes, the majorettes for the University of Alabama's Million Dollar Band, before joining the Tennessee Titans Cheerleaders and Blue Crew Drumline as a majorette in 2025. She is the first majorette for the Tennessee Titans and the first majorette in the NFL since 2002.

Million Dollar Band (marching band)
The Million Dollar Band (sometimes shortened to MDB) is the official marching band of the University of Alabama. Founded in 1912, the Million Dollar Band is the largest student organization at the University of Alabama. The band performs during pregame and halftime of every home and neutral-site Alabama football game; it also supplies at least a pep band to every away football game, as well as home men's basketball, women's basketball, women's gymnastics, and volleyball games. In 2003, the band was awarded the Sudler Trophy, recognizing it as one of the top college bands in the United States.
Halstock Wood
Halstock Wood is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) within Dartmoor National Park in Devon, England. It is located in the valley of the East Okement River 1.5km southeast of Okehampton Railway Station. This woodland site is protected because of the upland habitat dominated by sessile oak.

Quercus petraea
Quercus petraea, commonly known as the sessile oak, Welsh oak, Cornish oak, Irish oak or durmast oak, is a species of deciduous oak tree native to most of Europe and into Anatolia and Iran. The sessile oak is the national tree of Ireland, and an unofficial emblem in Wales and Cornwall.
Come On Do the Jerk
"Come On Do the Jerk" is song by the American R&B group the Miracles, released in 1964 on Motown Records' Tamla label. It was co-written by Miracles members Pete Moore, Bobby Rogers and Smokey Robinson and drummer Donald Whited.  A single-only release, it did not appear on any original Miracles studio album, and was the group's last single release of 1964. Robinson and fellow Miracle Bobby Rogers were the song's producers. The flip side, "Baby Don't You Go", was also a popular regional hit but was not released on CD until The 35th Anniversary Collection in 1994. Both sides of this single received new stereo mixes for the 2002 compilation Ooo Baby Baby: The Anthology.

"Come On Do the Jerk" charted at No.50 on the Billboard Hot 100 and at No. 22 on the Cash Box R&B chart.(Billboard had temporarily suspended its R&B chart at this time).

Smokey Robinson
William "Smokey" Robinson Jr. (born February 19, 1940) is an American R&B and soul singer, songwriter, and record producer. He was the founder and frontman of the pioneering Motown vocal group the Miracles, for which he was also chief songwriter and producer. He led the group from its 1955 origins, when they were called the Five Chimes, until 1972, when he retired from the group to focus on his role as Motown Records vice president. Robinson returned to the music industry as a solo artist the following year. He left Motown in 1999.

Robinson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987 and awarded the 2016 Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for his lifetime contributions to popular music. He is a double Hollywood Walk of Fame Inductee, as a solo artist (1983) and as a member of the Miracles (2009). In 2022, he was inducted into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame.
Dunblane, Doune and Callander Railway
The Dunblane, Doune and Callander Railway was opened in 1858 to connect Callander and Doune with the Scottish railway network. When promoters wished to make a connection to Oban, Callander was an obvious place to start, and from 1880 Callander was on the main line to Oban. The railway network was reduced in the 1960s and the line closed in 1965. Oban is now served by a different route.

Callander
Callander (/ˈkæləndər/; Scottish Gaelic: Calasraid) is a small town in the council area of Stirling in Scotland, situated on the River Teith. The town is located in the historic county of Perthshire and is a popular tourist stop to and from the Highlands.
Albert of Vercelli
Albert of Jerusalem, OSC (1149 – 14 September 1214), also Albertus Hierosolymitanus, Albertus Vercelensis, Saint Albert, Albert of Vercelli or Alberto Avogadro, was a canon lawyer and saint. He was Bishop of Bobbio and Bishop of Vercelli, and served as mediator and diplomat under Pope Clement III. Innocent III appointed him Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1204 or 1205. In Jerusalem, he contributed the Carmelite Rule of St. Albert to the newly-founded Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel. Albert is honoured as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and commemorated in the liturgical calendar of the Carmelites on 17 September.

Pope Clement III
Pope Clement III (Latin: Clemens III; 1130 – 20 March 1191), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 December 1187 to his death in 1191. He ended the conflict between the Papacy and the city of Rome, by allowing the election of magistrates, which reinstalled the Papacy back in the city after a six-year exile. Clement, faced with a deplete college of cardinals, created thirty-one cardinals over three years, the most since Hadrian IV. He died 20 March 1191 and was quickly replaced by Celestine III.
Acquinsicke
Acquinsicke is a historic home located near Pomfret, Charles County, Maryland, United States. It was built between 1783 and 1798, is a highly significant example of late 18th century, early Federal architecture. It is a rectangular, two story, five bay, clapboarded frame dwelling with one-story additions to each end.  The house's landscape features include a series of two terraced falls.

Charles County, Maryland
Charles County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 166,617. The county seat is La Plata. The county was named for Charles Calvert (1637–1715), third Baron Baltimore. The county is part of the Southern Maryland region of the state. With a median household income of $103,678, Charles County is the 39th-wealthiest county in the United States as of 2020, and the highest-income county in the United States with a Black-majority population.
Last Call (2012 film)
Last Call is a 2012 American independent comedy film and the directorial debut of Greg Garthe. The film stars Travis Van Winkle, Ryan Hansen, Tara Reid, Diora Baird, Clint Howard, David DeLuise, Richard Riehle, John Capodice, Dave Foley, Tom Arnold, and Christopher Lloyd. Filming began in Los Angeles in August 2009.

David DeLuise
David Dominick DeLuise (born November 11, 1971) is an American actor. He has had roles in numerous films and television shows. He is best known for playing Coop on Megas XLR and Jerry Russo on Wizards of Waverly Place.
Gleaning (birds)
Gleaning is a feeding strategy by birds and bats in which they catch invertebrate prey, mainly arthropods, by plucking them from foliage or the ground, from crevices such as rock faces and under the eaves of houses, or even, as in the case of ticks and lice, from living animals. This behavior is contrasted with hawking insects from the air or chasing after moving insects such as ants. Gleaning, in birds, does not refer to foraging for seeds or fruit.

Gleaning is a common feeding strategy for some groups of birds, including nuthatches, tits (including chickadees), wrens, woodcreepers, treecreepers, Old World flycatchers, Tyrant flycatchers, babblers, Old World warblers, New World warblers, vireos and some hummingbirds and cuckoos. Many birds make use of multiple feeding strategies, depending on the availability of different sources of food and opportunities of the moment.

Vireo
The vireos /ˈvɪrioʊz/ make up a family, Vireonidae, of small to medium-sized passerine birds found in the New World (Canada to Argentina, including Bermuda and the West Indies) and Southeast Asia.  The family contains 62 species and is divided into eight genera. "Vireo" is a Latin word referring to a green migratory bird, perhaps the female golden oriole, possibly the European greenfinch.

They are typically dull-plumaged and greenish in color, the smaller species resembling wood warblers apart from their heavier bills. They range in size from the Chocó vireo, dwarf vireo and lesser greenlet, all at around 10 cm and 8g, to the peppershrikes and shrike-vireos at up to 17 cm and 40g.
Florida State Road 290
State Road 290, known locally as East Olive Road, was a major thoroughfare in Pensacola, Florida. It ran from County Road 95A (Old Palafox Road) in the Ensley community east to U.S. Route 90 (Scenic Highway) at Escambia Bay. The road served as the primary east–west route through the Ferry Pass community. The road was converted to a County Road in 2011. (Escambia County Road 290) Unlike nearby SR 99, was never changed back to a state highway.

Escambia Bay
Escambia Bay is a bay located in Escambia and Santa Rosa counties, in the far western Florida Panhandle.  The city of Pensacola is located on the western side, and the town of Milton is located on the northeastern end of the two-pronged bay.  Both places are the county seats of the respective counties.  Unusually, Escambia Bay is connected to open waters via Pensacola Bay to its southeast.  It is fed primarily by the Escambia River.

National Airlines Flight 193, a Boeing 727, crashed into Escambia Bay during a descent into Pensacola Regional Airport on May 8, 1978. There were 3 fatalities among the 58 people on board.

During Hurricane Ivan in September 2004, the storm surge from the Gulf of Mexico came into Escambia Bay, washing out the Interstate 10 Escambia Bay Bridge.
My Summer with the Shark
My Summer with the Shark (Italian: Denti da squalo, lit. 'shark teeth') is a 2023 Italian coming-of-age crime drama film directed by Davide Gentile, in his feature film directorial debut, from a Solinas Award–winning screenplay written by Valerio Cilio and Gianluca Leoncini. The plot follows two street kids who befriend a captive great white shark. Virginia Raffaele, Edoardo Pesce, and Claudio Santamaria star in supporting roles. A co-production of Goon Films, Lucky Red and Ideacinema with the State–owned Rai Cinema, it was Gabriele Mainetti's debut as a producer outside of films he had himself directed.

The film premiered at the Etna Comics on 1 June 2023, before being released on 8 June 2023 by Lucky Red. It was a box office bomb, grossing €249,609 on a budget of €3.5 million.

Etna Comics
Etna Comics – International Festival of Comics, Games and Pop Culture (Italian: Etna Comics – Festival Internazionale del Fumetto, del Gioco e della Cultura Pop) is an annual convention held in Catania, Sicily at the beginning of June. The venue is The Ciminiere convention center (Italian: Centro Fieristico Le Ciminiere). As its name suggests, the festival focuses on comics, cartoons, gaming and pop culture in general. The name Etna Comics refers to Mount Etna, the volcano rising behind the city of Catania. With its 100,000 visitors it is one of the largest comic festivals in Italy, especially in the South.
Lauren Macuga
Lauren Macuga (born July 4, 2002) is an American World Cup alpine ski racer on the US Ski Team who specializes in the speed events of downhill and super-G.

Macuga competed in the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics and made her World Cup debut in December 2021. She achieved her first World Cup victory in January 2025 and won the bronze medal in the super-G at the 2025 World Championships.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Division of Scullin
The Division of Scullin is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It is located in the outer northern suburbs of Melbourne, including Epping, Lalor, Mill Park, South Morang, Thomastown, Wollert and Bundoora.

Wollert, Victoria
Wollert (/ˈwɒlərt/ ⓘ WOL-ərt) is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 26 km north of Melbourne's central business district, located within the City of Whittlesea local government area. Wollert recorded a population of 24,407 at the 2021 census.
Mike Panasiuk
Mike Panasiuk (born October 13, 1997) is an American professional football center for the St. Louis Battlehawks of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the  Michigan State Spartans. Panasiuk has made the transition from defensive to offensive line.

St. Louis Battlehawks
The St. Louis Battlehawks (stylized as BattleHawks before 2023) are a professional American football team based in St. Louis. The team was a founding member of the XFL but today competes in the United Football League (UFL). It was founded by Vince McMahon’s Alpha Entertainment and are owned and operated by Dwayne Johnson's Alpha Acquico and Fox Corporation. The Battlehawks play their home games at The Dome at America's Center. The team has a franchise regular-season record of 25–10 (.714), as of its 2025 season.
Gaaga Akayeri Azitariga
Gaaga Akayeri Azitariga (born 11 February 1953) is a Ghanaian politician who served as a member of the First parliament of the Fourth Republic representing the Bongo constituency in the Upper East Region of Ghana.

Bongo (Ghana parliament constituency)
Bongo is one of the constituencies represented in the Parliament of Ghana. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Charles Bawaduah is the member of parliament for the constituency. Bongo is located in the Bongo district  of the Upper East Region of Ghana.
Culling
Culling is the process of segregating organisms from a group according to desired or undesired characteristics. In animal breeding, it is removing or segregating animals from a breeding stock based on a specific trait. This is done to exaggerate desirable characteristics, or to remove undesirable characteristics by altering the genetic makeup of the population. For livestock and wildlife, culling often refers to killing removed animals based on their characteristics, such as their sex or species membership, or as a means of preventing infectious disease transmission.

In fruits and vegetables, culling is the sorting or segregation of fresh harvested produce into marketable lots, with the non-marketable lots being discarded or diverted into food processing or non-food processing activities. This usually happens at collection centres located at, or close to farms.

Wildlife contraceptive
Wildlife contraceptives, sometimes referred to as wildlife fertility control, are contraceptives used to regulate the fertility of wild animals. They are used to control population growth of certain wild animals.
Empiric therapy
Empiric therapy or empirical therapy is medical treatment or therapy based on experience and, more specifically, therapy begun on the basis of a clinical "educated guess" in the absence of complete or perfect information. Thus it is applied before the confirmation of a definitive medical diagnosis or without complete understanding of an etiology, whether the biological mechanism of pathogenesis or the therapeutic mechanism of action. The name shares the same stem with empirical evidence, involving an idea of practical experience.

Empiric antimicrobial therapy is directed against an anticipated and likely cause of infectious disease. It is used when antimicrobials are given to a person before the specific bacterium or fungus causing an infection is known. When it becomes known, treatment that is used is called directed therapy. Fighting an infection sooner is important to minimize morbidity, risk, and complications for serious infections like sepsis and suspected bacterial meningitis.

Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.  A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there.

Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives.

In contrast, a mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance.
Eastern Tornadoes
The Eastern Tornadoes were a New Zealand rugby league franchise that competed in the New Zealand Rugby League's Bartercard Cup and Auckland Rugby League's Super 12 competitions. They were formed to represent the rugby league clubs of East Auckland.

Bartercard Cup
The Bartercard Cup (successor of the Lion Red Cup) was the top level rugby league club competition in New Zealand from 2000 until 2007. For the entire life of the tournament it was sponsored by Bartercard. The cup was administered by the New Zealand Rugby League. The tournament was discontinued by the NZRL in 2007 and was replaced by the Bartercard Premiership in 2008.
Makoto Hirose
Makoto Hirose (廣瀬 誠, Hirose Makoto; born 22 November 1976) is a Japanese Paralympic judoka in Lightweight.

In 2004 he won the silver medal in the men's 60 kg, but was not upgraded when Sergio Arturo Perez was stripped of his gold medal after testing positive for a banned substance.
In 2008 he made it to the quarter-finals but lost to Mouloud Noura (Algeria).
In 2012 he switched to 66 kg (half-lightweight) and lost the semi-final to Zhao Xu (China).
The 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio will be his fourth Games. In the 60 kg, he won his second silver medal when Sherzod Namozov (Uzbekistan) beat him in the final.

At the 2010 Asian Para Games he won a bronze medal in the men's -66 kg event.

Sergio Arturo Perez
Sergio Arturo Perez Hechavarria (born 26 December 1968) is a Cuban Paralympic judoka. 
In 2000 he won the gold medal in the men's 60 kg. He won another gold medal in 2004 but was stripped of the medal for doping.