hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Gaisford
John Scott Gaisford (7 October 1934 – 4 January 2026) was a British Anglican bishop and was the second Bishop of Beverley. The first, Robert Crosthwaite had been a standard suffragan bishop within the Diocese of York from 1889 to 1923 ; Gaisford was the first appointed to be a provincial episcopal visitor ("flying bishop") for the Province of York when the Church of England began ordaining women as priests.

Robert Crosthwaite
Robert Jarratt Crosthwaite (13 October 1837, Wellington, Somerset – 9 September 1925, Bolton Percy) was the inaugural Bishop of Beverley in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Born in Wellington, Somerset, on 13 October 1837, Robert Crosthwaite was the son of Benjamin Crosthwaite, priest and canon. He was educated at Leeds Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1862, he began his career with a curacy at North Cave after which he was Domestic Chaplain  to the Archbishop of York. Following incumbencies in Brayton and St Lawrence's Church, York, he was Rector of Bolton Percy (1885–1923). Crosthwaite was appointed Archdeacon of York in 1884.

In 1889, Crosthwaite was appointed suffragan bishop within the Diocese of York and served until 1923. He was consecrated a bishop by William Thomson, Archbishop of York, at York Minster. He became a Doctor of Divinity; and died on 9 September 1925 at Bolton Percy.
Clauzadea
Clauzadea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lecideaceae. The genus contains four species. These lichens grow almost exclusively on limestone and other calcium-rich rocks, often living mostly hidden within the upper layers of the stone with only a faint grey or brown film visible on the surface. They produce small, initially reddish-brown fruiting bodies that darken to black and may sit flush with the rock surface or be sunken so deeply that they leave neat pits when they weather away.

Porpidia
Porpidia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Lecideaceae. Porpidia species primarily inhabit siliceous rocks, pebbles, and stonework, with rare occurrences on bark, wood, and compacted soil. The thallus, or body of the lichen, varies in appearance from thick and crusty to barely visible. It may form a continuous layer or develop cracks resulting in a segmented, areolate structure. The colour of the thallus ranges from grey and white to orange.
Karsten Meyer (sailor)
Max Adolf Karsten Meyer (5 November 1937 – 25 November 2023) was a German competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a bronze medal in the Star class at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, together with Wilhelm Kuhweide.

Wilhelm Kuhweide
Wilhelm "Willi" Kuhweide (German pronunciation: [ˈvɪli ˈkuːˌvaɪ̯də] ⓘ; born 6 January 1943) is a former West German sailor. He competed in one-person dinghy at the 1964 and 1968 Olympics and 1963, 1966 and 1967 world championships and won on all occasions except in 1968. He then changed to two-person and three person keelboat events and won a bronze medal at the 1972 Olympics, placing sixth-eighth in 1976 and 1984; he missed the 1980 Moscow Games due to their boycott by West Germany.
Rhythm Rodeo
Rhythm Rodeo is an American television series which aired on the DuMont Television Network from August 6, 1950, to January 7, 1951. Each 30-minute episode was broadcast live. Despite its name, it featured many different types of popular music, although the original premise of the show was to showcase country and western music.

The series starred noted singer Art Jarrett, and also featured Paula Wray and the Star Noters. The writer was Loring Mandel. The series aired on Sunday nights at 8 pm EST opposite the popular The Toast of the Town  (The Ed Sullivan Show) on CBS and The Colgate Comedy Hour on NBC, and was cancelled after the January 7 broadcast.

The Ed Sullivan Show
The Ed Sullivan Show is an American television variety show that ran on CBS from June 20, 1948, to March 28, 1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. It was replaced in September 1971 by the CBS Sunday Night Movie.

In 2002, The Ed Sullivan Show was ranked No. 15 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the series finished No. 31 in TV Guide Magazine's 60 Best Series of All Time.
Song Kyung-taek
Song Kyung-Taek (Korean: 송경택; Hanja: 宋炅澤, born July 10, 1983) is a South Korean short track speed skater. He won four gold medals at the World Championships but has not participated in any Olympics yet.

Song currently belongs to the Goyang City Hall short track speed skating team along with 2009 World Champion Lee Ho-Suk.

Lee Ho-suk
Lee Ho-suk (Korean: 이호석, Hanja: 李昊錫, Korean pronunciation: [i.ɦo.sʌk̚]; born June 25, 1986) is a South Korean short track speedskater. He won a gold medal as a part of 5000 m short-track relay team and four silver medals in 2006 Winter Olympics held in Turin, Italy. He is the overall world champion for 2009 and 2010.
African Rose
African Rose (foaled 8 May 2005) is a British-bred, French-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. She was bred and owned by Khalid Abdullah and trained by Criquette Head-Maarek.

As a juvenile in 2007 she showed very promising form, winning one minor race and being placed in the Prix Yacowlef, Prix d'Aumale and Prix des Réservoirs. In 2008 she won the Listed Prix du Pont-Neuf and then showed improved form when dropped to sprint distances, finishing second in the Prix Maurice de Gheest before recording her biggest win in the Group One Ladbroke Sprint Cup. She remained in training in 2009 but failed to reproduce her best form and was well beaten in three races.

After her retirement from racing she became a broodmare and has had some success as a dam of winners.

Prix Yacowlef
The Prix Yacowlef is a Listed flat horse race in France open to two-year-old thoroughbreds. Since 2016, it is run each November at Chantilly Racecourse over a distance of 1,000 metres (about 5 furlongs).

The event was originally run at Deauville Racecourse and restricted to previously unraced horses. For a period its distance was 1,000 metres, and it was extended to 1,200 metres in 1987.

The Prix Yacowlef was formerly held in early August. It was switched to July and reverted to 1,000 metres in 2005. From 2016 the race moved to its current date and venue.
Cotopaxi
Cotopaxi (US: /koʊtəˈpɑːksi/ KOH-tə-PAHK-see, UK: /kɒtəˈpæksi/ KOT-ə-PAK-see, Spanish: [kotoˈpaɣsi]) is an active stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains, located in Cotopaxi National Park in Cotopaxi Province, about 50 km (31.1 mi) south of Quito, and 31 km (19 mi) northeast of the city of Latacunga, Ecuador. It is the second highest summit in Ecuador (after Chimborazo), reaching a height of 5,897 m (19,347 ft). Cotopaxi is among the highest active volcanoes in the world.

Cotopaxi is known to have erupted 87 times, resulting in the creation of numerous valleys formed by lahars (mudflows) around the volcano. An eruption began on 21 October 2022.

At the end of February 2023, the Geophysical Institute of Ecuador reported that Cotopaxi had produced around 8,000 earthquakes since October 21, 2022, amounting to 1,600 events per month.

Lahar
A lahar ( /ˈlɑːhɑːr/, from Javanese: lahar, ꦭꦲꦂ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley.

Lahars are often extremely destructive and deadly; they can flow tens of metres per second, they have been known to be up to 140 metres (460 ft) deep, and large flows tend to destroy any structures in their path. Notable lahars include those at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines and Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, the latter of which killed more than 20,000 people in the Armero tragedy.
Ruth Jackson
Ruth Jackson (December 13, 1902 – August 28, 1994) was the first female board-certified orthopedic surgeon in the United States and the first female admitted to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) is an orthopedic organization.   Founded at Northwestern University in 1933, as of 2015 AAOS had grown to include about 39,000 members. The group provides education and practice management services for orthopedic surgeons and allied health professionals. It also lobbies and works on public education. It describes itself as "the world's largest medical association of musculoskeletal specialists." It is a provider of musculoskeletal education to orthopaedic surgeons and others. Its continuing medical education activities include an annual meeting, multiple CME courses held around the country and at the Orthopaedic Learning Center, and various medical and scientific publications and electronic media materials.
Sukham Sukhakaram
Sukham Sukhakaram is a 1994 Indian Malayalam-language film written and directed by Balachandra Menon and produced by R. Mohan. The film stars Urvashi, Balachandra Menon, Meera and Shammi Kapoor. The film has musical score by Ravindra Jain. It was simultaneously dubbed in Tamil as Ippadikku Kaadhal.

Ravindra Jain
Ravindra Jain (28 February 1944 – 9 October 2015) was an Indian music composer, lyricist and playback singer.  He started his career in the early 1970s by composing for several hit movies, and continued despite his struggle with blindness. His notable works include Chor Machaye Shor (1974), Geet Gaata Chal (1975), Chitchor (1976) and Ankhiyon Ke Jharokhon Se (1978), Nadiya Ke Paar (1982), Ram Teri Ganga Maili (1985) and Vivah (2006). He composed music for many films and TV shows including Ramanand Sagar's epic Ramayan (1987), which became iconic. He was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian award of the Republic of India in 2015 for his contribution to arts.
Franciszka Arnsztajnowa
Franciszka Hanna Arnsztajnowa (Polish pronunciation: [fraɲˈt͡ɕiʂka arnʂtajˈnɔva]; née Meyerson; 19 February 1865 – August 1942) was a Polish poet, playwright, and translator of Jewish descent. Much of her creative oeuvre falls within the Young Poland period, stylistically encompassing the twilight of neo-romanticism.  She is called "the legend of Lublin".

Young Poland
Young Poland (Polish: Młoda Polska [ˈmwɔ.da ˈpɔl.ska] ⓘ) was a modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature and music, covering roughly the years between 1890 and 1918. It was a result of strong aesthetic opposition to the earlier ideas of Positivism. Young Poland promoted trends of decadence, neo-romanticism, symbolism, Impressionism.

Many of the exhibitions were held at the Palace of Art, also known as "Secession" (Secesja), the headquarters of the Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts, in Kraków Old Town.
Brian Eastman
Brian Robert Eastman (born 3 September 1949, Brighton, UK) is a producer of feature films (such as Shadowlands and Under Suspicion), television drama (such as Agatha Christie's Poirot and Jeeves and Wooster), and stage productions (such as Shadowlands, Misery, Up on the Roof). He has received two BAFTA awards and two international Emmy awards and his productions have received many other awards and nominations. He is a Fellow of the Royal Television Society. He divides his time between the UK and US.

Eastman founded the independent production company Carnival Films and between 1980 and 2006 produced over 300 hours of television drama, eight feature films and 10 stage productions. In 2007 Carnival Films was sold to the Australian company Southern Star. Eastman continues to produce through his new production company, Batway Ltd.

Under Suspicion (1991 film)
Under Suspicion is a 1991 neo noir erotic thriller film directed by Simon Moore and starring Liam Neeson and Laura San Giacomo. Neeson won best actor at the 1992 Festival du Film Policier de Cognac for his performance.
Klaus Kathan
Klaus Kathan (born January 7, 1977) is a German former professional ice hockey winger. He played in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) for the Berlin Capitals, Star Bulls Rosenheim, Kassel Huskies, Adler Mannheim, DEG Metro Stars, Hannover Scorpions, and the EHC München during the 2012-13 season.

Adler Mannheim
The Adler Mannheim (English: Mannheim Eagles, formerly Mannheimer ERC) is a professional ice hockey team of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, the highest-level ice hockey league in Germany. The team is based in Mannheim, a city in the northern part of Baden-Württemberg. Currently, the team plays at SAP Arena, where they moved to at the beginning of the 2005–06 season after having played at Eisstadion am Friedrichspark for nearly seven decades from 1938 through 2005. They have won the German Championship a total of eight times, seven of those coming after 1994 in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.
Design & Art Australia Online
Design & Art Australia Online (DAAO) is an online database of Australian artists. It is fully integrated with other related databases, using syndicated metadata, making it a dynamic resource.

It began as a project begun in the 1970s at the University of Sydney under the leadership of Bernard Smith, then called Dictionary of Australian Artists (DAA), and was continued after his retirement in 1981 by Joan Kerr. The dictionary went online as the digitised version of the DAA, known as the Dictionary of Australian Artists Online, in the early 2000s, before being revised and extended as Design & Art Australia Online in 2010.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Ulu Aiono
Uluomato'otua ("Ulu") Saulaulu Aiono ONZM (born 1954) is a Samoan-born New Zealand technology entrepreneur, civic leader, and philanthropist. He is currently involved in social housing through Habitat for Humanity and the Salvation Army. In 1983, after completing his Bachelor of Computer Science degree at the University of Otago, Aiono founded the enterprise resource planning software company Cogita. In 2012, he and his wife, Margaret Brown, sold Cogita to Silicon Valley company Epicor.

Epicor
Epicor Software Corporation is a business software company based in Austin, Texas founded in 1972. Its products are aimed at the manufacturing, distribution, retail and services industries.

Epicor provides enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM), and human capital management (HCM) software to business customers in both software as a service  (SaaS) and on-premises deployment models.
Tororo (food)
Tororo (Japanese: 薯蕷, とろろ) is a Japanese side dish made from grating raw yams such as yamaimo (Japanese mountain yam) or nagaimo (Chinese yam).

The flavorless dish uses ingredients such as wasabi (a pungent paste made from the wasabi plant), dashi (Japanese stocks), and chopped spring onions, to give it more flavor. It has a white and sticky texture and is also served as an ingredient in various dishes, such as being paired with various types of noodles, such as soba (Japanese buckwheat noodles) and udon (wheat flour noodles).

Its ubiquity in various dishes makes it a staple of Japanese cuisine and culture, being featured in many literary and art works made by people such as poet Matsuo Basho, artist Hiroshige, and Edo period priest Anrakuan Sakuden.

Scallion
Scallions (also known as green onions and spring onions) are edible vegetables of various species in the genus Allium. Scallions generally have a milder taste than most onions. Green onions/scallions have a long, delicate green stem that is white near the root. They have no bulb and a mild, sweet onion flavour. Their close relatives include garlic, shallots, leeks, chives, and Chinese onions. The leaves are eaten both raw and cooked.

Scallions produce hollow, tubular, green leaves that grow directly from the bulb, which does not fully develop. This is different to other Allium species where bulbs fully develop, such as commercially available onions and garlic. True spring onions look similar to green onions, but have a distinctive white bulb at the base.
Pussy Palace
"Pussy Palace" is a song by English musician Lily Allen. Released as part of her fifth album West End Girl, the track describes an incident where she discovered sex toys, personal lubricant, and hundreds of Trojan condoms at an ex-husband's West Village apartment. It peaked at number eight on the UK singles chart, becoming Allen's first top ten song on that chart since 2014, and received positive critical reception.

Trojan (brand)
Trojan is a brand name of condoms and sexual lubricants manufactured by the Church & Dwight Company. Trojan condoms were started by Merle Leland Youngs in the 1910s after he moved to New York City. The major condom manufacturer before Youngs was Julius Schmid, who had made condoms from animal intestines starting in the 1880s.

As of 2006, 70.5% of condoms purchased in United States drugstores are Trojan brand.
Cuigezhuang
Cuigezhuang Township (Chinese: 崔各庄乡; pinyin: Cuīgèzhuāng Xiāng) is a township located in northern Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It is at the south of Sunhe Township, west of Dongba and Jinzhan Townships, north of Jiuxianqiao Subdistrict and Jiangtai Township, east of Wangjing, Donghu Subdistrict and Laiguangying Township. As of 2020, the population of Cuigezhuang was 107,029.

The name Cuigezhuang (Chinese: 崔各庄; lit. 'Cui family Villa') was from a local village  where the current township government resides.

Jinzhan
Jinzhan Township (Chinese: 金盏乡; pinyin: Jīnzhǎn Xiāng) is a township situated at northeastern corner of Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. It borders Sunhe and Tianzhu Townships to the north, Songzhuang Town to the east, Changying Township to the south, Dongba and Cuigezhuang Townships to the west. The township has a population of 82,756 as of 2020.

According to Tianfu Guangji (Chinese: 天府广记; lit. 'Extensive Record on Heavenly State') written during the Ming dynasty, the region was named Jinzhan (Chinese: 金盏; lit. 'Marigold') due to the flowers that grew on a local shallow lake and looked like marigolds.
Pletschuhorn
The Pletschuhorn is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, overlooking the Turtmanntal in the canton of Valais. It is composed of several summits, of which the highest has an elevation of 2,751 metres.

The closest locality is Gruben, on the east side of the mountain.

Pennine Alps
The Pennine Alps (French: Alpes Pennines, German: Walliser Alpen, Italian: Alpi Pennine, Latin: Alpes Poeninae), sometimes referred to as the Valais Alps (which are just the Northern Swiss part of the Pennine Alps), are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Italy (the Aosta Valley and Piedmont) and Switzerland (Valais).

The Pennine Alps are amongst the three highest major subranges of the Alps, together with the Bernese Alps and the Graian Alps that include the Mont Blanc massif.
Day of Honor (Neo-Nazi rally)
The Day of Honor (in Hungarian: Becsület napja) is a neo-Nazi gathering held annually in Budapest around February 11, honoring the German soldiers of the Waffen-SS and the Hungarian troops who attempted to break the Soviet siege of Buda Castle during the Siege of Budapest in 1945. It has become the second largest neo-Nazi gathering in Europe.

Introduced in 1997 by the Hungarian National Front, then taken over by Blood & Honour in 2003, it attracts thousands of participants, including many Hungarian and foreign far-right groups.

Despite several attempts by the authorities to ban it, the rally receives favorable media coverage in government-controlled media and has received public subsidies. In 2023, there was a crackdown on anti-fascist counter-protesters, notably through European arrest warrants.

Siege of Budapest
The Siege of Budapest or Battle of Budapest was the 50-day-long encirclement by Soviet and Romanian forces of the Hungarian capital of Budapest, near the end of World War II. Part of the broader Budapest Offensive, the siege began when Budapest, defended by Hungarian and German troops, was encircled on 26 December 1944 by the Red Army and the Romanian Army. During the siege, about 38,000 civilians died through starvation, military action, and mass executions of Jews by the far-right Hungarian nationalist Arrow Cross Party. The city unconditionally surrendered on 13 February 1945. It was a strategic victory for the Allies in their push towards Berlin.
The Formation of Islam
The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800 is a book by American historian and orientalist, Jonathan Berkey, published by Cambridge University Press in 2003. The book is divided into four parts:

The Near East before Islam

The emergence of Islam: 600-750

The consolidation of Islam: 750-1000

Medieval Islam: 1000-1500

The book won the 2003 Albert Hourani Book Award from the Middle East Studies Association of North America.

Middle East Studies Association
Middle East Studies Association (often referred to as MESA) is a learned society, and according to its website, "a non-profit association that fosters the study of the Middle East, promotes high standards of scholarship and teaching, and encourages public understanding of the region and its peoples through programs, publications and services that enhance education, further intellectual exchange, recognize professional distinction, and defend academic freedom".

Some critics have accused MESA of politicization and being dominated by academics critical of Israel and the United States. In 2007, the Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa was founded as an ideological counterweight to MESA.
Schism of the Three Chapters
The Schism of the Three Chapters was a schism that affected Chalcedonian Christianity in Northern Italy lasting from 553 to 698 AD and in some areas to 715 AD, although the area out of communion with Rome contracted during that time. It was part of a larger Three-Chapter Controversy that affected the whole of Roman-Byzantine Christianity.

Three-Chapter Controversy
The Three-Chapter Controversy, a phase in the Chalcedonian controversy, was an attempt to reconcile the non-Chalcedonians of Syria and Egypt with Chalcedonian Christianity, following the failure of the Henotikon. The Three Chapters  (τρία κεφάλαια, tría kephálaia) that Emperor Justinian I anathematized were:

The person and writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia

Certain writings of Theodoret of Cyrus

The letter of Ibas of Edessa to Maris
Brady Gilmore
Brady Gilmore (born 14 April 2001) is an Australian cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team NSN Development Team. He took his first professional wins in 2025, winning two stages of the Tour du Rwanda.

Tour du Rwanda
The Tour du Rwanda is a cycling race started in 1988 and based in Rwanda. Until 2008, TOUR DU RWANDA was a regional cycling race that brought together Rwandans but also riders from neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda. The race is a cycling stage race that is organized by the Rwanda Cycling Federation (FERWACY). The event has been part of the UCI Africa Tour as a category 2.1-rated event since 2009.
Grimald of Weissenburg
Grimald, Latinised Grimaldus (born around 800; died 13 June 872 in Saint Gall), was abbot of Weissenburg Abbey (around 825–839 and 847–872), abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall (841–872), arch-chaplain of the East Frankish king Louis the German (848–870) and chancellor (833–838/40, 854–870). He was one of the founders of scholarly education in the East Franconian Empire and in St. Gall.

Walafrid Strabo
Walafrid, alternatively spelt Walahfrid, nicknamed Strabo (or Strabus, i.e. "squint-eyed")  (c. 808 – 18 August 849), was an Alemannic Benedictine monk and theological writer who lived on Reichenau Island in southern Germany.