hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Foil (metal)
A foil is a very thin sheet of metal, typically made by hammering or rolling. Foils are most easily made with malleable metal, such as aluminium, copper, tin, and gold. Foils usually bend under their own weight and can be torn easily. For example, aluminium foil is usually about 1⁄1000 inch (0.025 mm), whereas gold (more malleable than aluminium) can be made into foil only a few atoms thick, called gold leaf. Extremely thin foil is called metal leaf. Leaf tears very easily and must be picked up with special brushes.

Gold leaf
Gold leaf is gold that has been hammered into thin sheets (usually around 0.1 μm thick) by a process known as goldbeating, for use in gilding.

Gold leaf is a type of metal leaf, but the term is rarely used when referring to gold leaf. The term metal leaf is normally used for thin sheets of metal of any color that do not contain any real gold. Gold leaf is available in a wide variety of karats and shades. The most commonly used gold is 23-karat gold.

Traditional water gilding is the most difficult and highly regarded form of gold leafing. It has remained virtually unchanged for hundreds of years and is still done by hand.
Osamu Miyazaki
Osamu Miyazaki (born 23 January 1966) is a Japanese former professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He was the first full-time rider in the championship from Japan. After winning his first race in the All Japan Road Race Championship at age 26, Miyazaki joined Aprilia and moved to Italy in 1996 to compete in the Grand Prix. After riding with Aprilla for three seasons, he raced with Yamaha, and helped them with the development of the TZ 250 and YZF-R6. In 2002, he won the Japanese Grand Prix. During his time with Aprilla and Yamaha, he had ridden with different teams, including Edo Racing and Motorex Daytona Yamaha. He left the Grand Prix circuit in 2004 to race in the All Japan Road Race Championship. He started his own team and 2008 and retired after the 2011 season.

All Japan Road Race Championship
The All Japan Road Race Championship (Japanese: 全日本ロードレース選手権, Hepburn: Zen Nihon Rōdo Rēsu Senshuken) is the premiere motorcycle road racing championship in Japan. It is run by the Motorcycle Federation of Japan (MFJ) (日本モーターサイクルスポーツ協会) – the Japanese affiliate of the FIM.
Cheese soup
Cheese soup is a type of soup prepared using cheese as a primary ingredient, along with milk, broth and/or stock to form its basis. Various additional ingredients are used in its preparation, and various types and styles of cheese soup exist. It is a part of some cuisines in the world, such as American, Colombian, Mexican, Swiss, French, and Tibetan cuisines. Mass-produced cheese soups may be prepared with the addition of food additives to preserve them and enhance flavor. A list of cheese soups is included in this article.

Broth
Broth, also known as bouillon (French pronunciation: [bujɔ̃] ⓘ), is a savory liquid made of water in which meat, fish, or vegetables have been simmered for a period of time. It can be eaten alone, but it is most commonly used to prepare other dishes, such as soups, gravies, and sauces.

Commercially prepared liquid broths are available, typically chicken, beef, fish, and vegetable varieties. Dehydrated broth in the form of bouillon cubes was commercialized beginning in the early 20th century.
Ikon Gallery
The Ikon Gallery (grid reference SP060866) is an English gallery of contemporary art, located in Brindleyplace, Birmingham. It is housed in the Grade II listed, neo-Gothic former Oozells Street Board School, designed by John Henry Chamberlain in 1877.

Ikon was set up to encourage the public to engage in contemporary art. As a result, the gallery delivers an off-site Education and Interpretation scheme to educate audiences, and to promote artists and their work. The gallery is open every day of the week except Mondays, though it opens on bank holiday Mondays.

Featured artworks include all forms of media including sound, sculpture and photography as well as paintings. Exhibitions rotate throughout the year so that as many pieces can be displayed as possible. Ikon is a registered charity which is partly funded by Birmingham City Council and Arts Council of England.

Birmingham City Council
Birmingham City Council is the local authority for the city of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. Birmingham has had an elected local authority since 1838, which has been reformed several times. Since 1974 the council has been a metropolitan borough council, a type of unitary authority. It provides the majority of local government services in the city. It is the most populous local government district in England, serving over 1.1 million people. The council has been a member of the West Midlands Combined Authority since 2016.

The council has been under Labour majority control since 2012. It is based at the Council House on Victoria Square, Birmingham.

On 6 September 2023, the council declared effective bankruptcy, and central government commissioners were subsequently appointed to run the council under emergency measures.
Journal of Optics (IOP Publishing journal)
The Journal of Optics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of modern and classical optics, experimental and theoretical studies, applications and instrumentation. It is the official journal of the European Optical Society and is published by IOP Publishing. The editor-in-chief is Andrew Forbes (University of the Witwatersrand). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2024 impact factor of 2.7.

European Optical Society
The European Optical Society (EOS) is a European organisation for the development of the science of optics, founded in 1991. Membership is open to national optical societies, individuals, companies, organisations, educational institutions, and learned and professional societies. EOS runs international conferences, lobbies  for optical science at European level, offers a focus for collecting and disseminating knowledge in the field, and publishes the online Journal of the European Optical Society: Rapid Publications (JEOS:RP).
Vlachokerasia
Vlachokerasia (Greek: Βλαχοκερασιά) is a village in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 385 inhabitants. It is located 22 km from Tripoli and at an altitude of roughly 950 meters, in a region with cherry trees, chestnuts and apple trees, walnuts and plane trees. The numerous water mills serve not only Vlachokerasia but also towns as far as Tegea.

Tripoli, Greece
Tripoli (Greek: Τρίπολη, romanized: Trípoli; Katharevousa: Τρίπολις, romanized: Trípolis) is a city in the central part of the Peloponnese, in Greece. It is the capital of the Peloponnese region as well as of the regional unit of Arcadia. The homonymous municipality had 44,165 inhabitants in 2021.
Naval Station Everett
Naval Station Everett (NAVSTA Everett) is a military installation located in the city of Everett, Washington, 29 miles (47 km) north of Seattle. The naval station, located on the city's waterfront on the northeastern end of Puget Sound, was designed as a homeport for a US Navy carrier strike group and opened in 1994. A separate Navy Support Complex is located in Smokey Point, 11 miles (18 km) north of Everett near Marysville, and houses a commissary, Navy Exchange, a college and other services.

NAVSTA Everett is home to seven guided-missile destroyers, a Coast Guard Keeper-class cutter USCGC Henry Blake, and a USCG Marine Protector-class patrol boat, USCGC Blue Shark.  There are about 6,000 sailors and civil service persons assigned to commands located at Naval Station Everett. The Naval Station itself has about 350 sailors and civilians assigned.

Navy Exchange
Navy Exchange is a retail store chain owned and operated by the United States Navy under the Navy Exchange Service Command (NEXCOM), part of the Naval Supply Systems Command. The Navy Exchange offers goods and services to active military, retirees, and certain civilians on Navy installations in the United States, overseas Navy bases, and aboard Navy ships. The Navy Exchange is a type of base exchange, but is separate from the others (Army & Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES), Marine Corps Exchange, and Coast Guard Exchange).
Delagoa
Delagoa is a marine ecoregion along the eastern coast of Africa. It extends along the coast of Mozambique and South Africa from the Bazaruto Archipelago (21°14’ S) to Lake St. Lucia in South Africa (28° 10' S) in South Africa's Kwazulu-Natal province. It adjoins the Bight of Sofala/Swamp Coast ecoregion to the north, and the Natal ecoregion to the south. It has Africa's southernmost tropical coral reefs and mangrove forests. It is the southernmost Indo-Pacific ecoregion, marking the transition from the tropical Indo-Pacific to Temperate Southern Africa.

Bazaruto Archipelago
The Bazaruto Archipelago (Portuguese pronunciation: [bazaˈɾutu]) is a group of six islands in Mozambique, near the mainland city of Vilankulo. It comprises the islands of Bazaruto, Benguerra, Magaruque, Santa Carolina and Bangué.
2022 İstanbul Cup – Singles
Anastasia Potapova defeated Veronika Kudermetova in the final, 6–3, 6–1 to win the singles title at the 2022 İstanbul Cup. It was her maiden WTA Tour title.

Sorana Cîrstea was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Kudermetova.

Anastasia Potapova
Anastasia Sergeyevna Potapova (born 30 March 2001) is a Russian-born Austrian professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of No. 21 by the WTA, achieved on 19 June 2023, and a doubles ranking of world No. 40, reached on 5 December 2022. Potapova has won three WTA Tour singles titles along with three doubles titles. She is a former junior world No. 1, and she was the 2016 Wimbledon girls' singles champion.
Why Don't We Just Kill the Kid In the Omelas Hole
"Why Don't We Just Kill the Kid In the Omelas Hole" is a 2024 science fiction short story by Isabel J. Kim, revisiting Ursula K. Le Guin's 1973 "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas". It was first published in Clarkesworld.

Clarkesworld Magazine
Clarkesworld Magazine is an American online fantasy and science fiction magazine edited by Neil Clarke. It released its first issue October 1, 2006, and has maintained a regular monthly schedule since, publishing fiction by authors such as Elizabeth Bear, Kij Johnson, Caitlín R. Kiernan, Sarah Monette, Catherynne M. Valente, Jeff VanderMeer and Peter Watts.
Damijan Stepančič
Damijan Stepančič (born 22 May 1969) is a Slovene painter and illustrator, best known for his  children's books illustrations.

Stepančič was born in Ljubljana in 1969. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Ljubljana in 1996 and his creative work focuses on illustration for children's books and journals.

He was included on the IBBY Honour List for 2010. He won the  Levstik Award twice, in 2003 for Leteči krožnik na našem vrtu (A Flying Saucer in Our Garden), and in 2011 for Zgodba o sidru (The Story of the Anchor).

Tone Pavček
Tone Pavček (pronounced [ˈtoːnɛ ˈpaːu̯tʃək]; 29 September 1928 – 21 October 2011) was one of the most influential Slovene poets, translators, and essayists from the first post-war generation. He published numerous collections of poetry, well received by readers and critics alike. He also translated a number of Russian works into Slovene.
Jacksonville Armada U-23
Jacksonville Armada U-23 are an American soccer team based in Jacksonville, Florida. They play in the National Premier Soccer League (NPSL), the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid, and are part of the development system of the Jacksonville Armada FC of the North American Soccer League (NASL). They started play in 2016, replacing Jacksonville United FC in the NPSL. The team currently plays its home games at Nathaniel Glover Community Field & Stadium on the campus of Edward Waters University.

As Jacksonville United FC, the club won the NPSL Championship in its first year in the 2011 season.

National Premier Soccer League
The National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) is an American men's soccer league. The league is officially affiliated to the United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA) and has automatic qualification for the U.S. Open Cup. It is the successor of the Men's Premier Soccer League, a regional league originally based in the Western United States, which has now expanded nationwide to encompass teams from 29 states. The league's motto is "A National League with a Regional Focus".
Aleksandrs Beļavskis
Aleksandrs Beļavskis (Russian: Александр Иосифович Белявский, Belarusian: Аляксандр Іосіфавіч Бяляўскі; born January 17, 1964) is a former Latvian/Soviet ice hockey player and captain of team Latvia, and current coach for the Latvia men's national ice hockey team. He played for two clubs for most of his player career Dinamo Riga where he started his professional career in 1985 and IF Björklöven. He was a prolific goal scorer and skilled playmaker.

Beļavskis has played for Latvia at the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Latvia men's national ice hockey team
The Latvian men's national ice hockey team represents Latvia in international ice hockey. The team is ranked 10th in the world by IIHF as of 2023 and is controlled by the Latvian Ice Hockey Federation. Their best ever finish at the World Championships was in 2023, when they won the bronze medal. They reached the quarterfinals at the 2014 Winter Olympics, losing 2–1 to Canada. Latvia has hosted the World Championships three times, in 2006, 2021 and 2023.

There are 7,898 registered hockey players in Latvia, which is 0.43% of its population.
Avanti kingdom (Mahabharata)
The historical Avanti kingdom of ancient India is described in the Mahabharata epic.
Avanti was divided into north and south by river Vetravati. Initially, Mahissati  (Sanskrit Mahishamati)  was the capital of  southern Avanti, and Ujjaini (Sanskrit Ujjayini) was of northern Avanti,  but at the  times of Mahavira and  Buddha,  Ujjaini was the capital of  integrated Avanti.  The country of Avanti roughly corresponded to modern Malwa, Nimar and adjoining parts of the Madhya Pradesh.

Both Mahishmati and Ujjaini stood on the southern high road called  Dakshinapatha extending from Rajagriha to Pratishthana (modern Paithan).  Avanti was an important center of Buddhism and some of the leading theras and theris were born and resided there.  King Nandivardhana of Avanti was defeated by king Shishunaga of Magadha. Avanti later became part of Magadhan empire.

Avanti (region)
Avanti was an ancient Indian Mahajanapada (Great Janapada), roughly corresponding to the present-day Malwa region. According to the Buddhist texts, the Anguttara Nikaya, Avanti was one of the solasa mahajanapadas (sixteen great realms) of the 6th century BCE. The janapada was divided into two parts by the Vindhyas, the northern part had its capital at Ujjayini and the southern part had its centre at Mahishmati.

The Avantis, the ancient people belonging to this realm, were described as mahavala (very powerful) in the Udyoga Parva (19.24) of the Mahabharata. According to the Vishnu Purana (II.3), the Bhagavata Purana (XII.I.36) and the Brahma Purana (XIX.17), the Avantis were associated with the Malava, the Saurashtras, the Abhiras/Yadavas, the Suras, the Karushas and the Arbudas and were described as dwelling along the Pariyatra (or Paripatra) mountains (a western branch of the Vindhyas).
Vetle Bergsvik Thorn
Vetle Bergsvik Thorn (born 22 May 1999) is a Norwegian triathlete. His achievements include two gold medals at the 2023 European Games, in men's individual competition and in the mixed relay. He also competed for Norway at the 2024 Summer Olympics, finishing 17th in the men's triathlon event.

2023 European Games
The 3rd European Games (Polish: III Igrzyska Europejskie, Igrzyska Europejskie 2023), also known as the 2023 European Games or Kraków-Małopolska 2023, was an international multi-sport event held from 21 June to 2 July 2023 in Kraków and Małopolska, Poland. It was the first time that Poland hosted the European Games. All Olympic sports held at the European Games provided qualification opportunities for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.
Suma Chakrabarti
Sir Sumantra "Suma" Chakrabarti KCB (born 1959) is a British former civil servant who served as president of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) from July 2012 to July 2020. He was previously the highest ranking Indian in Britain's civil service, serving as Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Justice and Clerk of the Crown in Chancery from late 2007 until 2012.

Clerk of the Crown in Chancery
The Clerk of the Crown in Chancery in Great Britain is a senior civil servant who is the head of the Crown Office.

The Crown Office, a section of the Ministry of Justice, has custody of the Great Seal of the Realm, and has certain administrative functions in connection with the courts and the judicial process, as well as functions relating to the electoral process for House of Commons elections, to the keeping of the Roll of the Peerage, and to the preparation of royal documents such as warrants required to pass under the royal sign-manual, fiats, letters patent, etc.
David Torrence (athlete)
David Torrence (November 26, 1985 – August 28, 2017) was a Peruvian-American middle-distance runner and indoor American record holder in the 1000 meters (active). Born in Okinawa, Japan, Torrence was raised in Tarzana, California. After graduating from Loyola High School in 2003, he went on to run for the University of California, Berkeley and Hoka One One. Torrence represented Peru at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Loyola High School (Los Angeles)
Loyola High School is a private, Catholic, college-preparatory high school for boys in Los Angeles, California, United States. It was established in 1865 and is part of the Society of Jesus. It is the oldest continuously run educational institution in Southern California.
Kane Ferdinand
Kane Ryan Ferdinand (born 7 October 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for National League South club Maidenhead United. Ferdinand has previously played for Southend United, Peterborough United, Dagenham & Redbridge and East Thurrock United and has had loan spells at Northampton Town, Luton Town, and Cheltenham Town. He has also represented the Republic of Ireland on several occasions at youth level.

East Thurrock United F.C.
East Thurrock United Football Club was a football club based in Corringham, Essex, England. They last competed in Isthmian League North Division and played at Rookery Hill. The club was placed into liquidation by owner Alfie Best on 1 September 2023. The club stated this was due to historic debts from the previous owners.
Mohammadabad Assembly constituency
Mohammadabad is a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, and a segment of Ballia Lok Sabha constituency, covering the city of Mohammadabad (also spelled Muhammadabad) in the Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It should not be confused with the assembly segment Muhammadabad-Gohna which falls under Ghosi Lok Sabha seat in Mau district.

Mohammadabad is one of five assembly constituencies in the Ballia Lok Sabha constituency. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 378 amongst 403 constituencies.

Ballia Lok Sabha constituency
Ballia is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. It is famous for its political history and participation of former PM Chandra Shekhar in JP Andolan, India.
914 Sound Studios
914 Sound Recording Studios, Inc. was a recording studio in Blauvelt, New York, incorporated by Brooks Arthur on August 28, 1970.  Some of the artists who recorded tracks and albums in the studio were Bruce Springsteen, Dusty Springfield, Ramones, Janis Ian, Blood, Sweat & Tears and Melanie.  It was named after telephone area code 914, which served as the area code for Rockland County (where the studio was located) until 2000.

Janis Ian
Janis Ian (born Janis Eddy Fink; April 7, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter who was most commercially successful in the 1960s and 1970s. Her signature songs are the 1966/67 hit "Society's Child (Baby I've Been Thinking)" and the 1975 Top Ten single "At Seventeen", from her seventh studio album Between the Lines, which in September 1975 reached No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart.

Born in Farmingdale, New Jersey, Ian entered the American folk music scene while still a teenager in the mid-1960s. Most active musically in that decade and the 1970s, she has continued recording into the 21st century. She has won two Grammy Awards, the first in 1975 for "At Seventeen" and the second in 2013 for Best Spoken Word Album, for her autobiography, Society's Child, with ten nominations in eight categories.

Ian is a columnist and science fiction author.
1920 Muncie Flyers season
The 1920 Muncie Flyers season was the franchise's inaugural season in the American Professional Football League (APFA)—later named the National Football League. The Flyers entered the season coming off a 4–1–1 record in 1919. Several representatives from the Ohio League wanted to form a new professional league; thus, the APFA was created.

The 1920 team only played in one game that counted in the standings: a 45–0 loss against the Rock Island Independents. This game and the Columbus Panhandles–Dayton Triangles on the same date is considered to be the first league game featuring two APFA teams. The Flyers tried to schedule other games, but the opponents canceled to play better teams. As a result, the Flyers had to play the rest of the season's game versus local teams. At the end of the season, the Flyers won a game against the Muncie Offers More AC for the Muncie City Championship.

Columbus Panhandles
The Columbus Panhandles were a professional American football team based in Columbus, Ohio. The club was founded in 1901 by workers at the Panhandle shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad. They were a part of the Ohio League from 1904 before folding after one season. Three years later, the team tried again, playing in the Ohio League from 1907 to 1919, not winning a championship, before becoming charter members of the American Professional Football Association (APFA) which became the National Football League (NFL).

The Panhandles are credited with playing in the first NFL game against the Dayton Triangles. They have no NFL championships, but Joseph Carr, the team's owner from 1907 to 1922, is enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame for his work as NFL president.
Hala Gąsienicowa
Hala Gąsienicowa refers to the northern part of Gąsienicowa Valley in the Tatra Mountains, encompassing Rówienki and the area around the Murowaniec mountain hut. It is accessible from Kuźnice via two trails: a blue trail through Boczań and Skupniów Upłaz or a yellow trail through Jaworzynka Valley. Both trails meet at Przełęcz między Kopami and take approximately the same time. From there, the route continues through Królowa Rówień and Rówienki, totaling just over two hours.

Skupniów Upłaz
Skupniów Upłaz, also known as Skupniowy Upłaz, refers to the slopes and ridge between Jaworzynka Valley and Olczyska Valley in the Western Tatras, above Skupniów Przechód.

Skupniów Upłaz ranges from approximately 1,300 to 1,470 m above sea level. It is separated from Wielka Kopa Królowa by the Diabełek pass (approximately 1,470 m) and Roja Couloir. To the north, it descends to Skupniów Przechód (approximately 1,275 m) and the eastern ridge of Wysokie. From Diabełek pass, Długi Couloir extends into Jaworzynka Valley, forming its orographically right branch. The slope facing Olczyska Valley is moderately steep, and lacks prominent rock outcrops, with a rocky-grassy upper section and grassy lower section. The slope facing Jaworzynka Valley is steeper, featuring several small rocks and peaks, including Parzące Turnie, Gruba Turnia, Krzemionka, Mnich, and others.