hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Civil defense by country
Many countries around the world have civil defense organizations dedicated to protecting civilians from military attacks and providing rescue services after widespread disasters. In most countries, civil defense is a government-managed and often volunteer-staffed organization.

Towards the end of the Cold War, a number of civil defense organizations have been disbanded or mothballed (as in the case of the Royal Observer Corps in the United Kingdom and the United States civil defense), while others have changed their focuses into providing rescue services after natural disasters (as for the State Emergency Service in Australia).

Royal Observer Corps
The Royal Observer Corps (ROC) was a civil defence organisation intended for the visual detection, identification, tracking and reporting of aircraft over Great Britain. It operated in the United Kingdom between 29 October 1925 and 31 December 1995, when the Corps' civilian volunteers were stood down (ROC headquarters staff at RAF Bentley Priory stood down on 31 March 1996). Composed mainly of civilian spare-time volunteers, ROC personnel wore a Royal Air Force (RAF) style uniform and latterly came under the administrative control of RAF Strike Command and the operational control of the Home Office. Civilian volunteers were trained and administered by a small cadre of professional full-time officers under the command of the Commandant Royal Observer Corps; latterly a serving RAF Air Commodore.
Retraced
Retraced is the second studio album released by American rock guitarist Jake E. Lee. The album features no original material, instead consisting of covers of various bands from Lee's youth.

For the recording of Retraced, Lee recruited former Michael Schenker Group frontman Chris Logan, Tim Bogert of Vanilla Fudge, Cactus and Beck, Bogert & Appice fame, and Aynsley Dunbar, formerly of Journey, Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention, David Bowie's backing band and Whitesnake.

Tim Bogert
John Voorhis "Tim" Bogert III (August 27, 1944 – January 13, 2021) was an American multi-instrumentalist musician and frequent collaborator with drummer Carmine Appice; the duo performed in such bands as Vanilla Fudge, Cactus, and the power trio Beck, Bogert & Appice.. As a bass guitarist and vocalist he was best known for his powerful vocal ability and his fast runs, fluid agility and ground-breaking sound on his Fender Precision Bass. He was one of the pioneers of using distortion with his bass to help it cut through the mix with the low-powered amps of his time, which also imparted a very sharp-edged sound to it.
KT-89
KT-89 was a Polish People's Republic's motor torpedo boat from the Cold War period, one of 19 Soviet P 6-class torpedo boats acquired by Polish People's Republic. The unit was built at shipyard no. 5 in Leningrad, then leased to Poland, and commissioned into the Polish Navy on 25 June 1957. The vessel, intensively utilized and marked with hull numbers KT-89 and 416, was decommissioned in October 1973.

P 6-class torpedo boat
The P 6-class torpedo boat, Soviet designation Project 183 Bolshevik, were Soviet wood-hulled motor torpedo boats produced shortly after World War II. They were armed with two twin 25 mm autocannons and two 533 mm (21.0 in) torpedoes.
Otter Lake (Oneida County, New York)
Otter Lake is located by Otter Lake, New York southeast of McKeever, New York. Fish species present in the lake are largemouth bass, white sucker, rock bass, yellow perch, smallmouth bass, and black bullhead. There is trail access from Long Lake on the southwest shore of Otter Lake.

Long Lake (Oneida County, New York)
Long Lake is located northeast of Holiday House, New York. The lake is home to largemouth bass, crappie, rock bass, northern pike, yellow perch, smallmouth bass, walleye, white perch, and black bullhead. There is a state-owned carry down launch located on the northwest shore off Long Lake Road.
Kofi Kinaata
Martin King Arthur (born 15 April 1990), popularly known as Kofi Kinaata, is a Ghanaian musician and songwriter from Takoradi. Known for his Fante rap and freestyle, he is often referred to by the moniker of Fante Rap God (FRG).

KiDi
Dennis Nana Dwamena (born 18 August 1993), known by his stage name KiDi (which translates to "rhythm"), is a Ghanaian singer-songwriter. He is known for his contributions to the genres of afrobeats and high-life.
Russian frigate Oryol (1668)
Oryol (Russian: Орёл, eagle; also Orel) was a frigate that served in the Russian Navy. It was commissioned by Tsar Alexis I to protect Russian trading ships on the Caspian Sea and became the first Russian-built warship. The ship was built between 1667 and 1669 by the developing shipyard in Dedinovo on the Oka River. Although Oryol was captured and burned in 1670, it has achieved lasting importance as a symbol of the birth of Russian naval power.

Oryol is often considered the first Russian sailing ship of Western European type, even though Frederick (or Friedrich) was built in 1636 in Nizhny Novgorod. However, Frederick sailed in the service of Holstein-Gottorp, not Russia, having been constructed as a joint venture using Russian labor and materials, but Holstein funds and expertise.

Oka (river)
The Oka (UK: /ˈɒkə/, US: /ˈoʊkə/; Russian: Ока IPA: [ɐˈka]) is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as the town of Kaluga. Its length is 1,500 km (930 mi) and its catchment area 245,000 km2 (95,000 sq mi). The Russian capital Moscow sits on one of the Oka's tributaries—the Moskva, from which the capital's name is thought to be derived.
Scala Dei (Eiximenis)
Scala Dei (Stair of God), also called Tractat de contemplació (Contemplation treatise), is a literary work written by Francesc Eiximenis possibly in 1399 in Valencia in Catalan and dedicated to Maria de Luna, queen of the Crown of Aragon and wife of king Martin of Aragon.

Martin of Aragon
Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.
Ray Gripper
Raymond Arthur Gripper (born 7 July 1938) is a former cricketer. He was a right-handed opening batsman and became a regular member of the Rhodesian side for 15 years starting in 1957–58, at one stage captaining them. His highest score was an innings of 279 not out made against Orange Free State in 1967–68. This remained a Currie Cup record for some years. His son Trevor played Test cricket for Zimbabwe, also as an opening batsman.

CSA 4-Day Domestic Series
The CSA 4-Day Domestic Series is the domestic first class cricket competition of South Africa. The tournament is contested by teams from all nine provinces of South Africa.

First contested as the Currie Cup from 1889–90, the tournament has undergone many changes and modifications in its history. In 2004, the traditional province-based format was replaced, with many teams amalgamating. In its place, six entirely professional franchises were created that represented much larger population areas.

The competition underwent significant restructuring once again before the start of the 2021–22 season. The six-team franchise system was disbanded, and the tournament returned to its more traditional format. Fifteen province-based teams now compete across two divisions, determined by promotion and relegation.
History of Besançon
Classified as a City of Art and History and listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Besançon possesses a significant architectural heritage. Originating as a Gallic oppidum, the city evolved into an important cultural, military, and economic center. Alternating between Germanic and French control, the capital of Franche-Comté has preserved numerous historical elements dating from Antiquity to the 19th century.

Free Imperial City of Besançon
The Free Imperial City of Besançon was a self-governing free imperial city that was part of the Holy Roman Empire. Its capital was Besançon.

From 1184 until 1654 the city of Besançon was a free imperial city (German: Freie Reichsstadt) as shown by the coat of arms until today and called Bisanz. The city was first separated from the governance of the County of Burgundy in 1034 as a prince-bishopric, an ecclesiastical state in the Holy Roman Empire. The city was governed by the Prince-Archbishopric of Besançon, although later most of his power would devolve to a council within the town. The free imperial city enclosed only the city of Besançon in the Franche-Comté so for a large part of the time it was controlled those who controlled access across the surrounding land, first by the dukes of Burgundy, and then by the Habsburgs. Finally, it lost its imperial status but remained a free city.
1979–1983 Fremantle railway line closure
On 2 September 1979, the Fremantle line, a suburban railway line in Perth, was closed by the Liberal Government of Western Australia due to a claimed lack of patronage and cost effectiveness. The line was reopened on 29 July 1983 following the election of a Labor government at the 1983 state election.

1983 Western Australian state election
Elections were held in the state of Western Australia on 19 February 1983 to elect all 57 members to the Legislative Assembly and 18 members to the 34-seat Legislative Council.

The three-term Liberal-National Country coalition government, led by Premier Ray O'Connor since 25 January 1982 (after the retirement of Sir Charles Court) was defeated by the Labor Party, led by Opposition Leader Brian Burke since 10 September 1981.
Patience Agbabi
Patience Agbabi FRSL (born 1965) is a British poet and performer who emphasizes the spoken word. Although her poetry addresses contemporary themes, it often makes use of formal constraints, including traditional poetic forms. She has described herself as "bicultural" and bisexual. Issues of racial and gender identity feature in her poetry. She is celebrated "for paying equal homage to literature and performance" and for work that "moves fluidly and nimbly between cultures, dialects, voices; between page and stage." In 2017, she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.

Carol Ann Duffy
Dame Carol Ann Duffy (born 23 December 1955) is a Scottish poet and playwright. She is a professor of contemporary poetry at Manchester Metropolitan University, and was appointed Poet Laureate in May 2009, serving in this position until her term ended in 2019. She was the first female, the first Scottish-born and the first openly lesbian poet to hold the Poet Laureate position.

Her collections include Standing Female Nude (1985), winner of a Scottish Arts Council Book Award; Selling Manhattan (1987), which won a Somerset Maugham Award; Mean Time (1993), which won the Whitbread Poetry Award; and Rapture (2005), which won the T. S. Eliot Prize. Her poems address issues such as oppression, gender, and violence, in accessible language.
Douglas Brand
Douglas Brand OBE (born April 28, 1951) is a British criminologist and retired police officer who was tasked with assisting with the establishment of the newly formed Iraqi Police in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Iraqi Police
The Iraqi Police (Arabic: الشرطة العراقية), officially part of the General Directorate of Public Security (Arabic: مديرية الأمن العام), is the primary civilian law enforcement agency under the authority of the Ministry of Interior responsible for maintaining internal security and enforcing law and order throughout Iraq.
2008 Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council election
The 2008 Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council election took place on 1 May 2008 to elect members of Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council in Hertfordshire, England. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 2007. The Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

2007 Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council election
The 2007 Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council election took place on 3 May 2007 to elect members of Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council in Hertfordshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 35

Labour 10

Liberal Democrat 3
Milecastle 17
Milecastle 17 (Welton/Whittledean) was a milecastle of the Roman Hadrian's Wall.  The milecastle is located near to the Whittle Dene reservoirs and is visible as a platform in the ground.  Just 174m west of the milecastle is a distinct change in wall construction, indicating that it may have formed a boundary between different legions.  The existence of the milecastle has been known since at least 1732 and excavations have produced numerous finds and evidence of post-Roman occupation.  The associated turrets both lie beneath the B3618 Military Road.  A stone found near the milecastle is the only known written record of the name of Gaius Julius Marcus, a Roman Governor of Britain whose name has been erased from other inscriptions possibly because he fell out of favour with Emperor Caracalla.

Military Road (Northumberland)
The Military Road is part of the B6318 road in Northumberland, England, which runs from Heddon-on-the-Wall in the east to Greenhead in the west.

For much of its length, the Military Road is straight and resembles a Roman road. However, the term "military road" comes from the impetus to build a road suitable for the movement of military equipment and vehicles between Newcastle and Carlisle. This was largely in response to the poor conditions encountered on the road by Hanoverian forces under Field Marshal Wade in 1746 when trying to suppress the Jacobites fighting for Bonnie Prince Charlie in the North. The struggle of the troops under Field Marshal Wade, and his association with other 'Military Roads' in Scotland, is likely to be the source of the claim that he was also responsible for this route.

The road runs alongside Hadrian's Wall for much of its length, and long stretches of it are built on the foundations of the wall.
Dean Pelman
Dean Pelman (born 1995) is an Israeli-American free agent professional baseball pitcher. He plays for the Israel National Baseball Team. He pitched for Team Israel at the 2019 European Baseball Championship. He also pitched for the team at the Africa/Europe 2020 Olympic Qualification tournament in Italy in September 2019, which Israel won to qualify to play baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Israel national baseball team
The Israel National Baseball Team (Hebrew: נבחרת ישראל בבייסבול) also known as "The Mensch on a Bench" represents Israel in international baseball competitions. It is managed by Nate Fish.

At the 2017 WBC, Team Israel came in 6th. In 2022, Israel was ranked 20th in the world. The Israel national baseball team competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in 2021, where it beat Mexico and finished 5th. It also competed in the 2023 World Baseball Classic, where it did not progress to the quarterfinal round.

Team Israel will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic from March 6-11, 2026, at LoanDepot Park in Miami in Pool D. It will face Team Venezuela, Team Netherlands, Team Dominican Republic, and Team Nicaragua. American-Israeli former 4x All Star and 2x Gold Glove winning second baseman Ian Kinsler will be the team's manager.
Western Suburbs RFC (Wellington)
The Western Suburbs RFC, or Wests Roosters, is a rugby union club based in Wellington, New Zealand. Wests is a constituent club of the Wellington Rugby Football Union. The club was founded in 1983 as an amalgamation of the Athletic, Karori and Onslow rugby clubs. Wests won the Jubilee Cup in 1998 and the Hardham Cup in 2000, and 2003.

Wellington Rugby Football Union
The Wellington Rugby Football Union (known as the Wellington Lions for competition reasons) are a New Zealand governing body of rugby union in the New Zealand province of Wellington Region. The main stadium is Sky Stadium (formerly named Westpac Stadium) which is located in Wellington. The union also represents the Wellington Lions, which is professional rugby union team who compete in the National Provincial Championship competition and contest for the Ranfurly Shield. Before 2006 the Lions competed in the original National Provincial Championship.
1923 Los Angeles mayoral election
The 1923 Los Angeles mayoral election took place on May 1, 1923. Incumbent George E. Cryer was re-elected over four challengers, which included former Councilman Bert L. Farmer and former Indiana Senator Edward E. Moore.

Municipal elections in California, including Mayor of Los Angeles, are officially nonpartisan; candidates' party affiliations do not appear on the ballot.

George E. Cryer
George Edward Cryer (May 13, 1875 – May 24, 1961) was an American lawyer and politician. A Republican, Cryer served as the 32nd Mayor of Los Angeles from 1921 to 1929, a period of rapid growth in the city's population. During his administration, the Los Angeles City Hall and Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum were built, and the city's population surpassed 1,000,000. Prior and subsequent to serving as mayor, he was a lawyer. Between 1929 and 1931, Cryer became engaged in a widely publicized libel court case with the Reverend Robert P. Shuler, a radio evangelist who accused Cryer of being a "grafter" who had entered office a poor man and left office a millionaire.
Kowloon Central (1995 constituency)
Kowloon Central was a geographical constituency in the election for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong in 1995, which elects one member of the Legislative Council using the first-past-the-post voting system. The constituency covers Kowloon City District and Wong Tai Sin District in Kowloon.

The constituency was divided and replaced by the Kowloon East and Kowloon West constituencies in 1998 after the handover of Hong Kong a year before.

Kowloon East (1998 constituency)
The Kowloon East geographical constituency was one of the five geographical constituencies in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1998 to 2021. It was established in 1998 for the first SAR Legislative Council election and was abolished under the 2021 overhaul of the Hong Kong electoral system. In the 2016 Legislative Council election, it elected five members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation. The constituency corresponded to the today's districts of Wong Tai Sin and Kwun Tong.
Unifacial cambium
The unifacial cambium (pl. cambia or cambiums) produces cells to the interior of its cylinder.  These cells differentiate into xylem tissue.  Unlike the more common bifacial cambium found in later woody plants, the unifacial cambium does not produce phloem to its exterior.  Also in contrast to the bifacial cambium, the unifacial cambium is unable to expand its circumference with anticlinal cell division.  Cell elongation provides a limited amount of expansion.

Phloem
Pith

Protoxylem

Metaxylem

Phloem

Sclerenchyma (bast fibre)

Cortex

Epidermis

Phloem (/ˈfloʊ.əm/, FLOH-əm) is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to the rest of the plant. This transport process is called translocation. In trees, the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark, hence the name, derived from the Ancient Greek word φλοιός (phloiós), meaning "bark". The term was introduced by Carl Nägeli in 1858. Different types of phloem can be distinguished. The early phloem formed in the growth apices is called protophloem. Protophloem eventually becomes obliterated once it connects to the durable phloem in mature organs, the metaphloem. Further, secondary phloem is formed during the thickening of stem structures.
Jægersborg Allé
Jægersborg Allé is a major street in the Charlottenlund and Jægersborg neighborhoods of Gentofte Municipality in the northern suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Strandvejen in the southeast to a junction just east of Jægersborg railway station in the northwest. The first leg of the road passes through Charlottenlund Forest, and it later follows the north boundary of Bernstorff Park. It passes a number of historic buildings, including Charlottenlund Palace, Bernstorff Palace and Schæffergården.

Schæffergården
Schæffergården, formerly Jægersborghus, is  a Rococo-style mansion located on Jægersborg Allé in Jægersborg, Gentofte Municipality, some 15 kilometres north of central Copenhagen, Denmark. The listed main building was built by court carpenter Dietrich Schäffer in 1755-1756 . It has been owned by the Foundation for Danish-Norwegian Cooperation since the 1940s and is now operated as a conference centre following several renovations and expansions of the complex by architect such as Kaare Klint.
Mod (film)
Mod (Hindi pronunciation: ['moːɽ]; transl. Turn) is a 2011 Hindi romantic drama film directed by Nagesh Kukunoor. The film stars Ayesha Takia and Rannvijay Singh, Raghubir Yadav, Tanvi Azmi, and Anant Mahadevan. The film was released on 14 October 2011. The film is a remake of the 2007 Taiwanese film ′'Keeping Watch.′′

Rannvijay Singha
Rannvijay Singha is an Indian film actor, television personality, host, and VJ. He is known for his role in MTV Roadies. He was a part of the show from 2004 to 2020, earlier as a gang leader and then as a host. He was also a part of the auditions judging panel from season 8 to season 18 and a gang leader.

He made his Bollywood debut in Toss: A Flip of Destiny (2009). Rannvijay has also acted in London Dreams (2009) and Action Replayy (2010). Singha made his Punjabi movie debut in 2011, starring in Jimmy Shergill's Dharti.
Randidangazhi (film)
Randidangazhi (transl. Two Measures) is a 1958 Indian Malayalam political film based on the novel of the same name by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai and directed by P. Subramaniam with Miss Kumari, P. J. Antony, T. S. Muthaiah, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair, S. P. Pillai, Bahadoor, Adoor Pankajam, Soman and J. A. R. Anand in the star cast. It received a certificate of merit at the National Film Awards.

P. J. Antony
P. J. Antony (1 January 1925 – 14 March 1979) was an Indian stage and film actor. He received the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Nirmalyam in 1974. He was also the first actor working in Malayalam cinema to receive the award. Antony was also a respected figure in the professional theatre field, working with communist cultural and art bodies like the K.P.A.C.

He also established his own theatre, named Prathibha Theatres, in Kochi.
Upendra Yadav (cricketer)
Upendra Diwansingh Yadav (born 8 October 1996) is an Indian first-class cricketer who plays for Railways.

He made his first-class debut for Uttar Pradesh in the 2016–17 Ranji Trophy on 29 November 2016. He made his List A debut for Uttar Pradesh in the 2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 5 February 2018. He was bought by Sunrisers Hyderabad for Rs. 25 Lakh, in the 2023 Indian Premier League auction.

Uttar Pradesh cricket team
The Uttar Pradesh cricket team, formerly United Provinces Cricket Team, is a domestic cricket team which is based in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, run by the Uttar Pradesh Cricket Association. The team competes in the first-class cricket tournament Ranji Trophy and limited-overs Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. They have won the Ranji Trophy in 2005–06 and have been runners-up on five occasions. Cricketers such as Suresh Raina, Mohammad Kaif, Piyush Chawla, Rudra Pratap Singh, Praveen Kumar, Bhuvneshwar Kumar and Kuldeep Yadav have passed through Uttar Pradesh and gone on to represent India.