hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ofer Winter
Ofer Winter (Hebrew: עופר וינטר; born February 3, 1971) is a retired Israel Defense Forces Brigadier General who has served in the reserves since 2024. He served as the commander of 98th Paratroopers Division, the military secretary to the Israeli Minister of Defense, the Chief of Staff of Central Command, the commander of the Givati Brigade, the commander of the Northern Brigade in the Gaza Strip, the commander of the 646 Brigade, the commander of the Duvdevan Unit, and the commander of the Givati Reconnaissance Battalion.

Duvdevan Unit
Unit 217, frequently called Duvdevan (Hebrew: דובדבן, lit. 'cherry'), is a mistaʽaravim unit in the Commando Brigade of the Israel Defense Forces.

It is notable for its undercover operations in urban areas, during which its operators often wear civilian clothing to disguise themselves among the local Arab populace. The unit is also known to have highly trained members in both human and mechanical counter-surveillance. Unit 217 performs many high-risk and complicated operations, including targeted killings of militants and a range of other undercover operations in Arab regions, many of which are classified.
Rada Dyson-Hudson
Vera Radaslava Dyson-Hudson (née Demerec; July 8, 1930 – April 14, 2016) was an American anthropologist. Originally interested in Drosophila genetics and a winner of the 1947 Westinghouse Science Talent Search, she switched towards anthropology after meeting her husband Neville Dyson-Hudson. A 1955 Guggenheim Fellow, she did two field studies in east Africa, focusing on the Karamojong people and Turkana people. She was co author of Rethinking Human Adaptation: Biological and Cultural Models (1983) and HRAFlex (1985). Originally a lecturer at the University of Khartoum, she worked at Johns Hopkins University, Binghamton University, and Cornell University as a professor, retiring from the last school as a professor emeritus.

Regeneron Science Talent Search
The Regeneron Science Talent Search, known from its establishment in 1942 to 1998 as the Westinghouse Science Talent Search and from 1999 to 2016 as the Intel Science Talent Search, is a research-based science competition in the United States for high school seniors hosted by the Society for Science. It has been referred to as "the nation's oldest and most prestigious" science competition and several of its alumni have gone on to be scientists prominent in their fields. In his speech at the dinner honoring the 1991 winners, President George H. W. Bush called the competition the "Super Bowl of science."
Raccordo autostradale RA6
Raccordo autostradale 6 (RA 6; "Motorway connection 6") or Raccordo autostradale Bettolle-Perugia ("Bettolle-Perugia motorway connection") is an autostrada (Italian for "motorway") 59.3 kilometres (36.8 mi) long in Italy located in the regions of Tuscany and Umbria, and managed by ANAS, that allows a quick connection of the Strada statale 3 bis Tiberina (also known as E45) near the city of Perugia with the Autostrada A1 where the route begins in the locality of Bettolle, municipality of Sinalunga (Province of Siena). The RA 6 is a seamless continuation of the Strada statale 715 Siena-Bettolle and, on the other end, it continues (after a short stretch on the Strada statale 3 bis Tiberina) as Strada statale 75 Centrale Umbra up to Foligno.

Autostrada A1 (Italy)
The Autostrada A1 or Autostrada del Sole ("Sun motorway") is the longest (760 kilometres (470 mi)) autostrada (Italian for "motorway") in Italy, linking some of the largest cities of the country: Milan, Bologna, Florence, Rome, and Naples. The Autostrada A1 is located in the regions of Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria, Lazio, and Campania. It is a part of the E35 and E45 European routes.
Black-backed dwarf kingfisher
The black-backed dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx erithaca), also known as the three-toed kingfisher, is a pocket-sized bird in the family Alcedinidae. It was formerly considered as conspecific with the rufous-backed dwarf kingfisher and together the species complex was known by the English name "oriental dwarf kingfisher".

This tropical kingfisher is a partial migrant that is endemic to parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Mainland Southeast Asia. It resides in lowland forests, typically near streams or ponds, where it feeds upon insects, spiders, worms, crabs, fish, frogs, and lizards. It is easily distinguishable from other birds in its range due to its red bill, yellow-orange underparts, lilac-rufous upperparts, and blue-black back.

Rufous
Rufous (/ˈruːfəs/) is a color that may be described as reddish-brown or brownish-red, as of rust or oxidised iron. The first recorded use of rufous as a color name in English was in 1782. However, the color is also recorded earlier in 1527 as a diagnostic urine color.

The word "rufous" is derived from the Latin rufus, meaning "red", and is used as an adjective in the names of many animals—especially birds—to describe the color of their skin, fur, or plumage.
Expedition 22
Expedition 22 was the twenty-second long duration crew flight to the International Space Station (ISS). This expedition began on 1 December 2009 when the Expedition 21 crew departed. For a period of three weeks, there were only two crew members; it was the first time that had occurred since STS-114. Commander Jeff Williams and flight engineer Maksim Surayev were joined by the rest of their crew on 22 December 2009, making the Expedition 22 a crew of five.

The expedition had ended when Soyuz TMA-16 undocked on 18 March 2010, and was immediately followed by the start of Expedition 23.

Expedition 21
Expedition 21 was the 21st long-duration mission to the International Space Station (ISS). The expedition began on 11 October 2009, with Frank de Winne becoming the first ESA astronaut to command a space mission.

The handover between Expedition 20 and Expedition 21 required three Soyuz vehicles being docked to the station at the same time, the first time this has occurred.

Soyuz TMA-16 brought the final members of Expedition 21 to the ISS, along with space tourist Guy Laliberté. Laliberté returned to Earth on Soyuz TMA-14 with two members of Expedition 20 on 11 October 2009.

Nicole P. Stott was the last ISS expedition crew member to fly on the Space Shuttle. She returned to Earth aboard STS-129 in November 2009.
Palaeopanthera
Palaeopanthera (lit. 'ancient Panthera') is an extinct genus of pantherine felid which lived during the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene of Asia (China and Turkey). It contains two species, P. blytheae and P. pamiri, which were initially suggested as members of the genera Panthera and Felis respectively, but subsequent studies have placed both species to be separate from their original generic assignment.

Zanclean
The Zanclean is the lowest stage or earliest age on the geologic time scale of the Pliocene. It spans the time between 5.332 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and 3.6 ± 0.005 Ma. It is preceded by the Messinian Age of the Miocene Epoch, and followed by the Piacenzian Age.

The Zanclean can be correlated with regionally used stages, such as the Opoitian of New Zealand, and the Tabianian or Dacian of Central Europe. It also corresponds to the late Hemphillian to mid-Blancan North American Land Mammal Ages. In California, the Zanclean roughly corresponds to the middle part of the Delmontian stage.
Frank Shu
Frank Hsia-San Shu (Chinese: 徐遐生; Jyutping: Ceoi4 Haa4 Sang1; June 2, 1943 – April 22, 2023) was a Chinese-American astrophysicist, astronomer, and author. He served as a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Diego. He is best known for proposing the density wave theory to explain the structure of spiral galaxies, and for describing a model of star formation, where a giant dense molecular cloud collapses to form a star.

Molecular cloud
A molecular cloud—sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size permit absorption nebulae, the formation of molecules (most commonly molecular hydrogen, H2), and the formation of H II regions. This is in contrast to other areas of the interstellar medium that contain predominantly ionized gas.

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H2 is carbon monoxide (CO). The ratio between CO luminosity and H2 mass is thought to be constant, although there are reasons to doubt this assumption in observations of some other galaxies.

Within molecular clouds are regions with higher density, where much dust and many gas cores reside, called clumps. These clumps are the beginning of star formation if gravitational forces are sufficient to cause the dust and gas to collapse.
Zaib-un-Nisa (film)
Zaib-un-Nisa is a 1976 Pakistani historical romance film directed by Fareed Ahmad. It stars Shamim Ara in the titular role, with Waheed Murad, Saleem Nasir, Aliya and Talish in pivotal roles. Set during the era of Indian rebellion of 1857, the film focuses on the anti-colonialist movement against the British Raj. It marked the debut of Nasir, who played the role of the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. The music of the film was composed by Inayat Hussain. It was a box-office disaster.

The historical inaccuracies of the film are notable, particularly in its portrayal of Zeb-un-Nisa as the granddaughter of Bahadur Shah Zafar, when in fact, Zeb-un-Nisa was the daughter of Aurangzeb Alamgir.

Shamim Ara
Shamim Ara (شمیم آرا, 22 March 1938 – 5 August 2016) was a Pakistani film actress, director, and  producer. She was known as The Tragic Beauty because of the tragic heroine roles she often portrayed in films. She was one of the most popular actresses of her time and was one of the most successful actresses of the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. She is regarded as one of the most influential actresses of all time in Pakistani cinema.
Montreal Carabins men's ice hockey
The Montreal Carabins men's ice hockey team was an ice hockey team representing the Montreal Carabins athletics program of the Université de Montréal. The program was one of the earliest college teams in Canada, however, it has been dormant since 1972.

Montreal Carabins
The Montréal Carabins (French: Carabins de Montréal) are the men's and women's athletic teams that represent the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Teams play at the CEPSUM Stadium and at l'aréna du CEPSUM, located at the Université de Montréal campus.
Mishihuajanan
Mishihuajanan (possibly from Ancash Quechua mishi cat, Quechua waqay crying, to cry, -na a suffix, "where the cat cries", -n a suffix) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,100 m (16,700 ft) high. It is located in the Lima Region, Cajatambo Province, Cajatambo District, and in the Oyón Province, Oyón District. Mishihuajanan lies southwest of Millpo and north of Huayllajirca.

Huayllajirca
Huayllajirca (possibly from Quechua waylla meadow, Ancash Quechua hirka mountain, "meadow mountain") is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 m (16,000 ft) high. It is located in the Lima Region, Cajatambo Province, Cajatambo District, and in the Oyón Province, Oyón District. Huayllajirca lies northwest of the mountain named Chalhuacocha and northeast of Pishtac and Tocto lake.
Edwin Henry Hackley
Edwin Henry Hackley, also commonly known as Edwin H. Hackley (1859 – 1940), was the first African-American lawyer admitted to the Colorado Bar Association (1883). Beginning in 1886, he worked as the Denver County Clerk, and then spent almost 14 years as an Abstract Clerk. He practiced law when he could, but after some time he closed his practice because it was not profitable.

He was the editor and publisher of The Statesman, working on the paper from 1892 to until 1901. He wrote the musical comedy play entitled The Ambassador. In 1930, he published Hackley & Harrison's hotel and apartment guide for colored travelers, six years before The Negro Motorist Green Book. He advocated for civil rights and opportunities for advancement of African Americans. The story of his life, A Biography of Edwin Henry Hackley 1859-1940: African-American Attorney and Activist, was published in 2003.

Colorado Bar Association
The Colorado State Bar Association (CBA), founded in 1897, is a voluntary bar association for the state of Colorado.

The earliest bar association in what is now Colorado was the Weld County Bar Association, founded by three lawyers in or after 1870.

A 21-member board of governors is elected on an annual basis, except for an executive director, who is hired by the board itself.

CBA is the publisher of a monthly journal, The Colorado Lawyer.
Jason Altmire
Jason Altmire (born March 7, 1968) is an American businessman, author, lobbyist and politician. He is the former Democratic U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district, serving from 2007 until 2013.

Prior to entering Congress, Altmire worked as a healthcare industry lobbyist. Notably for a Democrat, he voted against President Barack Obama's landmark legislation, the Affordable Care Act, in 2010. After leaving Congress in 2013, he has worked for health insurance companies and health care business consulting firms. He currently serves as president of Career Education Colleges and Universities, the national trade association representing private career schools.

Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district
Pennsylvania's fourth congressional district, effective January 3, 2023, encompasses the majority of Montgomery County and most of Berks County northeast of Reading in southeastern Pennsylvania. In the 2020 redistricting cycle, the Pennsylvania district pushed northwards, further into Berks County, effective with the 2022 elections. The area has been represented by Democrat Madeleine Dean since 2019.
Horsehills Creek
Horsehills Creek is a creek that flows in the far northeastern corridor of the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The creek is a minor tributary to the North Saskatchewan River and is surrounded by agricultural fields and native vegetation. The City of Edmonton considers Horsehills Creek a designated protected site, because of the flora and fauna located in patches of forest and wetlands.

North Saskatchewan River
The North Saskatchewan River is a glacier-fed river that flows from the Canadian Rockies continental divide east to central Saskatchewan, where it joins with the South Saskatchewan River to make up the Saskatchewan River. Its water flows into the Hudson Bay via Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River.

The Saskatchewan River system is the largest shared between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its watershed includes most of southern and central Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Child's Play (1972 film)
Child's Play is a 1972 American drama-mystery film directed by Sidney Lumet. It stars James Mason, Robert Preston and Beau Bridges. The screenplay by Leon Prochnik is based on the 1970 play of the same title by Robert Marasco.

Beau Bridges
Lloyd Vernet "Beau" Bridges III (born December 9, 1941) is an American actor. He is a three-time Emmy, two-time Golden Globe and one-time Grammy Award winner, as well as a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award nominee. Bridges also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to television. He is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges and the elder brother of fellow actor Jeff Bridges.
Muhammad ibn Sharif
Sultan Sidi Muhammad ibn Sharif ibn Ali ibn Muhammad (Arabic: سيدي محمد بن شريف بن علي بن محمد) (? – 2 August 1664) was an Arab ruler of Tafilalt, Morocco between 1636 and 1664. He was the eldest son of Moulay Sharif ibn Ali and came to power when his father stepped down. He was killed on 2 August 1664 in a battle on the plain of Angad by troops of his half-brother Moulay Rachid.

Mohammed al-Hajj ibn Mohammed al-Dila'i
Mohammed al-Hajj ibn Mohammed ibn Abu Bakr al-Dila'i (Arabic: محمد الحاج الدلائي; died 1662) was the head of the Zaouia of Dila and conquered Meknes and Fez in 1641. He was proclaimed Sultan of Morocco in 1659, after the murder of the last Saadi Sultan Ahmad al-Abbas.
Aristocratic Republic (Peru)
The name of Aristocratic Republic (Spanish: República Aristocrática) is given to the period following the 1895 election of Nicolás de Piérola as President of Peru. This period was characterised by the political dominance of an oligarchy dedicated to agro-exports, mining and finance, through the Civilista Party. The term was coined by historian Jorge Basadre. During this period, the so-called Second Civilism (Spanish: Segundo civilismo) took place, in contrast to that of 1872 to 1876.

The period begins with the rise to power of Nicolás de Piérola, which marks the beginning of a succession of democratically elected governments, until the coup of Augusto B. Leguía in 1919. The only interruption of this succession occurred in 1914 when, due to differences between the Civilista Party and Guillermo Billinghurst, General Óscar R. Benavides carries out a coup d'état to call general elections. It is the second longest period of democratic succession in the republican history of Peru.

Nicolás de Piérola
José Nicolás Baltasar Fernández de Piérola y Villena (known as "El Califa" ("The Caliph"); January 5, 1839 – June 23, 1913) was a Peruvian politician and Minister of Finance who served as the 23rd (1879 to 1881) and 31st (1895 to 1899) President of the Republic of Peru.

He founded the Democratic Party in 1889. In 1895, he overthrew the Andrés Avelino Cáceres government. As president, he implemented various political and economic reforms.
Edward Darnley
Edward Darnley (29 January 1859 – 25 June 1927) was an English-born Australian trade union official and politician.

Darnley was a plasterer by trade and from an early age was prominently involved in union administration and activities.  In June 1891 he was amongst the initial group of Labor Party members elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. Darnley represented the electorate of Balmain from 1891 to June 1894, initially as a member of the Labor Electoral League but left the party after refusing to sign a pledge requiring solidarity with caucus decisions.  He later rejoined the Labor Party.

Plasterer
A plasterer is a  tradesperson who works with plaster, such as forming a layer of plaster on an interior wall or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls. The process of creating plasterwork, called plastering, has been used in building construction for centuries.
Lorenzo Colombo (racing driver)
Lorenzo Colombo (born 13 September 2000) is an Italian racing driver who last competed for Prema Orlen Team in the 2022 FIA World Endurance Championship. He previously raced in the 2021 FIA Formula 3 Championship with Campos Racing.

Prema Racing
Prema Racing (sometimes stylised as PREMA Racing), previously known as Prema Powerteam, is an Italian motorsport team, owned and operated through the DC Racing Solutions parent company. Founded in 1983, the team is based in Grisignano di Zocco and currently operates out of Italy and the United States. They are the sister team of Iron Lynx and its own sister team, Iron Dames.

Prema participate in various junior championships and have been a talent pool for several Formula 1 junior programs including: Toyota, Renault, Ferrari, Mercedes, Red Bull, and Williams. Their participation in motorsports is not limited to junior formulae though, as the team made their FIA World Endurance Championship and European Le Mans Series debuts in 2022, marking the beginning of their efforts in the endurance racing. They also started competing in the IndyCar Series during 2025.

As of 2025, Prema are fielding 29 drivers and participate in fourteen championships under various names.
Raheem Wilson
Raheem Wilson (born October 30, 1993) is an American professional football defensive back for the Stuttgart Surge of the European League of Football (ELF). He played college football at Southeastern Oklahoma State. He has also been a member of the Schwäbisch Hall Unicorns, Calgary Stampeders, and Montreal Alouettes.

Southeastern Oklahoma State Savage Storm
The Southeastern Oklahoma State Savage Storm (also Southeastern Savage Storm and SOSU Savage Storm), formerly known as the Savages until 2006, are the athletic teams that represent Southeastern Oklahoma State University, located in Durant, Oklahoma, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Savage Storm compete as members of the Great American Conference for all 10 varsity sports.
George Raper
Commander George Raper (19 September 1769 – 29 September 1796) was a Royal Navy officer and illustrator who as an able seaman joined the crew of HMS Sirius and the First Fleet to establish a colony at Botany Bay. He is best known today for his watercolour sketches of the voyage and settlement, particularly birds and flowers of Sydney Cove.

Commander (Royal Navy)
Commander (Cdr) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom.  It is immediately junior to captain and immediately senior to the rank of lieutenant commander.  Officers holding the junior rank of lieutenant commander are not considered to be commanders.
David Zuberbühler
David Zuberbühler (born 20 February 1979) is a Swiss businessman and politician. He currently serves as a member of the National Council for the Swiss People's Party since 2015. He previously served on the Cantonal Council of Appenzell Ausserrhoden from 2011 to 2016.

National Council (Switzerland)
The National Council (German: Nationalrat; French: Conseil national; Italian: Consiglio nazionale; Romansh: Cussegl naziunal) is a house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, representing the people. The other house, the Council of States, represents the states. As the powers of the houses are the same, it is sometimes called perfect bicameralism. Both houses meet in the Federal Palace of Switzerland in Bern.

The National Council consists of 200 members. Adult citizens elect the council's members, who are called national Councillors, for four year terms. Members are apportioned to the cantons in proportion to their population.
Gabrielino Trail
The Gabrielino Trail is a United States National Recreation Trail that runs through the Angeles National Forest in Los Angeles County, California. Its western trailhead is at Windsor Avenue in Altadena, California, and it runs generally east/west, with its eastern end at Chantry Flat, just north of Arcadia, California. It passes through three major watersheds and has an elevation gain/loss of 3,500 ft (1,100 m).

Altadena, California
Altadena (/ˌɑːltəˈdiːnə/pronunciationⓘAL-tə-DEE-nə) is an unincorporated area, and census-designated place in the San Gabriel Valley and the Verdugos regions of Los Angeles County, California. Directly north of Pasadena, it is located approximately 14 miles (23 km) from Downtown Los Angeles. Its population was 42,846 at the 2020 census, up slightly from a 2010 figure of 42,777. In early 2025, the community was severely impacted by the Eaton Fire.
Ali al-Daher
Ali al-Daher, commonly transliterated ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir or ʿAlī al-Ḍāhir, was one of the sons and a deputy commander of Sheikh Daher al-Umar, the 18th-century tax farmer and strongman of northern Palestine during Ottoman rule. Ali administered Safed and its environs and led several successful military campaigns for his father, but rebelled against him on several occasions, including in collaboration with the mamluk strongman of Egypt, Abu al-Dhahab, in 1774–1775. After Daher's death in August 1775, he assumed leadership of their family, the Zayadina, in its last stand against the Ottoman governor Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar. He was slain in 1776, marking the end of Zaydani power in the Galilee, which they had dominated since the start of the century.

Abu al-Dhahab
Muhammad Abu al-Dhahab (Arabic: محمد أبو الدهب, romanized: muḥammad abū aḏ-ḏahab; 1735–1775), also just called Abu Dhahab (Arabic: أبو الدهب, romanized: abū ḏahab, lit. 'father of gold', a name apparently given to him on account of his generosity and wealth) was a Mamluk emir and regent of Ottoman Egypt.