hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Calder (1821 ship)
Calder was a brig launched in 1821 at Calcutta. A new owner in 1822 sailed her to Australia and she then traded in the Pacific until in 1825 she sailed to Chile and was wrecked at Valparaiso. There a new owner salvaged her and returned her to sailing under the name Indefatigable. On Indefatigable's first voyage the Chilean members of her crew mutinied, killing her captain. The mutineers sailed to Guam where the authorities took Indefatigable in prize. She was later lost in a typhoon in the China Sea.

Prize (law)
In admiralty law, prizes (from the Old French prise, "taken, seized") are equipment, vehicles, vessels, and cargo captured during armed conflict. The most common use of prize in this sense is the capture of an enemy ship and its cargo as a prize of war. In the past, the capturing force would commonly be allotted a share of the worth of the captured prize. Nations often granted letters of marque that would entitle private parties to capture enemy property, usually ships. Once the ship was secured on friendly territory, it would be made the subject of a prize case: an in rem proceeding in which the court determined the status of the condemned property and the manner in which the property was to be disposed of.
Rolf Graf (musician)
Rolf Graf (28 April 1960 – 1 July 2013) was a Norwegian singer, bass guitarist, composer and record producer, and the younger brother of keyboardist Haakon Graf (b. 21 March 1955) and the jazz singer Randi Elisabeth Graf (b. 12 September 1966). He is best known as the bassist in the band Lava, but was also recognized as music producer, musician and songwriter for other artists like Randy Crawford, Mezzoforte and Sissel Kyrkjebø. He also released three solo albums and was editor of the journal Musikkpraksis.

Mezzoforte (band)
Mezzoforte is an instrumental jazz-funk fusion band from Iceland, formed in 1977.

They signed a record deal with Icelandic label Steinar. Their biggest hit single was "Garden Party" (1983), taken from their fourth album (second international release) Surprise Surprise. It peaked at number 17 in the UK Singles Chart. The solo that takes place two minutes into "Garden Party", was created and played on the flugelhorn by English trumpeter, Stephen Dawson. "Garden Party" was later covered by Herb Alpert, at a slower speed than the original, apparently as he had learned the track from the single played at the wrong speed. Another single, "Rockall" spent one week at number 75 in the same listing in June that year, and was used as a signature tune by several European radio chart shows.

The band was named after the traditional musical term mezzo forte, an instruction to play literally "moderately loud".

Saxophonist Kristinn Svavarsson died in January 2026, at the age of 78.
Lost Victories
Verlorene Siege (English: Lost Victories; full title of English edition: Lost Victories: The War Memoirs of Hitler's Most Brilliant General) is the personal narrative of Erich von Manstein, a German field marshal during World War II. The book was first published in West Germany in 1955, then in Spain in 1956. Its English translation was published in 1958 for distribution in the UK and the US.

Many historians have called Verlorene Siege unreliable and apologetic. German historian Volker Berghahn wrote about the book, "Its title gave the story away: it had been Hitler's dogmatism and constant interference with the strategic plans and operational decisions of the professionals that had cost Germany its victory against Stalin".

Volker Berghahn
Volker Rolf Berghahn (born 15 February 1938) is a historian of German and modern European history at Columbia University. His research interests have included the fin de siècle period in Europe, the origins of World War I, and German-American relations. He received a M.A. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1961 and a PhD, under supervision of Francis L. Carsten, from the University of London in 1964. Prior to teaching in the United States, Berghahn worked in the United Kingdom and Germany. In 1988, he accepted a position at Brown University, and moved to Columbia ten years later.

Berghahn now holds the chair of Seth Low Professor of History at Columbia, and is also a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.
1987 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1987 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Duisburg, West Germany for the second time. The West German city hosted the championships previously in 1979.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the 21st championships in canoe sprint.

1979 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships
The 1979 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Duisburg, West Germany.

The men's competition consisted of six Canadian (single paddle, open boat) and nine kayak events. Three events were held for the women, all in kayak.

This was the fifteenth championships in canoe sprint. It was where an incident later referred to as The Česiunas Affair took place when Soviet-born Lithuanian canoer Vladas Česiūnas appeared at the event as a spectator only to vanish. The West German government claimed Česiunas had defected, but the former canoer had returned to the Soviet Union voluntarily several weeks later. During Česiunas' disappearance, he would speak in favor of the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, more than two months before the Soviet–Afghan War, but later returned to the Soviet Embassy in Bonn. The Soviets toned down their rhetoric about Česiunas' "disappearance" in the West and changed his mind all the while West Germany continued to maintain that he had been kidnapped.
Nick Wells
Nick Wells (born February 11, 1951) is a retired heavyweight boxer. He was selected a member of the All-American AAU boxing team for 1973, and was named the top heavyweight amateur boxer in the nation in 1973 by the National AAU Boxing Committee.

Duane Bobick
Duane David Bobick (born August 24, 1950) is an American former boxer. As an amateur, Bobick won the gold medal at the 1971 Pan American Games and fought at the 1972 Olympics. He then turned professional in 1973 and retired in 1979 with a record of 48 wins (42 by knockout) and four losses, all by knockout. He scored notable wins over future heavyweight champion Mike Weaver and contenders Chuck Wepner, Scott LeDoux, Randy Neumann and Manuel Ramos. From 1973 to 1977, he compiled a record of 38–0 with 32 knockouts which made him the number 3 contender in the division before he was defeated by number 1 contender Ken Norton by a TKO in the first round after 58 seconds of fighting.
Mohammad Nazmul Hassan
Mohammad Nazmul Hassan (born 2 February 1967) is the four star admiral of the Bangladesh Navy who is currently serving as the 17th chief of naval staff. Earlier he was assistant chief of naval staff (Operations), (Personnel) and commander, Chattogram naval area. Before that, he was high commissioner of Bangladesh to the Republic of Maldives.

Chief of Naval Staff (Bangladesh)
The Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) (Bengali: নৌবাহিনী প্রধান, romanized: Noubāhinī prôdhān) is the professional head and highest-ranking commissioned officer of the Bangladesh Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff is responsible for the overall command, control, administration, training, and operational readiness of the naval force, and serves as the principal naval adviser to the Government of Bangladesh on matters of maritime security and naval strategy.

The office is held by an officer with the rank of Admiral and is appointed by the President of Bangladesh acting on the advice of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. The Chief of Naval Staff is a member of the Armed Forces Division and plays a key role in safeguarding Bangladesh’s maritime interests, including the protection of territorial waters, exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and international sea lines of communication.
Thagyamin
Thagyamin (Burmese: သိကြားမင်း, pronounced [ðədʑámɪ́ɰ̃]; from Sanskrit ၐကြ, Śakra) is the highest-ranking nat (deity) in traditional Burmese Buddhist belief. Considered as the king of Heaven, he is the Burmese adaptation of the Hindu deity Indra.

Airavata
Airavata (Sanskrit: ऐरावत, romanized: airāvata, lit. 'belonging to Iravati', Pāḷi Erāvana, Sinhala: Airāvana) is a divine elephant. According to sacred Hindu texts, Airavata was born with three heads, six tusks and three trunks. He is pristine white. Some Puranas say Airavata was born with ten tusks, five trunks, and 10 teeth, representing 10 directions. He is the "king of elephants" and serves as the main vehicle for the deity Indra. He is also called 'Abhra-matanga', meaning "elephant of the clouds"; 'Naga-malla', meaning "the fighting elephant"; and 'Arkasodara', meaning "brother of the sun".  'Abhramu' is the elephant wife of Airavata. Airavata is also the third son of Iravati. In the Mahabharata he is listed as a great serpent.
2024 Bangladesh anti-Hindu violence
Following the resignation of Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024, attacks began on Hindus in Bangladesh, with Hindu homes, businesses and places of worship being targeted en masse. The Bangladesh Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity Council reported that from 4 to 20 August, a total of 2,010 incidents (including 69 temples) of attacks on minorities took place across the country within this 16-day period.

Among the incidents, the homes of 157 families were attacked, looted, vandalised and set on fire while some of their businesses were also attacked, looted and vandalised. Five Hindus were killed in these attacks, of which at least two were confirmed as Awami League members. According to a UN Human Rights Office report, these abuses also affected Ahmadiyya Muslims, Hindus, and indigenous people from the Chittagong Hill Tracts.

Chittagong Hill Tracts
The Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bengali: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম, romanized: Pārbôtyô Côṭṭôgrām), often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT, includes the three hilly districts within the Chittagong Division in southeastern Bangladesh, bordering India and Myanmar (Burma) in the east: Khagrachhari, Rangamati, and Bandarban. Covering 13,295 square kilometres (5,133 mi2), CHT is an extensively hilly area and home to a variety of tribal peoples in Bangladesh. The CHT were divided by the British in the 19th century into three tribal chieftaincies, the Chakma Circle, the Mong Circle and the Bohmong Circle. They formed a single district until 1984, when they were divided into three separate districts.
Ritchie McKay
Ritchie Lawrence McKay (born April 22, 1965) is an American basketball coach who is in his second stint as the head coach of the Liberty Flames of Liberty University. McKay for the previous six seasons had been the associate head coach to Tony Bennett for the Virginia Cavaliers at the University of Virginia. He had previously been the head coach of New Mexico, Oregon State, Colorado State, and Portland State.

On April 3, 2009, McKay was hand-selected by Bennett and lured from his head coaching position at Liberty to become associate head coach at Virginia. On April 1, 2015, he returned as head coach of the Liberty Flames. McKay holds the Liberty school record for single-season wins, with his team attaining a record of 30–4 (as of March 9, 2020) in the 2019–20 season after winning the ASUN Conference regular season and tournament championships.

Oregon State Beavers men's basketball
The Oregon State Beavers men's basketball program, established in 1901, is the intercollegiate men's basketball program of Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon. Members of the West Coast Conference in NCAA Division I, the team plays home games on campus at Gill Coliseum, and the current head coach is Wayne Tinkle.

Oregon State has won 14 conference championships and appeared in the NCAA tournament 18 times (three 
(1980–82) were later vacated by the NCAA). The Beavers have advanced to the Final Four twice (1949, 1963), and their most recent tournament appearance was in 2021, when they advanced to the Elite Eight after winning their first tournament games since 1982.

As of the 2023 season the Oregon State men's basketball holds the NCAA record for most games played against a single opponent with 362 games played against the Oregon Ducks men's basketball team and the NCAA record for 2nd most victories against a single opponent with 195 victories against the Ducks.
Nommara 17
Nommara 17 (Sinhala: නොම්මර 17) is a 1989 Sri Lankan Sinhala action thriller film directed by Hemasiri Sellapperuma and produced by Preethiraj Weeraratne for Weeraratne Enterprises. It stars Vijaya Kumaratunga, Sanath Gunathilake and Jeewan Kumaranatunga in lead roles along with Mervyn Jayathunga, Wilson Karunaratne, Sabeetha Perera, Menik Kurukulasooriya and Freddie Silva. The music was composed by Ernest Soysa. It is the 691st film in the Sinhala cinema.

The film was screened after the assassination of lead actor Vijaya Kumaratunga, which influenced the fans to come and watch his famous movie star for the last time on the silver screen. Thus recorded as one of the huge blockbuster hit in Sinhala cinema. It successfully passed 200 days at theatres. In 17th Sarasaviya Awards in 1989 the film won the award for the Most Popular Film with 40,535 votes.

Freddie Silva
Haupe Liyanage Athukorala Morris Joseph Ranabahu, (born 18 May 1938 – died 29 October 2001: Sinhala: ෆෙ‍්‍රඩී සිල්වා), popularly as Freddie Silva, was a Sri Lankan film actor, and playback singer, who appeared from 1963 until 2001. Freddie was known for being one of the most popular Sri Lankan comedians of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. He appeared in over 400 films and Produced 2 films, of which 300 were screened at the celebration of fifty years in Sinhala Cinema.
Hyperfunction
In mathematics, hyperfunctions are generalizations of functions, as a 'jump' from one holomorphic function to another at a boundary, and can be thought of informally as distributions of infinite order. Hyperfunctions were introduced by Mikio Sato in 1958 in Japanese, (1959, 1960 in English), building upon earlier work by Laurent Schwartz, Grothendieck and others.

Upper half-plane
In mathematics, the upper half-plane, ⁠⁠ is the set of points ⁠⁠ in the Cartesian plane with ⁠⁠ The lower half-plane is the set of points ⁠⁠ with ⁠⁠ instead. Arbitrarily oriented half-planes can be obtained via a planar rotation. Half-planes are an example of two-dimensional half-space. A half-plane can be split in two quadrants.
1978 Fiesta Bowl
The 1978 Fiesta Bowl was the eighth edition of the college football bowl game, played at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona on Monday, December 25. Part of the 1978–79 bowl game season, it matched the eighth-ranked Arkansas Razorbacks of the Southwest Conference (SWC), and the #15 UCLA Bruins from the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10). The game ended in a 10–10 tie before 55,227 spectators.

This was the third of four consecutive Fiesta Bowls played on Christmas Day, and was the first without a team from the Western Athletic Conference (WAC), whose champion played in the new Holiday Bowl in San Diego.

1978 Holiday Bowl
The 1978 Holiday Bowl was the inaugural college football bowl game of the Holiday Bowl. It was played on December 22, 1978, at San Diego Stadium in San Diego, California. The game was part of the 1978 NCAA Division I-A football season. It featured the Navy Midshipmen against the BYU Cougars. Navy won 23–16.
1966 Ohio lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1966 Ohio lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1966, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Ohio. Republican incumbent Lieutenant Governor John William Brown defeated his Democratic opponent William L. Coleman in a landslide, winning 60.29% of the vote.

John William Brown
John William Brown (December 28, 1913 – October 29, 1993) was an American Republican politician from Ohio. He briefly served as the 58th governor of Ohio from January 3, 1957, to January 14, 1957, and served as the 51st and 54th lieutenant governor of Ohio.

Brown also served as mayor of Medina, in the Ohio House, and in the Ohio Senate.
X.1035
ITU-T Recommendation X.1035 specifies a password-authenticated key agreement protocol that ensures mutual authentication of two parties by using a Diffie–Hellman key exchange to establish a symmetric cryptographic key. The use of Diffie-Hellman exchange ensures perfect forward secrecy—a property of a key establishment protocol that guarantees that compromise of a session key or long-term private key after a given session does not cause the compromise of any earlier session.

In X.1035, the exchange is protected from the man-in-the-middle attack. The authentication relies on a pre-shared secret (e.g., password), which is protected (i.e., remains unrevealed) to an eavesdropper preventing an off-line dictionary attack.

The protocol can be used in a wide variety of applications including those with pre-shared secrets based on possibly weak passwords.

X.1035 was approved on 13 February 2007 by ITU-T Study Group 17.

ITU-T
The International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three Sectors (branches) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It is responsible for coordinating standards for telecommunications and Information Communication Technology, such as X.509 for cybersecurity, Y.3172 and Y.3173 for machine learning, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC for video compression, between its Member States, Private Sector Members, and Academia Members.

The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), the sector's governing conference, convenes every four years.

ITU-T has a permanent secretariat called the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB), which is based at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. The current director of the TSB is Seizo Onoe (of Japan), whose 4-year term commenced on 1 January 2023. Seizo Onoe succeeded Chaesub Lee of South Korea, who was director from 1 January 2015 until 31 December 2022.
Zula II Survive
Zula II Survive (literally: Beg to survive) is the second album by the Namibian kwaito artist Gazza. The album was more kwaito than his previous release, Tanauka, and until today is considered Gazza's best album. Zula II Survive together with The Dogg's Shimaliw' Osatana and Take Out Yo Gun are considered the first albums to have shaped the Namibian kwaito genre. The album also introduced Sunny Boy to the music industry. "Koko", "KKN" and "Zula II Zula" are the album's biggest hits.

It is the first album to be released on Gazza's own imprint G. M. P. Most of the production on the album was by Elvo.

Tanauka
Tanauka is the first album by the Namibian musician Gazza. It was released by RC-Ghetto in February, 2004. It includes the hit songs "Ghetto Life" and "Shidolodolo" which both include his then best friend and label mate The Dogg. Production of the album was by Elvo. The album contains songs inspired by different genres.
Thaification
Thaification, or Thai-ization, is the process by which people of different cultural and ethnic origins living in Thailand become assimilated to the country's dominant culture: that of central Thailand.

Thaification was a step in the creation in the 20th century of the Thai nation state in which Central Thai people occupy a dominant position, as opposed to the historically-multicultural kingdom of Siam. A related term, "Thainess", describes the particular characteristics that distinguish the Thai from others.

Central Thailand
Central Thailand (also known as Siam, Siam proper or Dvaravati) is one of the regions of Thailand, covering the broad alluvial plain of the Chao Phraya River. Located in the central plains, it is separated from northeast Thailand (Isan) by the Phetchabun mountain range. The Tenasserim Hills separate it from Myanmar to the west. In the north it is bounded by the Phi Pan Nam Range, one of the hilly systems of northern Thailand. The area was the heartland of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (at times referred to as Siam) and is still the dominant area of Thailand since it contains the world's most primate city, Bangkok.
Ferganasaurus
Ferganasaurus (meaning "Fergana Valley lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in the Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan, which dates to the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic. It was formally described in 2003 by Alifanov and Averianov as the type species Ferganasaurus verzilini. It is believed to be similar to Rhoetosaurus.

Rhoetosaurus
Rhoetosaurus (meaning "Rhoetus lizard", after a titan in Greek mythology) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) Walloon Coal Measures of what is now eastern Australia. Rhoetosaurus is estimated to have been about 15 metres (49 ft) long, weighing about 9 tonnes (8.9 long tons; 9.9 short tons). Subsequent authors have sometimes misspelled the name: Rhaetosaurus (de Lapparent & Laverat, 1955); Rheteosaurus (Yadagiri, Prasad & Satsangi, 1979).
Snub cube
In geometry, the snub cube, or snub cuboctahedron, is an Archimedean solid with 38 faces: 6 squares and 32 equilateral triangles. It has 60 edges and 24 vertices. Kepler first named it in Latin as cubus simus in 1619 in his Harmonices Mundi. H. S. M. Coxeter, noting it could be derived equally from the octahedron as the cube, called it snub cuboctahedron, with a vertical extended Schläfli symbol , and representing an alternation of a truncated cuboctahedron, which has Schläfli symbol .

The snub cube, like the snub dodecahedron, is chiral, which means it does not equal its mirror image; it has two equally valid forms.

Vertex (geometry)
In geometry, a vertex (pl.: vertices or vertexes), also called a corner, is a point where two or more curves, lines, or line segments meet or intersect. For example, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the point where edges of polygons and polyhedra meet are vertices.
Quiff (horse)
Quiff (foaled 2 March 2001) is a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Bred and owned by Khalid Abdulla and trained by Michael Stoute, she was lightly campaigned and ran only six times in three seasons. After finishing fifth on her only appearance as a two-year-old she won on her debut at three in 2004 and then appeared unlucky when beaten in the Ribblesdale Stakes. She then recorded her biggest success when winning the Group One Yorkshire Oaks by eleven lengths. On her fourth and final race as a three-year-old she was narrowly beaten in the St Leger Stakes. Her performances led to her being rated the best filly of her generation in the world over staying distances. After running poorly on her only start in 2005 she was retired from racing and has had some success as a broodmare.

Khalid bin Abdullah Al Saud (1937–2021)
Khalid bin Abdullah Al Saud (Arabic: خالد بن عبدالله آل سعود Khalid bin ʿAbdullāh Āl Suʿūd; 1937 – January 2021) was a member of the House of Saud. He had extensive business interests, run through Mawarid Holding, but is probably best known as the owner of Juddmonte Farms. As such, he was one of the leading figures in the world of thoroughbred horseracing and the list of outstanding horses to have competed in his racing colours includes Arrogate, Dancing Brave, Enable, and Frankel.
Arthur Schopenhauer (sculpture)
Arthur Schopenhauer is a sculpture of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer by sculptor Elisabet Ney. Completed in 1859, the piece is a portrait bust rendered in marble. The bust was modeled and carved in Germany, but it is now held by the Elisabet Ney Museum in Austin, Texas, United States.

Elisabet Ney Museum
The Elisabet Ney Museum is a museum located in Austin, Texas, United States.  It is housed in the former studio of sculptor Elisabet Ney and is dedicated to showcasing her life and works. There is a permanent collection of her portrait busts and personal memorabilia on display.