hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Victoria Earle Matthews
Victoria Earle Matthews (née Ella Victoria Smith, May 27, 1861 – March 10, 1907) was an American author, essayist, newspaperwoman, settlement worker, and activist. She was born into slavery in Fort Valley, Georgia, and moved to New York City with her family after emancipation. There, she briefly attended school and worked as a domestic servant to help her family.

As a married woman, Matthews became involved in women's clubs and social work, at a time when the settlement movement started in Great Britain in 1884 and was influencing American social work in major cities. In 1897, Matthews founded the White Rose Industrial Home for Working Class Negro Girls, also known as the White Rose Mission, a settlement house for young Black Women, to provide them with safe housing, education, and life and job skills.

Settlement movement
The settlement movement was a reformist social movement that began in the 1880s and peaked around the 1920s in the United Kingdom and the United States. Its main object was the establishment of settlement houses in poor urban areas, in which volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the poverty of, their low-income neighbors. The settlement houses provided services such as daycare, English classes, and healthcare to improve the lives of the poor in these areas. The settlement movement also spawned educational/reform movements. Both in the United Kingdom and the United States, settlement workers worked to develop a unique activist form of sociology known as Settlement Sociology. This science of the social movement is neglected in the history of sociology in favor of a teaching-, theory- and research university–based model.
Papilio ufipa
Papilio ufipa is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus Papilio that is found in Tanzania. The habitat consists of riparian and montane forests at altitudes from 1,000 to 2,400 meters (3,300 to 7,900 ft).

Papilio desmondi
Papilio desmondi, the Desmond's green-banded swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Africa.

The larvae feed on Vepris eugeniifolia, other Vepris species, Clausena, Zanthoxylum, Calodendrum, and Citrus species.
James Mays (basketball)
James Dixon Mays (born March 8, 1986) is an American-born naturalized Central African former professional basketball player currently working as an assistant coach for the Salt Lake City Stars of the NBA G League. He represented the Central African Republic at the 2011 FIBA Africa Championship.

Salt Lake City Stars
The Salt Lake City Stars are an American minor-league basketball team. They are a member of the NBA G League, based in the Salt Lake City suburb of West Valley City, Utah, and are affiliated with the Utah Jazz. Their home arena is the Maverik Center. Before the 2016–17 season, they were based in Boise, Idaho, and were known as the Idaho Stampede.
Empty Chair Memorial
The Empty Chair Memorial (Japanese: 空席の椅子の記念碑, Kūseki no Isu no Kinenhi) is a memorial located at Capital School Park in downtown Juneau, Alaska, United States. It is dedicated to the 53 Juneau residents of Japanese origin who were forcibly relocated and imprisoned in inland internment camps during World War II, as well as to recognize Juneau citizens for their helpful response when the families returned after the war. It is the first memorial in Alaska regarding the internment of Japanese Americans during the war.

The title of the memorial refers to a student named John Minoru Tanaka, a Juneau High School valedictorian who was relocated a month before his graduation in May 1942. His classmates left an empty chair to recognize him, and, by extension, other local Japanese families, at their graduation ceremonies.

Valedictorian
Valedictorian is an academic title for the highest-performing student of a graduating class of an academic institution in the United States and Canada.

The valedictorian is generally determined by an academic institution's grade point average (GPA) system but other methods of selection may be factored in such as volunteer work, scholastic awards, research, and extra-curricular activity.
Dan Archdeacon
Dan Steven Archdeacon (1954–2015) was an American graph theorist specializing in topological graph theory, who served for many years as a professor of mathematics and statistics at the University of Vermont.

Archdeacon was born on May 11, 1954, in Dayton, Ohio, and grew up in Centerville, Ohio.
He did his undergraduate studies at Earlham College, graduating in 1975.
He completed his Ph.D. in 1980 from Ohio State University, under the supervision of Henry Hatfield Glover, with a dissertation proving an analogue of Kuratowski's theorem for the projective plane. He took a position at the University of Vermont in 1982, joining fellow graph theorist and Ohio State graduate Jeff Dinitz, after previously working as an instructor at the University of Kansas.
He died of cancer on February 18, 2015, in Burlington, Vermont.

In 2003–2004, the University of Vermont named him as University Scholar.
A special issue of the Australasian Journal of Combinatorics was published in his honor in 2017.

Jeff Dinitz
Jeffrey Howard Dinitz (born 1952) is an American mathematician who taught combinatorics at the University of Vermont. He is best known for proposing the Dinitz conjecture, which became a major theorem.
Bar Soloveychik
Bar Soloveychik (Hebrew: בר סולובייצ'יק; born August 15, 2000) is an Israeli swimmer. He holds the Israeli national records in both the 400m freestyle, and the 800m free. At the 2018 European Junior Swimming Championships, he won a gold medal as part of Israel's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay. He attends the University of Minnesota, where he has swum sprint, mid-distance, and distance events, and holds school records in the 200 free and 500 free. He won a gold medal at the 2022 Maccabiah Games in the 400 m freestyle. He competes in freestyle and open water. Soloveychik represented Israel at the 2024 Paris Olympics in the Men's 4×200 metre freestyle relay.

Swimming at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 200-metre freestyle relay
The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held on 30 July 2024 at Paris La Défense Arena, which was converted to a swimming pool for the swimming events.

Great Britain were considered the most likely to win the event, with the US, South Korea, Australia and China also likely to win medals. In the heats (preliminary rounds), all of those teams qualified, while Israel's quartet beat and lowered their country's national record.

In the final, Great Britain and the United States swam closely to each other for most of the race, and Great Britain won gold with a time of 6:59.43. The US finished second with 7:00.78 and Australia finished third with 7:01.98. The quartet's win made them the first British team to win a relay event at consecutive Olympics in swimming or athletics.
Szombathelyi Haladás
Szombathelyi Haladás (Hungarian: [ˈsombɒthɛji ˈhɒlɒdaːʃ]), is a Hungarian football club based in Szombathely. Haladás is the Hungarian word for progress. The club, which was founded in 1919, plays its home games at the Haladás Sportkomplexum which has a capacity of 8,903. The club colours are green and white.

Haladás reached the Hungarian Cup final in the years 1975, 1993 and 2002. Since its first promotion in 1936 the club has spent 51 seasons in the first division of the Hungarian league, the Nemzeti Bajnokság I (NB I).

Szombathely
Szombathely (Hungarian: [ˈsombɒthɛj]; German: Steinamanger [ˌʃtaɪnaˈmaŋɐ] ⓘ; also see names) is the 10th largest city in Hungary. It is the administrative centre of Vas County in the west of the country, located near the border with Austria. Szombathely lies by the streams Perint and Gyöngyös (literally "pearly"), where the Alpokalja (Lower Alps) mountains meet the Little Hungarian Plain. The oldest city in Hungary, Szombathely is known as the birthplace of Saint Martin of Tours.
Philip St. George Cocke
Philip St. George Cocke (April 17, 1809 – December 26, 1861) was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the first year of the American Civil War. He is best known for organizing the defense of Virginia along the Potomac River soon after the state's secession from the Union. He commanded troops in the Battle of Blackburn's Ford and the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas) in July 1861 before becoming despondent and committing suicide.

Battle of Blackburn's Ford
The Battle of Blackburn's Ford (also known as the Skirmish at Blackburn's Ford)  took place on July 18, 1861, in the Confederate state of Virginia, as part of the Manassas campaign of the American Civil War. Union general Irvin McDowell's Army of Northeastern Virginia was marching south towards the Confederate capital of Richmond, and encountered the Confederate Army of the Potomac under the command of P. G. T. Beauregard.  McDowell sent troops from Daniel Tyler's division to probe the Confederate defenses along Bull Run Creek to locate the Confederate left flank. At Blackburn's Ford, the Union troops attempted to cross but Confederate fire broke up the attack. The repulse at Blackburn's Ford led McDowell to seek to attack the Confederates at a different point along their line, leading to the First Battle of Bull Run three days later.
Amazon Bullseye
Amazon Bullseye (Korean: 아마존 활명수; RR: Amajon hwalmyeongsu) is a 2024 South Korean comedy film directed by Kim Chang-ju, starring Ryu Seung-ryong, Jin Seon-kyu, Yeom Hye-ran, and Go Kyung-pyo. The film was released theatrically on October 30, 2024.

Jin Seon-kyu
Jin Seon-kyu (Korean: 진선규; born September 13, 1977) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles on the big screen, such as The Outlaws (2017) and Extreme Job (2019). He won Best Supporting Actor award at the 38th Blue Dragon Film Awards in 2017 for his performance in the film The Outlaws.
Coat of arms of the Drapers Company
The Worshipful Company of Drapers, informally known as the Drapers' Company and formally known as The Master and Wardens and Brethren and Sisters of the Guild or Fraternity of the Blessed Mary the Virgin of the Mystery of Drapers of the City of London, was probably the first corporate body in England to be granted a coat of arms, on 10 March 1438/9 by Sir William Bruges, Garter King of Arms. The patent dated 1439 is the earliest surviving such grant of arms made to a corporate body in England. The arms were modified in 1561, when the crest was added and the lion supporters granted. These grants were superseded in 1613 with minor modifications. The modern blazon is: Azure, three clouds radiated proper each adorned with a triple crown or. The triple crown contains a cap (velvet/fabric lining visible through the gold structure) gules.

The arms is also used by Bancroft's School in London, supported by the Company.

William Bruges
William Bruges (c. 1375 – 9 March 1450) was an English officer of arms. He is best remembered as the first person appointed to the post of  Garter King of Arms, which is currently the highest heraldic office in England.
Ferris State Bulldogs football
The Ferris State Bulldogs football team represents Ferris State University in NCAA Division II college football. The Bulldogs began playing football in 1900, and compete as members of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC). Ferris State's home games are played on campus at Top Taggart Field located in Big Rapids, Michigan.

Ferris State has won four NCAA Division II football championships, in 2021, 2022,  2024 and 2025. The 2018 team also advanced to the NCAA Division II national championship game, losing by two points to Valdosta State. In 13 seasons under head coach Tony Annese (2012–2019, 2021–2025), the Bulldogs have compiled a 153–21 record and have been ranked among the top ten Division II teams every year since 2015.

Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
The Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division II level.

The GLIAC was founded in June 1972. Its eleven member institutions are located in the Midwestern United States in the states of Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin. There are three affiliate members who compete in the GLIAC for sports not sponsored by their home conference.

Sponsorship of football was dropped by the GLIAC after the 1989 season. Conference schools sponsoring football joined with members of the Heartland Football Conference to form the Midwest Intercollegiate Football Conference (MIFC), which began play in 1990. The MIFC merged with the GLIAC in July 1999, and the GLIAC resumed sponsorship of football that fall.
Western Flyer (boat)
The Western Flyer is a fishing boat, most known for its use by John Steinbeck and Ed Ricketts in their 1940 expedition to the Gulf of California, the notes from which culminated in their 1941 book Sea of Cortez, later reworked by Steinbeck into The Log from the Sea of Cortez (1951). According to Kevin Bailey, "the most famous fishing vessel ever to have sailed", the 77-foot (23 m) Western Flyer was restored in Port Townsend, Washington. The Western Flyer Foundation was formed with the goal of educating youth about the intersection of science and literature.

Port Townsend, Washington
Port Townsend /ˈtaʊnzənd/ is a city on the Quimper Peninsula in Jefferson County, Washington, United States. The population was 10,148 at the 2020 United States Census. It is the county seat of, and the only incorporated city in, Jefferson County.

In addition to its natural scenery at the northeast tip of the Olympic Peninsula, the city is known for the many Victorian buildings remaining from its late 19th-century heyday, numerous annual cultural events, and as a maritime center for independent boatbuilders and related industries and crafts. The Port Townsend Historic District is a U.S. National Historic Landmark District. It is also significantly drier than the surrounding region due to being in the rainshadow of the Olympic Mountains, receiving only 19 inches or 480 millimeters of rain per year.
Harald Sverdrup (writer)
Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (29 May 1923 – 26 June 1992) was a Norwegian poet and children's writer. He received several literary prizes, including the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature, the Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment, the Dobloug Prize and the Riksmål Society Literature Prize.

Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature
The Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature (Den norske Kritikerprisen for litteratur or Kritikerprisen) is awarded by the Norwegian Literature Critics' Association (Norsk Litteraturkritikerlag) and has been awarded every year since 1950. The prize is presented to a Norwegian author for a literary work as agreed to among the members of the Norwegian Literature Critics' Association. Since 1978 the Norwegian Literature Critics' Association has also awarded a prize for the best work of children's literature. In 2003 the Critics Prize for the year's best work of translation was established, and in 2012 the Critics Prize for the year's best work of nonfiction for adults was established. For other Norwegian Critics Awards, see Norwegian Theatre Critics Award, which has been awarded every year since 1939 (except 1940–45), the Norwegian Music Critics Award, which has been awarded every year since 1947, and the Norwegian Dance Critics Award, which has been awarded every year since 1977.
The Ninth Guest
The Ninth Guest, sometimes abbreviated as The 9th Guest, is a 1934 American pre-Code horror mystery film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Donald Cook and Genevieve Tobin.

The film is an adaptation of the 1930 Broadway play The Ninth Guest by Owen Davis, which in turn is based on the 1930 novel, The Invisible Host, by Bruce Manning and Gwen Bristow. The book, play and film all predate Agatha Christie's extremely successful 1939 novel And Then There Were None, which has a similar plot.

Owen Davis
Owen Gould Davis (January 29, 1874 – October 14, 1956) was an American dramatist known for writing more than 200 plays and having most produced. In 1919, he became the first elected president of the Dramatists Guild of America. He received the 1923 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play Icebound, His plays and scripts included works for radio and film.

Before the First World War, he wrote racy sketches of New York high jinks and low life for the Police Gazette under the name of Ike Swift. Many of these were set in the Tenderloin, Manhattan. Davis also wrote under several other pseudonyms, including Martin Hurley, Arthur J. Lamb, Walter Lawrence, John Oliver, and Robert Wayne.
1853 Alabama gubernatorial election
The 1853 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on August 1, 1853, in order to elect the governor of Alabama. Democrat John A. Winston won his first term. Henry W. Collier did not run because he was term-limited.

John A. Winston
John Anthony Winston (September 4, 1812 – December 21, 1871) was a planter, military officer, and politician who served from 1853 to 1857 as the 15th governor of Alabama and from 1845 to 1849 as president of the Alabama state senate. Alabama's first native-born governor, Winston later fought for the Confederate States of America as colonel of the 8th Alabama Infantry early in the American Civil War. After the war, he was not permitted to assume a seat in the United States Senate.
1990 ICC Trophy
The 1990 ICC Trophy was a limited-overs cricket tournament held in the Netherlands between 4 and 23 June 1990. It was the fourth ICC Trophy tournament to be staged, and the first to be held outside England. It was also the first ICC Trophy competition to have a title sponsor, being known officially as the Unibind ICC Trophy. As in previous Trophies, matches were played over 60 overs a side and with white clothing and red balls.

Zimbabwe won the competition for the third successive time, beating the Netherlands in the final for the second time, and also winning every game they played in the tournament. The tournament served as the Cricket World Cup qualification process – as winners, Zimbabwe qualified for the 1992 World Cup. In July 1992, Zimbabwe were promoted to Full Member status of the ICC.

Zimbabwe national cricket team
The Zimbabwe men's national cricket team, also known as the Chevrons, represents Zimbabwe in men's international cricket and is overseen by Zimbabwe Cricket. Zimbabwe has been a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1992. As of October 2025, Zimbabwe was ranked 11th by the ICC in all three formats of the game: Tests, One Day Internationals (ODIs) and Twenty20 internationals (T20Is).
Osinsky District, Perm Krai
Osinsky District (Russian: Оси́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Osinsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the krai and borders with Permsky District in the north, Kungursky District in the east, Bardymsky District in the south, Yelovsky District in the southwest, Chastinsky District in the west, and with Okhansky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,057 square kilometers (794 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Osa. Population:  29,513 (2010 Census); 33,666 (2002 Census); 35,267 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Osa accounts for 71.8% of the district's total population.

Yelovsky District
Yelovsky District (Russian: Ело́вский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Yelovsky Municipal District. It is located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is 1,449 square kilometers (559 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yelovo. Population:  10,743 (2010 census); 13,121 (2002 census); 14,127 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Yelovo accounts for 49.7% of the district's total population.
Spooks (1953 film)
Spooks! is a 1953 short subject directed by Jules White starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Shemp Howard). It is the 148th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Shemp Howard
Shemp Howard (born Samuel Horwitz; March 11, 1895 – November 22, 1955) was an American comedian and actor. He is best known as the third Stooge in The Three Stooges, a role he played when the act began in the early 1920s (1923–1932), while it was still associated with Ted Healy and known as "Ted Healy and his Stooges"; and again from 1946 until his death in 1955. During the fourteen years between his times with the Stooges, he had a successful solo career as a film comedian, including a series of shorts by himself and with partners. He reluctantly returned to the Stooges as a favor to his brother Moe and friend Larry Fine to replace his brother Curly as the third Stooge after Curly's illness.
House of Abdus Salam
The House of Abdus Salam (Urdu: عبدالسلام کا گھر) is a Pakistani house located in Jhang. It housed Pakistani Professor Abdus Salam, a theoretical physicist who became the first Muslim and Pakistani to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979.

Jhang
Jhang (Punjabi / Urdu: جھنگ; Punjabi pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃə̀ŋ.gᵊ]; Urdu pronunciation: [d͡ʒʱəŋɡ]) is the capital city of Jhang District in central Punjab, Pakistan. Situated on the east bank of the Chenab River, it is the 14th most populous city in Pakistan.
Mount Vreeland
Mount Vreeland, is a 2,464-metre (8,084 ft) mountain in the Miscinchinka Ranges of the Hart Ranges in the Northern Rocky Mountains.

It was named in 1915 by George V. Copley, surveyor, after Frederick K. Vreeland of New York, who spent three years doing exploration work in the vicinity of the McGregor River and the headwaters of the Parsnip River, 1912, 1913 and 1915. The name does not appear to be related to the Dutch Village of Vreeland.

Mount Vreeland is the highest summit of the Monkman Icefield. Vreeland is on a ridge between the Vreeland Glacier to the northwest and the Parsnip Glacier to the south (the source of the Parsnip River).

Parsnip River
The Parsnip River is a 240-kilometre (150 mi) long river in central British Columbia, Canada.  It flows generally north-westward from the Parsnip Glacier in the Hart Ranges to the Parsnip Reach of Williston Lake, formed by the impounding of the waters of the Peace River by the W.A.C. Bennett Dam in 1968.  Prior to that, the Parsnip joined with the Finlay River to form the Peace at Finlay Forks, with both sharing an alignment along the Rocky Mountain Trench.
Manami Matsumae
Manami Matsumae (松前 真奈美, Matsumae Manami) is a Japanese video game music composer. She previously worked for Capcom in the 1980s, writing music for games such as Dynasty Wars, Mercs, Magic Sword, and the original Mega Man.

Dynasty Wars
Dynasty Wars, released in Japan as Tenchi wo Kurau, is a 1989 beat 'em up video game developed and published by Capcom for arcades. It is based on Hiroshi Motomiya's manga series Tenchi wo Kurau and a reenactment of the battle between the Kingdom of Shu and the Yellow Turban rebels. Each of the two players can assume the roles of one of the four Chinese generals riding on horseback from the Three Kingdoms period in an attempt to smash the rebellion. A sequel, Warriors of Fate, was released in 1992.