hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constructive receipt
For federal income tax purposes, the doctrine of constructive receipt is used to determine when a cash-basis taxpayer has received gross income. Taxpayer are subject to tax in the current year by having unfettered control in determining when items of income will or should be paid. Unlike actual receipt, constructive receipt does not require physical possession of the item of income in question.

Gross income
For households and individuals, gross income is the sum of all wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents, and other forms of earnings, before any deductions or taxes. It is opposed to net income, defined as the gross income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g., mandatory pension contributions).

For a business, gross income (also gross profit, sales profit, or credit sales) is the difference between revenue and the cost of making a product or providing a service, before deducting overheads, payroll, taxation, and interest payments. This is different from operating profit (earnings before interest and taxes). Gross margin is often used interchangeably with gross profit, but the terms are different. When speaking about a monetary amount, it is technically correct to use the term "gross profit", but when referring to a percentage or ratio, it is correct to use "gross margin".
Klaus Halbach
Klaus Halbach (February 3, 1925 – May 11, 2000) was a German-born American applied physicist, engineer and inventor, who was a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is best known for his contributions to magnetic system designs for accelerators and nuclear instrumentation. The Halbach array is named after him.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL, Berkeley Lab) is a federally funded research and development center in the hills of Berkeley, California, United States. Established in 1931 by the University of California (UC), the laboratory is sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and administered by the UC system. Ernest Lawrence, who won the Nobel prize for inventing the cyclotron, founded the lab and served as its director until his death in 1958. Located in the Berkeley Hills, the lab overlooks the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
Clan Kinninmont
Clan Kinninmont is a Scottish clan. The clan does not have a chief recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, therefore the clan has no standing under Scots Law. Clan Kinninmont is considered an armigerous clan, meaning that it is considered to have had at one time a chief who possessed the chiefly arms, however no one at present is in possession of such arms. The original chiefly line died out when an heiress married into another family. The successors of this heiress are the Earls of Minto.

Armigerous clan
An armigerous clan (from armiger) is a Scottish clan, family or name which is registered with the Court of the Lord Lyon and once had a chief who bore undifferenced arms, but does not have a chief currently recognised as such by Lyon Court.

Before 1745, all chiefs had arms; however, not all of these are recorded in the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland, which was established in 1672.
Methylketobemidone
Methylketobemidone is an opioid analgesic that is an analogue of ketobemidone. It was developed in the 1950s during research into analogues of pethidine and was assessed by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime but was not included on the list of drugs under international control, probably because it was not used in medicine or widely available.

Methylketobemidone is so named because it is the methyl ketone analogue of bemidone (hydroxypethidine). The more commonly used ethyl ketone ("ethylketobemidone") is simply called ketobemidone, as it is the only drug of this family to have been marketed.

Presumably methylketobemidone produces similar effects to pethidine, such as analgesia and sedation, along with side effects such as nausea, itching, vomiting and respiratory depression which may be harmful or fatal.

Hydroxypethidine
Hydroxypethidine (Bemidone) is an opioid analgesic that is an analogue of the more commonly used pethidine (meperidine). Hydroxypethidine is slightly more potent than meperidine as an analgesic, 1.5x meperidine in potency, and it also has NMDA antagonist properties like its close relative ketobemidone.

Hydroxypethidine has similar effects to other opioids, and produces analgesia, sedation and euphoria. Side effects can include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression which can be life-threatening.

Hydroxypethidine is under international control under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 and therefore controlled like morphine in most countries; in the United States it is a Schedule I Narcotic controlled substance with an ACSCN of 9627 and a 2014 annual aggregate manufacturing quota of 2 grams. The salt in use is the hydrochloride, with a free base conversion ratio of 0.878.
Fernando Gutiérrez Tello
Fernando Gutiérrez Tello was a Spanish noble in the service of the Kingdom of Castile. He was the archdeacon of the Archdiocese of Seville from 12 April 1304 to 23 April 1323. He is best known for his command over the Castilian forces in Ferdinand IV's campaign against the Emirate of Granada in 1309 in the context of the Spanish Reconquista. Most notably, he commanded Castilian troops in the Siege of Gibraltar along with Juan Núñez II de Lara, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán and Garci López de Padilla, the Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava. Together, the group took control of the city of Gibraltar from the Moors on 12 September 1309. Gutiérrez Tello was also part of the less successful siege on Algeciras of that same year.

The city was retaken by the Moors in 1333.

Garci López de Padilla
Garci López de Padilla was a Spanish noble of the House of Padilla.  He was the fifteenth Grand Master of the Order of Calatrava from 1296 to 1322.  He is best known for his command of the Castilian forces at the Siege of Gibraltar and his participation in the greater campaign against the Kingdom of Granada undertaken by Ferdinand IV of Castile in 1309.

The Siege of Gibraltar became one of the only successful achievements in the entire campaign undertaken by Ferdinand IV as the other main objective of taking the city of Algeciras turned into a quagmire and the king was obliged to lift the siege.
Alfred I. du Pont
Alfred Irénée du Pont (May 12, 1864 – April 28, 1935) was an American industrialist, financier, philanthropist and a member of the influential Du Pont family.

Alfred du Pont first rose to prominence through his work in his family's Delaware-based gunpowder manufacturing plant, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (now known as DuPont), in which for many years he served as a director of the board and Vice President of operations.

Following an acrimonious departure and a brief dip in personal fortunes, he embarked on business of his own, investing in land and banking in Florida. He died a multimillionaire, with the bulk of his fortune sustaining the Alfred I. duPont Testamentary Trust.

Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours (/djuːˈpɒnt, ˈdjuːpɒnt/ dew-PONT, DEW-pont, French: [pjɛʁ samɥɛl dy pɔ̃ d(ə) nəmuʁ]; 14 December 1739 – 7 August 1817) was a French-American writer, economist, publisher and government official.  During the French Revolution, he, his two sons and their families migrated to the United States.

His son Éleuthère Irénée du Pont was the founder of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. He was the patriarch and progenitor of one of the United States's most successful and wealthiest business dynasties of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Corbin McPherson
Corbin McPherson (born September 7, 1988) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman. He played his entire professional career with the Albany Devils of the American Hockey League (AHL). McPherson was selected by the New Jersey Devils in the third round, 87th overall, of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.

Albany Devils
The Albany Devils were a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League (AHL). The top affiliate of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL), they played their home games at the Times Union Center in Albany, New York.

The franchise started in 1998 as the expansion Lowell Lock Monsters and played their home games in Lowell, Massachusetts.  In 2006, the Devils purchased the Lock Monsters and rebranded the franchise as the Lowell Devils for the 2006–07 AHL season.  Citing low attendance, the franchise was moved to Albany in 2010 and began play as the Albany Devils.  This would mark the second time the New Jersey Devils have been affiliated with an AHL team in Albany; from 1993 to 2006, the Devils used the Albany River Rats as their top minor league team.

Ahead of the 2017–18 AHL season, the Devils moved to Binghamton, New York, and became the Binghamton Devils.
Debbie Linden
Debbie Linden (22 February 1961 – 6 October 1997) was a Scottish-born glamour model and actress best known for her role as old Mr Grace's secretary in the sitcom Are You Being Served? (1981). Born in Glasgow, she played roles in various other TV series, such as The Professionals, Just Good Friends, Bergerac, and The Bill; she appeared in several feature films, among them Home Before Midnight and The Wildcats of St Trinian's.

Linden was plagued with a drug problem for years. On the night of 5 October 1997, she died of a heroin overdose at home at the age of 36. Her boyfriend, Russell Ainsworth, was acquitted of manslaughter charges but sentenced to two-and-a-half years imprisonment for supplying the drug.

Bergerac (TV series)
Bergerac (/ˈbɜːʒəræk/ BUR-zhə-rak) is a British crime drama television series. Produced by the BBC in association with the Australian Seven Network, and first screened on BBC1, it ran from 18 October 1981 to 26 December 1991. Set in Jersey, it stars John Nettles as the title character Jim Bergerac. He is initially a detective sergeant in Le Bureau des Étrangers ("The Foreigners' Office", a fictional department dealing with non-Jersey residents), within the States of Jersey Police, but later leaves the force and becomes a private investigator.

Westward Studios' Bergerac reboot launched on U&Drama in February 2025.
Nicolae Șerban Tanașoca
Nicolae Șerban Tanașoca (3 October 1941 – 7 April 2017; Aromanian: Nicolae Sherban Tanashoca) was a Romanian historian and philologist. An ethnic Aromanian, he specialized in the study of classical philology, Byzantine and Ottoman studies and cultures of the Balkans, including the Aromanians.

Byzantine studies
Byzantine studies is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, demography, dress, religion/theology, art, literature/epigraphy, music, science, economy, coinage and politics of the Eastern Roman Empire. The German Humanist, Hieronymus Wolf is often credited with applying the name "Byzantine" to describe the Eastern Roman Empire first, which continued after the Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 AD. About 100 years after the final conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans, Wolf began to collect, edit, and translate the writings of Byzantine philosophers. Other 16th-century humanists introduced Byzantine studies to Holland and Italy. The subject may also be called Byzantinology or Byzantology, although these terms are usually found in English translations of original non-English sources. A scholar of Byzantine studies is called a Byzantinist.
Matteo Santoro
Matteo Santoro (born 9 October 2006) is an Italian diver. At the 2022 World Aquatics Championships, he won a silver medal in the 3 metre mixed synchronised springboard. At the LEN European Aquatics Championships, he won a gold medal in the 3 metre mixed synchronised springboard in 2021 at 14 years of age and a bronze medal in the same event in 2022 at 15 years of age. He is a five-time World Junior Championships gold medalist and a four-time European Junior Championships gold medalist.

2022 World Aquatics Championships
The 2022 World Aquatics Championships, the 19th edition of the FINA World Aquatics Championships, were held in Budapest, Hungary, from 17 June to 3 July 2022. These championships included five disciplines, with high diving not staged for this edition of the championships.
1996–1997 Bulgarian protests
The 1996–1997 Bulgarian protests or the Videnov winter, also known as the Bulgarian winter or the January events was a wave of violent demonstrations and strikes nationwide in Bulgaria for a month from December 1996 to January 1997, fuelled by devaluation and economic turmoil, which saw inflation rise to 300%. Countrywide and weekly demonstrations continued demanding the resignation of the BSP government of Zhan Videnov. Nationwide strikes escalated into violence as protesters even stormed government buildings. On 21 January, Zhan Videnov resigned despite further social unrest and widespread protests throughout Sofia and long acts of protest nationwide.

Bulgarian Socialist Party
The Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), also known as The Centenarian, is a centre-left, social democratic political party in Bulgaria. The BSP is a member of the Socialist International, Party of European Socialists, and Progressive Alliance. Although founded in 1990 in its modern form, it traces its political heritage back to the founding of the BRSDP in 1891. It is also Bulgaria's largest party by membership numbers.
Tiroler MuseumsBahnen
The Tyrolean Museum Railways or Tiroler MuseumsBahnen (TMB) is a railway society in Austria whose aim is the preservation and/or documentation of the historically important branch lines (known as Localbahnen) and their rolling stock in the state of Tyrol.

The Tyrolean Museum Railways have three main spheres of operation:

The Tyrolean Localbahn Museum (Tiroler Localbahnmuseum) in Innsbruck

A collection of rolling stock that includes some of the most valuable, historic vehicles from the Tyrolean branch lines

A club whose members voluntarily run the Localbahn Museum, restore and renovate historic vehicles and restaurieren operate special trips using working trains.

Bavarian branch lines
Bavarian branch lines comprised nearly half the total railway network in Bavaria, a state in the southeastern Germany that was a kingdom in the days of the German Empire. The construction era for branch lines lasted from 1872, when the first route, from Siegelsdorf to Langenzenn, was opened, to 1930, when the last section of the branch from Gößweinstein to Behringersmühle went operational.
John Challens
Wallace John Challens, CBE (14 May 1915 – 1 March 2002) was a British scientist and civil servant. A graduate of University College, Nottingham, he began working at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich in 1936. In 1939, he was transferred to the rocket department. After the defeat of Germany, he was sent to the United States as part of the British Scientific Mission to work on the V-1 flying bomb and the V-2 rocket. On returning to the United Kingdom in 1947, he was recruited by William Penney for the British atomic bomb project. He led the team that developed the firing circuits for the bomb used in Operation Hurricane, the first British nuclear test. He later developed a neutron generator. He took part in most British nuclear tests at Maralinga and was the scientific director of the Operation Grapple tests in 1957. He subsequently became the AWRE's Assistant Director in 1965, Deputy Director in 1972, and Director from 1976 until his retirement in 1978.

Woolwich
Woolwich (/ˈwʊlɪtʃ, -ɪdʒ/) is a market town in southeast London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

The district's location on the River Thames led to its status as an important naval, military and industrial area; a role that was maintained throughout the 16th to 20th centuries. After several decades of economic hardship and social deprivation, the area now has several large-scale urban renewal projects.
Anke Van Gestel
Anke Van Gestel (born 19 August 1993) is a Belgian kickboxer, who has been professionally competing since 2010. She is the current ISKA World Super Lightweight K1 and Light Welterweight Oriental Rules champion, and the former Enfusion 61 and 64 kg Champion.

In June 2020, Combat Press ranked her as #8 female fighter in the world.

ISKA (sports governing body)
The ISKA (originally International Sport Karate Association, later also called the International Sport Kickboxing Association) is  international bodies regulating sport karate and kickboxing matches.
It is based in the United States. It was established in 1985 as a response to legal and revenue issues that sent the Professional Karate Association (PKA) into decline.
Trilokpuri Assembly constituency
Trilokpuri is one of the seventy Delhi Legislative Assembly constituencies of Delhi in northern India. It is a part of the East Delhi Lok Sabha constituency.
Trilokpuri is a resettlement colony of residents which were rehabilitated here when nearby slums were cleared out in 1975–76.

Delhi Legislative Assembly
The Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi is the unicameral legislature of the union territory of Delhi in India. Delhi Legislative Assembly is the legislative arm of the Government of Delhi. At present, it consists of 70 members, directly elected from 70 constituencies. The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner.

The seat of assembly is the Old Secretariat building, which is also the seat of the Government of Delhi.
Go-Go Gent Roller Derby
GO-GO Gent Roller Derby is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Ghent, Belgium. Founded in 2009, the league currently consists of an All-star travel team and a B-team which compete against teams from other leagues. GO-GO Gent is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

Women's Flat Track Derby Association
The Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) is the international governing body for the sport of women's flat track roller derby. It sets the international standards for rankings, rules, and competition in the sport, and provides guidance and resources to aid development of roller derby.

The organization was founded in April 2004 as the United Leagues Coalition (ULC), but was renamed in November 2005. It is registered in Raleigh, North Carolina as a 501(c)(6) Business League organization, a type of nonprofit organization.
Paul McGettigan
Paul McGettigan (born 1957/8) is a former Gaelic footballer, manager and barrister. He played inter-county football for Donegal and Galway. His club career included time with Donegal club St Eunan's and Galway clubs Salthill, St Grellan's and Corofin. He played in midfield.

St Grellan's GFC
St Grellan's Gaelic Football Club (Irish: Cumann Peile Ghrealláin Naofa) was a Gaelic Athletic Association club based in Ballinasloe, County Galway, Ireland.

The team was named in honour of Saint Grellan, patron saint of Ballinasloe.

St Grellan's GFC were the first club to win a record seven Galway county football titles in a row from 1913 to 1919 and were undefeated in the county championship from 1913 to 1930. In 1980, they were also the first Galway Club to reach an All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship in 1980.

On 1 December 2005, St Grellan's merged with Ballinasloe Hurling Club to form Ballinasloe GAA.
Search and Destroy (1995 film)
Search and Destroy is a 1995 drama film based on a stage play by Howard Korder and directed by David Salle.  The film stars Griffin Dunne, repeating his role from the stage production, Rosanna Arquette, Illeana Douglas, Ethan Hawke, Dennis Hopper, John Turturro and Christopher Walken, and features Martin Scorsese as "The Accountant." Salle was nominated for the Grand Special Prize at the Deauville American Film Festival.

Rosanna Arquette
Rosanna Lisa Arquette (/roʊˈzɑːnə ɑːrˈkɛt/ roh-ZAH-nə ar-KET; born August 10, 1959) is an American actress. She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her performance in the television film The Executioner's Song (1982) and won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the film Desperately Seeking Susan (1985). Her other notable film credits include Baby It's You (1983), After Hours (1985), The Big Blue (1988), Nowhere to Run (1993), Pulp Fiction (1994), Crash (1996), The Whole Nine Yards (2000), and Joe Dirt (2001 film). She also directed the documentary Searching for Debra Winger (2002).
Stella Cottrell
Stella Cottrell was formerly Director for Lifelong Learning at the University of Leeds and Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Learning, Teaching and Student Engagement at the University of East London, UK. She supports students from diverse backgrounds, such as those with dyslexia and mature, international and disabled students.

Her publications for staff and students have sold more than a million copies worldwide. First published in 1999, The Study Skills Handbook is now in its 6th edition. Stella has authored a number of study skills guides as part of the Macmillan Study Skills series including Critical Thinking Skills, Skills for Success and The Macmillan Student Planner (previously published as The Palgrave Student Planner).

In the June 2011 edition of Education Bookseller, Victor Glynn characterised Cottrell's books as "concise, clearly laid out and covering a wide range of subjects."

University of East London
The University of East London (UEL) is a public university located in the London Borough of Newham, London, England, based at three campuses in Stratford and Docklands, following the opening of University Square Stratford in September 2013. The University of East London began as the West Ham Technical Institute and it was officially opened in October 1898 after approval was given for the construction of the site by the West Ham Technical Instruction Act Committee in 1892 following the Technical Instruction Act of 1889. It gained university status in 1992. It was formerly known as College of East London.

The community is made up of over 40,000 students from over 160 countries studying at the University of East London and collaborative partners.
Bob Brannen
Bob Brannen (July 27, 1927 – December 13, 1990) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 56th district of the Florida House of Representatives. He also served as a member for the 28th district of the Florida Senate.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
Bagossy Brothers Company
Bagossy Brothers Company is a Hungarian (Székely) pop rock, alternative rock, folk rock, and indie folk band, founded in 2013 in Gyergyószentmiklós (Romanian: Gheorgheni), Harghita County, Transylvania, Romania.

Gheorgheni
Gheorgheni (Romanian pronunciation: [ɡe̯orˈɡenʲ]; Hungarian: Gyergyószentmiklós Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɟɛrɟoːsɛntmikloːʃ] ⓘ) is a city in Harghita County, Romania, with a population of 15,844, as of 2021. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The city administers four villages: Covacipeter (Kovácspéter), Lacu Roșu (Gyilkostó), Vargatac (Vargatag), and Visafolio (Visszafolyó).