hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Economy of Romania
Romania has a high-income market economy that has achieved rapid convergence toward European Union standards since joining in 2007, with per capita income rising from 26% of the EU average in 2000 to 78% by 2024, driven by foreign direct investment in manufacturing and services amid post-communist reforms.

Romania's nominal GDP reached approximately $423 billion in 2024, reflecting real growth of 0.9% that year after 2.1% in 2023, propelled by sectors such as automotive industry, information technology outsourcing, and agriculture, though constrained by weak private investment and a widening trade deficit.

Key achievements include sustained employment expansion and innovation in high-value industries, yet defining challenges persist, including high fiscal deficits projected at 8.6% of GDP in 2025, corruption hindering institutional efficiency, and significant labor emigration exacerbating skills shortages and demographic pressures.

Foreign direct investment
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an ownership stake in a company, made by a foreign investor, company, or government from another country. More specifically, it describes a controlling ownership of an asset in one country by an entity based in another country. The magnitude and extent of control, therefore, distinguishes it from a foreign portfolio investment or foreign indirect investment. Foreign direct investment includes expanding operations or purchasing a company in the target country.
Wagon Trail
Wagon Trail is a 1935 American western film directed by Harry L. Fraser and starring Harry Carey, Gertrude Messinger and Edward Norris. It was produced as an independent second feature in Hollywood's Poverty Row. It was re-released by Astor Pictures in 1948.

Gertrude Messinger
Gertrude Dolores Messinger (April 28, 1911 – November 8, 1995) was an American film actress known for her B-movie roles from the 1930s through the 1950s. She began as a child actor in silent films, but found her greatest fame in talkies of the 1930s. During her career she appeared in more than 50 motion pictures, with particular success in westerns.
Glutamyl endopeptidase I
Glutamyl endopeptidase I is a family of extracellular bacterial serine proteases. The proteases within this family have been identified in species of Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Streptomyces, among others. The two former are more closely related, while the Streptomyces-type is treated as a separate family, glutamyl endopeptidase II.

Serine protease
Serine proteases (or serine endopeptidases) are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins.  Serine serves as the nucleophilic amino acid at the (enzyme's) active site. 
They are found ubiquitously in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Serine proteases fall into two broad categories based on their structure: chymotrypsin-like (trypsin-like) or subtilisin-like.
Campaigning in the 2025 Singaporean general election
The campaign period of the 2025 Singaporean general election lasted from 23 April to 1 May, with eleven political parties participating in the election, alongside two independent candidates. Ahead of the election, analysts and commentators indicated that rising cost-of-living, employment, and housing affordability were among voters' top concerns. Several constituencies, including East Coast, Marine Parade, Sengkang, and West Coast, were named as potential electoral "hotspots", with social media and podcasts also predicted to play a larger role in the campaign period. This election was the People's Action Party's (PAP) first under prime minister Lawrence Wong's leadership. The election saw similar issues of cost-of-living, employment, housing, and governance amid global economic uncertainty being addressed by political parties during their campaigns.

Prime Minister of Singapore
The prime minister of Singapore is the head of government of Singapore. The president appoints the prime minister on the advice and consent of the Cabinet of Singapore. The incumbent prime minister is Lawrence Wong, an MP for Marsiling–Yew Tee Group Representation Constituency from the governing People's Action Party, who took office on 15 May 2024.

Singapore is modelled after the Westminster system. The prime minister only governs with the confidence of the majority in Parliament; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a member of Parliament (MP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. In practice, the prime minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.
Håkan Ericson
Håkan Georg Ericson (born 29 May 1960) is a Swedish football manager and the former manager of the Faroe Islands national team. During his playing career, he played for Åby IF, FK Kick and IK Sleipner. He is son of former Sweden national team coach Georg Ericson.

Georg Ericson
Georg "Åby" Ericson (18 December 1919 – 4 January 2002), also nicknamed Jojje, was a Swedish football player and coach. During his playing career as a midfielder he played for IFK Norrköping in the 1940s. He also featured once for the Sweden B team in 1949. Later he became the coach of his old club. He was the third national manager of the Sweden national team. He began this employment in 1970, soon after the World Cup 1970 in Mexico, replacing Orvar Bergmark. He stayed in office until 1979 when he was succeeded by Lars "Laban" Arnesson. During his time as Swedish national manager he led Sweden to two World Cups: 1974 in Germany and 1978 in Argentina.
Roman circus of Mérida
The Roman circus of Mérida is a Roman circus in the Roman colonia of Emerita Augusta –present-day Mérida, Spain–, capital of the Roman province of Lusitania. Used for chariot racing during ancient Rome, it was modelled on the Circus Maximus in Rome and other circus buildings throughout the Empire. Measuring more than 400 m (1,300 ft) in length and 30 m (98 ft) width, it could house up to 30,000 spectators. Although currently in ruins, it is one of the best preserved examples of Roman circus.

It is part of the Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida, which is one of the largest and most extensive archaeological sites in Spain and that was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1993.

Circus Maximus
The Circus Maximus (Latin for "largest circus"; Italian: Circo Massimo) is an ancient Roman chariot-racing stadium and mass entertainment venue in Rome, Italy. In the valley between the Aventine and Palatine hills, it was the first and largest stadium in ancient Rome and its later Empire. It measured 621 m (2,037 ft) in length and 118 m (387 ft) in width and could accommodate over 150,000 spectators. In its fully developed form, it became the model for circuses throughout the Roman Empire. The site is now a public park.
Taiba
Taiba (foaled April 13, 2019) is a retired American Thoroughbred racehorse who has won multiple Grade I events as a three-year-old in 2022 including the Santa Anita Derby and Malibu Stakes at Santa Anita Park and Pennsylvania Derby at Parx Racing.

Malibu Stakes
The Malibu Stakes is a race for three-year-old thoroughbred horses of either gender held each December at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. The race is at a distance of seven furlongs and is the first leg of Santa Anita Park's Strub Series.

A Grade I event currently with a $300,000 purse, it has attracted some of America's best horses following the Breeders' Cup.

Inaugurated in 1952 as the Malibu Sequet Stakes, its name was changed to the present style in 1958.

There was a Malibu Stakes run in January and December of the same year in 1955, 1960, 1966, and 1984. It was run in two divisions in 1972, 1975, 1977, 1981, and 1984.

There was no race in 1959, 1964, 1967, 1970.
Hugh MacKenzie
Hugh Alexander MacKenzie (7 August 1882 – 8 January 1970) was a member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Warwick, Ontario and became a farmer.

He was first elected as a Liberal party candidate at the Lambton—Kent riding in the 1935 general election then re-elected as a Liberal-Progressive candidate in 1940. Returning to the Liberal party, MacKenzie was defeated at Lambton—Kent for one term by Robert James Henderson of the Progressive Conservative party in the 1945 election. MacKenzie unseated Henderson in the next election in 1949 then was re-elected in 1953. After his final federal term in office, the 22nd Canadian Parliament, MacKenzie was defeated by Ernest Campbell in the 1957 election.

Ernest Campbell
Ernest John Campbell (23 September 1903 – 13 July 1993) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Chatham Township, Ontario, he was a farmer by career.

He was first elected at the Lambton—Kent riding in the 1957 general election and re-elected there in the 1958 election. He was defeated by John Burgess of the Liberal party in the 1962 election.
Helothermine
Helothermine (or HLTx) is a toxin from the venom of the Mexican beaded lizard, Heloderma horridum horridum. Helothermine inhibits ryanodine receptors, calcium channels and potassium channels. Helothermine can cause lethargy, partial paralysis of rear limbs and lowering of the body temperature.

Calcium channel
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, which are a type of calcium channel regulated by changes in membrane potential. Some calcium channels are regulated by the binding of a ligand. Other calcium channels can also be regulated by both voltage and ligands to provide precise control over ion flow. Some cation channels allow calcium as well as other cations to pass through the membrane.

Calcium channels can participate in the creation of action potentials across cell membranes. Calcium channels can also be used to release calcium ions as second messengers within the cell, affecting downstream signaling pathways.
Mathilde Froustey
Mathilde Froustey (born June 8, 1985, in Bordeaux, France) is a French ballet dancer.

She is a principal dancer at San Francisco Ballet. Mathilde Froustey was a "Sujet" soloist of the Paris Opera Ballet until 2013.

Principal dancer
A principal dancer (often shortened to principal) is a dancer at the highest rank within a professional dance company, particularly a ballet company. A principal may be of any gender and is usually the star of the ballet. The term is used mostly in ballet but can be used in other forms as well, such as modern dance. The term senior principal dancer is sometimes used as well.

The position is similar to that of soloist; however, principals regularly perform not only solos, but also pas de deux as well as headlining performances they participate in. Principal dancers can be hired into a dance company or can also be a company dancer that is a corps de ballet dancer that gets promoted from within the company. That process can take multiple performance seasons or even years to achieve based on skill level and company interest.
Ha! Ha! River (Gros-Mécatina)
The Ha! Ha! River (from ha-ha, unexpected obstacle on a road) constitutes the outlet of the Plamondon Lake reservoir, flowing in the municipalities of Côte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent and Gros-Mécatina, in the Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in Quebec, in Canada.

A carriage road connecting route 138 goes north from Saint Lawrence estuary shore to the dam at the head of the Ha! Ha! River. The economy of the sector is mainly dependent on hydroelectricity thanks to this dam.

The surface of the Ha! Ha! River is usually frozen from the beginning of November to the beginning of May, however the safe circulation on the ice is generally done from the end of November to the end of April.

Estuary of St. Lawrence
The St. Lawrence River Estuary is an estuary at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. It stretches 655 km from west to east, from the outlet of Lake Saint Pierre to Pointe-des-Monts, where it becomes the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in Quebec, Canada.

The estuary is divided into 3 parts: the fluvial estuary, the middle estuary and the maritime estuary.  The waters coming from the north shore of the St. Lawrence and Labrador come mainly from the Canadian Shield.

Among the deepest and largest estuaries in the world, the St. Lawrence maritime estuary extends nearly 250 km before it widens at Pointe-des-Monts into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This enclosed sea is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by Cabot Strait and the Strait of Belle-Isle.
Edward Hamilton (British Army officer)
Major-General Sir Edward Owen Fisher Hamilton KCB (17 February 1854 – 30 March 1944) was an officer of the British Army during the late 19th century. Originally a junior officer in the Queen's Royal Regiment, he oversaw signalling in the Indian Army during the late nineteenth century, before commanding a battalion and then a brigade in the South African War. He was later the commanding officer for Army forces in West Africa and Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey before retiring in 1914; on the outbreak of the First World War, he briefly returned from retirement to command a division in the New Armies.

Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey
The lieutenant governor of Guernsey is the representative of the British monarch in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a Crown dependency of the British Crown. The role of the lieutenant governor is to act as the de facto head of state in Guernsey and as liaison between the governments of Guernsey and the United Kingdom. The holder of this office is also ex officio a member of the States of Guernsey but may not vote and, by convention, speaks in the Chamber only on appointment and on departure from post. The duties are primarily diplomatic and ceremonial. He has the authority to appoint two members of the board of governors of Elizabeth College and the Priaulx Library.

The lieutenant governor has his own flag in Guernsey, the Union Flag defaced with the Bailiwick's coat of arms.
Lee Richardson (actor)
Lee Richardson (September 11, 1926 – October 2, 1999) was an American stage and screen actor. He acted in numerous Broadway and Off-Broadway productions and was a prolific player in regional theatres, co-founding Minneapolis' Guthrie Theater in 1963. On-screen, he often worked with director Sidney Lumet, appearing in several of his films between 1976 and 1992. He was nominated for a Tony Award in 1972, for his role in Robert Bolt's Vivat! Vivat Regina!.

Guthrie Theater
The Guthrie Theater, founded in 1963, is a center for theater performance, production, education, and professional training in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The concept of the theater was born in 1959 in a series of discussions among Sir Tyrone Guthrie, Oliver Rea and Peter Zeisler.  Disenchanted with Broadway, they intended to form a theater with a resident acting company, to perform classic plays in rotating repertory, while maintaining the highest professional standards.

The Guthrie Theater has performed in two main-stage facilities. The first building was designed by Ralph Rapson, included a 1,441-seat thrust stage designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch, and was operated from 1963 to 2006. After closing its 2005–2006 season, the theater moved to its current facility designed by Jean Nouvel.

In 1982, the theater won the Regional Theatre Tony Award.
Joe Sharp (rugby league)
Evley Joseph Sharp  (16 April 1906 – 31 July 2006) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s.

Sharp played 32 first-grade games (including trial matches) for St. George during four seasons from 1929 to 1932. Former Club secretary and NSWRFL Vice President Clarrie Fahy recruited him after spotting the rangy forward running around for a railways side at Katoomba in the Blue Mountains in 1928.

"They were all good moments," Mr Sharp recalled of his years with the Saints. "St George was a great club. 'Snowy' Justice was the captain at the time. He was the hooker – I liked him and I got on well with him.".

After 4 seasons at Saints, Joe Sharp joined Canterbury-Bankstown in 1935 due to residential rules of the time.

Sharp died on 31 July 2006 aged 100 at East Gosford, New South Wales.

Arthur Justice
Arthur James "Snowy" Justice (1902–1977) was an Australian rugby league footballer, coach and administrator. He was a rugged hooker for the St George Dragons who made state and national representative appearances in the late 1920s. Later he was a club administrator, national selector and league judiciary chairman.
Cleveland Street, London
Cleveland Street in central London runs north to south from Euston Road (A501) to the junction of Mortimer Street and Goodge Street. It lies within  Fitzrovia, in the W1 post code area.  Cleveland Street also runs along part of the border between Bloomsbury (ward) which is located in London Borough of Camden, and West End (ward) in the City of Westminster.  In the 17th century, the way was known as the Green Lane, when the area was still rural, or Wrastling Lane, after a nearby amphitheatre for boxing and wrestling.

London Borough of Camden
The London Borough of Camden (/ˈkæmdən/ ⓘ) is a borough in Inner London, England. Camden Town Hall, on Euston Road, lies 1.4 mi (2.3 km) north of Charing Cross. The borough was established on 1 April 1965 from the former metropolitan boroughs of Holborn,  St Pancras and Hampstead.

To the south it shares with the City of Westminster parts of the West End, where it also borders the City of London. The cultural and commercial land uses in the south contrast with the bustling mixed-use districts such as Camden Town and Kentish Town in the centre and leafy residential areas around Hampstead Heath in the north. Well known attractions include The British Museum, The British Library, the famous views from Parliament Hill, the London Zoo, the BT Tower, the converted Roundhouse entertainment venue, and Camden Market. As of 2021 it has a population of 210,136. Politically, its local authority is Camden London Borough Council.
Chaar Kadam
"Chaar Kadam" (transl. Four steps) is a Hindi song from the 2014 Hindi film, PK. Composed by Shantanu Moitra, the song is sung by Shaan and Shreya Ghoshal, with lyrics penned by Swanand Kirkire. The music video of the track features actors Sushant Singh Rajput and Anushka Sharma. The music is inspired from Ian Hughes - Valse Parisienne. The music is also inspired by Tchaikovsky - Waltz from Sleeping Beauty Op. 66.

Swanand Kirkire
Swanand Kirkire (born 29 April 1969) is an Indian lyricist, playback singer, writer, assistant director, actor and dialogue writer, who works in Marathi and Hindi film and television.

Kirkire won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics twice: first in 2006 for the song "Bande Me Tha Dum...Vande Mataram" from the film Lage Raho Munna Bhai, and then in 2009, for the song "Behti Hawa Sa Tha Woh" from the film 3 Idiots. He received Filmfare Award nomination for Best Lyrics for the song "Piyu Bole" in Parineeta (2005). In 2018, at the 66th National Film Awards he won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for the Marathi film Chumbak. He made a cameo appearance as Sansad ji in Panchayat 3 and as Mansoor Khan Sahab in  Qala to whose soundtrack he also contributed as a lyricist and singer.
2011–12 UAE President's Cup
The 2011–12 UAE President's Cup is the 36th season of the UAE President's Cup, the premier knockout tournament for association football clubs in the United Arab Emirates.

The tournament was changed from previous editions and featured all 12 clubs from the Pro League, and the top four teams of the Federation Cup. The winners will qualify for the group stage of the 2013 AFC Champions League.

2013 AFC Champions League
The 2013 AFC Champions League was the 32nd edition of the top-level Asian club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 11th under the current AFC Champions League title. The defending champions, Ulsan Hyundai, failed to qualify for the tournament.

In the final, Chinese team Guangzhou Evergrande defeated South Korean team FC Seoul on away goals to win their first title, becoming the first Chinese team to win the AFC Champions League (and the second Chinese team to be crowned Asian club champions after Liaoning FC and Third Final of a Chinese team after Dalian Shide lost to Pohang Steelers in the final of the 1997–98 Asian Club Championship), and qualified for the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup.
Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth
Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth (1640 – 28 July 1714) was an English politician who served as president of the Board of Trade from 1702 to 1705.

Thynne was the English Envoy to Sweden from 1666 to 1669, one of the Members of Parliament for Oxford University between 1674 and 1679, one of the Members for Tamworth from 1679 to 1681, the High Steward of Tamworth and High Steward of Sutton Coldfield from 1679 until his death. In 1682, he was created 1st Viscount Weymouth and the 1st Baron Thynne of Warminster. He served as First Lord of Trade and Foreign Plantations between 30 May 1702 and April 1707. He was a Privy Counsellor from 1702 to 1707 and was re-invested as a Privy Counsellor in 1711. He also held the office of Warden of the Forest of Dean in 1712. Predeceased by his sons, on his death, his estates and titles were inherited by his great-nephew, Thomas Thynne, 2nd Viscount Weymouth.

Tamworth (UK Parliament constituency)
Tamworth is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament, based on the town of Tamworth in Staffordshire, England. The seat is currently represented by Sarah Edwards of the Labour Party, re-elected in the UK 2024 general election.
2015 Nigerian Senate elections in Zamfara State
The 2015 Nigerian Senate election in Zamfara State was held on March 28, 2015, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Zamfara State. Kabir Garba Marafa representing Zamfara Central, Tijjani Yahaya Kaura representing Zamfara North and Ahmad Sani Yerima representing Zamfara West all won on the platform of All Progressives Congress.

Kabir Garba Marafa
Kabir Garba Marafa Listenⓘ CON OFR is a Nigerian politician born on September 16, 1960, in Yandoton Daji, Birnin Yandoto Emirate, Tsafe Local Government, Zamfara State
. He served as Senator for Zamfara Central from 2011 to 2019 under the umbrella of the All Progressives Congress (APC).Marafa was Vice Chairman of the Senate Committee on Petroleum Resources Upstream in the 7th Assembly, he became the Chairman of the Senate Joint Committee on Petroleum Resources in the 8th Assembly, and was a member of many other committees.He sponsored the Petroleum Industry Bill
and lobbied vigorously for the creation of the Presidential Initiative on Zamfara State (PIZAMS)
. Marafa contributed significantly to the establishment of Federal University Gusau and the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) office in Gusau.