hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barkway Chalk Pit
Barkway Chalk Pit is a small (0.3 hectare) nature reserve in Barkway in North Hertfordshire. It was managed by the Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust (HMWT). In February 2016 HMWT announced that three sites, Barkway Chalk Pit, Hill End Pit and Pryor's Wood, which HMWT managed on behalf of their owner, North Hertfordshire District Council, were to return to Council management as the Trust was no longer able to meet the cost.

The site has been designated a Regionally important geological site (RIGS) by the Hertfordshire RIGS Group. It exposes a chalk block which is out of position because it was displaced by the Anglian ice sheet which covered Hertfordshire around 450,000 years ago. The vegetation is chalk scrub, and there are many species of birds, including yellowhammer, spotted flycatcher, blue tit and tawny owl.

The entrance to the site is a short distance along an unnamed road which goes north from the junction of The Joint and Royston Road.

North Hertfordshire
North Hertfordshire is one of ten local government districts in the county of Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in Letchworth Garden City and the largest town is Hitchin. The district also includes the towns of Baldock and Royston and numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Part of the district lies within the Chiltern Hills, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are East Hertfordshire, Stevenage, Welwyn Hatfield, St Albans, Luton, Central Bedfordshire, South Cambridgeshire and Uttlesford.
John Alexander Johnston
John Alexander Johnston (22 February 1858 – 5 January 1940) was an American military officer and commissioner of the District of Columbia born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania.  He served as a brigadier general during World War I.

Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Allegheny City was a municipality that existed in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania from 1788 until it was annexed by Pittsburgh in 1907. It was located north across the Allegheny River from downtown Pittsburgh, with its southwest border formed by the Ohio River, and is known as the North Side. The city's waterfront district, along the Allegheny and Ohio rivers, became Pittsburgh's North Shore neighborhood.

The boundary of Allegheny City encompassed the modern Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Allegheny Center, Allegheny West, Brighton Heights, California-Kirkbride, Central Northside, Chateau, East Allegheny, Fineview, Manchester, Marshall-Shadeland, North Shore, Perry South, Spring Hill–City View, and Troy Hill; most of Perry North; and parts of Northview Heights and Spring Garden.
Toni Collette & the Finish
Toni Collette & The Finish were a band fronted by Australian actress, singer and songwriter Toni Collette.  Other band members included Collette's estranged husband Dave Galafassi, Glenn Richards, David Lane and Pete Farley.

David Lane (musician)
David Daniel Lane (born 31 January 1981) is an Australian musician. He is a solo artist and lead guitarist of You Am I (since 1999). He was also lead singer-guitarist of The Pictures (from 2000) and member of Australian supergroup, The Wrights.
Reign of Terror (demo)
Reign of Terror is a demo album by American death metal band Death, released in October 1984.  An interview of the band's lead vocalist and guitarist Chuck Schuldiner was later re-released in 1985 as “Reign of Terror II” which includes  a set from October 1984.

Along with Death's demo Infernal Death, Reign of Terror "influenced the Death metal scene tremendously", as "their low and guttural nature would become the staple of the genre". Author Ian Christe, in his book Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal, noted that Death's demos "became as heavily shared by tape traders as any well-established act in metal".

Chuck Schuldiner
Charles Michael Schuldiner (/ʃuːlˈdiːnər/; May 13, 1967 – December 13, 2001) was an American musician. He cofounded the pioneering Florida death metal band Death in 1983, in which he was the guitarist, primary songwriter and only continuous member until his death in 2001. He became the lead vocalist in 1985 after original drummer and vocalist Kam Lee left the band. His obituary in the January 5, 2002, issue of Kerrang! described him as "one of the most significant figures in the history of metal." Schuldiner was ranked No. 10 in Joel McIver's book The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists in 2009 and No. 20 in March 2004 Guitar World's "The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists". In 1987, Schuldiner founded the publishing company Mutilation Music, affiliated with performance rights organization BMI. Schuldiner died in 2001 of a brain tumor.
Radiative-convective equilibrium
The radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) is a concept for the radiative balance of the atmosphere. It describes the balance between the net radiative longwave cooling and the heating due to convection and surface fluxes.
The main difference to the pure radiative equilibrium is that the lapse rate in the troposphere is adjusted to a more realistic one.

In climate models, the concept is used to simulate the globally averaged thermal structure of the atmosphere and offers the opportunity to analyse the sensitivity of this structure to CO2. Syukuro Manabe won the Physics Nobel Prize for his RCE model as it was the first to produce a realistic estimate of the Earth's Climate Sensitivity (ECS).
On Earth, the tropical atmosphere is on many scales close to RCE. Therefore, the concept has also been used for studying tropical circulation and different aspects of moist convection

The concept has its limitations in cases of a very stable atmosphere which nearly eliminates convection.

Radiative equilibrium
Radiative equilibrium is the condition where the total thermal radiation leaving an object is equal to the total thermal radiation entering it. It is one of the several requirements for thermodynamic equilibrium, but it can occur in the absence of thermodynamic equilibrium. There are various types of radiative equilibrium, which is itself a kind of dynamic equilibrium.
Pick 'n' Mix
Pick 'n' Mix is the second album by English singer Lolly. Lolly, who was born Anna Shantha Kumble, was born in 1977 in Sutton Coldfield and she is a singer, dancer and TV presenter. All three singles from her debut album My First Album – "Viva La Radio", "Mickey" and "Big Boys Don't Cry" are also included on Pick 'n' Mix. "Big Boys Don't Cry" was released as a double A-side single alongside a cover of "Rockin' Robin" which reached No. 10 in the UK. "Per Sempre Amore" and a cover of "Girls Just Wanna Have Fun" both reached the top 20 in the UK.

Rockin' Robin (song)
"Rockin' Robin" (originally released as "Rock-In Robin" on the Class Records 45 single) is a song written by Leon René under the pseudonym Jimmie Thomas, and recorded by American singer Bobby Day in 1958. It was Day's biggest hit single, becoming a number two hit on the Billboard Hot 100, and spent one week at the top of the R&B sales chart. Michael Jackson recorded his own version of the song in 1972, which also achieved success.
1954 Wisconsin Supreme Court election
The 1954 Wisconsin Supreme Court election was held on Tuesday, April 6, 1954 to elect a justice to a full ten-year seat the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Incumbent justice Roland J. Steinle (who had been appointed the previous year to fill a vacancy) won the election, defeating William H. Dieterich (a perennial candidate for state office) in the general election by a sizable margin. Prior to the general election, a nonpartisan primary was held in which both Steinle and Dieterich advanced over Perry J. Stearns.

Roland J. Steinle
Roland Joseph Steinle (March 21, 1896 – December 22, 1966) was an American lawyer, jurist, and Republican politician from the U.S. state of Wisconsin.  He served four years on the Wisconsin Supreme Court and was the Republican nominee for United States Senator from Wisconsin in the 1958 election.
Puerto La Cruz refinery
The Puerto La Cruz refinery, also known as the Guaranguão refinery, is a hydrocarbon refining complex located in Puerto La Cruz, Anzoátegui State, Venezuela. It is the country's second-largest refinery in terms of production, with 200,000 barrels per day, after the Paraguaná refinery complex with 940,000 barrels per day.

Paraguaná refinery complex
The Paraguaná Refinery Complex (Spanish: Centro de Refinación de Paraguaná) is a crude oil refinery complex in Venezuela. It is considered the world's second largest refinery complex, just after Jamnagar Refinery (India). The Paraguaná Refinery Complex was created by the fusion of Amuay Refinery, Bajo Grande Refinery and Cardón Refinery. The Paraguana Refinery Complex is still the largest refinery in the Western Hemisphere. As of 2012, it refined 955 thousand barrels per day (151,800 m3/d). The complex is located in the Paraguaná Peninsula in Falcón state (Amuay and Cardón refineries) and the western coast of Lake Maracaibo in the Zulia state (Bajo Grande Refinery). The complex accounts for 71% of the refining capacity of Venezuela and it belongs to the state-owned company Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA).
Marie-Jeanne Lamartinière
Marie-Jeanne Lamartinière (fl. 1802) was a Haitian revolutionary, soldier, and nurse. Described as a Mulatto, she was raised on a plantation in Port-au-Prince. Marie-Jeanne received formal education before marrying Louis Daure Lamartinière, an officer of the Armée Indigène. In 1802, she fought alongside him and his army against French forces in the Battle of Crête-à-Pierrot. Her attire and weaponry were noted, and she was described as courageous. After a bombardment by the French, Marie-Jeanne retreated with Louis and his army, and after his death, she had relationships with two other army officers. Though little is known about Lamartinière, she is popular across Haiti and was printed on a postage stamp and coin.

Indigenous Army
The Indigenous Army (French: Armée Indigène; Haitian Creole: Lame Endijèn), also known as the Army of Saint-Domingue (French: Armée de Saint-Domingue) was the name bestowed to the coalition of anti-slavery men and women who fought in the Haitian Revolution in Saint-Domingue (now Haiti). Encompassing both black slaves, and affranchis (black and mulatto freedmen alike), the rebels were not officially titled the Armée indigène until January 1803, under the leadership of then-general Jean-Jacques Dessalines. Predated by insurrectionists such as François Mackandal, Vincent Ogé and Dutty Boukman, Toussaint Louverture, succeeded by Dessalines, led, organized, and consolidated the rebellion. The now full-fledged fighting force utilized its manpower advantage and strategic capacity to overwhelm French troops, ensuring the Haitian Revolution was the most successful of its kind.
Skylar Little
Skylar Martine Meinhardt (née Little; born March 10, 1978) is an American former professional soccer player. A consistent right-back, she played for Washington Freedom of Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA) and trained with the senior United States women's national soccer team.

Women's United Soccer Association
The Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA) was the world's first women's soccer league in which all the players were paid as professionals. Founded in February 2000, the league began its first season in April 2001 with eight teams in the United States. The league suspended operations on September 15, 2003, shortly after the end of its third season, after making cumulative losses of around US$100 million.
Control Myself
"Control Myself" is a song by American rapper LL Cool J from his eleventh studio album, Todd Smith (2006). The song was written by Jermaine Dupri and Ryan Toby. The song was produced by Dupri, with co-production by LRoc, and features guest vocals from American singer Jennifer Lopez. "Control Myself" contains a sample of Afrika Bambaataa and Soulsonic Force's 1983 song "Looking for the Perfect Beat", while the vocals interpolate Bambaataa and Soulsonic Force's 1982 song "Planet Rock".

Afrika Bambaataa
Lance Taylor (born April 17, 1957), also known as Afrika Bambaataa (/ˌæfrɪkə bæmˈbɑːtə/), is a retired American DJ, rapper, and record producer. He is notable for releasing a series of genre-defining electro tracks in the 1980s that influenced the development of hip hop culture. Afrika Bambaataa is one of the originators of breakbeat DJing.

Through his co-opting of his street gang Black Spades into the music and culture-oriented organization Universal Zulu Nation, he has helped spread hip hop culture throughout the world.
In May 2016, Bambaataa left his position as head of the Universal Zulu Nation due to multiple allegations of child sexual abuse dating as far back as the 1970s.
Alter Egos
Alter Egos is a 2012 American superhero comedy film written, edited, and directed by Jordan Galland. The film, starring Kris Lemche, Sean Lennon, Danny Masterson, and Geneva Carr, was distributed by Kevin Smith's SModcast Pictures and Phase 4 Films. It premiered was at the Fantasia Film Festival on July 24, 2012, where it was chosen as an official selection.

Danny Masterson
Daniel Peter Masterson (born March 13, 1976)  is an American actor. He portrayed Steven Hyde in That '70s Show (1998–2006), Milo Foster in Men at Work (2012–2014), and Jameson "Rooster" Bennett in The Ranch (2016–2018).

In 2023, Masterson was convicted of raping two women in 2003, and is currently serving a 30 years to life prison sentence. A third count of rape resulted in a hung jury. Masterson is a Scientologist, as were his victims at the time of the assaults. The Church of Scientology's attempts to silence the victims, and other interference, delayed bringing the crimes to justice for 20 years.
Homadena
Homadena was a town of ancient Phrygia on the road from Apamea to Eumeneia, inhabited during Roman and Byzantine times. Its name does not occur in ancient authors but is inferred from epigraphic and other evidence.

Its site is located near Gümüşsu (formerly, Homa) in Asiatic Turkey.

Eumeneia
Eumeneia or Eumenia (Ancient Greek: Εὐμένεια) was a town of ancient Phrygia, situated on the river Glaucus, on the road from Dorylaeum to Apameia. It is said to have received its name from Attalus II, who named the town after his brother and predecessor, Eumenes II. As of the 19th century, ruins and curious sculptures still marked the place as the site of an ancient town. On some coins found there we read Εὐμενέων Ἀχαίων, which seems to allude to the destruction of Corinth, at which the troops of Attalus were present. The district of the town bore the name Eumenetica Regio, mentioned by Pliny the Elder. It was inhabited during Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine times; for a time it also bore the name Fulvia.

It was the seat of a bishop; no longer a residential bishopric, under the name Eumenia. It remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

Its site is located near Işıklı in Asiatic Turkey.
Al Haris
Al Haris (born 23 November 1973) is an Indonesian politician and bureaucrat who has served as the governor of Jambi since 2021. Before becoming governor, he was elected twice as regent of Merangin Regency, serving between 2013 and 2021. He was a civil servant in Jambi for over 20 years before entering politics.

Merangin Regency
Merangin Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of Jambi Province on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It was created on 4 October 1999 by the division of the former Sarolangun Bangko Regency into a new Sarolangun Regency in the east and this Merangin Regency in the west. The regency covers an area of 7,679.0 km2, and had a population of 333,206 at the 2010 census and 354,052 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 373,409 - comprising 189,365 males and 184,044 females. The administrative capital is the town of Bangko.
Gliese 877
Gliese 877 (GJ 877 / HIP 113229 / LHS 531) is a red dwarf star located in the southern constellation of Octans, near the boundary with Indus. At a distance of 28.04 light-years (8.60 parsecs), it is the nearest star in Octans.: 84  Known stars close to it are β Hydri and ζ Tucanae, respectively 4.5 and 6.2 light years.

Gliese 877's bolometric luminosity is just 2.3% of the Sun's. It shines with an apparent magnitude of +10.22, so it cannot be seen with the naked eye. Nevertheless, it is considerably brighter than other red dwarfs, such as Proxima Centauri, the closest red dwarf to the Solar System; in particular, it is almost 14 times more luminous than Proxima. Of spectral type M3V, its effective temperature is 3390 K. It does not appear to be a variable star.

Beta Hydri
Beta Hydri (β Hyi, β Hydri) is a star in the southern circumpolar constellation of Hydrus. (Note that Hydrus is not the same as Hydra.) With an apparent visual magnitude of 2.8, this is the brightest star in the constellation. Based upon parallax measurements the distance to this star is about 24.33 light-years (7.46 parsecs).

At a distance of 13°, it is the closest easily visible star to the south celestial pole, and around 150 BC it was within two degrees of it, which made it the southern pole star.
Civil defense Geiger counters
Geiger counter is a colloquial name for any hand-held radiation measuring device in civil defense, but most civil defense devices were ion-chamber radiological survey meters capable of measuring only high levels of radiation that would be present after a major nuclear event.

Most Geiger and ion-chamber survey meters were issued by governmental civil defense organizations in several countries from the 1950s in the midst of the Cold War in an effort to help prepare citizens for a nuclear attack.

Many of these same instruments are still in use today by some states, Texas amongst them, under the jurisdiction of the Texas Bureau of Radiation Control. They are regularly maintained, calibrated and deployed to fire departments and other emergency services.

Beta particle
A beta particle, also called beta ray or beta radiation (symbol β), is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by the radioactive decay of an atomic nucleus, known as beta decay. There are two forms of beta decay, β− decay and β+ decay, which produce electrons and positrons, respectively.

Beta particles with an energy of 0.5 MeV have a range of about one metre in the air; the distance is dependent on the particle's energy and the air's density and composition.

Beta particles are a type of ionizing radiation, and for radiation protection purposes, they are regarded as being more ionizing than gamma rays, but less ionizing than alpha particles. The higher the ionising effect, the greater the damage to living tissue, but also the lower the penetrating power of the radiation through matter.
Aseem Trivedi
Aseem Trivedi (born 17 February 1987) is an Indian political cartoonist and activist, known for his anti corruption campaign Cartoons Against Corruption. He is a founder member of Save Your Voice, a movement against internet censorship in India. He is the recipient of "Courage in Editorial Cartooning Award 2012" of US based Cartoonists Rights Network International.

Cartoonists Rights Network International
Cartoonists Rights Network International (CRNI) is a non-profit organisation created in 1999 in the United States by Dr. Robert "Bro" Russell. It looks to protect the human rights and creative freedom of social and editorial cartoonists.

CRNI "envisions a world where cartoonists are free from persecution and able to use their creativity as a powerful tool for communication" and "CRNI strengthens the interconnectedness of cartoonists around the world, campaigns to protect their human rights and defends those threatened as a result of their work."
Heike Warnicke
Heike Warnicke (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪkə ˈvaʁnɪkə]; née Schalling, later Sinaki, born 1 June 1966) is a German former speed skater who competed in the 1992 and 1994 Winter Olympics.

She was born in Weimar.

In 1992, Warnicke won the silver medal in the 3,000 metres event as well as in the 5,000 metres competition, both times behind Gunda Niemann. In the 1500 metres contest, she finished eighth.

Two years later, at the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Warnicke finished 14th in the 5000 metres event, 15th in the 3000 metres competition, and 26th in the 1500 metres contest.

Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann
Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann (née Kleemann, born 7 September 1966) is a German former speed skater. She is a three-time Olympic gold medallist, winning the 3000 metres in 1992 and 1998 and the 5000 metres in 1992. She won a total of eight Olympic medals.
The Grouchy Ladybug
Children's literature portal

The Grouchy Ladybug, also known as The Very Grouchy Ladybug, is a 1977 children's book written by Eric Carle, best known as the author of The Very Hungry Caterpillar and 10 Little Rubber Ducks, and originally published by Thomas Y. Crowell Co. In the United Kingdom, it was published under the title The Bad-Tempered Ladybird. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association listed the book as one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children."

The Very Hungry Caterpillar
The Very Hungry Caterpillar is a 1969 children's picture book designed, illustrated, and written by American author Eric Carle. The plot follows a very hungry caterpillar that consumes a variety of foods before pupating and becoming a butterfly. It incorporates elements that contribute to early childhood education, including counting, days of the week, and food.

Since its publication, the book sold more than 50 million copies, been translated into more than 60 languages, won numerous awards, and been adapted for television. It has been acclaimed as "one of the greatest childhood classics of all time" and praised for its "iconic" art style, featuring collage artwork and pages with holes where the caterpillar "ate" through.
Meruda Takkar
Meruda Takkar is a landform located north of Khadir Bet in the Great Rann of Kutch, Kutch district, Gujarat, India. It has a presence of alkali feldspar syenite rocks which are of either Precambrian or Pre-Deccan Mesozoic plutonic origin. It is described as a hill, an island, an outcrop as well as a monadnock.

Syenite
Syenite is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock with a general composition similar to that of granite, but deficient in quartz, which, if present at all, occurs in relatively small concentrations (< 5%). It is considered a granitoid. Some syenites contain larger proportions of mafic components and smaller amounts of felsic material than most granites; those are classed as being of intermediate composition.

The extrusive equivalent of syenite is trachyte.
Motorola Razr2
The Motorola Razr2, stylized as Motorola RAZR2, is a clamshell mobile phone designed and developed by Motorola, announced on May 16, 2007. The Razr2 is the second-generation Razr, succeeding the Motorola Razr V3 and its derivatives and also the Motorola Razr Maxx V6. The Razr2 was released in 2G EDGE (model no. V8), 3G HSDPA (V9) and 3G EV-DO (V9m) variants.

The most prominent feature in the Razr2 is the large external display with touch-sensitive buttons and haptic feedback. It allows users to use some functions of the phone without opening up the flip. Compared to the previous Razrs, Razr2 also has Motorola's CrystalTalk technology to improve call quality and help reduce background noise. While the Razr2 V9 and V9m run on Motorola's previous software platform called P2K (based on Versatile Real-Time Executive), the Razr2 V8 runs MotoMagx, based on the MontaVista Linux OS.

High Speed Packet Access
High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile protocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing 3G mobile telecommunication networks using the WCDMA protocols. A further-improved 3GPP standard called Evolved High Speed Packet Access (also known as HSPA+) was released late in 2008, with subsequent worldwide adoption beginning in 2010. The newer standard allows bit rates to reach as high as 337 Mbit/s in the downlink and 34 Mbit/s in the uplink; however, these speeds are rarely achieved in practice.