hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nicholas Peroff
Nicholas C. Peroff (born May 19, 1944) is an American political scientist, public administrator and professor in Native American studies and complexity theory at the Henry W. Bloch School of Management at the University of Missouri-Kansas City; he formerly held teaching positions in Taiwan, South Korea and South Africa.

The secretary of International Relations Council, he is the former president of the Western Social Science Association (2002-2003). A veteran of the Vietnam War, he was named Public Administrator of the Year, Kansas City, by the American Society for Public Administration in 2009.

Complexity economics
Complexity economics, or economic complexity, is the application of complexity science to the problems of economics. It relaxes several common assumptions in economics, including general equilibrium theory. While it does not reject the existence of an equilibrium, it features a non-equilibrium approach and sees such equilibria as a special case and as an emergent property resulting from complex interactions between economic agents. The complexity science approach has also been applied as the primary field in computational economics.
Tim Hernández
Timothy Mariano Hernández (born February 25, 1997) is an American politician, activist, and schoolteacher. He served as the representative for the 4th district in the Colorado House of Representatives from September 2023 to January 2025. Hernández was appointed to the chamber in August 2023 by a vacancy committee and is the first member of Generation Z to hold a state office in Colorado.

A member of the Democratic Party, Hernández advocates a progressive platform including support for gun control and affordable housing.

Colorado House of Representatives
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Colorado. The House is composed of 65 members from an equal number of constituent districts, with each district having roughly 80,000 people.  Representatives are elected to two-year terms, and are limited to four consecutive terms in office, but can run again after a four-year respite.

The Colorado House of Representatives convenes at the State Capitol in Denver.
IP multicast
IP multicast is a method of sending Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams to a group of interested receivers in a single transmission. It is the IP-specific form of multicast and is used for streaming media and other network applications. It uses specially reserved multicast address blocks in IPv4 and IPv6.

Protocols associated with IP multicast include Internet Group Management Protocol, Protocol Independent Multicast and Multicast VLAN Registration. IGMP snooping is used to manage IP multicast traffic on layer-2 networks.

IP multicast is described in RFC 1112. IP multicast was first standardized in 1986. Its specifications have been augmented in RFC 4604 to include group management and in RFC 5771 to include administratively scoped addresses.

IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the first version of the Internet Protocol (IP) as a standalone specification. It is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the Internet and other packet-switched networks. IPv4 was the first version deployed for production on SATNET in 1982 and on the ARPANET in January 1983. It is still used to route most Internet traffic today, even with the ongoing deployment of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), its successor.

IPv4 uses a 32-bit address space which provides 4,294,967,296 (232) unique addresses, but large blocks are reserved for special networking purposes. This quantity of unique addresses is not large enough to meet the needs of the global Internet, which has caused a significant issue known as IPv4 address exhaustion during the ongoing transition to IPv6.
La Unión CF
La Unión Club de Fútbol was a football team based in La Unión, in the Region of Murcia. The team last played in Preferente Autonómica, and held home matches at the Estadio Municipal de La Unión, with a capacity of 2,000 people.

Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Region of Murcia
The Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol in the Region of Murcia are organised by the Football Federation of the Region of Murcia:

Preferente Autonómica de la Región de Murcia (Level 6 of the Spanish football pyramid)

Primera Autonómica de Murcia (Level 7)

Segunda Autonómica de Murcia (Level 8)
Gliese 877
Gliese 877 (GJ 877 / HIP 113229 / LHS 531) is a red dwarf star located in the southern constellation of Octans, near the boundary with Indus. At a distance of 28.04 light-years (8.60 parsecs), it is the nearest star in Octans.: 84  Known stars close to it are β Hydri and ζ Tucanae, respectively 4.5 and 6.2 light years.

Gliese 877's bolometric luminosity is just 2.3% of the Sun's. It shines with an apparent magnitude of +10.22, so it cannot be seen with the naked eye. Nevertheless, it is considerably brighter than other red dwarfs, such as Proxima Centauri, the closest red dwarf to the Solar System; in particular, it is almost 14 times more luminous than Proxima. Of spectral type M3V, its effective temperature is 3390 K. It does not appear to be a variable star.

Zeta Tucanae
Zeta Tucanae, Latinized from ζ Tucanae, is a star in the constellation Tucana. It is a spectral class F9.5 main sequence star. Based upon parallax measurements by the Hipparcos spacecraft, it is approximately 28.0 light years from Earth. This is one of the least variable stars observed during the Hipparcos mission. The star is faintly visible to the naked eye, at an apparent magnitude of +4.23.
Symphony in C-sharp minor (Sohy)
The Symphony in C-sharp minor, Op. 10, subtitled the Great War, is the only symphony by French composer Charlotte Sohy. It was written between 1914 and 1917 during World War I and may have been inspired by the death of Sohy's colleague Albéric Magnard.

Albéric Magnard
Lucien Denis Gabriel Albéric Magnard (French pronunciation: [lysjɛ̃ dəni ɡabʁijɛl albeʁik maɲaʁ]; 9 June 1865 – 3 September 1914) was a French composer, somewhat influenced by César Franck and Vincent d'Indy. Magnard became a national hero in 1914 when he refused to surrender his property to German invaders and died defending it.
Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i
Abd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad Ibn 'Abd al-Karīm b. al-Faḍl b. al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan Imām al-Din Abū al-Qāsim al-Rāfi'i al-Qazwini, who was better known as Abū al-Qāsim al-Rāfi'i (Arabic: أبو القاسم الرافعي) was a Sunni Muslim scholar based in Qazvin. He was a well-known jurisconsult, legal theoretician, hadith scholar, Qur'anic exegete, historian, ascetic, and muhaqqiq (researcher). Shah Waliullah Dehlawi categorized al-Rafi'i as one of the scholars who attained mujtahid mutlaq (absolute/autonomous ijtihad). Al-Rāfi'i, along with al-Nawawi, are leading jurists of the earlier classical age, known by the Shafi'i school as the Two Shaykhs (al-Shaykhayn). As per Taj al-Din al-Subki, the purpose of this title is to indicate their superior standing within the school, as al-Rāfi'i and al-Nawawi were the primary sources for the later school's legal doctrines. Furthermore, al-Rafi'i was chosen by a host of scholars to be the mujaddid of the sixth/twelfth century.

Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
Qutb ud-Din Ahmad ibn ʿAbd-ur-Rahim al-ʿUmari ad-Dehlawi (Arabic: قطب الدين أحمد بن عبد الرحيم العمري الدهلوي, romanized: Quṭb ad-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd-ur-Raḥīm al-ʿUmarī ad-Dehlawī‎; 1703–1762), commonly known as Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (also Shah Wali Allah), was an Islamic Sunni scholar and Sufi reformer, who contributed to Islamic revival in the Indian subcontinent and is therefore seen by his followers as a renewer.
Musée Cernuschi
The Musée Cernuschi (French pronunciation: [myze tʃɛʁnuski]; 'Cernuschi Museum'), officially also the Musée des arts de l'Asie de la Ville de Paris ('Asian Arts Museum of the City of Paris'), is an Asian art museum located at 7 avenue Vélasquez, near Parc Monceau, in Paris, France. Its Asian art collection is second in Paris only to that of the Musée Guimet.

The nearest Paris Métro stops to the museum are Villiers or Monceau on Line 2.

Guimet Museum
The Guimet Museum (full name in French: Musée national des arts asiatiques-Guimet, MNAAG; abbr. Musée Guimet, [myze ɡimɛ]) is a Parisian art museum with one of the largest and most comprehensive collections of Asian art outside of Asia which includes items from Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Tibet, India, and Nepal, among other countries.

Founded in the late 19th century, it is located in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, at 6, Place d'Iéna. Its name literally translated into English is the National Museum of Asian Arts-Guimet, or Guimet National Museum of Asian Arts.
Drop (film)
Drop is a 2025 American mystery thriller film directed by Christopher Landon and written by Jillian Jacobs and Chris Roach. It stars Meghann Fahy, Brandon Sklenar, Violett Beane, and Jeffery Self. In the film, a widowed mother receives threatening messages during her first date in years, which causes her to question her date and fear for her safety.

Drop had its premiere at the SXSW on March 9, 2025, and was released in the United States by Universal Pictures on April 11, 2025. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $28 million worldwide.

Christopher Landon (filmmaker)
Christopher Beau Landon (born February 27, 1975) is an American filmmaker best known for working in the horror and comedy horror genres.

He has worked as a screenwriter on the thriller Disturbia and most of the films in the Paranormal Activity found-footage horror series. He wrote and directed Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones as well as the horror comedy films Happy Death Day, Scouts Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse, Happy Death Day 2U, Freaky, and We Have a Ghost. He wrote and made his directorial debut on the satirical thriller film Burning Palms (2010).
Dick Young (American football coach)
Richard M. Young (November 15, 1937 – February 7, 2022) was an American college football coach, wrestling coach, tennis coach, and educator. He was the head football coach for Anderson College—now known as Anderson University—from 1964 to 1975.

Anderson University (Indiana)
Anderson University is a private Christian university in Anderson, Indiana, United States. It is affiliated with the Church of God. The university offers more than 60 undergraduate majors as well as graduate programs in business, music, and theology.
Robert V. Rice
Robert Vernon Rice (August 13, 1924 – February 17, 2020) was an American biochemist from Carnegie Mellon University and the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts primarily known for work in the area of biochemistry and physiology of muscle proteins and neuromuscular interactions.

Marine Biological Laboratory
The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) is an academic research center for biological and environmental sciences. The center is associated with the University of Chicago but will return to full independence in June 2026. The center is located in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

MBL was founded in 1888 as a private, nonprofit institution. It was acquired by the University of Chicago on July 1, 2013. As of 2024, 63 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with MBL as students, faculty members, or researchers. In addition, since 1960, there have been 137 Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigators, early career scientists, international researchers, and professors; 319 members of the National Academy of Sciences; and 260 Members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences who have been affiliated with the lab.
Deirdre O'Connor
Deirdre Frances O'Connor (5 February 1941 – 28 January 2024) was an Australian lawyer, academic, Judge of the Federal Court, President of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, and President of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission.

Australian Industrial Relations Commission
The Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC), known from 1956 to 1973 as the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Commission and from 1973 to 1988 as the Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission, was a tribunal with powers under the Workplace Relations Act 1996 (and equivalent earlier legislation) that existed from 1956 until 2010. It was the central institution of Australian labour law.  The AIRC replaced a previous system of industrial courts, which broadly speaking, was engaged in the same functions, but with superior independence and powers.
Jonas Nyholm
Jonas Nyholm (born 23 June 1992) is a Finnish football coach and a former player, who played as a defensive midfielder. He is currently working as a manager of Veikkausliiga club Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat (KTP).

Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat
Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat (abbreviated as KTP) is a Finnish professional football club based in Kotka, currently competing in Finland's top-tier, the Veikkausliiga. The club was founded in 1927 and its colours are green and white. Immediately after its formation, the club joined the Finnish Workers' Sports Federation, to which it still belongs. KTP plays its home matches at the Arto Tolsa Areena.
1988 Belgian Open
The 1988 Belgian Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Brussels, Belgium and was part of the Category 1 tier of the 1988 WTA Tour. It was the second edition of the tournament ran from 11 July until 17 July 1988. Fourth-seeded Arantxa Sánchez won the singles final.

Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
Aránzazu Isabel María "Arantxa" Sánchez Vicario (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈɾanθaθw isaˈβel maˈɾi.a aˈɾantʃa ˈsantʃeθ βiˈkaɾjo]; born 18 December 1971) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 12 weeks, as well as the world No. 1 in women's doubles for 111 weeks. A defensive baseliner, Sánchez Vicario won 29 WTA Tour-level singles titles and 69 doubles titles, including 14 major titles: four in singles, six in women's doubles, and four in mixed doubles. She also won four Olympic medals and five Fed Cup titles representing Spain. In 1994, Sánchez Vicario was crowned the ITF World Champion of the year.
John Deuss
Johannes Christiaan Martinus Augustinus Maria "John" Deuss (born 28 August 1942) is a Dutch businessman who started a variety of businesses, most notably an oil trading company that he attempted to build into an integrated oil company by diversifying into oil exploration, oil refining and operating a large chain of gas stations.

He founded JOC Oil, later rebranded as Transworld Oil, founded and wholly owned First Curacao International Bank, was the chairman, CEO and owner of 47% of Bermuda Commercial Bank. In 1985 he bought 576 service stations in Pennsylvania and New York plus a refinery in Pennsylvania for $420 million from  ARCO. He rebranded the stations to their former name Atlantic. Deuss later sold the stations plus refinery, pipelines and terminals in 1988 to Sunoco for $513 million.

He has been involved in a number of public controversies including accusations of selling oil to the apartheid regime of South Africa and owning a bank which permitted carousel fraud.

Missing trader fraud
Missing trader fraud (also called missing trader intra-community fraud or MTIC fraud) involves the non-payment of Value Added Tax (VAT) to a government by fraudsters who exploit VAT rules, most commonly the European Union VAT rules which provide that the movement of goods between member states is VAT-free. There are different variations of the fraud, but they generally involve a trader charging VAT on the sale of goods and absconding with the VAT instead of paying it to the taxation authority. The term "missing trader" is used because the fraudster has gone missing with the VAT.

A common form of missing trader fraud is carousel fraud. In carousel fraud, VAT and goods are passed around between companies and jurisdictions, similar to how a carousel revolves.
Troston
Troston is a village and civil parish in Suffolk, England, five miles north-east of Bury St Edmunds. Its parish church contains rare mediaeval wall paintings, including dragon-slaying and the Martyrdom of St Edmund.

The local pub, The Bull, had been a central part of the village since the late 1800s, but was closed, leaving it boarded up. Owners, brewers Greene King, sold it, and The Bull has now reopened as a Free House with a restaurant.

Troston Hall, to the south of the village, is a Grade II* listed late 16th century manor house, with the Grade II listed Hall Farm to its north.

There are sixteen listed buildings in the village.

Bury St Edmunds
Bury St Edmunds (/ˈbɛri sənt ˈɛdməndz/), commonly referred to locally as Bury, is a cathedral as well as market town and civil parish in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The town is best known for Bury St Edmunds Abbey and St Edmundsbury Cathedral. Bury is the seat of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich of the Church of England, with the episcopal see at St Edmundsbury Cathedral. The town, originally called Beodericsworth, was built on a grid pattern by Abbot Baldwin around 1080. It is known for brewing and malting (Greene King brewery) and for a British Sugar processing factory, where Silver Spoon sugar is produced. The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. The built up area had a population of 41,280 at the 2021 census.
Kalle Hult
Kalle Hult (born May 27, 1995) is a Swedish ice hockey player. He is currently playing with HV71 of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

Hult made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with HV71 during the 2014–15 SHL season.

HV71
HV71 (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhôːveː ˌɧɵtːɪˈɛtː]), often referred to as just HV, is a Swedish professional ice hockey club based in Jönköping, playing in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL), the first tier of Swedish ice hockey. The team played in the 2008–09 Champions Hockey League season, and has also participated in the new Champions Hockey League tournament since the 2014–15 season. Between 2008 and 2013, HV also participated in the European Trophy tournament. With the exception of a one-year stint in the 2021–22 season in Sweden's second tier, HockeyAllsvenskan, where they won the promotion playoffs, the club has played continuously in the SHL since being promoted in the 1984–85 season.
James Ngandu
James Ngandu (born 2 April 1990) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specializes in marathon and half marathon races. He gained prominence by winning the 2022 Houston Marathon and previously excelled as an NCAA Division II national champion in cross country and track while competing for Tiffin University. His personal bests include 2:10:17 in the marathon and 1:01:28 in the half marathon.

Houston Marathon
The Houston Marathon is an annual marathon usually held every January in Houston, Texas, United States, since 1972.  With thousands of runners and spectators, it is the largest single day sporting event in the city.  It is run concurrently with a half marathon and a 5 km race. The 2007 race included the first-ever satellite running of the event, run simultaneously in Fallujah, Iraq.

The races bring crowds of nearly one half million to view the runners.
2002 Maryland Comptroller election
The 2002 Maryland comptroller election was held on November 5, 2002, in order to elect the comptroller of Maryland. Democratic nominee and incumbent comptroller William Donald Schaefer defeated Republican nominee Eugene Robert Zarwell.

William Donald Schaefer
William Donald Schaefer (November 2, 1921 – April 18, 2011) was an American politician who served in public office for 50 years at both the state and local level in Maryland. As a Democrat, he was the 45th mayor of Baltimore from December 1971 to January 1987, the 58th Governor of Maryland from January 21, 1987, to January 18, 1995, and the 32nd Comptroller of Maryland from January 20, 1999, to January 17, 2007.  On September 12, 2006, he was defeated in his reelection bid for a third term as Comptroller by Maryland Delegate Peter Franchot in the Democratic Party primary.
Black Midnight (film)
Black Midnight is a 1949 American Western film directed by Budd Boetticher and starring Roddy McDowall, Damian O'Flynn, and Lyn Thomas.

The film was part of a three picture deal he had with Eagle Lion films. It was also known as Thunder the Great.

Lyn Thomas
Lyn Thomas (born Jacqueline Thomas; 1929–2004) was an American stage, television, and film actress.

Thomas's first name was changed from Jacqueline to Lyn by a studio executive. Her film debut came in 1947.
Jim Rakete
Günther "Jim" Rakete (German: [dʒɪm ʁakeːtə]; born 1 January 1951) is a German photographer, photojournalist, filmmaker, writer and producer based in Berlin.

Rakete shot numerous personalities from the German and international music and film scene and politics. His managerial work behind the award-winning musical acts Nina Hagen Band, Interzone, Nena and Die Ärzte made Rakete a decisive figure in the burgeoning German New Wave.

Rakete has had extended living and production periods in Los Angeles, California, and Hamburg, Germany. In 2001, he returned to Berlin, Germany, where he remains engaged in various fields including film, photography, writing, theater, music, and production.

Neue Deutsche Welle
Neue Deutsche Welle (NDW, pronounced [ˈnɔʏə ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈvɛlə], "new German wave") is a genre of West German rock music originally derived from post-punk and new wave with electronic influences. The term was first coined by Dutch radio DJ Frits Ritmeester on the nationwide radio station Hilversum 3, which was very popular among German listeners. Soon after that, the term was used in a record-shop advertisement by Burkhardt Seiler in an August 1979 issue of the West German magazine Sounds. It was then used by journalist Alfred Hilsberg in an October 1979 Sounds article about the movement, titled Neue Deutsche Welle — Aus grauer Städte Mauern ("new German wave—from the walls of grey cities").
Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary
Jambughoda is a Wildlife Sanctuary situated in Jambughoda Tehsil, in the South-Central part of Gujarat, and the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests' ecoregion in India. It is located 70 km from Vadodara and 20 km from prominent tourist places such as Pawagadh and Champaner.

Champaner
Champaner is a historical town in the state of Gujarat, in western India. It is located in Panchmahal district, 47 kilometres from the city of Vadodara. The city was briefly the capital of the Sultanate of Gujarat. At an early period Champaner was the seat of a Bhil dynasty. Champaner was founded by King Champa Bhil.
1995 Hotel Properties Limited apartment sales
Between April and October 1995, Singapore's Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew and his son Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong engaged in a series of transactions with Hotel Properties Limited (HPL) that became the subject of a political scandal after they were made known to the public in April 1996.

At the direction of Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) investigated the Lees' purchase of units at two HPL-developed condominiums, for which they had received over a million dollars in discounts. Goh subsequently cleared them of any wrongdoing and the discounts were donated to charity.

Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore
The deputy prime minister of Singapore is the deputy head of government of the Republic of Singapore, and a key political ally of the prime minister. The incumbent deputy prime minister is Gan Kim Yong, an MP for Punggol Group Representation Constituency from the governing People's Action Party, who took office on 15 May 2024.