hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) (EC 1.1.1.42) and (EC 1.1.1.41) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, producing alpha-ketoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) and CO2. This is a two-step process, which involves oxidation of isocitrate (a secondary alcohol) to oxalosuccinate (a ketone), followed by the decarboxylation of the carboxyl group beta to the ketone, forming alpha-ketoglutarate. In humans, IDH exists in three isoforms: IDH3 catalyzes the third step of the citric acid cycle while converting NAD+ to NADH in the mitochondria. The isoforms IDH1 and IDH2 catalyze the same reaction outside the context of the citric acid cycle and use NADP+ as a cofactor instead of NAD+. They localize to the cytosol as well as the mitochondrion and peroxisome.

Alcohol (chemistry)
In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic  al-kuḥl 'the kohl') is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly modifies the properties of hydrocarbons, conferring hydrophilic (water-attracted) properties.  The OH group provides a site at which many reactions can occur.
DVR-MS
DVR-MS (Microsoft Digital Video Recording) is a proprietary video and audio file container format, developed by Microsoft used for storing TV content recorded by Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows Vista and Windows 7.

Multiple data streams (audio and video) are wrapped in an ASF container with the extension DVR-MS. Video is encoded using the MPEG-2 standard and audio using MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or Dolby Digital AC-3 (ATSC A/52). The format extends these standards by including metadata about the content and digital rights management. Files in this format are generated from the Stream Buffer Engine (SBE.dll), a DirectShow component introduced in Windows XP Service Pack 1.

Windows XP Media Center Edition
Windows XP Media Center Edition (MCE) is a version of the Windows XP operating system which was the first version of Windows to include Windows Media Center, designed to serve as a home-entertainment hub. The last version, Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 Update Rollup 2, was released on October 14, 2005. After that, Windows Media Center was included in certain editions of later Windows versions. It was an optional, paid addition to Windows 8 and then discontinued in Windows 10. Windows XP Media Center Edition reached end of support on April 8, 2014, along with most other Windows XP editions.
Trash Island (album)
Trash Island is a collaborative studio album by Swedish hip-hop collective Drain Gang, released on 12 September 2019 through Year0001. Performed by the collective's members Bladee, Ecco2K, and Thaiboy Digital, the album includes a guest appearance by frequent collaborator Yung Lean. A cloud rap and pop album, it was primarily produced by Drain Gang's producer Whitearmor, with contributions from Mechatok and Lusi. Compared to the lo-fi of Drain Gang's previous work, Trash Island has a more polished and melodic sound. It was recorded during a visit by Drain Gang to Bangkok, Thailand, after visa complications forced Thaiboy Digital to leave Sweden in 2015.

Cloud rap
Cloud rap (also known as trillwave) is a subgenre of hip-hop that emerged in the late 2000s to early 2010s, drawing influences from trap, ambient and new age music to create a hazy, dreamlike, atmospheric and relaxed production style through the extensive use of reverb and ethereal chopped samples. The subgenre was originally pioneered by artists and producers such as A$AP Rocky, Lil B, Clams Casino, Friendzone, Whitearmor, Main Attrakionz, Viper, Metro Zu, and SpaceGhostPurrp.
Georg Heinrich Ferdinand Nesselmann
Georg Heinrich Ferdinand Nesselmann  (February 14, 1811 in Fürstenau, near Tiegenhof, West Prussia (now Kmiecin, within Nowy Dwór Gdański) – January 7, 1881 in Königsberg) was a German orientalist, a philologist with interests in Baltic languages, and a mathematics historian.

At the University of Königsberg he studied mathematics under Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi and Friedrich Julius Richelot, and oriental philology under Peter von Bohlen. In 1837 he received his PhD at Königsberg, where in 1859 he became a full professor of Arabic and Sanskrit.

In his book "Die Sprache der alten Preußen" (The language of the Old Prussians, 1845), he suggested the term "Baltic languages".

Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (/dʒəˈkoʊbi/; German: [jaˈkoːbi]; 10 December 1804 – 18 February 1851) was a German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, determinants and number theory.
Weddinger Opposition
The Weddinger opposition (also known as the Weber group, more rarely Wedding-Palatinate opposition) was a group of the ultra-left wing of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) that was formed in 1924. From 1928 onwards, the KPD leadership acted with numerous party expulsions against the group, which had been organized as a parliamentary group in the KPD since 1926. The group had around 2000 members in 1927; their strongholds were in the Berlin district of Wedding, in the Palatinate, which belongs to Bavaria, and in western Saxony.

Ultra-leftism
In Marxism, ultra-leftism encompasses a broad spectrum of revolutionary Marxist currents. Ultra-leftism distinguishes itself from other left-wing currents through its rejection of electoralism, trade unionism, and national liberation. The term is sometimes used as a synonym of Italian left communism. "Ultra-left" is also commonly used as a pejorative by Marxist–Leninists and Trotskyists to refer to extreme or uncompromising Marxist sects.
Na Sung-bum
Na Sung-bum (Korean: 나성범, born October 3, 1989) is a South Korean outfielder for the Kia Tigers of the KBO League. He bats and throws left-handed. Na was selected tenth overall by the NC Dinos in the 2012 KBO Draft.

NC Dinos
The NC Dinos (Korean: NC 다이노스) are a South Korean professional baseball team based in Changwon. They are a member of the KBO League. Since 2019, their home stadium is Changwon NC Park. NC Dinos are owned by video game developer NCSoft Corporation.
Astrocaryum alatum
Astrocaryum alatum is a species of palm with edible nuts, a flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is a common species found many types of rainforests and swamps in Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama.

It is locally known as the coquillo or coquito in Costa Rica.

Astrocaryum standleyanum
Astrocaryum standleyanum is a species of palm known by many common names, including black palm, chonta, chontadura, coquillo, palma negra, pejibaye de montaña, güerre, güérregue, güinul, mocora, pucaishchi (Chachi), chunga (Emberá), and chunga palm. It is native to Central and South America, where its distribution extends from Costa Rica to Ecuador. It is most common in central Panama, even becoming abundant in the tropical forests around the Panama Canal, but in general it is not a common plant.
Pico station
Pico station is an at-grade light rail station on the Los Angeles Metro Rail system located on Flower Street at the intersection of Pico Boulevard. The station also has southbound bus stops on Flower Street, across from the station and northbound bus stops on Figueroa Street, one block to the west. Pico station serves the South Park and Figueroa/Convention District neighborhoods.

Officially named Pico/Chick Hearn station after Chick Hearn, the longtime play-by-play announcer for the Los Angeles Lakers, it was also temporarily renamed "Kobe station" to commemorate professional basketball player Kobe Bryant's last game on April 13, 2016. It was once again temporarily renamed "LeBron Station" to welcome LeBron James to the Lakers.

Los Angeles Convention Center
The Los Angeles Convention Center is a convention center located in the southwest section of Downtown Los Angeles, California, United States. It hosts multiple annual conventions and has often been used as a filming location in TV shows and movies.
Steve Sem-Sandberg
Steve Sem-Sandberg (born 1958) is a Swedish journalist, novelist, non-fiction writer, and translator. He made his literary debut in 1976 with the two science fiction novels Sländornas värld and Sökare i dödsskuggan. He was awarded the Dobloug Prize for fiction in 2005.

He was born in 1958 in Oslo but grew up in Stockholm. He worked at Svenska Dagbladet from 1988 to 2008.

His 2009 novel, The Emperor of Lies, was awarded the August Prize. It recounts the life of the Łódź ghetto and its leader Chaim Rumkowski in Nazi-occupied Poland during World War II.

Daphne Merkin in The New York Times said that he had succeeded in writing "a freshly felt, fully absorbing novel about the Holocaust," an even more difficult task as he was writing about a known historical figure in Rumkowski. By combining both intimate views and overall history, he conveys an effect "both super-realist and surrealist, in the manner of an animated documentary."

Dobloug Prize
The Dobloug Prize (Swedish: Doblougska priset, Norwegian: Doblougprisen) is a literature prize awarded for Swedish and Norwegian fiction. The prize is named after Norwegian businessman and philanthropist Birger Dobloug (1881–1944) pursuant to his bequest. The prize sum is 4 * 150,000 Swedish crowns (2011). The Dobloug Prize is awarded annually  by the Swedish Academy.
Helsinki Ice Hall
The Helsinki Ice Hall (Finnish: Helsingin jäähalli, Swedish: Helsingfors ishall), colloquially called Nordis, is an indoor arena located in the Taka-Töölö neighborhood of Helsinki, Finland. The arena has a seating capacity of 8,200.

Veikkaus Arena
Veikkaus Arena (formerly Hartwall Arena and Helsinki Halli) is a large multi-functional indoor arena located in Helsinki, Finland. It was opened in April 1997 and the arena is convertible for various events. The total seated capacity during ice hockey games is 13,349 (about 14,000 for basketball, for concerts up to 15,000) and as an amphitheatre, it is significantly reduced to between 3,000 and 5,000.

Formerly under Russian ownership, it was closed in 2022 and left unused for over three years due to EU sanctions related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The main sponsor, Hartwall, also ended its sponsorship and the arena's name was changed. In February 2025, the sale of the facility to new owners was concluded, with the arena scheduled to re-open in April or May. In July 2025, the arena's new sponsor name was announced as Veikkaus Arena.
John Alvheim
John Ingolf Alvheim (21 May 1930 – 5 December 2005) was a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party. He was a nurse anesthetist by profession, and served as aid worker in several developing countries during the 1970s. Alvheim was highly respected, also by his political opponents, for his vigorous fight for society's disadvantaged.

Nurse anesthetist
A nurse anesthetist is an advanced practice nurse who administers anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures. They are involved in the administration of anesthesia in a majority of countries, with varying levels of autonomy, which may include some or all anesthesia services before, during, and after surgery. They are also concerned with patient advocacy, safety and professional development. In some localities, nurse anesthetists provide anesthesia to patients independently; in others they do so under the supervision of physicians. The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists was established in 1989 as a forum for developing standards of education, practice, and a code of ethics.
Alvin Wiederspahn
Alvin Wiederspahn (January 18, 1949 – October 24, 2014) was an American politician and attorney who served as a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives (1979–1984) and Wyoming Senate (1985–1988).

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Rockwell J. Flint
Rockwell J. Flint (March 23, 1842 – June 23, 1933) was an American newspaper editor and Republican politician.  He served in the Wisconsin State Senate and Assembly, representing Dunn and Pepin counties.  He served as a quartermaster in the Union Army during the American Civil War and was appointed U.S. marshall for the Western District of Wisconsin by President Theodore Roosevelt.

United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin
43°04′25″N 89°23′21″W﻿ / ﻿43.0737°N 89.3891°W﻿ / 43.0737; -89.3891

The United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin (in case citations, W.D. Wis.) is a federal court in the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The district was established on June 30, 1870.

As of July 1, 2025 the acting United States attorney is Chadwick M. Elgersma.
Julien Paul
Georges Julien Paul (born 7 January 1996) is a Mauritian badminton player. Paul took part at the 2014 African Youth Games, and won three gold medals in the individual event. He was part of the national team that won the gold medal at the 2015 African Games. Paul won the men's singles title at the 2018 and 2020 African Championships.

He competed at the 2014, 2018 and 2022 Commonwealth Games. Paul won a gold medal in the men's doubles, a silver in the singles, and a bronze in the mixed doubles at the 2019 African Games. At the All Africa Senior Championships in 2024, held in Cairo Egypt, Paul clinched Silver medal in Men's Singles.

Paul also represented Mauritius at the 2020 Summer Olympics and at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Badminton at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Badminton events at the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast, Australia took place between Thursday 5 April and Sunday 15 April at the Carrara Sports and Leisure Centre.

Badminton is one of ten core sports at the Commonwealth Games and has been continuously held at the Games since its first appearance at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica. The badminton programme in 2018 included men's and women's singles competitions; men's, women's and mixed doubles competitions alongside a mixed team event throughout the 11 days of competition. The draw for the mixed team event was held on 6 February at The Star Gold Coast.
2025 NASCAR Mexico Series
The 2025 NASCAR Mexico Series was the eighteenth season of the NASCAR Mexico Series, a regional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in Mexico. It was the twenty-first season of the series as a NASCAR-sanctioned series. It began with a race at the Super Óvalo Potosino on 2 March and concluded with a race at the Autódromo Miguel E. Abed on 9 November.

Rubén García Jr. entered the season as defending champion, having won his fifth title in 2024.

Alex de Alba won his first Mexico Series championship.

Super Óvalo Potosino
The Super Óvalo Potosino (formerly Autódromo Potosino) is a half-mile paved oval located near the city of San Luis Potosí in Mexico.

The track was opened in 1983 as a 0.770 mi (1.239 km) road course. It was built by Promotodo, an enterprise owned by Michel Jourdain Sr., which organized the defunct Marlboro Cup, which was arguably the most important racing series in the country at that time.

In 2005, after several years of not being used, the track was rebuilt as a half-mile oval to host NASCAR events.

The track is used primarily by the NASCAR Mexico Series. A few local events are also held.

In 2009, due to the swine flu outbreak, they cancelled the race that was supposed to be held on May 3; the race was rescheduled for August 16 and was won by Jorge Goeters.
Darkness Visible: A Study of Vergil's Aeneid
Darkness Visible: A Study of Vergil's Aeneid is an academic monograph by the American Latinist W. R. Johnson. Published in 1976 by University of California Press, the book presents an interpretation of the Aeneid, an epic by the Roman poet Vergil. Claiming to abandon previously dominant historical-political reading, Johnson argues that the poem is at its heart concerned with the darkness of the human condition.

Darkness Visible was met with mixed reviews with commentators praising its central claims but criticising its argumentation, style, and bibliographic documentation. The book is also credited with coining the term "Harvard School" to describe a brand of pessimistic Vergil scholarship produced in the English-speaking world. Even though the designation established itself in academic discourse, it was rejected in 1995 by one of the school's proponents, Wendell Clausen.

Human condition
The human condition can be defined as the characteristics and key events of human life, including birth, learning, emotion, aspiration, reason, morality, conflict, and death. This is a very broad topic that has been and continues to be pondered and analyzed from many perspectives, including those of art, biology, literature, philosophy, psychology, and religion.

As a literary term, "human condition" is typically used in the context of ambiguous subjects, such as the meaning of life or moral concerns.
Louise Wain
Louise V. Wain is a British genetic epidemiologist and Chair in Respiratory Research at the University of Leicester. Her research considers idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Wain studied the long-term impacts of COVID-19.

University of Leicester
The University of Leicester (/ˈlɛstər/ ⓘ LEST-ər) is a public research university based in Leicester, England. The main campus is south of the city centre, adjacent to Victoria Park. The university's predecessor, University College, Leicester, gained university status in 1957.

The university had an income of £395.0 million in 2024/25, of which £84.9 million was from research grants, with an expenditure of £407.3 million.

The university is known for the invention of genetic fingerprinting, and for partially funding the discovery and the DNA identification of the remains of King Richard III in Leicester.
Marescot Point
Marescot Point (63°29′S 58°35′W﻿ / ﻿63.483°S 58.583°W﻿ / -63.483; -58.583﻿ (Marescot Point)) is a small but distinctive low rocky point projecting north from Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica, 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) east of Thanaron Point.

Trinity Peninsula
Trinity Peninsula, situated at the end of what's sometimes termed Graham Land, is the northernmost part of the Antarctic Peninsula. It extends northeastward for about 130 km (80 mi) to Cape Dubouzet from an imaginary line connecting Cape Kater on the north-west coast and Cape Longing on the south-east coast. Prime Head is the northernmost point of this peninsula. Some 20 kilometers southeast of Prime Head is Hope Bay with the year-round Argentinian Esperanza Base.
Narasimha Naidu
Narasimha Naidu  is a 2001 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by B. Gopal and written by Chinni Krishna. The film stars Nandamuri Balakrishna in the titular role along with Simran, Preeti Jhangiani, Asha Saini and music composed by Mani Sharma.

Narasimha Naidu was released on 11 January 2001 alongside Venkatesh's Devi Putrudu and Chiranjeevi's Mrugaraju, where it received positive reviews from critics and became a huge commercial success at the box office by earning a distributor's share of ₹30 crore on a budget of ₹6-9 crore and was an industry hit at the time. Nandamuri Balakrishna won Nandi Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film. It was remade into Tamil as Ezhumalai (2002) starring Arjun with Simran reprising her role.

Mrugaraju
Mrugaraju (transl. King of the beasts) is a 2001 Indian Telugu-language action adventure film directed by Gunasekhar. The film stars Chiranjeevi, with supporting roles played by Simran, Sanghavi and Nagendra Babu. The music was composed by Mani Sharma. Released during the Sankranthi festival on 11 January 2001, the film was a box-office bomb. The core plot is based on the 1996 American film The Ghost and the Darkness. It was dubbed into Tamil as Vettaikaran and in Hindi as Rakshak - The Protector.
Brainstem stroke syndrome
A brainstem stroke syndrome falls under the broader category of stroke syndromes, or specific symptoms caused by vascular injury to an area of brain (for example, the lacunar syndromes). As the brainstem contains numerous cranial nuclei and white matter tracts, a stroke in this area can have a number of unique symptoms depending on the particular blood vessel that was injured and the group of cranial nerves and tracts that are no longer perfused. Symptoms of a brainstem stroke frequently include sudden vertigo and ataxia, with or without weakness. Brainstem stroke can also cause diplopia, slurred speech and decreased level of consciousness. A more serious outcome is locked-in syndrome.

Weber's syndrome
Weber's syndrome, also known as midbrain stroke syndrome or superior alternating hemiplegia, is a form of stroke that affects the medial portion of the midbrain. It involves oculomotor fascicles in the interpeduncular cisterns and cerebral peduncle so it characterizes the presence of an ipsilateral lower motor neuron type oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia.
Kang Song-san
Kang Song-san (3 March 1931 – 25 June 2000) was a North Korean politician who served as Premier of North Korea from 1984 to 1986 and again from 1992 to 1997. He succeeded Ri Jong-ok in his first term and Yon Hyong-muk in his second term.

Ri Jong-ok
Ri Jong-ok (10 January 1916 – 23 September 1999) was a North Korean politician who served as the premier of North Korea from 1977 to 1984.

He was elected to the Presidium at the 6th WPK Congress in 1980.

He was appointed as Vice President of North Korea by the Supreme People's Assembly in January 1984 and he left the office in October 1997.

Ri died on 23 September 1999. On his funeral committee were Kim Yong-nam, Pak Song-chol, Hong Song-nam and others. He was the recipient of the Order of Kim Il Sung, Order of the National Flag (first class), Order of Freedom and Independence (first class) and other honors.
Galin Nikov
Galin Nikov (Bulgarian: Галин Ников; born 25 November 1968) is a retired Bulgarian pole vaulter.

He finished thirteenth at the 1990 European Indoor Championships and twelfth at the 1991 World Championships. He also won gold medals at the 1990 and 1992 Balkan Games.

His personal best jump was 5.65 metres, achieved in July 1992 in Sofia. This ranks him seventh among Bulgarian pole vaulters, behind Spas Bukhalov, Atanas Tarev, Nikolay Nikolov, Stanimir Penchev, Delko Lesov and Ilian Efremov. The same jump height was achieved by Ivo Yanchev and Valentin Videv.

Stanimir Penchev
Stanimir Penchev (Bulgarian: Станимир Пенчев; born 19 February 1959) is a retired Bulgarian pole vaulter.

He finished ninth at the 1987 European Indoor Championships.

His personal best jump was 5.70 metres, achieved in August 1986 in Sofia. This ranks him fourth among Bulgarian pole vaulters, behind Spas Bukhalov, Atanas Tarev, Nikolay Nikolov, and joint with Iliyan Efremov and Delko Lesev.