hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Discourse
Discourse is a generalization of the notion of a conversation to any form of communication. Discourse is a major topic in social theory, with work spanning fields such as sociology, anthropology, continental philosophy, and discourse analysis. Following work by Michel Foucault, these fields view discourse as a system of thought, knowledge, or communication that constructs our world experience. Since control of discourse amounts to control of how the world is perceived, social theory often studies discourse as a window into power. Within theoretical linguistics, discourse is understood more narrowly as linguistic information exchange and was one of the major motivations for the framework of dynamic semantics. In these expressions, denotations are equated with their ability to update a discourse context.

Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the ability to influence or direct the actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force (coercion) by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions).

Power may also take structural forms, as it orders actors in relation to one another (such as distinguishing between a master and an enslaved person, a householder and their relatives, an employer and their employees, a parent and a child, a political representative and their voters, etc.), and discursive forms, as categories and language may lend legitimacy to some behaviors and groups over others. The term authority is often used for power that is perceived as legitimate or socially approved by the social structure. Scholars have distinguished between soft power and hard power.
Brian Stock (footballer)
Brian Benjamin Stock (born 24 December 1981) is a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder and was the assistant manager of Hanoi FC. Born in England, Stock represented Wales at international level.

Hanoi FC
Hanoi Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ bóng đá Hà Nội), is a professional football club based in Hanoi, Vietnam. They play their home matches at Hàng Đẫy Stadium and compete in V.League 1, the top division in the Vietnamese football league system. The club was founded in 2006 as T&T Hanoi Football Club, later renamed Hanoi T&T Football Club in 2010, before adopting its current name in 2016.

Domestically, Hanoi FC have won a record 6 V.League 1 titles, 3 Vietnamese Cups, and a record 5 Vietnamese Super Cups. In international football, the club has participated in seven editions of Asian competitions to date, most notably reaching the AFC Cup inter-zone play-off final in 2019.
John Andrew Barnes III
John Andrew Barnes III (April 16, 1945 – November 12, 1967) was a soldier of the United States Army during the Vietnam War. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Dak To.

Adopted as a child, Barnes joined the army after graduating from Dedham High School in 1964. After serving in the Dominican Civil War and completing a tour of duty in Vietnam, he volunteered to go back to the war. During Barnes' second tour, his unit came under attack during the Battle of Dak To. Barnes was killed when he jumped on a grenade to save the lives of wounded comrades. For "conspicuous gallantry" that was "above and beyond the call of duty", Barnes received the Medal of Honor.

Dedham High School
Dedham High School is a public high school in Dedham, Massachusetts, United States, and a part of the Dedham Public Schools district. The school was founded in 1851 by the oldest public school system in the country. It earned a silver medal from U.S. News & World Report in 2017, ranked as the 48th-best high school in Massachusetts.

In the 2010s, the school saw growth in both the number of students taking Advanced Placement courses and in qualifying scores on the exams. It ranks in the top 10 of Massachusetts high schools with 26.6 percent of students taking at least one AP exam during the 2015-16 school year. The school's athletic program offers 26 varsity sports with a mascot known as the Marauder, and 26 co-curricular clubs and activities. Each student receives a personal computer from the school.
2004 Worcester City Council election
The 2004 Worcester City Council election took place on 10 June 2004 to elect members of Worcester City Council in Worcestershire, England. The whole council was up for election with boundary changes since the last election in 2003 reducing the number of seats by one. The Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

2003 Worcester City Council election
The 2003 Worcester City Council election took place on 1 May 2003 to elect members of Worcester City Council in Worcestershire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party gained overall control of the council from no overall control.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Conservative 19

Labour 10

Independent 5

Liberal Democrat 2
Protram 405N
The Protram 405N (type designation given by the manufacturer and used by the operator – 405N, other designations include 405N-Kr and 405Kr) is a prototype tram built between 2011 and 2012 at the Protram factory in Wrocław, specifically for MPK Kraków. The vehicle was created by modernizing three 105Na type vehicles manufactured at the Konstal plant in Chorzów, which were connected by two low-floor sections based on pivot joints. Only one unit was produced. Due to a change in the operator's policy, further modernization of this type was discontinued, and the decision was made to purchase new trams instead.

Konstal
Alstom Konstal is a company based in Chorzów, Poland producing rail vehicles, in particular metro cars and trams, as well as components for trains.

In 1864, the plant was founded as part of the Royal Steelworks in Chorzów and in 1917, it was excluded from its structures as a separate enterprise. During World War II, the factory belonged to the Reichswerke Hermann Göring produced for the needs of the army of the Third Reich, while during the Communist Period, as the Chorzów Steel Structures Factory Konstal, it was the main supplier of trams for Poland. In 1995, the company's shares were transferred to the National Investment Funds, after which the plant began cooperation with the Linke-Hofmann-Busch factory belonging to the French Alstom concern.

In 1997, the company was bought out by Alstom, and a year later, simultaneously with the change of its name to Alstom, the Polish factory adopted its current name.
Jyllissa Harris
Jyllissa Harris (born April 8, 2000) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for Northern Super League side Ottawa Rapid, on loan from the Houston Dash of the National Women's Soccer League. She played college soccer for the South Carolina Gamecocks.

Houston Dash
The Houston Dash are an American professional soccer team based in Houston, Texas, that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). The Dash began play in the 2014 season. The team plays its home games at Shell Energy Stadium.
Peter Worsley (sport shooter)
Peter Michael Worsley (born 9 January 1968) is an Australian sculptor and Paralympic shooter. He became a quadriplegic following a Rugby Union match during his first year at university. He competed at three successive Paralympic Games from 1996 as well as the 1994 FESPIC Games, European and World Shooting Championships in Spain and Korea, Swiss Open Championships, Oceania and other International and National shooting championships.

FESPIC Games
The FESPIC Games or the Far East and South Pacific Games for the Disabled, was a multi-sport event in Asia and the South Pacific region which is considered to be a precursor to the Asian Para Games, as two of its edition games in 1999 (7th) and 2002 (8th) were held parallel to the 1998 Asian Games and the 2002 Asian Games.

The event which started in 1975 was held nine times, and last contested in December 2006 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Gio Garbelini
Giovana Queiroz Costa Garbelini (born 21 June 2003), known as Gio Queiroz or simply Gio, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga F club Atlético Madrid, and the Brazil women's national team.

Atlético Madrid Femenino
Club Atlético de Madrid Femenino  (commonly known as Atlético Madrid Women or Atleti Femenino) is a Spanish women's football team based in Madrid that play in Liga F, the top tier of Spanish women's football.  It is the women's section of Atlético Madrid.
NBA Radio Network
The NBA Radio Network was the official national radio broadcaster, distributed by Public Interest Affiliates (PIA), a Chicago radio syndication company, of National Basketball Association games (more specifically, a regular season game of the week, the All-Star Game, as many as 31 playoff contests, including all of the conference finals and Finals, and even the draft and lottery) from the 1990–91 through the 1994–95 season. NBA Radio was ultimately supplanted by ESPN Radio.

NBA on ESPN Radio
The NBA on ESPN Radio is a broadcast of National Basketball Association (NBA) games on the ESPN Radio network. The program began on January 21, 1996, while the contracts runs through the same timeframe as its television counterpart.
Reinier d'Ozy
Reinier d'Ozy (also Dozy, or d'Ozij) (Steenwijk, 15 April 1773 - at Sea, near Westkapelle, 1 March 1827) was a Dutch colonial administrator who rose to be a member of the High Government of  the Dutch East Indies.

Westkapelle, Netherlands
Westkapelle (zeelandic: Weskappel, locally: Wasschappell) is a small city in the municipality of Veere on the island Walcheren, in the province Zeeland of the Netherlands. On 1 January 2021, it had a population of 2,632. Westkapelle is on the westernmost tip of Walcheren and is surrounded by the sea on three sides.

Westkapelle was a separate municipality from 1816 until 1997, when it was merged with Veere.
The Brasher Doubloon
The Brasher Doubloon (known in the UK as The High Window) is a 1947 American crime film noir directed by John Brahm and starring George Montgomery and Nancy Guild. It is based on the 1942 novel The High Window by Raymond Chandler.

Fred MacMurray, Victor Mature, and Dana Andrews were all mentioned at different times as having been cast as Philip Marlowe in the film before the studio settled on George Montgomery, appearing in the final film of his 20th Century Fox contract.

The High Window had already been adapted for film in 1942 as a Michael Shayne adventure starring Lloyd Nolan.

Dana Andrews
Carver Dana Andrews (January 1, 1909 – December 17, 1992) was an American film actor who became a major star in what is now known as film noir and later in Western films. A leading man during the 1940s, he continued acting in less prestigious roles and character parts into the 1980s. He is best known for his portrayal of obsessed police detective Mark McPherson in the noir mystery Laura (1944) and his critically acclaimed performance as World War II veteran Fred Derry returning home in The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).
Ron Schipper
Ronald Maurice "Skip" Schipper (August 7, 1928 –  March 27, 2006) was an American football coach and college athletics administrator. He served as the head football coach at Central College in Pella, Iowa from 1961 to 1996, compiling a record of 287–67–3. His 1974 Central Dutch football team won an NCAA Division III football championship. Schipper was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2000.

NCAA Division III football championship
The NCAA Division III football championship is an American college football tournament played annually to determine a champion at the NCAA Division III level. It was first held in 1973, as a single-elimination playoff with eight teams. Over the past 50 seasons, the number of participants has grown to 40. In 2025, 27 playoff bids went to conference champions via automatic qualification, leaving 13 places for at-large selections.

The Division III championship game, known as the Amos Alonzo Stagg Bowl or Stagg Bowl (named after football coach Amos Alonzo Stagg), was held at Shell Energy Stadium in Houston, Texas in 2024. Other Stagg Bowl sites have included Annapolis, Maryland (2022), Canton, Ohio (2021, 2025, 2027), Shenandoah, Texas (2018–2019), Salem, Virginia (1993–2017, 2023, 2026), Bradenton, Florida (1990–1992), Phenix City, Alabama (1973–1982, 1985–1989), and Kings Island, Ohio (1983–1984).
Kopexil
Kopexil (INCI name diaminopyrimidine oxide, trade name Aminexil) is a chemical compound similar to minoxidil. Minoxidil was originally used to treat high blood pressure; a side effect was increased body hair. Both compounds have been used for therapy of alopecia. Kopexil is not approved for use as a drug in the United States or in Europe.

Minoxidil
Minoxidil, sold under the brand names Loniten and Rogaine among others, is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure and pattern hair loss. It is an antihypertensive and a vasodilator. It is available as a generic medication by prescription in oral tablet form and over-the-counter as a topical liquid or foam.
Assam Administrative Staff College
The Assam Administrative Staff College  (AASC ) is a civil service  training institute for Assam Administrative  Service Cadre  on public policy and public administration in Assam and for conducting Civil Service Foundation Programme of other allied civil services in Assam. Operated by the Government of Assam, AASC is located in Guwahati, Assam.

Government of Assam
The Government of Assam or Assam Government abbreviated as GoAS, is the state government of  the Indian state of Assam. It consists of the Governor appointed by the President of India as the head of the state, currently Lakshman Prasad Acharya. The head of government is the Chief Minister, currently Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma, who is the leader of the group that commands a majority in the unicameral Assam Legislative Assembly. The Assam Assembly is elected by universal adult suffrage for a period of five years. The Chief Minister is assisted by a Council of Ministers that he nominates, the size of which is restricted.

In 2021, the National Democratic Alliance won a majority of seats in the legislature, with 75 seats, followed by Congress with 29 seats and AIUDF with 16.
Bird egg
Bird eggs are laid by the females and range in quantity from one (as in condors) to up to seventeen (the grey partridge). Clutch size may vary latitudinally within a species. Some birds lay eggs even when the eggs have not been fertilized; it is not uncommon for pet owners to find their lone bird nesting on a clutch of infertile eggs, which are sometimes called wind-eggs.

Avian clutch size
Clutch size refers to the number of eggs laid in a single brood by a nesting pair of birds. The numbers laid by a particular species in a given location are usually well defined by evolutionary trade-offs with many factors involved, including resource availability and energetic constraints. Several patterns of variation have been noted and the relationship between latitude and clutch size has been a topic of interest in avian reproduction and evolution. David Lack and R.E. Moreau were among the first to investigate the effect of latitude on the number of eggs per nest. Since Lack's first paper in the mid-1940s there has been extensive research on the pattern of increasing clutch size with increasing latitude. The proximate and ultimate causes for this pattern have been a subject of intense debate involving the development of ideas on group, individual, and gene-centric views of selection.
Ricky Lee (American football)
Ricky Lee III (born June 11, 1999) is an American professional football offensive tackle for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the North Carolina Central Eagles before transferring to the North Carolina A&T Aggies. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Carolina Panthers after the 2023 NFL draft.

2023 NFL draft
The 2023 NFL draft was the 88th annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible players for the 2023 season. The draft was held outside of Union Station in Kansas City, Missouri, from April 27–29, 2023.

The Chicago Bears originally owned the first pick for the first time since 1947 before trading it prior to the draft to the Carolina Panthers for multiple draft picks and wide receiver D. J. Moore. The Panthers selected Alabama quarterback Bryce Young first overall and the Los Angeles Rams selected Desjuan Johnson with the final pick.
Lew Chudd
Lewis Robert Chudd (July 11, 1911 – June 15, 1998) was an American record label and radio executive who founded Imperial Records in 1946. The record company was influential in the development of rock and roll, with a roster of musicians including Fats Domino, Slim Whitman, Chris Kenner, Sandy Nelson, and Ricky Nelson.

Chris Kenner
Christophe Kenner (December 25, 1929 – January 25, 1976) was an American, New Orleans–based R&B singer and songwriter, best known for two hit singles in the early 1960s, "I Like It Like That" and "Land of 1000 Dances", which became staples in the repertoires of many other musicians.
Jacob van Werden
Jacob van Werden or Jacques van Weerden (fl, 1643 – before 20 August 1669), was a Flemish draughtsman, cartographer, military engineer and archer who was active in the Habsburg Netherlands. His drawings were used as designs for prints executed by various printmakers.  He worked on maps, topographical views, historical scenes, portraits and book illustrations.  He had a career as a military engineer and a member of the guard of the Spanish King. He advised on various military engineering projects and was an engineer of the army of the Spanish army under Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria at the siege of Landrecies in 1648.

Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (5 January 1614 – 20 November 1662), younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand III, was an Austrian soldier, administrator and patron of the arts.

He held a number of military commands, with limited success, and served as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands,  before returning to Vienna in 1656. Despite being nominated as Holy Roman Emperor after Ferdinand's death in 1657, he stood aside in favour of his nephew Leopold I.

His main interest was in art, and he patronised artists including David Teniers the Younger, Frans Snyders, Peter Snayers, Daniel Seghers, Peter Franchoys, Frans Wouters, Jan van den Hoecke and Pieter Thijs. His collection of 17th century Venetian and Dutch paintings are now held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
Krasiński Palace
The Krasiński Palace (Polish: Pałac Krasińskich), also known as the Palace of the Commonwealth (Polish: Pałac Rzeczypospolitej), is a reconstructed Baroque palace in Warsaw, Poland, on Krasiński Square (Plac Krasińskich). Initially erected between 1677 and 1683 for the powerful Krasiński family, it was heavily damaged during World War II and rebuilt in the mid-20th century.

Załuski Library
The Załuski Library (Polish: Biblioteka Załuskich, Latin: Bibliotheca Zalusciana) established in Warsaw in 1747 by Józef Andrzej Załuski and his brother, Andrzej Stanisław Załuski, both Roman Catholic bishops, was a public library nationalized and renamed upon its founders' death into the Załuski Library of the Commonwealth (Polish: Biblioteka Rzeczypospolitej Załuskich) which existed until the final demise of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.
Syed Abdus Samad
Syed Abdus Samad (1942 – 28 July 2021) was a teacher of economics. He was a faculty member at the University of Dhaka, Boston State College, Boston University, the University of the South Pacific, and the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South Korea. Samad worked as a national and international civil servant, economist, and human rights activist. In Bangladesh, he was the permanent secretary to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and a principal secretary to the Prime Minister. Samad was the executive chairman of the Bangladesh Board of Investment.

Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (abbreviated as HUFS; Korean: 한국외국어대학교) is a private research university in Seoul, South Korea. The university currently teaches 45 foreign languages. In addition, it contains studies in humanities, law, political science, social sciences, business, medical science, natural sciences, and engineering.
Chalga
Chalga (Bulgarian: чалга), often referred to as pop-folk or ethno-pop, is a genre of Bulgarian pop music. Chalga is a folk-inspired dance music genre, with a blend of traditional Bulgarian music along with influences from Greek, Serbian, Turkish, Romani and Arabic music. It is heavily associated with the Bulgarian Romani ethnic minority. It is the most popular form of music in Bulgaria.

Music of Greece
The music of Greece is as diverse and celebrated as its history. Greek music separates into two parts: Greek traditional music and Byzantine music. These compositions have existed for millennia: they originated in the Byzantine period and Greek antiquity; there is a continuous development which appears in the language, the rhythm, the structure and the melody. Music is a significant aspect of Hellenic culture, both within Greece and in the diaspora.
Laurens Vanthoor
Laurens Vanthoor (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlʌurəns fɑnˈtoːr]; born 8 May 1991) is a Belgian professional racing driver currently racing for Porsche Motorsport as a factory driver in the FIA World Endurance Championship. He currently resides in Waiblingen outside of Stuttgart.

Laurens is the older brother of BMW factory driver Dries Vanthoor.

René Rast
René Rast (German pronunciation: [ʁəˈneː ˈʁast]; born 26 October 1986) is a German professional racing driver and the 2017, 2019 and 2020 DTM champion. He last competed in Formula E. He claimed overall wins at the 2012 and 2014 24 Hours of Spa, 2014 24 Hours of Nürburgring and two class wins at the 2012 and 2016 24 Hours of Daytona.
Ministry of Electricity and Energy (Myanmar)
Ministry of Electricity and Energy (Burmese: လျှပ်စစ်နှင့်စွမ်းအင်ဝန်ကြီးဌာန; abbreviated as MOEE) was the ministry of Myanmar composed by two ministries, Electrical Power (MOEP) and Energy (MOE) by President Htin Kyaw. It was reconstituted as MOEP and MOE in May 2022 by SAC.

Ministry of Energy (Myanmar)
The Ministry of Energy (Burmese: စွမ်းအင် ဝန်ကြီးဌာန, 'MOE') is a ministry in the Burmese government responsible for the country's energy sector, in particular exploration of crude oil and natural gas and manufacture and distribution of petrochemicals and petroleum products.
Tomáš Vincour
Tomáš Vincour (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtomaːʃ ˈvɪntsour]; born November 19, 1990) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League for the Dallas Stars, who selected him in the fifth round of the 2009 NHL Entry Draft, and the Colorado Avalanche.

2009 NHL entry draft
The 2009 NHL entry draft was the 47th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 26–27, 2009, at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec. The Draft was part of the Montreal Canadiens' centennial celebrations. NHL teams took turns selecting amateur ice hockey players from junior, collegiate, or European leagues. The New York Islanders, who finished last overall in the 2008–09 NHL season, retained the first overall selection following that year's NHL Draft lottery.

The New York Islanders used the first overall pick to select center John Tavares from the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). The Tampa Bay Lightning used the second pick to draft defenceman Victor Hedman from Modo Hockey of the SEL, and the Colorado Avalanche drafted Matt Duchene of the Brampton Battalion with the third overall pick. Seven Swedes were selected in the first round, an all-time record for the country.

As of 2025 there are 32 active NHL players from this draft.