hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Voice of the Negro
The Voice of the Negro was a literary periodical aimed at a national audience of African Americans which was published from 1904 to 1907. It was created in Atlanta, Georgia in June 1904 by Austin N. Jenkins, the white manager of the publishing company J. L. Nichols and Company. He gave full control of the magazine to the Black editors John W. E. Bowen, Sr. and Jesse Max Barber.

It relocated to Chicago following the Atlanta Race Riot of September 1906, and ceased publication in 1907.
The periodical published writing by Booker T. Washington, as well as work by a younger generation of Black activists and intellectuals: W. E. B. Du Bois, John Hope, Kelly Miller, Mary Church Terrell, and William Pickens. It featured poetry by James D. Corrothers, Georgia Douglas Johnson, and Paul Laurence Dunbar.

William Pickens
William Pickens (January 15, 1881 – April 6, 1954) was an American orator, educator, journalist, and essayist. He wrote multiple articles and speeches, and two autobiographies, The Heir of Slaves (1911) and Bursting Bonds (1923). In the latter book he noted race-motivated attacks on African Americans, both in the urban riots of 1919, which took place across the country, and in lynchings in 1921.

His works called for the liberty and emancipation of African Americans. He devoted much of his life traveling the world as a spokesperson for the freedom of African Americans, and worked to promote the beliefs of scholar W. E. B. Du Bois.
Chromite
Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. It can be represented by the chemical formula of FeCr2O4. It is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. The element magnesium can substitute for iron in variable amounts as it forms a solid solution with magnesiochromite (MgCr2O4). Substitution of the element aluminium can also occur, leading to hercynite (FeAl2O4). Chromite today is mined particularly to make stainless steel through the production of ferrochrome (FeCr), which is an iron-chromium alloy.

Chromite grains are commonly found in large mafic igneous intrusions such as the Bushveld in South Africa and India. Chromite is iron-black in color with a metallic luster, a dark brown streak and a hardness on the Mohs scale of 5.5.

Mafic
A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium-rich varieties of plagioclase feldspar. Mafic materials can also be described as ferromagnesian.
Competition Commission v Mediclinic Southern Africa
Competition Commission of South Africa v Mediclinic Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd and Another is an important decision in South African competition law. It was decided by the Constitutional Court of South Africa on 15 October 2021 with a majority decision written by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng.

The Constitutional Court affirmed a 2019 decision by the Competition Tribunal to prohibit a proposed merger between Mediclinic Southern Africa and Matlosana Medical Health Services. In doing so, it overturned a judgment of the Competition Appeal Court, which it found had improperly interfered in the tribunal's decision and which had not fulfilled its constitutional obligation to interpret the Competition Act, 1998 in a manner that promotes the Bill of Rights.

Competition Appeal Court
The Competition Appeal Court is a specialist South African court that hears appeals from the Competition Tribunal. The court was established by the Competition Act 89, 1998 and has national jurisdiction in matters of South African competition law. Judges of the Competition Appeal Court are judges of the High Court of South Africa and are appointed by the President of South Africa on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission.
Sultanate of Bale
The Sultanate of Bale was a large Muslim sultanate located in the Bale region of southern Ethiopia. It was the largest of the Muslim kingdoms in Ethiopia described by the Muslim geographers al-Umari and al-Makrizi. Along with other sultanates, including Dawaro, Arababni, Hadiya, Shirka, and Dara, Bale became part of the so-called confederation of Zeila. It corresponds roughly to the modern Bale Zone of the Oromia Region in Ethiopia.

Al-Omari
The al-Omari (also spelt Alomari or el-Umari or Omary) (Arabic: العمري) is an Arab clan belonging to the Quraysh tribe that is descended from Umar, the second caliph, or  leader, of the Rashidun Caliphate. Al-Omariyya emigrated from Mecca to Palestine and Mosul, Iraq, and were distributed throughout the Levant, Egypt, and Yemen. Al-Omariyya is a large Arab tribe rooted in history, one of the largest clans in Jordan and Palestine. It led Irbid for a period of time from the main clans of northern Jordan. They are a descendant of the Banu Adi bin Ka’b from Quraish, and they are the sons of Umar from the clans of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The largest in number, their homes extend from Irbid Governorate to Mafraq Governorate, all the way to the Zarqa Governorate district.
The Little Schoolmistress (1934 film)
The Little Schoolmistress (Italian: La maestrina) is a 1934 Italian drama film directed by Guido Brignone and starring Andreina Pagnani,  Renato Cialente and Egisto Olivieri. It was based on a play of the same title by Dario Niccodemi which was again adapted into a 1942 film. It was shot at the Cines Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art director Gastone Medin. Brignone's sister Mercedes Brignone had starred in a 1919 silent film version of the story directed by Eleuterio Rodolfi.

The Little Teacher (1942 film)
The Little Teacher (Italian: La maestrina) is a 1942 Italian drama film directed by Giorgio Bianchi and starring Maria Denis, Nino Besozzi and Elvira Betrone. It was based on a play of the same title by Dario Niccodemi. It was shot at the Cinecittà Studios in Rome and on location around Lake Orta in Piedmont. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Gino Brosio and Ottavio Scotti.
Carl Friedrich Warnstorf
Carl Friedrich Warnstorf (2 December 1837 – 28 February 1921) was a German educator and bryologist specializing in Sphagnum studies.

He received his education at the teaching seminar in Neuzelle (1855–1858), afterwards worked as a school teacher in Arnswalde (1859 to 1867), and Neuruppin (1867 to 1899). During this time he published three bryophyte exsiccatae and from 1896 to 1910 with Max Fleischer the forth series named Bryotheca Europaea Meridionalis. Following retirement from teaching he settled in Berlin. In 1917, he was awarded with the title of professor. During World War II his herbarium of 30,000 items was destroyed in the midst of the bombing of Berlin (1943).

The genus Warnstorfia was named in his honor by bryologist Leopold Loeske (1865–1935).

Leopold Loeske
Leopold Loeske (24 October 1865, Hohensalza – 29 March 1935, Bad Harzburg) was a German watchmaker and amateur bryologist.

A skilled watchmaker, he was self-taught as a bryologist, collecting moss specimens in Germany, Switzerland and the French Alps during his career. Following World War I, he spent eight years working as a correspondent for a commercial institution due to financial struggles. He joined the British Bryological Society in 1934.

He died at Bad Harzburg while on a collection excursion in the Harz Mountains.

The moss genera Loeskeobryum (M.Fleisch. ex Broth. 1925) and Loeskypnum (H.K.G.Paul, 1916) are both named in his honor.
2005 Tasmanian Legislative Council periodic election
Periodic elections for the Tasmanian Legislative Council were held on 1 May 2005. The three seats up for election were Murchison, held by independent MLC Tony Fletcher; Paterson, held by independent MLC Don Wing; and Rumney, held by Labor MLC Lin Thorp. Paterson was last contested in 2000, while Murchison and Rumney were last contested in 1999.

Tony Fletcher (politician)
Anthony William Fletcher (27 October 1934 – 27 August 2020) was an Australian politician. He was an Independent member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council from 1981 to 2005, representing first Russell and then Murchison.

Fletcher, who was born in Hobart, first entered the Council in 1981; although an Independent, he served as Leader of the Liberal Government in the Legislative Council from 1986–89 (during Robin Gray's premiership) and from 1996–98 (Tony Rundle's premiership). In 1999, the seat of Russell was replaced with Murchison, which Fletcher won. He retired from the Legislative Council in 2005.

The ashes of beloved Smithton Magpies CHFA legend Tony Fletcher were scattered in the railway end pack pocket of the Smithton football ground on April 10, 2022 as part of a Magpies’ reunion following a request from his family.
Mr Fletcher guided the club to nine premierships in the competition as playing coach between 1958 and 1968.
Kurt Schröder
Kurt Schröder (1888–1962) was a German composer and conductor. Schröder composed a number of film scores. During the 1930s he worked in Britain for Alexander Korda's London Film Productions, and scored the company's breakthrough hit The Private Life of Henry VIII in 1933.

The Private Life of Henry VIII
The Private Life of Henry VIII is a 1933 British biographical drama film directed and co-produced by Alexander Korda and starring Charles Laughton, Robert Donat, Merle Oberon and Elsa Lanchester. It was written by Lajos Bíró and Arthur Wimperis for London Film Productions, Korda's production company. The film, which focuses on the marriages of King Henry VIII of England, was a major international success, establishing Korda as a leading filmmaker and Laughton as a box-office star.
Eusthenia
Eusthenia is a genus of stonefly in the family Eustheniidae. It is endemic to Australia, with most species native to Tasmania.

It contains the following species: E. brachyptera is considered a subspecies of E. venosa and Eusthenia extensa or Eusthenia purpurescens are considered E. costalis.

Eusthenia costalis TAS

Eusthenia lacustris TAS

Eusthenia nothofagi (Otway stonefly) VIC

Eusthenia reticulata TAS

Eusthenia spectabilis TAS

Eusthenia venosa ACT NSW VIC

Plecoptera
Plecoptera is an order of insects commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin.

Plecoptera are found in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, and the populations are quite distinct, although the evolutionary evidence suggests species may have crossed the equator on a number of occasions before once again becoming geographically isolated.

All species of Plecoptera are intolerant of water pollution, and the presence of their nymphs in a stream or still water is usually an indicator of good or excellent water quality.
Celebrity Bluff
Celebrity Bluff is a Philippine television comedy game show broadcast by GMA Network. Hosted by Eugene Domingo, it premiered on November 17, 2012. The show originally featured Jose Manalo and Wally Bayola as the original "Gangnammms" (also known as "Celebrity Bluffers"), which later consisted of Celebrity Bluffers, Boobay and Brod Pete. The show concluded on June 30, 2018, with a total of 16 seasons and 213 episodes.

The show is streaming online on YouTube.

Jose Manalo
Ariel Pagtalonia Manalo (born February 12, 1966), known professionally as Jose Manalo (Tagalog: [hoˈse mɐˈnɐlɔ]), is a Filipino actor, director, and comedian best known for appearing regularly on the noon-time variety show Eat Bulaga! on GMA Network and now on TV5. He is also known for his stand-up performances.
Hagi Reverberatory Furnace
The Hagi Reverberatory Furnace (萩反射炉, Hagi hansharo) is the ruins of an Edo period reverberatory furnace erected by Chōshū Domain in what is now the Chintō neighborhood of the city of Hagi, Yamaguchi in the San'yō region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site in 1924. and was later designed as a component of the Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining, which received UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 2015.

Chōshū Domain
The Chōshū Domain (長州藩, Chōshū-han), also known as the Hagi Domain (萩藩, Hagi-han), was a domain (han) of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871.

The Chōshū Domain was based at Hagi Castle in Nagato Province, in the modern city of Hagi, located in the Chūgoku region of the island of Honshu. The Chōshū Domain was ruled for its existence by the tozama daimyō of the Mōri, whose branches also ruled the neighboring Chōfu and Kiyosue domains and was assessed under the Kokudaka system with peak value of 369,000 koku. The Chōshū Domain was the most prominent anti-Tokugawa domain and formed the Satchō Alliance with the rival Satsuma Domain during the Meiji Restoration, becoming instrumental in the establishment of the Empire of Japan and the Meiji oligarchy. The Chōshū Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 by the Meiji government and its territory was absorbed into Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Irish Tour '74 (film)
Irish Tour '74 is a film directed by Tony Palmer. It documents Rory Gallagher's tour of Ireland in 1974. Gallagher toured at a time of great political turmoil and violence. Gallagher's band at the time was  Gerry McAvoy on bass guitar, Lou Martin on keyboards and Rod de'Ath on drums.

Lou Martin
Louis Michael Martin (12 August 1949 – 17 August 2012) was a piano and organ player from Belfast, Northern Ireland. He was an original member of the London-based band Killing Floor, and also worked with fellow Irish musician Rory Gallagher.
Fine Sani
Fine Sani Vea (born 19 November 1959) is a Tongan boxer. He competed in the men's light heavyweight event at the 1984 Summer Olympics, losing his first bout to Georgică Donici of Romania. Sani won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1982 Commonwealth Games while representing Fiji despite not having Fijian citizenship.

Georgică Donici
Georgică Donici (born 27 April 1957) is a retired Romanian amateur boxer. He competed in the light-heavyweight division at the 1980 and 1984 Olympics and was eliminated in quarterfinals on both occasions.
Duck opening
In shogi, the Duck or Duck Legs (アヒル ahiru) opening is a surprise Static Rook position characterized by a Duck castle and formation similar to a Double Wing Attack opening that transitions to a Twisting Rook-like position. It is typically used in a Double Static Rook game; however, there is a variation for playing against a Ranging Rook opponent.

The opening may be played by amateurs, but is not used by professional players.

Essentially, the opening tries to trade the major pieces to get them in hand in order to drop them within the opponent's camp. Since the Duck castle is defending broadly against major piece drops, this situation can favor the Duck player. Failing the piece exchange, the Duck opening typically aims for an edge attack to break through their opponent's camp.

Double Wing Attack
In shogi, Double Wing Attack or simply Wing Attack or Centre Game (Japanese: 相掛かり or 相懸り, romanized: aigakari, lit. 'Mutual attack') is a Double Static Rook opening in which both sides directly advance their rook pawns forward on the second and eighth files toward their opponent's bishop often with the first several moves on each side being identical or very similar.

Double Wing Attack, which has been played since the Edo period, has been known as a strategy prone to fierce battles due to the lack of a well-developed joseki. However, with the development of computer shogi in the late 2010s including programs such as AlphaZero adopting Double Attack, there has been further progress in the josekis for this opening, which has led to its adoption in most professional title games in 2021 highlighting its importance.
Kot Nijabat
Kot Nijabat (Urdu: كوٹ نجابت) is a village of Bhawana city of Chiniot District in Punjab, Pakistan. The village is located 4 km away from New Lari Adda (new bus stand) of Bhawana on the Jhang–Chiniot Road towards Chiniot.

Bhawana
Bhawana (also spelled as Bhowana) (Punjabi: بھوآنہ, Urdu: بھوانہ) is a city and administrative capital of Bhawana Tehsil of Chiniot District in Punjab, Pakistan. It is located on the bank of the Chenab river, bounded by the cities of Faisalabad, Jhang, and Chiniot.
El Manaqil
El Manaqil (Arabic: المناقل), or Al Managil is a city in Al Jazirah state in the Sudan. Its population as of the controversial 2008 census was 99,775. Some estimates say the population is about 143,000; World Gazetteer estimated it in 2012 at 137,739. Either way, it is the second largest city in Al Jazirah state after Wad Medani. It is also the capital of the El Manaqil District (subdivision of the Sudanese states).

The town was heavily affected by the 2022 Sudan floods.

Wad Madani
Wad Madani (Arabic: ود مدني, romanized: Wad Madanī; also spelled Wad Medani and known simply as Madani) is a city in Central  Sudan and the capital of the Al Jazirah state. Wad Madani lies on the west bank of the Blue Nile, nearly 85 miles (136 km) southeast of Khartoum. It is linked by rail to Khartoum and is the center of a cotton-growing region. The city is also the center of local trade in wheat, peanuts, barley, and livestock. It is also headquarters of the Irrigation Service. In 2008, its population was 345,290. It is home to the University of Gezira, the second biggest public university in Sudan. It also has Wad Medani Ahlia University, a private university.
Korsvik
Korsvik (former: Korsvig) is an urban area in Kristiansand municipality in Agder county, Norway. The urban area is located on the east side of the Topdalsfjorden, about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) east of the city center of Kristiansand. It is located in the districts of Søm and Randesund, south of the European route E18 highway and the Varodd Bridge. The 7.22-square-kilometre (1,780-acre) village has a population (2016) of 16,820 which gives the village a population density of 2,330 inhabitants per square kilometre (6,000/sq mi).

Randesund
Randesund is a village and district within the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The district is located within the borough of Oddernes along the southern coastline between the two fjords Kvåsefjorden and Topdalsfjorden and south of the districts of Søm and Hånes. There are several small islands just off the coast of Randesund, including Dvergsøya, Randøya, and Herøya, all popular tourist destinations. The village of Randesund is located in the central part of the district and it is the site of Randesund Church. There was a separate municipality of Randesund (larger than the present-day district) that existed from 1893 until 1965.
Jason Qareqare
Jason Qareqare (Fijian pronunciation: [ŋɡareŋɡare]; born 26 January 2004) is a Fijian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a winger or fullback for Castleford Tigers in the Super League.

He has spent time on loan or dual registration at Bradford Bulls in the RFL Championship, and at Midlands Hurricanes in RFL League 1.

Midlands Hurricanes
The Midlands Hurricanes are a semi-professional rugby league club based in Birmingham, West Midlands, England. They were founded in 2021 and took over the professional franchise owned by Coventry Bears previously entering the third tier of the British rugby league system, currently known as League One in 2015.
Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986
The Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986 is a New Zealand Act of Parliament that broadly legalised consensual sexual practices between men as well as consensual anal sex regardless of partners' gender. It removed the provisions of the Crimes Act 1961 that criminalised this behaviour. The legislation established a uniform age of consent, setting it at 16 for both same-sex and opposite-sex partners.

Before Homosexual Law Reform, male homosexual acts had faced severe legal penalties in New Zealand, evolving from capital punishment to life imprisonment and hard labour. Despite initial attempts at decriminalisation in the 1970s, it was not until the landmark 1986 Act that consensual same-sex activities were decriminalised, marking a significant progressive shift in the country's approach to LGBT rights.

Same-sex marriage in New Zealand
Same-sex marriage has been legal in New Zealand since 19 August 2013. A bill for legalisation, the Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Act 2013, was passed by the House of Representatives on 17 April 2013 by 77 votes to 44 and received royal assent on 19 April. It entered into force on 19 August, to allow time for the Department of Internal Affairs to make the necessary changes for marriage licensing and related documentation. New Zealand was the first country in Oceania, the fourth in the Southern Hemisphere, and the fifteenth in the world to allow same-sex couples to marry. Civil unions have also been available to both same-sex and opposite-sex couples since 2005.

The New Zealand Parliament can enact marriage laws only in regard to New Zealand proper and the Ross Dependency in Antarctica. The three other territories making up the Realm of New Zealand—the Cook Islands, Niue, and Tokelau—do not recognise same-sex marriage or civil unions.
Hustle (Nigerian TV series)
Hustle is Africa Magic Nigeria television drama, and comedy series starring Seun Ajayi, Sola Sobowale, Seyi Law, Stephanie Coker, Dorcas Shola-Fapson, Maurice Sam, Elvis Poko, Deborah Anugwa, John Joshua, Afeez Oyetoro, and Tobi Bakre.

Tobi Bakre
Tobi BakreListenⓘ (born 1 June 1994) is a Nigerian actor, model, host, compere, and photographer. (Not to be confused with British actor Tobi Bakare). Tobi rose to fame after finishing up as a finalist in the Big Brother Naija (season 3) reality TV show in 2018.
Holiday Inn (musical)
Holiday Inn (also known as Holiday Inn, The New Irving Berlin Musical) is a musical based on the Paramount Pictures 1942 film of the same name. The libretto is by Gordon Greenberg and Chad Hodge, with music and lyrics by Irving Berlin. The musical opened on Broadway in 2016 after premiering at the Goodspeed Opera House in 2014.

Goodspeed Musicals
Goodspeed Musicals is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and advancement of musical theater and the creation of new works, located in East Haddam, Connecticut. Its landmark Goodspeed Opera House is a distinctive feature of the view from the Connecticut River and is the birthplace of some of the world's most famous musicals, including Annie, Man of La Mancha, and Shenandoah.

Goodspeed Musicals also includes the Norma Terris Theatre in Chester as well as several writing and performing seminars. Goodspeed Musicals is considered one of the foremost regional theaters in the United States to date producing 250 musicals, over 70 world premieres, and sending 21 productions to Broadway.  Goodspeed Musicals is the first regional theatre in America to earn two special Tony Awards, one in 1980 for outstanding contributions to the American musical and a second in 1995 for distinguished achievement for a regional theatre.