hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Soper
George Albert Soper II (2 February 1870 – 17 June 1948) was an American sanitation engineer and epidemiologist. He specialized in the investigation of water- and food-borne disease and urban sanitation, and is best known for identifying Mary Mallon (Typhoid Mary) as the first recognized asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever in the United States.

Over a career that ranged from the Galveston hurricane of 1900 to the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic and early national cancer campaigns, Soper held senior positions in municipal and military public health, served as managing director of the American Society for the Control of Cancer (later the American Cancer Society), and wrote influential articles on epidemic control and waste disposal.

American Cancer Society
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a nationwide non-profit organization dedicated to eliminating cancer. The ACS publishes the journals Cancer, CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians and Cancer Cytopathology.
Ghaffari family
The Ghaffari family (Persian: خاندان غفاری) is an Iranian family of artists, jurists and bureaucrats from Kashan.

Notable members include:

Abu'l-Hasan Mostawfi Ghaffari (died c. 1797/98)

Khorshid Khanum Ghaffari (fl. 1834/1835)

Farrokh Khan (1812–1871)

Mirza Hashem Khan Ghaffari (died 1877)

Abu'l-Hasan Sani al-Mulk (1814–1866)

Abu Torab Ghaffari (died 1890)

Yahya Ghaffari (died between 1894–1905)

Kamal-ol-molk (1848–1940)

Mohammad-Ebrahim Khan Ghaffari (1859/60 – November/December 1918)

Abu'l-Hasan Sani al-Mulk
Mirza Abu'l-Hasan Khan Ghaffari Kashani (Persian: میرزا ابوالحسن‌ خان غفاری کاشانی; 1814–1866) was an Iranian painter, miniature and lacquer artist, and book illustrator. When he became the Chief Court Painter, he also became known as Sani al-Mulk (صنیع‌الملک), meaning "the Crafter of the Kingdom." He was a student of Mihr 'Ali and a court painter in Mohammad Shah Qajar's court. After being dismissed as a court painter, he went to Europe to study, most notably in Italy. When he returned to Iran, he became the Director of Printing and Chief Illustrator for Naser al-Din Shah and earned the separate title Chief Court Painter. He supervised the illustration of a famous One Thousand and One Nights manuscript, which can be viewed today in Tehran in the Golestan Palace Library.
Whiquitta Tobar
Whiquitta "Kee" Tobar is an American lawyer, podcaster, and a former college basketball player at Alabama A&M University. In 2012, Tobar was named the Southwestern Athletic Conference Player of the Year.

Alabama A&M University
Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University (Alabama A&M or AAMU) is a public historically black land-grant university in Normal, Alabama, United States, a part of Huntsville. Founded in 1875 as a state-run "normal school", it took its present name in 1969. AAMU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University Historic District, also known as Normal Hill College Historic District, has 28 buildings and four structures listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places. Alabama A&M's athletic teams, known as the Bulldogs, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).
Matarranya (river)
The Matarranya (Spanish: Río Matarraña, Catalan: Riu Matarranya) is a river in the provinces of Teruel and Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. It begins its course at 1,200 m northeast of the Tossal d'Encanader, Ports de Beseit. limestone massif near La Pobla de Benifassà.

The Matarranya flows roughly from south to north into the Ebro (Ebre), 4 km east of Faió (Fayón). This river gives its name to the Matarranya Catalan language-speaking comarca of Aragon.

Ebro
The Ebro (Spanish and Basque [ˈeβɾo] ⓘ; Catalan: Ebre, Western: [ˈeβɾe], Eastern: [ˈeβɾə]) is a river of the north and northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, in Spain. It rises in Cantabria and flows 930 kilometres (580 mi), almost entirely in an east-southeast direction. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea, forming a delta in the Terres de l'Ebre region, in southern Catalonia. In the Iberian peninsula, it ranks second in length after the Tagus and second in discharge volume, and drainage basin, after the Douro. It is the longest river entirely within Spain; the other two mentioned flow into Portugal.

The Ebro flows through many cities (Spanish: ciudades): Reinosa in Cantabria; Frías and Miranda de Ebro in Castile and León; Haro, Logroño, Calahorra, and Alfaro in La Rioja; Tudela in Navarre; Alagón, Utebo, and Zaragoza in Aragon; and Flix, Móra d'Ebre, Benifallet, Tivenys, Xerta, Aldover, Tortosa, and Amposta in the province of Tarragona (Catalonia).
377th Air Base Wing
The 377th Air Base Wing is a wing of the United States Air Force based at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico.  The wing has been the host unit at Kirtland since January 1993. It was activated on 1 January 1993, when Air Force Materiel Command assumed responsibility for operating the base from Air Mobility Command.

The wing was first organized in 1966 as the 377th Combat Support Group at Tan Son Nhut Airport, Republic of Vietnam.  In 1972, it was expanded to wing level and gained a tactical flying mission.  It began phasing down in early 1973 and transferred most of its remaining assets to the Vietnamese Air Force before inactivating.

The wing was activated in 1985 as the host organization at Ramstein Air Base and served in that capacity until it was inactivated in 1991 when United States Air Forces Europe implemented the Objective Wing organization, combining all functions at Ramstein under the 86th Wing.

Air Mobility Command
The Air Mobility Command (AMC) is a Major Command (MAJCOM) of the U.S. Air Force. It is headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, east of St. Louis, Missouri, near Mascoutah, Illinois.

Air Mobility Command was established on 1 June 1992 and was formed from elements of the inactivated Military Airlift Command (MAC) and Strategic Air Command (SAC).  AMC melded MAC's worldwide airlift system of primarily C-5 Galaxy, C-141 Starlifter (later replaced by C-17 Globemaster III beginning in 1995), and C-130 Hercules airlift aircraft with SAC's tanker force of KC-135 Stratotanker and KC-10 Extender aerial refueling aircraft, the latter air refueling aircraft having been freed from their strategic nuclear strike commitment to SAC's B-52 Stratofortress and B-1 Lancer bomber fleet by the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.  In 2016, the Air Force Historical Research Agency consolidated the histories of AMC and MAC, extending AMC's lineage back to 1941.
Aval Paavam
Aval Paavam (transl. She is Poor) is a 2000 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by M. K. Arundhava Raja. The film stars Prabhukanth and Ritika, with Ishari K. Ganesh playing a supporting role. The film, produced by K. Rajan, was released on 22 December 2000.

Ishari K. Ganesh
Ishari K. Ganesh (pronounced as Ai-sari) is the founder, chairman and chancellor of Vels University in Chennai, India. He founded the Vel's Educational Trust in 1992 in the memory of his late father Isari Velan, a former Member of Legislative Assembly in the state government of M. G. Ramachandran.

He was the President of the Pachaiyappa's Trust board (2011-2014). He was the Secretary of the consortium of Colleges affiliated to Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University (2007-2009).

Ganesh is also the founder and chairman of Vels Film International, which produces films in Tamil cinema.
Štýřice
Štyřice is a municipal part and cadastral territory southwest of the center of the Brno, Czech Republic. It has an area of 3.33 km². The territory of modern Štýřice was annexed to Brno in 1850. Since November 24, 1990, Štýřice has been part of the city district of Brno-střed. About 8,600 people live here.

It lies south of the river Svratka.

Brno-město (cadastral territory)
Brno-město (lit. 'Brno-City') is a cadastral territory of the city district of Brno-střed, forming the central part and historical core of the city of Brno, Czech Republic. Until 1850, the city of Brno was made up of this very territory, although it was smaller and with slightly different boundaries. The current area of 1.19 km² was acquired by Brno-město in the late 1960s and since November 24, 1990 it has been part of Brno-střed. About 5,300 people live here.
Lam with tah above
Lām with tah above (, ࣇ, also known as "Arabic letter Lām with small Tah above" or "arlām") is a character used in the Shahmukhi alphabet for the Punjabi language to represent a voiced retroflex lateral approximant and is also used in the Kalasha language.

The Gurmukhi equivalent of the letter is ਲ਼. This was added to Gurmukhi officially relatively recently, and is not universal, but does have a precedent for use in older Punjabi texts.

It was added to Unicode in 2020 (in version 13). Due to the recency of this addition, support is still limited among widely fonts. It is possible to approximate the letter using the character combination لؕ. The character is the sole member of the script group "Arabic letter for Punjabi."

Lamedh
Lamedh or lamed is the twelfth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew lāmeḏ ל‎, Aramaic lāmaḏ 𐡋, Syriac lāmaḏ ܠ, Arabic lām ل‎, and Phoenician lāmd 𐤋. Its sound value is [l]. It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪁‎‎‎, South Arabian 𐩡, and Ge'ez ለ.

The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Lambda (Λ), Latin L, and Cyrillic El (Л).
VH1 Trailblazer Honors
The VH1 Trailblazer Honors, also known as the Logo Trailblazer Honors, is the only televised LGBT awards ceremony in the United States. It is an annual awards event founded in 2014 to recognize persons and entities who have made significant contributions towards minority empowerment and civil activism. It has been described as a combined "queer State of the Union, Hall of Fame, and Oscars." The event is aired on Logo TV and VH1.

Logo TV
Logo TV (often shortened to Logo) is an American basic cable channel owned by Paramount Media Networks, a division of Paramount Skydance Corporation. Launched in 2005, Logo was originally dedicated to lifestyle and entertainment programming targeting LGBTQ+ audiences. It replaced VH1 MegaHits in the United States.

The channel's availability peaked at 53.2 million US households in September 2013, but its cable and satellite carriage has steadily declined thereafter, decreasing to 21.7 million households by December 2023.
Mary Jo Foley
Mary Jo Foley is an American freelance technology writer, author, podcaster and news editor. She regularly writes news, previews, and reviews for Microsoft's strategy, products and technology. Foley has been covering news on Microsoft Windows, and previously on Unix-related technology, since 1983, for publications including ZDNet, eWeek, Baseline, Redmond magazine, PC Magazine, and Directions on Microsoft.

ZDNET
ZDNET is a business technology news website owned and operated by Ziff Davis. The brand was founded on April 1, 1991, as a general interest technology portal from Ziff Davis and evolved into an enterprise IT-focused online publication. After being under the ownership of CNET Networks (2000–2008), CBS Corporation/ViacomCBS (2008–2020), and Red Ventures (2020–2024), ZDNET was reacquired by Ziff Davis in August 2024. CNET was included in the acquisition as well.
Clair Norris
Clair Hayley Norris (born 30 December 1997) is a British actress from London, known for portraying the role of Bernadette Taylor on the BBC soap opera EastEnders between 2017 and 2025. While on the series, she has also made appearances in series including Bloods and Tell Me Everything, as well as fronting a Panorama documentary about obesity.

Panorama (British TV programme)
Panorama is a British current affairs documentary news programme broadcast on the BBC. First broadcast in 1953, it is the world's longest-running television news magazine programme.

Panorama has been presented by many well-known BBC presenters, including Richard Dimbleby, Robin Day, David Dimbleby and Jeremy Vine. As of 2022, it broadcasts in peak time on BBC One, without a regular presenter. The programme also airs worldwide through the international feed of the BBC News channel in many countries, and domestically via the UK feed.
Monsterwolf
Monsterwolf is a 2010 Syfy original television film directed by Todor Chapkanov and stars Leonor Varela, Robert Picardo, and Marc Macaulay. An oil rig crew drills in a Louisiana community where they awaken an ancient and terrifying wolf-like beast sworn to protect the ecological balance of its environment - and kill anyone who threatens it. The film was part of Syfy's 31 Days of Halloween 2010 and premiered on Syfy October 9, 2010.

Robert Picardo
Robert Alphonse Picardo (born October 27, 1953) is an American actor. He is best known for playing The Doctor in the Star Trek franchise, starting on Star Trek: Voyager.  He also appeared as Richard Woolsey in the Stargate franchise, the Cowboy in Innerspace, Coach Cutlip on The Wonder Years, and Captain Dick Richard on the ABC series China Beach. He is a frequent collaborator with Joe Dante and is a member of The Planetary Society's board of directors.
Vaalhoek
Vaalhoek is a village in Kgalagadi District of Botswana. It is located at the southern tip of Botswana near Bokspits, close to the border with South Africa, and it has a primary school. The population counted 355 in the 2011 census.

Bokspits
Bokspits is a village in Kgalagadi District of Botswana. It is the southernmost village in Botswana and is located close to the border with South Africa next to the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Bokspits has a creche, primary school, clinic, police station, post office, government offices, churches, airstrip  and various shops (supermarkets, co-operative, general dealers, restaurants and a number of bars and bottlestores). There is a number of football teams for example the most famous one Bokspits United FC. Bokspits has experienced a great deal of growth and development e.g. tarred roads and communication networks (be mobile, mascom & Orange). The population counted 507 in the 2011 census.
Michigan prosecution of fake electors
People of the State of Michigan v. Berden et al. was a state criminal prosecution concerning the Trump fake electors plot in Michigan. Sixteen defendants were accused of producing and attempting to use a false certificate of ascertainment containing electoral votes for Donald Trump, who had lost the 2020 U.S. presidential election in Michigan. The defendants were indicted in July 2023 on criminal charges of forgery, uttering, and conspiracy, all felonies.

One defendant agreed to cooperate, and charges against him were dropped in October 2023. Charges were dismissed against the remaining 15 defendants in September 2025, due to the judge ruling that there was insufficient evidence of intent to commit fraud.

Certificate of ascertainment
In the United States, a certificate of ascertainment is an official document that identifies a state's appointed electors for U.S. President and Vice President, and the final vote count for each candidate that received popular votes.
Rodovia Washington Luís
Rodovia Washington Luís (official designation SP-310) is a highway in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

It runs in the North-Northwest direction, departing as a branch from the Anhangüera Highway near the city of Limeira. It also crosses with the Rodovia dos Bandeirantes, nearby the city of Cordeirópolis.

Main cities linked by the Washington Luís Highway are Rio Claro, São Carlos, Araraquara, Matão, Catanduva, São José do Rio Preto and Mirassol.

It is named in honor of Washington Luís (1869–1957), one of the presidents of Brazil and a paulista, who famously declared in 1926 that "to govern is to build roads".

The highway is managed and maintained through a state concession to the private companies Centrovias and Triângulo do Sol, and therefore is a toll road.

From Mirassol to Ilha Solteira, the name is changed to "Feliciano Sales Cunha", keeping the SP-310 code.

There is another highway so named in Brazil, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, between Rio de Janeiro and Petrópolis.

Matão
Matão is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. As of 2020, the town had an estimated population of 83,626 and a population density of 146.3 persons per km2. The total area the city is 524.899 square kilometres (202.665 sq mi). Matão sits at an elevation of 585 metres (1,919 ft). The municipality consists of two districts: Matão and São Lourenço do Turvo.
Honda RC143
The Honda RC143 was the Honda racing team's 125cc Grand Prix motorcycle racer for the 1960 season, the first time the Honda team competed in an entire season's racing. The bike was a major step forward from the previous year's machines, and though still outpaced by its more experienced European rivals, it revealed to seasoned competitors like Luigi Taveri that Honda was a force to be reckoned with.

Luigi Taveri
Luigi Taveri (19 September 1929 – 1 March 2018) was a Swiss professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He competed in the FIM motorcycle Grand Prix world championships from 1954 to 1966. Taveri is notable for being a three-time 125cc road racing world champion. Although he specialised in the smaller engined machines, Taveri is the only competitor to have scored points in six Grand Prix classes: 50cc, 125cc, 250cc, 350cc, 500cc and Sidecars. In 2016, he was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements.
Ethel Warwick
Ethel Maude Warwick (13 October 1882 – 12 September 1951) was a British stage actress, appearing in both plays and films. Warwick was also a model for several artists, prominently for John William Godward.

John William Godward
John William Godward (9 August 1861 – 13 December 1922) was an English painter from the end of the Neo-Classicist era. He was a protégé of Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, but his style of painting fell out of favour with the rise of modern art.
Niccolò Lamberti
Niccolo Lamberti (late 14th century) was an Italian painter of the Florentine school, active in 1382.

He was a pupil of the Orcagna, and painted in company with Jacopo (?) in the palace at Volterra a fresco representing the Annunciation" with Saints. His son Pietro was active in Venice.

Orcagna
Andrea di Cione di Arcangelo (c. 1308 – 25 August 1368), better known as Orcagna, was an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect active in Florence. He worked as a consultant at the Florence Cathedral and supervised the construction of the façade at the Orvieto Cathedral. His monumental marble tabernacle (1352–1359), commissioned by the confraternity of Orsanmichele to protect the Maestà by Bernardo Daddi (1347) at Orsanmichele, was immediately praised. The tabernacle, executed according to his design with the assistance of a team of selected sculptors and masons, included 117 figural sculptures or reliefs as part of a domed structure.

His Strozzi Altarpiece (1354–1357) is noted as defining a new role for Christ as a source of Catholic doctrine and papal authority, as central figure enthroned actively handing out the (Dominican, or generally the Mendicant theology to Thomas Aquinas, and the keys of the church to St. Peter.
Adalbi Shkhagoshev
Adalby Lyulevich Shkhagoshev (Russian: Адальби Люлевич Шхагошев; 6 June 1967, Trubchevsk, Bryansk Oblast) is a Russian political figure and deputy of the 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas.

In 1991, Shkhagoshev started working as a senior detective of the Department for Combating Organized Crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Kabardino-Balkaria. On 1 October 1992 Shkhagoshev lost both hands during the operation to free a hostage. After the incident, he received the Order "For Personal Courage". From 1993 to 2001, Shkhagoshev served as deputy of the Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic of the 1st and 2nd convocations. On 2 December 2007 he was elected deputy of the 5th State Duma. In 2011, 2016, and 2021, he was re-elected for the 6th, 7th, and 8th State Dumas.

8th State Duma
The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 8th convocation (Russian: Государственная Дума Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации восьмого созыва) is the current convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.

The composition of the 8th State Duma was determined based on the results of the 2021 legislative election. Elections were held using a mixed system: 225 deputies were elected on party lists and 225 — in single-member constituencies. Of the 14 parties that participated in the elections, only 5 were able to overcome the 5% barrier. And for the first time since 1999, more than four parties were able to form their own factions. Three more parties and five independent candidates were able to win one seat each through single-mandate constituencies.

In accordance with the presidential decree, the first meeting of the 8th State Duma was held on 12 October 2021.
FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2007
The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2007 were the 39th FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, held 2–18 February in Åre, Sweden. Åre previously hosted the world championships in 1954, and often hosts late season World Cup events.

The FIS awarded the 2007 event in 2002; other finalists were Lillehammer, Norway, and Val-d'Isère, France, which was later selected to host the 2009 championships.

These were the first world championships to use the "super-combined" format (one run each of downhill and slalom) for the combined event.  First run on the World Cup circuit in 2005 at Wengen, the "super-combi" format (SC) made its debut at the Winter Olympics in 2010.  The traditional combined format (K) consists of one downhill run and two slalom runs.

Slalom skiing
Slalom is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns.  Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships, and at the Olympic Winter Games.
Hazara Express
Hazara Express (Hindko/Urdu: ہزارہ ایکسپریس) is a passenger train operated daily by Pakistan Railways between Karachi and Havelian in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The trip takes approximately 33 hours to cover a published distance of 1,594 kilometres (990 mi), travelling along a stretch of the Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line, Khanewal–Wazirabad Branch Line, Shorkot–Lalamusa Branch Line and Taxila–Khunjerab Railway Line.

Khunjerab Railway
Khunjerab Railway (Urdu: خنجراب ریل راستہ), also known as the China–Pakistan railway and ML-5, is a semi-planned railway line in Pakistan, passing through the region of Kashmir. The current active line begins from Taxila Junction station and ends at Havelian station. A proposed extension will see new track laid from Havelian station to the Pakistan-China border at the Khunjerab Pass where it will link up with China's Kashgar–Hotan railway.
Maximalist Italian Socialist Party
The Maximalist Italian Socialist Party (Italian: Partito Socialista Italiano Massimalista) or PSIm, was the residual part of the Italian Socialist Party in exile following the split that occurred during the first phases of the Socialist Convention of Grenoble, held on 16 March 1930, by Pietro Nenni and the fusionist fraction.

Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
The Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (German: Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, SAPD, sometimes called simply the Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei, SAP) was a centrist Marxist political party in Germany. It was formed as a left-wing party with around 20,000 members who split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931, the remnants of the USPD merged into the party and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters also joined the group as well as a part of the  Communist Party Opposition. Nevertheless, SAPD membership remained small. From 1933, the group's members worked illegally against Nazism.