hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georges Tavard
Georges Henri Tavard, AA (February 6, 1922 – August 13, 2007) was an ordained member of the Augustinians of the Assumption. He lectured extensively in the areas of historical theology, ecumenism, and spirituality.

Assumptionists
The Assumptionists, formally known as the Congregation of the Augustinians of the Assumption (Latin: Congregatio Augustinianorum ab Assumptione; abbreviated AA), is a worldwide congregation of Catholic priests and brothers. It is active in many countries.  The French branch played a major role in French political and social history in the 19th century.
SafeCharge
SafeCharge, was a Canadian payment service provider that provided payment services, fraud prevention solutions and connection to payment methods. In August 2019 SafeCharge was acquired by Nuvei, a privately owned electronic payment processing company, for the amount of US$889 million and was merged into Nuvei.

Before the acquisition the company had 400+ employees, 54% of them were in development and tech support. Its headquarters were in Montreal, Canada, and it had offices in Israel, UK,  Netherlands, Hong Kong, Italy, Austria, China, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Guernsey, Mexico, Singapore and in the US.

SafeCharge had payment processing (gateway) licenses from the main card schemes in Europe: Visa and Mastercard. It connected with 300+ global and region-specific alternative payment methods, such as: WeChat Pay and Alipay (China), Apple Pay (US), iDeal (Netherlands), POLi (Australia), PayPal (global), and Amex (global).

PayPal
PayPal Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational financial technology company that operates an online payments system in the majority of countries that support online money transfers; it serves as an electronic alternative to traditional paper methods such as checks and money orders. The company operates as a payment processor for online vendors, auction sites and many other commercial and company users.

Established in 1998 as Confinity, PayPal went public through an IPO in 2002. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay later that year, valued at $1.5 billion. In 2015, eBay spun off PayPal to its shareholders, and PayPal became an independent company again. The company was ranked 143rd on the 2022 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue. Since 2023, PayPal is a member of the MACH Alliance.
Forest Heights
Forest Heights could refer to:

Canada

Forest Heights, Edmonton, Alberta

Forest Heights, Ontario, a neighbourhood in Kitchener, Ontario
Forest Heights Collegiate Institute, a high school in Kitchener, Ontario

United States

Forest Heights (Knoxville, Tennessee)

Forest Heights, Maryland

Forest Heights Middle School, Little Rock, Arkansas

Forest Heights Academy of Excellence, East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana

Forest Heights, Texas

Kitchener, Ontario
Kitchener is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario, about 100 km (62 mi) west of Toronto. It is one of three cities that make up the Regional Municipality of Waterloo and is the regional seat. Kitchener was known as Berlin until a 1916 referendum changed its name. The city covers an area of 136.86 km2, and had a population of 256,885 at the time of the 2021 Canadian census.

The Regional Municipality of Waterloo has 673,910 people as of year-end 2023, making it the 10th-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada and the fourth-largest CMA in Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are considered "twin cities", which are often referred to jointly as "Kitchener–Waterloo" (K–W), although they have separate municipal governments.
Sam Zandamela
Sam Zandamela is a South African politician from Mpumalanga who has served as a member of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature since August 2022, and previously from July 2018 to May 2019. A member of the Economic Freedom Fighters party, he previously served as the party's deputy provincial chairperson. Zandamela served as a permanent delegate to the National Council of Provinces from May 2019 until August 2022.

National Council of Provinces
The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) is the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa under the post-apartheid constitution which came into full effect in 1997. It replaced the former Senate, but is very similar to that body, and to many other upper houses of legislatures throughout the world, in that its purpose is to represent the governments of the provinces, rather than directly representing the people.
Shaolin Temple (1976 film)
Shaolin Temple, a.k.a. Death Chamber, is a Shaw Brothers film directed by Chang Cheh. It is one of the Shaolin Temple themed martial arts films and concerns their rebellion against the Qings, with an all-star cast featuring the second and third generations of Chang Cheh's stable of actors including David Chiang, Ti Lung, Alexander Fu Sheng and Chi Kuan Chun, as well as cameo appearances by several of the actors that would later become collectively known as the Venoms mob. The film serves as a pseudo-prequel to Five Shaolin Masters.

David Chiang
David Chiang Tai-wai (born 29 June 1947) is a Hong Kong actor, director, producer and martial artist. A well-known martial arts actor formerly from Shaw Brothers Studio in the 1970s, he has appeared in over 130 films and 30 television series.
World Premiere (horse)
World Premiere (Japanese: ワールドプレミア, foaled 1 February 2016) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse. As a juvenile in 2018 he showed promise by winning his first race and then running third in the Kyoto Nisai Stakes. In the following year he won on his seasonal debut and finished second on his next appearance before being sidelined by injury. He returned in the autumn to run second in the Kobe Shimbun Hai before winning the Kikuka Sho and finishing third in the Arima Kinen. He missed most of the following season, making only two appearances in late autumn. In 2021 he ran third on his seasonal debut and then won the spring edition of the Tenno Sho.

Kyoto Nisai Stakes
The Kyoto Nisai Stakes (Japanese: 京都2歳ステークス) is a Japanese Grade 3 horse race for two-year-old Thoroughbreds run in November over a distance of 2000 metres at Kyoto Racecourse.

The race was first run in 1959 and was promoted to Grade 3 status in 2014. It was run over a variety of distances but has been contested over 2000 metres since 2002. Past winners have included Narita Brian, Victoire Pisa and Epiphaneia.
National Miners' Union
The National Miners' Union (NMU) was a dual workers' association established in 1928 in the United States of America under the aegis of the Red International of Labour Unions (Profintern), the international trade union authority of the Communist International (Comintern). The union was affiliated with the Trade Union Unity League, American counterpart of the Profintern.

The name of the union was briefly changed to Mine, Oil and Smelter Workers Industrial Union at the group's second convention in 1930, although not long after the organization reverted to its previous title.

The organization conducted controversial and violent strikes during 1931, culminating in a call for a general strike on New Year's Day, 1932. This effort was easily crushed and the NMU effectively broken and powerless until its dissolution at the behest of the Comintern in 1935.

General strike
A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterised by the participation of workers from a multitude of workplaces across different industries, and tend to involve entire communities. They are often used to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century and have characterised many historically important strikes.
Frank Griffiths (pilot)
Frank Cromwell Griffiths, DFC, AFC, (1 May 1912 – 27 March 1996), nicknamed 'Griff', was a special duties pilot in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War who flew over 60 types of aircraft as a test pilot. In August 1943, Griffiths was shot down delivering supplies to the French Resistance near Annecy in southeast France. The only survivor, he spent the next three months escaping via France, Switzerland and Spain, before returning to Britain and to test piloting in early 1944. In 1945, as part of the Blind Landings Experimental Unit, he recorded the world's first auto landing, a forerunner of autopilot. He retired from the RAF in 1962 as a Group Captain.

Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
The Air Force Cross (AFC) is a military decoration awarded to officers, and since 1993 other ranks, of the British Armed Forces, and formerly also to officers of the other Commonwealth countries. It is granted for "an act or acts of exemplary gallantry while flying, though not in active operations against the enemy". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders who are awarded a further AFC.
Buba Baldeh
Buba Sidiki Michael Baldeh (11 November 1953 - 9 July 2014) was a Gambian politician, journalist and editor. He was a former managing editor of The Daily Observer, a Gambian daily newspaper, from 2000 to 2002. Baldeh was also a former member of the National Assembly of the Gambia from 1982 to 1985 and 1987-1994 during the first Gambian republic. Buba was Minister of Youths and Sports during the first Republic, from 1992 to 1994, and held several posts  after the 1994 coup d'état until his falling out with the then President of The Republic of The Gambia, Yahya Jammeh.

National Assembly of the Gambia
The National Assembly of the Gambia is the unicameral legislature of the Gambia. The authorisation for the National Assembly lies in Chapter VII of the Constitution of the Gambia. It is composed of 53 members directly elected through first past the post, and a further five members appointed by the President.
Vicus Turris
Vicus Turris is a former Roman and Byzantine town of Africa and a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

The town is identified with modern Henchir-El-Djemel, near Sakiet Ezzit in the Gouvernorat of Safaqis, Tunisia (North Africa). Henchir-El-Djemel is located at  34°53'50" N and 10°46'51" E  just north of Sfax. It is situated on a wadi, 7 km from the Mediterranean coast with an elevation of 57 meters above sea level.  Hennchir el Djemel is also known as Hanshīr al Jamal, and Henchir el Jemel.

Sakiet Ezzit
Sakiet Ezzit (Tunisian Arabic: ساقية الزيت sāqīyat az-zīt) is a town and commune in the Sfax Governorate, Tunisia. Attached administratively to the governorate of Sfax, it is the center of a delegation counting 72 481 inhabitants in 2006 and is a municipality with 44,886 inhabitants in 2004.2 The city itself has a population of 12 613 inhabitants. As of 2004 it had a population of 44,886.
Fishhook cactus
Fishhook cactus is a common name for any hook-spined species of the genera Mammillaria, Echinomastus, Sclerocactus, or Cochemiea. They are small cacti, usually growing up to 6-7 inches (20 cm) high, and are shaped similar to a barrel cactus. They are not to be confused with the fishhook barrel cactus (Ferocactus wislizenii) of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts. The Fishhook cactus is a large category of around 150 species.

Good places to see "fishhook" Mammillaria are the Sonoran Desert on the U.S. - Mexico border, and the Mesa Verde National Park. Often found growing in desert and rocky locations.

Ferocactus wislizeni
Ferocactus wislizeni, the fishhook barrel cactus, also called Arizona barrel cactus, candy barrel cactus, and Southwestern barrel cactus, is a species of flowering plant in the cactus family Cactaceae, native to northern Mexico and the southern United States. It is a ball-shaped cactus eventually growing to a cylindrical shape, with spiny ribs and red or yellow flowers in summer.

Some sources mistakenly spell the epithet "wislizenii." The correct spelling is with one "i," per ICN article 60C.2.
Artin–Tits group
In the mathematical area of group theory, Artin groups, also known as Artin–Tits groups or generalized braid groups, are a family of infinite discrete groups defined by simple presentations. They are closely related with Coxeter groups. Examples are free groups, free abelian groups, braid groups, and right-angled Artin–Tits groups, among others.

The groups are named after Emil Artin, due to his early work on braid groups in the 1920s to 1940s, and Jacques Tits who developed the theory of a more general class of groups in the 1960s.

Free group
In mathematics, the free group  over a given set  consists of all words that can be built from members of , considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g.  but  for ). The members of  are called generators of , and the number of generators is the rank of the free group.
An arbitrary group  is called free if it is isomorphic to  for some subset  of , that is, if there is a subset  of  such that every element of  can be written in exactly one way as a product of finitely many elements of  and their inverses (disregarding trivial variations such as ).

A related but different notion is a free abelian group; both notions are particular instances of a free object from universal algebra. As such, free groups are defined by their universal property.
Watford rail crash
In the early evening of 8 August 1996, a Class 321 passenger train operated by Network SouthEast travelling from London Euston on the West Coast Main Line Down Slow line at around 110 km/h (68 mph) passed a signal at danger. Having applied the brakes it eventually stopped 203 m (222 yd) past the signal and was traversing the junction between the Down Slow line and the Up Fast line. An empty Class 321 coaching stock train approaching at roughly 80 km/h (50 mph) collided with the stationary passenger train approximately 700 m south of Watford Junction whilst progressing across the connections from the Up Slow line to the Up Fast line.

One person was killed and sixty-nine were injured, including four members of the train's crew. The person who was killed was Ruth Holland, book review editor of the British Medical Journal.

Network SouthEast
Network SouthEast (NSE) was one of the three passenger sectors of British Rail created in 1982. NSE mainly operated commuter rail trains within Greater London and inter-urban services in densely populated South East England, although the network went as far west as Exeter and also covered the inner East of England. Before 1986, the sector was originally known as London & South Eastern. During the privatisation of British Rail, it was gradually divided into a number of franchises.
Michael Dorfman
Michael Dorfman (Ukrainian: Міхаель Дорфман, Russian: Михаэль Дорфман, Hebrew: מיכאל דורפמן; born 17 September 1954) is a writer, essayist, journalist, human rights activist and activist of the Yiddish culture revivalist movement.

Yiddishist movement
Yiddishism is a cultural and linguistic movement that advocates and promotes the use of Yiddish, the traditional vernacular of Ashkenazi Jews, which was spoken by over 11 million people before World War II. It began in Eastern Europe during the latter part of the 19th century. Some of the leading founders of this movement were Mendele Mocher Sforim, I. L. Peretz, and Sholem Aleichem. The Yiddishist movement gained popularity alongside the growth of the Jewish Labor Bund and other Jewish political movements, particularly in the Russian Empire and United States.

The movement sharply lost momentum in the course of the 20th century, hampered by the language's low prestige in a context of both Jewish assimilation and Hebrew revival, the physical annihilation of most European Yiddish speakers in the Holocaust, followed by the linguistic assimilation of remaining communities, including in Israel, where Yiddish would wind up largely supplanted by Modern Hebrew.
The Wilted EP
The Wilted EP is the third extended play (EP) by Swiss metal band Paleface Swiss, released on 2 January 2026 through Blood Blast Distribution. It followed the band's third studio album, Cursed, released in early 2025.

Cursed (Paleface Swiss album)
Cursed is the third album by the Swiss metal band Paleface Swiss, released on 3 January 2025 through Blood Blast Distribution. It is the band's first album to feature drummer Cassiano Toma, and the band's first album to be released under the name Paleface Swiss as the band had to rename due to there being another artist under the name of Paleface.
Libertia ixioides
Libertia ixioides, commonly known as mikoikoi and the New Zealand iris, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is endemic to New Zealand; its range covers the North, South, and Stewart Islands. L. ixioides is commonly found in coastal to montane areas; it inhabits cliffs, gullies, ridgelines, rocky places, and the banks of rivers. A perennial herb, it reaches 900 mm in height with leaves reaching 1160 mm in length. It was first described by Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel in 1824. It gets its specific epithet, ixioides, after its similar resemblance to Ixia species.

Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged. The geographic limits of a particular taxon's distribution is its range, often represented as shaded areas on a map. Patterns of distribution change depending on the scale at which they are viewed, from the arrangement of individuals within a small family unit, to patterns within a population, or the distribution of the entire species as a whole (range). Species distribution is not to be confused with dispersal, which is the movement of individuals away from their region of origin or from a population center of high density.
2015–16 Crystal Palace F.C. season
The 2015–16 season was Crystal Palace's third consecutive season in the Premier League and their 110th year in existence. The club participated in the Premier League, FA Cup and League Cup. They finished 15th in the Premier League and were runners-up in the FA Cup for the second time in their history. The season covers the period from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016.

2015–16 FA Cup
The 2015–16 FA Cup (also known as the FA Challenge Cup) was the 135th edition of the oldest recognised football tournament in the world. It was sponsored by Emirates, and known as The Emirates FA Cup for sponsorship purposes. It began with the extra preliminary round on 15 August 2015, and concluded with the final on 21 May 2016. The FA Cup winner qualifies for the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League group stage.

Premier League side Arsenal were the two-time defending champions after they beat Aston Villa 4–0 in the previous final on 30 May 2015, but were eliminated by Watford in the sixth round.

The winners were Manchester United, who defeated Crystal Palace 2–1 in the final after extra time for their record-tying 12th title.
John Murdock (Mormon)
John Murdock Jr. (July 15, 1792 – December 23, 1871) was an early convert to the Latter Day Saint movement and was a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Mentioned twice in the Doctrine and Covenants, he devoted most of his life to full-time missionary service for the LDS Church. He was the first mission president for the LDS Church in Australia where he oversaw the official organization of the church in the country and its early growth. A compatriot of Joseph Smith, Murdock attended School of the Prophets and participated in Zion's Camp. After the death of his first wife in childbirth, Joseph and Emma Smith adopted his infant twins. Julia Murdock Smith, who survived to adulthood, was the eldest child and only daughter of the Smiths.

School of the Prophets
In the early Latter Day Saint movement, the School of the Prophets (School, also called the "school of the elders" or "school for the Prophets") was a select group of early leaders who began meeting on January 23, 1833 in Kirtland, Ohio under the direction of Joseph Smith for both theological and secular learning.

The school was opened with a 2-day ritual, which included the first recorded version of the controversial Second Anointing, the highest ordinance in the Latter-day Saint movement. In the ceremony, a towel-clad Joseph Smith washed the feet of all 12 men present, including Sidney Rigdon, Newel K. Whitney, Joseph Smith Sr. and Hyrum Smith. Joseph taught that after the ceremony they had all been "sealed up unto heaven."
Bernstein–Sato polynomial
In mathematics, the Bernstein–Sato polynomial is a polynomial related to differential operators, introduced independently by Joseph Bernstein (1971) and Mikio Sato and Takuro Shintani (1972, 1974), Sato (1990). It is also known as the b-function, the b-polynomial, and the Bernstein polynomial, though it is not related to the Bernstein polynomials used in approximation theory. It has applications to singularity theory, monodromy theory, and quantum field theory.

Severino Coutinho (1995) gives an elementary introduction, while Armand Borel (1987) and Masaki Kashiwara (2003) give more advanced accounts.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
WWWS
WWWS (1400 AM) is a radio station broadcasting an urban oldies format. Licensed to Buffalo, New York, United States, the station serves the Buffalo-Niagara Falls area.  The station features programming from Westwood One.  It is owned and operated by Audacy, Inc. It has a transmitter in Buffalo, east of Delaware Park, while it has studios located on Corporate Parkway in Amherst, New York.

Urban adult contemporary
Urban adult contemporary, often abbreviated as urban AC or UAC, (also known as adult R&B,) is the name for a format of radio music, similar to an urban contemporary format. Radio stations using this format usually would not have hip hop music on their playlists, and generally include some mix of contemporary R&B and traditional R&B (while urban oldies stations emphasize only the latter). Urban adult contemporary playlists generally consist of many different genres that originated amongst Black Americans including R&B, soul, funk, disco, jazz, pop, hip-hop, electro, quiet storm, gospel, new jack swing, and hip-hop soul.
Meal, Combat, Individual ration
The Meal, Combat, Individual (MCI) was a United States military ration of canned and preserved food, issued from 1958 to 1980. It replaced the earlier C-ration, to which it was so similar to that it was often nicknamed the "C-ration", despite the term never being used officially. The MCI was eventually superseded by the Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE) in 1980, with retort pouches replacing the cans, contained in a cardboard box for lighter weight.

P-38 can opener
The P-38 is a foldable carbon steel can opener that was issued with canned United States military rations from its introduction in 1942 to the end of canned ration issuance in the 1980s. Originally distributed in the K-ration, it was later included in the C-ration. A larger later variant is known as the P-51.