hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Forest disturbance by invasive insects and diseases in the United States
Species which are not native to a forest ecosystem can act as an agent of disturbance, changing forest dynamics as they invade and spread. Invasive insects and pathogens (diseases) are introduced to the United States through international trade, and spread through means of natural and human-dispersal. Invasive insects and pathogens are a serious threat to many forests in the United States and have decimated populations of several tree species, including American chestnut, American elm, eastern hemlock, whitebark pine, and the native ash species (see extended listing below). The loss of these tree species is typically rapid with both short and long-term impacts to the forest ecosystem.

Ulmus americana
Ulmus americana, generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very hardy species that can withstand low winter temperatures.  The American elm was once exceptionally common as a street tree, its tolerance of urban conditions making it a popular choice to line American streets in the 19th and early 20th centuries.  The coming of beetles bearing Dutch elm disease devastated the American elm population, starting in the 1920s.  The species still holds out in some locations, but is also no longer nearly as common as during its height.

The wood was seldom utilized until the advent of mechanical sawing. It is the state tree of Massachusetts and North Dakota.
Fortaleza de San Fernando
The Fortaleza de San Fernando (also known as the Castillo de San Fernando de Omoa) is a colonial-era Spanish fortress in Omoa, Honduras. Built between 1756 and 1775, the fortress guarded Spanish interests in the-then Captaincy General of Guatemala before being seized by the Honduran government in 1821. The fortress remains relatively intact, and is a major tourist attraction in Omoa.

Captaincy General of Guatemala
The Captaincy General of Guatemala (Spanish: Capitanía General de Guatemala), also known as the Kingdom of Guatemala (Spanish: Reino de Guatemala), was an administrative division of the Spanish Empire, under the viceroyalty of New Spain in Central America, including present-day Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and the Mexican state of Chiapas. The governor-captain general was also president of the Royal Audiencia of Guatemala, the superior court.
A1 (film)
A1: Accused No. 1 is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Johnson K in his directorial debut. The film stars Santhanam and Tara Alisha Berry. Producer S. Raj Narayanan of CircleBox Entertainment has produced this movie. The music for the film is composed by Santhosh Narayanan and cinematography is handled by Gopi Jagadeeswaran. The movie was edited by Leo John Paul, song lyrics were penned by Rokesh, art direction was executed by A. Raja, dance choreography by Kalyan and Sandy, and stunts by Hari Dinesh. Principal photography commenced around October 2018. The film was released on 26 July 2019. A1 received positive reviews from critics and became a box-office success.

Santhosh Narayanan
Santhosh Narayanan (born 15 May 1983) is an Indian film composer, music producer and singer, primarily active in Tamil cinema, also having composed for notable Telugu and Malayalam films. Narayanan made his debut as an independent composer with the 2012 film Attakathi, directed by Pa. Ranjith. His further collaborations with directors Pa. Ranjith, Karthik Subbaraj, and Mari Selvaraj have resulted in celebrated scores for films such as Pizza (2012), Jigarthanda (2014), Kabali (2016), Vada Chennai (2018), Pariyerum Perumal (2018), Sarpatta Parambarai (2021), and Karnan (2021). Narayanan is considered a prominent figure in contemporary South Indian film music.
Khaplu Palace
Khaplu Palace, locally known as Yabgo Khar, is an old fort and palace located in Khaplu, a city in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The palace, considered an architectural heritage site and a significant tourist attraction, was built in the mid-19th century to replace an earlier-dated fort located nearby. It served as a royal residence for the Raja of Khaplu.

From 2005 to 2011, Khaplu Palace underwent  restoration in a project carried out by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture under the Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme. The palace now houses a hotel operated by Serena Hotels and a museum depicting the history and culture of Baltistan.

Aga Khan Trust for Culture
The Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) is an agency of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN), a family of institutions created by Aga Khan IV with distinct but complementary mandates to improve the welfare and prospects of people in the developing world, particularly in Asia and Africa. It focuses on the revitalization of communities in the Muslim world—physical, social, cultural, and economic. The AKTC was founded in 1988 and is registered in Geneva, Switzerland, as a private non-denominational philanthropic foundation.
Jizera Dark-Sky Park
The Jizera Dark Sky Park (Polish: Izerski Park Ciemnego Nieba - IPCN, Czech: Jizerská oblast tmavé oblohy - JOTO) is the first transnational dark-sky preserve. It is located in a nearly-uninhabited region of the Jizera Mountains that lies halfway between Poland and the Czech Republic. The park primarily serves to inform the general public about the issue of light pollution, as well as to protect nature and the environment.

Jizera Mountains
Jizera Mountains (Czech: Jizerské hory), or Izera Mountains (Polish: Góry Izerskie; German: Isergebirge), are part of the Western Sudetes on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. The range got its name from the Jizera River, which rises at the southern base of the Smrk massif. The beech forests within the Jizera Mountains were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe, because of their outstanding preservation and testimony to the ecological history of Europe (and the beech family specifically) since the Last Glacial Period.
Italian destroyer Irrequieto
Irrequieto (English: "Restless") was an Italian Indomito-class destroyer. Commissioned into service in the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in 1913, she served in World War I, playing an active role in the Adriatic campaign. Reclassified as a torpedo boat in 1929, she was stricken in 1937.

Indomito-class destroyer
The Indomito class was a class of destroyers of the Italian Royal Navy (Italian: Règia Marina) before and during World War I. Eight were built, six of which at Naples by Societa Pattison, between 1910 and 1913. They were the first large Italian destroyers and the first fitted with steam turbines. The class is sometimes also called the I class. Two of the class were sunk during World War I, but the four surviving ships remained in service until 1937–38. One of the class, Insidioso, was reinstated during World War II and served in the Règia Marina and the German Kriegsmarine before being sunk by U.S. aircraft in late 1944.
Adie Mike
Adrian Roosevelt Mike (born 16 November 1973) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward from 1992 to 2004.

He notably played in the Premier League for Manchester City, and in the Football League for Bury, Stockport County, Hartlepool United, Doncaster Rovers and Lincoln City. He also played in Sweden for Linköping and at Non-league level for Leek Town, Hednesford Town, Southport, Northwich Victoria, Stalybridge Celtic, Gainsborough Trinity, Droylsden and Mossley.

Hednesford Town F.C.
Hednesford Town Football Club is a football club based in Hednesford, Staffordshire, England. They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Premier Division and play at Keys Park. They won the FA Trophy in 2004.
Confession album
The confession album, or confession book, was a kind of autograph book popular in late-nineteenth-century Britain.  Instead of leaving free room for invented or remembered poetry, it provided a formulaic catechism.  The genre died out towards the end of the century, with occasional brief revivals in the twentieth century.  The same kind of form is now found in the Dutch vriendenboek ("friends  book"), and German Freundschaftsbuch ("friendship book"), used by small children; and the questions that the confession album contained live on in the Proust Questionnaire often used for celebrity interviews.

Autograph book
An autograph book (also known as an autograph album, a memory album or friendship album) is a book for collecting the autographs of others. Traditionally they were exchanged among friends, colleagues, and classmates to fill with poems, drawings, personal messages, small pieces of verse, and other mementos.  Their modern derivations include yearbooks, friendship books, and guest books.  They were popular among university students from the 15th century until the mid-19th century, after which their popularity began to wane as they were gradually replaced by yearbooks.
Muslim National Guard
Muslim League National Guards, or Muslim National Guards, was the name of a quasi-paramilitary organization associated All-India Muslim League that took part in the Pakistan Movement. The organisation was active in the violence that led up to the partition of India and the violence that followed it. It was also a key instigator in the Kashmir conflict.

In East Bengal, the Muslim National Guard was popularly known as the Azrail Bahini.

Khaksar movement
The Khaksar movement was established by Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi in 1931, with the aim of freeing India from the rule of the British Empire.

The Khaksars opposed the partition of India and favoured a united country. The membership of the Khaksar movement was open to everyone regardless religion, race, caste or social status. There was no membership fee. The emphasis was on the brotherhood of mankind and being inclusive for all people.
Politics (1931 film)
Politics is a 1931 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Charles Reisner and written by Wells Root and Robert E. Hopkins. The film stars Marie Dressler, Polly Moran, Roscoe Ates, Karen Morley, and William Bakewell. It was released on July 25, 1931 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Polly Moran
Pauline Theresa Moran (June 28, 1883 – January 24, 1952), known professionally as Polly Moran, was an American actress and comedian. Beginning her career in vaudeville, she acted in Mack Sennett comedies as one of Sennett Bathing Beauties.
Lianovergion railway station
Lianovergion railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός Λιανοβέργι, romanized: Sidirodromikos Stathmos Lianovergion) is a currently closed railway station in Lianovergi, Greece. It was opened by the OSE. Located just south of the centre of the settlement, the station is not much more than a request halt, on the Thessaloniki–Bitola railway, and is severed by the Thessaloniki Regional Railway (formerly the Suburban Railway).

Thessaloniki–Bitola railway
The railway from Thessaloniki to Bitola is a 219 kilometres (136 mi) long railway line, that connects the port city Thessaloniki in Greece with Bitola in the Republic of North Macedonia, via Veroia, Edessa, Amyntaio and Florina. The line was opened in 1894 under the name "Société du Chemin de Fer ottoman Salonique-Monastir", when the area was part of the Ottoman Empire. The section between the international border and Bitola is not used anymore, and as of 2025 passenger services are restricted to the section between Thessaloniki and Florina. ŽRSM Transport also operates a daily service from Žabeni to Bitola and onwards to Skopje. The easternmost section of the line, Platy–Thessaloniki, is part of the important connection towards Athens and Northern Greece.
One by One in the Darkness
One by One in the Darkness is a novel by Northern Irish author Deirdre Madden, published in 1996 by Faber & Faber. The novel explores the Troubles from a Catholic Nationalist point of view. The book was shortlisted for the Women's Prize for Fiction.

Women's Prize for Fiction
The Women's Prize for Fiction (previously with sponsor names Orange Prize for Fiction (1996–2006 and 2009–2012), Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction (2007–08) and Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction (2014–2017) is one of the United Kingdom's most prestigious literary prizes. It is awarded annually to a female author of any nationality for the best original full-length novel written in English and published in the United Kingdom in the preceding year. A sister prize, the Women's Prize for Non-Fiction, was launched in 2023.
Shopify Rebellion
Shopify Rebellion is a Canadian esports organization founded in February 2021 by e-commerce company Shopify, with active rosters in Apex Legends, Dota 2, Guilty Gear Strive, Halo Infinite, League of Legends, Rainbow Six Siege, Rocket League, Super Smash Bros., StarCraft II, Street Fighter, and Valorant. The team is co-owned by Shopify and internet personalities Charles "Cr1TiKaL" White Jr. and Ludwig Ahgren.

Street Fighter
Street Fighter is a Japanese media franchise centered on a series of fighting games developed and published by Capcom. The first game in the series was released in 1987, followed by the other six main games in the series, various spin-offs and crossovers, and numerous appearances in other media. Its best-selling 1991 release, Street Fighter II, established many of the conventions of the one-on-one fighting genre.

Street Fighter is one of the highest-grossing video game franchises of all time and one of Capcom's flagship series, with total sales of 56 million units worldwide as of March 2025. It is also one of the highest-grossing media franchises and is the longest-running fighting game franchise.
Ex-Husbands
Ex-Husbands is a 2023 American independent black comedy film written and directed by Noah Pritzker. It stars Griffin Dunne, James Norton, Miles Heizer, Richard Benjamin, John Ventimiglia and Rosanna Arquette.

Ex-Husbands premiered at the 71st San Sebastián International Film Festival on September 24, 2023, where it competed for the Golden Shell. It was released on February 21, 2025, by Greenwich Entertainment.

John Ventimiglia
John Ventimiglia (/vɛntɪˈmiːljə/, Italian: [ventiˈmiʎʎa]; born July 17, 1963) is an American actor. He portrayed Artie Bucco in the HBO television series The Sopranos and had a recurring role as Dino Arbogast, an Organized Crime Control Bureau Chief for the NYPD, on the American police procedural/drama series Blue Bloods on CBS.
Harry Atkinson
Sir Harry Albert Atkinson KCMG (1 November 1831 – 28 June 1892) served as the tenth premier of New Zealand on four occasions in the late 19th century, and was Colonial Treasurer for a total of ten years. He was responsible for guiding the country during a time of economic depression, and was known as a cautious and prudent manager of government finances, though distrusted for some policies such as his 1882 National Insurance (welfare) scheme and leasehold land schemes. He also participated in the formation of voluntary military units to fight in the New Zealand Wars, and was noted for his strong belief in the need for seizure of Māori land.

Minister of Finance (New Zealand)
The minister of Finance (Māori: Minita mo nga Moni) is the minister and the head of the New Zealand Treasury, responsible for producing an annual New Zealand Budget outlining the government's proposed expenditure. The position is often considered to be the most important cabinet post after that of the prime minister.

The current Minister of Finance is Nicola Willis. There are currently three associate minister roles held by Chris Bishop, David Seymour, and Shane Jones.
2006–07 Scottish First Division
The 2006–07 First Division season was the 13th season of the Scottish First Division in its current format of ten teams. It began on August 5, 2006 and ended on April 28, 2007.

Gretna gained promotion to the Premier League as champions, by a single point ahead of St Johnstone, with a 3-2 win at Ross County on the final day of the season, the winning goal coming from James Grady in injury time. The result relegated Gretna's opponents to the Second Division.

Airdrie United entered a playoff with the second, third and fourth placed teams from the Second Division - Stirling Albion, Raith Rovers and Brechin City, respectively.

Brechin City F.C.
Brechin City Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the town of Brechin in Angus. The club was founded in 1906 by players and officials of two local clubs, Brechin Harp and Brechin Hearts. The club currently competes in the Highland League after suffering three relegations in four seasons: from the Championship in 2018, League One in 2019, and League Two in 2021 following a 3–1 aggregate play-off defeat by Kelty Hearts.

The club's highest achievements include winning the third tier of Scottish football three times, most recently in 2004–05 as champions of the Second Division. The club has also reached the final of the Scottish Challenge Cup on one occasion, losing 2–0 to Queen of the South in 2002. Brechin's home ground is Glebe Park which can seat around 1,500 spectators in its capacity of 4,123. The ground opened in 1919.
Trials of the Derg members
On 12 December 2006, the Federal Supreme Court found guilty 77 top Derg officials accused by the government of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) over the Red Terror (1976–1978). The head of the Derg, Mengistu Haile Mariam (in office 1977–1991), who fled to Zimbabwe, and other 22 Derg members were sentenced in absentia  to life imprisonment on 11 January 2007.

On the whole, the Derg was accused of human rights violations, including genocide, crimes against humanity, torture, rape and forced disappearances. The Special Prosecutor Office (SPO) was launched in 1992 to investigate human rights violations committed in the Derg regime, and the first trial began in 1994.

Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF; Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝቦች አብዮታዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ግንባር, romanized: Ye’Ītiyop’iya Ḥizibochi Ābiyotawī Dīmokirasīyawī Ginibari) was an ethnic federalist political coalition in Ethiopia that existed from 1988 to 2019. It consisted of four political parties: Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), Amhara Democratic Party (ADP), Oromo Democratic Party (ODP) and Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM). After leading the overthrow of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, it dominated Ethiopian politics from 1991 to 2019. In November 2019, the EPRDF was dissolved, and Prime Minister and EPDRF chairman Abiy Ahmed merged three of the constituent parties (not including the TPLF) into his new Prosperity Party, which was officially founded on 1 December 2019.
Ruiz Pineda station
Ruiz Pineda is a Caracas Metro station on Line 2. It was opened on October 4th 1987 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 from La Paz to Las Adjuntas and Zoológico, on the branch leading to Las Adjuntas. The station is between Mamera and Las Adjuntas.

La Paz station (Caracas)
La Paz is a Caracas Metro station on Line 2. It was opened on 4 October 1987 as part of the inaugural section of Line 2 from La Paz to Las Adjuntas and Zoológico. The station served as the northern terminus of Line 2 until 6 November 1988, when the line was extended to El Silencio. The station is between Artigas and La Yaguara.
Alan Gooch
Alan Gooch (born c. 1960) is an American sports executive and former college football coach. He is the executive director of the Orlando Sports Foundation (OSF), which raises funds and awareness for cancer research and sponsors the Cure Bowl, a bowl game played each December in Orlando, Florida. Gooch spent most of this coaching career as an assistant at his alma mater, the University of Central Florida (UCF). In 1997, he was the inaugural recipient of the AFCA NCAA Division I-A Assistant Football Coach of the Year. Gooch served as the interim head coach for the final two games of UCF's 2003 season following the dismissal of Mike Kruczek.

Cure Bowl
The Cure Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game that has been played in December of each year since 2015 in Orlando, Florida. It is currently held at Camping World Stadium, and in the past has been held at FBC Mortgage Stadium and Exploria Stadium, now known respectively as Acrisure Bounce House and Inter&Co Stadium. The Cure Bowl is so named to promote awareness and research of breast cancer, with proceeds going to the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. The Cure Bowl usually features teams from the American Conference and the Sun Belt Conference. Since 2024, it has been sponsored by the health care employment website StaffDNA and officially known as the StaffDNA Cure Bowl; previous sponsors include AutoNation (2014–2018), FBC Mortgage (2019–2020), Tailgreeter (2021), Duluth Trading Company (2022), and Avocados from Mexico (2023).
No No No (Apink song)
"No No No" is a song by South Korean girl group Apink. It was released on July 5, 2013 with their third EP, Secret Garden, and is composed by Shinsadong Tiger and Kupa. It had been 14 months since their last album Une Année was released, and it was the first time the group promoted with six members after Hong Yookyung left the group in April. "No No No" was the group's highest charting single, peaking at number 2 on the Billboard K-pop Hot 100. A Japanese version of the song was released on October 22, 2014, with lyrics by Japanese lyricist PA-NON.

Shinsadong Tiger
Lee Ho-yang (June 3, 1983 – February 23, 2024), known professionally as Shinsadong Tiger, was a South Korean music producer and songwriter. After debuting in 2001 at the age of 18, he still worked several odd jobs to fund his music career. He was a known figure in the Korean pop music industry and is responsible for a number of popular songs. In 2010, he was named the "New Generation Producer" at the 18th Korean Culture Entertainment Awards, and in 2011, he was named one of the most influential figures in the South Korean music industry by OSEN. Lee also started his own label, AB Entertainment, in which he debuted his own girl group, EXID.
Highdown Hill
Highdown Hill is a hill in the South Downs, with a height of 81 metres (266 ft).  The summit of the hill and its western slopes lie in the parish of Ferring in the Arun district, while its eastern slopes lie in the borough of Worthing.  It is a popular spot for picnickers, dog-walkers and horse riders. It overlooks Littlehampton, Angmering, Ferring and Worthing with views as far east as the Seven Sisters and west to the Isle of Wight.

It is the property of the National Trust.

To the north, the ancient hill forts of Cissbury Ring and Chanctonbury Ring can be seen, and the visible remains of a Bronze Age hill fort exist on the summit of Highdown Hill.  Highdown Hill is the traditional burial-place of the kings of Sussex.

At the base of the hill, there is a car park, toilets, public gardens, cafe, hotel and restaurant.

Cissbury Ring
Cissbury Ring is an 84.2-hectare (208-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Worthing in West Sussex. It is owned by the National Trust  and is designated a Scheduled monument for its Neolithic flint mine and Iron Age hillfort.

Cissbury Ring is the largest hill fort in Sussex, the second largest in England and one of the largest in Europe overall, covering some 60 acres (24 hectares).  The earthworks that form the fortifications were built around the beginning of the Middle Iron-Age possibly around 250 BC but abandoned in the period 50 BC - 50 AD.

The site of the fort contains a Neolithic mine, one of the first flint mines in Britain. Around 270 shafts were dug into Cissbury hill over around 300 years of use. Shafts were up to 12 metres (39 ft) deep with 7 metres (23 ft) diameters at the surface. Up to eight galleries extended outwards from the bottoms of the shafts, often interconnecting with one another. The site has been damaged by illicit metal detecting.