hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mac OS Turkish encoding
Mac OS Turkish is a character encoding used on Apple Macintosh computers to represent the Turkish language. It is a derivative of Mac OS Roman.

IBM uses code page 1281 (CCSID 1281) for Mac OS Turkish.

Mac OS Roman
Mac OS Roman is a character encoding created by Apple Computer, Inc. for use by Macintosh computers. It is suitable for representing text in English and several other languages that use the Latin script. Mac OS Roman encodes 256 characters, the first 128 of which are identical to ASCII, with the remaining characters including mathematical symbols, diacritics, and additional punctuation marks. Mac OS Roman is an extension of the original Macintosh character set, which encoded 217 characters. Full support for Mac OS Roman first appeared in System 6.0.4, released in 1989, and the encoding is still supported in current versions of macOS, though the standard character encoding is now UTF-8. Apple modified Mac OS Roman in 1998 with the release of Mac OS 8.5 by replacing the currency sign with the euro sign, but otherwise the encoding has been unchanged since its release.
Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
The Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (an organic reaction) between a 1,3-dipole diazo  compound (notably diazomethane) and a dipolarophile. When the dipolarophile is an alkene, the reaction product is a pyrazoline.

The reaction product of a cycloaddition between diazomethane and trans-diethyl glutaconate is a 1-pyrazoline. This reaction is 100% regioselective because the diazo terminal nitrogen atom bonds exclusively to the alpha-carbon of the ester. The reaction is also a syn addition, and the configuration in the dipolarophile is preserved. The 1-pyrazoline is unstable and isomerizes to the 2-pyrazoline due to favorable conjugation with the ester group.

With diazo(phenyl)methane as the reactant the regioselectivity is reversed and the reaction is extended even further by simple air organic oxidation of the 2-pyrazoline to the pyrazole.

Another example of a diazo cycloaddition is a diazo-thioketone coupling.

Diazomethane
Diazomethane is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH2N2, discovered by German chemist Hans von Pechmann in 1894. It is the simplest diazo compound. In the pure form at room temperature, it is an extremely sensitive explosive yellow gas; thus, it is almost universally used as a solution in diethyl ether.  The compound is a popular methylating agent in the laboratory, but it is too hazardous to be employed on an industrial scale without special precautions. Use of diazomethane has been significantly reduced by the introduction of the safer and equivalent reagent trimethylsilyldiazomethane.
Fort (Colombo)
Fort (Colombo) (Sinhala: කොටුව; Tamil: கோட்டை) is the central business district of Colombo in Sri Lanka. It is the financial district of Colombo and the location of the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) and the World Trade Centre of Colombo from which the CSE operates. It is also the location of the Bank of Ceylon headquarters. Along the foreshore of the Fort area is the Galle Face Green Promenade, built in 1859 under the governance of Sir Henry George Ward, the Governor of Ceylon (Sri Lanka) during British colonial era. Fort is also home to the General Post Office, hotels, government departments and offices.

Bank of Ceylon
Bank of Ceylon (BOC; Sinhala: ලංකා බැංකුව Lanka Bænkuwa, Tamil: இலங்கை வங்கி Ilangai Vangi) is a state-owned, major commercial bank in Sri Lanka. Its head office is located in an iconic cylindrical building in Colombo.

The bank has a network of 651 branches, 715 automated teller machines (ATMs), 159 CDM, 582 CRM network, and 15 regional loan centres within the country. It also has an around-the-clock call centre and an around the clock branch at its Colombo office.

In addition to the local presence, the bank maintains an off-shore banking unit in the head office in Colombo, three branches in Malé, Chennai, and Seychelles, and a subsidiary in London.
Michael Gathy
Michael Gathy  is a professional poker player from Belgium with many successes in live and online poker, including World Series of Poker bracelets at the 2012, 2013, 2016 and the 2020 World Series of Poker. He is one of two players that have won 4 NLHE bracelets in the decade 2011–2020, alongside Dominik Nitsche. He was also the first person to win a WSOP turbo event. Online he has won multiple SCOOP events and WCOOP events on PokerStars.

PokerStars
PokerStars is an online poker cardroom. It is the largest real money online poker site in the world, controlling over two-thirds of the total online poker market, and can be accessed through downloadable poker clients for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS.

A PokerStars.com online satellite tournament produced the 2003 World Series of Poker (WSOP) champion, Chris Moneymaker. As the first person to become a world champion by qualifying at an online poker site, Moneymaker's 2003 win was an important factor in catalyzing the poker boom of the mid-2000s. The press has called this the "Moneymaker effect."

PokerStars was part of The Stars Group until it was sold to Flutter Entertainment, owner of the Irish gambling company Paddy Power, on May 5, 2020.
Canon de 6 système An XI
The Canon de 6 système An XI was a French cannon and part of the Year XI system of artillery. It was part of the field artillery, and complemented the Gribeauval system.

The canon de 6 système An XI was used extensively during the Napoleonic Wars. It was considered as a good intermediate between the Canon de 8 Gribeauval, considered to be too heavy for field artillery, and the Canon de 4 Gribeauval, considered as too light and lacking striking power.

One of the characteristics of the Canon de 6 is that its design is even simpler than that of the Gribeauval cannons, as it lacks reinforcing mould rings, except for the one before the muzzle.

Year XI system
The Year XI system (French:"Système An XI", after of the 11th year of the French Republic, i.e. 1803) was a French artillery system developed during the rule of Napoleon. The Year XI system was original in that it brought various improvements to the highly successful Gribeauval system, on which many successes of the Napoleonic Wars relied. It especially consisted in streamlining the existing Gribeauval designs. The main proponent of the new system was General Marmont.  It was superseded by the Valée system.
Beaver Creek Resort
Beaver Creek Resort is an alpine ski resort in the western United States, near Avon, Colorado. The resort comprises three villages, the main Beaver Creek Village, Bachelor Gulch, and Arrowhead to the west. The resort is owned and operated by Vail Resorts which operates multiple additional resorts. Beaver Creek is a regular host of World Cup events, usually in early December.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Crosby Field
Crosby Field (March 12, 1889 – September 20, 1972) was an American mechanical and electrical engineer, manufacturer, vice president of the Brillo Manufacturing Company, and inventor. He is particularly known as inventor of the process to manufacture steel wool continuously, and as recipient of the 1953 ASME Medal.

ASME Medal
The ASME Medal, created in 1920, is the highest award bestowed by the ASME (founded as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Board of Governors for "eminently distinguished engineering achievement". The award has been presented every year since 1996 (first medalist was awarded in 1921), and it consists of a $15,000 honorarium, a certificate, a travel supplement not to exceed $750, and a gold medal inscribed with the words, "What is not yet, may be".

ASME also gives out a number of other awards yearly, including the Edwin F. Church Medal, the Holley medal, and the Soichiro Honda medal.
Joe Allon
Joseph Ball Allon (born 12 November 1966) is an English former footballer. A striker, he scored 135 goals in 361 league and cup games in a 14-year career in the English Football League.

Starting his career with Newcastle United in 1984, he failed to break into the first team and moved on to Swansea City three years later. After a season with the Swans, he signed with Hartlepool United. After scoring 48 league goals for the club, he transferred to Chelsea in 1991. After a season with Chelsea, including a loan spell with Port Vale, he joined Brentford. In 1994, he moved back to Port Vale permanently before moving back to Hartlepool United via Lincoln City in 1995. He retired in 1998 because of a knee injury. He won three promotions with three clubs, and was voted onto the Fourth Division PFA Team of the Year in 1990–91 and won the North-East Footballer of the Year award in 1990–91.

PFA Team of the Year
The Professional Footballers' Association Team of the Year (often called the PFA Team of the Year, or simply the Team of the Year) is an annual award given to a set of 55 footballers across the top four tiers of men's English football: the Premier League, the Championship, League One and League Two, as well as the top tier of women's football:  the Women's Super League.

The award has been presented to men since the 1973–74 season and women since the 2013–14 season. The shortlist is compiled by the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA), in January of every year, with the winners then being voted for by the other players in their respective divisions.

The award is regarded by players in the Football League as the highest accolade available to them, due to it being picked by their fellow professionals.
Churu Pata
Churu Pata (Aymara churu a small waru waru; a lump, pata stone bench, step, also spelled Choro Pata) is a mountain in the Andes of Bolivia which reaches a height of approximately 4,460 m (14,630 ft). It is located in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, La Paz Municipality. Churu Pata lies northwest of Chuqi Tanka and northeast of Ch'uñawi.

Ch'uñawi
Ch'uñawi (Aymara for a place where potatoes are spread as part of the procedure to prepare ch'uñu, also spelled Chunahui) is a 4,846-metre-high (15,899 ft) mountain in the Cordillera Real in the Andes of Bolivia It lies in the La Paz Department, Murillo Province, La Paz Municipality, northeast of the city of La Paz. Ch'uñawi is situated northwest of Mik'aya and Wak'ani and northeast of Jamp'aturi.
Revolver Rani
Revolver Rani (transl. The revolver queen) is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language crime comedy drama film written and directed by Sai Kabir. Presented by Wave Cinemas, the film stars Kangana Ranaut and Vir Das, with Piyush Mishra, Zakir Hussain and Pankaj Saraswat in supporting roles. It is a satirical love story set against the backdrop of politics. Revolver Rani was released on 25 April 2014.

Zakir Hussain (actor)
Zakir Hussain is an Indian actor who primarily appears in Hindi films. He is known for his negative and comic roles. His best-known performances include those of Rashid in Ramgopal Varma's 2005 film Sarkar, Shardul in Sriram Raghavan's 2007 film Johnny Gaddaar and Prakash Rao in Rohit Shetty's Singham Returns.
Operation Houndsworth
Operation Houndsworth was a British Special Air Service operation during World War II. The operation, carried out by "A" Squadron, 1st Special Air Service between 6 June and 6 September 1944, was centred on Dijon in the Burgundy region of France. Their objective was to disrupt German lines of communication, coordinate the activities of the French Resistance and prevent German reinforcements moving to the Normandy beachheads, especially the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich.

2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich
The 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich (German: 2. SS-Panzerdivision "Das Reich") or SS Division Das Reich was an armored division of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II.

Initially formed from regiments of the SS-Verfügungstruppe (SS-VT), Das Reich initially served during the Battle of France in 1940 before seeing combat on the Eastern Front between 1941 and 1944. It was transferred to the Western Front in 1944, where it fought in the Battle of Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge. Toward the end of the war, it was transferred back to the Eastern Front, where it participated in Operation Spring Awakening in Hungary.

The division became notorious for its brutality, committing numerous war crimes during its operations. The division was responsible for several massacres, including the Tulle massacre on 9 June 1944, and the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre on 10 June 1944.
Trinidad and Tobago at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Trinidad and Tobago sent a delegation to compete at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, United States from 8–24 February 2002.  This was Trinidad and Tobago's third appearance at a Winter Olympic Games.  The delegation consisted of three bobsledders, Gregory Sun, Andrew McNeilly, and Errol Aguilera.  In the two-man competition, a four-run event in which all three men competed, they came in 37th place.

Gregory Sun
Gregory Sun (born 10 August 1962) is a Trinidad and Tobago bobsledder. He competed at the 1994, 1998 and the 2002 Winter Olympics. In his first and third Olympic appearances, Sun was the flag bearer for Trinidad and Tobago.
Tatyana Shaposhnikova
Tatyana Olegovna Shaposhnikova (Russian: Татьяна Олеговна Шапошникова, born 1946) is a Russian-born Swedish mathematician. She is best known for her work in the theory of multipliers in function spaces,  partial differential operators and history of mathematics, some of which was partly done jointly with Vladimir Maz'ya. Moreover, jointly with her spouse, she is the eponymous of the Maz'ya-Shaposhnikova limit formula. She is also a translator of both scientific and literary texts.

Lars Gårding
Lars Gårding (7 March 1919 – 7 July 2014) was a Swedish mathematician. He made notable contributions to the study of partial differential equations and partial differential operators. He was a professor of mathematics at Lund University in Sweden from 1952 to 1984. Together with Marcel Riesz, he was a thesis advisor for Lars Hörmander. In physics, he is known for postulating the Gårding–Wightman axioms of quantum field theory.
Israel: A Concise History of a Nation Reborn
Israel: A Concise History of a Nation Reborn is a 2016 non-fiction book by U.S.-born and Jerusalem-based author and scholar Daniel Gordis. The book was Gordis's 11th and preceded his 2019 book We Stand Divided: The Rift Between American Jews and Israel.

Israel: A Concise History received generally positive reviews from critics, and it was named the 2016 Jewish Book of the Year by the Jewish Book Council.

Jewish Book Council
The Jewish Book Council (Hebrew: המועצה למען הספר היהודי באמריקה‎), founded in 1943, is an American organization encouraging and contributing to Jewish literature. The goal of the council, as stated on its website, is "to promote the reading, writing and publishing of quality English language books of Jewish content in North America". The council sponsors the National Jewish Book Awards, the JBC Network, JBC Book Clubs, the Visiting Scribe series, and Jewish Book Month. It previously sponsored the Sami Rohr Prize for Jewish Literature. It publishes an annual literary journal called Paper Brigade.
John Williston Cook
John Williston Cook (April 20, 1844 – July 15, 1922) was an educator during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the United States, specifically in Illinois. His work in education, specifically in association with the Herbartianism movement, had a lasting impact on the field at the time.

Herbartianism
Herbartianism is an educational philosophy, movement, and method loosely based on the educational and pedagogical thought of German educator Johann Friedrich Herbart, and influential on American school pedagogy of the late 19th century as the field worked towards a science of education. Herbart advocated for instruction that introduced new ideas in discrete steps. About a quarter-century after his death, Herbart's ideas were expanded in two German schools of thought that were later embodied in the method used at a practice school in Jena, which attracted educationists from the United States. Herbartianism was later replaced by new pedagogies, such as those of John Dewey.
Lamont Roach Jr.
Lamont Roach Jr. (born August 18, 1995) is an American professional boxer. He held the World Boxing Association (WBA) super featherweight title from 2023 to 2025.

Roach was a decorated amateur, winning gold medals at the National Golden Gloves and USA Boxing Youth National Championships in 2013. He made his professional debut the following year, shortly after signing with Golden Boy Promotions, while studying at the University of Maryland. He went undefeated in his first 20 fights (19 wins, 1 draw), collecting three minor belts before he unsuccessfully challenged Jamel Herring for his WBO super featherweight title in 2019.

Golden Boy Promotions
Golden Boy Promotions, Inc. is an American boxing promotional firm based in Los Angeles, California. The company was established in 2002 by eight-time world champion (in six divisions) Oscar De La Hoya, borrowing his nickname "Golden Boy."
Adolf Dauthage
Adolf Dauthage (20 February 1825 – 3 June 1883) was an Austrian lithographer who produced many portrait lithographs. After a period of study at the Vienna Academy, he worked in the studio of Josef Kriehuber for four years.

Josef Kriehuber
Josef Kriehuber (14 December 1800 – 30 May 1876) was an Austrian lithographer and painter, notable for the high quality of his lithographic portraits. A prolific yet meticulous artist, he made numerous portraits of near-photographic detail for nobility, well-known personalities, and government officials. Josef Kriehuber left more than 3000 lithographs, with portraits of many people including some of the most illustrious figures of mid-19th century Central Europe.
Stewart, Lake County, Minnesota
Stewart is an unincorporated community in Lake County, Minnesota, United States. It is a surrounding community of Two Harbors.

The community is located seven miles north of the city of Two Harbors at the intersection of Lake County Roads 124 and 132.

Lake County Roads 12 and 111 are also in the immediate area. Stewart is located within Lake No. 2 Unorganized Territory of Lake County. The Stewart River flows through the community. The Two Harbors–Richard B. Helgeson Airport is nearby.

Stewart is located within ZIP code 55616 based in Two Harbors.

Two Harbors, Minnesota
Two Harbors is a city in and the county seat of Lake County, Minnesota, United States, along the shore of Lake Superior. The population was 3,633 at the 2020 census. Minnesota State Highway 61 serves as a main route in Two Harbors. Gooseberry Falls State Park is 13 miles (21 km) to the northeast. The city is home to a cargo shipping port for mined iron ore.
Gcinikhaya Mpumza
Gordon Gcinikhaya Mpumza is a South African politician for the African National Congress. He served as a member of the National Assembly from 2019 until 2024. Mpumza had previously served as the Executive Mayor and as the Municipal Manager of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality in the Eastern Cape.

Alfred Nzo District Municipality
The Alfred Nzo District Municipality (Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili sase Alfred Nzo) is one of the 6 districts of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The seat is Mount Ayliff. The majority of its 801,344 residents speak isiXhosa. The district code is DC44.

It is named after Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo, a former secretary-general of the African National Congress and the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Nelson Mandela's cabinet from 1994 to 1999.
Wilfred Conwell Bain
Wilfred Conwell Bain (January 20, 1908 – March 7, 1997) was an American music educator, a university level music school administrator (former Dean of two major music schools spanning 35 years), and an opera theater director at the collegiate level.  Bain is widely credited for rapidly transforming to national prominence both the University of North Texas College of Music as dean from 1938 to 1947, and later, Indiana University School of Music as dean from 1947 to 1973.  Both institutions are major comprehensive music schools with the largest and second largest enrollments, respectively, of all music schools accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music.  He was born in Shawville, Quebec, and died in Bloomington, Indiana.

James R. Oestreich, classical music critic for The New York Times, referred to Bain as a "legend" who lifted the Jacobs School of Music to national prominence from 1947 to 1973.

National Association of Schools of Music
The National Association of Schools of Music (NASM) is an association of post-secondary music schools in the United States and the principal U.S. accreditor for higher education in music.  It was founded on October 20, 1924, and it began accrediting schools in 1939. It is based in Reston, Virginia.
SNCF Class BB 25500
SNCF's BB 25500 class are part of a series of electric locomotives built by Alsthom. They are the dual system version of the BB 17000 (AC) and BB 8500 (DC) locomotives (17000+8500=25500). They are fitted with monomotor bogies with two different gear ratios. This allows them to have either increased tractive effort for freight, or a higher top speed. This makes them suitable for both freight and passenger trains.

They were built in three distinct batches leading to detail differences. They remain in use as mixed traffic locomotives, mostly with TER and Transilien.

SNCF Class BB 17000
The SNCF Class BB 17000 B-B was a class of AC electric locomotives built between 1965 and 1968. The class was used for suburban duties on railway lines around Paris, notably powering VB2N push-pull sets. They were monophase locomotives (running off 25 kV AC overhead supply) and had the nickname "danseuses" or "dancers". By 2020 the 105-strong class of locomotives had all been withdrawn.

One member of the class had been named, BB 17051 Cormeilles-en-Parisis.
Sino ang Maysala?
Sino ang Maysala? (lit. 'Who is at fault?') is a 1957 Philippine drama film directed by Armando Garces from a screenplay he co-wrote with Luciano B. Carlos. Adapted from the serialized novel of the same name by Fausto J. Galauran, it features an ensemble cast which includes Rogelio de la Rosa, Gloria Romero, Paraluman, Ric Rodrigo, Lolita Rodriguez, Luis Gonzales, Rosa Mia, Susan Roces and Romeo Vasquez.

Sino ang Maysala? was the highest-grossing Filipino film of 1957. It was nominated for seven FAMAS Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, winning two: Best Actress for Paraluman and Best Story for Galauran.

Paraluman
Glenda Sigrid Sophia Agatha de Torres von Giese (December 14, 1923 – April 27, 2009), known professionally as Paraluman,   was a Filipino actress whose career spanned four decades. Dubbed as the Greta Garbo of the Philippines, she is often cited as one of the greatest screen figures in the country. She first appeared in the film Flores de Mayo (1940) and rose to fame in the self-titled film opposite Fernando Poe Sr. She has since appeared in over 90 motion pictures including several foreign films such as Elephant Girl (1951) and Surrender - Hell! (1959). She has received two FAMAS Awards and has been inducted at the Eastwood City Walk of Fame.