hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Franjo Malgaj
Franjo Malgaj (November 10, 1894 – May 6, 1919) was a Slovenian soldier, military leader and poet. He was an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I, he became one of the commanding officers in the Slovene volunteer army under Rudolf Maister's command that fought against German Austrian units during the struggle for the northern Slovenian borderlands. He later became an officer in the Army of Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He died during the Austrian-Yugoslav struggles in 1919. He is considered a Slovenian national hero.

Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians (Slovene: Slovenci [slɔˈʋéːntsi]), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, and history, and speak Slovene as their native language.

Outside of Slovenia and Europe, Slovenes form diaspora groups in the United States, Canada, Argentina and Australia.
Benedict Wallet Vilakazi
Benedict Wallet Vilakazi (6 January 1906 – 26 October 1947) was a South African novelist, linguist, a descendant of the Zulu royal family, and a radically innovative poet who created a combination of traditional and Romantic poetry in the Zulu language. Vilakazi was also a professor at the University of Witwatersrand, where he became the first Black South African to teach University classes to White South Africans. In 1946, Vilakazi also became the first Black South African to receive a PhD.

Vilakazi Street along which the poet lived in the formerly segregated township of Soweto, is named after Benedict Vilakazi. Vilakazi Street is now very famous as the street where both Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu also once lived.

Zulu royal family
The Zulu royal family, also known as the House of Zulu (Zulu: abakwaZulu, lit. 'people of the place of Zulu') consists of the King of the Zulu Nation, his consorts, and all of his legitimate descendants. The legitimate descendants of all previous kings are also sometimes considered to be members.
Jörg Faerber
Jörg Faerber (18 June 1929 – 13 September 2022) was a German conductor. He founded the Württemberg Chamber Orchestra Heilbronn (WKO) in 1960 and was its artistic and managing director for over 40 years. He was known internationally, touring to the U.S., Japan and South Africa. The WKO made many recordings with soloists including Maurice André, Alfred Brendel, Gidon Kremer and Anne-Sophie Mutter.

Maurice André
Maurice André (21 May 1933 – 25 February 2012) was a French trumpeter, active in the classical music field.

He was professor of trumpet at the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique in Paris where he introduced the teaching of the piccolo trumpet including the Baroque repertoire on trumpet. André has inspired many innovations on his instrument and he contributed to the popularization of the trumpet.
Lowell Perry
Lowell Wesley Perry (December 5, 1931 – January 7, 2001) was an American professional football player and coach, government official, businessman, and broadcaster. He was the first African-American assistant coach in the National Football League (NFL), the first African American to broadcast an NFL game to a national audience, and Chrysler's first African-American plant manager. He was appointed as chairman of the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) by President Gerald Ford, holding that position from 1975 to 1976. He later served as the director of the Michigan Department of Labor from 1990 to 1996.

United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is a United States federal government agency that was established via the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to administer and enforce civil rights laws against workplace discrimination.: 12, 21  The EEOC investigates discrimination complaints based on an individual's race, color, national origin, religion, sex (including sexual orientation, pregnancy, and gender identity), age, disability, genetic information, and retaliation for participating in a discrimination complaint proceeding and/or opposing a discriminatory practice.

The commission also mediates and settles thousands of discrimination complaints each year prior to their investigation. The EEOC is also empowered to file civil discrimination suits against employers on behalf of alleged victims. The commission cannot adjudicate claims or impose administrative sanctions. Since 2025, the chair of the EEOC is Andrea R. Lucas.
Direct photon
Produced in hadronic collisions, a direct photon is any real photon which originates directly from an electromagnetic vertex in a quark-quark, quark-gluon or gluon-gluon scattering subprocess (as opposed to "indirect" photons which arise from the decays of fragmentation products).

Because the QCD calculations for direct photon production are considerably easier to perform than for other processes studies of direct photons have been used to test predictions made by perturbative QCD.

Direct photons were predicted to exist by C.O. Escobar in 1975 and were first observed by the R412 group at the Intersecting Storage Rings at CERN in 1976, and were subsequently studied by various experiments, including E705 and E706 at Fermilab, NA3, NA24, WA70 and UA6 at the CERN SPS as well as UA1 and UA2 at the CERN SPPS collider.

Super Proton Synchrotron
The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is a particle accelerator of the synchrotron type at CERN. It is housed in a circular tunnel, 6.9 km (4+1⁄3 miles) in circumference, straddling the border of France and Switzerland near Geneva, Switzerland.
The Hurt Locker (soundtrack)
The Hurt Locker (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the 2008 film of the same name. The film's original score is composed by Marco Beltrami and Buck Sanders, consisted of 12 cues from the film released as an album on June 23, 2009, by Lakeshore Records. The score received critical acclaim and won a nomination for Best Original Score at the 82nd Academy Awards. It marked Beltrami's second Academy Award-nomination after the critically acclaimed score for 3:10 to Yuma (2007).

3:10 to Yuma (2007 film)
3:10 to Yuma is a 2007 American  Western action drama film directed by James Mangold and produced by Cathy Konrad, starring Russell Crowe and Christian Bale in the lead roles, with supporting performances by Peter Fonda, Gretchen Mol, Ben Foster, Dallas Roberts, Alan Tudyk, Vinessa Shaw, and Logan Lerman. Bale plays a rancher impoverished by drought who takes on the dangerous but lucrative job of taking a notorious outlaw (Crowe) to justice.

It is the second adaptation of Elmore Leonard's 1953 short story "Three-Ten to Yuma", after the 1957 film of the same name. Filming took place in various locations in New Mexico. 3:10 to Yuma opened September 7, 2007, in the United States and received positive reviews from critics. It grossed $71 million worldwide on a budget of $48–55 million.
Baalshillem I
Baalshillem I (also transliterated Baalchillem, meaning "recompense of Baal"; Phoenician: 𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤔𐤋𐤌) was a Phoenician King of Sidon (c. 450 – c. 426 BC), and a vassal of the Achaemenid Empire. He was succeeded by his son Abdamon to the throne of Sidon.

Abdamon
Abdamon (also transliterated Abdamun ; Phoenician: 𐤏𐤁𐤃𐤀𐤌𐤍, was a Phoenician King of Sidon (c. 425 – c. 402 BC), and a vassal of the Achaemenid Empire. He was succeeded by his son Baana to the throne of Sidon.
HMS Cambrian (1939)
HMS Cambrian was a boom defence vessel of the Royal Navy in the Second World War.  She was built by Cochrane and Sons of Selby, Yorkshire in 1924 as the fishing trawler Lord Derby.  She operated on the Yorkshire coast fishery and was renamed Ocean Knight in 1935 and Stella Procyon in 1939.  Shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War she was requisitioned by the Admiralty and commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Cambrian.  Cambrian served on the defence booms around Portsmouth and was sunk there on 30 May 1940 after striking a naval mine, with the loss of 23 of her crew.  Parts of the wreck remain in the Solent and are marked by a buoy.

Cochrane Shipbuilders
53°46′52″N 1°03′01″W﻿ / ﻿53.78099°N 1.05038°W﻿ / 53.78099; -1.05038
Cochrane Shipbuilders was a shipbuilder at Selby.

Due to the narrow width of the River Ouse at Selby, Cochrane launched its ships sideways into the river.
The Grove, Portland
The Grove is a small village located at Tophill on the Isle of Portland in Dorset. The village is found close to the larger village Easton, and is most notable for containing the HM Prison Portland, including its museum Grove Prison Museum. As with the rest of Portland's villages and settlements, The Grove has been designated as a conservation area, as it is a place of special architectural and historic interest. The village was designated in 1981.

Easton, Dorset
Easton is a village on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. The village is situated at Tophill, within the centre of the island. As with the rest of Portland's villages and settlements, Easton, including the settlements Reforne and Straits, has been designated as a conservation area, as it is a place of special architectural and historic interest. Easton, Wakeham and Reforne were designated pre-1974.

The village has a small square with many shops and shopping arcade, three churches, a small park, and other amenities, including various pubs, as well as the nearby Secondary school Royal Manor Arts College, (which has now been closed down, with the only secondary school on the island being Atlantic Academy Portland). Along with Fortuneswell, Easton is the main hub of the Isle of Portland's activities. St George's Centre and The George Inn lies within the Reforne area of Easton, and provides facilities for many local events.
Taylor-Schechter 12.182
The siglum Taylor-Schechter 12.182 (T-S 12.182; also referenced as TM nr. 62326; LDAB id: 3490; Rahlfs 2005)  designates a manuscript written on parchment in codex form. This is a palimpsest of a copy of Origen's work called the Hexapla. The manuscript is dated to 7th-century AD, and is the oldest of the hexapla manuscripts. The hexapla was completed before 240 AD.

Parchment
Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves and goats. It has been used as a writing medium in West Asia and Europe for more than two millennia. By 400 AD many of the written works intended for preservation in these regions had been transferred from papyrus to parchment. Vellum is a type of fine-quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves.

The generic term animal membrane is sometimes used by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between parchment and vellum.
Kangaroo Point Cliffs
The Kangaroo Point Cliffs are heritage-listed cliffs located at Kangaroo Point just across the Brisbane River from the Brisbane CBD in Queensland, Australia. A popular recreation spot, especially for climbing and running, they are conveniently close to the city and the South Bank Parklands. The cliffs can be accessed by footpath from South Bank Parklands, Kangaroo Point Green Bridge or the Story Bridge, and also via ferry to either Holman Street or Maritime Museum ferry terminals. The cliffs were formed after stone was quarried from the site and used in the construction of a number of local structures in the Moreton Bay penal settlement.

Holman Street ferry wharf
Holman Street ferry wharf is a heritage-listed ferry wharf located on the southern side of the Brisbane River in Kangaroo Point, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is served by RiverCity Ferries' CityHopper and the Cross River service to Riverside wharf. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 2004.
Patagonian toothfish
The Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides), also known as Chilean sea bass and mero, is a species of notothen found in cold waters (1–4 °C or 34–39 °F) between depths of 45 and 3,850 m (150 and 12,630 ft) in the southern Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans and Southern Ocean on seamounts and continental shelves around most Subantarctic islands.

The average weight of a commercially caught Patagonian toothfish is 7–10 kg (15–22 lb), depending on the fishery, with large adults occasionally exceeding 100 kg (220 lb). They are thought to live up to 50 years and to reach a length up to 2.3 m (7.5 ft). Several commercial fisheries exist for Patagonian toothfish, which are detailed below.

A close relative, the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni), is found farther south around the edges of the Antarctic shelf, and a Marine Stewardship Council-certified fishery is active in the Ross Sea; it is also sometimes marketed as Chilean sea bass.

Subantarctic
The sub-Antarctic zone is a physiographic region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° and 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region. All glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers.
Steven R. Rudder
Steven R. Rudder is a retired United States Marine Corps lieutenant general and Naval Aviator. Rudder has served as Deputy Commandant for Aviation, USMC and Commanding General, United States Marine Corps Forces, Pacific.

Deputy Commandant for Aviation
The Deputy Commandant for Aviation (DCA) is the United States Marine Corps' principal advisor on all aviation matters and is the spokesperson for Marine Corps Aviation programs, requirements, and strategy throughout the Department of the Navy and the Department of Defense. DCA is normally the highest-ranking naval aviator in the Marine Corps and reports directly to the Commandant of the Marine Corps.  The role of DCA is an administrative position and has no operational command authority over United States Marine Corps Aviation forces.

DCA tour lengths have varied over the years based on war time requirements and personnel turnover.  For the last two decades, typical tour lengths have been approximately three years.  The billet is normally held by a lieutenant general.  DCA and Headquarters Marine Corps Aviation work out of The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia.
Justin Robinson (musician)
Justin Robinson (born August 14, 1968) is an American jazz alto saxophonist. He has performed with artists such as Cecil Brooks III, the Harper Brothers, Abbey Lincoln, Diana Ross, Jimmy Scott, and the Carnegie Hall Jazz Band, and the Dizzy Gillespie All Star Band, and was a long-time member of the quintet and big band of trumpeter Roy Hargrove.

Eddie Henderson (musician)
Eddie Henderson (born October 26, 1940) is an American jazz trumpet and flugelhorn player. He came to prominence in the early 1970s as a member of pianist Herbie Hancock's Mwandishi band, going on to lead his own electric/fusion groups through the decade. Henderson earned his medical degree and worked a parallel career as a psychiatrist and musician, turning back to acoustic jazz by the 1990s.
Exchamsiks River Provincial Park
Exchamsiks River Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located in the Range 5 Coast Land District, on the north side of the Skeena River between Terrace and Prince Rupert. The park's chief conservation role focuses on protecting one of the last known unlogged old-growth maritime coastal Sitka spruce-salmonberry ecosystems.

Picea sitchensis
Picea sitchensis, the Sitka spruce, is a large, coniferous, evergreen tree growing to just over 100 meters (330 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter at breast height that can exceed 5 m (16 ft). It is by far the largest species of spruce and the fifth-largest conifer in the world (behind giant sequoia, coast redwood, kauri, and western redcedar), and the third-tallest tree species (after coast redwood and South Tibetan cypress). The Sitka spruce is one of only three species documented to exceed 100 m (330 ft) in height.  Its name is derived from the community of Sitka in southeast Alaska, where it is prevalent. Its range hugs the western coast of Canada and the US and continues south into northern California.
Golconda Vyapari Brahmin
Golconda Vyapari Brahmin (also referred as Vyapari Brahmins) is a Telugu Brahmin subcaste native to the Indian states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, but also found in Maharashtra and other parts of South India. In the Telangana region they served as Patwari (Village accountant) and in Andhra Pradesh region they served as Karanams (Village accountant) and other higher officials under Qutb Shahis of Golconda and Nizams of Hyderabad.

Village accountant
A village accountant or karanam (Andhra Pradesh), patwari (Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Telangana, West Bengal), patowary (Assam), talati (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra), lekhpal (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand), village officer (Tamil Nadu, Kerala) is a government role in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Introduced during the early 16th century, it was maintained by the British Raj. The official, as a representative of the state, is responsible for keeping land records, agricultural records and collecting taxes and acting as the revenue police in certain areas where they were given special jurisdiction.

They are village-level revenue officials responsible for maintaining land records, collecting land revenue, and assisting in land surveys and verification. While the titles vary across states, their functions are broadly similar.
Lacustrine deposits
Lacustrine deposits are sedimentary rock formations which formed in the bottom of ancient lakes. A common characteristic of lacustrine deposits is that a river or stream channel has carried sediment into the basin.  Lacustrine deposits form in all lake types including rift graben lakes, oxbow lakes, glacial lakes, and crater lakes.  Lacustrine environments, like seas, are large bodies of water.  They share similar sedimentary deposits which are mainly composed of low-energy particle sizes.  Lacustrine deposits are typically very well sorted with highly laminated beds of silts, clays, and occasionally carbonates.  In regards to geologic time, lakes are temporary and once they no longer receive water, they dry up and leave a formation.

Oxbow lake
An oxbow lake is a U-shaped lake or pool that forms when a wide meander of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water. The word "oxbow" can also refer to a U-shaped bend in a river or stream, whether it is cut off from the main stream. It takes its name from an oxbow which is part of a harness for oxen to pull a plough or cart.

In South Texas, oxbows left by the Rio Grande are called resacas.  In Australia, oxbow lakes are called billabongs.
Roman switch line
The Roman switch line was a German line of defense during World War II in Italy branching off the Caesar C line and running north of Rome towards coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea.  The next line was Trasimene Line in central Italy which was intended to delay the Allies and allow the completion of the Gothic Line a major defensive works north of Florence.

Trasimene Line
The Trasimene Line (so-named for Lake Trasimene, the site of a major battle of the Second Punic War in 217 BC) was a German defensive line during the Italian Campaign of World War II. It was sometimes known as the Albert Line. The German Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring, used the line to delay the Allied northward advance in Italy in mid June 1944 to buy time to withdraw troops to the Gothic Line and finalise the preparation of its defenses.
Jha'Quan Jackson
Jha'Quan Brian Jackson (born May 15, 2000) is an American professional football wide receiver and return specialist for the St. Louis Battlehawks of the United Football League (UFL). He previously played for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Tulane Green Wave and was selected by the Titans in the sixth round of the 2024 NFL draft.

United Football League (2024–present)
The United Football League (UFL) is a professional American football spring league in the United States. The league was created following the merger of the latest iterations of the XFL and United States Football League (USFL); it started play in March 2024. It comprises eight teams, five of which were members of the XFL or USFL prior to the UFL's creation, and all concentrated in the Midwest and Southern United States.
Christopher John Barber
Christopher John Barber (born 1975) is a Canadian trucking company operator and activist who co-led the Canadian convoy protest. He was arrested on February 17, 2022, and released on bail the next day. He gave evidence at the Public Order Emergency Commission in November 2022, speaking about his power struggles with fellow organizer Pat King. In April 2025, Barber was convicted of mischief and counselling others to ignore a court order.

Mischief
Mischief (or malicious mischief) is a class of criminal offenses that are defined differently in different legal jurisdictions. While the wrongful acts will often involve what is popularly described as vandalism, there can be a legal differentiation between vandalism and mischief. The etymology of the word comes from Old French meschief, which means "misfortune", from meschever, "to end badly".
Stanford Research Park
Stanford Research Park (SRP) is a technology park established in 1951 as a joint initiative between Stanford University and the City of Palo Alto. It was the world's first university research park.  It has more than 150 companies, including Rivian, HP, Tesla, SAP and Broadcom; previous high-profile tenants include Steve Jobs's NeXT Computer, Xerox PARC, and Facebook. It has been called "an engine for Silicon Valley" and "the epicenter of Silicon Valley".

HP Inc.
HP Inc. is an American multinational information technology company with its headquarters in Palo Alto, California, that develops personal computers (PCs), printers and related supplies, as well as 3D printing services. It is the world's second-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales after Lenovo and ahead of Dell as of 2024.

HP Inc. was founded in 2015 when the original Hewlett-Packard Company split into two companies. The old company's enterprise product and business services divisions were spun-off into a new publicly traded company, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, while Hewlett-Packard itself was renamed as HP Inc. and retained the personal computer and printer services divisions of its predecessor, serving as the legal successor of the original company that was founded in 1939. HP is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the S&P 500 Index. In the 2023 Fortune 500 list, HP is ranked 63rd-largest United States corporation by total revenue.