hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Assyrian politics in Iraq
Assyrian politics in Iraq have been taking many different turns since the US invasion of the country in 2003. Today, there are many different Assyrian political parties in Iraq. The main Assyrian party that came out from the 2005 elections was the Assyrian Democratic Movement. However, Sarkis Aghajan began to challenge its power beginning in 2006 with the opening of Ishtar TV and the KDP-affiliated Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council.

As of 2025, owing to continuous violence and political marginalization, Assyrians no longer have proper political representation in Iraq. Many of the seats that are reserved for the community have since been hijacked by the Kurdistan Democratic Party and Babylon Movement under the leadership of Rayan al-Kildani.

Rayan al-Kildani
Rayan Salem Sadiq al-Kildani (Arabic: ريان سالم صادق الكلداني), better known as Rayan al-Kildani (Arabic: ريان الكلداني, lit. 'Rayan the Chaldean'), is an Iraqi Assyrian politician who serves as the general secretary of the Babylon Movement, as well as its military component, the Babylon Brigade. He rose to power after founding the party in 2014, which had initially been involved in defending the Nineveh Plains from ISIS when they were at their most active.

Al-Kildani has received a multitude of scrutiny for the Babylon Brigade and its role in human rights violations. Videos of Rayan cutting off a prisoner's ear have surfaced, and his movement has been known to loot homes in Assyrian villages such as Bartella. On July 18, 2019, United States Vice President Mike Pence announced the imposition of sanctions on al-Kildani on the basis of the Magnitsky Act, acknowledging his ties to the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) and Iranian general Qasem Soleimani.
Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka
The Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka, commonly known as the Appeal Court, is the second most senior court in the Sri Lankan legal system, with only the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka above it. Established in 1971, under the Court of Appeal Act No. 44 of 1971, the Appeal Court has jurisdiction to hear appeals from the High Court or any lower court; its own decisions may be additionally appealed to the Supreme Court. The Appeal Court is headed by the president of the Court of Appeal.

Supreme Court of Sri Lanka
The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණය, romanized: Śrī Laṅkā Śreṣthādikaranaya; Tamil: இலங்கை உயர் நீதிமன்றம், romanized: Ilaṇkai uyar nītimaṉṟam) is the highest court in Sri Lanka and the final judicial instance of record. Established in 1801 and empowered to exercise its powers subject to the provisions of the Constitution of Sri Lanka, the Supreme Court has ultimate appellate jurisdiction in constitutional matters and takes precedence over all lower courts. The Sri Lankan judicial system is a complex blend of common law and civil law. In some cases, such as those involving capital punishment, the decision may be passed on to the President of Sri Lanka for clemency petitions. The current Chief Justice of Sri Lanka is Padman Surasena.
Doryxylon
Doryxylon is a monotypic plant genus in the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1857. The sole species is Doryxylon spinosum. It is found on the Island of Luzon in the Philippines and in the Lesser Sunda Islands of southern Indonesia.

Formerly included

Doryxylon albicans (Blume) N.P.Balakr. syn of Sumbaviopsis albicans (Blume) J.J.Sm.

Sumbaviopsis
Sumbaviopsis is a genus of plants in the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1910.  It contains only one known species, Sumbaviopsis albicans, native to Yunnan, the eastern Himalayas, and Southeast Asia (Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines).
Alli Petra Pillai
Alli Petra Pillai (transl. The son of Alli) is a 1959 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by K. Somu and written by A. P. Nagarajan. Produced by A. Maruthakasi, K. V. Mahadevan, Violin Mahadevan and V. K. Muthuramalingam, the film stars S. S. Rajendran, S. V. Sahasranamam, M. N. Rajam and Pandari Bai. It is a remake of the Hindi film Tonga-wali (1955). Cinematography was handled V. K. Gopanna, and editing by T. V. Jayarangan. The film was released on 31 July 1959, and failed at the box office.

Pandari Bai
Pandari Bai (18 September 1928 – 29 January 2003) was an Indian actress who worked in South Indian cinema, mostly in Kannada cinema during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. She is considered Kannada cinema's first successful heroine. She has acted as both heroine and mother to stalwarts such as Rajkumar, M. G. Ramachandran, Sivaji Ganesan. She was the heroine in Rajkumar's debut movie Bedara Kannappa and also Sivaji's debut movie Parasakthi. She has acted in over 1,000 films in Kannada, Tamil, Telugu and Hindi.  Bai was honoured by  Kalaimamani from the Tamil Nadu government.
Battle of Cao Binh (1677)
Battle of Cao Binh or Fall of Cao Binh, was the last battle of the Mạc dynasty's army in Vietnam history, when Trịnh Lords's army attack Cao Binh Citadel - the last capital of the Mạc dynasty. The battle happened in August 1677, at Cao Bằng, North Vietnam. Trịnh Lords's army leading by commander Đinh Văn Tả and Nguyễn Hữu Đăng, with 100.000 troops. Mạc Kính Vũ emperor run away to China. Mạc force was defeated, bringing an end to the Lê-Mạc war. The Cao Bằng territory back to Đại Việt.

Trịnh lords
The Trịnh lords (Vietnamese: Chúa Trịnh; Chữ Hán: 主鄭; 1545–1787), formally titled as Viceroy of Trịnh (Vietnamese: Trịnh Vương ; chữ Hán: 鄭王), also known as the House of Trịnh or the Trịnh clan (Trịnh thị; 鄭氏), were a feudal noble clan that ruled Đàng Ngoài (known by the exonym Tonkin) during the Revival Lê dynasty. The Trịnh lords were de jure subordinates of the Lê dynasty emperors but were in actuality the de facto rulers of northern Vietnam.

The Trịnh clan and their rivals, the Nguyễn clan, were called "Chúa" (主, Lord) by their subjects and controlled northern and southern Vietnam respectively, leaving the Later Lê emperors as rulers in name only. The Trịnh clan produced 12 lords who dominated the royal court of the Later Lê dynasty and ruled northern Vietnam for more than two centuries.
Without a Trace (1983 film)
Without a Trace is a 1983 American drama film directed by Stanley R. Jaffe and starring Kate Nelligan, Judd Hirsch, David Dukes and Stockard Channing. Adapted by screenwriter Beth Gutcheon from her own 1981 novel Still Missing, the story is partly based on the real-life disappearance of Etan Patz.

Kate Nelligan
Patricia Colleen Nelligan (born March 16, 1950), known professionally as Kate Nelligan, is a Canadian stage, film and television actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1991 film The Prince of Tides, and the same year won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Frankie and Johnny. She is also a four-time Tony Award nominee for her work on Broadway, receiving nominations for Plenty (1983), A Moon for the Misbegotten (1984), Serious Money (1988) and Spoils of War (1989).
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1904–1907
This is a list of members of the 15th Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1904 to 1907, as elected at the 1904 state election held on 27 August 1904.

At the start of the period, the state was governed by a coalition of a Liberal group led by Arthur Morgan, and the Labour Party led by William Kidston, while the Conservatives led by former Premier Robert Philp sat in opposition. In 1906, Morgan left to become president of the Queensland Legislative Council, replacing Hugh Nelson who had died on 1 January, and Kidston became Premier. By March 1907, a major realignment had taken place — Kidston had split away to form his own party, the "Kidstonites", taking the ministry, numerous MPs and the coalition with him. By the 1907 state election, the parliamentary parties were as follows:

Kidstonites, led by William Kidston, consisting of Liberals and former Labour members.

Labour Party, led by David Bowman.

Philp Party (Conservative), led by Robert Philp.

Hugh Nelson (Australian politician)
Sir Hugh Muir Nelson, KCMG  (31 December 1833 – 1 January 1906) was an Australian politician who was Premier of Queensland from 1893 to 1898.

Hugh Nelson was born at Kilmarnock, Scotland, the son of William Lambie Nelson. Nelson died at Toowoomba on 1 January 1906.
Gary Barnacle
Gary Barnacle (born 1959) is an English saxophonist, flautist, brass instrument arranger, composer, and producer. Barnacle is primarily noted for his session work and live work, including various Prince's Trust concerts at Wembley Arena, the Royal Albert Hall and the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham. He performed at the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute at Wembley Stadium in 1988, and appeared on television and in music videos during the 1980s and 1990s with many popular music acts. He was also in a new wave duo called Leisure Process from 1982 to 1983 with ex-Positive Noise singer Ross Middleton.

Simon Harris (musician)
Simon Harris (10 September 1962 – 13 February 2026) was a British music producer, DJ, remixer and electronic musician from London, predominantly known for his 1988 hit song "Bass (How Low Can You Go?)". He was also the founder of the hip hop label Music of Life and produced much of its catalogue.
All India Jute Textile Workers Federation
All India Jute Textile Workers' Federation, a trade union of jute mill workers in India. The union is affiliated to the Hind Mazdoor Sabha.

In 2019, the All India Jute Textile Workers Federation, along with many other unions represented the workmen in West Bengal and took part in the tripartite talks.

Hind Mazdoor Sabha
The Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS) was formed by the Socialists in 1948 but has little real connection with the Socialist Party. It is one of the least political and most pragmatic trade-union federations in India.   The HMS is affiliated with the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.
Thomas Henry Barker
Thomas Henry Barker (18 May 1841 – 9 April 1917) was Secretary of the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce from 1884 to 1912. He was made Chevalier of the Order of Saint Anna for his services (along with those of Alfred Lewis Jones) to the duma during the Russian imperial visit to Cowes in 1909.

Alfred Lewis Jones
Sir Alfred Lewis Jones KCMG comYC (24 February 1845 – 13 December 1909) was a Welsh businessman and ship-owner. Described by W. T. Stead as "The Uncrowned King of West Africa", Jones was a pre-eminent figure in the colonial shipping trade who amassed considerable business through his many exploits. He was also regarded as a public benefactor in later life and through the execution of his will.
James Warner Bellah
James Warner Bellah (September 14, 1899 – September 22, 1976) was an American 
Western author from the 1930s to the 1950s.  His pulp-fiction writings on cavalry and Indians were published in paperbacks or serialized in the Saturday Evening Post.

Bellah was the author of 19 novels, including The Valiant Virginian (the inspiration for the 1961 NBC television series The Americans), and Blood River. Some of his short stories were turned into films by John Ford, including Fort Apache, She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, and Rio Grande.  With Willis Goldbeck he wrote the screenplays for Sergeant Rutledge (1960) and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962).

Willis Goldbeck
Willis Goldbeck (October 24, 1898 – September 17, 1979) was an American screenwriter, film director and producer. He wrote for 40 films between 1923 and 1962. He also directed ten films between 1942 and 1951. Willis graduated from Worcester Academy.
HMS Syrtis
HMS Syrtis was a third-batch S-class submarine built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. Completed in 1943, Syrtis spent most of her career in the Arctic, off Norway, other than a single patrol in the Bay of Biscay,

On her first patrol, she sighted a German submarine, but could not attack it. Her second patrol saw the submarine board a Vichy French fishing vessel. Syrtis was then assigned to take part in Operation Source, an attack on the German battleships based in Norway, using midget submarines. The boat was to tow the submarine X9 to her target, then release it to perform its mission. However, the tow line between the two submarines parted en route, and X9 was lost with all hands.

Syrtis went on to conduct three patrols off Norway, but these were uneventful. On 16 March, the submarine started another patrol in the Arctic, and sank one Norwegian merchant ship. She never returned, and was most probably sunk by mines.

Midget submarine
A midget submarine is any submarine under 150 tons, typically operated by a crew of one or two but sometimes up to six or nine, with little or no on-board living accommodation. They normally work with mother ships, from which they are launched and recovered and which provide living accommodation for the crew and support staff.

Both military and civilian midget submarines have been built. Military types work with surface ships and other submarines as mother ships. Civilian and non-combatant military types are generally called submersibles and normally work with surface ships. Most early submarines would now be considered midget submarines, such as the United States Navy's USS Holland (SS-1) and the British Royal Navy's HMS Holland 1 (both named for the same designer).
Damien Russell
Damien Eduardo Russell (born August 20, 1970) is an American former professional football defensive back who played one season with the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the 49ers in the sixth round of the 1992 NFL draft after playing college football at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

1992 NFL draft
The 1992 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 26–27, 1992, at the Marriott Marquis in New York City, New York. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

The 1992 draft was notable because for the first time since 1958 one team, the Indianapolis Colts, held the first two overall picks, selecting defensive end Steve Emtman and then linebacker Quentin Coryatt. Neither made a major impact in the league, and the 1992 draft in retrospect is considered one of the worst in league history. It is the third draft following 1984 and 1943 to produce no Pro Football Hall of Famers. It was also the final NFL draft featuring twelve rounds of selections; the league would reduce the rounds to eight the following season, and then seven the year after that, where it has remained since.
Nieuw Amsterdam, Suriname
Nieuw Amsterdam (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌniu ɑmstərˈdɑm]) is the capital of the Commewijne District in Suriname. It is a small coastal town situated at the confluence of the Suriname River and Commewijne River, just across from Paramaribo, the country's capital. Its population at the 2012 census was 5,650, with around 1,200 people living in the main town, most of whom are of Javanese and East Indian origin. It is the location of the historical Fort Nieuw-Amsterdam, today an open-air museum. The town of Mariënburg with former sugarcane factory is located 3 km from Nieuw Amsterdam and part of the resort.

Paramaribo
Paramaribo is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 252,581 people as of 2025 estimate, almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002.
O. J. Tselapedi
Oabetswe Johannes Tselapedi (28 January 1956 – 6 June 2021) was a South African politician who served in the North West Provincial Legislature. He was the second Speaker of the North West Provincial Legislature from 1999 to 2004 and then was the North West's Member of the Executive Council (MEC) for Education from April 2004 until November 2010, when he was fired by newly elected Premier Thandi Modise.

Tselapedi was a member of the African National Congress (ANC) and served as the party's Deputy Provincial Chairperson in the North West from 1996 to 1998. He was serving as a local councillor in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality at the time of his death in 2021.

Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality
The Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality (Tswana: Mmasepala wa Sedika wa Ngaka Modiri Molema), formerly the Central District Municipality, is one of the four districts of the North West province of South Africa. Its capital is Mafikeng, which is also the capital of the province. It was named after Dr. Silas Molema (1891-1965), a South African doctor, politician, activist, and historian who was born in Mafeking.
Daniel Načinović
Daniel Načinović (born January 29, 1952) is a Croatian poet, prose writer, essayist, journalist, and translator.

A member of the Croatian Writers' Association and the Croatian Journalists' Association, Načinović grew up in Labin and completed his studies in Pula. He then moved to Italy, to pursue his studies of the Italian language. Načinović started writing poetry in high school. His first collection of poems, Watercolors, was published in 1973. Since then, many more collections have been published, and he also authored several essays and works of prose. Today Načinović is also appreciated for his children's books, some of which he both wrote and illustrated. As Načinović  is native of coastal Istria, many of his works are in the Chakavian dialect.

Croatian Writers' Association
Croatian Writers' Association (Croatian: Društvo hrvatskih književnika; abbreviated DHK) is the official association of Croatian writers. It was founded in 1900 in Zagreb with the goal "to unite writers and help them support one another, and promote Croatian literature regardless of political objectives", "to protect the interests and increase the reputation of writers" and "supports its members and their orphans." The DHK's president is Hrvojka Mihanović Salopek, while Željka Lovrenčić and Mirko Ćurić are vice-presidents.
Nepenthes maryae
Nepenthes maryae is a tropical pitcher plant native to Central Sulawesi province on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It is known from a single herbarium specimen collected in 2000 on an undisclosed mountain  at 2,100 m above sea level, where the species grew in submontane mossy forest alongside N. eymae, N. nigra, and N. tentaculata. It is a member of section Tentaculatae, which also includes 8 other species from Borneo and Sulawesi: N. glabrata, N. hamata, N. muluensis, N. murudensis, N. nigra, N. pitopangii, N. tentaculata, and N. undulatifolia. Nepenthes maryae is distinguished from all other species in this group by the presence of short hairs on the lower surface of the pitcher lid and bracts on the majority (c. 75%) of flowers.

The specific epithet maryae commemorates Mary Mendum (née Bates) (1945–2004), a botanist at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.

Nepenthes glabrata
Nepenthes glabrata /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ɡlæˈbrɑːtə/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sulawesi. The species grows in open, high forest at elevations of 1,600 to 2,100 m. It produces dainty, colourful pitchers reaching only a few centimetres in height. These traps are red speckled on a yellowish background, giving them a "hand painted" appearance.

The specific epithet glabrata is derived from the Latin word glaber, meaning "hairless", and refers to the mostly glabrous nature of this species.
Her Fatal Millions
Her Fatal Millions is a 1923 American Metro Pictures silent comedy film directed by William Beaudine. It stars
Viola Dana, Huntley Gordon, and Allan Forrest. It is not known if the film currently survives, which suggests that it is a lost film.

Viola Dana
Viola Dana (born Virginia Flugrath; June 26, 1897 – July 3, 1987) was an American film actress during the era of silent films. She appeared in over 100 films, but was unable to make the transition to sound films.
USS San Pedro
USS San Pedro (PF-37), a Tacoma-class frigate in commission from 1943 to 1945, thus far has been the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for San Pedro, California. She later served in the Soviet Navy as EK-5 and in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force as Kaya (PF-8), Kaya (PF-288) and as YAC-23.

Tacoma-class frigate
The Tacoma class was a class of 96 patrol frigates which served in the United States Navy during World War II and the Korean War. Originally classified as gunboats (PG), they were reclassified as patrol frigates (PF) on 15 April 1943. The class is named for its lead ship, Tacoma, a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) S2-S2-AQ1 design, which in turn was named for the city of Tacoma, Washington. Twenty-one ships were transferred to the British Royal Navy, in which they were known as Colony-class frigates, and twenty-eight ships were transferred under Lend-Lease to the Soviet Navy, where they were designated as storozhevoi korabl ("escort ships"), during World War II. All Tacoma-class ships in US service during World War II were manned by United States Coast Guard crews. Tacoma-class ships were transferred to the United States Coast Guard and various navies post-World War II.
Medial meniscus
The medial meniscus is a fibrocartilage semicircular band that spans the knee joint medially, located between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia. It is also referred to as the internal semilunar fibrocartilage. The medial meniscus has more of a crescent shape while the lateral meniscus is more circular. The anterior aspects of both menisci are connected by the transverse ligament. It is a common site of injury, especially if the knee is twisted.

Femur
The femur (/ˈfiːmər/; pl.: femurs or femora /ˈfɛmərə/), or thigh bone is the only bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many four-legged animals, the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg.

The top of the femur fits into a socket in the pelvis called the hip joint, and the bottom of the femur connects to the shinbone (tibia) and kneecap (patella) to form the knee. In humans the femur is the  largest and thickest bone in the body.
Filip Lončarić
Filip Lončarić (born 17 September 1986) is a Croatian retired professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Lončarić joined GNK Dinamo Zagreb in 1994, aged just eight and made his breakthrough to the first-team squad for the 2005–06 season. He had a brief loan-spell at Dinamo Zagreb's feeder team NK Lokomotiva, but made no competitive appearances. With Dinamo, Lončarić won seven Prva HNL titles, five Croatian Cup titles and two Croatian Super Cups. After Dinamo, he played at CS Gaz Metan Mediaș, FK Željezničar Sarajevo, NK Osijek, HŠK Zrinjski Mostar and Tromsø IL, before retiring from football in August 2018 at the age of 31.

In the national team, Lončarić played for various youth selections from 2002 to 2007. He was capped a total of 47 times, most of which he made playing for the under-17 and under-19 teams.

2005–06 Croatian First Football League
The 2005–06 Croatian First Football League (officially known as the Prva HNL Ožujsko for sponsorship reasons) was the fifteenth season of the Croatian First Football League, the national championship for men's association football teams in Croatia, since its establishment in 1992. The season started on 20 July 2005 and ended on 13 May 2006. Hajduk Split were the defending champions, having won their eighteenth championship title the previous season. Dinamo Zagreb won the title, after a win against Osijek on 6 May 2006, which started his eleventh year dominance.