hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paradox of hedonism
The paradox of hedonism, also called the pleasure paradox, refers to the practical difficulties encountered in the pursuit of pleasure. For the hedonist, constant pleasure-seeking may not yield the most actual pleasure or happiness in the long term when consciously pursuing pleasure interferes with experiencing it.

The term "paradox of hedonism" was coined by utilitarian philosopher Henry Sidgwick in The Methods of Ethics. Variations appear in the realms of philosophy, psychology, and economics.

Henry Sidgwick
Henry Sidgwick (/ˈsɪdʒwɪk/; 31 May 1838 – 28 August 1900) was an English utilitarian philosopher and economist and is best known in philosophy for his utilitarian treatise The Methods of Ethics. His work in economics has also had a lasting influence.

He was the Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Cambridge from 1883 until his death. He was one of the founders and first president of the Society for Psychical Research and a member of the Metaphysical Society and promoted the higher education of women.

In 1875, with Millicent Garrett Fawcett, he co-founded Newnham College, a women-only constituent college of the University of Cambridge. It was the second Cambridge college to admit women, after Girton College.

In 1856 Sidgwick joined the Cambridge Apostles intellectual secret society.
Eva Flying
Eva M. Flying (Cheyenne: Võestaā'e) is an American academic administrator and health advocate who serves as the president of Chief Dull Knife College. A member of the Northern Cheyenne Tribe, she became the first woman to lead the college upon her appointment in 2022. Flying has a background in health and wellness program management and was appointed to the board of trustees for the American Indian College Fund in 2025.

Chief Dull Knife College
Chief Dull Knife College is a public tribal land-grant community college on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation in Lame Deer, Montana. It is an open-admission college with about 141 students. On average, more than half of its graduates move on to four-year colleges.

The college has one main building which houses administration, faculty offices, cafeteria facilities, bookstore, a learning center and sufficient classroom space to serve 300 students. Specialized laboratory facilities include a science laboratory, two computing labs, and a distance learning center and welding laboratory. In addition, separate facilities house the library, information technology, cultural center, the early childhood learning center, the adult education literacy center, the technical skills center, student activities center, student learning center, student lounge and Vocational Rehabilitation Center.
Midnight City
"Midnight City" is a song by French electronic music band M83. It was first released in France on 16 August 2011, as the lead single from the group's sixth studio album, Hurry Up, We're Dreaming (2011). The song was written by Anthony Gonzalez, Yann Gonzalez, Morgan Kibby and Justin Meldal-Johnsen.

The track saw international success, peaking at number eight in France and charting on Billboard Alternative Songs and Rock Songs charts. Due to French network TF1's use of the song as the closing theme after the UEFA Euro 2012 football matches, the song topped the digital French chart. Elsewhere, "Midnight City" rose to acclaim in the United Kingdom in 2012, following its selection as the theme to reality TV show Made in Chelsea and prominent usage for the BBC's London 2012 Olympic Games coverage; it peaked at number thirty-four on the UK Singles Chart.

Made in Chelsea
Made in Chelsea (MIC) is a British structured-reality television series broadcast by E4. Made in Chelsea chronicles the lives of affluent young people in the West London and South West areas of Belgravia, King's Road, Chelsea, Fulham and Knightsbridge, as well as their travels to other locations around the world.
Neeme Väli
Neeme Väli (born 1 June 1965, in Paide) is an Estonian Major General of the Estonian Defence League.

He was one of re-establishers of Estonian Defence League in 1990.

In 1996 he become Chief of Staff of the Headquarters of the Estonian Defence League. At the same time, he was also Acting Commander of the Estonian Defence League.

In March 2011, he was appointed as Estonian Military Representative to NATO and European Union.

Estonian Defence League
The Estonian Defence League (Estonian: Kaitseliit, 'Defence League') is a voluntary national defence organization of the Republic of Estonia, under management of the Ministry of Defence. Its aim is to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state, the integrity of its land area and its constitutional order.

The Defence League possesses arms and engages in military exercises, fulfilling the tasks given to it by the law. The organization is divided into 4 Territorial Defence Districts that consist of 15 Defence League regional units, called malevs, whose areas of responsibility mostly coincide with the borders of Estonian counties.
Clinica de Migrantes
Clinica de Migrantes is a 2016 HBO documentary short produced by Third Party Films that investigates the intersection between immigration and healthcare through the work of Puentes de Salud, a volunteer-run network of clinics providing preventive care to the Latino community of South Philadelphia.

It has won several awards, including the  Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films Best Documentary Short Award and  the Telluride Mountainfilm Festival Norman Vaughan Human Spirit Award (2016).

Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films
The Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films (a.k.a. Palm Springs International ShortFest) held annually in Palm Springs, California is the largest film festival for short films in the United States.

The Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films takes place across seven days each June, showing more than 350 short films every year, and hosting a Short Film Market with over 3,000 new short films annually. It also presents a three-day program of seminars, master classes, panels and roundtable discussions with free admission for all filmmaking and industry guests. An AMPAS qualifying Festival, PSISF has hosted 97 short films in its 19-year history that went on to secure Oscar nominations in the short film categories.

The Festival of Short Films is a spin-off of the Palm Springs International Film Festival (PSIFF) that takes place each January.

In 2021 the main PSIFF festival was not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the ShortFest went ahead on June 22–28.
D. S. Kapoor
D. S. Kapoor (born 1954) is an Indian art historian and educator. He completed a bachelor of arts degree at Government College of Arts, Chandigarh (GCA) and began a career as a commercial artist. Later, he moved to art education, teaching at St. John's School. In 1990, he became a faculty member of the GCA, and served as the acting principal of the college from 2009 to 2012. After his retirement, he was appointed the dean of the Pandit Lakhmi Chand State University of Performing and Visual Arts, and then as an Officer on Special Duty at the National Institute of Design, Kurukshetra.

Kapoor designed a replica of the Eiffel Tower in Chandigarh, to serve as an entrance to the annual Chandigarh Carnival. He authored a coffee table book on the GCA's 140-year history titled History and Heritage, Government College of Art (INDIA), which was released in 2018.

National Institutes of Design
The National Institutes of Design (NID) is a group of autonomous public design institutes in India, with the first institute established in 1961 in Ahmedabad. The other NIDs are located in the cities of Kurukshetra, Amaravati, Jorhat and Bhopal. The NIDs function autonomously under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. The NIDs are recognised by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research of the government's Ministry of Science and Technology as a scientific and industrial research organisation. The institutes are accorded the status of Institutes of National Importance under the National Institute of Design Act, 2014.
1958 New Mexico gubernatorial election
The 1958 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 1958, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Incumbent Republican Edwin L. Mechem ran for reelection to a fourth term against Democrat John Burroughs. Burroughs narrowly defeated Mechem in the state's closest gubernatorial election since 1924. Mechem was the last Republican to carry Guadalupe County until Susana Martinez in 2010.

Edwin L. Mechem
Edwin Leard Mechem (July 2, 1912 – November 27, 2002) was an American attorney, politician, and jurist from New Mexico. He served as the 15th, 17th, and 19th governor of New Mexico, the first person born in the 20th century to become the state's governor, as well as the first person born in New Mexico after statehood to ascend to the office. During his final term as governor, Mechem appointed himself as a United States Senator, pursuant to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. During his tenure, he was one of five non-Southern Republicans in the Senate to vote against the Civil Rights Act 1964. He was defeated in his bid to keep his senate seat in the 1964 United States Senate election in New Mexico. He later served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico.
Stephan Dippenaar
Stephanus Christiaan Dippenaar (born 3 January 1988) is a South African rugby union footballer. He currently represents the South Africa national sevens team in the IRB Sevens World Series. Between 2008 and 2011 he played for the Bulls in Super Rugby and the Blue Bulls in the Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup.

Dippenaar represented South Africa's under-19 team at the 2007 Under 19 Rugby World Championship in Ireland. In 2008, he played for South Africa's under-20 team at the Junior World Championship in Wales. He made his international sevens debut for the South African sevens team in 2012 at the Wellington Sevens.

In 2013, he was included in the squad for the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens. Dippenaar was injured at the 2015 Hong Kong Sevens and was replaced by Ruhan Nel. He had just recovered from an injury he sustained at the Gold Coast Sevens at the beginning of the series.

On 17 October 2017, Dippenaar announced his retirement from rugby on Twitter.

Bulls (rugby union)
The Bulls (known for sponsorship reasons as the Vodacom Bulls) are a South African professional rugby union team based in Pretoria. They play their home matches at Loftus Versfeld. They compete in the United Rugby Championship, having competed in the Super Rugby competition until 2020 and the domestic Currie Cup competition.

The side won the Super 14 in 2007, 2009 and 2010, placing them among the most successful teams in Super Rugby history with three titles. They were the most successful team of the Super 14 era (2006–10), winning three out of the five titles. They are the most successful South African team, and the only South African team to win a Super Rugby title.

Formerly known as Northern Transvaal the side has competed in the Currie Cup since 1937 before becoming the Bulls in 1997.
Dry etching
Dry etching refers to the removal of material, typically a masked pattern of semiconductor material, by exposing the material to a bombardment of ions (usually a plasma of reactive gases such as fluorocarbons, oxygen, chlorine, boron trichloride; sometimes with addition of nitrogen, argon, helium and other gases) that dislodge portions of the material from the exposed surface.  A common type of dry etching is reactive-ion etching. Unlike with many (but not all, see isotropic etching) of the wet chemical etchants used in wet etching, the dry etching process typically etches directionally or anisotropically.

Plasma etching
Plasma etching is a form of plasma processing used to fabricate integrated circuits. It involves a high-speed stream of glow discharge (plasma) of an appropriate gas mixture being shot (in pulses) at a sample. The plasma source, known as etch species, can be either charged (ions) or neutral (atoms and radicals). During the process, the plasma generates volatile etch products at room temperature from the chemical reactions between the elements of the material etched and the reactive species generated by the plasma. Eventually the atoms of the shot element embed themselves at or just below the surface of the target, thus modifying the physical properties of the target.
Cyclone Gavin (1985)
Tropical Cyclone Gavin was the third named tropical cyclone to impact Fiji, as well as the fourth to impact Vanuatu, during the 1984-85 South Pacific cyclone season. The system was first noted as a tropical depression during March 2, while it was located within a monsoon trough of low pressure in between Espiritu Santo and Rotuma. Over the next couple of days the system gradually developed further, before it was classified as a tropical cyclone and named Gavin during March 4.

Monsoon trough
The monsoon trough is a convergence zone between the wind patterns of the southern and northern hemispheres. It is a portion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the Western Pacific, and is depicted by a line on a weather map showing the locations of minimum sea level pressure.

Westerly monsoon winds lie in its equatorward portion while easterly trade winds exist poleward of the trough. Right along its axis, heavy rains can be found which usher in the peak of a location's respective rainy season. The monsoon trough plays a role in creating many of the world's rainforests.

The term monsoon trough is most commonly used in monsoonal regions of the Western Pacific such as Asia and Australia. The migration of the ITCZ/monsoon trough into a landmass heralds the beginning of the annual rainy season during summer months. Depressions and tropical cyclones often form in the vicinity of the monsoon trough, with each capable of producing a year's worth of rainfall in a matter of days.
Haas Building (Los Angeles)
Haas Building, also known as the Broadway Exchange Building, is a historic twelve-story building located at 219 West 7th Street and 660 South Broadway,  in the Broadway Theater District in the historic core of Downtown Los Angeles. It was originally owned by Abraham Haas and was completed in 1915.

Abraham Haas
Abraham Haas (1847 – August 8, 1921) was an American businessman, co-founder of Hellman, Haas & Co. (later Haas, Baruch & Co., which ultimately merged with Smart & Final), and patriarch of the Haas family, the primary shareholders of Levi Strauss & Co.
Phaedra Ellis-Lamkins
Phaedra Ellis-Lamkins (born 1976) is an American technology entrepreneur and business leader.

Ellis-Lamkins is the co-founder and CEO of Promise, a California-based technology company that partners with government agencies and utilities to digitize and streamline essential public infrastructure, including payment systems, compliance monitoring, and service reconnections. Prior to this, she served as the Head of Care at Honor, the CEO of the anti-poverty organization Green For All, and the Executive Officer of the South Bay AFL–CIO Labor Council, an organized labor federation representing more than 100 unions and more than 110,000 members in California's Santa Clara and San Benito counties.  She was also executive director of Working Partnerships USA, a coalition of community groups, and labor and faith organizations working to address economic disparities in California's Silicon Valley.

Green for All
Green For All is an organization whose stated goal is to build a green economy while simultaneously lifting citizens out of poverty. It is a DC-based group that brings unions and environmentalists together to push for anti-poverty measures and a clean-energy economy. Green For All was co-founded by Van Jones, former head of the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights and Majora Carter former head of Sustainable South Bronx, and was officially launched in September 2007 at the Clinton Global Initiative.
Crayon Shin-chan: Fierceness That Invites Storm! The Kasukabe Boys of the Evening Sun
Crayon Shin-chan: Fierceness That Invites Storm! The Kasukabe Boys of the Evening Sun (クレヨンしんちゃん 嵐を呼ぶ!夕陽のカスカベボーイズ, Kureyon Shinchan: Arashi o Yobu! Yūhi no Kasukabe Bōizu), also known as Shin Chan the Western: the Adventures of the Kasukabe Boys, is a 2004 anime film. It is the 12th film based on the popular comedy manga and anime series Crayon Shin-chan. The film was released to theatres on April 17, 2004 in Japan. It was released as Crayon Shinchan The Movie: Evening Sun Kasukabe Boys with English subtitles on VCD and DVD by PMP Entertainment.

The film was produced by Shin-Ei Animation, the studio behind the anime television.

Crayon Shin-chan
Crayon Shin-chan (Japanese: クレヨンしんちゃん, Hepburn: Kureyon Shin-chan) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yoshito Usui. Crayon Shin-chan made its first appearance in 1990 in a Japanese weekly magazine called Weekly Manga Action, which was published by Futabasha. Due to the death of author Yoshito Usui, the manga in its original form ended on September 11, 2009. A new manga began in the summer of 2010 by members of Usui's team, titled New Crayon Shin-chan (新クレヨンしんちゃん, Shin Kureyon Shin-chan).

An animated television adaptation began airing on TV Asahi in 1992 and is still ongoing, with over 1200 episodes. The show has been dubbed in 30 languages which aired in 45 countries. As of 2023, both the Crayon Shin-Chan and New Crayon Shin-Chan series has over 148 million copies in circulation, making it among the best-selling manga series in history.
Fashion War
Fashion War (Chinese: 潮流教主; Cantonese Yale: Chìuhlàuh Gāaujyú; literally "Trendsetter") is a 2016 Hong Kong television drama created and produced by TVB, starring Moses Chan, Him Law and Sisley Choi as the main leads. It premiered on Hong Kong's TVB Jade and Malaysia's Astro On Demand on February 29, 2016 airing Monday through Sunday during its 9:30-10:30 pm timeslot and concluding March 20, 2016 with a total of 20 episodes. The show's producer is Dave Fong, and the head writer is Benny Wong. Filming took place from April to July 2015 on location in Hong Kong.

The drama centered around the office politics of a fictional high fashion magazine in Hong Kong. It also shows the darker gritty side of the fashion industry. It mainly follows the fashion exploits of magazine editor Ip Long (Moses Chan) and his protege, Yannes Cheung (Sisley Choi). Moses Chan's character Ip Long, was modeled after Vogue magazine chief editor Anna Wintour and designer Karl Lagerfeld.

Him Law
Him Law Tze-yat (born Law Chung-him on 28 August 1984) is a Hong Kong actor currently contracted to TVB.

Law began his acting career by starring as supporting characters in several well-known films, most notably in Mob Sister (2005), which was also Law's debut film. He later began filming for several internet and television dramas, later receiving a Best Supporting Actor nomination at the TVB Anniversary Awards in 2008 for his performance in the sports drama Your Class or Mine.
Sven Bärtschi
Sven Bärtschi  (sometimes spelled: Baertschi; born 5 October 1992) is a Swiss former professional ice hockey forward. He played his first professional games in 2009 for SC Langenthal in the National League B before moving to North America to join Portland in the Western Hockey League (WHL), where he finished as the runner-up for the league's Rookie of the Year award. He was selected by the Calgary Flames in the first round, 13th overall, at the 2011 NHL entry draft and made his NHL debut in 2012.

2011 NHL entry draft
The 2011 NHL entry draft was the 49th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 24–25, 2011, at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It was the first time the draft was held in the state of Minnesota since the Minnesota North Stars hosted the 1989 NHL entry draft. The top three selections were Ryan Nugent-Hopkins by the Edmonton Oilers, Gabriel Landeskog by the Colorado Avalanche, and Jonathan Huberdeau by the Florida Panthers.

The draft was also noteworthy as the venue at which the recently relocated Atlanta Thrashers franchise announced that they would be known as the Winnipeg Jets, making the announcement as they drafted Mark Scheifele with their first pick.

As of 2025 there are 42 active NHL players from this draft.
Y Lliwedd East Peak
Y Lliwedd East Peak is the twin top of Y Lliwedd in the Snowdonia National Park, North Wales. It is only 5 metres shorter than the main summit of Y Lliwedd.

The summit marked by a small pile of stones, the views being similar to Y Lliwedd, except for Gallt y Wenallt being in view.

Gallt y Wenallt
Gallt y Wenallt is a subsidiary summit of Y Lliwedd in Snowdonia National Park, north Wales. It lies at the end of the north ridge. Its northern face is reputed to be the longest slope in Snowdonia, being close to 2000 ft. It is also the last nail in the "completist's" Snowdon Horseshoe.

The summit is grassy and is marked with a small cairn. In clear visibility, the view down to Llyn Gwynant is regarded as one of the finest in Snowdonia.

It is the resting place of famous oil man and sailor, Emrys Nye Hughes.
Berney Brograve
Sir Berney Brograve, 1st Baronet (10 October 1726 - 23 February 1797) was the eldest son and heir of Thomas Brograve (1691–1753) of Great Baddow, Essex, and his wife Juliana Berney. He was a descendant of Sir John Brograve (d. 1613), Attorney-General to the Duchy of Lancaster. Juliana Berney was descended from Sir Richard Berney, 1st Baronet of Parkhall.

Great Baddow
Great Baddow is a suburban village and civil parish in the Chelmsford district of Essex, England. It now forms part of the built up area of Chelmsford as defined by the Office for National Statistics, lying 1.5 miles (2 km) to the south-east of the city centre. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 14,951.
Žiburys Society
Žiburys Society (žiburys means light, beacon; Lithuanian: Lietuvių krikščionių draugija „Žiburys“) was a society established in 1906 that organized and maintained Lithuanian schools in the Suwałki Governorate of the Congress Poland, Russian Empire (later, Suvalkija region of independent Lithuania). Organized and run by priests, the society supported and promoted Roman Catholic ideas and worldview. The society organized primary schools and later gymnasiums. In 1907, it established pro-gymnasium for girls in Marijampolė. In 1918, it established several gymnasiums. Žiburys, along with other Lithuanian organizations, was closed by the new Soviet regime following the occupation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union in June 1940.

Marijampolė
Marijampolė (Lithuanian: [mɐrʲɪˈjɐmpoːlʲeː] ⓘ; previously known by several other names) is the capital of Marijampolė County in the south of Lithuania, bordering Poland and Russian Kaliningrad Oblast, and Lake Vištytis. The city's population stood at approximately 48,700 in 2003. Marijampolė is the seventh-largest city in Lithuania and the sixteenth-largest city in the Baltic States. It is the cultural centre and largest settlement of the historical region of Suvalkija (Sudovia).

Marijampolė has been a regional center since 1994. The city covers an area equal to 205.07 square kilometres (79.18 sq mi). The Šešupė River divides the city into two parts, which are connected by six bridges.

The city is known for the international art and architecture symposium Malonny, an event which focuses on street art, murals, and public installations, transforming Marijampolė's urban spaces into an open-air art gallery.