hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barbiano di Belgioioso
The Barbiano di Belgioioso (originally Da Barbiano) have been a noble family of northern Italy since the late Middle Ages.

Originally Romagnol, the family can be traced back to Alidosio, count of Cunio and of Barbiano in the 14th century. His son, Alberico da Barbiano, was a prominent early condottiero whose nephew, Alberico II, received the Belgioioso Castle from Duke Filippo Maria Visconti of Milan in 1431. The family was always most famous for its soldiering, rarely rising high in political or ecclesiastical rank. Only in later centuries did some members adopt an interest in arts and letters.

Alberico da Barbiano
Alberico da Barbiano (c. 1344 – 1409) was a condottieri. His master in military matters was the English mercenary John Hawkwood, known in Italy as Giovanni Acuto. Alberico's compagnia fought under the banner of Saint George, as the compagnia San Giorgio.
Don't Give Up the Ship (film)
Don't Give Up the Ship is a 1959 American black-and-white U.S. Navy comedy film from Paramount Pictures, produced by Hal B. Wallis, directed by Norman Taurog, that stars Jerry Lewis and co-stars Dina Merrill, Diana Spencer, Claude Akins, Robert Middleton, Gale Gordon, and Mickey Shaughnessy. The film was shot from October 21, 1958, to January 30, 1959, and was released June 16, 1959. The film was based on the Alcoa Theatre episode Souvenir  aired on December 2, 1957, starring Jack Lemmon that was written by Ellis Arnold Kadison. Kadison's idea was based on Edward Anhalt then serving with the Army Air Force First Motion Picture Unit in Culver City, California signing for a captured German Messerschmidt that was to be used as a prop in a training film. When the aircraft disappeared, Anhalt was issued with a bill from the US Government for $175,000 until a search revealed that the aircraft was discovered as a mockup on the MGM backlot.

Gale Gordon
Gale Gordon (born Charles Thomas Aldrich Jr.; February 20, 1906 – June 30, 1995) was an American character actor who was Lucille Ball's longtime television foil, particularly as cantankerously combustible, tightfisted bank executive Theodore J. Mooney, on Ball's second television sitcom The Lucy Show. Gordon also appeared in I Love Lucy and had starring roles in Ball's successful third series Here's Lucy and her short-lived fourth and final series Life with Lucy.

Gordon was also a radio actor who played school principal Osgood Conklin in Our Miss Brooks, starring Eve Arden, in both the 1948–1957 radio series and the 1952–1956 television series. He also co-starred as the second Mr. Wilson in Dennis the Menace, replacing Joseph Kearns after he died.
Ridgeley, West Virginia
Ridgeley is a town in Mineral County, West Virginia, United States, and part of the Cumberland Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 590 people at the 2020 census.

Ridgeley was initially known as St. Clairsville, named for Sir John St Clair, Lt Colonel and Quartermaster General for the British General Edward Braddock. St Clair accompanied Braddock on his ill-fated march on Fort Duquesne and his disastrous defeat on July 9, 1755. It was incorporated as Ridgeley on November 28, 1914, named for the former owners of the land upon which the town was built.

Fort Duquesne
Fort Duquesne (/djuː.ˈkeɪn/ dew-KAYN, French: [dykɛːn]; originally called Fort Du Quesne) was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. It was later taken over by the British, and later the Americans, and developed as Pittsburgh in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Fort Duquesne was destroyed by the French before its British conquest during the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War on the North American front. The British replaced it, building Fort Pitt between 1759 and 1761. The site of both forts is now occupied by Point State Park, where the outlines of the two forts have been laid in granite slabs.
Saraswati Enthroned
Saraswati Enthroned, also known as The Goddess Saraswati Enthroned and Saraswati Plays on a Vina, is a Deccan painting of the Bijapur school. Dated to about the beginning of the 17th century, the painting was commissioned in the Bijapur Sultanate during the reign of Ibrahim Adil Shah II.

Executed in opaque watercolour, the painting depicts the Hindu goddess Saraswati, seated upon a throne, playing the veena.

Ibrahim Adil Shah II
Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1570 – 12 September 1627) was the Adil Shahi sultan of the Sultanate of Bijapur from 1580 to 1627. Under his reign the sultanate had its greatest period as he extended its frontier as far south as Mysore. He was a skilful administrator, artist, poet and a generous patron of the arts. He converted from Shi'a to Sunni Islam, but remained tolerant of other religions, including Christianity. The Adil Shahis under his rule left a tradition of cosmopolitan culture and artistic patronage whose architectural remains are to be seen in the capital city of Bijapur.
Silvestre Selva
Silvestre Selva Sacasa (31 December 1777 – 1855) was a Nicaraguan politician of Basque origin, who, as a senator in the State Legislative Assembly, was appointed by the invading forces of Francisco Malespín to serve as provisional Supreme Director, served from 16 December 1844 to 20 January 1845 with headquarters in the city of Masaya.

Masaya
Masaya (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈsaʝa]) is the capital city of Masaya Department in Nicaragua. It is situated approximately 14 km west of Granada and 31 km southeast of Managua. It is located just east of the Masaya Volcano, an active volcano from which the city takes its name. With an estimated population of 138,657 (2022), it is Nicaragua's fourth most populous city, and is culturally known as the City of Flowers.
2009 ATP World Tour Finals
The 2009 ATP World Tour Finals (also known as the 2009 Barclays ATP World Tour Finals for sponsorship reasons) was held in London, United Kingdom between 22 November and 29 November 2009. It was the first time the O2 arena hosted the ATP World Tour Year-End Singles and Doubles Championships. The event was renamed from Tennis Masters Cup to ATP World Tour Finals following the rearrangement of the ATP Tour.

2009 Rogers Cup
The 2009 Canadian Open (also known as the 2009 Rogers Masters presented by National Bank and 2009 Rogers Cup for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 120th edition of the Canada Masters for the men (the 108th edition for the women), and was part of the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 of the 2009 ATP World Tour, and of the Premier 5 of the 2009 WTA Tour. The men's event was held at the Uniprix Stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from August 8 through August 16, 2009, and the women's event was held at the Rexall Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from August 15 through August 23, 2009. It was the fourth event for both the men and women on the 2009 US Open Series.
Sinte Gleska University
Sinte Gleska University (SGU) is a public tribal land-grant university in Mission, South Dakota, on the Rosebud Indian Reservation. It is a Brulé Lakota Indian Reservation home to the Sicangu (Burnt Thigh). SGU has an enrollment of 828 full and part-time students. It is regionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Sicangu
The Sicangu are one of the seven oyates, nations or council fires, of Lakota people, an Indigenous people of the Northern Plains. Today, many Sicangu people are enrolled citizens of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation and Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation in South Dakota.
Alex Petrovic
Alexander Petrovic (born March 3, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a defenceman for the  Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). Petrovic was selected by the Florida Panthers in the second round, 36th overall, of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft from the Red Deer Rebels in the Western Hockey League (WHL).

2010 NHL entry draft
The 2010 NHL entry draft was the 48th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on June 25–26, 2010, at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California, the home arena of the Los Angeles Kings. This was the first time Los Angeles hosted the NHL entry draft. An unofficial record of eleven American-trained players were selected in the first round, starting with Jack Campbell and ending with Brock Nelson. The record was set in the 2006 and 2007 drafts, where ten U.S.-trained players were selected in the first round.

As of 2025 there are 38 active NHL players from this draft.
Juan Bautista Ravanals
Juan Bautista Ravanals (1678-?) was a Spanish engraver. He was born at Valencia. He studied under Evaristo Muñoz. He engraved an equestrian portrait of King Philip V of Spain and a genealogical tree of the royal family; a portrait of Father Gregorio Ridaura, a print of San Rodrigo, a second portrait of Philip V., some plates for the first edition of a mathematical work by Tosca, the frontispiece for a book called Centro de la Fe Ortodoxa, which represents the apparition of Our Lady del Pilar to St. Francis and some of his disciples, and illustrations for another book of Devotion, in which St. Thomas Aquinas and other saints figure.

Evaristo Muñoz
Evaristo Muñoz Estarlich (1684 in Valencia – 1737 in Valencia) was a Spanish Baroque painter; a follower of the decorative style introduced to Valencia by Antonio Palomino. Some sources give his year of birth as 1671.
Tim Melville
Timothy Macgill Melville (born October 9, 1989) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds, Minnesota Twins, San Diego Padres, and Colorado Rockies. Melville has also played in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the Uni-President Lions and Wei Chuan Dragons.

Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions
The Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions, stylized as Uni-President 7-ᴇʟᴇᴠᴇn Lions, also known as Uni-Lions (Chinese: 統一7-ᴇʟᴇᴠᴇn獅), are a professional baseball team playing in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). The Lions are based in Tainan City, Taiwan and homefielded primarily at Tainan Municipal Baseball Stadium.

The organization is owned by Uni-President Corporation, one of Taiwan's largest conglomerates, whose subsidiary Uni-President Baseball Team Company oversees operations of the team. The Lions are the only CPBL team owned by the same parent company and played continuously since CPBL's founding season in 1990.
Ergilictis
Ergilictis (meaning "Ergilin Dzo polecat") is an extinct genus of mammal that lived during the late Eocene and early Oligocene epochs. It was endemic to Asia, and its fossils have been found in the Ergilin Dzo and Hsanda Gol formations of Mongolia. It belongs to the family Didymoconidae, which has uncertain taxonomic affinities.

Polecat
Polecat is a common name for several cat-like mustelid species in the subfamilies Ictonychinae and Mustelinae. Polecats do not form a single taxonomic rank (i.e. clade). The name is applied to several species with broad similarities to European polecats, such as having a dark mask-like marking across the face.

In the United States, the term polecat is sometimes applied to the black-footed ferret, a native member of the Mustelinae. In Southern United States dialect, the term polecat is sometimes used as a colloquial nickname for the skunk, which is part of the family Mephitidae.
Massouh's sign
Massouh's sign is a clinical sign for acute localised appendicitis, named after General Surgeon Farouk Massouh from Frimley Park Hospital in Frimley (Surrey, the United Kingdom).

The sign describes a firm swish of the examiner’s index and middle finger across the patient’s abdomen from xiphoid sternum to first the left and then the right iliac fossa. A positive Massouh sign is a grimace of the patient upon a right sided (and not left) sweep.  
The explanation for the reliability of this diagnostic tool is based on the fact that appendicitis in the initial stage usually causes localised irritation of the peritoneum. The well innervated peritoneum is very sensitive to pain and therefore sensitive to jouncing movements. Similarly this is the explanation for other signs of localised peritonitis such as Murphy's sign, Rovsing's sign or psoas sign.

There is currently no published evidence on the sensitivity or specificity of Massouh sign for suspected acute appendicitis.

Rovsing's sign
Rovsing's sign, named after the Danish surgeon Niels Thorkild Rovsing (1862–1927), is a sign of appendicitis. If palpation of the left lower quadrant of a person's abdomen increases the pain felt in the right lower quadrant, the patient is said to have a positive Rovsing's sign and may have appendicitis. The phenomenon was first described by Swedish surgeon Emil Samuel Perman (1856–1945) writing in the journal Hygiea in 1904.

In acute appendicitis, palpation in the left iliac fossa may produce pain in the right iliac fossa.
2010 Euro Beach Soccer Cup
The 2010 Euro Beach Soccer Cup was the twelfth Euro Beach Soccer Cup, one of Europe's three major beach soccer championships of the 2010 beach soccer season, held in June 2010, in Rome, Italy, for the second year in a row.
Russia won the championship for the first time, with six time champions Portugal finishing second. Italy beat last year's champions Spain in the third place playoff, ending their run of two consecutive titles, to finish third and fourth respectively.

Eight teams participated in the tournament who played in a straightforward knockout tournament, starting with the quarterfinals, with extra matches deciding the nations who finished in fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth place.

Portugal national beach soccer team
The Portugal national beach soccer team represents Portugal in international beach soccer competitions, and is controlled by the Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), the governing body for Portuguese football. The team has participated in 20 of the 23 editions of the Beach Soccer World Cup (organised by FIFA since 2005), and its best results are three victories in 2001 (Costa do Sauípe, Brazil), 2015 (Espinho, Portugal), and 2019 (Luque, Paraguay). Alongside Brazil, Portugal is the only team to have won the world title before and after FIFA assumed the government of beach soccer worldwide. In European competitions, Portugal is record holder of titles.
Barbara Lusch
Barbara Anne Lusch (born October 26, 1957) is an American jazz singer and actress from Portland, Oregon. She made her feature film debut in the slasher film Unhinged (1982) and later appeared onstage in the 1985 Atlantic City production of Fiddler on the Roof as Chava, opposite Theodore Bikel. She later had guest roles on the television series Coach (1989), The Trials of Rosie O'Neill (1990), and Nowhere Man (1996).

In the mid-1990s, Lusch began performing as a singer in local Portland bands before beginning a solo career in 2002, performing and recording contemporary jazz music.

Vocal jazz
Vocal jazz or jazz singing is a genre within jazz music where the voice is used as an instrument.

Vocal jazz began in the early twentieth century. Jazz music has its roots in blues and ragtime and can also traced back to the New Orleans jazz tradition. Jazz music is characterized by syncopated rhythms, improvisation, and unique tonality and pitch deviation. In vocal jazz, this includes vocal improvisations called scat singing where vocalists imitate the instrumentalist's tone and rhythm.
Paul Merzbach
Paul Merzbach (27 November 1888 – September 1943) was an Austrian screenwriter and film director. Merzbach worked in the Austrian and Germany film industries during the early stages of his career. He worked initially on scripts, but in 1924 he directed his first film. During the late 1920s, Merzbach worked in Sweden before returning to Germany.

Following the Nazi rise to power in 1933, Merzbach went into exile in Britain. He worked in the British film industry for the remainder of his career. His final contribution was the screenplay for Hatter's Castle (1942), directed by Lance Comfort.

Hatter's Castle (film)
Hatter's Castle is a 1942 British film noir based on the 1931 novel Hatter's Castle by A. J. Cronin, which dramatizes the ruin that befalls a Scottish hatter set on recapturing his imagined lost nobility. The film was made by Paramount British Pictures and stars Robert Newton, Deborah Kerr, James Mason, and Emlyn Williams. It is believed to be the only film that depicts the Tay Bridge disaster.

It was shot at Denham Studios with sets designed by the art director James A. Carter.
Spring Subway
Spring Subway (Chinese: 開往春天的地鐵; pinyin: Kāi wǎng chūntiān de dìtiě) is a 2002 Chinese romance film directed by Zhang Yibai, starring Xu Jinglei and Geng Le.  Sixth Generation director Zhang Yang also plays a role in it. The film represents a relatively new genre in China, the artistic "commercial film" with its international urban sensibilities designed to appeal to young middle-class Chinese. Spring Subway is a stylistic film that plays with chronological conventions and flashbacks, and with characters that often break the fourth wall to directly address the audience.

The film was produced by China Youth Film Studio and the independent Electric Orange Entertainment (run by screenwriter, Liu Fendou). Distribution was handled by Media Asia Entertainment Group.

Zhang Yang (director)
Zhang Yang (simplified Chinese: 张扬; traditional Chinese: 張揚; pinyin: Zhāng Yáng; born 1967) is a Chinese film director, screenwriter, and occasional actor. He is the son of film director Zhang Huaxun.

Zhang grew up in Beijing and studied until 1988 at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangdong, from which he graduated with a degree in Chinese literature. He then went to the Central Academy of Drama, graduating in 1992.
WIBL
WIBL (107.7 FM, "The Bull") is a commercial radio station licensed to Fairbury, Illinois, United States, and serves the Bloomington-Normal radio market in Central Illinois with a country music format. WIBL is owned by Pilot Media and operated by Zimmer Radio Group.

WIBL's transmitter is sited South Pine Street, south of Lexington. The station also has an FM translator covering Bloomington-Normal proper, W221CY (92.1), licensed to Normal.

Lexington, Illinois
Lexington is a city in McLean County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,090 at the 2020 census. There are two theories regarding the etymology of the city name. One says it was named for the Battle of Lexington, where General Gridley's father fought. and the other that it was named for the home town of James Brown, the town's co-founder.
History of the Canadian Army
The history of the Canadian Army, began when the title first came into official use in November 1940, during the Second World War, and is still used today. Although the official titles, Mobile Command, and later Land Force Command, were used from February 1968 to August 2011, "Canadian Army" continued to be unofficially used to refer to the ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces, much as it has been from Confederation in 1867 to the present. The term was often even used in official military publications, for example in recruiting literature and the official newspaper of the Canadian Forces, The Maple Leaf. On August 16, 2011, the title, "Canadian Army", was officially restored, once again bringing the official designation in line with common and historical usage.

Royal Military College of Canada
The Royal Military College of Canada (French: Collège militaire royal du Canada), abbreviated in English as RMC and in French as CMR, is a military academy and, since 1959, a degree-granting university of the Canadian Armed Forces. It was established in 1874 and conducted its first classes on June 1, 1876. Programs are offered at the undergraduate and graduate levels, both on campus as well as through the college's distance learning program via the Division of Continuing Studies.

Located on Point Frederick, a 41-hectare (101-acre) peninsula in Kingston, Ontario, the college is a mix of historic buildings and more modern academic, athletic, and dormitory facilities. RMC officer cadets are trained in what are known as the "four pillars": academics, officership, athletics, and bilingualism.
Arctostaphylos nissenana
Arctostaphylos nissenana is a species of manzanita known by the common name Nissenana manzanita or El Dorado manzanita. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the woodlands and chaparral of the Sierra Nevada foothills, mostly in El Dorado County.

Arctostaphylos
Arctostaphylos (/ˌɑːrktoʊˈstæfɪləs, -lɒs/; from ἄρκτος árktos "bear" and σταφυλή staphulḗ "bunch of grapes") is a genus of plants within the family Ericaceae. Many plants within the genus Arctostaphylos are also commonly called manzanitas(/ˌmænzəˈniːtəz/) or bearberries. There are 107 taxa within Arctostaphylos, 106 of which are found in the California Floristic Province. From prostrate shrubs to small erect trees, Arctostaphylos is known for characteristic red bark, urn-shaped flowers and being fire adapted .
Mobike
Mobike (Chinese: 摩拜单车; pinyin: mó bài dān chē), also known as Meituanbike, founded by Beijing Mobike Technology Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 北京摩拜科技有限公司), is a fully station-less bicycle-sharing system headquartered in Beijing, China. It is, by the number of bicycles, the world's largest shared (for hire) bicycle operator, making Hangzhou the world's largest bike-share city as of September 2015. In April 2018, it was acquired by a Chinese web company Meituan-Dianping for USD $2.7 billion.

Bicycle-sharing system
A bicycle-sharing system, bike share program, public bicycle scheme, or public bike share (PBS) scheme, is a shared transport service where bicycles or electric bicycles are available for shared use by individuals at low cost.

The programmes themselves include both docking and dockless systems; docking systems allow users to rent a bike from a dock (i.e. a technology-enabled bicycle rack) and return at another node or dock within the system, while dockless systems offer a node-free system relying on smart technology. In either format, systems may incorporate smartphone web mapping to locate available bikes and docks.

With its antecedents in grassroots mid-1960s efforts, by 2022, bike share schemes were offered by approximately 3,000 cities worldwide, including Dubai, New York, Paris, Mexico City, Montreal and Barcelona.
Post-unification Italian brigandage
Brigandage in Southern Italy (Italian: brigantaggio) had existed in some form since ancient times. However, its origins as outlaws targeting random travellers would evolve vastly later on to become a form of a political resistance movement, especially from the 19th century onward. During the time of the Napoleonic conquest of the Kingdom of Naples, the first signs of political resistance brigandage came to public light, as the Bourbon loyalists of the country refused to accept the new Bonapartist rulers and actively fought against them until the Bourbon monarchy had been reinstated. Some claim that the word brigandage is a euphemism for what was in fact a civil war.

Brigandage
Brigandage is the life and practice of highway robbery and plunder. It is practiced by a brigand, a person who is typically part of a gang and lives by pillage and robbery.

The word brigand entered English as brigant via French from Italian as early as 1400. Under the laws of war, soldiers acting on their own recognizance without operating in chain of command are brigands, liable to be tried under civilian laws as common criminals. However, on occasions brigands are not mere malefactors, but may be rebels against a state or union perceived as the enemy.

Bad administration and suitable terrain encourage the development of brigands. Historical examples of brigands (often called so by their enemies) have existed in territories of France, Greece and the Balkans, India, Italy, Mexico and Spain, as well as certain regions of the United States.