hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
VPB-23
VPB-23 was a patrol bombing squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 10-S (VP-10S) on 1 July 1930, redesignated Patrol Squadron 10-F (VP-10F) on 17 July 1933, redesignated Patrol Squadron 10 (VP-10) on 1 October 1937, redesignated Patrol Squadron 25 (VP-25) on 1 July 1939, redesignated Patrol Squadron 23 (VP-23) on 1 August 1941, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 23 (VPB-23) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 25 January 1946.

VPB-52
VPB-52 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Torpedo Squadron 3D15 (VT-3D15) on 12 July 1928, redesignated Patrol Squadron 3-S (VP-3S) on 21 January 1931, redesignated Patrol Squadron 3 Base Force (VP-3F) on 17 July 1933, redesignated Patrol Squadron 3 (VP-3) on 1 October 1937, redesignated Patrol Squadron 32 (VP-32) on 1 July 1939, redesignated Patrol Squadron 52 (VP-52) on 1 July 1941, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 52 (VPB-52) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 7 April 1945.
2012 Brasileiro de Marcas
The 2012 Brasileiro de Marcas season was the second season of the Brasileiro de Marcas. It begin on April 22 at the Interlagos and ended on December 2 at the Curitiba, after sixteen races. Several changes occurred in the championship. Mitsubishi entered with the 2012 version of Mitisubishi Lancer GT, Honda changed to the ninth generation Honda Civic, Chevrolet used Chevrolet Cruze which replaced the Chevrolet Astra, and Toyota became an official manufacturer on the championship with Toyota Corolla XRS.

Honda driver Ricardo Mauricio won the championship. He did not win any races, but finished on the podium at ten of sixteen. Toyota won the manufacturers' championship.

Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba
Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba (also known as Autódromo de Pinhais and Circuito Raul Boesel) was a motorsports circuit located in Pinhais, Brazil. It has been host to the World Touring Car Championship, TC2000, Fórmula Truck and Stock Car Brasil racing. Until 2013 the circuit has also been host of the South American Formula 3 Series, namely the Formula 3 Sudamericana. The circuit also formerly hosted the Brazilian Formula Three Championship.

The circuit also hosted the "Festival Brasileiro de Arrancada", from 1992 to 2016, which was the biggest drag racing event in Latin America.
Silver Bear Jury Prize
The Silver Bear Jury Prize (German: Silberner Bär Preis der Jury) is an award presented annually at the Berlin International Film Festival since 2021. It is chosen by the jury from the films in main competition at the festival. It is considered the third most prestigious prize after the Golden Bear and the Silver Bear Grand Jury Prize, respectively.

Golden Bear
The Golden Bear (German: Goldener Bär) is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival and is, along with the Palme d'Or and the Golden Lion, widely considered among the most prestigious film festival awards. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin.
1993 Labatt Brier
The 1993 Labatt Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship, was held from March 6 to 14 at the Ottawa Civic Centre in Ottawa, Ontario. The finals featured the all star Team Ontario, consisting of skip Russ Howard, his brother Glenn at third, second Wayne Middaugh and lead Peter Corner against a British Columbia team made up of two expatriate Brier winners in skip Rick Folk (1980 Brier champion for Saskatchewan) and third Pat Ryan (1988 & 1989 Brier champion for Alberta).

The final was won by Ontario. Thanks to steals in the third and fourth ends, they were able to hold on to a victory by a score of 5–3 in the last Brier before the adoption of the free guard zone.

Glenn Howard, Middaugh and Corner would all later compete for Ontario as skips, and both Howard and Middaugh won Briers and World championships as skips.

Rick Folk
Richard Dale “Rick” Folk (born March 5, 1950, in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian curler and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, where he represented the Progressive Conservative Party for one term from 1982 until 1986. He is a two-time world curling champion, representing Canada.  When curling in Canada, Folk represented both Saskatchewan and British Columbia.
Dominique Turpin
Dominique V. Turpin (born 12 January 1957) is a French and Swiss marketing scholar and academic administrator, currently serving as European President and Professor of Marketing at the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS). A professor in marketing strategy with a specialization in branding, he previously held the Dentsu Chair in Marketing and served as President, Dean, and Nestlé Professor at the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) in Switzerland between 2010 and 2016. Before joining IMD in 1986, Turpin worked in Japan as a representative of a French firm.

China Europe International Business School
China Europe International Business School (CEIBS (/siːbz/ SEEBZ) Chinese: 中欧国际工商学院) is a business school headquartered in Pudong, Shanghai, China. CEIBS has campuses in Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Accra in Ghana, and Zurich in Switzerland.

Established under an agreement between the Chinese government and the European Commission in Shanghai in November 1994, CEIBS was the first business school in mainland China to offer a full-time MBA in China, an Executive MBA and a wide range of Executive Education programmes (e.g. full time MBA programme in English, part-time Global EMBA (GEMBA) programme in English). CEIBS follows the European model of business schools.

CEIBS was the first business school in Mainland China to be accredited by both EQUIS and AACSB.
Craig Scott (politician)
Craig M. Scott (born March 14, 1962) is a Canadian politician and academic. He was elected as the New Democratic Party (NDP) candidate in a federal by-election in Toronto—Danforth on March 19, 2012, and served as the riding's Member of Parliament (MP) until his defeat in the 2015 federal election. He taught at University of Toronto Faculty of Law and Osgoode Hall Law School prior to entering politics.

Osgoode Hall Law School
Osgoode Hall Law School, commonly shortened to Osgoode, is the law school of York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is home to the Law Commission of Ontario, the Journal of Law and Social Policy, and the Osgoode Hall Law Journal. A variety of J.D. LL.M. and Ph.D. degrees in law are available. Osgoode is widely considered to be one of the top law schools in Canada, ranking second in the country according to the most recent rankings by Maclean.

The law school's alumni include two Canadian prime ministers, four Attorneys General, eight premiers of Ontario, four Mayors of Toronto, eleven Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, four of whom were Chief Justices, and one Academy Award nominee. The current dean of the law school is Trevor C.W. Farrow.
Chuck Bresnahan
Charles Evans Bresnahan (pronounced "BREZ-nuh-han"; born September 8, 1960) is an American football coach and former player. He was the defensive coordinator of the Oakland Raiders on two occasions and the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL) as well as the Florida Tuskers and Sacramento Mountain Lions of the United Football League (UFL). He also served as defensive coordinator in the college ranks at the University of Central Florida, University of South Florida and University of Maine. Bresnahan also served as an assistant coach with the Cleveland Browns and Indianapolis Colts of the NFL and the United States Naval Academy (Navy) and the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in the college ranks. Bresnahan also assisted in the Officiating Department of the NFL for 3 seasons. He is the son of Tom Bresnahan, a long time NFL assistant and Offensive Coordinator who coached 4 Super Bowls under Marv Levy (HOF-2001) with the Buffalo Bills.

Sacramento Mountain Lions
The Sacramento Mountain Lions were a professional American football team based in Sacramento, California, that played in the United Football League. The franchise originated as the California Redwoods, and played its home games in San Francisco and San Jose before relocating to Hornet Stadium in Sacramento in 2010, then to Raley Field in West Sacramento in 2012. The team was coached by Dennis Green for three of its four years of existence. Amid financial problems, the UFL folded in the middle of the 2012 season.
Jim Henderson (footballer)
William James Henderson is a Scottish former professional footballer. After playing for local amateur side Penicuik Athletic, Henderson attended a trial with Newcastle United. Although unsuccessful, he was instead recommended to Third Division South side Cardiff City by Jimmy Nelson, a Newcastle player who had previously been with Cardiff. He scored on his debut during a 2–1 victory over Aldershot on 4 February 1933. Despite the club's struggles, Henderson finished the season with twelve league goals from sixteen matches, including five during a 6–0 victory over Northampton Town. He remained with the Bluebirds the following season but, despite finishing the season as the club's joint top goalscorer with Eli Postin, he was one of a number of players released by manager Ben Watts-Jones after the club finished bottom of the Football League.

Eli Postin
Eli Postin (3 June 1908 – 1991) was an English professional footballer who played as an outside right or inside right.

Postin started playing football for Cradley Heath, Staffordshire (now in the West Midlands), where he was spotted by West Bromwich Albion scouts in 1931 and was signed and played that season in the second team. He was transferred then to Cardiff City and then on to Bristol Rovers. While at Cardiff City he was the club's joint top scorer in the 1933–34 season. He later played for Wrexham where he changed from professional to semi-professional and signed for Brierley Hill Alliance. He still played as an amateur at the age of 50. The supporters always yelled out "Nod 'em in, Eli" as he went up for a header in the box.

Postin earned a 'Junior International Cap' he was awarded for representing the Birmingham County FA against Scotland Juniors at Villa Park in 1931. The B.C.F.A beat Scotland 5–2 with Eli scoring two of the goals.
Tokugawa Ienobu
Tokugawa Ienobu (徳川 家宣) (11 June 1662 – 12 November 1712) was a Japanese samurai, daimyo and the sixth shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. He was the eldest son of Tokugawa Tsunashige, thus making him the nephew of Tokugawa Ietsuna and Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, the grandson of Tokugawa Iemitsu, the great-grandson of Tokugawa Hidetada, and the great-great-grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu. All of Ienobu's children died young.

Tokugawa Hidetada
Tokugawa Hidetada (徳川 秀忠; 2 May 1579 – 14 March 1632) was a Japanese samurai, daimyo and the second shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty, who ruled from 1605 until his abdication in 1623. He was the third son of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Through his daughter Tokugawa Masako, he was also the maternal grandfather of Empress Meishō.
Apache Iceberg
Apache Iceberg is a high performance open-source format for large analytic tables. Iceberg enables the use of SQL tables for big data while making it possible for engines like Spark, Trino, Flink, Presto, Hive, Impala, StarRocks, Doris, and Pig to safely work with the same tables, at the same time. Iceberg is released under the Apache License. Iceberg addresses the performance and usability challenges of Apache Hive tables in large and demanding data lake environments. Vendors currently supporting Apache Iceberg tables include Buster, CelerData, Cloudera, Crunchy Data, Dremio, IBM watsonx.data, IOMETE, Oracle, Snowflake, Starburst, Tabular, AWS, Google Cloud, and Databricks.

Apache Spark
Apache Spark  is an open-source unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing. Spark provides an interface for programming clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance. Originally developed at the University of California, Berkeley's AMPLab starting in 2009, in 2013, the Spark codebase was donated to the Apache Software Foundation, which has maintained it since.
Dromaeosauriformipes
Dromaeosauriformipes is an ichnogenus of probable microraptorine dromaeosaurid theropod from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) of South Korea. The type and only ichnospecies is D. rarus, representing the smallest known didactyl (two-toed) tracks of a dromaeosaurid.

Albian
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/Series. Its approximate time range is 113.2 ± 0.3 Ma to 100.5 ± 0.1 Ma (million years ago). The Albian is preceded by the Aptian and followed by the Cenomanian.
Harvey King
Harvey King (born 19 October 1956) is a New Zealand cricketer and cricket administrator. He played in five first-class and two List A matches for Canterbury in 1977/78.

King was educated at Timaru Boys' High School. A right-arm opening bowler, he took seven wickets bowling in tandem with Dayle Hadlee to take Canterbury to victory over Otago in the first match of the 1977-78 Shell Cup.

He sustained severe injuries in a car crash in his early twenties, ending his first-class career. However, he continued to play Hawke Cup cricket for South Canterbury, and was a leading administrator for Canterbury and South Canterbury. In 2021 he was named patron of South Canterbury Cricket.

Dayle Hadlee
Dayle Robert Hadlee (born 6 January 1948) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played in 26 Tests and 11 ODIs from 1969 to 1978. He is the son of Walter Hadlee, the older brother of Sir Richard Hadlee and the younger brother of Barry Hadlee.
Coinage of Populonia
Coinage of Populonia consists of the coins minted by the city of Populonia and issued from the mid-5th century B.C. until the mid-3rd century B.C., when the city lost its autonomy.

The issues of this community fit into the mainstream of Etruscan coinage and constitute one of its main contributions. The coinage of Populonia, like other Etruscan coinage, is included, for traditional reasons, among the Greek coins.

Greek coinage of Italy and Sicily
Greek coinage of Italy and Sicily originated from local Italiotes and Siceliotes who formed numerous city states. These Hellenistic communities descended from Greek migrants. Southern Italy was so thoroughly hellenized that it was known as the Magna Graecia. Each of the polities struck their own coinage.

Taras (or Tarentum) was among the most prominent city states.

By the second century BC some of these Greek coinages evolved under Roman rule, and can be classified as the first Roman provincial currencies.
Austin 10
The Austin Ten is a small car that was produced by Austin. It was launched on 19 April 1932 and was Austin's best-selling car in the 1930s and continued in production, with upgrades, until 1947. It fitted in between their "baby" Austin Seven which had been introduced in 1922 and their various Austin Twelves which had been updated in January 1931.

Austin 12
The Austin Twelve is a motor car introduced by Austin in 1921. It was the second of Herbert Austin's post World War I models and was in many ways a scaled-down version of his Austin Twenty, introduced in 1919. The slower-than-expected sales of the Twenty brought about this divergence from his intended one-model policy. The Twelve was announced at the beginning of November 1921 after Austin's company had been in receivership for six months. The number twelve refers to its fiscal horse power (12.8) rather than its brake horsepower (bhp) which was initially 20 bhp (1660 cc engine), and later 27 bhp (1861 cc engine). The long-stroke engines encouraged by the tax regime, 72 × 102 mm later 72 × 114.5 mm, had much greater low-speed torque than the bhp rating suggests.
Bill Dickinson
Bill Dickinson (1917 – 7 April 1994) was a Scottish rugby union player and coach. He was appointed the first official national coach of Scotland in 1971. Richard Bath points out that Dickinson's appointment made an "immediate impact" in performance, leading to a one-point loss (18-17) to a "rampant Wales side" and wins against England and others. Allan Massie describes his contribution to Scottish rugby as "immense".

Ian McLauchlan
John McLauchlan (14 April 1942 – 20 June 2025), known as Ian McLauchlan, was a Scotland international rugby union player who represented the British Lions on two tours. Nicknamed Mighty Mouse, he represented Scotland at loosehead prop from 1969 to 1979.
2016 European Universities Games
The 2016 European University Games, also known as 2016 European Universiade, was the third biannual European Universities Games (EUG), the largest European multisport event, with 4800 participants from 403 universities in 41 countries. The event took place in the Croatian cities of Zagreb and Rijeka between 13 and 25 July 2016, and was organised by European University Sports Association (EUSA) and Croatian Academic Sport Federation (CASF) with the cooperation of University of Zagreb, University of Rijeka, City of Rijeka, City of Zagreb and Ministry of Science, Education and Sport.

University of Rijeka
The University of Rijeka (Croatian: Sveučilište u Rijeci) is in the city of Rijeka, Croatia, with faculties in cities throughout the regions of Primorje, Istria and Lika.

The University of Rijeka is composed of eleven faculties, one art academy, two departments, university libraries and the Student Centre Rijeka (SCRI).
Michael Haley (rugby league)
Michael Haley (born 19 September 1987) is an English former rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s. He has played at representative level for Ireland, and at club level for the Leeds Rhinos in the Super League, Doncaster, the Sheffield Eagles, Featherstone Rovers and Hunslet in League 1, as a prop.

Ireland national rugby league team
The Ireland men's national rugby league team, known as the Wolfhounds, is organised by Rugby League Ireland and represents the entire isle of Ireland in international rugby league. The representative team is composed largely of players of Irish descent who compete in the Super League as well as the Australasian National Rugby League. Ireland is also represented by an Ireland A side, which is made up of players from the Irish domestic competition.

Since Ireland began competing in international rugby league in 1995, it has participated in the 1995 Rugby League Emerging Nations Tournament, the 1996 Super League World Nines, and five Rugby League World Cups – 2000, 2008, 2013, 2017 and 2021. They have also competed in the Rugby League European Nations Cup.

Although, the island of Ireland is separate from the island of Great Britain, Irish players such as Cork-born Brian Carney have in the past been selected to play for the Great Britain side.
Uropygial gland
The uropygial gland, informally known as the preen gland or the oil gland, is a bilobed sebaceous gland possessed by the majority of birds used to distribute the gland's oil through the plumage by means of preening.  It is located dorsally at the base of the tail (between the fourth caudal vertebra and the pygostyle) and is greatly variable in both shape and size.  In some species, the opening of the gland has a small tuft of feathers to provide a wick for the preen oil (see below).  It is a holocrine gland enclosed in a connective tissue capsule made up of glandular acini that deposit their oil secretion into a common collector tube ending in a variable number of pores (openings), most typically two. Each lobe has a central cavity that collects the secretion from tubules arranged radially around the cavity. The gland secretion is conveyed to the surface via ducts that, in most species, open at the top of a papilla (nipple-like structure).

Sebaceous gland
A sebaceous gland or oil gland is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals. In humans, sebaceous glands occur in the greatest number on the face and scalp, but also on all parts of the skin except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. In the eyelids, meibomian glands, also called tarsal glands, are a type of sebaceous gland that secrete a special type of sebum into tears. Surrounding the female nipples, areolar glands are specialized sebaceous glands for lubricating the nipples. Fordyce spots are benign, visible, sebaceous glands found usually on the lips, gums and inner cheeks, and genitals.
Josse Joseph de Lehaye
Josse Judocus Joseph de Lehaye-Dael (28 May 1800 – 22 September 1888) was a Belgian magistrate and liberal politician.

As a politician, he was a member of the National Congress, burgomaster of Merendree, member of the municipal council and mayor of Ghent (1854–1857), member of the provincial council of the province of East Flanders and a member of parliament. He was President of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives from 25 April 1855 until 13 June 1857.

Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
The Chamber of Representatives (Dutch: Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers; French: Chambre des représentants; German: Abgeordnetenkammer) is one of the two chambers in the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Senate. It is considered to be the "lower house" of the Federal Parliament.
Katy Bourne
Katy Elizabeth Bourne OBE (née Baxter; born 24 October 1964) is a Conservative politician who has served as the Sussex Police and Crime Commissioner since winning the inaugural election in Sussex in November 2012.  In 2016 and 2021 she was re-elected for her second and third terms in office. In May 2024 she was elected for a fourth term of office, securing 122,495 votes and a significantly narrowed majority of 23,000 on a turn-out of 24.2%.

After selling her leisure business in 2005, Bourne held a number of political and regional government roles from 2009 onwards. During this period, she served as a Mid Sussex District councillor. Bourne is the Conservative Party candidate for Mayor of Sussex and Brighton in the 2028 mayoral election.

Sussex and Brighton Combined Authority
The Sussex and Brighton Combined Authority (SBCCA) is a proposed combined authority in south-east England. The proposal is linked to the English Devolution Bill, first outlined in 2024 by the Starmer ministry. The region would have a directly elected mayor. The first election will be held in May 2026.
Kathleen Baker
Kathleen Baker (born February 28, 1997) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in freestyle and backstroke events. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she won a gold medal in the 4x100-meter medley relay and a silver medal in the individual 100-meter backstroke. She is the former world-record holder in 100 meter backstroke, set on July 28, 2018, in 58.00 at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center in Irvine, CA. Baker is also the former world-record holder in the 4x100 meter medley relay with Lilly King, Dana Vollmer, and Simone Manuel.

Dana Vollmer
Dana Whitney Vollmer (born November 13, 1987) is a former American competition swimmer, five-time Olympic gold medalist, and former world record-holder.  At the 2004 Summer Olympics, she won a gold medal as a member of the winning United States team in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay that set the world record in the event. Eight years later at the 2012 Summer Olympics, Vollmer set the world record on her way to the gold medal in the 100-meter butterfly, and also won golds in the 4×100-meter medley relay and 4×200-meter freestyle relay. She won three medals including a gold at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

Vollmer won a total of thirty two medals in major international competitions, including nineteen gold medals, eight silver, and five bronze, spanning the Olympics, the World Championships, the Pan American Games, the Pan Pacific Championships, and the Goodwill Games, making her one of the most decorated female Olympians in swimming.