hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amatino Manucci
Amatino Manucci was an Italian merchant based in Nîmes, France in the late 13th century, whose work includes the earliest extant accounting of double-entry bookkeeping, although he is not credited for inventing this accounting technique.

Manucci kept the accounts for Giovanni Farolfi & Company, a merchant partnership based in Nîmes, France. Manucci was a partner for the Salon, South of France branch. The writing, entirely in Manucci's hand, is neat, legible, and mostly well-preserved. Financial records from 1299—1300 survive that he kept for the firm's branch in Salon, Provence.  Although these records are incomplete, they show enough detail to be identified as double-entry bookkeeping. These details include the use of debits and credits and duality of entries. "No more is known of Amatino Manucci, than this ledger that he kept."

Nîmes
Nîmes is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. Located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Cévennes mountain range, the estimated population of the commune of Nîmes stood at 148,561 in 2019.

Dubbed the most Roman city outside Italy, Nîmes has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire when the city's population was estimated at approximately 50,000–60,000. Since several famous monuments and ancient Roman buildings are located in Nîmes, including the Arena of Nîmes and the Maison carrée, the city is often referred to as the "French Rome."
Why Try to Change Me Now
Why Try to Change Me Now is a Chinese suspense crime TV series directed by Zhang Dalei. The series is an adaptation of the novel Moses on the Plain by Shuang Xuetao. It stars Dong Zijian, Hai Qing, Qiu Tian and Dong Baoshi. The series aired on iQIYI from January 16 to January 19, 2023. It is the first Chinese language TV series nominated in Berlinale Series section.

IQIYI
iQIYI (Chinese: 爱奇艺; pinyin: Àiqíyì, pronounced in English as eye-CHEE-yee), formerly Qiyi (奇艺; Qíyì), is a Chinese subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Baidu. Headquartered in Beijing, iQIYI primarily produces and distributes films and television series.

iQIYI is currently one of the largest online video sites in the world, with nearly 6 billion hours spent on its service each month and over 500 million monthly active users. On March 29, 2018, the company issued its initial public offering in the United States and raised $2.25 billion.
Crystal Lett
Crystal Lett is an American politician who is a Democratic member of the Ohio House of Representatives, representing the 11th district. She was first elected in the 2024 Ohio House of Representatives election, defeating Republican nominee and former state senator Stephanie Kunze with 51.8% of the vote. The district is based in Franklin County, taking in the communities of Dublin and Hilliard.

Lett ran in the 2020 Ohio Senate election in District 16, but lost to Kunze.

Stephanie Kunze
Stephanie Kunze is an American politician who served as a member of the Ohio Senate for the 16th district. She formerly served in the Ohio House of Representatives for the 24th district. Prior to her election, she was a member of Hilliard City Council and a secretary at Norwich Elementary School.
Asmaiza Ahmad
Asmaiza binti Ahmad (born 18 April 1975) is a Malaysian politician who served as Member of the Perlis State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under former Menteri Besar Azlan Man from May 2017 to May 2018 for the first term and from June 2018 to the collapse of the BN state administration in November 2022 for the second term as well as Member of the Perlis State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Chuping from May 2013 to November 2022. She is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition.

Azlan Man
Dato' Seri Azlan bin Man (born 2 September 1958)  is a Malaysian politician and diplomat who served as the 9th Menteri Besar of Perlis from 7 May 2013 to 22 November 2022, and Member of the Perlis State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Bintong from May 2018 to November 2022. He also served as the MLA for Pauh from May 2013 to May 2018. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He also served as the State Chairman of BN of Perlis from April 2021 to April 2023 and of UMNO of Perlis from April 2021 to March 2023.
185th (2/1st West Riding) Brigade
The 185th (2/1st West Riding) Brigade was a formation of the Territorial Force of the British Army. It was assigned to the 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division and served on the Western Front during the First World War.

Leeds Rifles
The Leeds Rifles was a unit of the 19th century Volunteer Force of the British Army that went on to serve under several different guises in the World Wars of the 20th century. In the First World War, both battalions served as infantry on the Western Front. They were later converted into an anti-aircraft and tank units, and fought in North Africa, Italy, and Burma during the Second World War.
Tiarella stolonifera
Tiarella stolonifera is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae. The specific name stolonifera means "spreading by stolons", an important characteristic of this species (not to be confused with Tiarella austrina, which also spreads by stolons). Known as the creeping foamflower, it has the widest range of any species of Tiarella in eastern North America.

Stolon
In biology, a stolon (/ˈstoʊlɒn/ ⓘ from Latin stolō, genitive stolōnis – "branch"), also known as a runner, is a horizontal connection between parts of an organism. It may be part of the organism, or of its skeleton. Typically, animal stolons are exoskeletons (external skeletons).
The Jailbird
The Jailbird is a 1920 American silent comedy-drama film directed by Lloyd Ingraham and written by Julien Josephson. The film stars Douglas MacLean, Doris May, Louis Morrison, William Courtright, Wilbur Higby, and Otto Hoffman. The film was released on October 10, 1920, by Paramount Pictures.

Otto Hoffman
Otto F. Hoffman (May 2, 1879 – June 23, 1944) was an American film actor. He appeared in almost 200 films between 1915 and 1944. He was born in New York City and died in Los Angeles, California, from lung cancer.

Hoffman's Broadway credits include The Strange Woman (1913), The Spring Maid (1910), and A Broken Idol (1909). He was also active in stock theater productions. Hoffman debuted in film in 1906 in a production of the Edison Company in New York. Later he worked for Goldwyn Pictures.
2020–21 Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball)
The 2020–21 Úrvalsdeild kvenna is the 64th season of the Úrvalsdeild kvenna, the top tier women's basketball league on Iceland. The season started on 23 September 2020. On 7 October, the Icelandic Basketball Association postponed the season for two weeks do to another Coronavirus outbreak in Iceland.  It concluded on 2 June 2021 with Valur winning their second title after beating Haukar 3–0 in the Úrvalsdeild finals.

Icelandic Basketball Association
The Icelandic Basketball Association (Icelandic:Körfuknattleikssamband Íslands - KKÍ) is the national governing body of basketball in Iceland and is a member of the continental association FIBA Europe and the global International Basketball Federation (FIBA). It directs and oversees all of the national basketball teams of Iceland, including both the junior and senior national teams of both men and women.

It was founded on January 29, 1961 and its first chairman was Bogi Þorsteinsson, but current chairman is Kristinn Albertsson.
Loving Miss Hatto
Loving Miss Hatto is a 2012 British television film directed by Aisling Walsh and starring Maimie McCoy and Francesca Annis as Joyce Hatto and Rory Kinnear and Alfred Molina as William Barrington-Coupe.

Francesca Annis
Francesca Annis (born 14 May 1945) is an English actress. She is known for television roles in Reckless (1998), Wives and Daughters (1999), Deceit (2000), and Cranford (2007). A six-time BAFTA TV Award nominee, she won the 1979 BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for the ITV serial Lillie. Her film appearances include Macbeth (1971), Krull (1983), Dune (1984), The Debt Collector (1999), and The Libertine (2004).
Melling branch
The Melling branch is a railway branch line in the Hutt Valley, north of Wellington, New Zealand.  It is part of the national rail network and formerly part of the Wairarapa line. Until 2010 it was one of only two passenger-only lines in the country (the second one being the Johnsonville line), since that year the two being joined by the Onehunga branch and later by the Manukau branch.

Services are operated by Transdev Wellington under the Metlink brand and marketed as the Melling Line. Matangi EMU trains run between Wellington and Melling from Monday to Friday.

The Melling Line is expected to close for up to eighteen months from July 2024 to enable the RiverLink flood protection project to proceed. A new Melling station is to be built 250m south of the existing station, which will be preserved as a heritage building.

Manukau Branch
The Manukau Branch is a 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) spur railway line off the North Island Main Trunk railway from Wiri to Manukau City Centre in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the first fully new section of railway line constructed in Auckland since the Eastern Line in 1930. From Manukau, the branch connects to the NIMT in the north facing direction only.

The estimated cost of the project was $50 million. Construction began in June 2008 with completion expected in late 2011. However, due to other work on the Auckland network taking priority, completion was rescheduled for April 2012. Station works were reported essentially finished by October 2011, and the line opened on 15 April 2012.
Bessemer, Alabama
Bessemer is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States and a southwestern suburb of Birmingham. The population was 26,019 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 25,079 in 2024. It is within the Birmingham–Hoover, AL Metropolitan statistical area, of which Jefferson County is the center. It developed rapidly as an industrial city in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Fairfield, Alabama
Fairfield is a city in western Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Birmingham metropolitan area and is located southeast of Pleasant Grove. The population was 10,000 at the 2020 census. Fairfield is home to Miles College, a historically black college enrolling over 1,100 students.
A Beautiful New World
A Beautiful New World is a 1999 Chinese comedy film directed by Shi Runjiu. The film, Shi's first (he had previously served as an assistant director for Lu Yue's Mr. Zhao), was co-produced by Xi'an Film Studio and the independent Imar Film Company. It was Imar Film's second production, coming after 1997's Spicy Love Soup.

Set in Shanghai, the film stars Jiang Wu and Tao Hong as a mismatched pair. Taiwanese pop stars Richie Jen and Wu Bai are cast in minor roles.

Tao Hong (actress, born 1972)
Tao Hong (Chinese: 陶虹; born 15 January 1972) is a Chinese actress and former synchronised swimmer. A National Games of China champion, Tao was part of the Chinese national team at several synchronised swimming competitions from 1987 to 1991, including the 1991 World Aquatics Championships.

As an actress, Tao has received wide acclaim for films like Colors of the Blind (1997) and Forgetting to Know You (2013), though she is better known for hit TV dramas like Sunny Piggy (2000), Nothing in the Mirror (2002), Chuncao (2007) and The Red (2014). Internationally, Tao is probably best known for her small role in the Academy Award-winning film The Red Violin (1998).
Patrick Brazeau
Patrick Brazeau (born November 11, 1974) is a Canadian politician. On the recommendation of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Brazeau was appointed to the Senate of Canada by Governor General Michaëlle Jean on January 8, 2009. Prior to his appointment, Brazeau was the national chief of the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples from 2006 to 2009.

During his tenure in the Senate, Brazeau faced a number of controversies. He was arrested several times in 2013 and in 2014 including for assault and cocaine possession, the two charges he pleaded guilty to in 2015 as part of a plea deal which saw him acquitted of sexual assault and other charges. He was granted an absolute discharge by a Quebec court, avoiding incarceration or a criminal record. Brazeau was suspended from the Senate until September 2016, when separate charges of fraud and breach of trust related to his disallowed expense claims were withdrawn by the Crown.

Mac Harb
Mac Harb (Arabic: ماك هارب; born November 10, 1953) is a former Canadian politician, who served successively in local Ottawa positions, as a Member of the House of Commons, and as a Senator for Ontario. He resigned his seat as Senator in 2013 amidst the Canadian Senate expenses scandal.
Saint-Paul-de-Varces
Saint-Paul-de-Varces (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ pɔl də vaʁs], literally Saint-Paul of Varces; Arpitan: Sant-Pol) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.

It is located 30 km southwest of Grenoble.

Varces-Allières-et-Risset
Varces-Allières-et-Risset (French pronunciation: [vaʁs aljɛʁ e ʁisɛ]; Arpitan: Varse-Aliéres-et-Riosèc) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. It is part of the Grenoble urban unit (agglomeration). It was created in 1955 by the merger of the former communes Varces and Allières-et-Risset.
Battle of Bolnisi
The Battle of Bolnisi (Georgian: ბოლნისის ბრძოლა) was fought in 1228 AD near Bolnisi, then part of the Kingdom of Georgia. The invading Khwarazmid Empire was led by Jalal al-Din Mangburni, its last Sultan, who was driven from his realm by the Mongol Empire and was trying to recapture lost territories.

Bolnisi
Bolnisi (Georgian: ბოლნისი) is a city in the country of Georgia, located in the Kvemo Kartli region and capital of the Bolnisi district. It currently has an estimated 8,348 inhabitants as of January 1, 2024.
Amari (The Morning Show)
"Amari" is the fifth episode of the fourth season of the American drama television series The Morning Show, inspired by Brian Stelter's 2013 book Top of the Morning. It is the 35th overall episode of the series and was written by co-executive producer Vanessa Baden Kelly, and directed by Millicent Shelton. It was released on Apple TV+ on October 15, 2025.

The show examines the characters and culture behind a network broadcast morning news program. In the episode, Christine faces a controversy from her past, while Mia discovers that Alex is preventing her from finding a new job. Meanwhile, Bradley begins to investigate Cory's background for more information on the Wolf River story.

The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, with high praise towards Pittman's and Beharie's performances in the episode.

Vanessa Baden
Vanessa Jennifer Baden-Kelly (/ˈbeɪdən/; born September 8, 1985) is an American actress, writer, director, and producer. She is best known as a child actress in the Nickelodeon television series Gullah Gullah Island (1994–1998) and Kenan & Kel (1996–2000). In 2017, she starred, co-wrote and co-produced the web series Giants, executive produced by Issa Rae. In 2019, she won a Daytime Emmy Award for her performance in Giants.

She was the executive story editor and writer for season 1 of The Sex Lives of College Girls.
Albert Lindsay von Julin
Albert Ludvig Lindsay von Julin (2 August 1871 – 8 May 1944) was a Finnish engineer, businessman and vuorineuvos.

Julin was born in Pohja to an industrial family. After his studies he spent several years gaining work experience in Caucasus, after which he returned to Finland to manage his family business, the Fiskars company. Julin led the company for almost 40 years and grew it into one of the largest companies in Finland.

Julin also had a significant role in creating the Finnish employers' associations. He took part in the last Diet of Finland in 1904–1905 and in local politics in Pohja.

Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)
The Caucasus Viceroyalty was a special administrative unit of the Russian Empire located in the Caucasus region, existing from 1801 to 1917 under the governance of various administrative offices. It included the present-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as the Russian republics of Adygea, Chechnya,  Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and North Ossetia–Alania and portions of Southern Russia and Turkey.

Russia conquered the Caucasus in the early 19th century, beginning with the annexation of the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti and continuing with the Caucasian War and a series of conflicts against the Ottoman and Persian empires.
Pachakutiq (Arequipa-Moquegua)
Pachakutiq (Quechua pacha time, space, kuti return, "return of time", "change of time", pacha kuti "great change or disturbance in the social or political order", -q a suffix, Pachakutiq an Inca emperor, Hispanicized spelling Pachacutec) is a 5,173-metre-high (16,972 ft) mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located southeast of Lake Salinas in the Arequipa Region, Arequipa Province, Tarucani District, and in the Moquegua Region, General Sánchez Cerro Province, Coalaque District. Pachakutiq lies northwest of Q'uwa Laki and Qillqata.

Q'uwa Laki
Q'uwa Laki (Aymara q'uwa a medical plant, laki distribution; a wise person specialized in healing diseases, Hispanicized spelling Coalaque) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,200 metres (17,060 ft) high . It is located in the Moquegua Region, General Sánchez Cerro Province, on the border of the districts Coalaque, Matalaque and Omate. Q'uwa Laki lies southeast of the peaks of Qillqata and Wilani.
Paskeville, South Australia
Paskeville is a town on South Australia's Yorke Peninsula. It is located approximately 20 km east of Kadina on the Copper Coast Highway towards Adelaide. At the 2016 census, Paskeville had a population of 178. The town's district is administratively divided between the Copper Coast Council and the District Council of Barunga West.

Kadina, South Australia
Kadina (/kəˈdiːnə/ kə-DEE-nə) is a town on the Yorke Peninsula of the Australian state of South Australia, approximately 144 kilometres north-northwest of the state capital of Adelaide. The largest town of the Peninsula, Kadina is one of the three Copper Triangle towns famous for their shared copper mining history. The three towns are known as "Little Cornwall" for the significant number of immigrants from Cornwall who worked at the mines in the late 19th century.

Kadina's surrounds form an important agricultural base for the region, and are used for growing cereal crops. Kadina used to be a mining town but now the majority of Kadina's land is used for farming.
Wollman Rink
Wollman Rink is a public ice rink in the southern part of Central Park, Manhattan, New York City.  It is named after the Wollman family who donated the funds for its original construction. The rink is open for ice skating from late October to early April. From 2003 until 2019, Victorian Gardens, a seasonal amusement park for children, was operated on the site from late May to September.

Wollman Rink opened in 1950, having been proposed four years earlier.  The rink was closed for renovations in late 1980 and reopened in November 1986. Following the renovation, The Trump Organization operated the rink under contract with the New York City government until 1995 and again from 2001 until 2021, when control was given to Wollman Park Partners, a joint venture formed between Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment, The Related Companies, and Equinox Group.

Equinox Group
Equinox Holdings, Inc. is an American luxury fitness company and health club headquartered in New York City. The company operates more than 300 club facilities in major cities in the United States, as well as in London, Toronto, and Vancouver in Canada.

Equinox Group also has a digital platform, the Equinox+ App, that provides access to digital classes. Equinox is owned by a group of investors including Harvey Spevak, executive chairman and managing partner, as well as principals of Related Companies. It operates several lifestyle brands: Equinox, Equinox Hotels, Precision Run, Project by Equinox, Equinox Explore, Equinox Media, Furthermore, Pure Yoga, Blink Fitness, and SoulCycle.
Female Convict Scorpion: Beast Stable
Female Prisoner Scorpion: Beast Stable (女囚さそり　けもの部屋, Joshū Sasori - Kemonobeya) is a film made by Toei Company in 1973.
It is the third in the Female Prisoner Scorpion series, following Female Prisoner #701: Scorpion and Female Prisoner Scorpion: Jailhouse 41 (both 1972). The star (Meiko Kaji) and director (Shunya Itō) were paired in all three.

Female Convict Scorpion: Jailhouse 41
Female Prisoner Scorpion: Jailhouse 41 (女囚さそり　第４１雑居房, Joshū Sasori – Dai 41 Zakkyobō) is a film released in 1972 by Toei Company. It is the second in the Female Prisoner Scorpion series. It stars Meiko Kaji and is directed by Shunya Itō, who also directed the first film in the series, Female Prisoner #701: Scorpion.
Federalization of Buenos Aires
The federalization of Buenos Aires was the process by which the city of Buenos Aires, until then capital of the province of Buenos Aires, was politically separated from the latter to put it under direct control of the national government as a federal territory. That had been a constant aspiration of the other provinces of Argentina since the formation of the federation. However, harsh political debates around the issue prevented the federalization until 1880, more than sixty years and a long civil war later.

Unitarian Party
The Unitarian Party (Spanish: Partido Unitario) was a political party that were proponents of the concept of a unitary state (centralized government) in Buenos Aires during the civil wars that shortly followed the Declaration of Independence of Argentina in 1816. They were opposed to the Argentine Federalists, who wanted a federation of autonomous provinces.
The Woman in White (1929 film)
The Woman in White is a 1929 British silent mystery film directed by Herbert Wilcox (whose main career was as a producer) and starring Blanche Sweet, Haddon Mason and Cecil Humphreys. It was written by Robert Cullen and Herbert Wilcox, based on the 1859 mystery novel The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins.

The film was made at Cricklewood Studios in London and was the first British film version of the novel. Some sources disagree on whether the film was actually made in England or in Scotland, however.

Blanche Sweet
Sarah Blanche Sweet (June 18, 1896 – September 6, 1986) was an American silent film actress who began her career in the early days of the motion picture film industry. Throughout her career, Sweet appeared in 121 silent films and three sound films.
Himalayan quail
The Himalayan quail (Ophrysia superciliosa) or mountain quail, is a medium-sized quail belonging to the pheasant family. It was last reported in 1876 and is feared extinct. This species was known from only 2 locations (and 12 specimens) in the western Himalayas in Uttarakhand, north-west India. The last verifiable record was in 1876 near the hill station of Mussoorie.

Mussoorie
Mussoorie (Hindi: [məsuːɾiː]) is a hill station and a municipal board in the Dehradun district of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is about 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the state capital of Dehradun and 300 km (190 mi) north of the national capital of New Delhi. The hill station is in the foothills of the Garhwal Himalayan range. The adjoining town of Landour, which includes a military cantonment, is considered part of "greater Mussoorie", as are the townships Barlowganj and Jharipani.

Mussoorie is at an average altitude of 2,001 metres (6,565 ft). To the northeast are the Himalayan snow ranges, and to the south, the Doon Valley and Sivalik Hills ranges. The second highest point is the original Lal Tibba in Landour, with a height of over 2,258 m (7,408 ft). Mussoorie is popularly known as The Queen of the Hills.

There were 3.02 million (30.23 lac) travellers to Mussoorie in 2019.