hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Linear span
In mathematics, the linear span (also called the linear hull or just span) of a set  of elements of a vector space  is the smallest linear subspace of  that contains  It is the set of all finite linear combinations of the elements of S, and the intersection of all linear subspaces that contain  It is often denoted span(S) or

For example, in geometry, two linearly independent vectors span a plane.

To express that a vector space V is a linear span of a subset S, one commonly uses one of the following phrases: S spans V; S is a spanning set of V; V is spanned or generated by S;  S is a generator set or a generating set of V.

Spans can be generalized to many mathematical structures, in which case, the smallest substructure containing  is generally called the substructure generated by

Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, geometric shapes, variables, or other sets.  A set may be finite or infinite. There is a unique set with no elements, called the empty set; a set with a single element is a singleton.

Mathematics typically does not define precisely what constitutes a "set" or "collection", because such a definition would have to be in terms of something else previously defined.  Instead, sets serve as foundational objects whose behavior is described by axioms modeled on intuition about collections, and then essentially all other mathematical objects are rigorously defined in terms of sets.

Set theory studies possible axiom systems and their consequences.
Since the first half of the 20th century, ZFC (Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice) has been the axiom system most commonly used.
Boston Bolts (1988–1990)
The Boston Bolts were a short lived U.S. soccer team which came into existence in 1988 as a member of the third American Soccer League (ASL).  They played in Boston, Massachusetts at Nickerson Field.  The team joined the American Professional Soccer League in 1990 when the ASL merged with the Western Soccer League.

American Professional Soccer League
The American Professional Soccer League (APSL) was a professional men's soccer league with teams from the United States and later Canada. It was formed in 1990 by the merger of the third American Soccer League with the Western Soccer League. It was the first outdoor soccer league to feature teams from throughout the United States since the demise of the North American Soccer League in 1984.

The league was sanctioned as Division II in the United States soccer league system but was the country's de facto top professional soccer league until 1995. In 1993, the APSL applied for the vacant Division I role but lost out to Major League Soccer who would begin play in 1996.

For its final two seasons in 1995 and 1996, the APSL changed its name to the A-League. It was subsequently absorbed by the emerging USISL organization with six of seven clubs joining the new USISL A-League in 1997. The USISL (later USL) retained the A-League name until 2004 when it became the USL First Division.
Wataten!
Wataten!: An Angel Flew Down to Me (Japanese: 私に天使が舞い降りた!, Hepburn: Watashi ni Tenshi ga Maiorita!) is a Japanese four-panel yuri comedy manga series written and illustrated by Nanatsu Mukunoki. The series began publication in Ichijinsha's Comic Yuri Hime magazine in November 2016. An anime television series adaptation produced by Doga Kobo aired in Japan between January and March 2019. A theatrical anime film titled Wataten!: An Angel Flew Down to Me: Precious Friends premiered in October 2022.

Ichijinsha
Ichijinsha Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社一迅社, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Ichijinsha) is a Japanese publishing company focused on manga-related publication, including magazines and books.

The company was first established in August 1992 as a limited company under the name Studio DNA whose main purpose was to edit shōnen manga. In January 1998, Studio DNA became a public company and moved from merely editing to now being a publishing company. In December 2001, a publishing company was formed named Issaisha which started the shōjo manga magazine Monthly Comic Zero Sum. In March 2005, Studio DNA and Issaisha merged into the current Ichijinsha company. In October 2016, Ichijinsha was acquired by Kodansha and became its wholly owned subsidiary.
Clean House New York
Clean House New York is an American reality television series on the Style Network. The series premiered on October 17, 2011 and is a spin-off of Clean House. Clean House New York follows New York designers and former HGTV Design Star competitors Nina Ferrer and Michael Moeller, along with their work crew, as they help families across the city clean up their homes.

Clean House
Clean House is a home makeover and interior design television show, originally broadcast from 2003 until 2011 which aired 10 seasons of programs on the Style Network. Originally hosted by Niecy Nash and later by Tempestt Bledsoe, the show brings a four-person cleanup-and-renovation crew to the homes of families to clean up clutter.

In 2010, Nash announced that she would be leaving the series, her final episode aired on December 1, 2010. Later that month, Style Network confirmed that former Cosby Show cast member Tempestt Bledsoe would take over as host. Her first episode aired on December 15, 2010.
Kuldip Yadav
Kuldip Yadav (born 15 October 1996) is an Indian cricketer who represents Delhi in domestic cricket and previously played for Rajasthan Royals in the Indian Premier League (IPL). He is a left-arm fast bowler.

Delhi cricket team
The Delhi cricket team is a first-class cricket team based in Delhi, run by the Delhi & District Cricket Association. It plays in the Ranji Trophy, India's first-class competition, as well as in the limited-overs competition, the Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. They have won the Ranji Trophy seven times and have been runners-up eight. Their latest title in 2007-08 came after 16 years. The team's home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium.
Warlock (The Avengers)
"Warlock" is the eighteenth episode of the second series of the 1960s cult British spy-fi television series The Avengers, starring Patrick Macnee and Honor Blackman. It was first broadcast in the Teledu Cymru region of the ITV network on Friday 25 January 1963. ABC Weekend TV, who produced the show for ITV, broadcast it the next day in its own regions. The episode was directed by Peter Hammond and written by Doreen Montgomery.

Honor Blackman
Honor Blackman (22 August 1925 – 5 April 2020) was an English actress and singer, known for the roles of Cathy Gale in The Avengers (1962–1964), "Bond girl" Pussy Galore in Goldfinger (1964), Julia Daggett in Shalako (1968), and Hera in Jason and the Argonauts (1963). She is also known for her role as Laura West in the ITV sitcom The Upper Hand (1990–1996).
Lankapura Dandanatha
Lankapura Dandanatha, more commonly referred to as simply Lankapura, was a Senapati of the Sinhala Army during the reign of King Parakramabahu I. He led an expeditionary force to South India in support of the Pandyan king Parakrama Pandyan I, made Vira Pandyan to get the throne. Parakrama Pandyan I was killed during the Siege of Madurai in the early stage of the war Lankapura and his forces were able to summon a Pandyan prince by the name of Vira Pandyan III who is the son of Parakrama Pandyan I and Lankapura succeeded in restoring the Pandyan prince to the throne, and ordered the use of Sri Lankan currency in areas under Pandyan prince control. After his victories, he was defeated and beheaded by Cholas.

Parakrama Pandyan I
Parakrama Pandyan I was a Pandyan king of Tamilakkam, ruling from the Pandyan capital in Madurai. He was besieged in the Pandyan Civil War (1169–1177) by his contemporary, rival and throne claimant Kulasekhara Pandyan in 1169, a vassal of the Chola Dynasty. Parakrama Pandyan I sought assistance from the Ceylonese king Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa, but was subsequently executed. Kulasekhara Pandyan ascended to the Madurai throne, but was eventually forced to seek refuge in Chola country in 1171. Parakrama Pandyan I's son Vira Pandyan III ascended on the Pandyan throne before he was defeated by Chola forces.

In 1212, a succeeding namesake royal of the dynasty, Parakrama Pandyan II, invaded Ceylon and became monarch at Polonnaruwa for three years with the title Parakrama Pandya of Polonnaruwa.
RMS Segwun
RMS Segwun  is the oldest operating steam driven vessel in North America, built in 1887 as Nipissing to cruise the Muskoka Lakes in the Muskoka, Ontario, Canada, a resort area with many lakes and rivers.  Early in the 20th century, Muskoka was poorly served by roads.  Vacationers were transported to lodges, or private cottages, via a fleet of steamships. Segwun is the oldest of only three ships in the world still carrying the status of Royal Mail Ship, and the only steamer.

Ports of call included Gravenhurst, Bracebridge, Beaumaris, Port Sandfield, Port Carling and Bala.

Port Carling
Port Carling is an unincorporated community in the Township of Muskoka Lakes in the Canadian province of Ontario. It has been the municipal seat of the township since 1971. It has several hundred year-round residents and is a service centre for thousands of other seasonal residents in the area.
Alfredo Lalanne
Alfredo Lalanne (born 3 March 1983 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine scrum-half who plays for London Scottish in the Aviva Championship.

Lalanne was born in Buenos Aires, where he attended the Los Molinos School. The San Isidro Club was his rugby 'home' through his teens and early twenties. He played at all age levels for Argentina and made lasting friendships with Tomás de Vedia, Gonzalo Tiesi and Juan Manuel Leguizamón, players who preceded him at London Irish.

Lalanne played for his country's age group teams before joining the Argentina Sevens team in the IRB World Sevens Series circuit in 2007. He was also his country's number one choice as scrum-half in the IRB Nations Cup in Bucharest in 2007, where the Argentina Jaguars made it to the final only to lose to the Emerging Springboks.

He made his debut for Argentina against South Africa on 9 August 2008 in Johannesburg.

He was called for the 2011 Rugby World Cup.

Tomás de Vedia
Tomás de Vedia (born May 31, 1982) is an Argentine rugby union player. He plays as a centre.

He is the son of rugby player back row Ricardo "Tacho" de Vedia. He played at the San Isidro Club in Buenos Aires, debuting in the top league of Argentine rugby in 2003. In 2006 he moved to Saracens in England, and in 2007 moved again to London Irish, where he played alongside fellow Argentines Gonzalo Tiesi and Juan Manuel Leguizamón. He debuted for the Argentine national team in June 2007 as a forward against Ireland but was not selected for the 2007 World Cup. He had 3 caps, without scoring, until 2008. He also played for Argentina Jaguars.

After being released by London Irish, he has since moved back to Argentina to play for SIC.
Royal Carnarvon Rifles
The Carnarvonshire Militia, later the Royal Carnarvon Rifles, was an auxiliary regiment reorganised in the county of Caernarfonshire (then spelt Carnarvonshire) in North Wales during the 18th Century from earlier precursor units. Primarily intended for home defence, it served in Britain and Ireland through all Britain's major wars until it was disbanded in 1908.

Militia (England)
The English Militia was the principal military reserve force of the Kingdom of England. Militia units were repeatedly raised in England from the Anglo-Saxon period onwards for internal security duties and to defend against external invasions. One of the first militia units in England were the fyrd, which were raised from freemen to defend the estate of their local Shire's lord or accompany the housecarls on offensive expeditions. During the Middle Ages, English militia units continued to be raised for service in various conflicts such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War and the Wars of the Roses. Militia troops continued to see service in Tudor and Stuart periods, most prominently in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Following the Acts of Union 1707, the English Militia was transformed into the British Militia.
Jeff Danna
Jeff Danna is a Canadian film and television composer. He has composed or co-composed scores for a wide range of films and television, including The Boondock Saints (1999), Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004), Silent Hill (2006), The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009), The Good Dinosaur (2015), Storks (2016), The Breadwinner (2017), The Addams Family (2019), Onward (2020), Guillermo Del Toro’s Tales of Arcadia (2019-2021), My Father’s Dragon (2022), Julia (2022), Churchill at War (2024) and The Hunting Wives (2025).

His older brother, composer Mychael Danna, is a frequent collaborator, and the two have received Emmy nominations for their work on Camelot (2011), Tyrant (2014-2016), and Alias Grace (2017). Additionally, Danna has been nominated for six Annie Awards, won five BMI Film & TV Awards, a Gemini Award, a Genie award, two Hollywood Music in Media Awards, and 15 SOCAN Awards.

The Addams Family (2019 film)
The Addams Family is a 2019 animated supernatural comedy film based on the comic strip characters created by Charles Addams. It was directed by Conrad Vernon and Greg Tiernan, and written by Matt Lieberman. The film stars the voices of Oscar Isaac, Charlize Theron, Chloë Grace Moretz, Finn Wolfhard, Nick Kroll, Snoop Dogg, Bette Midler, and Allison Janney.

The film was theatrically released in the United States and in Canada by United Artists Releasing on October 11, 2019. It received mixed reviews from critics, and grossed $204 million against a $24 million budget.

A sequel, The Addams Family 2, was released in 2021.
Craig Point
Craig Point (born January 19, 1986), is an Iroquois lacrosse player who currently plays for the Rochester Knighthawks of the National Lacrosse League and the Six Nations Chiefs of Major Series Lacrosse.  He was born in Ohsweken, Ontario, and comes from the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation.

Six Nations Chiefs
The Six Nations Chiefs are Canadian Senior box lacrosse team from Six Nations of the Grand River.  The Chiefs play in the Major Series Lacrosse of the Ontario Lacrosse Association.  The Chiefs are nine-time Mann Cup National Senior Champions.
Cayman Islands at the 2010 Winter Olympics
The Cayman Islands sent a delegation to compete at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, held between 12–28 February 2010. The territory made its debut at the Winter Olympics, sending one athlete, alpine skier Dow Travers. Travers entered the men's giant slalom and finished in 69th place.

Alpine skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's giant slalom
The men's giant slalom competition of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was held at Whistler Creekside in Whistler, British Columbia. Originally scheduled for February 21, it was rescheduled to February 23, due to delays of preceding alpine events.

Carlo Janka of Switzerland won the gold, with Kjetil Jansrud of Norway taking the silver medal. Fellow countryman Aksel Lund Svindal won the bronze, his third medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Idiotka
Idiotka (Russian: Идиотка, lit. 'Female Idiot') is a 2025 American comedy film written and directed by Nastasya Popov in her directorial debut. It stars Anna Baryshnikov, Camila Mendes, Mark Ivanir, Benito Skinner, Owen Thiele, Galina Jovovich, Nerses Stamos, Ilia Volok, Jake Choi, Saweetie
and Julia Fox.

It premiered at the SXSW Festival on March 12, 2025, and was released on February 27, 2026, by Utopia.

Mark Ivanir
Mark Alexandrovich Ivanir (Russian: Марк Александрович Иванир; Ukrainian: Марк Олександрович Іванір; Hebrew: מארק איווניר) is a Soviet-born Israeli actor, known for his character roles on American film and television. Fluent in six languages, Ivanir's film credits include Schindler's List, Mr. & Mr. Smith, The Good Shepherd, The Terminal, Johny English Reborn, A Late Quartet, and Emilia Pérez. On Television, he has appeared on The Shield, 24, Alias, The Blacklist, and Mayor of Kingstown.

On stage, Ivanir co-founded Israel's acclaimed Gesher Theatre, which The London Times hailed as "one of the six best theatre companies in the world."
Margaret R. Guzman
Margaret Rose Guzman (born 1960) is an American attorney serving as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. She previously served as a judge of the Ayer District Court in Middlesex County, Massachusetts.

United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
The United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (in case citations, D. Mass.) is the federal district court whose territorial jurisdiction is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States.  The first court session was held in Boston in 1789.  The second term was held in Salem in 1790 and court session locations alternated between the two cities until 1813.  That year, Boston became the court's permanent home. A western division was opened in Springfield in 1979 and a central division was opened in Worcester in 1987.  The court's main building is the John Joseph Moakley Federal Courthouse on Fan Pier in South Boston.

Appeals from the District of Massachusetts are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, also located in the Moakley courthouse (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
The Prodigal Son (Sullivan)
The Prodigal Son is an oratorio by Arthur Sullivan with text taken from the parable of the same name in the Gospel of Luke. It features chorus with soprano, contralto, tenor and bass solos.  It premiered in Worcester Cathedral on 10 September 1869 as part of the Three Choirs Festival.

The work was Sullivan's first oratorio, and it was the first sacred music setting of this parable, preceding Claude Debussy's 1884 cantata L'enfant prodigue and Sergei Prokofiev's 1929 ballet The Prodigal Son, Op. 46.

Contralto
A contralto (Italian pronunciation: [konˈtralto]) is a classical female singing voice whose vocal range is the lowest of their voice types.

The contralto voice type is fairly rare. A contralto's range is similar to that of a mezzo-soprano, and almost identical to that of a countertenor – typically from the F below middle C (F3 in scientific pitch notation) to the second F above middle C (F5), although, at the extremes, some voices can reach the D below middle C (D3) or the second B♭ above middle C (B♭5). The contralto voice type includes coloratura, lyric, and dramatic contraltos.
Team Pyro
Team Pyro is a British auto racing team that is competing in the Renault Clio Cup United Kingdom and ADAC TCR Germany Touring Car Championship in partnership with Target Competition. The team has competed in numerous series, including the Blancpain Endurance Series, British GT Championship, Renault Clio Eurocup, and Renault Clio Cup Italia, among others. The team is also responsible for launching the careers of numerous British auto racing drivers, such as Andrew Jordan, Jeff Smith, Ashley Sutton, and Josh Files, among others.

Renault Clio Cup
The Renault Clio Cup Series is a one-make racing series created and managed by Alpine Racing (until 2020 known as Renault Sport). The championship was born after merging the 4 active Renault Clio national cups at that moment plus the Clio Cup Europe.
Emma Mullin
Emma Mullin (born 4 March 1985) is an Irish ladies' Gaelic footballer and association footballer. In Gaelic football, she won the All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship four times with Mayo GAA. In association football, she has played for the Republic of Ireland women's national football team.

Mayo county ladies' football team
The Mayo county ladies' football team represents Mayo in amateur ladies' Gaelic football. The team competes in inter-county competitions such as the All-Ireland TG4 Senior Ladies Championship and the Lidl Ladies National Football League as a member of the Ladies Gaelic Football Association.

Mayo are the fifth most successful team in the championship of all time, with four wins, and fifth most successful in the League of all time, with three wins. The late 1990s and early 2000s, when Mayo won four All-Ireland Championships in five years, is considered the "golden era" of ladies' football in Mayo. Mayo last won a major title in 2007, defeating Galway in Division 1 of the National Football League, and last won silverware in 2023, also defeating Galway in the Connacht championship.
Battle of Nikolayevka
The Battle of Nikolayevka occurred on 26 January 1943 when the Tridentina division (part of the Alpine corps, within the Italian 8th Army) broke out of the Soviet encirclement, near the village of Nikolayevka (now Livenka, Belgorod Oblast, in Russia). This allowed the Italian survivors of the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive, which caused huge losses to the Alpini, to complete their retreat to safety.

Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive
The Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive (Russian: Острогожско-Россошанская операция) was an offensive of the Voronezh Front on the Eastern Front of World War II against the Hungarian 2nd Army and parts of the Italian 8th Army as part of the Voronezh–Kharkov offensive.

The offensive came after Operation Little Saturn, made in support of the Stalingrad encirclement. The offensive was supported from the south by the right flank of the Soviet 6th Army and the 3rd Tank Army of Pavel Rybalko.
Violeta Quiles
Violeta García Quiles (born 10 December 1999) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a forward or left-back for Liga F club UD Tenerife. She has previously played for Alhama CF, Real Betis, and Real Sociedad.

Real Betis Féminas
Real Betis Balompié Féminas is the women's football club of Real Betis. Based in Seville, Andalusia, Spain, the club competes in the Liga F, the top league in Spain. Home matches are played at Ciudad Deportiva Luis del Sol.
Lynn Venable
Lynn Venable is a retired American soccer goalkeeper who played professionally in the American Indoor Soccer Association, Major Indoor Soccer League, USISL and Continental Indoor Soccer League.

Venable graduated from Lloyd V. Berkner High School in Richardson, Texas.  He attended North Texas State where he played on the men's soccer team from 1980 to 1983.  In 1984, he Venable played for the Dallas Mean Green as they won the National Amateur Cup.  On January 5, 1990, he signed with the Indiana Kick of the American Indoor Soccer Association.  In the fall of 1990, he signed with the Dallas Sidekicks of the Major Indoor Soccer League.  The Sidekicks released him at the end of the season.  In 1991, he joined the Dallas Rockets of the USISL where he played for two seasons.  In 1997, he played for the Arizona Sandsharks of the Continental Indoor Soccer League.

United States Interregional Soccer League
The United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) was a semi-professional men's outdoor soccer league that played six seasons from 1989 to 1994. It was the first outdoor league to be operated by the organization known today as the United Soccer League. Commencing play in 1989, it received Division 3 status from U.S. Soccer for its final season in 1994. It was split into the USISL Professional League and the amateur USISL Premier League in 1995. The Colorado Comets and Greensboro Dynamo were the most successful clubs in the league, winning two championships each.