hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Freedom to Display the American Flag Act of 2005
The Freedom to Display the American Flag Act of 2005 (Pub. L. 109–243 (text) (PDF), 120 Stat. 572, enacted July 24, 2006) is an Act of Congress that prohibits condominium associations, cooperative associations, and residential real estate management associations from restricting homeowners from displaying the flag of the United States on their property or property as to which they have a right to exclusive possession or use.

United States Statutes at Large
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress.

Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as "session law" publications. The United States Statutes at Large is the name of the session law publication for U.S. Federal statutes. The public laws and private laws are numbered and organized in chronological order.

U.S. Federal statutes are published in a three-part process, consisting of slip laws, session laws (Statutes at Large), and codification (United States Code).
2003 IndyCar Series
The 2003 IndyCar Series was the 92nd official championship season of American open-wheel racing and the 8th season under Indy Racing League sanction. Its showcase event was the 87th running of the Indianapolis 500, which was won by Team Penske driver Gil de Ferran for his first and only time. Sam Hornish Jr. entered the season as the back-to-back defending champion.

Gil de Ferran
Gil de Ferran (11 November 1967 – 29 December 2023) was a Brazilian professional racing driver and team owner. De Ferran was the 2000 and 2001 Champ Car champion driving for Team Penske and the winner of the 2003 Indianapolis 500. He also finished runner-up in the American Le Mans Series LMP1 class in 2009, with his own de Ferran Motorsports.
Gustave Choquet
Gustave Choquet (French: [ɡystav ʃɔkɛ]; 1 March 1915 – 14 November 2006) was a French mathematician.

Choquet was born in Solesmes, Nord. His contributions include work in functional analysis, potential theory, topology and measure theory. He is known for creating the Choquet theory, the Choquet integral and the theory of capacities.

He did postgraduate work at the École Normale Supérieure Paris where his advisor was Arnaud Denjoy. He was Professor at the University of Paris (subsequently Paris VI) from 1940 to 1984 and was also Professor at the École Polytechnique from 1960 to 1969. His honours and awards included being a Member of the Académie des Sciences, and an Officier of the Légion d’Honneur.

His students include Haïm Brezis, Gilles Godefroy, Nassif Ghoussoub, Michel L. Lapidus, and Michel Talagrand.

He was married to mathematician and mathematical physicist Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat, with whom he had a son Daniel and a daughter Geneviève. He died in Lyon in 2006.

Michel Talagrand
Michel Pierre Talagrand (French pronunciation: [miʃɛl pjɛʁ talaɡʁɑ̃]; born 15 February 1952) is a French mathematician working in probability theory, functional analysis and mathematical physics. Doctor of Science since 1977, he has been, since 1985, directeur de recherches at CNRS and a member of the  Functional Analysis Team of the Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu in Paris. Talagrand was also a faculty member at The Ohio State University for more than fifteen years. Talagrand was elected as correspondent of the Académie des sciences of Paris in March 1997, and then as a full member in November 2004, in the Mathematics section. In 2024, Talagrand received the Abel Prize.

Talagrand studies mainly functional analysis and probability theory and their applications.
Hamengkubuwono I
Hamengkubuwono I (Javanese script: ꦱꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦏꦸꦧꦸꦮꦤꦆ, Bahasa Jawa: Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I), born Raden Mas Sujana (Kartasura, 16 August 1717 – Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Sultanate 24 March 1792), was the first sultan of Yogyakarta. He reigned from 1755 to 1792. He has been elevated as a National Hero of Indonesia since 2006, because of his fight against the Dutch at that time and establishment of Yogyakarta.

Hamengkubuwono
Hamengkubuwono (Javanese: ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦮꦟ) is the current ruling royal house of the Yogyakarta Sultanate in the Special Region of Yogyakarta of Indonesia. The reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta is the hereditary Governor of the Special Region (Act No. 13 of 2012, article 18 paragraph 1c) with terms of 5 years (article 25 paragraph 1) without bounded by periodic provision (article 25 paragraph 2), as normally applied to such public office. The current Sultan is Hamengkubuwono X.
New Girl season 1
The first season of the American television sitcom New Girl premiered on Fox on September 20, 2011, and concluded on May 8, 2012, consisting of 24 episodes. Developed by Elizabeth Meriwether under the working title Chicks & Dicks, the series revolves around offbeat teacher Jess (Zooey Deschanel) after she moves into a Los Angeles loft with three single men, Nick (Jake Johnson), Schmidt (Max Greenfield), and Winston (Lamorne Morris). Jess's best friend Cece (Hannah Simone) also appears regularly. The show combines comedy and drama elements as the characters, who are around 30 years old, deal with relationships and career choices.

Max Greenfield
Max Greenfield (born September 4, 1979) is an American actor and author. He appeared in recurring roles in Veronica Mars and Ugly Betty. He co-starred as Schmidt in the Fox sitcom New Girl, for which he received nominations at the Primetime Emmy Awards, the Golden Globe Awards, and the Critics' Choice Television Awards. Since 2018, Greenfield has portrayed Dave Johnson in the CBS sitcom The Neighborhood.

He voiced Roger in the Ice Age franchise, and numerous characters in the shows Bob's Burgers, Robot Chicken and BoJack Horseman. He has also written the children's books I Don't Want to Read This Book, I Don't Want to Read This Book Aloud, This Book is Not a Present and Good Night Thoughts.
Brian Dinkelman
Brian Adam Dinkelman (born November 10, 1983) is an American former professional baseball second baseman who is the manager of the St. Paul Saints, the Triple-A minor-league affiliate of the Minnesota Twins. Dinkelman was drafted by the Minnesota Twins in the eighth round of the 2006 MLB draft, and made his MLB debut on June 4, 2011. He last played professional baseball in 2013, transitioning into coaching in the Twins organization.  He previously served as the manager for the Cedar Rapids Kernels, the High-A affiliate of the Twins and the Wichita Wind Surge, the Double-A affiliate of the Twins.

Cedar Rapids Kernels
The Cedar Rapids Kernels are a Minor League Baseball team of the Midwest League and the High-A affiliate of the Minnesota Twins. They are located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and play their home games at Veterans Memorial Stadium. They were founded in 1949 as the Cedar Rapids Rockets and originally played in the Central Association and the Three-I League. The Kernels are owned by Cedar Rapids Ball Club, Inc. (also known as Cedar Rapids Baseball Club, Inc.).
The Chamber (1996 film)
The Chamber is a 1996 American legal thriller film directed by James Foley. It is based on John Grisham's 1994 novel of the same name. The film stars Chris O'Donnell, Gene Hackman (who had previously appeared in another Grisham adaptation, The Firm), Faye Dunaway, Lela Rochon, Robert Prosky, Raymond J. Barry and David Marshall Grant.

The Firm (1993 film)
The Firm is a 1993 American legal thriller film directed by Sydney Pollack, and starring Tom Cruise, Jeanne Tripplehorn, Gene Hackman, Ed Harris, Holly Hunter, Hal Holbrook, David Strathairn and Gary Busey. The film is based on the 1991 novel of the same name by author John Grisham.

Released on June 30, 1993, the film was a major commercial success, grossing $270.2 million against a budget of $42 million, making it the highest-grossing film adapted from a Grisham novel, fifth highest-grossing and the highest-grossing R-rated film of 1993, and received generally positive reviews for the performances (particularly from Cruise and Hunter), although the screenplay received some criticism. Holly Hunter was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, while Dave Grusin was nominated for Best Original Score.
Grande Bibliothèque du Québec
The Grande Bibliothèque du Québec (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃d biblijɔtɛk dy kebɛk], GBQ) was a public corporation of the province of Quebec, Canada.  It came into existence in 1998 and merged with Bibliothèque nationale du Québec in 2002.  Its purpose was to plan the creation of the Grande Bibliothèque.

Grande Bibliothèque
The Grande Bibliothèque (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃d biblijɔtɛk]) is a public library in Downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Its collection is part of Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ), Quebec's national library.

Membership in the library is free to all residents of Quebec. It has some 10,000 users per day and a record of 3 million users in 2009—double the projected figure of 1.5 million for that year. In 2011, it attracted 2.7 million visitors, and was the most frequented public library in both North America and the Francophonie.
Godless (miniseries)
Godless is an American Western drama miniseries created, written and directed by Scott Frank. It stars Jack O'Connell, Michelle Dockery, Scoot McNairy, Merritt Wever, Thomas Brodie-Sangster, Tantoo Cardinal, Kim Coates, Sam Waterston, and Jeff Daniels. Set in 1884, a young outlaw on the run from his vengeful mentor winds up in a small New Mexico town populated almost entirely by women.

The series began production in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in September 2016, and was released on Netflix on November 22, 2017. The series received positive reviews, and was named one of the year's 10 best by The Washington Post and Vanity Fair.

Tantoo Cardinal
Tantoo Cardinal (born July 20, 1950) is a Canadian actress of Cree and Métis heritage. In 2009 she was made a member of the Order of Canada "for her contributions to the growth and development of Aboriginal performing arts in Canada, as a screen and stage actress, and as a founding member of the Saskatchewan Native Theatre Company."
Jenny Fulle
Jenny Fulle (born in San Francisco, California) is an American visual effects producer working in Hollywood. At the age of eleven, she gained prominence as the first girl admitted to play Little League baseball in the United States.

Visual effects
Visual effects (sometimes abbreviated as VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live-action shot in filmmaking and video production.
The integration of live-action footage and other live-action footage or computer-generated imagery (CGI) elements to create realistic imagery is called VFX.

VFX involves the integration of live-action footage (which may include in-camera special effects) and generated-imagery (digital or optics, animals or creatures) which look realistic, but would be dangerous, expensive, impractical, time-consuming or impossible to capture on film. Visual effects using CGI have more recently become accessible to the independent filmmaker with the introduction of affordable and relatively easy-to-use animation and compositing software.
Chinese word for crisis
In Western popular culture, the Chinese word for crisis (simplified Chinese: 危机; traditional Chinese: 危機; pinyin: wēijī, wéijī) is often incorrectly said to comprise two Chinese characters meaning 'danger' (wēi, 危) and 'opportunity' (jī, 机; 機). The second character is a component of the Chinese word for opportunity (jīhuì, 机会; 機會), but has multiple meanings, and in isolation means something more like 'change point' or inflection point. The mistaken etymology became a trope after it was used by John F. Kennedy in his presidential campaign speeches and has been widely repeated in business, education, politics and the press in the United States.

Literary device
In writing and speaking, a literary device, literary technique, rhetorical device, stylistic device, or trope is any deliberate strategy of using language that an author or orator employs to be more effective at achieving some purpose. This purpose may be: to focus or guide the audience's attention, to make the language or its content memorable, or to evoke a particular emotional, rational, aesthetic, or other response.

Literary devices are classifiable into sub-categories, such as narrative devices, poetic devices, argumentative devices, linguistic schemes or templates, or other techniques distinct to certain forms of language. They can be difficult to cleanly classify, however, as many are common across multiple such forms and can intersect under various categories, such as figures of speech.
Aure et Saint-Girons
The Aure et Saint-Girons or Casta is an endangered French breed of domestic cattle. The breed name derives from its two principal areas of origin, the Vallée d'Aure in the département of the Hautes-Pyrénées, and the area of Saint-Girons and the Couserans in the Ariège. The name "Casta" derives from its chestnut colour.

Couserans
Couserans (French pronunciation: [kuz(ə)ʁɑ̃]; Gascon: Coserans [kuzeˈɾas]) is a former county of France located in the Pyrenees mountains. Today Couserans makes up the western half of the Ariège département, around the towns of Saint-Girons and Saint-Lizier. A small part of Couserans is also in the extreme south of Haute-Garonne, just across the border from Ariège.

Couserans has a land area of 1,162 km² (449 sq. miles). At the 1999 census there were 21,260 inhabitants on the territory of the former province of Couserans, which means a density of only 18 inhabitants per km² (47 inhabitants per sq. mile), one of the lowest densities in western Europe. The only urban area is Saint-Girons (which includes Saint-Lizier), with 9,484 inhabitants in 1999 (44.6% of the whole population of Couserans).
Give Me the Reason (Luther Vandross album)
Give Me the Reason is the fifth studio album by American R&B/soul singer-songwriter Luther Vandross, released on September 26, 1986, by Epic Records. The album earned Vandross an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Male Artist and a nomination for "Favorite Soul/R&B Album" in 1988, while the title track was nominated for Best R&B Song and Best R&B Vocal Performance, Male at the 29th Grammy Awards.

The album also includes Vandross' first Billboard top-20 pop hit, "Stop to Love." It also marked a svelte, thinner Vandross due to a weight loss earlier in the year. The album went on to sell over 2 million copies in the United States and was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In addition to the title track and "Stop to Love," the album features three other hit singles: "So Amazing", "There's Nothing Better Than Love" (duet with Gregory Hines), and "I Really Didn't Mean It."

Gregory Hines
Gregory Oliver Hines (February 14, 1946 – August 9, 2003) was an American dancer, actor, choreographer, and singer. He is one of the most celebrated tap dancers of all time. As an actor, he is best known for History of the World, Part I (1981), Wolfen (1981), The Cotton Club (1984), White Nights (1985), Running Scared (1986), A Rage in Harlem (1991), The Gregory Hines Show (1997–1998), playing Ben on Will & Grace (1999–2000), and for voicing Big Bill on the Nick Jr. animated children's television program Little Bill (1999–2004).

Hines starred in more than 40 films and also appeared on Broadway. He received many accolades, including a Daytime Emmy Award, a Drama Desk Award, and a Tony Award, as well as nominations for a Screen Actors Guild Award and four Primetime Emmy Awards.
Michael Miller (footballer)
Michael Miller (born 31 December 1994) is a Scottish footballer who last played as a defender or defensive midfielder for Scottish League Two  club Dumbarton. Miller was in the Celtic youth system and has since played for Dumbarton, Brechin City, Livingston, Greenock Morton, Raith Rovers, Ayr United, Stenhousemuir and Broomhill.

Miller played for Scotland at under-18, under-19 and under-20 levels.

Dumbarton F.C.
Dumbarton Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Dumbarton, Scotland. Founded on 23 December 1872, they are one of the oldest football clubs in Scotland.

The club plays home games at the Dumbarton Football Stadium next to Dumbarton Castle. They currently play in Scottish League Two.
Mistaya River
The Mistaya River is a short river in western Alberta, Canada. It flows through Banff National Park in the Canadian Rockies, and a section of the Icefields Parkway was built along its course.

Mistaya River originates in Peyto Lake, a glacial lake of typical blue colour (due to rock flour). Mistaya flows north-west, receiving the waters of creeks such as Delta, Silverhorn, Cirque, Noyes, Chephren, Totem, Epaulette, Bison, Kaufmann and Sarbach. A series of elongated lakes are formed along the river: Mistaya Lake and Waterfowl Lakes.

Mistaya merges into the North Saskatchewan River at the Saskatchewan River Crossing.

From its headwaters of Peyto Creek, Mistaya River has a total length of 38 km.

The origin of the name is from the Cree language: ᒥᐢᑕᐦᐊᔭ (mistahaya) means 'grizzly bear'.

North Saskatchewan River
The North Saskatchewan River is a glacier-fed river that flows from the Canadian Rockies continental divide east to central Saskatchewan, where it joins with the South Saskatchewan River to make up the Saskatchewan River. Its water flows into the Hudson Bay via Lake Winnipeg and the Nelson River.

The Saskatchewan River system is the largest shared between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its watershed includes most of southern and central Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Big Mouth season 6
The sixth season of Big Mouth, an American adult animated coming-of-age sitcom created by Andrew Goldberg, Nick Kroll, Mark Levin, and Jennifer Flackett, was released on Netflix on October 28, 2022. The series centers on teens based on Kroll and Goldberg's upbringing in suburban New York, with Kroll voicing his fictional younger self. Big Mouth explores puberty while  "embrac[ing] a frankness about the human body and sex."

Nick Kroll
Nicholas Kroll (born June 5, 1978) is an American actor, comedian, writer, and producer. He is known for the FX comedy series The League (2009–2015), creating and starring in the Comedy Central series Kroll Show (2013–2015), and starring in and co-creating the animated Netflix series Big Mouth (2017–2025) and Human Resources (2022–2023) and the Hulu sketch comedy series History of the World, Part II (2023).

He has also acted or voice-acted in films such as I Love You, Man (2009), Get Him to the Greek (2010), Adult Beginners (2014), Vacation (2015), Sausage Party and Sing (both 2016), Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie (2017), The House (2017), The Secret Life of Pets 2 (2019), Sing 2 and How It Ends (both 2021), The Bob's Burgers Movie (2022), First Time Female Director (2023), Red One (2024) and Smurfs (2025).
Monolith Inc.
Monolith Inc. (formerly Boxer Industries) is an American chemical and materials producer based in Lincoln, Nebraska. The company is known for being the first company to use methane pyrolysis to split natural gas into carbon and hydrogen gas on a commercial scale. The carbon resulting from the process is converted into carbon black. The company is building a plant where the hydrogen gas from the process will be converted to anhydrous ammonia. Monolith was founded by Robert Hanson and Pete Johnson in 2012, in Redwood City, California.

Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis (/paɪˈrɒlɪsɪs/; from Ancient Greek  πῦρ (pûr) 'fire' and  λύσις (lúsis) 'separation') is a process involving the separation of covalent bonds in organic matter by thermal decomposition within an inert environment without oxygen.
Family Circle
Family Circle was an American women's magazine that covered topics such as homemaking, recipes and health. It was published from 1932 until the end of 2019. Originally distributed at supermarkets, it was one of the "Seven Sisters," a group of seven traditional female-oriented magazines centered on household issues, along with Ladies' Home Journal, McCall's, Good Housekeeping, Better Homes and Gardens, Woman's Day and Redbook.

Good Housekeeping
Good Housekeeping is an American lifestyle media brand that covers a wide range of topics from home decor and renovation, health, beauty and food, to entertainment, pets and gifts. The Good Housekeeping Institute which opened its "Experiment Station" in 1900, specializes in product reviews by a staff of scientific experts. The GH Institute is known, in part, for the "Good Housekeeping Seal", a limited warranty program that evaluates products to ensure they perform as intended.

Good Housekeeping was founded in 1885 by American publisher and poet Clark W. Bryan. By the time of its acquisition by the Hearst Corporation in 1911, the magazine had grown to a circulation of 300,000 subscribers. By the early 1960s, it had over five million subscribers and was one of the world's most popular lifestyle magazines.
Luke Blakely
Luke George-Blakely (born 13 July 1988) is an English-born Antiguan international footballer who played for Antigua Barracuda FC in the USL Professional Division. Blakely started his youth career playing for Highfield Rangers in his hometown of Leicester, England. In 2007, he relocated to the U.S. to play college soccer for Marshalltown Community College in the NJCAA.

National Junior College Athletic Association
The National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA or JUCO) is the governing association of community college, state college, and junior college athletics throughout the United States. Currently, the NJCAA holds 24 separate regions across 24 states, and it is divided into three divisions.
Sreekumaran Thampi
Sreekumaran Thampi (born 16 March 1940) is an Indian lyricist, music director, director, producer and screenwriter in Malayalam cinema. He also writes poetry and is a recipient of the Vallathol Award. In 2017, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.

Vallathol Award
Vallathol Award is a literary award given by the Vallathol Sahithya Samithi for contribution to Malayalam literature. The award was instituted in 1991 in memory of Vallathol Narayana Menon, one of the modern triumvirate poets (Adhunika kavithrayam) of Malayalam poetry. The prize includes a cash prize of ₹ 1,11,111 and a plaque.
Philip, Count of Egmont
Philip, Count of Egmont (1558 – Ivry 14 March 1590) was the fifth Count of Egmont, prince of Gavere and 12th and last Lord of Purmerend, Purmerland and Ilpendam.

He was the eldest son and successor of Lamoral, Count of Egmont, who was beheaded by the Spanish in 1568 in Brussels.

William of Orange was his guardian, and the first years of his military career, Philip fought in the army of the Dutch rebels. He was present in the lost Battle of Gembloux in 1578. 
But in 1579, Philip broke off all contact with William of Orange and offered his services to King Philip II of Spain, for whom he reconquered several cities. For this he was made a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece.
He was killed in 1590 in the Battle of Ivry against the new King Henry IV of France.

Philip had married on 27 September 1579 with Marie of Horne. They had no children. He was succeeded by his younger brother Lamoral.

Lamoral, Count of Egmont
Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Prince of Gavere (18 November 1522 – 5 June 1568) was a general and statesman in the Spanish Netherlands just before the start of the Eighty Years' War, whose execution helped spark the national uprising that eventually led to the independence of the Netherlands.