hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
High-frequency approximation
A high-frequency approximation (or "high energy approximation") for scattering or other wave propagation problems, in physics or engineering, is an approximation whose accuracy increases with the size of features on the scatterer or medium relative to the wavelength of the scattered particles.

Classical mechanics and geometric optics are the most common and extreme high frequency approximation, where the wave or field properties of, respectively, quantum mechanics and electromagnetism are neglected entirely.

Less extreme approximations include, the WKB approximation, physical optics, the geometric theory of diffraction, the uniform theory of diffraction, and the physical theory of diffraction. When these are used to approximate quantum mechanics, they are called semiclassical approximations.

Uniform theory of diffraction
In numerical analysis, the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) is a high-frequency method for solving electromagnetic scattering problems from electrically small discontinuities or discontinuities in more than one dimension at the same point. UTD is an extension of Joseph Keller's geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) and was introduced by Robert Kouyoumjian and Prabhakar Pathak in 1974.

The uniform theory of diffraction approximates near field electromagnetic fields as quasi optical and uses knife-edge diffraction to determine diffraction coefficients for each diffracting object-source combination. These coefficients are then used to calculate the field strength and phase for each direction away from the diffracting point. These fields are then added to the incident fields and reflected fields to obtain a total solution.
Prince August of Württemberg
Friedrich August Eberhard, Prince of Württemberg (German: Friedrich August Eberhard Prinz von Württemberg; 24 January 1813 in Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg – 12 January 1885 in Ban de Teuffer, Zehdenick, Province of Brandenburg, Kingdom of Prussia) was a royal Prussian Colonel General of the Cavalry with the rank of Generalfeldmarschall and Kommandierender General of the Guards Corps for more than 20 years. August was a member of the House of Württemberg and a Prince of Württemberg by birth.

Zehdenick
Zehdenick (German pronunciation: [ˈtseːdənɪk] ⓘ) is a town in the Oberhavel district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated on the river Havel, 26 kilometres (16 miles) southeast of Fürstenberg/Havel, and 51 kilometres (32 miles) north of Berlin (centre). Since 31 July 2013, the city has the additional appellation "Havelstadt".
Otherness (Alexisonfire album)
Otherness is the fifth studio album by Canadian post-hardcore band Alexisonfire. The album was released on June 24, 2022, thirteen years after the release of their last full-length album, Old Crows / Young Cardinals. It is also their first album since reuniting in 2015. The album takes its name from the first single from the album released, "Sweet Dreams of Otherness", which premiered on YouTube on March 10, 2022. It peaked at No. 4 on the Canadian albums chart.

The album won the Juno Award for Rock Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2023.

Old Crows / Young Cardinals
Old Crows / Young Cardinals is the fourth studio album from Canadian post-hardcore band Alexisonfire, released on June 23, 2009. The album was originally referred to by the shortened title of Young Cardinals, until the name change was announced on April 1, 2009.
Pharmacies of Norway
Pharmacies of Norway are dominated by the three large companies Alliance Boots, Apokjeden and Norsk Medisinaldepot. In total there are 606 pharmacies, of which only 16 do not belong to the four dominant chains Apotek 1, Vitusapotek, Boots apotek and Ditt Apotek. 33 pharmacies are state owned as pharmaceutical trusts.

Norsk Medisinaldepot
Norsk Medisinaldepot AS is a pharmaceutics and healthcare products wholesaler in Norway. It also operates the pharmacy chains Vitusapotek and the franchise chain Ditt Apotek. NMD is part of the McKesson Corporation and has approximately 300 pharmacies in Norway. The company is based in Oslo.
HMS Royal Katherine
HMS Royal Katherine (HMS Ramillies after 1706) was an 84-gun full-rigged second-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched in 1664 at Woolwich Dockyard.  Her launching was conducted by Charles II and attended by Samuel Pepys.  Royal Katherine fought in both the Second and Third Anglo-Dutch Wars and afterwards, the War of the Grand Alliance before entering the dockyard at Portsmouth for rebuilding in 1702. 
In this rebuilding, she was upgraded to carry more guns, 90 in total, and served in the War of the Spanish Succession during which she was renamed Ramillies in honour of John Churchill's victory at the Battle of Ramillies.  She was rebuilt again in the 1740s before serving as the flagship of the ill-fated Admiral John Byng in the Seven Years' War.  Ramillies was wrecked at Bolt Tail near Hope Cove on 15 February 1760.

Samuel Pepys
Samuel Pepys FRS (/ˈpiːps/ PEEPS; 23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703) was an English writer and Tory politician. He served as an official in the Navy Board and Member of Parliament, but is most remembered today for the diary he kept for almost a decade. Though he had no maritime experience, Pepys rose to be the Chief Secretary to the Admiralty under both Charles II and James II through patronage, diligence, and his talent for administration. His influence and reforms at the English Admiralty were important in the early professionalisation of the Royal Navy.

The detailed private diary that Pepys kept from 1660 until 1669 was first published in the 19th century and is one of the most important primary sources of the Stuart Restoration. It provides a combination of personal revelation and eyewitness accounts of great events, such as the Great Plague of London, the Second Anglo-Dutch War and the Great Fire of London.
The Adventures of Tintin (soundtrack)
Music from the Motion Picture: The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn is the soundtrack for the 2011 animated action/adventure film The Adventures of Tintin directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, based on Belgian cartoonist Hergé's comic book series The Adventures of Tintin. The film score is composed and conducted by John Williams, which is the first time he had composed and conducted the score of a film since Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)  as well as his first score for an animated film. The score was released on 21 October 2011 by Sony Classical Records. Williams received a nomination for Best Original Score at the 84th Academy Awards for his work in the film.

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (soundtrack)
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the film score to the 2008 film of the same name, composed and conducted by John Williams and performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony, with orchestrations provided by Conrad Pope and Eddie Karam. The soundtrack album was released by Concord Records on May 20, 2008.
Poplar Bluff Tigers
The Poplar Bluff Tigers were a minor league baseball team based Poplar Bluff, Missouri. In 1908, the Tigers played briefly as members of the Class D level Arkansas State League. During the 1908 season, Poplar Bluff relocated to Brinkley, Arkansas and became the Brinkley Infants for the remainder of the season. The Tigers hosted minor league home games at Sportsman's Park. The combined Poplar Bluff/Brinkley team finished last in the Arkansas State League standings.

Brinkley, Arkansas
Brinkley is the most populous city in Monroe County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,700, down from 3,188 in 2010.

Located within the Arkansas Delta, Brinkley was founded as a railroad town in 1872. The city has historically been a transportation and agricultural center in the region, more recently developing a reputation for outdoors recreation and the ivory-billed woodpecker. Birding has become important to the city and region following the purported discovery of the ivory-billed woodpecker in 2004, a species thought to be extinct 60 years earlier.

Located halfway between Little Rock and Memphis, the city has used the slogan "We'll Meet You Half-Way" in some of its advertising campaigns.
West Melton
West Melton is a former mining village in the Rotherham district, in South Yorkshire, England. It lies between Wath upon Dearne and Brampton Bierlow, roughly 5 miles north of Rotherham and 5 miles south-east of Barnsley.
It contains several churches, among them are West Melton United Reformed Church and Princess Street Methodist Church. Until 1974 it was in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

Brampton Bierlow
Brampton Bierlow, near Barnsley, often known as Brampton, is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the south side of the Dearne Valley, between Barnsley and Rotherham.
Beloslav Peak
Beloslav Peak (Bulgarian: връх Белослав, romanized: vrah Beloslav, IPA: [ˈvrɤɣ bɛɫoˈsɫaf]) is the peak rising to 2016 m in Doyran Heights, southeast Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, and surmounting Guerrero Glacier to the southwest and Sikera Valley to the east.

The peak is named after the town of Beloslav in Northeastern Bulgaria.

Doyran Heights
Doyran Heights (Bulgarian: Дойрански възвишения, romanized: Doyranski Vazvisheniya, IPA: [ˈdɔjrɐnski vɐzviˈʃɛnijɐ]) are the heights rising to 3473 m at Mount Tuck in the east foothills of Vinson Massif and Craddock Massif in Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, extending 30.8 km in north–south direction and 16.5 km in east–west direction.  They are bounded by Thomas Glacier to the south and southwest, Dater Glacier and Hansen Glacier to the northwest and north, and Sikera Valley to the east, linked to Craddock Massif to the west by Goreme Col, and separated from Veregava Ridge to the north by Manole Pass and from Flowers Hills to the northeast by Kostinbrod Pass. Their interior is drained by Guerrero, Hough, Remington and Obelya Glaciers.

The heights are named after the settlements of Doyrantsi in Northeastern and Southern Bulgaria.
Cerro Morado
22°51′S 66°43′W﻿ / ﻿22.850°S 66.717°W﻿ / -22.850; -66.717
Cerro Morado is a monogenetic volcanic field, in Argentina. It is part of a group of mafic volcanic centres in the Altiplano-Puna region, which is dominated by silicic rocks such as dacitic - rhyolitic rocks.

The field was formed during eruptions 6.4 million years ago which probably lasted from half a year to several years. These eruptions formed scoria cones and a plateau of lava flows.

Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep, conical landform of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, clinkers, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent. The pyroclastic fragments are formed by explosive eruptions or tall lava fountains from a single, typically cylindrical, vent.

As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as either scoria which is also referred to cinder and clinker around the vent to form a cone that is often symmetrical, with slopes between 30° and 40° and a nearly circular base. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.
Chrysler (brand)
Chrysler is an American brand of automobiles and division owned by Stellantis North America. The automaker was founded in 1925 by Walter Chrysler from the remains of the Maxwell Motor Company. The brand primarily focused on building luxury vehicles as the broader Chrysler Corporation expanded, following a strategy of brand diversification and hierarchy largely adopted from General Motors.

The brand has been historically popular. However starting in the late 2010s, the brand has been overshadowed by other brands owned by Stellantis yet continues to have a large loyalty following among car enthusiasts. As of model year 2026, the company's production vehicle lineup solely consists of the Pacifica and Voyager minivans, although there are currently plans by Stellantis to revive the brand, as seen with the Chrysler Airflow concept, due to its heritage and continued popularity.

Walter Chrysler
Walter Percy Chrysler (April 2, 1875 – August 18, 1940) was an American industrial pioneer in the automotive industry, automotive industry executive, and the founder and namesake of American Chrysler Corporation.
Rambakan Oya Dam
The Rambakan Oya Dam is an embankment dam in Maha Oya, Eastern Province, Sri Lanka. The reservoir was designed and constructed by the Sri Lanka Mahaveli Authority and currently functions under the direction of the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Management. It has been created by building an Earthen dam which is about 1,225m in length across the Mundeni Aru river.

The Rambakan Oya reservoir project is a multipurpose irrigation project which is commissioned to find a solution for the drinking water issue and irrigation problems in the area. It is the 10th zone of Mahaweli Development scheme and located bordering Badulla, Monaragala and Ampara districts.

Embankment dam
An embankment dam is a large artificial dam. It is typically created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil or rock. It has a water-resistant natural covering for its surface, and may feature a dense, watertight core to resist surface or seepage erosion. Such a dam is composed of fragmented independent material particles. The friction and interaction of particles binds the particles together into a stable mass rather than by the use of a cementing substance.
Walter Hay
Walter McGibbon Hay (born 1901) was a Scottish footballer who played as a right back, primarily for St Mirren. He played a part in the run to the Paisley club's Scottish Cup victory in 1926, but did not take part in the final, with Andrew Findlay preferred. Hay was an established part of the team by the time the Buddies reached another final in 1934, but this time they lost 5–0 to Rangers. The following season he signed for Rangers, but was only a reserve to the almost-ever present Dougie Gray and Whitey McDonald (1 league appearance) so was not entitled to a medal from their 1934–35 Scottish Division One title win, nor was he involved in their Scottish Cup final victory of that year, although he played for the Gers in the competition's First Round.

Hay was selected once for the Scottish Football League XI in 1932.

Whitey McDonald
Robert Logan "Whitey" McDonald (11 August 1902 – 7 June 1956) was an association football (soccer) player who earned two caps for Ireland. He began his professional career in Canada, spent four seasons in the American Soccer League, then finished it in Scotland with Rangers.
Stoopid Burger
Stoopid Burger is a restaurant in Portland, Oregon, United States. The business started as a food cart in 2014. It operated in a brick and mortar space from 2017 to 2020. Following a closure, Stoopid Burger re-opened in the Lloyd Center in the city's Lloyd District in 2025.

Lloyd Center
Lloyd Center is a shopping mall in the Lloyd District of Portland, Oregon, United States, just northeast of downtown, that opened in 1960.  It is owned by the Urban Renaissance Group and KKR Real Estate Finance Trust Inc.  The mall features three floors of shopping, with the third level serving mostly as professional office spaces, a food court, and U.S. Education Corporation's Carrington College. Lloyd Center also includes the Lloyd Center Ice Skating Rink, which has become the main draw for the mall. There are currently no anchors in the mall. There are vacant anchor spaces left by Macy's, Marshalls, Nordstrom, and Sears. Junior anchors include Barnes & Noble. The paved lots built as part of the mall comprise 8,000 parking spaces.

The mall is slated to permanently close by end of 2026.
Consumed by Fire
Consumed by Fire are an American contemporary Christian music brother trio from Wagoner, Oklahoma. They started making music in 2010, with their first album, Something Real, that was independently released. Their second release, Lean on Me, an extended play, released in 2015, with Inpop Records. The songs, "Walk Through the Fire" and "Lean on Me", both charted on the Billboard magazine charts.  The band's latest single, "First Things First" is their debut release after signing with Red Street Records.

Wagoner, Oklahoma
Wagoner is a city in Wagoner County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2020 census, Wagoner had a population of 7,621. It is the county seat of Wagoner County. Wagoner became the first city incorporated in Indian Territory on January 4, 1896.
Valentina Zenere
Valentina Zenere  (born 15 January 1997) is an Argentine actress, model and singer, known for her portrayal of Ámbar Smith on the Disney Channel series Soy Luna and on Juacas, where she appeared as the same character. She has also played Alai Inchausti on the Argentine telenovela Casi Ángeles. From 2022 to 2024, she portrayed Isadora Artiñán Goldstein on the Netflix series Elite.

Juacas
Juacas is a Brazilian television series created by Carina Schulze and produced by Chatrone and Cinefilm and broadcast by Disney Channel Brazil. It is the second original national series produced by Disney Channel in Brazil, after Que Talento!. The story combines comedy, action, and romance. The series premiered on July 3, 2017 in Latin America and Italy, through closed channels on Disney Channel and Disney XD. The series was shown from October 21, 2017 to January 14, 2018, in the children's programming block Mundo Disney, on SBT. In Portugal, it debuted on May 14, 2018 through the closed channel SIC K. Shortly after the end of the series, it was made available on the service of Claro and Net, Now. On August 4, 2018, the series was made available on Netflix.
Kim Genelle
Kim Genelle is an American actress and fashion model.

Genelle was primarily a fashion model during the 1970s and 1980s. She made her acting debut in the television series, Hart to Hart, as a hostess in 1979. On the movie screens, she best known for her roles in Planes, Trains & Automobiles (1987), Nothing in Common (1986) and Hollywood Shuffle (1987). From 1988, commercials & precision driving have been her focus. However, in 2013 she returned to acting, with an appearance on Criminal Minds.

Hart to Hart
Hart to Hart is an American mystery television series that premiered on August 25, 1979, on ABC. The show stars Robert Wagner and Stefanie Powers as Jonathan and Jennifer Hart, respectively, a wealthy couple who lead a glamorous jetset lifestyle and regularly find themselves working as unpaid detectives in order to solve crimes in which they become embroiled. The series was created by novelist and television writer Sidney Sheldon. The series ended after five seasons on May 22, 1984, but was followed by eight made-for-television movies, which ran from 1993 to 1996.
A Vida É Bela (Lalaiá)
"A Vida É Bela (Lalaiá)" (Portuguese for "Life Is Beautiful [Lalaiá]") is a single by the Brazilian band Metrô. It was released digitally through music streaming services on October 14, 2016, and is the second single made available for an intended fourth studio album, after "Dando Voltas no Mundo", released the year before.

The song's lyrics were written by Rubinho Jacobina, brother of musician Nélson Jacobina (who collaborated with Metrô in 2002, on their album Déjà-Vu), and the music was composed by the band's vocalist, Virginie Boutaud.

Virginie Boutaud
Virginie Adèle Lydie Boutaud-Manent (née Boutaud; born February 27, 1963), also known mononymously as Virginie, is a French Brazilian singer, songwriter, classical guitarist, and former model and actress, famous for being the vocalist of the new wave bands Metrô and Virginie & Fruto Proibido.
Pensacola FC
Pensacola FC is an American professional soccer team based in Pensacola, Florida the men's side competes in the National Premier Soccer League and the women's side competes in the Women's Premier Soccer League. It formerly played in the Gulf Coast Premier League.

Gulf Coast Premier League
The Gulf Coast Premier League (GCPL) is a United States Adult Soccer Association affiliated Amateur Elite League that includes teams from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. The regular season of the GCPL runs May through July. On August 13, 2020, it was announced that the GCPL would be the first "amateur league affiliation" of the National Independent Soccer Association after Gaffa FC and Louisiana Krewe FC competed in the NISA 2020 Independent Cup.
Salon of 1847
The Salon of 1847 was an art exhibition held at the Louvre in Paris between 1 May and 15 August 1847. Organised by the Académie des Beaux-Arts, it took place in the Louvre's Salon Carré and Grande Galerie. One of the exhibited paintings  Four O'Clock at the Salon by François-Auguste Biard, specifically displays the Grande Galerie at closing time during the Salon.  
 Horace Vernet presented his Louis Philippe and His Sons ,commissioned for the Palace of Versailles. Thomas Couture enjoyed great success with his history painting The Romans in their Decadence.

Amongst other works on display were the biblical scene Judith at the Gates of Bethulia by Jules-Claude Ziegler and The Cock Fight by Jean-Léon Gérôme. The sculptor Auguste Clésinger displayed the marble Woman Bitten by a Serpent

Stylistically Romanticism remained prominent. 
The Salon was held towards the end of the July Monarchy before the overthrow of Louis Philippe I in the French Revolution of 1848.

Jules-Claude Ziegler
Jules-Claude Ziegler (1804-1856) was a French painter, ceramicist and photographer of the French school.

Ziegler was born in 1804 in Langres, Haute-Marne. He was appointed knight of the Légion d'Honneur in 1825. He was the pupil of Dominique Ingres and began to participate exhibitions at the Salon in 1832.

The half-dome above the altar in the Église de la Madeleine is frescoed by Jules-Claude Ziegler.
Nettie (name)
Nettie is a feminine given name that is a diminutive form of Annette, Jeanette, Lynnette  and Antonia. Its popularity in the United States has continually declined since its peak in the 1910s and 1920s. Notable people with this name include:

Antonia (name)
Antonia, Antónia, Antônia, or Antonía is a feminine given name and a surname. It is of Roman origin, used as the name of women of the Antonius family. Its meaning is "priceless", "praiseworthy" and "beautiful". Antonia is a Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, and Maltese name used in many parts of the world.

Antonia is a Spanish, Italian, Polish and Maltese feminine form of Anton/Antonio used in Italy, Spain, Malta, Switzerland, Argentina and other countries. Antónia (European Portuguese) and Antônia (Brazilian Portuguese) are Portuguese variants of António/Antônio. Antonía is an Icelandic feminine form of Antonie used in Iceland. In Greek, Antonia (Greek: Αντωνία) is the feminine form of Antonios (Αντώνιος) and Antonis (Αντώνης), used mainly in Greece and Cyprus.
Vystrel Mountain
Vystrel Mountain (71°37′S 15°4′E﻿ / ﻿71.617°S 15.067°E﻿ / -71.617; 15.067) is a partly snow-covered mountain, 1,995 m, standing 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) south of Mount Rukhin at the south end of the Lomonosov Mountains in Queen Maud Land. Discovered and first plotted from air photos by German Antarctic Expedition, 1938–39. Mapped from air photos by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1958–59; remapped by Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1960–61, and named Gora Vystrel (shot mountain).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Vystrel Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Mount Rukhin
Mount Rukhin (71°35′S 15°7′E﻿ / ﻿71.583°S 15.117°E﻿ / -71.583; 15.117) is a small mountain with a height of 1,740 m, standing 9 nautical miles (17 km) southwest of Ekho Mountain in the Lomonosov Mountains, Queen Maud Land. It was mapped from air photos by Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in 1958 and 1959, and the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1960 and 1961. It was named after L.B. Rukhin, professor at Leningrad State University, who died in 1959.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Rukhin". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.