hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muscular branches of ulnar nerve
The muscular branches of ulnar nerve are a variety of branches of the ulnar nerve. One supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (a superficial muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm), while the other supplies the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle (a deep muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm).

Anterior compartment of the forearm
The anterior compartment of the forearm (or flexor compartment) contains the following muscles:

The muscles are largely involved with flexion and supination. The superficial muscles have their origin on the common flexor tendon. The ulnar nerve and artery are also contained within this compartment. The flexor digitorum superficialis lies in between the other four muscles of the superficial group and the three muscles of the deep group. This is why it is also classified as the intermediate group.
London Calling (film)
London Calling is a 2025 American action comedy film directed by Allan Ungar and written by Omer Levin Menekse, Quinn Wolfe and Ungar. It stars Josh Duhamel, Jeremy Ray Taylor, Rick Hoffman, and Aidan Gillen.

Aidan Gillen
Aidan Murphy (born 24 April 1968), known professionally as Aidan Gillen (/ˈɡɪlən/), is an Irish actor. He is the recipient of three Irish Film & Television Awards and has been nominated for a British Academy Television Award, a British Independent Film Award, a Tony Award, and a Drama Desk Award.

Gillen is known to television audiences for his roles as Stuart Alan Jones in Queer as Folk (1999–2000); Tommy Carcetti in The Wire (2004–2008); John Boy in  Love/Hate (2010–2011); Petyr "Littlefinger" Baelish in Game of Thrones (2011–2017); Aberama Gold in Peaky Blinders (2017–2019); Milo Sunter in Mayor of Kingstown (2021–2024); and Frank Kinsella in Kin (2021–2023).

His film roles include Lord Nelson Rathbone in Shanghai Knights (2003), a CIA operative in The Dark Knight Rises (2012), Dr. Frank Harte in Calvary (2014), Janson in Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (2015) and Maze Runner: The Death Cure (2018), Robert in Sing Street (2016), and John Reid in Bohemian Rhapsody (2018).
Sod shock tube
The Sod shock tube problem, named after Gary A. Sod, is a common test for the accuracy of computational fluid codes, like Riemann solvers,  and was heavily investigated by Sod in 1978.
The test consists of a one-dimensional Riemann problem with the following parameters, for left and right states of an ideal gas.

,

where

is the density
  is the pressure
 is the velocity

The time evolution of this problem can be described by solving the Euler equations,
which leads to three characteristics, describing the propagation speed of the
various regions of the system. Namely the rarefaction wave, the contact discontinuity and
the shock discontinuity.
If this is solved numerically, one can test against the analytical solution,
and get information how well a code captures and resolves shocks and contact discontinuities
and reproduce the correct density profile of the rarefaction wave.

Riemann problem
A Riemann problem, named after Bernhard Riemann, is a specific initial value problem composed of a  conservation equation together with piecewise constant initial data which has a single discontinuity in the domain of interest. The Riemann problem is very useful for the understanding of equations like Euler conservation equations because all properties, such as shocks and rarefaction waves, appear as characteristics in the solution. It also gives an exact solution to some complex nonlinear equations, such as the Euler equations.

In numerical analysis, Riemann problems appear in a natural way in finite volume methods for the solution of conservation law equations due to the discreteness of the grid. For that it is widely used in computational fluid dynamics and in computational magnetohydrodynamics simulations. In these fields, Riemann problems are calculated using Riemann solvers.
University College Opera
University College Opera, or UCOpera, is the student opera company of University College London. The operas are staged by professional singers, directors and designers, with the orchestra, chorus and some singers drawn from the student body. Founded in 1951, UCOpera is renowned for its productions of under-performed operas, which include the stagings of 3 world premières and 23 British premières to date.  On 10 March 2008, UCOpera staged the UK première of Édouard Lalo's Fiesque, at the Bloomsbury Theatre. 2009 saw another British première, Ernest Bloch's Macbeth. UCOpera extended its list of British premières by staging Gounod's Polyeucte at Theatre Royal Stratford East in 2018, Smetana's Czech national opera Libuše in 2019, and Robert Ward's The Crucible in 2024. In 2025, UCOpera held the European première of Gregory Spears' Fellow Travelers.

Robert Ward (composer)
Robert Eugene Ward (September 13, 1917 – April 3, 2013) was an American composer who is best remembered for his opera The Crucible (1961) after the 1953 play of the same name by Arthur Miller. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music for that opera in 1962.
What's Wrong with Bill?
What's Wrong with Bill? is the debut studio album by American rapper and record producer Ill Bill. It was released on March 2, 2004, by Psycho+Logical-Records. Recording sessions took place at Powerhouse Studios in New York. Production was handled by Ill Bill himself with his brother Necro, who also served as executive producer. It features guest appearances from Necro, Goretex, Mr. Hyde, Q-Unique, Sabac Red and Uncle Howie.

Sabac Red
John Fuentes (born February 7, 1977), professionally known by his stage name SaBac Red (or simply Sabac), is an American rapper and audio engineer from New York City. He is a member of hip hop quartet Non Phixion and the "on hold" supergroup Secret Society.
LB&SCR B4 class
The B4 class were 4-4-0 steam locomotives built for express passenger work on the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway. They were designed by R. J. Billinton and were built at Brighton works 1899–1902 and Messrs Sharp, Stewart and Company in 1901. Twelve members of the class were rebuilt from 1922 to 1924 by L. B. Billinton with a larger boiler, cylinders and a superheater. The rebuilt locomotives were classified B4X.

Superheater
A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is used in steam turbines for electricity generation, in some steam engines, and in processes such as steam reforming. There are three types of superheaters: radiant, convection, and separately fired. A superheater can vary in size from a few tens of feet to several hundred feet (a few metres to some hundred metres).
Giants (web series)
Giants is an American web series created by James Bland and starring Bland, Sean Samuels, and Vanessa Baiden as the lead characters. The series premiered on Issa Rae's YouTube channel on January 25, 2017. A second season premiered on the same channel in 2018. Both seasons were financed by crowdfunding campaigns on Indiegogo. It has since been acquired and released for streaming on BET+.

The series has won numerous accolades, including two Daytime Emmy Awards, a Streamy Award, and multiple Indie Series Awards. The series received praise from the media for its depiction of mental illness in the African American community.

Indiegogo
Indiegogo (/ˌɪndiˈɡoʊɡoʊ/) is an American crowdfunding website founded in 2008 by Danae Ringelmann, Slava Rubin, and Eric Schell. Its headquarters are in San Francisco, California. Indegogo is one of the first sites to offer crowd funding. Users can solicit funds for an idea, charity, or start-up business. It charges a 5% fee on contributions  in addition to Stripe credit card processing charges of 2,9% + $0.30 per transaction. Fifteen million people visit the site each month.

The site runs on a rewards-based system, meaning donors, investors, or customers who are willing to help to fund a project or product can donate and receive a gift, rather than an equity stake in the company. Following changes in Security and Exchange Commission rules earlier in 2016, Indiegogo has partnered with MicroVentures to offer equity-based campaigns beginning in November 2016, allowing unaccredited investors to participate with equity stakes.
Roy Wagelein
Roy Charles Wagelein (October 19, 1943 – June 24, 2008) was an American pair skater. He was the 1967 North American silver medalist with Susan Behrens and competed with Sandi Sweitzer at the 1968 Winter Olympics, finishing 7th.

Figure skating at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Figure skating at the 1968 Winter Olympics was held at Le Stade Olympique de Glace in Grenoble, France. Ice dance, then known as "rhythmic skating," was a demonstration event and was won by the team of Diane Towler and Bernard Ford of Great Britain. It became a medal event eight years later in 1976 Innsbruck.

American figure skater Peggy Fleming built up a huge lead after the compulsory figures and won the first-place votes of all nine judges. Her victory marked the first gold medal won by an American after the death of an entire US figure skating team in an air crash in 1961, and heralded an American figure skating renaissance.
2024 FIBA Europe Cup Finals
The 2024 FIBA Europe Cup Finals were the concluding games of the 2023–24 FIBA Europe Cup season. As in previous years, the finals were played in a two-legged format, with the first leg being played on 17 April and the second one on 24 April 2024. The finals were played between German side Niners Chemnitz and Turkish side Bahçeşehir Koleji. Bahçeşehir Koleji played their second Europe Cup finals, having won the 2022 finals, while Chemnitz played in their first-ever final.

Bahçeşehir Koleji S.K.
Bahçeşehir Koleji Spor Kulübü, also known as Bahçeşehir Basketbol, is a Turkish professional basketball club based in Istanbul. The club plays in the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL), the highest level of basketball in Turkey, and in the EuroCup. Bahçeşehir made its debut in the BSL in 2018 and made its debut in European competitions in 2019. Bahçeşehir won the FIBA Europe Cup in 2022.

The club is part of Bahçeşehir Koleji, a private school based in Istanbul.
King George V Reservoir
The King George V Reservoir, also known as King George's Reservoir, is located in the London Borough of Enfield and is part of the Lee Valley Reservoir Chain that supplies London with drinking water. The storage reservoir is bordered by Sewardstone and Chingford to the east and Brimsdown and Ponders End to the west, and covers 420 acres (170 hectares), making it the largest in London. The reservoir and the nearby William Girling Reservoir are known collectively as the Chingford Reservoirs, and are owned and managed by Thames Water.

Chingford
Chingford is a suburban town in east London, England, within the London Borough of Waltham Forest. The centre of Chingford is 9.2 miles (14.8 km) north-east of Charing Cross. Chingford is bounded by the River Lea to the west, Epping Forest to the north and east, and Walthamstow to the south. It had a population of 70,583 at the 2021 census.

The name Chingford was first recorded in 913AD, with the ancient parish of Chingford being a largely rural farming community until urbanisation began in the late 19th century and became particularly pronounced in the interwar period.

The parish of Chingford was part of the Waltham hundred of Essex. The parish was granted urban district status in 1894, and municipal borough status in 1938. Its administrative headquarters were at Chingford Town Hall until 1965 when the Municipal Borough of Chingford merged with the municipal boroughs of Walthamstow and Leyton to form a new borough, Waltham Forest, within the new Greater London.
Sextuplets (film)
Sextuplets is a 2019 American comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes from a screenplay by Mike Glock, Rick Alvarez and Marlon Wayans, who also produced the film and starred in the lead role. It co-stars Bresha Webb, Michael Ian Black, Molly Shannon and Glynn Turman. It follows a man who sets out to find his long-lost siblings after discovering he is one of sextuplets his mother had.

The film was digitally released on Netflix on August 16, 2019. It received negative reviews from critics, who called it "lazy, messy, and deeply unfunny".

Glynn Turman
Glynn Turman (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor. First coming to attention as a child actor in the original 1959 Broadway production of A Raisin in the Sun, Turman is known for his roles as Lew Miles on the prime-time soap opera Peyton Place (1968–1969), high school student Leroy "Preach" Jackson in the 1975 coming-of-age film Cooley High, math professor and retired Army colonel Bradford Taylor on the NBC sitcom A Different World (1988–1993), and Baltimore mayor Clarence Royce on the HBO drama series The Wire. He received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for his role on the HBO drama series In Treatment.

Turman also portrayed Jeremiah Kaan on the Showtime series House of Lies, Doctor Senator in the fourth season of the FX black comedy crime drama series Fargo, and starred in the 2020 Netflix film Ma Rainey's Black Bottom.
Porz (Rhein) station
Porz (Rhein) is a railway station situated at Porz, Cologne in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia on the Sieg and East Rhine Railways. It is served by Cologne S-Bahn S12 line between Düren or Köln-Ehrenfeld and Troisdorf every 20 minutes Monday–Saturday and every 30 minutes on Sunday. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station.

Düren station
Düren station is located to the north of the centre of Düren and is the largest station in the city and the district of Düren. It is located at the intersection of the Cologne–Aachen high-speed line with the lines to  Linnich, Heimbach and Euskirchen.  Until 1992 it was also connected to the Erft Railway.

The train is served by Regional-Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains. It is the terminus of the line S19 of the Cologne S-Bahn. The station was opened on 1 September 1841 by the Rhenish Railway Company on its original line from Cologne to Belgium.
Frank Moniz
Frankie "Shorty" Moniz (misspelled Muniz and Munitz) (September 26, 1911 – June 18, 2004) was an American soccer player who spent six seasons in the American Soccer League and earned two caps with the U.S. national team.

In 1935, Moniz signed with the Kearny Scots in the American Soccer League.  At some point he moved to the Pawtucket Rangers.  In 1941, he left the ASL and joined the Fall River, Massachusetts Ponta Delgada S.C. which won the 1947 National Challenge Cup and National Amateur Cup.  Based on these result, the U.S. Soccer Federation selected the club to act as the U.S. national team at the 1947 NAFC Championship.  As a result, Moniz earned two caps with the U.S. national team.  In the first game, the U.S. 5-0 to Mexico and in the second, they lost 5–2 to Cuba.

Moniz served in the U.S. Army during World War II and later owned a Sunoco gas station.  He was inducted into the New England Soccer Hall of Fame in 1984.

American Soccer League (1933–1983)
The American Soccer League has been a name used by four different professional soccer sports leagues in the United States. The second American Soccer League was established in summer 1933 following the collapse of the original American Soccer League, which lasted from 1921 until spring 1933. The new league was created on a smaller scale and with smaller budgets. This league existed until over-expansion and financial limitations led to its collapse in 1983. Two successor leagues later operated.
Santa Rosa–Tarlac Road
Santa Rosa–Tarlac Road, signed as National Route 58 (N58) of the Philippine highway network, is a 39 kilometers (24 miles) major primary road in the provinces of Nueva Ecija and Tarlac. It traverses and connects through the municipalities of Santa Rosa, Zaragoza, La Paz and the city of Tarlac.

Santa Rosa, Nueva Ecija
Santa Rosa, officially the Municipality of Santa Rosa (Tagalog: Bayan ng Santa Rosa) is a municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 80,258 people.
Luo Shifang
Luo Shifang (Chinese: 罗诗芳; pinyin: Luó Shīfāng; born 2 April 2001) is a Chinese weightlifter. Born in Guiyang County, she started weightlifting when she was twelve for her physical fitness. She first competed at the 2017 Asian Youth & Junior Weightlifting Championships where she won a gold in the youth division.

Luo made her senior debut at the 2022 World Weightlifting Championships, there she placed fourth. She returned at the 2023 Asian Weightlifting Championships and placed first, winning the world championships in the same year. She set her first world record at the 2024 IWF World Cup with 248 kg. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, she won the gold medal in her event and set three new Olympic records.

2024 IWF World Cup
The 2024 IWF World Cup was a weightlifting competition held in Phuket, Thailand from 31 March to 11 April 2024.

The event served as a mandatory event to qualify for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.
Jhansi Fort
Jhansi Fort or Jhansi ka Qila is a fortress situated on a large hilltop called Bangira, in Uttar Pradesh. It served as a stronghold of the Karhade Brahmin Kings in Balwant Nagar (old name of Jhansi) from the 11th through the 17th century.

There was another British fortress called the Star Fort which was located south of the main fortress of the town, at Jhansi Cantt. It was a primary British settlement in the town and had been constructed in accordance to a treaty of the British with the Newalkar Maharaja of Jhansi in 1804, through which Jhansi became subordinate to the British. The Star Fort was stormed by a Bengal infantry in June 1857, during the rebellion.

Karhade Brahmin
Karhaḍe Brahmins (also spelled as Karada Brahmins or Karad Brahmins) are a Hindu Brahmin sub-caste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra, but are also distributed in the states of Goa, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh.
Bill Nunn
William Goldwyn Nunn III (October 20, 1953 – September 24, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for his collaborations with director Spike Lee, notably as Radio Raheem in Do the Right Thing (1989). He also portrayed Daily Bugle editor Robbie Robertson in the Sam Raimi Spider-Man film trilogy (2002–07), and co-starred in the sitcoms The Job (2001–02) and Sirens (2014–15).

Sam Raimi
Samuel Marshall Raimi (/ˈreɪmi/ RAY-mee; born October 23, 1959) is an American filmmaker. He is best known for writing and directing the Evil Dead trilogy (1981–1992) and directing the Spider-Man trilogy (2002–2007). He also directed Darkman (1990), The Quick and the Dead (1995), A Simple Plan (1998), The Gift (2000), Drag Me to Hell (2009), Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022), and Send Help (2026).

His films are known for their highly dynamic visual style, inspired by comic books and slapstick comedy. He founded the production companies Renaissance Pictures in 1979 and Ghost House Pictures in 2002. Raimi has also produced several successful television series, including Hercules: The Legendary Journeys (1995–1997), its spin-off Xena: Warrior Princess (1995–2001), and Ash vs Evil Dead (2015–2018) starring longtime friend and collaborator Bruce Campbell reprising his role in the Evil Dead franchise.
Waterloo, Wisconsin
Waterloo is a city in Jefferson County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,628 at the 2020 census. The name Waterloo was suggested by a French resident who was one of Napoleon's soldiers at the Battle of Waterloo. Waterloo is located in the Watertown–Fort Atkinson micropolitan area.

Watertown, Wisconsin
Watertown is a city in Jefferson and Dodge counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 22,926 at the 2020 census, of which 14,674 were in Jefferson County and 8,252 were in Dodge County. Division Street, several blocks north of downtown, marks the county line. Watertown is a principal city of the Watertown–Fort Atkinson micropolitan statistical area which is in turn a sub-market of the larger Milwaukee–Waukesha–Racine combined statistical area.
2022 Supersport 300 World Championship
The 2022 Supersport 300 World Championship was the sixth season of the Supersport 300 World Championship. It started on April 8 at the MotorLand Aragón, and ended on October 9 at the Algarve International Circuit.

The championship was marred by the death of championship runner-up Victor Steeman, who suffered fatal injuries in an accident at the penultimate race of the season at the Algarve International Circuit.

Algarve International Circuit
The Algarve International Circuit (Portuguese: Autódromo Internacional do Algarve), also known as the Portimão Circuit, is a 4.653 km (2.891 mi) race circuit located in Portimão, Algarve region, Portugal. The development includes a karting track, off-road track, technology park, five-star hotel, sports complex and apartments.

The circuit was designed by Ricardo Pina, Arquitectos. The construction was finished in October 2008 and the circuit was homologated by both the FIM on 11 October 2008 and the FIA two days later. The total cost was €195 million (approximately $250 million).
Human reproductive ecology
Human reproductive ecology is a subfield in evolutionary biology that is concerned with human reproductive processes and responses to ecological variables. It is based in the natural and social sciences, and is based on theory and models deriving from human and animal biology, evolutionary theory, and ecology. It is associated with fields such as evolutionary anthropology and seeks to explain human reproductive variation and adaptations. The theoretical orientation of reproductive ecology applies the theory of natural selection to reproductive behaviors, and has also been referred to as the evolutionary ecology of human reproduction.

Parental investment
Parental investment, in evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology, is any parental expenditure (e.g. time, energy, resources) that benefits offspring. Parental investment may be performed by both males and females (called biparental care), females alone (exclusive maternal care) or males alone (exclusive paternal care). Care can be provided at any stage of the offspring's life, from prenatal (e.g. egg guarding and incubation in birds, and placental nourishment in mammals) to postnatal (e.g. food provisioning and protection of offspring).

Parental investment theory, a term coined by Robert Trivers in 1972, predicts that the sex that invests more in its offspring will be more selective when choosing a mate, and the less-invested sex will have intra-sexual competition for access to mates. This theory has been influential in explaining sex differences in sexual selection and mate preferences throughout the animal kingdom and in humans.
Lin Tsan-ting
Lin Tsan-ting (Chinese: 林贊庭; pinyin: Lín Zàntíng; 22 March 1930 – 14 March 2025) was a Taiwanese cinematographer known for his extensive contributions to Taiwanese cinema. Born in Fengyuan District, Taichung, Taiwan, he began his career in 1949 as an apprentice at the Agricultural Education Motion Pictures studio, which later evolved into the Central Motion Picture Corporation. Throughout his career, Lin worked on over 130 films, earning multiple accolades, including four Golden Horse Awards for Best Cinematography and the Asia Pacific Film Festival Award for Best Cinematography. In 2021, he received the Golden Horse Lifetime Achievement Award, becoming the first cinematographer to be so honored. Lin played a large role in transitioning Taiwan's film industry from black-and-white to color production and mentored many aspiring cinematographers.

Asia-Pacific Film Festival
The Asia-Pacific Film Festival (abbreviated APFF) is an annual film festival hosted by the Federation of Motion Picture Producers in Asia-Pacific (FPA). The festival was first held in Tokyo, Japan, in 1954.