hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bowes Reed
Bowes Reed (November 1740 – July 20, 1794) was an American Revolutionary War officer, politician, and public servant from New Jersey. He was the brother of Joseph Reed, a member of the Continental Congress and President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania (equivalent to Governor).

Charles Pettit
Charles Pettit (1736 – September 4, 1806) was an American lawyer and merchant from New Jersey and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He served as a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Confederation Congress from 1785 to 1787.
Barrancas River
The Barrancas River is a river in western Argentina. Traveling eastward from the Andes range, it separates the Argentine provinces of Mendoza and Neuquén. Joining the Río Grande, it merges into the Colorado, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

Río Grande (Mendoza)
Río Grande (Spanish for "great river") is a river located in Malargüe Department of southwestern Mendoza Province, Argentina. It arises in the confluence of the rivers Cobre and Tordillo on the Andes range near Chile and ends at the Colorado River at the Neuquén Province border. Its total length is 275 kilometres (171 mi). It's the most plentiful river of Mendoza with a flow of 107 m3/s (3,800 cu ft/s).

The river is from 125 km (78 mi) of Malargüe city and its course is development through volcanic rocks cracks. Around exists untouched earth, but the local government plans to take advantage of its resources.
Ahaan
Ahaan is a 2019 Indian comedy-drama film written and directed by Nikhil Pherwani. Starring Arif Zakaria, Niharika Singh, Plabita Borthakur and Rajit Kapur and produced by Will Finds Way Films, Ahaan is India's first Hindi-language film starring a Down Syndrome person in the leading role, played by newcomer Abuli Mamaji.

The film premiered at the Indian Film Festival of Melbourne in 2019, had its theatrical release in India on 19 March 2021 and premiered on Netflix on 15 May 2021.

Arif Zakaria
Arif Zakaria (born 11 November 1966) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi-language films. He is best known for Darmiyaan (1997), 1947: Earth (1998), Dance Like a Man (2004), and biographical projects Mardana and the controversial Nanak Shah Fakir.
Willie Ogg
William Robertson Ogg, Jr. (10 May 1888 – 25 December 1959) was a Scottish-American professional golfer, club maker, and golf course architect. He won the 1921 Shawnee Open, 1923 Maine Open, 1924 New England PGA Championship, and the 1924 Massachusetts Open. He finished tied for 9th place in the 1923 PGA Championship, a career-best result in major championships.

Ogg was one of the founding members of the PGA of America, serving as vice president. He was an excellent golf instructor and was the author of the book "Golf as I Know it", published posthumously in 1961.

He was the first golf club maker to build and patent the forerunner to the modern perimeter-weighted or cavity back iron. Ogg also patented a design for a golf glove.

Maine Open
The Maine Open is the Maine state open golf tournament, open to both amateur and professional golfers. It is organized by the Maine State Golf Association. It has been played annually since 1918 at a variety of courses around the state.
The Auschwitz Volunteer
The Auschwitz Volunteer: Beyond Bravery is a nonfiction 2012 book consisting of a report (also described as a diary) by Polish resistance fighter Witold Pilecki, an introduction written by historian Norman Davies and a foreword by Chief Rabbi of Poland Michael Schudrich. The diary has been translated by Jarek Garliński and was published in English by Aquila Polonica. It covers a period of about four years during which Pilecki was on a mission to infiltrate the Auschwitz concentration camp. Pilecki wrote his report in Polish in the summer of 1945 for his Polish Army superiors; this book was the first time his report was published in English. His mission had two principal goals: smuggle out intelligence about the camp, and build a resistance organization among the prisoners.

Norman Davies
Ivor Norman Richard Davies CMG FBA FRHistS (born 8 June 1939) is a British and Polish historian, known for his publications on the history of Europe, Poland and the United Kingdom. He has a special interest in Central and Eastern Europe and is UNESCO Professor at the Jagiellonian University, professor emeritus at University College London, a visiting professor at the Collège d'Europe, and an honorary fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford. He was granted Polish citizenship in 2014.
Fly algorithm
The Fly Algorithm is a computational method within the field of evolutionary algorithms, designed for direct exploration of 3D spaces in applications such as computer stereo vision, robotics, and medical imaging. Unlike traditional image-based stereovision, which relies on matching features to construct 3D information, the Fly Algorithm operates by generating a 3D representation directly from random points, termed "flies." Each fly is a coordinate in 3D space, evaluated for its accuracy by comparing its projections in a scene. By iteratively refining the positions of flies based on fitness criteria, the algorithm can construct an optimized spatial representation. The Fly Algorithm has expanded into various fields, including applications in digital art, where it is used to generate complex visual patterns.

Computer stereo vision
Computer stereo vision is the extraction of 3D information from digital images, such as those obtained by a CCD camera. By comparing information about a scene from two vantage points, 3D information can be extracted by examining the relative positions of objects in the two panels. This is similar to the biological process of stereopsis.
Oil industry in Poland
The oil industry in Poland began at Bóbrka Field in 1853 , followed by the first refinery in 1854.  Poland was the third most productive region in the world in 1900. It now has only a small, mostly state-owned component, with production from its Permian Basin in the west, small and very old fields in the Carpathians in the south, and offshore in the Baltic Sea.

Yamal–Europe pipeline
The Yamal–Europe natural gas pipeline is a 4,107-kilometre-long (2,552 mi) pipeline connecting Russian natural gas fields in the Yamal Peninsula and Western Siberia with Poland and Germany, through Belarus. The Poland portion ceased operating in 2022.

In Gazprom's development project nomenclature the pipeline consists of four sections,
Bovanenkovo–Ukhta (1,200 km or 750 mi),
Ukhta–Torzhok (970 km or 600 mi),
the western section from Torzhok also confusingly named Yamal–Europe (1,660 km or 1,030 mi), and the partly parallel SRTO–Torzhok branch section (2,200 km or 1,400 mi).
Chris Smith (footballer, born 1988)
Chris "Junior" Smith (born 31 August 1988 in Glasgow) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a defender.

Smith started his career in the youth teams of Partick Thistle and Rangers before making his first senior appearances in the Scottish Football League with Greenock Morton. He also played for Dumbarton, Ayr United, Falkirk, Stirling Albion and Clyde.

Ayr United F.C.
Ayr United Football Club are a football club in Ayr, Scotland, who play in the Scottish Championship, the second tier of the Scottish Professional Football League. Formed in 1910 by the merger of Ayr Parkhouse and Ayr F.C., their nickname is The Honest Men, from a line in the Robert Burns poem "Tam o' Shanter". They play at Somerset Park.

The club is currently managed by Scott Brown. The club have spent 34 seasons in Scotland's top division, the last being 1977–78, and have been the champions of the second tier of Scottish football on six occasions, and of the third tier on three occasions. The club's most successful manager, Ally MacLeod, went on to manage the Scotland national team. In 2018, Ayr United secured promotion to the Scottish Championship as champions of League One.
Aanandam Paramanandam
Aanandam Paramanandam (transl. Joy Bliss) is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language comedy-drama film directed by Shafi and produced by Saptha Tharang Creations Private Limited. The film stars Sharafudheen, Aju Varghese, Indrans, and Baiju Santhosh. The film's story, screenplay, and dialogues are written by M. Sindhuraj. The film's music is composed by Shaan Rahman and the cinematography is handled by Manoj Pillai. it was final film of Shafi as director before his death.

Baiju Santhosh
Baiju Santhosh Kumar is an Indian actor who works in Malayalam films. He began his acting career in 1981, as a child artist in the film Maniyan Pilla Adhava Maniyan Pilla. Since then he has acted in more than 300 films.
Game of Blood
Game of Blood (Korean: 피의 게임) is a South Korean reality television series. The third season debuted on November 15, 2024 as a survival entertainment program that featured contestants battling extreme conditions, causing them distress. That season's debut press event was disrupted by the declaration of martial law. Previous seasons were exported to Germany, France, and Italy, and were participated in by Blue Dragon Series Award winner Dex. His fellow Single's Inferno alum Choi Hye-seon appeared on the third season.

Single's Inferno
Single's Inferno (Korean: 솔로지옥) is a South Korean reality television series on Netflix. The program's hosts are model Hong Jin-kyung, actress Lee Da-hee, singer and Super Junior member Kyuhyun, rapper Hanhae, and YouTuber/cast member from season 2, Dex. The first season was released from December 18, 2021, to January 8, 2022. The second season was released from December 13, 2022, to January 10, 2023. The third season was released from December 12, 2023, to January 9, 2024. The fourth season was released from January 14, to February 11, 2025. The fifth season was released from January 20, 2026, to February 14, 2026.
Antica Farmacia Sant'Anna
The Antica Farmacia Sant'Anna (Italian for “Ancient Pharmacy of Saint Anne”) is a pharmacy and herbal medicine dispensary in Genoa, Italy, located in the quarter of Castelletto. Founded by the Discalced Carmelites friars of the annex Convent of Sant’Anna in 1650, it is the oldest commercial establishment still operating in Genoa and the only instance in Italy of a fully licensed pharmacy owned and operated by a religious institution. While its ancient furniture and instruments are listed and protected as cultural heritage, its modern laboratories are equipped with state-of-the-art technology for the preparation of medicines, Galenic formulations, herbal medicine products, lotions, cosmetics and dietary supplements under the supervision of legally qualified personnel.

Castelletto (Genoa)
44°24′49″N 8°55′59″E﻿ / ﻿44.41361°N 8.93306°E﻿ / 44.41361; 8.93306

Castelletto is a residential quarter of Genoa, north-western Italy. It occupies a hilly area which, until the construction of the New Walls in the 17th century, was located outside of the city. The quarter is now part of the city's Municipio I Centro Est and comprises three urban units (Castelletto, Manin and San Nicola) which, as of 31 December 2010, had a total population of 28,857 combined.

The name, meaning "small castle" in Italian, comes from a fort overlooking the center of Genoa, recorded as early as the 10th century AD and dismantled in the late 19th century to make way to residential buildings and the panoramic belvedere in the so-called Spianata di Castelletto.
Marvel Super Hero Adventures
Marvel Super Hero Adventures is an American short-form animated series based on characters created by Marvel Comics. Aimed at a preschool audience, the shorts first air on Disney Channel's Disney Junior block, followed by the Disney Junior channel and later the Marvel HQ YouTube channel and DisneyNOW app. The series is animated with Flash animation, but uses the art style of Spider-Man (2017) for framing devices.

DisneyNow
DisneyNow (stylized as DisneyNOW) is a TV Everywhere platform offered by Disney Branded Television. The service offers programming from Disney Channel, Disney Jr, and Disney XD for subscribers to the three networks on television providers.

It launched on September 29, 2017, replacing the individual "Watch" apps that originally launched for these networks in 2012, as well as the networks' respective official websites. The mobile and digital media player apps for the platform were discontinued on September 23, 2024; service remains available on traditional computers and web browsers.
Gretsch Drums
Gretsch Drums is a division of American musical instrument manufacturer Gretsch. The company was founded in Brooklyn, New York, in 1883. Gretsch drum kits have been used by many notable drummers including Max Roach, Tony Williams, Art Blakey, Vinnie Colaiuta, Rob Bourdon, Mark Guiliana, Phil Collins, Charlie Watts, Taylor Hawkins, Mitch Mitchell and Steve Ferrone.

Gretsch Drums manufactures and commercialises drum kits and hardware.

Tony Williams (drummer)
Anthony Tillmon Williams (December 12, 1945 – February 23, 1997) was an American jazz drummer. Williams first gained fame as a member of Miles Davis's "Second Great Quintet", and later pioneered jazz fusion with Davis's group and his own combo, The Tony Williams Lifetime. In 1970, music critic Robert Christgau described him as "probably the best drummer in the world". Williams was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame in 1997.
Fat removal procedures
Fat removal procedures are used mostly in cosmetic surgery with the intention of removing unwanted adipose tissue. The procedure may be invasive, as with liposuction, or noninvasive using laser therapy, radiofrequency, ultrasound or cold (cryoablation or cryolipolysis) to reduce fat, sometimes in combination with injections.

Fat is sometimes removed from one location to another on a person in an autograft, such as in some breast reconstruction and breast augmentation procedures. These techniques are distinct from bariatric surgery, which aims to treat obesity by minimizing food consumption or by interfering with the absorption of food during digestion, and from injection lipolysis, which relies solely on injections marketed as causing lipolysis.

Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz. This frequency is the approximate upper audible limit of human hearing in healthy young adults. The physical principles of acoustic waves apply to any frequency range, including ultrasound. Ultrasonic devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects and measure distances. Ultrasound imaging or sonography is often used in medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning, mixing, and accelerating chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.
Haré Rama Haré Krishna
Haré Rama Haré Krishna is a 1972 Indian Hindi-language satirical musical drama film written, produced and directed by Dev Anand under the banner of Navketan Films. It stars Anand himself, alongside Mumtaz, Zeenat Aman and Prem Chopra in the lead roles. The film deals with the decadence of the Hippie culture, and aimed to have an anti-drug message and also depicts some problems associated with Westernization.

The film was a hit and a star-making vehicle for Aman, who played a westernized hippie, and won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award, as well as the BFJA Award for Best Actress.  It was influenced by the 1968 American psychedelic film Psych-Out.

The idea for Haré Rama Haré Krishna actually came to Dev Anand when he visited Kathmandu, Nepal and encountered hippies living there. He was low in spirits due to protests against his previous film Prem Pujari. The protesters had burnt posters of the film.

Prem Pujari
Prem Pujari (lit. 'Love Devotee') is a 1970 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film produced, directed and written by Dev Anand for Navketan Films, his directorial debut. It stars Anand, Waheeda Rehman, Shatrughan Sinha, Prem Chopra, Madan Puri and a then-unknown Amrish Puri. It has several popular songs composed and directed by S. D. Burman. The songs were written by Gopaldas Neeraj. The film was a commercial failure, however the soundtrack album is regarded as a masterpiece among classical Hindi film music aficionados, particularly the songs "Shokhiyon Mein Ghola Jaye" sung by Kishore Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar, "Phoolon Ke Rang Se" sung by Kumar and "Rangeela Re Tere Rang Mein" sung by Mangeshkar.
Paorae
Paorae was a migrating coastal dune, formerly located west of the Āwhitu Peninsula in the Auckland Region of New Zealand. Paorae was an important area for cultivating kūmara (sweet potato) and taro for Tāmaki Māori tribes Ngāiwi and Ngāoho, and later Waikato Tainui. The land eroded in the 18th century, becoming known as a legendary "Māori Atlantis" to European New Zealanders. Material from Paorae forms the Manukau Heads sandbars and the modern day beach at Whatipu, which began forming in the 1930s.

Sweet potato cultivation in Polynesia
Sweet potato cultivation in Polynesia as a crop began around 1000 AD in central Polynesia. The plant became a common food across the region, especially in Hawaii, Easter Island and New Zealand, where it became a staple food. By the 17th century in central Polynesia, traditional cultivars were being replaced with hardier and larger varieties from the Americas (a process which began later in New Zealand, in the early 19th century). Many traditional cultivars are still grown across Polynesia, but they are rare and are not widely commercially grown.

It is unknown how sweet potato began to be cultivated in the Pacific. Some scholars suggest that the presence of sweet potato in Polynesia is evidence of Polynesian contact with South America. However, some genetic studies of traditional cultivars suggest that sweet potato was first dispersed to Polynesia before human settlement.
Fakanau
A fakanau (meaning "spells") is a traditional Tuvaluan male dance, accompanied by singing and rhythmic clapping.

Fakanau singing and dancing are typical of Niutao and Nukufetau islands of Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, a group of nine low-lying coral islands in the central Pacific that are inhabited by Polynesian people. Fakanau is described as having "a tune that is between speech and singing [which] was performed while dancers are standing on their feet." Examples include Te onge ne tupu ia Kiollli, Neutuakina te vao i napanapa, and Ko na fakanau nei e kamata ifo mai gauta oi fakaholo atu ai ki gatai kafai te vaka e hoho ifo ki gatai. Other dances within the genre include the mako, the fakaseasea, the fatele, the lue, the sea, and the oga.

Niutao
Niutao is a reef island in the northern part of Tuvalu. It is one of the nine districts (islands) of Tuvalu. It is also one of the three districts that consist of only one island — not counting the three islets inside the closed lagoon. Niutao has a population of 550 (2022 census).
The Lies of the Land
The Lies of the Land: Seeing Rural America for What It Is – and Isn’t is a 2023 book by American historian Steven Conn Published by the University of Chicago Press. Conn discusses how conceptions of rural America compare with realities on the ground, arguing that militarization, industrialization, corporatization, and suburbanization have shaped rural regions in ways similar to urban and suburban areas. The book includes examples of military installations, flood-control initiatives, and large-scale agricultural and mining operations, as well as corporate and suburban developments. The author concludes that focusing on rural America in isolation overlooks the broader trends affecting communities nationwide. The book was shortlisted for the John Brinckerhoff Jackson Book Prize in Landscape Studies.

Corporatization
Corporatization is the process of transforming and restructuring state assets, government agencies, public organizations, or municipal organizations into corporations. It involves the adoption and application of business management practices and the separation of ownership from management through the creation of a joint-stock or shareholding structure for the organization. The result of corporatization is the creation of state-owned corporations (or corporations at other government levels, such as municipally owned corporations) where the government retains a majority ownership of the corporation's stock. Corporatization is undertaken to improve efficiency of an organization, to commercialize its operations, to introduce corporate and business management techniques to public functions, or as a precursor to partial or full privatization.
Aadheys
Aadheys is a 2014 Maldivian family drama film directed by Abdul Faththaah. Written and produced by Hassan Ali under Dash Studio, the film stars Niuma Mohamed, Hussain Sobah, Amira Ismail, Moosa Zakariyya and Fathimath Azifa in pivotal roles. The film was released on 1 October 2014. Filming took place in R. Ungoofaaru simultaneously with director's romantic film Love Story (2012). Filming was completed on 6 September 2011 and spent 25 days for shooting.

Love Story (2012 film)
Love Story is a 2012 Maldivian romantic film directed by Abdul Faththaah. Produced by Ali Shaniz Mohamed and Hussain Nooradeen under Saturn Studio and Noor N Movies, the film stars Ali Seezan, Amira Ismail and Aishath Rishmy in pivotal roles. The film was released on 28 March 2012.
Virtual Faith
"Virtual Faith" is the third episode of the first season of the HBO Max science fiction drama television series Raised by Wolves. The episode was directed by Luke Scott and written by series creator Aaron Guzikowski.

Luke Scott (director)
Luke James L. Scott (born 1 May 1968) is a British film, commercial and television director. He was second unit director on Exodus: Gods and Kings, The Martian, Alien: Covenant, and Gladiator II, all directed by his father, Sir Ridley Scott. He made his feature film directorial debut in 2016 with Morgan.
Sam Johnson (defensive back)
Samuel Levi Johnson III (born May 18, 1959) is an American former professional football defensive back who played one season with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was selected by the Detroit Lions in the sixth round of the 1981 NFL draft after playing college football at the University of Maryland, College Park.

1981 NFL draft
The 1981 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held during  April 28–29, 1981, at the New York Sheraton Hotel in New York City. The league also held a supplemental draft after the regular draft and before the regular season.

For the first time, the top two picks of the draft, running back George Rogers selected by the New Orleans Saints and linebacker Lawrence Taylor picked by the New York Giants, were named Offensive and Defensive Rookies of the Year, respectively.
Thingvalla Township, Pembina County, North Dakota
Thingvalla Township is a township in Pembina County, North Dakota, United States. The 2000 census reported a population of 121, and an estimated population of 103 as of 2009. President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson of Iceland visited the area in 1999 to dedicate a monument to poet K. N. Julius at Thingvalla Church, and Prime Minister Geir Haarde visited in 2007 to dedicate a memorial to the church, which burned to the ground in 2003.

The 2nd of August Celebration, commonly known as the "Deuce of August" is an annual event in the township. It commemorates the adoption of a new constitution on August 2, 1874, when Iceland was still a part of Denmark. While it was never an official national holiday in Iceland, it is very popular among Americans of Icelandic descent. The celebration in Thingvalla Township is reportedly the largest Icelandic ethnic event in the United States.

Prime Minister of Iceland
The prime minister of Iceland (Icelandic: Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is head of government of the country of Iceland. The prime minister is appointed formally by the president and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary support.