hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Italian destroyer Nicola Fabrizi
Nicola Fabrizi was an Italian La Masa-class destroyer. Commissioned into service in the Italian Regia Marina ("Royal Navy") in 1918, she served in the final months of World War I, participating in the Adriatic campaign. She was reclassified as a torpedo boat in 1929. After Fascist Italy entered World War II, she served mainly in the Adriatic campaign as a convoy escort in the Adriatic Sea, taking part in the Action in the Strait of Otranto in 1940. She also served in the Mediterranean campaign. After the fall of Fascist Italy and the Italian armistice with the Allies in 1943, she switched to the Allied side and operated as a unit of the Italian Co-belligerent Navy until 1945. A part of the Italian Navy (Marina Militare) after the Italian Republic replaced the Kingdom of Italy in 1946, she remained in service during the Cold War and was reclassified as a minesweeper in 1953. Stricken in 1957, she subsequently was scrapped.

Adriatic Campaign of World War I
The Adriatic Campaign of World War I was a naval campaign fought between the Central Powers and the Mediterranean squadrons of the Allies, specifically the United Kingdom, France, the Kingdom of Italy, Australia, and the United States.
Paulo Freire
Paulo Reglus Neves Freire (19 September 1921 – 2 May 1997) was a Brazilian educator and Marxist philosopher whose work revolutionized global thought on education. He is best known for Pedagogy of the Oppressed, in which he reimagines teaching as a collaborative act of liberation rather than transmission. A founder of critical pedagogy, Freire’s influence spans literacy movements, liberation theology, postcolonial education, Marxism, and contemporary theories of social justice and learning. He is widely regarded as one of the most important educational theorists of the twentieth century, alongside figures such as John Dewey and Maria Montessori, and considered "the Grandfather of Critical Theory".

Liberation theology
Liberation theology is a Christian theological approach emphasizing the liberation of the oppressed. The term originated among Latin American Catholic theologians in the 1960s, and it has increasingly been used to describe similar approaches in other parts of the globe. It often engages in socio-economic analyses, and emphasizes social concern for those marginalized due to their social class, race, ethnicity, gender, etc.
Alessandro Severo
Alessandro Severo (Alexander Severus, HWV A13) is an opera by George Frideric Handel composed in 1738. It is one of Handel's three surviving pasticcio works, made up of the music and arias of his previous operas Giustino, Berenice and Arminio. Only the overture and recitatives (as well as the words) were new. The impresario Johann Jacob Heidegger probably selected the 1717 libretto by Apostolo Zeno, originally written for Antonio Lotti and re-used by many composers thereafter.

Giustino (Handel)
Giustino ("Justin", HWV 37) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The opera was first given at the Covent Garden Theatre in London on 16 February 1737. The Italian-language libretto was adapted from Charles VI's court poet Pietro Pariati's libretto for Giustino (1711), after the much older original libretto of Nicolò Beregan (1682). The libretto had already been adapted by many composers including Vivaldi's Giustino of 1724 and Tomaso Albinoni's lost opera of 1711.
TaharQa and Tunde Ra Aleem
TaharQa Z. Aleem (born February 14, 1946) and Tunde Ra Aleem (February 14, 1946 – August 14, 2014) were twins formerly known as Albert Allen and Arthur Allen, respectively. Although they wore many hats, they are most notable for being American musicians, producers, authors, and entrepreneurs originally based out of Harlem, New York, in addition to being close friends and musical collaborators with Jimi Hendrix. They are known for their 1986 R&B hit "Love's on Fire" featuring Leroy Burgess.

They also founded NIA Records, which launched their ground-breaking club/dance hits "Hooked on Your Love" and "Release Yourself". This same independent record label would also be pivotal in kick-starting the careers of Marley Marl and the Wu-Tang Clan. After the death of his twin Tunde Ra in 2014, TaharQa still continues to be active in humanitarian efforts through his Hip-Hop for Humanity organization.

Marley Marl
Marlon Lu'Ree Williams (born September 30, 1962), better known by his stage name Marley Marl, is an American DJ, record producer, rapper and record label founder, primarily operating in hip-hop music. Marlon grew up in Queensbridge housing projects located in Queens, New York. He performed in local talent shows during the early days of rap music, further fueling his interest.

He was also featured on Eric B. & Rakim's "Paid in Full" from their debut album, which was also recorded in his studio. 
He is credited with influencing a number of hip hop icons such as Biggie Smalls, RZA, DJ Premier, Madlib, and Pete Rock. Producer Madlib stated in an interview that Marley was the first producer who inspired him to make beats. Vibe magazine wrote that he, "forever changed the sound of hip-hop with his unique beat barrages."
Shijō Station
Shijō Station (四条駅, Shijō-eki) is a train station on the Kyoto Municipal Subway Karasuma Line in Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

The station is located beneath Karasuma Street, at the intersection with Shijō Street. The underground concourse of Shijō Station is connected with the underground concourse of Karasuma Station on the Hankyu Kyoto Line under Shijō Street.

Kyoto Municipal Subway
The Kyoto Municipal Subway (京都市営地下鉄, Kyōto-shiei chikatetsu), also known as the Kyoto City Subway, is the rapid transit network in the city of Kyoto, Japan. Operated by the Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau, it has two lines.
Van Helsing's Factory
Van Helsing's Factory is a steel enclosed roller coaster at the Movie Park Germany amusement park in Bottrop, Germany. The Gerstlauer dark ride opened in June 2011 as a replacement for the defunct Gremlin Invasion ride.

Gerstlauer
48°18′36″N 10°26′59″E﻿ / ﻿48.31000°N 10.44972°E﻿ / 48.31000; 10.44972

Gerstlauer Amusement Rides GmbH is a German manufacturer of stationary and transportable amusement rides and roller coasters, located in Münsterhausen, Germany. As of May 2024, all 113 Gerstlauer-made rollercoasters are still in operation and at their original park, apart from Seifenkiste at Trampolino Familien- und Freizeitpark, which is currently in storage, and Pandemonium at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, which now operates at Six Flags Mexico under the name of Joker.
Carol Springer
Carol Springer (née Purkeypile; December 5, 1936 – August 9, 2018) was an American politician who served as the State Treasurer of Arizona from January 1999 until January 2003. A Republican, she was elected in November 1998.

During her tenure, all five of Arizona's statewide executive offices were held by women: Governor Jane Dee Hull, Secretary of State Betsey Bayless, Attorney General Janet Napolitano, Springer, and Superintendent of Public Instruction Lisa Graham Keegan.

Springer served as an Arizona State Senator for District 1 between 1990 and 1998. She ran in the 2002 gubernatorial primary election as a Republican. In 2005 she assumed the position of Yavapai County Supervisor.

Betsey Bayless
Betsey Bayless (born January 10, 1944) was the 17th Secretary of State of Arizona from September 5, 1997, until January 6, 2003. She was appointed to fill the unexpired term of fellow Republican Jane Dee Hull. She was elected to a full term November 3, 1998.
Perrott-Warrick Fund
The Perrott–Warrick Fund is administered by Trinity College, Cambridge, and awards grants for research in parapsychology. According to Susan Blackmore, it is the second largest source of grants for psychical research in the UK, after the University of Edinburgh's Koestler Parapsychology Unit. Caroline Watt of the University of Edinburgh has been Perrott–Warrick Senior Researcher since 2010. The position was previously held by Rupert Sheldrake, Richard Wiseman and Nicholas Humphrey.

Susan Blackmore
Susan Jane Blackmore (born 29 July 1951) is a British writer, lecturer, sceptic, broadcaster, and a visiting professor at the University of Plymouth. Her fields of research include memetics, parapsychology, consciousness, and she is best known for her book The Meme Machine. She has written or contributed to over 40 books and 60 scholarly articles and is a contributor to The Guardian newspaper.
Plantago raoulii
Plantago raoulii (also known as kopakopa or tūkōrehu in te reo Māori) is a species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. Joseph Decaisne described P. raoulii in 1852. Plants of this species of plantain are perennial with a rosette habit, leaves widest above the middle, usually 5 seeds in a specific arrangement in each capsule, and bracts with mostly glabrous edges. It is listed as Not Threatened.

Joseph Decaisne
Joseph Decaisne (7 March 1807 – 8 January 1882) was a French botanist and agronomist. He became an aide-naturaliste to Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797–1853), who served as the chair of rural botany. It was during this time that he began to study plants brought back by various travelers like those of Victor Jacquemont (1801–1832) from Asia. Decaisne used applied research, most notably on the agronomy of the madder, the yam and the ramie. He was also interested in algae.
Walden Pond
Walden Pond is a historic pond in Concord, Massachusetts, in the United States. A good example of a kettle hole, it was formed by retreating glaciers 10,000–12,000 years ago. The pond is protected as part of Walden Pond State Reservation, a 335-acre (136 ha) state park and recreation site managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation. The reservation was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962 for its association with the writer Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862), whose two years living in a cabin on its shore provided the foundation for his famous 1854 work, Walden; or, Life in the Woods. The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 ensured federal support for the preservation of the pond.

National Historic Preservation Act
The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA, Pub. L. 89–665, 80 Stat. 915) is legislation intended to preserve historic and archaeological sites in the United States. The act created the National Register of Historic Places, the list of National Historic Landmarks, and the State Historic Preservation Offices.

Senate Bill 3035, the National Historic Preservation Act, was signed into law on October 15, 1966, and is the most far-reaching preservation legislation ever enacted in the United States. Several amendments have been made since. Among other things, the act requires federal agencies to evaluate the impact of all federally funded or permitted projects on historic properties (buildings, archaeological sites, etc.) through a process known as Section 106 Review.

Many of the historic preservation provisions that had been in 16 U.S.C. are present in 54 U.S.C. §§ 300101–320303 by Pub. L. 113–287 (text) (PDF), which was signed into law on December 19, 2014.
Naya Kashmir
Naya Kashmir (New Kashmir) is the name given to the memorandum that Sheikh Abdullah the leader of Kashmir's leading political party the National Conference submitted to Maharaja Hari Singh the ruler of Jammu and Kashmir State on his return to Kashmir after attending a meeting of the Imperial War Cabinet of Great Britain followed by a tour of Europe and Middle East in 1944. It was the outline of a plan to convert the Jammu and Kashmir state from an absolute monarchy to constitutional democracy with the Maharajah remaining as the Head of the State as the Monarch is in Britain. A detailed economic plan for the development of Jammu and Kashmir State was a part of this memorandum. It was  subsequently adopted by  the National Conference as its manifesto. The "Naya Kashmir" plan proved to be immensely popular in Kashmir as it was the blueprint for a welfare state far in advance of its times. The text of Naya Kashmir in Urdu language is reprinted in the book "Tehreek e Hurriyat e Kashmir".

Imperial War Cabinet
The Imperial War Cabinet (IWC) was the British Empire's wartime coordinating body. It met over three sessions, the first from 20 March to 2 May 1917, the second from 11 June to late July 1918, and the third from 20 or 25 November 1918 to early January 1919. Consisting of representatives from Canada, Australia, India, the Dominion of Newfoundland, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, the Cabinet considered many aspects of waging the First World War. It led to the United Kingdom's Dominions being considered more equal to Great Britain and Ireland. Held concurrently with the cabinet were the Imperial War Conferences of 1917 and 1918.
Aksana Dziamidava
Aksana Yauhenauna Dziamidava (Belarusian: Аксана Яўгенаўна Дзямідава; born 23 December 1993) is a Belarusian swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events. She won a bronze medal, as a member of the Belarusian swimming team, in the women's 4×50 m freestyle at the 2012 European Short Course Swimming Championships in Chartres, France.

Dziamidava represented Belarus at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she qualified for the women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, along with her teammates Yuliya Khitraya, Sviatlana Khakhlova, and double Olympic silver medalist Aliaksandra Herasimenia. Swimming the third leg, Dziamidava posted her time of 55.94 seconds, and the Belarusian team went on to finish the first heat in seventh place and thirteenth overall, setting a new national record time of 3:40.67.

Sviatlana Khakhlova
Sviatlana Anatolyewna Khakhlova (Belarusian: Святлана Анатольеўна Хахлова, Russian: Светлана Анатольевна Хохлова; born 2 October 1984) is a Belarusian backstroke, butterfly, freestyle and medley swimmer who won five medals at European championships in 2002–2011. She competed at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics in six events, but did not reach the finals.
Justin Turner (basketball)
Justin Rafael Turner (born March 12, 1998), nicknamed   "Juice" or "JT", is an American professional basketball player for BC Gargždai of the Lithuanian Basketball League (LKL). He played college basketball for the Bowling Green Falcons.

Bowling Green Falcons men's basketball
The Bowling Green Falcons men's basketball team is the basketball team that represents Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio. The school's team currently competes in the Mid-American Conference. The team last played in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 1968. Former head coach Michael Huger was fired after the 2022–23 season, and Todd Simon was hired to replace him on March 15, 2023.
2013 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships – Men's 5000 m
The men's 5000 meter at the 2013 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships took place in Heerenveen at the Thialf ice skating rink on Friday 9 November 2012. Although this tournament was held in 2012 it was part of the speed skating season 2012–2013.There were 20 participants.

2013 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships
The 2013 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships were held at the Thialf ice stadium in Heerenveen from 9 November until 11 November 2012. Although the tournament was held in 2012 it was the 2013 edition as it is part of the 2012/2013 speed skating season.
Totskoye nuclear exercise
52°38′41″N 52°48′16″E﻿ / ﻿52.64472°N 52.80444°E﻿ / 52.64472; 52.80444

The Totskoye nuclear exercise was a military exercise undertaken by the Soviet Army to explore defensive and offensive warfare during nuclear war. The exercise, under the code name "Snowball" (Russian: Снежок, romanized: Snezhok), involved an aerial detonation of a 40 kt RDS-4 nuclear bomb. The stated goal of the operation was military training for breaking through heavily fortified defensive lines of a military opponent using nuclear weapons. An army of 45,000 soldiers marched through the area around the hypocenter soon after the nuclear blast. The exercise was conducted on September 14, 1954, at 9.33 a.m., under the command of Marshal Georgy Zhukov to the north of Totskoye village in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, in the South Ural Military District. The epicenter of the detonation is marked with a memorial.

Hypocenter
A hypocenter or hypocentre (from Ancient Greek  ὑπόκεντρον (hupókentron) 'below the center'), also called ground zero or surface zero, is the point on the Earth's surface directly below a nuclear explosion, meteor air burst, or other mid-air explosion. In seismology, the hypocenter of an earthquake is its point of origin below ground; a synonym is the focus of an earthquake.

Generally, the terms ground zero and surface zero are also used in relation to epidemics, and other disasters to mark the point of the most severe damage or destruction. The term is distinguished from the term zero point in that the latter can also be located in the air, underground, or underwater.
Beautiful Mistakes
"Beautiful Mistakes" is a song by American band Maroon 5 featuring American rapper Megan Thee Stallion. It was released through 222 and Interscope Records on March 3, 2021, as the third single from the band's seventh studio album, Jordi (2021). The song was written by the band's lead singer Adam Levine, Megan Thee Stallion, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Joe Kirkland, and producers Andrew Goldstein and Blackbear. The music video was directed by Sophie Muller.

Sophie Muller
Sophie Luise Elisabeth Muller (born 31 January 1962) is an English music video director who has directed over 300 music videos. She won a Grammy Award for Annie Lennox's 1992 Diva video album, and an MTV Video Music Award for Lennox's song "Why" from the same album. In 1993, she received a BRIT Award for "Stay" by Shakespears Sister. She won another MTV Award in 1997 for "Don't Speak" by No Doubt. Muller is a longtime collaborator of Sade, Annie Lennox, Gwen Stefani, Kylie Minogue, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Garbage and Shakespears Sister.

Muller has also photographed still campaigns and cover art for albums, and provided photographs and art direction for concert tours, concert films, and commercials.
Dirk Fock
Dirk Fock (19 June 1858 – 17 October 1941) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of the defunct Liberal State Party (LSP) now merged into the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He served as Governor of Suriname (1908–1911), Speaker of the House of Representatives (1917–1921) and Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1921–1926).

Liberal State Party
The Liberal State Party, "the Freedom League" (Dutch: Liberale Staatspartij "de Vrijheidsbond", LSP), was a conservative liberal political party in the Netherlands from 1921 to 1948. It is historically linked to the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), a major Dutch political party.
Johanna Chao Kreilick
Johanna Chao Kreilick is the Chief Strategy Officer at Blue Ocean Law, a Pacific-led public-interest law firm founded by Julian Aguon focused on climate justice, ocean governance, and Indigenous rights. In this role, she works on efforts related to the implementation of findings by the International Court of Justice concerning state responsibility for climate harm.

Kreilick was the president of the Union of Concerned Scientists, a scientific advocacy nonprofit based in the United States from May 2021 - February 2024.  
She represented the organization in lobbying Congress and business leaders to address climate change.

Kreilick previously led major international initiatives with the Open Society Foundations, the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Harvard University, and the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee.  She is noted for her work on racial justice and for engaging scientists, lawyers and civil society advocates in effective decision making.

Open Society Foundations
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is an American grantmaking network founded by billionaire business magnate George Soros. OSF financially supports progressive organizations. As of 2025, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of $24.2 billion since its establishment in 1993. OSF has assets of over $23 billion, making it one of the world's largest foundations. It has offices in over a dozen countries. The New York Times described OSF as "a sprawling political and philanthropic empire that seeks to advance a liberal, democratic agenda around the globe".
Arjan van der Laan
Arjan van der Laan (born 10 November 1969) is a Dutch former professional footballer, who played as a midfielder. He is the current head coach of the seventh-tier Tweede Klasse club RKSV Altior from Langeraar.

Tweede Klasse
The Tweede Klasse (English: Second Class) is the seventh tier of football in the Netherlands and the fifth tier of Dutch amateur football. The league is divided into 21 divisions, 12 played on Saturday and nine on Sunday.

Each division consists of 14 teams. The champions are promoted to the Eerste Klasse (First Class), and the teams finishing 13th and 14th are relegated to the Derde Klasse (Third Class). Each season is divided into a number of periods (Dutch: periodes). The winners of these periods qualify for promotion playoffs, provided they finish in the top nine overall in the season. The teams finishing 12th in the final rankings play relegation playoffs.
Ulmus pumila 'Pendula'
The Siberian Elm cultivar Ulmus pumila 'Pendula' is from northern China, where it is known as Lung chao yü shu (: Dragon's-claw elm). It was classified by Frank Meyer in Fengtai in 1908, and introduced to the United States by him from the Peking Botanical Garden as Weeping Chinese elm. The USDA plant inventory record (1916) noted that it was a "rare variety even in China".  It was confirmed as an U. pumila cultivar by Krüssmann (1962).

Late 19th-century herbarium leaf-specimens suggest that the epithet 'Pendula' has been attached to more than one form of Siberian elm.

Not to be confused with the smaller Siberian elm cultivar Ulmus pumila 'Dwarf Weeper'.

The name 'Weeping Chinese elm' is now sometimes used for Ulmus parvifolia 'Sempervirens', a cultivar of the true Chinese elm.

Ulmus parvifolia 'Sempervirens'
The Chinese elm cultivar Ulmus parvifolia 'Sempervirens' is an American introduction from south China, commonly known by the synonym 'Evergreen'. It was first listed by Bailey & Bailey in Hortus Second, 747, 1941.
Four Corners Office/Retail Complex
The Four Corners Office/Retail Complex is an office complex in Uptown Houston, Texas. The complex, with a total of 395,473 square feet (36,740.6 m2) of office space and 28,290 square feet (2,628 m2) of retail space, sits on 7.5 acres (3.0 ha) of land. The buildings include the 11 story TeleCheck Plaza, the 10 story 5333 Westheimer Road, the 21,120 square feet (1,962 m2) retail tenant building Sage Plaza, the single story 8,800 square feet (820 m2) Savoy Salons, and a 3,892 square feet (361.6 m2) single story Region's Bank with a drive-through. The complex is located at the southwest corner of Westheimer Road and Sage, taking one full square block across the street from The Galleria.

Westheimer Road
Westheimer Road (/ˈwɛst(h)aɪmər/) is an arterial east–west road in Houston, Texas, United States. It runs from Bagby Street in Downtown and terminates at the Westpark Tollway on the southern edge of George Bush Park, stretching about 19 miles (31 km) long. The street was named after Michael Louis Westheimer, a German immigrant and flour salesman.