hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2015 Zaria massacre
The Zaria massacre, also known as the Buhari massacre, was a massacre carried out by the Nigerian Army in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, on Saturday, 12 December 2015, against Shia Muslims, mostly members of the Islamic Movement in Nigeria (IMN). At least 1000 civilians were killed, with 347 bodies secretly buried by the Army in a mass grave.

The Army claimed that it had responded to an attempt to assassinate Nigeria's Chief of Army Staff, Tukur Buratai, by the IMN. This claim has been strongly rejected by the IMN and several human rights organizations who argue that the massacre occurred without any provocation and that all the protestors were unarmed. The incident is considered among the "notable human rights violations since the return to democracy" in Nigeria.

Nigerian Army
The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land force of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is the largest component of the Nigerian Armed Forces. The President of Nigeria is the Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff, who is the highest ranking military officer of the Nigerian Army.  It is governed by the Nigerian Army Council (NAC). The Nigerian Army is operationally and geographically divided into ten divisions, the basic field formation. The army has been involved in operations throughout the country, most especially during the Nigerian Civil War, and has undertaken major operations abroad. Nigerian Army officers have served as chiefs of defence in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe serving as Sierra Leone chief of staff in 1998–1999, and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the Armed Forces of Liberia from at least 2007.
Kent Lockhart
Kent Lockhart (1963 – January 28, 2023) was an American professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the UTEP Miners and was drafted by the New York Knicks in the 1985 NBA draft. He had a three-year career in the National Basketball League (NBL) in Australia for the Eastside Spectres, where he was a two-time All-NBL Team recipient.

National Basketball League (Australia)
The National Basketball League (NBL) is a men's professional basketball league in Australasia, currently composed of ten teams: nine in Australia and one in New Zealand. It is the premier professional men's basketball league in Australia and New Zealand. The league was played in the Australian winter until 1998 when it switched to summer seasons beginning with the 1998–99 season. The NBL's regular season runs from September to February, with each team playing 33 games. The league's finals extends into March to April, culminating with the Championship grand final series.
Pave Penny
The Lockheed Martin AN/AAS-35(V) Pave Penny is a laser spot tracker carried by US Air Force attack aircraft and fighter-bombers enabling them to track a laser spot on the ground. It is a receiver only, allowing the pilot to see which targets are marked by a laser designator.

Pave Penny does not produce a laser beam and cannot be used to designate targets, designed for use with laser designators on the ground or on other aircraft. PAVE was later used as an backronym meaning Precision Avionics Vectoring Equipment.

LANTIRN
LANTIRN (Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night) is a combined navigation and targeting pod system for use on the United States Air Force fighter aircraft—the F-15E Strike Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon (Block 40/42 C & D models) manufactured by Martin Marietta (Lockheed Martin after the 1995 merger). LANTIRN significantly increases the combat effectiveness of these aircraft, allowing them to fly at low altitudes, at night and under-the-weather to attack ground targets with a variety of precision-guided weapons.
Nick Sakai
Nick Sakai is an American actor and producer.  He has been seen in High Maintenance, The Affair, Orange Is The New Black, and other shows.  He produced, directed and starred in his own short films, Ms Kiss and Three Minute Love Affair. His 2010 film 12, a parody of 24, became a YouTube sensation and was premiered at the 2010 Comic-Con. He also associate produced (and acted in) The Professor starring Betsy Brandt and Rick Peters. The film won the Best Action/Adventure short at the 2014 San Diego Comic-Con.

He studied with Suzanne Shepherd (Requiem for a Dream, The Sopranos), Maggie Flanigan at William Esper Studio, James Price, Loyd Williamson and Larry Moss.

On stage, he appeared in Off Broadway production of "The Shanghai Gesture", produced by Mirror Repertory Company, directed by Robert Kalfin, starring Tina Chen and Larry Pine plus many others in New York City.

The Affair (TV series)
The Affair is an American drama television series created by Sarah Treem and Hagai Levi. The series premiered on Showtime on October 12, 2014.   It ran for five seasons, concluding with its final episode on November 3, 2019.

The series primarily stars Dominic West, Ruth Wilson, Maura Tierney, and Joshua Jackson, and it explores the emotional effects of extramarital relationships. Episodes are often separated into two parts, with each half being told from the point of view of a specific character. The use of this dramatic device has been used by Treem to describe The Affair as "the Rashomon of relationship dramas".

The series won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama and Wilson won for Best Actress – Television Series Drama at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015. At the 73rd Golden Globe Awards in 2016, Maura Tierney won the award for Best Supporting Actress.
Lea, Cheshire
Lea is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Doddington and District, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, which lies to the north east of Audlem and to the south of Crewe. The parish was predominantly rural, but it includes the hamlet of Lea Forge (at SJ707486). Nearby villages include Betley, Blakenhall, Hough, Walgherton and Wybunbury.

According to the 2001 census, it had a population of 25. At the time of the 2011 Census the population remained less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Blakenhall, Cheshire.

Hough, Cheshire
Hough (/hʌf/ huf) is a village (at SJ712509) and former civil parish, now in the parish of Hough and Chorlton, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The village is 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Crewe and 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Nantwich. The parish also included part of the settlement of Goodalls Corner. The total population is a little over 800, measured at 808 in the 2011 Census. Nearby villages include Basford, Chorlton, Shavington, Weston and Wybunbury.
Dabitum
Dabitum, also transliterated as Dabîtum or Dabītum, was a slave-girl who lived in Sippar during the Old Babylonian period (c. 1900–1600 BC). She is known today for her letter to her slave master concerning a miscarriage, both for the inherent tragedy of the letter and for its striking stylistic features. Her life is otherwise completely unknown; it is possible that she is the same person as another Dabitum who was a former slave in the reign of Hammurabi (c. 1792–1750 BC) and is attested in legal documents from Sippar.

Old Babylonian Empire
The Old Babylonian Empire, or First Babylonian Empire, is dated to c. 1894–1595 BC, and comes after the end of Sumerian power with the destruction of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and the subsequent Isin-Larsa period. The chronology of the first dynasty of Babylonia is debated; there is a Babylonian King List A and also a Babylonian King List B, with generally longer regnal lengths. In this chronology, the regnal years of List A are used due to their wide usage.
Jeremaiya Tamanisau
Jeremaiya Tuilevu Tamanisau, (born September 11, 1982 in Sigatoka), is a Fijian rugby union footballer. He plays as a wing for the Rugby Club Toulonnais.

In 2005, Tamanisau played for his local club, Belovula and in 2006 to 2007 played for Nadroga in the Digicel Cup. He was selected into the Fiji Barbarians team for the Pacific Rugby Cup after he impressed the selectors while playing for the Coastal Stallions in the Colonial Cup and in 2007 was selected for the Fiji Warriors team. He was part of the 2006 and 2007 Stallions Colonial cup winning team. He was selected by the Rugby Club Toulonnais soon after for the 2007-08 Rugby Pro D2 season, where he played 13 matches for them scoring 4 tries. In 2009 Tamanisau signed a one-year contract with the Bordeaux Bègles.

Nadroga-Navosa Province
Nadroga-Navosa (Nadroga: Nadroga-Navoha) is one of the fourteen provinces of Fiji and one of eight based in Viti Levu, Fiji's largest island. It is about 2,385 square kilometers and occupies the South-West and Central areas of Viti Levu, Fiji's principal island. The province includes the Mamanuca Archipelago, Malolo Islands, off the west coast of Viti Levu, Vatulele (or Vahilele in the Nadroga dialect), as well as the remote Conway Reef in the southwest.
The CIA and September 11
The CIA and September 11 (German: Die CIA und der 11. September) is a 2003 non-fiction book by  Andreas von Bülow, a former state-secretary in the German Federal Ministry of Defence and a Social Democratic member of the Bundestag from 1969 to 1994. The book disputes al-Qaeda's responsibility for the September 11 attacks and suggests that it may have instead been a false flag operation arranged by the U.S. federal government and Israel.  The book has enjoyed considerable commercial success in Germany, where it is published by Piper Verlag, and has sold over 100,000 copies. However, it has faced allegations ranging from absurdity and fostering anti-Americanism, to antisemitism, while the quality of its sourcing and the timing of its publication have given rise to debate within the German publishing industry. In subsequent media appearances, Bülow has defended his work, and strongly denied that its content is antisemitic.

Piper Verlag
Piper Verlag is a German publisher based in Munich, printing both fiction and non-fiction works. It currently prints over 200 new paperback titles per year. Authors published by the company include Andreas von Bülow and Sara Paretsky. It is owned by the Swedish media conglomerate Bonnier. It was founded in 1904 by 24-year-old Reinhard Piper (1879–1953).
1738 English cricket season
As in 1737, Kent was the strongest county team in the 1738 English cricket season. London Cricket Club is featured in most of the surviving match reports. Chislehurst Cricket Club and Horsmonden Cricket Club became prominent. The earliest reference to cricket in the county of Dorset has been found. Details of eight matches are known.

London Cricket Club
The original London Cricket Club was formed in 1722 and was one of the foremost clubs in English cricket over the next four decades, holding important match status. It is closely associated with the Artillery Ground, where it played most of its home matches.
Saveetha Amaravati University
Saveetha Amaravati University is  a state private university located in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Established in 2018, it is the third private university to be established in Amaravati, following SRM University, Andhra Pradesh and VIT-AP University. The university offers undergraduate studies in health sciences.

SRM University, Andhra Pradesh
SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh (SRMAP) is a state private university located near Neerukonda village in Mangalagiri mandal of Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh, India, in the area of the planned capital city Amaravati. The university was established in 2017 by the SRM Trust through the Andhra Pradesh Private Universities (Establishment and Regulation) Act, 2016. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate courses and Ph.D programmes in engineering, liberal arts and basic sciences.
Apna Paraya
Apna Paraya is a Bollywood film. It was released in 1942. The film starred Shahu Modak, Hansa Wadkar, Dulari, Kayam Ali, Sankatha Prasad and Shakuntala. It was directed by Ramchandra Thakur for National Studios. The music was composed by Anil Biswas and lyrics written by Pandit Indra.

Shahu Modak
Shahu Modak (25 April 1918 – 11 May 1993) was an Indian actor who acted in many Hindi as well as Marathi movies. Shahu Modak was mostly famous for the mythological characters that he played. He mostly played the roles of Krishna, and Jñāneśvar.
Williams diagram
In combustion, Williams diagram refers to a classification diagram of different turbulent combustion regimes in a plane, having turbulent Reynolds number  as the x-axis and turbulent Damköhler number  as the y-axis. The diagram is named after Forman A. Williams (1985). The definition of the two non-dimensionaless numbers are

where  is the rms turbulent velocity flucturation,  is the integral length scale,  is the kinematic viscosity and  is the chemical time scale. The Reynolds number  based on the Taylor microscale  becomes . The Damköhler number based on the Kolmogorov time scale  is given by . The Karlovitz number  is defined by .

The Williams diagram is universal in the sense that it is applicable to both premixed and non-premixed combustion. In supersonic combustion and detonations, the diagram becomes three-dimensional due to the addition of the Mach number  as the z-axis, where  is the sound speed.

Karlovitz number
In combustion, the Karlovitz number is defined as the ratio of chemical time scale  to Kolmogorov time scale , named after Béla Karlovitz. The number reads as

.

In premixed turbulent combustion, the chemical time scale can be defined as , where  is the thermal diffusivity and  is the laminar flame speed and the flame thickness is given by , in which case,

where  is the Kolmogorov scale. The Karlovitz number is related to Damköhler number as

if the Damköhler number is defined with Kolmogorov scale. If , the premixed turbulent flame falls into the category of corrugated flamelets and wrinkled flamelets, otherwise into the thin reaction zone or broken reaction zone flames.
Central African Republic women's national football team
The Central African Republic women's national football team represents the Central African Republic (CAR) in international women's football. It is governed by the Central African Football Federation. It played its first international matches in 2018 in the Cup of Nations qualifiers. The country's youth national team has played in several matches and events, including an Under-19 World Cup qualifying competition in which the team lost in the semi-finals. As is the case across Africa, the women's game faces numerous challenges. Football was only formally organised in 2000, and there are only 400 players competing at the national level.

Central African Football Federation
The Central African Football Federation (French: Fédération Centrafricaine de Football) (RCA) is the governing body of football in the Central African Republic. It was founded in 1961, affiliated to FIFA in 1964.  The offices of the RCA are located in Bangui, the capital city.  The federation organizes the national football leagues, including the Central African Republic League, and the national team.
Lu Shin Wong
Lu Shin Wong is a senior lecturer in the Department of Chemistry at The University of Manchester. His research in general is based on industrial biotechnology and materials chemistry, specifically on nanofabrication and biocatalysis.

Nanolithography
Nanolithography (NL) is a growing field of techniques within nanotechnology dealing with the engineering (patterning e.g. etching, depositing, writing, printing etc) of nanometer-scale structures on various materials.

The modern term reflects on a design of structures built in range of 10−9 to 10−6 meters, i.e. nanometer scale. Essentially, the field is a derivative of lithography, only covering very small structures. All NL methods can be categorized into four groups: photo lithography, scanning lithography, soft lithography and other miscellaneous techniques.
Witchcraft X: Mistress of the Craft
Witchcraft X: Mistress of the Craft is a 1998 American horror film directed by Elisar Cabrera and starring Stephanie Beaton, Wendy Cooper, and Eileen Daly. The tenth film in the Witchcraft series, it was produced by Vista Street Entertainment. The movie is followed by Witchcraft XI: Sisters in Blood.

Witchcraft XI: Sisters in Blood
Witchcraft XI: Sisters in Blood is a 2000 American horror film directed by Ron Ford and starring Miranda O'dell, Lauren Ian Richards, and James Servais. The eleventh film in the Witchcraft series, it was produced by Vista Street Entertainment. The film is followed by Witchcraft XII: In the Lair of the Serpent.
10ml Love
10ml Love (stylized as 10ml LOVE) is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by Sharat Katariya and produced by Sunil Joshi and starring Rajat Kapoor, Tisca Chopra, Purab Kohli, Koel Purie, Tara Sharma, and Neil Bhoopalam. Inspired by William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream (whose sources include Ovid's Metamorphoses and Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Knight's Tale"), it is a contemporary story set in an Indian milieu.

Tara Sharma
Tara Sharma (born 11 January 1977) is an Indo-British actress, entrepreneur, creator, co-producer and host of The Tara Sharma Show. She is the daughter of authors Partap Sharma and Susan Sharma. She made her Bollywood debut in Anupam Kher directorial debut Om Jai Jagadish in 2002. Then she went onto star in various commercially and critically hit films like Masti (2004), Page 3 (2005), Khosla Ka Ghosla (2006), Maharathi (2008), Mumbai Cutting (2009), Dulha Mil Gaya (2010) and Kadakh (2019). Apart from Hindi films, she has appeared in English television shows and English films like Raven: The Secret Temple (2007) and The Other End of the Line (2008).
Johanna Rasmussen
Johanna Maria Baltensperger Rasmussen (born 2 July 1983) is a Danish football manager and former professional footballer who played for the Denmark women's national football team. Rasmussen has served as the assistant manager for Denmark since 2021.

Ramussen last played for Linköpings FC in the Damallsvenskan. She was nominated for the Denmark Women's Player of the Year award in 2008. She played as a forward and wore the number 13 shirt for Denmark.

Linköping FC
Linköping Football Club (Swedish: [ˈlɪnːˌɕøːpɪŋ]) is an association football club from Linköping, Sweden. The club was established in 2003 when Kenty DFF women's football club decided to merge with the premier division ice hockey club Linköping HC under the new name Linköping FC. The club's goal was both to establish women's football as a sport in Linköping and eventually become one of the top four teams.
Prairie Giant
Prairie Giant: The Tommy Douglas Story is a CBC Television miniseries first aired in two consecutive parts on March 12 and March 13, 2006. It dramatizes and fictionalizes the life and career of Tommy Douglas, the Canadian politician who oversaw the legislation of Canada's first public healthcare program as Premier of Saskatchewan. The production is directed by John N. Smith and produced by Kevin DeWalt with Minds Eye Entertainment.

Kevin DeWalt
Kevin DeWalt (born 1957) is a Canadian film and television producer based in Regina, Saskatchewan. He is the former president of the International Quorum of Motion Picture Producers and the past Chairman of the Canadian Film and Television Production Association. DeWalt has produced over 60 films and television shows such as A Score to Settle, The Englishman's Boy, Forsaken and The Tall Man. He is the founder and the CEO of Minds Eye Entertainment, a Canadian film production and distribution company.
Christian Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt
Christian Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt (1 April 1616 – 10 September 1666) was  Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.  From 1642 until his death, he ruled a part of the County around his residence in Arnstadt.

Arnstadt
Arnstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈaʁnˌʃtat] ⓘ) is a town in Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany, on the river Gera about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Erfurt, the capital of Thuringia. Arnstadt is one of the oldest towns in Thuringia, and has a well-preserved historic centre with a partially preserved town wall. The town is nicknamed Das Tor zum Thüringer Wald ("The Gateway to the Thuringian Forest") because of its location on the northern edge of that forest. Arnstadt has a population of approximately 27,000.
Navarasa (soundtrack)
Navarasa is the soundtrack album for the Netflix original series of the same name jointly created by Mani Ratnam and Jayendra Panchapakesan. The series consists of nine short films based on the nine Indian aesthetics and has music composed by A. R. Rahman, Santhosh Narayanan, Sundaramurthy KS, Rajesh Murugesan, Karthik, Ron Ethan Yohann, Govind Vasantha, Justin Prabhakaran and Vishal Bhardwaj.

Govind Vasantha
Govind Vasantha (born 29 October 1988) is an Indian composer, singer, and violinist who works predominantly in Malayalam and Tamil films. He is one of the founding members of the musical band Thaikkudam Bridge, in which he is a vocalist and violinist. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil for his work in 96.
Trikonic
Trikonic, is a proposed method of philosophical analysis-synthesis. It is based on Charles Sanders Peirce's "trichotomic", which he described in 1888 as "the art of making three-fold divisions". Trikonic, or "diagrammatic trichotomic", was developed by Gary Richmond in 2005.

Semiosis
Semiosis (from Ancient Greek  σημείωσις (sēmeíōsis), from  σημειῶ (sēmeiô) 'to mark'), or sign process, is any form of activity, conduct, or process that involves signs, including the production of meaning. A sign is anything that communicates a meaning, that is not the sign itself, to the interpreter of the sign. The meaning can be intentional such as a word uttered with a specific meaning, or unintentional, such as a symptom being a sign of a particular medical condition. Signs can communicate through any of the senses, visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, or taste.

The term was introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) to describe a process that interprets signs as referring to their objects, as described in his theory of sign relations, or semiotics. Other theories of sign processes are sometimes carried out under the heading of semiology, following on the work of Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913).
Pazhassi Dam
The Pazhassi Dam also called Kuyilur Barrage is a stone masonry diversion structure in Kannur district, Kerala, India. It is named after king Pazhassi Raja, a patriot who died a heroic death in the war. The dam is constructed across the west flowing Bavali river near Veliyambra. It was commissioned by Prime Minister Morarji Desai in 1979. It mainly functions as an irrigation dam, serving a command area of 11,525 hectares (28,480 acres) in Iritty taluk of the Kannur District. The water from this dam also meets the drinking water requirement of Kannur district. The dam site and the reservoir are known for their scenery.

Iritty
Iritty is a municipality and taluk in Kannur district of Kerala state, India. The town is the main market place for the farmer communities in the surrounding regions. Iritty is at a distance of 20 km (12 mi) from Kannur International Airport and one among five taluks in Kannur district. Iritty is one of the major towns that lies between Coorg and Kannur International Airport near Mattanur.
The Girl in Tails (1956 film)
The Girl in Tails (Swedish: Flickan i frack) is a 1956 Swedish comedy film directed by Arne Mattsson and starring Maj-Britt Nilsson, Folke Sundquist and Anders Henrikson. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Nils Nilsson. It was based on the 1925 novel of the same name by Hjalmar Bergman. The novel was previously also adapted into a 1926 silent film of the same title.

The Girl in Tails (1926 film)
The Girl in Tails (Swedish: Flickan i frack) is a 1926 Swedish silent comedy drama film directed by Karin Swanström, one of Sweden's first female directors at the time. It stars Einar Axelsson, Magda Holm and Nils Aréhn. It was based on the 1925 novel Flickan i frack by Hjalmar Bergman.