hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Darwinian threshold
Darwinian threshold or Darwinian transition is a term introduced by Carl Woese to describe a transition period during the evolution of the first cells when genetic transmission moves from a predominantly horizontal mode to a vertical mode. The process starts when the ancestors of the Last Universal Common Ancestor (the LUCA) are no longer primarily dependent on horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer (HGT) and become individual entities with vertical heredity upon which natural selection is effective. After this transition, life is characterized by genealogies that have a modern tree-like phylogeny.

Heredity
Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents. Through heredity, variations between individuals can accumulate and cause species to evolve by natural selection. The study of heredity in biology is genetics.
Hiraç Yagan
Hiraç Yagan (Armenian: Հրաչ Յագան, born 3 January 1989) is a retired football midfielder. Born in Belgium, he represented Armenia at international level. He is currently the sporting director of Stade Lausanne Ouchy.

Armenia national football team
The Armenia national football team (Armenian: Հայաստանի ֆուտբոլի ազգային հավաքական) represents Armenia in men's international football, and is controlled by the Football Federation of Armenia, the governing body for football in Armenia.

After gaining independence from the Soviet Union, the team played its first international match on 12 October 1992. The national team has participated in the qualification of every major tournament from the UEFA Euro 1996 onwards, though they are yet to qualify for the final stages of either a UEFA European Football Championship or a FIFA World Cup. The team's main achievements have been third-place finish in the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying stage, and being promoted to the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League B.

The primary training ground is at the Technical Center-Academy of the Football Federation of Armenia in the northern Avan District of the capital Yerevan, and the team plays their home matches at the Republican Stadium.
Famvatnet
Famvatnet (Norwegian) or Faepmiejaevrie (Southern Sami) is a lake in Hattfjelldal Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The lake is located about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) east of Røsvatnet and about 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) west of the border with Sweden. The nearby lake Krutvatnet lies about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the south.

Røsvatnet
Røsvatnet (Norwegian) or Reevhtse (Southern Sami) is a lake and reservoir in Hattfjelldal Municipality and Hemnes Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It has been the site of human occupation since the Stone Age. Its area of 219 square kilometres (85 sq mi) makes it the second largest lake in Norway by surface area. Without the dam which has regulated the lake since 1957, it would be 190 square kilometres (73 sq mi) and the third largest lake in Norway. Its depth is 240 metres (790 ft), its volume is estimated at 15 cubic kilometres (3.6 cu mi), and its surface elevation is 374 metres (1,227 ft) above sea level.
XHCDMX-FM
XHCDMX-FM, known as Violeta Radio, was a community radio station on 106.1 FM in Mexico City. The station described itself as a "feminist" radio station; its concession was held by Alianza por el Derecho Humano de las Mujeres a Comunicar, A.C. ("Alliance for the Human Right of Women to Communicate"), a civil association formed by several women's organizations and activists. The concession was awarded in 2017, and XHCDMX-FM began broadcasting in March 2019. The station's concession was surrendered to the Federal Telecommunications Institute on October 14, 2024, amid a dispute between members of the civil association.

Federal Telecommunications Institute
The Federal Telecommunications Institute (Spanish: Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones; IFT) was an independent government agency of Mexico charged with the regulation of telecommunications and broadcasting services. It was formed on September 10, 2013, as part of larger reforms to Mexican telecom regulations, and replaced the Federal Telecommunications Commission (Cofetel). The IFT was shuttered on October 17, 2025 to make room for the Comisión Reguladora de Telecomunicaciones.
Nancy O'Driscoll
Ann 'Nancy' O'Driscoll is a former camogie player, captain of the All Ireland Camogie Championship winning team in 1978 and captain of the All Ireland junior winning team of 1973. She made her senior debut in 1974, played in that year's replayed All Ireland final and won a second All Ireland senior medal in 1980. She played field hockey for Ireland and also excelled at badminton.

All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship is a competition for inter-county teams in the women's field sport of game of camogie played in Ireland. The series of games are organised by the Camogie Association and are played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Camogie Final being played in Croke Park, Dublin. The prize for the winning team is the O'Duffy Cup.

The men's equivalent tournament is the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship.
Adrien Taquet
Adrien Taquet (French pronunciation: [adʁijɛ̃ takɛ]; born 3 January 1977) is a French politician of La République En Marche! (LREM) who served as Secretary of State for Child Protection in the governments of successive Prime Ministers Édouard Philippe and Jean Castex from 2019 to 2022. From 2017 until 2019, he was a member of the French National Assembly, representing the department of Hauts-de-Seine.

Jean Castex
Jean Castex ([ʒɑ̃ kastɛks] ⓘ; born 25 June 1965) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 3 July 2020 to 16 May 2022. He was a member of The Republicans (LR) until 2020. Castex served for twelve years as mayor of the small town of Prades prior to his appointment as prime minister by President Emmanuel Macron. He resigned his post ahead of the 2022 legislative election. After leaving public office, he served as president of the state-owned RATP from 2022 to 2025, and has served as president of the SNCF since November 2025.
The Real McCoy (McCoy Tyner album)
The Real McCoy is the seventh album by jazz pianist McCoy Tyner and his first released on the Blue Note label. It was recorded on April 21, 1967, two years after Tyner's departure from the John Coltrane Quartet and during a difficult period in which Tyner considered leaving jazz and taking a day job as a cab driver. It features performances by Tyner with tenor saxophonist Joe Henderson, bassist  Ron Carter, and former Coltrane Quartet drummer Elvin Jones. Producer Alfred Lion recalls the recording session as a "pure jazz session. There is absolutely no concession to commercialism, and there's a deep, passionate love for the music embedded in each of the selections."

In the additional liner notes to the 1999 remastered edition of the album, Bob Blumenthal writes: "Tyner chose to pursue the modal, rhythmically complex direction that the Coltrane quartet had staked out prior to the saxophonist's turn toward freer structures in 1965."

Joe Henderson
Joe Henderson (April 24, 1937 – June 30, 2001) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and very occasional flute player. In a career spanning more than four decades, Henderson played with many of the leading American players of his day and recorded for several prominent labels, including Blue Note, Milestone, Contemporary Records and Verve.
Gable Mountain
Gable Mountain (9,262 feet (2,823 m)) is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Gable Mountain is in the northeastern section of Glacier National Park, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of the prominent Chief Mountain.

Lewis Range
The Lewis Range is a mountain range located in the Rocky Mountains of northern Montana, United States and extreme southern Alberta, Canada. It was formed as a result of the Lewis Overthrust, a geologic thrust fault involving the overlying of younger Cretaceous rocks by older Proterozoic rocks. The range is located within Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta, Canada and Glacier National Park and the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex in Montana, United States. The highest peak is Mount Cleveland at 10,479 ft (3,194 m).
Tory Taylor
Tory Taylor (born 7 October 1997) is an Australian professional American football punter for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college American football for the Iowa Hawkeyes, winning the 2023 Ray Guy Award and being named a unanimous All-American prior to being selected by the Bears in the fourth round of the 2024 NFL draft.

Ray Guy Award
The Ray Guy Award is presented annually to college football's most outstanding punter as adjudged by the Augusta Sports Council. The award is named after punter Ray Guy, an All-American for Southern Mississippi and an All-Pro in the National Football League for the Oakland Raiders. The Ray Guy Award winner is determined by a national selection committee of football writers, FBS college coaches, sports information directors, and past Ray Guy Award winners.
Cachet (horse)
Cachet (foaled 21 March 2019) is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. As a two-year-old in 2021 she won only one minor race but showed promising form as she finished second in the Rockfel Stakes, third in the Fillies' Mile and third in the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf. In the following spring she improved to win the Nell Gwyn Stakes and the 1000 Guineas.

Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf
The Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf is a one-mile turf stakes race for thoroughbred fillies two years old. As its name implies, it is part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships, the de facto year-end championship for North American thoroughbred racing.

The race was run for the first time in 2008 during the first day of Breeders' Cup racing at that year's host track, Santa Anita Park. Because of technical requirements, it was not eligible for classification as a graded stakes race in its first two runnings. The American Graded Stakes Committee made it a Grade II race in 2010. Effective with the 2012 edition, it became a Grade I race.
Beatrice Beeby
Beatrice Eleanor Beeby (née Newnham; 1903 – 20 December 1991) was a New Zealand educator. She was key figure in the establishment of the nursery playcentre movement in New Zealand, which developed into the present-day Playcentre organisation.

Playcentre Aotearoa
Playcentre Aotearoa is an early childhood education and parent cooperative organisation which operates parent-led early childhood education centres throughout New Zealand. While the concept originated in New Zealand, it is now also established in Japan.

Their mission is stated as "Whānau Tupu Ngātahi - Families growing together."
Nafrat Ki Aandhi
Nafrat Ki Aandhi  (transl. Storm Of Hatred) is a 1989 Hindi-language action film, Produced by Ratan Irani on Shree Jagdamba Movies Combines banner and directed by Mehul Kumar. It stars Dharmendra, Jeetendra, Anita Raj, Madhavi in lead roles and music composed by Bappi Lahiri.

Anita Raj
Anita Raj Khurana (born 28 February 1963) is an Indian actress and the daughter of well-known actor Jagdish Raj. Her notable films include Prem Geet (1981), Zara Si Zindagi (1983), Naukar Biwi Ka (1983),  Zameen Aasman (1984), Ghulami (1985) and Mazloom (1986). Anita is also known for playing Priyamvada Singh in the TV Series Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani and Kulwant Kaur Dhillon in Choti Sarrdaarni. Currently she is seen as Kaveri Poddar in Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai.
19th Fighter Squadron
The 19th Fighter Squadron is a United States Air Force fighter squadron and is a part of the Pacific Air Forces' (PACAF) 15th Wing based at Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, Hawaii.

The squadron is one of the oldest in the United States Air Force, its origins dating to 14 June 1917, being organized at Kelly Field, Texas.  It served overseas in France as part of the American Expeditionary Force during World War I. The squadron saw combat during World War II, and became part of the Tactical Air Command during the Cold War.

Today the 19th FS operates the F-22 Raptor aircraft conducting offensive and defensive counterair (air-to-air) missions, as well as strategic attack, interdiction, and suppression of enemy air defenses. The 19th FS is an active associate total force integration (TFI) unit augmenting the 199th FS in support of Operation Noble Eagle and taskings in the INDOPACOM area of responsibility.

Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam
Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam (JBPHH) (IATA: HNL, ICAO: PHNL, FAA LID: HNL) is a United States military base on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. It is an amalgamation of the United States Air Force's Hickam Air Force Base and the United States Navy's Naval Station Pearl Harbor, which were merged in 2010.

Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam is one of twelve Joint Bases the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission created.

It is part of Navy Region Hawaii and provides Navy and joint operations Base Operating Support that is capabilities-based and integrated.
Žiogaičiai, Kėdainiai
Žiogaičiai (formerly Russian: Жьогайчяй, Polish: Żygowicze) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 14 people. It is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from Nociūnai, by the Mėkla and the Vadavė rivers, next to the A8 highway.

Nociūnai
Nociūnai (formerly Russian: Нацуны, Polish: Nacuny) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality of Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had 304 residents. It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from Kėdainiai, by the Barupė river, next to the crossroad of the Jonava-Šeduva (KK144) road and A8 highway. The village contains a library, a community center, a former school, a cemetery, and an ancient burial site.
Onesimus
Onesimus (Ancient Greek: Ὀνήσιμος, romanized: Onēsimos, meaning "useful") was a Christian mentioned in the New Testament. He was a slave to Philemon, a Christian, and is the subject of Paul's Epistle to Philemon.

He may also be the same Onesimus mentioned by Ignatius of Antioch (died c. 107) as bishop in Ephesus. Eastern Orthodox tradition also list an Onesimus as the third bishop of Byzantium.

Ignatius of Antioch
Ignatius of Antioch (/ɪɡˈneɪʃəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἰγνάτιος Ἀντιοχείας, romanized: Ignátios Antiokheías; died c. 108/140), also known as Ignatius Theophorus (Ἰγνάτιος ὁ Θεοφόρος, Ignátios ho Theophóros, 'the God-bearing'), was an early Christian writer and the Patriarch of Antioch. While en route to Rome, where he met his martyrdom, Ignatius wrote a series of letters. This correspondence forms a central part of a later collection of works by the Apostolic Fathers. He is considered one of the three most important of these, together with Clement of Rome and Polycarp. Although the authenticity of his letters has been questioned, they continue to serve as an example of early Christian theology, and address important topics including ecclesiology, the sacraments, and the role of bishops.
Kelly's Garden
Kelly's Garden was a site used by the Royal Air Force in the Falkland Islands. Situated near to Port San Carlos, on the North-West Coast of East Falkland. The site is close to where the British Task Force landed to retake the Falkland Islands from the invading Argentine Forces on 21 May 1982.

Following the Falklands War, Chinook helicopters from No. 7 Squadron RAF and No. 18 Squadron RAF flew from Kelly's Garden as 'ChinDet Falkland Islands', later renamed as No. 1310 (Tactical Support) Flight RAF (1310 Flt). Later 1310 Flt was amalgamated with No. 1564 Flight RAF (1564 Flt) to form No. 78 Squadron RAF (78 Sqn) at RAF Mount Pleasant, moving from Kelly's Garden, RAF Navy Point and RAF Stanley.

Air defence of Port San Carlos and Kelly's Garden was provided by 30 Battery (Rogers's Company) a Royal Artillery detachment of Rapier surface-to-air missiles.

The origin of the name Kelly's Garden is not known, but may have been named by Irish Guards resident at the site.

RAF Navy Point
RAF Navy Point was a Royal Air Force base in the Falkland Islands. Set on a peninsula on which Canopus Hill, Stanley Airport and Gypsy Cove lie, together with a narrow spit of land known as Navy Point, which effectively divides Port William from Stanley Harbour. A small detachment of RAF SAR (search and rescue) Helicopters of No. 1564 Flight RAF were based here until the Detachment was moved to RAF Mount Pleasant when the new base opened.
Natalia Eremina
Natalia Eremina (Latvian: Natālija Jerjomina; born March 23, 1967, in Riga) is a Latvian chess player who won the Latvian Chess Championship for women in 1988.

In 1980s, Natalia Eremina has been a steady participant in Latvian Chess Championship finals for women (1983–1990). She won 4th place in 1985, and 3rd place in 1989 but in 1988 she won the title of champion, ahead of all the Latvian women chess strongest players: Anda Šafranska, Ingūna Erneste, Ilze Rubene, Ingrīda Priedīte, Astra Goldmane, Tamāra Vilerte, Vija Rožlapa, Sarma Sedleniece. Natalia Eremina played for Latvia in Spartakiada of USSR in Minsk in 1986, at third women board. In the early 1990s she retired from an active chess life.

Ingrīda Priedīte
Ingrīda Priedīte (née Bērziņa, born March 13, 1954, in Rīga) is a Latvian female chess player who holds the ICCF title of Lady Grandmaster (LGM, 1997) and the FIDE title of Woman FIDE Master (WFM, 2014). She is a two-time winner of the Latvian Chess Championship for women (1973 and 1979).

Priedīte started to play chess at the age of 9. She won the Latvian Junior championship in 1970, Riga women championship in 1972, Latvian Student championship in 1974 and 1977, and achieved Master title in 1976.

In her later years, Priedīte is also an excellent correspondence chess player.  She was second in the 5th Ladies World Championship final (1993–1998).

Priedīte graduated from the Latvian University and is an economist by profession. After Latvian restoration of independence in 1991 she was the first General-Secretary of the Latvian Chess Federation.
Battle of Morton's Ford
The Battle of Morton's Ford was a battle of the American Civil War, fought February 6–7, 1864.

To distract attention from a planned cavalry-infantry raid up the Virginia Peninsula on Richmond, the Union Army of the Potomac forced several crossings of the Rapidan River on February 6, 1864. Units of the II Corps under Maj. Gen. John C. Caldwell crossed at Morton's Ford, the I Corps at Raccoon Ford, and Union cavalry at Robertson's Ford. Confederate Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia resisted the crossings, with sporadic fighting and the most severe fighting at Morton's Ford. By February 7, 1864, the attacks had stalled, and the Union army withdrew during the night, with the results of the battle inconclusive.

Army of Northern Virginia
The Army of Northern Virginia was a field army of the Confederate States Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union's Army of the Potomac.
Dirty Rice (album)
Dirty Rice is the sixth full-length studio album by California ska punk band Mad Caddies, released on May 13, 2014. This was the band's first full-length album in over seven years, following 2007's Keep It Going. After a few years of writing and pre-production, the band had 25 songs completed. They met with Fat Mike in September, 2013 to help sort through the collection, resulting in a list narrowed down to the 12 songs appearing on the album.

Keep It Going
Keep It Going is the fifth full-length studio album by California ska punk band Mad Caddies, released on May 1, 2007 on CD. It was pressed on vinyl in 2014 in both colored and black variants.

Keep It Going features production work from Grammy Award-winning producer Wayne Jobson (No Doubt, Gregory Isaacs, Toots & the Maytals) and a guest appearance from reggae musician Duckie Simpson (Black Uhuru) on a cover of Delroy Wilson's song "Riding For a Fall". The album features additional guest appearances by trumpeter Dana Heitman, organist Dustin Lanker, and saxophonists Ian Early and Sean Flannery, all of the Oregon rock/ska/swing band the Cherry Poppin' Daddies.

The cover art is a photo of the Spirit of New Orleans Brass Band, led by Layton Martens (19 February 1943 – 18 March 2000), who is at left on trombone. Anthony "Tuba Fats" Lacen (15 September 1950 – 11 January 2004) stands at right.
Filipp Mironov
Filipp Kuzmich Mironov (Russian: Филипп Кузьмич Миронов; 1872–1921) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader during and after the Russian Revolution. He actively supported the idea of democracy in the form of the Soviet Republic, was one of the first commanders in the Red Army. Mironov was commander of the Cavalry Corps and refused to subordinate himself to the orders of the Southern Front Command. He had organised a mutiny with 5,000 Red Guards in 1919.

In response, he was trialled in a military tribunal organised by Trotsky and initially sentenced to death for military insubordination. He was pardoned on the eve of this execution due to the intervention of Trotsky and Lenin, but later re-arrested on charges for conspiring to organise an insurrection against the Soviet government. According to historian Laura Engelstein, the documents do not specify "if the charges had any foundation". Mironov was shot by the Cheka in Moscow.

Laura Engelstein
Laura Engelstein is an American historian who specializes in Russian and European history. She serves as Henry S. McNeil Professor Emerita of Russian History at Yale University and taught at Cornell University and Princeton University.
2024 Desert Diamond Casino West Valley 100
The 2024 Desert Diamond Casino West Valley 100 was the 12th and final stock car race of the 2024 ARCA Menards Series West season, and the 52nd iteration of the event. The race was held on Friday, November 8, 2024, at Phoenix Raceway in Avondale, Arizona, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent tri-oval shaped racetrack. The race took the scheduled 100 laps to complete. Connor Zilisch, driving for Pinnacle Racing Group, would put on a dominant performance, leading the most laps and earning his first career ARCA Menards Series West win in his first career West Series start. To fill out the podium, William Sawalich, driving for Joe Gibbs Racing, and Sean Hingorani, driving for Venturini Motorsports, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

Despite finishing in third, Sean Hingorani would claim the 2024 ARCA Menards Series West championship. This was Hingorani's second championship, winning it the year before and the second championship for Venturini Motorsports in the West Series.

2024 ARCA Menards Series West
The 2024 ARCA Menards Series West was the 71st season of the ARCA Menards Series West, a regional stock car racing series sanctioned by NASCAR in the United States. The season began on March 8 at Phoenix Raceway with the General Tire 150 and ended with the Desert Diamond Casino West Valley 100, also at Phoenix Raceway, on November 8.

Sean Hingorani entered the season as the defending ARCA West champion. At the conclusion of the season finale at Phoenix, Hingorani of Venturini Motorsports became the back to back ARCA West champion.