hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Giorgio de' Buondelmonti
Giorgio de' Buondelmonti (Greek: Γεώργιος Μπουοντελμόντι, romanized: Geōrgios Bouontelmonti, c. 1403–after 1435) was the ruler of Ioannina for twenty days in 1411, under the regency of his mother Jevdokija Balšić.

After spending several years in exile, Giorgio reappears in the sources as the Byzantine court official George Izaoul (Greek: Γεώργιος 'ζαοúλ, romanized: Geōrgios Izaoul). Under this name, Giorgio married into the greater Byzantine imperial family and served as a companion of Demetrios Palaiologos, son of Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos. Giorgio remained involved in the affairs of the imperial family, as well as those of the Republic of Ragusa, until at least the 1430s.

Manuel II Palaiologos
Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Μανουὴλ Παλαιολόγος, romanized: Manouḗl Palaiológos, pronounced [ma.nuˈil pa.le.oˈlo.ɣos]; 27 June 1350 – 21 July 1425) was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425. Shortly before his death he was tonsured a monk and received the name Matthaios (Ματθαίος). Manuel was a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, which sometimes threatened to capture his territory outright. Accordingly he continued his father's practice of soliciting Western European aid against the Ottomans, and personally visited several foreign courts to plead his cause. These efforts failed, although an Ottoman civil war and Byzantine victories against Latin neighbors helped Manuel's government survive and slightly expand its influence. His wife Helena Dragaš saw to it that their sons, John VIII and Constantine XI, became emperors. He is commemorated by the Greek Orthodox Church on 21 July.
Academic integrity
Academic integrity is a moral code or ethical policy of academia. Academic integrity supports the enactment of educational values through behaviours such as the  avoidance of cheating, plagiarism, and contract cheating, as well as the maintenance of academic standards; honesty and rigor in research and academic publishing.

The term was popularized by Rutgers University professor Donald McCabe who is considered to be the "grandfather of academic integrity".  Other academic integrity scholars and advocates include Tracey Bretag (Australia), Cath Ellis (Australia), Sarah Elaine Eaton (Canada), Thomas Lancaster (UK), Tomáš Foltýnek (Czech Republic), and Tricia Bertram Gallant (US).

Academic honor code
An academic honor code or honor system in the United States is a set of rules or ethical principles governing an academic community based on ideals that define what constitutes honorable behaviour within that community.  The use of an honor code depends on the notion that people (at least within the community) can be trusted to act honorably.  Those who are in violation of the honor code can be subject to various sanctions, including expulsion from the institution. or in other words, honor code is like a pledge taken by students to the effect that they will uphold academic integrity and ethical behavior and will not engage in any kind of cheating, stealing, and misrepresentation. One of the first such codes was created at the College of William & Mary in the early 18th Century.
B. R. Pettit
Billy Ray Pettit (1947–2006) was an American sculptor, best known for his bronze sculptures, which feature the rugged mountain men of the American West. His style was realistic, and much of his work portrayed aspects of pioneer life, the joys of the Rocky Mountain Rendezvous, and American Indian themes.

During his lifetime, Pettit created about seventeen bronze sculptures, with the most famous being "Old Bill" Williams. The eight-foot monument stands as a sentinel in the town of Williams, Arizona, the "gateway to the Grand Canyon." The statue has become an icon of historic Route 66. Pettit experienced fame when Senator Barry Goldwater unveiled the monument on April 26, 1980.  The Bill Williams Mountain Men presented a 16-inch version of the sculpture to newly inaugurated President Ronald Reagan in January 1981, who kept it in the Oval Office.

Williams, Arizona
Williams is a city in Coconino County, Arizona, United States, located west of Flagstaff. As of the 2020 census, Williams had a population of 3,202. It lies on the routes of Historic Route 66 and Interstate 40. It is also the southern terminus of the Grand Canyon Railway, which takes visitors to Grand Canyon Village.

Also known as the "Gateway to the Grand Canyon", Williams was the last city on Historic Route 66 to be bypassed by Interstate 40.

The Historic Downtown District covers six square blocks.
Man of the East
Man of the East (Italian: E poi lo chiamarono il magnifico) is a 1972 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by E.B. Clutcher starring Terence Hill.

The film is set in the Wild West during the time of the railway construction. A recurring theme is the always progressing modernisation which some of the protagonists are trying to escape. The original title E poi lo chiamarono il Magnifico (translatable as And then they called him the Magnificent One) was chosen to capitalize on the success of the two previous movies by E.B. Clutcher, both starring Terrence Hill, They Call Me Trinity and Trinity Is Still My Name, even if in this movies there are different characters and Bud Spencer, historic sidekick of Terrence Hill/Trinity, is not featured.

They Call Me Trinity
They Call Me Trinity (Italian: Lo chiamavano Trinità...) is a 1970 spaghetti Western comedy film written and directed by Enzo Barboni (under the pseudonym of E.B. Clucher) and produced by Italo Zingarelli. The film stars the duo of Terence Hill and Bud Spencer as half-brothers Trinity and Bambino, who help defend a Mormon settlement from Mexican bandits and the henchmen of the land-grabbing Major Harriman. It was filmed on location in Campo Imperatore, Abruzzo, Italy, with financial backing from West Film.

A sequel, Trinity Is Still My Name, was more successful than They Call Me Trinity. In 1995, Sons of Trinity, starring Heath Kizzier and Keith Neubert,  was released as a continuation of the Trinity series.
Cligès
Cligès (also Cligés) is a poem by the medieval French poet Chrétien de Troyes, dating from around 1176. It is the second of his five Arthurian romances; Erec and Enide, Cligès, Yvain, Lancelot and Perceval. The poem tells the story of the knight Cligès and his love for his uncle's wife, Fenice.

Erec and Enide
Erec and Enide (French: Érec et Énide) is the first of Chrétien de Troyes' five romance poems, completed around 1170. It is one of three completed works by the author. Erec and Enide tells the story of the marriage of the titular characters, as well as the journey they go on to restore Erec's reputation as a knight after he remains inactive for too long. Consisting of about 7000 lines of Old French, the poem is one of the earliest known Arthurian romances in any language, predated only by the Welsh prose narrative Culhwch and Olwen.
The Dukes (film)
The Dukes is a 2007 comedy-drama film about a group of has-been musicians who attempt a bank heist. The film was directed by Robert Davi, and stars Chazz Palminteri, Robert Davi, Peter Bogdanovich, Frank D'Amico and Elya Baskin.

Chazz Palminteri
Calogero Lorenzo "Chazz" Palminteri (born May 15, 1952) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter, and playwright. He is best known for his film roles in A Bronx Tale (1993), based on his play of the same name, along with Bullets Over Broadway (1994) for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and 
The Usual Suspects (1995).
His recent work includes his recurring role as Shorty in Modern Family (2010–2019).

His other films include Mulholland Falls (1996), A Night at the Roxbury (1998), Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure (2001), Little Man (2006), Once Upon a Time in Queens (2013), and Legend (2015). He is also known for his recurring roles in Wiseguy (1989), Kojak (2005), Rizzoli & Isles (2010–2014) and Godfather of Harlem (2019–2021).
United Nations Security Council Resolution 532
United Nations Security Council resolution 532, adopted almost unanimously on 31 May 1983, after hearing a report from the Secretary-General and reaffirming resolutions 301 (1971), 385 (1976), 431 (1978), 432 (1978), 435 (1978) and 439 (1978), the Council condemned South Africa's continued occupation of Namibia, then known as South West Africa. All voted in favour other than France, who abstained.

The resolution called upon South Africa to make firm commitments for the independence of Namibia, including the provisions of free and fair elections, under Resolution 435. It also called on the Secretary-General to report on the results of the consultations no later than 31 August 1983.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 432
United Nations Security Council Resolution 432, adopted unanimously on July 27, 1978, after reaffirming previous resolutions on the topic including 385 (1976), the Council urged for respect of Namibia's territorial integrity by South Africa and called for the full integration of Walvis Bay back into Namibia. The town had been directly administered by South Africa.
Tilsa Tsuchiya
Tilsa Tsuchiya Castillo (September 24, 1928 – September 23, 1984) was a Peruvian printmaker and painter known for her paintings of Peruvian myths and legends. She is considered one of the greatest exemplars of Peruvian painting, having won the prestigious Bienal of Teknoquimica Prize for painting. Her teacher, Ricardo Grau, had also been presented the Bienal award in a previous year. Tsuchiya graduated from the Escuela Nacional Superior Autónoma de Bellas Artes of Peru in 1959. Tsuchiya’s work addressed the contemporary issues of gender and identity and has been linked to earlier Surrealists.

National Superior Autonomous School of Fine Arts, Lima
The National Superior Autonomous School of Fine Arts (Spanish: Escuela Nacional Superior Autónoma de Bellas Artes del Perú, ENSABAP) is a fine art school in Lima, Peru. It is located in Barrios Altos, a suburb of Lima District. It was founded in 1918, by President José Pardo y Barreda and Peruvian painter Daniel Hernández Morillo, who was its first director. It is located in a monumental building built in the early 1940s.

The National School of Fine Arts of Peru is a public institution of higher education with university status, meaning that grants the academic degree of Bachelor and bachelor's degree in their respective careers.
Carrie Tubb
Caroline Elizabeth Tubb (17 May 1876 – 20 September 1976) was an English soprano of the early 20th century, and later a teacher of singing at the Guildhall School of Music. She made her debut at London's Royal Opera House in 1910, where she appeared in such works as Elektra and Hänsel und Gretel. With Thomas Beecham's opera company at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, she sang in Die Fledermaus, The Marriage of Figaro and The Tales of Hoffmann. Later, she mostly appeared on the concert platform, including at 54 Prom concerts and at the major British music festivals. She also made some early recordings. Around 1930 she retired from singing and began teaching. On her hundredth birthday she was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Music.

Die Fledermaus
Die Fledermaus (German: [diː ˈfleːdɐˌmaʊs], The Bat, sometimes called The Revenge of the Bat) is an operetta composed by Johann Strauss II to a German libretto by Karl Haffner and Richard Genée, which premiered in 1874.
Decaisnina hollrungii
Decaisnina hollrungii is a species of flowering plant, an epiphytic hemiparasitic plant of the family Loranthaceae native to the New Guinea, Queensland, Australia, and in the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands.

In Queensland, D. hollrungii is found in rainforest and in dense coastal scrub on a wide range of hosts.

Decaisnina
Decaisnina is a genus of semi-parasitic shrubs (mistletoes) that occur in Australia. The type species is D. glauca. Around thirty species are known, found from northern Australia to Tahiti and the Philippines.
V Sport
V Sport is the common brand of several sports channels targeting the Nordic countries, owned by Viaplay Group. The brand has been introduced in June 2020, replacing the former brands Viasat Sport and Viasport (Norway only). Its main competitors are TV 2 Sport (Denmark), MTV Urheilu (Finland), TV 2 Sport (Norway), TV4 Sport (Sweden) and Eurosport.

V Sport Motor
V Sport Motor is a Swedish motorsport channel that launched on 17 October 2008.

Events broadcast on the channel include Formula One, NASCAR, IndyCar, GP2, WRC, European Rallycross Championship, Formula 1 boat, Offshore Class 1, 24 hours of Nürburgring and MotoGP.

In 2020, the channel's name was changed from Viasat Motor to V Sport Motor.
Zaïre (play)
Zaïre (French pronunciation: [za.iʁ]; The Tragedy of Zara) is a five-act tragedy in verse by Voltaire. Written in three weeks, it was given its first public performance on 13 August 1732 by the Comédie française in Paris. It was a great success with the Paris audiences and marked a turning away from tragedies caused by a fatal flaw in the protagonist's character to ones based on pathos. The tragic fate of its heroine is caused not through any fault of her own, but by the jealousy of her Muslim lover and the intolerance of her fellow Christians. Zaïre was notably revived in 1874 with Sarah Bernhardt in the title role, and it was the only one of Voltaire's plays to be performed by the Comédie française during the 20th century. The play was widely performed in Britain well into the 19th century in an English adaptation by Aaron Hill and was the inspiration for at least thirteen operas.

Pathos
Pathos appeals to the emotions and ideals of the audience and elicits feelings that already reside in them. Pathos is a term most often used in rhetoric (in which it is considered one of the three modes of persuasion, alongside ethos and logos), as well as in literature, film and other narrative art.
Jarveon Howard
Jarveon LeQuez Howard (born November 13, 1999) is an American professional football running back for the St. Louis Battlehawks of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football for the Syracuse Orange and Alcorn State Braves.

St. Louis Battlehawks
The St. Louis Battlehawks (stylized as BattleHawks before 2023) are a professional American football team based in St. Louis. The team was a founding member of the XFL but today competes in the United Football League (UFL). It was founded by Vince McMahon’s Alpha Entertainment and are owned and operated by Dwayne Johnson's Alpha Acquico and Fox Corporation. The Battlehawks play their home games at The Dome at America's Center. The team has a franchise regular-season record of 25–10 (.714), as of its 2025 season.
Red Friday
On Friday 31 July 1925 the British government agreed to the demands of the Miners Federation of Great Britain to provide a subsidy to the mining industry to maintain miners' wages. The Daily Herald called this day Red Friday; a union defeat four years earlier had been called "Black Friday". The 1926 General Strike followed nine months later.

1926 United Kingdom general strike
A general strike took place in the United Kingdom from 4 to 12 May 1926. It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the British government to act to prevent wage reductions and worsening conditions for 1.2 million locked-out coal miners. Some 1.7 million workers went out, especially in transport and heavy industry.

It was a sympathy strike, with many of those who were not miners and not directly affected striking to support the locked-out miners. The government was well prepared, and enlisted middle- and upper-class volunteers to maintain essential services. There was little violence and the TUC gave up in defeat.
Stand on the Sich (1679)
The Stand on the Sich took place between the Ottoman-Crimean army led by Pasha Kara-Muhammad and the Zaporozhian Cossacks led by Ivan Sirko, on the Lobodukha tract between islands, outside of Sich, in 1679.

Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate, self-defined as the Throne of Crimea and Desht-i Kipchak, and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary, was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783. Established by Hacı I Giray in 1441.

In 1783, violating the 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (which had guaranteed non-interference of both Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the affairs of the Crimean Khanate), the Russian Empire annexed the khanate. Among the European powers, only France came out with an open protest against this act, due to the longstanding Franco-Ottoman alliance.
Lee Seon-ae
Lee Seon-ae is a South Korean women jurist, who serves as Justice of the Constitutional Court of Korea since 2017. She was nominated by Supreme Court chief Yang Sung-tae and appointed by acting President Hwang Kyo-ahn. She is regarded as moderate group among nine Justices of the Constitutional Court.

Constitutional Court of Korea
The Constitutional Court of Korea (Korean: 헌법재판소; Hanja: 憲法裁判所) is a constitutional court of South Korea, seated in Jongno, Seoul. It is one of the two apex courts – along with the Supreme Court – in South Korea's judiciary that mainly exercises constitutional review. Composed of nine justices, the court has the power to nullify unconstitutional laws, remove impeached officials from office, dissolve antidemocratic political parties, oversee disputes on powers of public authorities, and handle constitutional complaints.
Jordan Swing
Jordan Tyler Swing (born December 31, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Birmingham Squadron of the NBA G League. He played college basketball for Western Kentucky and UAB before playing professionally in the NBA G League, Australia, Spain, Belgium, Israel, Germany, Mexico, Ukraine and Puerto Rico.

UAB Blazers men's basketball
The UAB Blazers men's basketball team represents the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) in NCAA Division I men's college basketball, with the 2023–24 season being the Blazers' first as members of the American Athletic Conference. The Blazers play home games at Bartow Arena and are coached by Andy Kennedy. UAB has appeared 17 times in the NCAA men's basketball tournament and most recently appeared in 2024.
S. C. Jain
Suresh Chand Jain (5 December 1926 – 10 December 2009) was an Indian physicist and director of the Defence Research and Development Organization. Known for his research in solid state physics, Jain was an elected fellow of the Indian National Science Academy and National Academy of Sciences, India. In 1966, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to physical sciences.

National Academy of Sciences, India
The National Academy of Sciences, India, also known as NASI, was established in 1930 and is the oldest science academy of India. It is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Prof. Meghnad Saha was the founder president.
Waco metropolitan area
The Waco metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of McLennan, Falls and Bosque counties in Central Texas, anchored by the city of Waco. As of the 1 April 2020 census (which includes all 3 Counties), the MSA had a population of 295,782.  The 2024 population estimate was 307,123 which includes Bosque County (added to the Waco MSA in 2023).

Bosque County, Texas
Bosque County (/ˈbɒski/ BOSS-kee) is a county located in the greater Waco area. The county sits just northwest of Waco in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,235.  Its county seat is Meridian, while Clifton is the largest city of the county. The county is named for the Bosque River, which runs through the center of the county north to south. The Brazos River makes up the eastern border, along with the Lake Whitney reservoir it feeds.

Since 2015, Bosque County has been represented in the Texas House of Representatives by Republican DeWayne Burns. The previous 10-year representative was Republican Rob Orr of Burleson.
County of Chandos
The County of Chandos is one of the 49 cadastral counties of South Australia. It was proclaimed in 1893 and named by Governor Kintore for the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville who was appointed Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1867. It covers a large portion of the southern Mallee region, adjacent to the state border with Victoria in the state's south east.

The Pinnaroo railway line traverses the north of the county, passing from west to east from Parrakie through Pinnaroo into Victoria.

Pinnaroo, South Australia
Pinnaroo is a town in the Murray Mallee region of South Australia, near the border with Victoria, 243 km east of Adelaide. Pinnaroo is on the north side of the Mallee Highway, and on the railway line between Tailem Bend and Ouyen. The roadhouse on the highway at Pinnaroo is the first "food and leg-stretch" stop on the bus route from Adelaide to Sydney.
Aabach (Afte)
The Aabach (also: Große Aa) is a 14-kilometre-long (8.7 mi) river in Germany, a left tributary of the river Afte. It rises near the village Madfeld, part of the town Brilon, in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia near the border with Hesse. From there it flows north between mountains up to 503 metres (1,650 ft) high through a forested landscape, partly in the natural park Diemelsee. After a few kilometers it flows into the artificial lake Aabachstausee. It flows to the north and empties only about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) further north after Bad Wünnenberg, where it flows into the Afte.

The source of the Aabach is at the divide between the Weser and Rhine river basins: the Aabach flows to the north and drains into the Rhine via the Afte, Alme and Lippe, while the small rivers that rise on the southern side of the ridge drain into the Weser through the Hoppecke and Diemel.

Lippe (river)
The Lippe (German pronunciation: [ˈlɪpə] ⓘ) is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Rhine and 220.3 km (136.9 mi) in length with an elevation difference of 125 metres and a catchment area of 4.890 km².
The source is located at the edge of the Teutoburg Forest in Bad Lippspringe close to the city of Paderborn. It runs westward through Paderborn, Lippstadt and then along the northern edge of the Ruhr area, parallel to the river Emscher and river Ruhr. The river finally enters the Rhine at Wesel.
Pia Star
Pia Star (1961–1978) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who equaled a world record for one mile on dirt in winning the 1965 Equipoise Mile Handicap at Arlington Park in Chicago. In addition, he won the 1965 Brooklyn  and Suburban Handicaps and in 1966, the Widener Handicap at Hialeah Park Race Track in Florida.

He was bred by and raced by Ada L. Rice and trained by Clyde Troutt. When his racing days were over, Pia Star was retired to stud. Among others winners, he sired San Antonio Handicap winner Poley  and was the damsire of Mom's Command and of Star of Cozzene.

Mom's Command
Mom's Command (March 14, 1982 – February 3, 2007) was a multiple Grade I-winning American Thoroughbred race horse. In a two-year career, she won eleven of her sixteen races.  In 1985, she was voted American Champion Three-Year-Old Filly at the Eclipse Awards.