hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lative case
In grammar, the lative (/ˈleɪtɪv/ LAY-tiv; abbreviated LAT) is a grammatical case which indicates motion to a location. It corresponds to the English prepositions "to" and "into". The lative case belongs to the group of the general local cases together with the locative and separative case. The term derives from the Latin lat-, the supine stem of ferre, "to bring, carry".

The lative case is typical of the Uralic languages and it was one of the Proto-Uralic cases. It still exists in many Uralic languages, such as Finnish, Erzya, Moksha, and Meadow Mari.

It is also found in the Dido languages, such as Tsez, Bezhta, and Khwarshi, as well as in the South Caucasian languages, such as Laz or Lazuri (see Laz grammar).

Meadow Mari language
Meadow Mari, also known as Meadow-Eastern Mari, or Eastern Mari, is a standardised dialect of the Mari language used by about half a million people mostly in European Russia. Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, and Russian are official languages in the republic of Mari El in the Russian Federation.

Meadow Mari and Eastern Mari are distinct language varieties, which both use the Meadow Mari literary standard. The main differences between Meadow Mari and Hill Mari are phonological, and to a lesser extent, morphological.
Panchanan Mitra
Panchanan Mitra (Bengali: পঞ্চানন মিত্র) (25 May 1892 – 25 July 1936) was an Indian professor of anthropology. He was succeeded by Sarat Chandra Mitra(1863-1938) and B.S.Guha(1894-1961).  He was among the first Indians to study at Yale University and conducted several anthropological expeditions in India and abroad. He was the head of the Department of Anthropology of the University of Calcutta and is most known for his works Prehistoric India (1923), History of Ameri-can Anthropology (1930) and Indo-Poly-nesian Memories (1933). He was awarded the Fellowship of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland and today the Asiatic Society awards an annual 'Panchanan Mitra Memorial Lectureship' for outstanding contributions to anthropology.

Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (RAI) is a long-established anthropological organisation, and Learned Society, with a global membership. Its remit includes all the component fields of anthropology, such as biological anthropology, evolutionary anthropology, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, visual anthropology and medical anthropology, as well as sub-specialisms within these, and interests shared with neighbouring disciplines such as human genetics, archaeology and linguistics. It seeks to combine a tradition of scholarship with services to anthropologists, including students.

The RAI promotes the public understanding of anthropology, as well as the contribution anthropology can make to public affairs and social issues. It includes within its constituency not only academic anthropologists, but also those with a general interest in the subject, and those trained in anthropology who work in other fields.
Michael Truman
Michael Truman (25 February 1916, in Bristol, England – 11 July 1972, in Newbury, Berkshire) was a British film producer, director and editor.

Educated at London University, he worked for Ealing Studios editing such films as It Always Rains on Sunday (1947) and Passport to Pimlico (1949) and latterly as producer of films like The Titfield Thunderbolt (1953). As a director, he mainly worked in television on such series as Danger Man.

In November 1956 it was announced he would adapt H.E. Bates' The Jacaranda Tree for Ealing-MGM, about the evacuation of British civilians in Burma. However it appears this film was not made.

Danger Man
Danger Man (retitled Secret Agent in the United States for the revived series, and Destination Danger and John Drake in other overseas markets) is a British television series that was broadcast between 1960 and 1962, and again between 1964 and 1968. The series featured Patrick McGoohan as secret agent John Drake. Ralph Smart created the programme and wrote many of the scripts. Danger Man was financed by Lew Grade's ITC Entertainment.
Lilbourne railway station
Lilbourne railway station was a railway station serving Lilbourne and nearby Catthorpe in Leicestershire, England. It was on the Rugby and Stamford Railway between Clifton Mill and Yelvertoft and Stanford Park.

In 1846, the directors of the London and Birmingham Railway gained Parliamentary powers for a branch from Rugby to the Syston and Peterborough Railway near Stamford. In the same year the company became part of the London and North Western Railway. The section from Rugby via Lilbourne to Market Harborough was opened in 1850. The line through Lilbourne was single track until it was doubled at the end of 1878.

The 1923 grouping made the LNWR part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway.

British Railways closed the station in 1966. All that remains is the trackbed and a platform.

Yelvertoft and Stanford Park railway station
Yelvertoft and Stanford Park railway station was a railway station that served the villages of Stanford-on-Avon and Yelvertoft in Northamptonshire, England. It was close to the stately home of Stanford Hall nearby in Leicestershire. It was opened as Stanford Hall on the Rugby and Stamford Railway in 1850.

Parliamentary approval was gained in 1846 by the directors of the London and Birmingham Railway for a branch from Rugby to the Syston and Peterborough Railway near Stamford. In the same year the company became part of the London and North Western Railway. The section from Rugby to Market Harborough, which included Yelvertoft, opened in 1850. Originally single track, it was doubled at the end of 1878.

At grouping in 1923 it became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway.
Fenia (food)
Fenia or Pheniyaan is a form of vermicelli from the Indian subcontinent, notably North India . Although similar to the vermicelli used in seviyan and falooda, pheniyaan are much thinner. They have a ritualistic importance for the Karva Chauth festival (celebrated in parts of Northern & Western India) where, along with Lapsi and dry fruits, they are part of the sargi ensemble consumed just before the fast associated with the festival begins.

Falooda
A falooda or faluda (IPA: [faːluːd̪aː]) is a Mughlai cold dessert made with vermicelli. It has origins in the Persian dish faloodeh, variants of which are found across West, Central, South and Southeast Asia. Traditionally it is made by mixing rose syrup, vermicelli, and sweet basil seeds with milk, often served with kulfi. The vermicelli used for preparing falooda is made from wheat, arrowroot, cornstarch, or sago.
Razali Kassim
Razali bin Kassim is a Malaysian politician and engineer who served as Member of the
Pahang State Executive Council (EXCO) in the Barisan Nasional (BN) state administration under Menteri Besar Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail since 2024 as well as Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Muadzam Shah since May 2018. He is a member of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of Barisan Nasional (BN). At the party level, he is the Secretary of the UMNO of Pahang.

Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail
Wan Rosdy bin Wan Ismail (Jawi: وان رسدي بن وان إسماعيل; born 1 October 1958) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 14th Menteri Besar of Pahang since May 2018 and Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Jelai since March 2004. He served as Member of the Pahang State Executive Council (EXCO) from March 2008 to May 2018. He is a member and State Chairman of Pahang of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He has also served as one of the Vice Presidents of UMNO since March 2023.
Marius Ștefănescu
Marius Ștefănescu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈmari.us ʃtefəˈnesku]; born 14 August 1998) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays as a winger or an attacking midfielder.

Ștefănescu spent the first part of his senior career at Sepsi OSK, for which he made his professional debut in 2019, aged 20. He totalled 160 appearances in the top league and aided them in winning four domestic trophies, before transferring to FCSB in 2024.

Internationally, Ștefănescu registered his full debut for Romania in June 2022, in a 0–3 UEFA Nations League loss to Montenegro.

UEFA Nations League
The UEFA Nations League is an international friendly European football competition played by the senior men's national teams of the member associations of UEFA, the sport's European governing body. The competition was devised to minimise friendlies and give nations competitive encounters with equally ranked teams. Teams from all the European associations compete in a league structure featuring promotion and relegation.

The first tournament was in September 2018, with the four group winners from League A qualifying for the first finals, played in Portugal in June 2019. The host team, Portugal defeated the Netherlands in the final to become the inaugural competition winners. In 2021 France won the trophy by beating Spain in the host country, and Italy achieved 3rd place by beating Belgium. In the 2023 tournament, Spain won by beating Croatia on penalties. The current champions are Portugal, who defeated holders Spain in the 2025 final to secure their second title.
Mad Love (Mabel song)
"Mad Love" is a song by English singer Mabel from her debut studio album, High Expectations (2019). She wrote the song with Camille Purcell and its producer Steve Mac, wanting to express mutual attraction in a simple way. It is an electropop track with bouncy synths, a quiet-loud dynamic and repetitive chorus hook.

The song was released by Polydor Records on 7 June 2019 as the album's second single and received generally positive reviews from music critics. "Mad Love" peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart, making it Mabel's third single to reach the top 10 in the UK. It also charted in the top 10 in Ireland and Poland, and the top 40 in Greece, Lithuania and the Netherlands. The accompanying music video, directed by Marc Klasfeld, shows the singer performing choreography with a float of dancers. from the theme from True to the Game 3.

Dynamics (music)
In music, the dynamics of a piece are the variation in loudness between notes or phrases. Dynamics are indicated by specific musical notation, often in some detail. However, dynamics markings require interpretation by the performer depending on the musical context:  a specific marking may correspond to a different volume between pieces or even sections of one piece. The execution of dynamics also extends beyond loudness to include changes in timbre and sometimes tempo rubato.
Scoop Stanisic
Vojislav "Scoop" Stanisic (Serbian: Војислав Станишић / Vojislav Stanišić; born March 6, 1978) is a retired soccer player who played as a goalkeeper. He was most recently the goalkeeping coach for Columbus Crew in Major League Soccer. He spent most of his career playing indoor soccer in the United States, but also played five outdoor seasons in the American Soccer League, American Professional Soccer League and USISL. He earned one cap with the US national team in 1993.

United States Interregional Soccer League
The United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) was a semi-professional men's outdoor soccer league that played six seasons from 1989 to 1994. It was the first outdoor league to be operated by the organization known today as the United Soccer League. Commencing play in 1989, it received Division 3 status from U.S. Soccer for its final season in 1994. It was split into the USISL Professional League and the amateur USISL Premier League in 1995. The Colorado Comets and Greensboro Dynamo were the most successful clubs in the league, winning two championships each.
COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia
The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Somalia on 16 March 2020 when the first case was confirmed in Mogadishu. The Somali Prime Minister, Hassan Ali Khaire announced that the government has set aside five million dollars to deal with the disease. The Somali Medical Association is concerned that the death toll in the country will be huge and that Somalia will not be able to recover from the economic effects due to poor working relations between central government and federal states which leads to lack of control by central government, as well and the lack of healthcare infrastructure. It has also been speculated that President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed may use the pandemic as an excuse to postpone elections. There have also been concerns over freedom of the press following arrests and intimidation of journalists who have been covering the pandemic in Somalia.

Hassan Ali Khaire
Mohamed Hassan Ali Khaire (or alternatively transliterated as Hassan Ali Khayre; Somali: Xasan Cali Khayre; Arabic: حسن علي خيري; also popularly known as Hassan Khaire; born April 15, 1968) is a former prime minister of Somalia. He was appointed on 23 February 2017 by Somalia President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed "Farmaajo" and resigned on Saturday July 25, 2020 after MPs passed a disputed vote of no confidence.

Khaire is a former oil executive. He has been a regional director of the Norwegian Refugee Council charity and served as the director of the British oil company Soma Oil and Gas.
Dick Smith Foods
Dick Smith Foods was a food brand created by Australian entrepreneur Dick Smith to provide Australian owned and produced alternatives to products from foreign-owned food companies. Generally, the brand focused on producing local alternatives to products with large market shares like Kraft peanut butter and Vegemite. However, Dick Smith Foods did not manufacture its own food products; instead, it sourced products from other Australian-owned companies, which licensed the Dick Smith Foods brand label. Dick Smith Foods also donated a portion of its profits to charitable causes.

On 26 July 2018, Dick Smith announced that the business would close in 2019, blaming competition from German supermarket Aldi.

Aldi
Aldi (German pronunciation: [ˈaldiː] ⓘ, stylized in all caps) is the common company brand name of two German multinational family-owned discount supermarket chains operating over 13,500 stores in 18 countries. The chain was founded by brothers Karl and Theo Albrecht in 1946, when they took over their mother's store in Essen. The business was split into two separate groups in 1960 that later became Aldi Nord (initially Northern West Germany), headquartered in Essen, and Aldi Süd (initially Southern West Germany), headquartered in neighbouring Mülheim.

In 1962, they introduced the name Aldi (a syllabic abbreviation for "Albrecht Diskont"). In Germany, Aldi Nord and Aldi Süd have been financially and legally separate since 1966, although both divisions' names may appear as if they were a single enterprise with certain store brands or when negotiating with contractor companies.

Aldi is the chief competitor of the German discount chain Lidl in several markets.
Săcărâmb mine
The Săcărâmb mine is a large open pit mine in the west of Romania in Hunedoara County, 30 km (19 mi) north of Deva and 400 km (250 mi) north of the capital, Bucharest. Săcărâmb represents a large gold deposit with estimated reserves of 530,000 oz (15,000 kg) of gold. The mine also has the only tellurium and selenium reserves in Romania, having around 10 million tonnes grading 0.24g/tonnes for both elements. The project is owned by the Toronto-based company Carpathian Gold in association with the Romanian company Deva Gold.

The project will involve the mining and processing of 0.53 million tonnes of ore per annum over an open pit life of 19 years. The open pit is expected to yield approximately 28,000 oz of gold per year in doré, reflecting an average total process recovery of 68% for gold.

Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.

Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful ore or rocks are found near the surface where the overburden is relatively thin. In contrast, deeper mineral deposits can be reached using underground mining.

This form of mining carries several risks to the health and safety of miners, and can have a significant negative impact on the environment.
Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma
Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma (Michel Marie Xavier Waldemar Georg Robert Karl Eymar de Bourbon-Parme; 4 March 1926 – 7 July 2018) was a French Prince, businessman, soldier and racing car driver, who was a member of the deposed sovereign royal and ducal House of Bourbon-Parma.

He was a son of Prince René of Bourbon-Parma and his wife Princess Margaret of Denmark. Paternally, he was a grandson of Robert I, Duke of Parma (1848–1907), while through his mother he was a great-grandson of Christian IX of Denmark. Prince Michel was also the younger brother of Anne of Romania.

Robert I, Duke of Parma
Robert I (Italian: Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria, French: Robert Charles Louis Marie, 9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907) was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 until 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the Risorgimento. He was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma and descended from Philip, Duke of Parma, the third son of King Philip V of Spain and Queen Elisabeth Farnese.
Medieval Arab attitudes to Black people
Attitudes of medieval Arabs to Black people varied over time and individual attitude, but tended to be negative. Though the Qur'an expresses no racial prejudice, ethnocentric prejudice towards black people is widely evident among medieval Arabs, for a variety of reasons: the declining power of the Aksumite Empire; Arabs' extensive conquests and slave trade; the influence of Aristotelian ideas regarding slavery, which some Muslim philosophers directed towards Zanj; and the influence of Judeo-Christian ideas regarding divisions among humankind. On the other hand, the Afro-Arab author Al-Jahiz, himself having a Zanj grandfather, wrote a book entitled Superiority of the Blacks to the Whites, and explained why the Zanj were black in terms of environmental determinism in the "On the Zanj" chapter of The Essays.

Mawla
Mawlā (Arabic: مَوْلَى; IPA: [maw.laː], plural mawālī مَوَالِي; [ma.waː.liː]), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.

Before the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the term applied to any form of tribal association.

In the Quran and hadiths it is used in multiple senses, including 'lord', 'guardian', and 'trustee'.

After Muhammad's death, the Umayyad dynasty accepted new converts to Islam into Arab-Muslim society and the word mawali gained currency as an appellation for converted non-Arab Muslims in the early Islamic caliphates.
Hédi Bouraoui
Hédi André Bouraoui CM (born July 16, 1932 in Sfax, Tunisia) is a Tunisian/Canadian poet, novelist and academic, who regularly deals with themes involving the transcendence of cultural boundaries.

Bouraoui was educated in France and in the United States, in French, English and American literature. In 1966, he joined the faculty at York University in Toronto, Ontario, where he teaches both French and English literature, specializing in African, Caribbean and franco-ontarian literatures. He also launched the Canada-Mediterranean Centre (CMC) at the university.

In May 2003, he was granted an honorary doctorate from Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario, in recognition of his contributions to Canadian and world literature. He has also received a number of literary awards in Canada, France, and Tunisia.

In 2018, he was named a member of the Order of Canada.

Laurentian University
Laurentian University (French: Université Laurentienne), officially Laurentian University of Sudbury, is a mid-sized bilingual public university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, incorporated on March 28, 1960. Laurentian offers a variety of undergraduate, graduate-level, and doctorate degrees. Laurentian is the largest bilingual provider of distance education in Canada. The university was formerly federated with Thorneloe University, Huntington University, and the University of Sudbury.  Laurentian severed the federation during 2021 insolvency proceedings, ending 60-year relationships, and triggering lawsuits.
History of magic
The history of magic extends from the earliest literate cultures, who relied on charms, divination and spells to interpret and influence the forces of nature. Even societies without written language left crafted artifacts, cave art and monuments that have been interpreted as having magical purpose. Magic and what would later be called science were often practiced together, with the notable examples of astrology and alchemy, before the Scientific Revolution of the late European Renaissance moved to separate science from magic on the basis of repeatable observation. Despite this loss of prestige, the use of magic has continued both in its traditional role, and among modern occultists who seek to adapt it for a scientific world.

Curse tablet
A curse tablet (Latin: tabella defixionis, defixio; Greek: κατάδεσμος, romanized: katadesmos) is a small tablet with a curse written on it from the Greco-Roman world. Its name originated from the Greek and Latin words for "pierce" and "bind". The tablets were used to ask the gods, place spirits, or the deceased to perform an action on a person or object, or otherwise compel the subject of the curse.
Lord of the Bling
"Lord of the Bling" is the thirteenth episode of the first season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars. Written by John Enbom and directed by Steve Gomer, the episode premiered on UPN on February 8, 2005, after nearly a one-month hiatus since the previous episode, "Clash of the Tritons".

The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective. In this episode, Veronica investigates the mysterious disappearance of her old friend, Yolanda (Jowharah Jones) when the girl's father approaches Keith (Enrico Colantoni) for help.

Jowharah Jones
Jowharah Jones (born 1982), also known as Jowharah Haddad-Jones, is an American actress and singer. She portrayed Nico Slater, daughter of Vanessa Williams' character, on the first season of the television series Ugly Betty.
Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa
Nana Oye Mansa Yeboaa, also known by the name Mrs. Theresa Owusu, is a Ghanaian traditional ruler, politician, public servant and diplomat. She is a woman chief in the Eastern Region of Ghana. She holds the title of the Dompiahene of the Akuapem Traditional Area. She was the deputy minister for Finance and Economic Planning, the first female deputy governor of the Bank of Ghana, and Ghana's ambassador to Belgium and the European Union.

Bank of Ghana
The Bank of Ghana (abbreviated as BoG) is the Central Bank of Ghana. It is located in Accra and was formed in 1957. The Bank of Ghana has Seven Regional Offices in addition to its head office in Accra. The regional offices are located in the following cities, Hohoe, Kumasi, Sunyani, Tamale, Takoradi, Bolgatanga, Wa. The regional offices are responsible for implementing the policies and directives of the Bank of Ghana in their respective regions. They also provide banking services to the government, financial institutions, and the public.

The bank is active in developing financial inclusion policies and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.