hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
De Danske Sukkerfabrikker
De Danske Sukkerfabrikker (lit. 'the Danish Sugar Factories') was a Danish sugar manufacturing company established in 1872 in Copenhagen, Denmark. It played a central role in the development of a thriving Danish sugar industry based on sugar beets from Lolland-Falster, Møn and Funen. The company merged with Danisco and De Danske Spritfabrikker in 1989. It then continued as Danisco Sugar Sector until 2011, when it was acquired by Nordzucker and renamed Nordic Sugar.

The Danish Sugar Museum in Nakskov contains an exhibition about the history of the company. A number of historic factories and warehouses have survived. These include a monumental warehouse at Applebys Plads in Copenhagen.

Nakskov
Nakskov is a market town on the island of Lolland in south Denmark. The town has a population of 12,200 (1 January 2025) and is the largest town on the island of Lolland. It is located in Lolland municipality in Region Sjælland.

Nakskov is situated on the western coast of the island of Lolland, one of the agriculturally richest of the Danish islands. It lies adjacent to the inner part of the Nakskov Fjord, an inlet from the Langeland Belt (Langelandsbælt) that runs between the islands of Lolland and Langeland. Nakskov Fjord is a wildlife reserve, known for its bird life. Nakskov is one of the most environmentally conscious and cleanest towns of Denmark. Technological and environmental enterprises have replaced the earlier heavy industries, and in recent years, local government has restored the town.
Penfield railway line
Penfield railway line was a railway in northern Adelaide which was built mainly for industrial purposes during World War II. It started just north of Salisbury station on the Gawler line, running north-west, then north,  through defence land in what is now Edinburgh. The line served four stations: Hilra, Penfield 1, Penfield 2, and Penfield 3. It was double track for the whole length, with a balloon loop at the end to allow trains to turn around.

Balloon loop
A balloon loop, turning loop, or reversing loop (North American Terminology) allows a rail vehicle or train to reverse direction without having to shunt or stop. Balloon loops can be useful for passenger trains and unit freight trains.

Balloon loops are common on tram and streetcar systems. Many streetcar and tram systems use single-ended vehicles that have doors on only one side and controls at only one end. These systems may also haul trailers with no controls in the rear car, and, as such, must be turned at each end of the route.
Call Me Mother (film)
Call Me Mother is a 2025 Philippine comedy drama film directed by Jun Robles Lana from a story and screenplay he co-wrote with Daisy G. Cayanan and Daniel S. Saniana (who also served as co-producer). Starring Vice Ganda and Nadine Lustre, the film follows a queer single mother who plans to legally adopt her foster son, but the process becomes complicated when the boy's biological mother unexpectedly shows up.

A co-production between Star Cinema, The IdeaFirst Company, and Viva Films, the film premiered at the 51st Metro Manila Film Festival on December 25, 2025. It marks Vice and Lustre's third film together since they last co-starred in the 2010 film Petrang Kabayo and in the 2015 film Beauty and the Bestie. The film received positive feedback from audience and critics and earned ₱392 million pesos nationwide, becoming the highest grossing Philippine film of 2025.

The IdeaFirst Company
The IdeaFirst Company (TIFC), commonly known as IdeaFirst, is a Filipino film, television production company and talent agency founded in 2014 by filmmakers Jun Robles Lana and Perci Intalan. The company focuses on film and television production, as well as artist management.

The company is best known for producing Bwakaw (2012), Die Beautiful (2016), Kalel, 15 (2019), Gameboys (2020), and And the Breadwinner Is... (2024).
Spot 42 RNA
Spot 42 (spf) RNA is a regulatory non-coding bacterial small RNA encoded by the spf (spot forty-two) gene. Spf is found in gammaproteobacteria and the majority of experimental work on Spot42 has been performed in Escherichia coli  and recently in Aliivibrio salmonicida. In the cell Spot42 plays essential roles as a regulator in carbohydrate metabolism and uptake, and its expression is activated by glucose, and inhibited by the cAMP-CRP complex.

The sRNA is transcribed from a separate promoter and binds to messenger RNA targets through imperfect base pairing. The half-life of Spot42 in vivo is 12 to 13 minutes at 37 °C. When grown in media supplemented with glucose, each cell contains 100–200 Spot42 copies. The corresponding level is however reduced 3–4-fold when cells are grown in succinate or when cAMP is added to cells grown in glucose.

Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand).
Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism.
German submarine U-578
German submarine U-578 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She carried out five patrols, sank four ships of 23,635 gross register tons (GRT) and sank a warship of 1,090 tons.

She was posted missing in the Bay of Biscay since 6 August 1942, with no explanation for her loss.

Bay of Biscay
The Bay of Biscay (/ˈbɪskeɪ, -ki/ BISS-kay, -⁠kee) also known as the Gulf of Biscay or the Gulf of Gascony is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and along the northern coast of Spain, extending westward to Cape Ortegal.

The average depth is 1,744 m (5,722 ft) and the greatest depth is 4,735 m (15,535 ft).
Liberal Era (Ecuador)
The Liberal Era (1895–1925) was a period during which Ecuador was governed by the Liberal Party. It began with the Liberal Revolution of 1895, led by Eloy Alfaro, who assumed office as Supreme Chief. The era ended in 1925 with the July Revolution, a military coup that removed the Liberals from power in response to a severe economic crisis.

Alfaro's administration sought to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church by reversing many of the privileges it had received during the conservative governments of President Gabriel García Moreno (1861–1875). Major reforms included the separation of church and state, the secularization of public education, and the legalization of civil marriage and divorce.

Catholic officials and their Conservative allies resisted these changes through political opposition, public denunciations, and armed uprisings.

Liberal Revolution of 1895
The Liberal Revolution of 1895 took place in Ecuador, and was a period of radical social and political upheaval. The Revolution started on June 5, 1895 and ultimately resulted in the overthrow of the conservative government, which had ruled Ecuador for several decades, by the Radical Liberals, led by Eloy Alfaro. After the revolution, the new government legalized divorce, allowed religious freedom, and weakened the authority of the Church, which lost the land it held.

The Revolution is often seen as marking the birth of modern Ecuador, with a new power structure that favored the Liberal Party, and new infrastructure projects such as the construction of a railway line between Quito and Guayaquil.
Mausala Parva
The Mausala Parva ("Episode of Flails") is the sixteenth of the eighteen parvas (books) of the Indian epic Mahabharata. It traditionally has nine chapters. The critical edition has eight chapters. It is one of the three shortest episodes within the epic.

The Mausala Parva describes the demise of Krishna in the 36th year after the Kurukshetra War had ended, the submersion of Dvaraka under the sea, the death of Balarama by drowning in the sea, Vasudeva's death, and a civil war fought among the Yadava clan that killed many of them. The story of infighting of the Yadavas becomes the reason why the Pandava brothers renounce their kingdom and begin their walk towards heaven, events recited in the last two books of the Mahabharata.

The Mausala Parva is significant for serving as a basis of archaeological studies for the Mahabharata, as well as being one of the eight Parvas found in Hindu culture of Java and Bali, Indonesia.

Kurukshetra War
The Kurukshetra War (Sanskrit: कुरुक्षेत्रयुद्ध), also called the Mahabharata War, is a war described in the Hindu epic poem Mahabharata, arising from a dynastic struggle between two groups of cousins, the Kauravas and the Pandavas, for the throne of Hastinapura. The war is used as the context for the dialogues of the Bhagavad Gita.
Natasha Shneider
Natalia Mikhailovna Schneiderman (Russian: Наталья Михайловна Шнайдерман, romanized: Natal'ya Mikhaylovna Shnayderman, IPA: [nɐˈtalʲjə mʲɪˈxajlɐvnə ˈʂnajdʲɪrmən]; May 22, 1956 – July 2, 2008), known as Natasha Shneider, was a Latvian-born Soviet-American musician and actress. She was most notably the keyboardist and vocalist in the band Eleven, along with her partner, bandmate Alain Johannes. Shneider contributed to tracks for Chris Cornell and Queens of the Stone Age, and together with Johannes toured with Cornell on his Euphoria Morning tour in 1999 and with Queens in 2005 on their Lullabies to Paralyze tour. She died of cancer in 2008.

Lullabies to Paralyze
Lullabies to Paralyze is the fourth studio album by American rock band Queens of the Stone Age, released on March 22, 2005. The album debuted at #5 on the Billboard 200, and sold 97,000 copies in America during its first week of release, eventually topping over 342,000 copies as of March, 2007 according to Nielsen Soundscan. The album has been certified gold in the UK, where it has sold over 100,000 units. It is also the band's first album to be released after bassist Nick Oliveri was fired from the band. Singer/guitarist Josh Homme and singer Mark Lanegan are the only members from the previous album, Songs for the Deaf, to play on this album and it is the first album to feature drummer Joey Castillo and guitarist Troy Van Leeuwen.
Dallas Dupree Young
Dallas Dupree Young (born October 25, 2006) is an American actor best known for his recurring role in The Fosters, and his starring role in the Nickelodeon sitcom Cousins for Life. In 2021, he joined the cast of the Netflix series Cobra Kai, a sequel to The Karate Kid films.

The Fosters (American TV series)
The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg. It premiered in the United States on June 3, 2013, on the ABC Family (later Freeform) television network and concluded on June 6, 2018. It followed the lives of the Adams-Foster family led by a lesbian couple, Stef Foster, a police officer, and Lena Adams, a school vice principal, who raise one biological son and four adopted teenagers in San Diego, California.

The first season received generally favorable reviews and particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes. It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award.

On January 3, 2018, Freeform announced that The Fosters would end after five seasons. It concluded with a three-episode finale, which also acted as an introduction to Good Trouble, the spin-off series starring Maia Mitchell and Cierra Ramirez.
Miller Arnold case
The Miller Arnold case (German: Müller-Arnold-Fall) is a landmark 18th-century German court case and cause célèbre during the reign of Frederick II that raised issues relating to the concept of judicial independence. It is an example of the Kabinettsjustiz (transl. cabinet justice) of Frederick II, as he personally intervened in a case which had already been adjudicated by the Prussian courts.

The case is named after the miller Christian Arnold who, together with his wife Rosine, pursued justice for an alleged upstream diversion of the water supply to his mill by a nobleman that rendered the mill inoperable. They lost all court cases that considered the matter, but when the couple turned to Frederick II, the king inter alia quashed the decisions of the Prussian courts, imprisoned some of the deciding judges, dismissed Maximilian von Fürst und Kupferberg, a leading figure in the administration of justice, and restored the mill and its water supply to the Arnolds.

Judicial independence
Judicial independence is the concept that the judiciary should be independent from the other branches of government, meaning that courts should not be subject to improper influence from those branches or from private or partisan interests. Judicial independence is an important component of the separation of powers.

Different countries deal with the idea of judicial independence through different means of judicial selection, that is, choosing judges. One method seen as promoting judicial independence is by granting life tenure or long tenure for judges, as it would ideally free them to decide cases and make rulings according to the rule of law and judicial discretion, even if those decisions are politically unpopular or opposed by powerful interests. This concept can be traced back to 18th-century England.
Brooklyn Bolts
The Brooklyn Bolts were a professional American football team based in Brooklyn, New York City, New York. They were a charter member of the Fall Experimental Football League (FXFL), which was trying to become the developmental league for the National Football League. They played their home games at MCU Park.

Fall Experimental Football League
The Fall Experimental Football League (FXFL) was a professional football minor league that played two seasons in 2014 and 2015.  This league's stated goal was to become a professional feeder-system for the National Football League (NFL).

The league claimed 44 out of 126 players ended up on NFL rosters. After the FXFL ceased operations, FXFL founder and CEO Brian Woods made another attempt at an NFL feeder-system by creating The Spring League in 2017.

Woods and the FXFL were subject to lawsuit after folding, claiming he did not pay players, assistant coaches, cheerleaders and officials. In 2019 Woods settled and agreed to pay the plaintiffs $300,000.
David Templeton
David Cooper Templeton (born 7 January 1989) is a Scottish  professional footballer who plays as a winger for Glasgow United.

Templeton played for Stenhousemuir, Raith Rovers, Heart of Midlothian, Hamilton Academical, Rangers, Burton Albion and Drumchapel United. He has represented Scotland at under-19 and under-21 levels.

Hamilton Academical F.C.
Hamilton Academical Football Club, often known as Hamilton Accies, or The Accies, is a Scottish football club from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, who currently compete in Scottish League One. They were established in 1874 from the school football team at Hamilton Academy and remain the only professional club in British football to have originated from a school team. Hamilton have won the Scottish Challenge Cup three times and have finished runners-up in the Scottish Cup twice. The club play their home games at Broadwood Stadium.
Bart Vriends
Bart Vriends (Dutch: [bɑrt ˈvrints]; born 9 May 1991) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Adelaide United in the A-League Men. He previously played for FC Utrecht, Go Ahead Eagles and most notably Sparta Rotterdam, having played over 200 games for the club.

Go Ahead Eagles
The Go Ahead Eagles are a Dutch professional football club from the city of Deventer in the province of Overijssel. They play in the Eredivisie, the top tier of Dutch football, having achieved promotion from the second tier Eerste Divisie in the 2020–21 season. The club's home stadium since 1920 is De Adelaarshorst. The club have won the national championship on four occasions: in 1917, 1922, 1930 and 1933. They also won the KNVB Cup in 2025 for the first time.

The Go Ahead Eagles have produced numerous notable players including Raimond van der Gouw, René Eijkelkamp, Marc Overmars, Paul Bosvelt, Jan Kromkamp, Victor Sikora, Bert van Marwijk and Demy de Zeeuw while providing Henk ten Cate, Erik ten Hag and Leo Beenhakker with their first tastes of management.
T. J. Carter (defensive lineman)
T. J. Carter (born September 15, 1998) is an American professional football defensive end for the Birmingham Stallions of the United Football League (UFL). He played college football at Kentucky and was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2020. He also spent time with the New Orleans Saints, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Los Angeles Rams.

Kentucky Wildcats football
The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football. The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The Wildcats play their home games at Kroger Field in Lexington, Kentucky and are led by first-year head coach Will Stein.
Anson G. Henry
Anson G. Henry (October 3, 1804 - July 30, 1865) was a physician and politician, who is best known for his friendship with Abraham Lincoln. Henry received patronage appointments to Oregon Territory through Lincoln from 1852 onwards, first as an Indian agent and then as Surveyor General of Washington Territory. He died when the steamer Brother Jonathan ran aground near Crescent City, California and sank.

Washington Territory
The Washington Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the portion of the Oregon Territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the Columbia. At its largest extent, it also included the entirety of modern Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming, before attaining its final boundaries in 1863.

The territory was named after George Washington, a Founding Father and first president of the United States.
Julie Hanna
Julie Hanna (born August 5, 1965) is an Egyptian-born technologist, entrepreneur, investor and board director. She serves as Executive Chair of the Board of Kiva., peer-peer lending and crowdfunding pioneer. She is Special Advisor to X (formerly Google X),  Alphabet's Moonshot Factory and Venture Partner at Obvious Ventures.

In May 2015, President Barack Obama named Hanna Presidential Ambassador for Global Entrepreneurship “to help develop the next generation of entrepreneurs.”

She is a former board member of the Esalen Institute and Mozilla Corporation and a founding executive of five Silicon Valley technology companies.

Escaping civil war during Black September in Jordan in 1970, she grew up in America and studied computer science at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

X Development
X Development LLC, doing business as X (formerly Google X), is an American semi-secret research and development facility and organization founded by Google in January 2010. X has its headquarters about a mile and a half from Google's corporate headquarters, the Googleplex, in Mountain View, California.

According to an official blog post from the company, X's mission is to "invent and launch 'moonshot' technologies that [they] hope could make the world a radically better place." A moonshot is defined by X as the intersection of a big problem, a radical solution, and breakthrough technology. Work at X is overseen by entrepreneur scientist Astro Teller, as CEO and "Captain of Moonshots". The lab started with the development of Google's self-driving car.
John O'Connor Power
John O'Connor Power (13 February 1846 – 21 February 1919) was an Irish Fenian and a Home Rule League and Irish Parliamentary Party politician and as MP in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland represented Mayo from June 1874 to 1885. From 1881, he practised as a barrister specialising in criminal law and campaigning for penal reform.

Tim Healy (politician)
Timothy Michael Healy, KC (17 May 1855 – 26 March 1931) was an Irish barrister, nationalist politician, journalist and author. His political career began in the 1880s when he became a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons and continued into the 1920s, when he was appointed as the first governor-general of the Irish Free State.
Töleñgıt
Töleñgit (also Töleñgüt, Teleñgit or Teleñget, from Kazakh: Төлеңгіт and Altay: Телеҥет) is a Kazakh clan which has served Kazakh khans and sultans. It is not a part of any of the Kazakh zhuzes. In the Ulus of the Kazakhs, it was a special class and reliable support of the Kazakh khans.

Jüz
A jüz (Modern Kazakh tribes) (/ˈ(d)ʒ(j)uːz/; Kazakh: ءجۇز  / жүз, pronounced [ʒʉz], also translated as 'horde') is one of the three main territorial and tribal divisions in the Kypchak Plain area that covers much of the contemporary Kazakhstan. It represents the main tribal division within the ethnic group of the Kazakhs.

The  Senior jüz (Kazakh: ۇلى ءجۇز, Ұлы Жүз, romanized: Ūly Jüz) covers territories of southern and southeastern Kazakhstan, northwestern China (Xinjiang) and parts of Uzbekistan.

The  Middle jüz (Kazakh: ورتا ءجۇز, Орта жүз, romanized: Orta Jüz) consists of six tribes, covering northern, central and eastern Kazakhstan, and northwestern China.

The  Junior jüz (Kazakh: كىشى ءجۇز, Кіші жүз, romanized: Kışı Jüz)) consists of three tribes, covering western Kazakhstan and eastern European  Russia (Orenburg Oblast).
John Ely (Iowa politician)
John Montague Ely Jr. (February 17, 1919 – March 30, 2007) was an American Democratic politician, purchasing agent, and civil rights activist who served two terms in the Iowa House of Representatives and Iowa State Senate from 1961 to 1969. Ely was instrumental in abolishing capital punishment in Iowa.

Iowa House of Representatives
41°35′28″N 93°36′14″W﻿ / ﻿41.591°N 93.604°W﻿ / 41.591; -93.604

The Iowa House of Representatives is the lower house of the Iowa General Assembly, the upper house being the Iowa Senate. There are 100 seats in the Iowa House of Representatives, representing 100 single-member districts across the state, formed by dividing the 50 Senate districts in half. Each district has a population of approximately 30,464 as of the 2010 United States census. The House of Representatives meets at the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines.

Unlike the upper house, the Iowa Senate, state House representatives serve two-year terms with the whole chamber up for re-election in even-numbered years. There are no term limits for the House.