hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Discontinuity layout optimization
Discontinuity layout optimization (DLO) is an engineering analysis procedure which can be used to directly establish the amount of load that can be carried by a solid or structure prior to collapse. Using DLO the layout of failure planes, or 'discontinuities', in a collapsing solid or structure are identified using mathematical optimization methods (hence the name, 'discontinuity layout optimization'). It is assumed that failure occurs in a ductile or 'plastic' manner.

Engineering analysis
Engineering analysis involves the application of scientific/mathematical analytic principles and processes to reveal the properties and state of a system, device or mechanism under study.

Engineering analysis is decompositional: it proceeds by separating the engineering design into the mechanisms of operation or failure, analyzing or estimating each component of the operation or failure mechanism in isolation, and re-combining the components according to basic physical principles and natural laws.
Jasbir Singh (politician)
Jasbir Singh (c. 1941 – 27 December 2019) was an Indian politician from Punjab belonging to Indian National Congress. He was a legislator of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He was a minister of the Punjab Government too.

Punjab Legislative Assembly
The Punjab Legislative Assembly or the Punjab Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the state of Punjab in India. The Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted in March 2022. At present, it consists of 117 members, directly elected from 117 single-seat constituencies.  The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner. The Speaker of the sixteenth assembly is Kultar Singh Sandhwan. The meeting place of the Legislative Assembly since 6 March 1961 is the Vidhan Bhavan in Chandigarh.
1994–95 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1994–95 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 25th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 14 August 1994 to 17 March 1995.

Sarsfields of Galway were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Athenry in the final of the 1994 Galway SHC. Naas of Kildare, St. Dominic's of Roscommon, Tullaroan of Kilkenny and Oulart-the Ballagh of Wexford made their first appearances in the championship.

The All-Ireland final, a replay, was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 2 April 1995, between Birr of Offaly and Dunloy of Antrim, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Birr won the match by 3–13 to 2–03 to claim a first title.

Kilmallock's Paddy Kelly was the championship's top scorer with 1–26.

1993–94 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1993–94 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 24th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 26 September 1993 to 17 March 1993.

Sarsfields entred the championship as the defending champions. Rathmolyon of Meath, Slaughtneil of Derry and Dicksboro of Kilkenny made their championship debuts.

The All-Ireland final was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 17 March 1994, between Sarsfields of Galway and Toomevara of Tipperary, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Sarsfields won the match by 1–14 to 3–06 to claim a second consecutive title.

Toomevara's Michael Nolan was the championship's top scorer with 1–38.
Sunspot, New Mexico
Sunspot is an unincorporated community in the Sacramento Mountains in the Lincoln National Forest in Otero County, New Mexico, United States, about 18 miles (29 km) south of Cloudcroft. Its elevation is 9,186 feet (2,800 m). The Sunspot Solar Observatory and Apache Point Observatory are located in Sunspot in the Sacramento Mountains. The site of Sunspot is leased by the National Science Foundation (NSF) from the US Forest Service (USFS), and is operated and maintained by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy. The telescope and site are both open to the public, and the visitors center offers guided tours of the site on Saturdays and Sundays. On other days there is a self-guided 1/2 mile trail around the telescope and White Sands overlook.

Cloudcroft, New Mexico
Cloudcroft is a village in Otero County, New Mexico, United States, and is located within the Lincoln National Forest. The population was 750 at the 2020 census.

Its high elevation of 8,676 feet (2,644 m) allows for a mild summer, and the forested mountains make it a tourist attraction for the surrounding deserts. Tourism is the primary economy of the village.
Angus Hincksman
Angus Hincksman  (born 31 July 2005) is an Australian track and field middle distance Paralympian from South Australia. He represents Southern Athletics Club locally and competes in T38 classification events internationally. He won two bronze medals at the World Para Athletics Championships. Hincksman competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics, Paris, France - his first Games.

T38 (classification)
T38 and CP8 are disability sport classification for disability athletics intended for people with cerebral palsy.  It includes people who have coordination impairments such as hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis.  Runners in this class may appear to have a slight limp when they are running but otherwise have a stride similar to able-bodied runners. Events for this class include  100 meters, 400 meters, 1,500 meters, and the long jump.
Pulmonary bay
Pulmonary bay is a medical term which describes a finding on the chest radiograph. In pulmonary bay, there is a concavity where you would normally find the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary bay is most commonly associated with tetralogy of Fallot, however it may also be seen in other conditions where there is a reduced outflow from the pulmonary artery.

Chest radiograph
A chest radiograph, chest X-ray (CXR), or  chest film is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures. Chest radiographs are the most common film taken in medicine.

Like all methods of radiography, chest radiography employs ionizing radiation in the form of X-rays to generate images of the chest. The mean radiation dose to an adult from a chest radiograph is around 0.02 mSv (2 mrem) for a front view (PA, or posteroanterior) and 0.08 mSv (8 mrem) for a side view (LL, or latero-lateral). Together, this corresponds to a background radiation equivalent time of about 10 days.
Tetrachromacy
Tetrachromacy (from Ancient Greek tetra, meaning "four" and chroma, meaning "color") is the condition of possessing four independent channels for conveying color information, or possessing four types of cone cell in the eye. Organisms with tetrachromacy are called tetrachromats.

In tetrachromatic organisms, the sensory color space is four-dimensional, meaning that matching the sensory effect of arbitrarily chosen spectra of light within their visible spectrum requires mixtures of at least four primary colors.

Tetrachromacy is demonstrated among several species of birds, fish, and reptiles. The common ancestor of all vertebrates was a tetrachromat, but a common ancestor of mammals lost two of its four kinds of cone cell, evolving dichromacy, a loss ascribed to the conjectured nocturnal bottleneck. Some primates then later evolved a third cone.

OPN1MW
Green-sensitive opsin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPN1MW gene.
OPN1MW2 is a similar opsin.

The OPN1MW gene provides instructions for making an opsin pigment that is more sensitive to light in the middle of the visible spectrum (yellow/green light).
Donna Wolk
Donna M. Wolk is an American microbiologist who is Director of Clinical Microbiology at the Geisinger Health System. In 2017, she was honored by the American Society for Microbiology for her efforts to improve patient care using microbiology.

American Society for Microbiology
The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), originally the Society of American Bacteriologists, is a professional organization for scientists who study viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa as well as other aspects of microbiology. It was founded in 1899. The Society publishes a variety of scientific journals, textbooks, and other educational materials related to microbiology and infectious diseases. ASM organizes annual meetings, as well as workshops and professional development opportunities for its members.
Nitish Rana
Nitish Rana (born 27 December 1993) is an Indian cricketer who represented the national team in One Day International and Twenty20 International cricket in 2021. He is a left-handed batsman and an off spin bowler. Rana currently captains the Uttar Pradesh cricket team in domestic cricket, having previously played for Delhi. In the Indian Premier League (IPL), he has played for the Mumbai Indians, Kolkata Knight Riders and was acquired by the Rajasthan Royals ahead of the 2025 IPL season. In November 2018, he was appointed captain of Delhi cricket team, succeeding former captain Gautam Gambhir. He also captained Kolkata Knight Riders during the IPL 2023 season in place of regular captain Shreyas Iyer who was out with an injury.

Delhi cricket team
The Delhi cricket team is a first-class cricket team based in Delhi, run by the Delhi & District Cricket Association. It plays in the Ranji Trophy, India's first-class competition, as well as in the limited-overs competition, the Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. They have won the Ranji Trophy seven times and have been runners-up eight. Their latest title in 2007-08 came after 16 years. The team's home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium.
Data monitoring switch
A data monitoring switch is a networking hardware appliance that provides a pool of monitoring tools with access to traffic from a large number of network links. It provides a combination of functionality that may include aggregating monitoring traffic from multiple links, regenerating traffic to multiple tools, pre-filtering traffic to offload tools, and directing traffic according to one-to-one and many-to-many port mappings.

Data monitoring switches enable organizations to use their monitoring tools more efficiently, centralize traffic monitoring functions, and share tools and traffic access between groups. Some of these devices also provide functionality that helps justify tool purchases and simplify deployment and management of the device itself.

Several other terms have been used to describe this class of devices, including data access switch, tool aggregator, network packet broker, net tool optimizer, and distributed filter tap.

Network tap
A network tap is a system that monitors events on a local network. A tap is typically a dedicated hardware device that provides a way to access the data flowing across a computer network.

The network tap has (at least) three ports: an A port, a B port, and a monitor port. A tap inserted between A and B passes all traffic (send and receive data streams) through unimpeded in real time, but also copies that same data to its monitor port, enabling a third party to listen.

Network taps are commonly used for network intrusion detection systems, VoIP recording, network probes, RMON probes, packet sniffers, and other monitoring and collection devices and software that require access to a network segment. Taps are used in security applications because they are non-obtrusive, are not detectable on the network (having no physical or logical address), can deal with full-duplex and non-shared networks, and will usually pass through or bypass traffic even if the tap stops working or loses power.
CityLights (soundtrack)
CityLights is the soundtrack album to the 2014 film of the same name directed by Hansal Mehta and produced by Mukesh Bhatt's Vishesh Films and Fox Star Studios. The soundtrack featured seven songs composed by Jeet Gannguli and lyrics written by Rashmi Singh and was released under the Sony Music India label on 12 May 2014 to positive reviews from critics. Rashmi won the Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist for the song "Muskurane" amongst other accolades.

Muskurane
Muskurane (transl. Smile) is a romantic song from the 2014 film, CityLights. Composed by Jeet Gannguli, the song is sung by Arijit Singh, with lyrics penned by Rashmi Singh. The music video of the track features actors Rajkummar Rao, Patralekha and Arijit Singh.
Agarose
Agarose is a polysaccharide, generally extracted from certain red algae. It is a linear polymer made up of the repeating unit of agarobiose, which is a disaccharide made up of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactopyranose. Agarose is one of the two principal components of agar, and is purified from agar by removing agar's other component, agaropectin.

Agarose is frequently used in molecular biology for the separation of large molecules, especially DNA, by electrophoresis. Slabs of agarose gels (usually 0.7 - 2%) for electrophoresis are readily prepared by pouring the warm, liquid solution into a mold. A variety of different agaroses of varying molecular weights and properties are commercially available for this purpose. Agarose may be formed into beads and used in a number of chromatographic methods for protein purification. It can also be used instead of agar as a solid medium for culturing cells and organisms.

Protein purification
Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues, or whole organisms.  Protein purification is vital for the specification of the function, structure, and interactions of the protein of interest. The purification process may separate the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Ideally, to study a protein of interest, it must be separated from other components of the cell so that contaminants will not interfere in the examination of the protein of interest's structure and function. Separation of one protein from all others is typically the most laborious aspect of protein purification. Separation steps usually exploit differences in protein size, physico-chemical properties, binding affinity, and biological activity. The pure result may be termed protein isolate.
Chuck LaMar
Charles G. LaMar Jr. (born July 22, 1956) is an American professional baseball scout, former college baseball head coach, and former general manager in Major League Baseball (MLB). LaMar was the first general manager of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, hired approximately three years before they began play in the American League in 1998.

General manager (baseball)
In Major League Baseball, the general manager (GM) of a team typically controls player transactions and bears the primary responsibility on behalf of the ballclub during contract discussions with players.
2014–15 NBL season
The 2014–15 NBL season was the 37th season of competition since its establishment in 1979. A total of eight teams contested the league. The regular season was played between 10 October 2014  and 22 February 2015, followed by a post-season featuring the top four in late February and March 2015.

Australian broadcast rights to the season are held by free-to-air network Channel Ten and its digital sports sister station One, in the final year of a five-year deal. In New Zealand, Sky Sport are the official league broadcaster, in the final year of a three-year deal.

During the off-season the Melbourne Tigers were rebranded as Melbourne United.

Melbourne United
Melbourne United is an Australian professional basketball team based in Melbourne, Victoria. United compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at John Cain Arena.

The team made their debut in the NBL in 1984 as the Melbourne Tigers. The Tigers were led by coach Lindsay Gaze and his son Andrew from 1984 until 2005, with the pair guiding the Tigers to two championships in the 1990s. The pair were supported by fellow club legends such as Dave Simmons, Lanard Copeland and Mark Bradtke. Four consecutive NBL Grand Finals followed between 2006 and 2009, with championships coming in 2006 and 2008 behind the likes of Chris Anstey and Darryl McDonald. After 31 seasons known as the Melbourne Tigers, the franchise underwent a controversial rebrand in 2014, changing the name of the team to Melbourne United. United won NBL championships in 2018 and 2021. The franchise's six championships is second only to the Perth Wildcats (ten) for most titles in NBL history.
WORC-FM
WORC-FM (98.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Webster, Massachusetts, and serving the Worcester metropolitan area.  It is owned by Cumulus Media and airs a country radio format, mostly featuring songs from the 1990s and early 2000s, with occasional newer songs.  The studios are on Commercial Street in Downtown Worcester in the Winsor Building.  It carries the games of the Worcester Red Sox and Worcester Railers.

WORC-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 1,870 watts.  Its transmitter is on Blackmere Road in Dudley.  The station serves most of Worcester County, Massachusetts, and northeastern Connecticut.

Worcester Railers
The Worcester Railers (also called Worcester Railers HC) are a professional ice hockey team based in Worcester, Massachusetts. The team began play in the 2017–18 ECHL season, and is a member of the North Division of the Eastern Conference of the ECHL. The team plays their home games at the DCU Center and are the ECHL affiliate of the New York Islanders. The team filled the void left by the AHL's Worcester Sharks, who relocated to San Jose, California, in 2015 to become the San Jose Barracuda.
Jean-Louis Fabiani
Jean-Louis Fabiani (born May 30, 1951) is a French sociologist, professor of sociology and social anthropology at the Central European University, and the director of studies at the Centre d'études sociologiques et politiques Raymond Aron at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.

Social anthropology
Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures. It is the dominant constituent of anthropology throughout the United Kingdom and much of Europe, where it is distinguished from cultural anthropology. In the United States, social anthropology is commonly subsumed within cultural anthropology or sociocultural anthropology.
The Line King: The Al Hirschfeld Story
The Line King: The Al Hirschfeld Story is a 1996 American documentary film directed by Susan Warms Dryfoos about the artist Al Hirschfeld. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.  After its theatrical release, PBS broadcast the film in 1999 in a shortened version on American Masters.

American Masters
American Masters is a PBS television series which produces biographies on enduring writers, musicians, visual and performing artists, dramatists, filmmakers, and those who have left an indelible impression on the cultural landscape of the United States. It is produced by WNET in New York City. The show debuted on PBS in 1986.

Groups or organizations featured include: Actors Studio, Algonquin Round Table, Group Theatre, Sweet Honey in the Rock, Women of Tin Pan Alley, Negro Ensemble Company, Juilliard School, the Beat Generation, the singer-songwriters of the 1970s, Sun Records, vaudeville, and Warner Bros.
Vincent Shoobridge
Vincent William Shoobridge (4 July 1872 – 5 August 1948) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Bushy Park, the son of William Shoobridge, also a politician. In 1940 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as a Nationalist member for Franklin in a recount following George Doyle's death. He was defeated in 1941. Shoobridge died in 1948 in Hobart.

George Doyle (politician)
George Leo Doyle (12 July 1902 – 26 October 1940) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Hobart. In 1937 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly as a Nationalist member for Franklin. He held the seat until his death in 1940.
Hayworth Hicks
Hayworth Hicks (born October 3, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive guard in the Arena Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL). He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2012. He played college football at Iowa State.  He was also a member of the New York Jets, Kansas City Chiefs, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Carolina Panthers, Orlando Predators, Arizona Rattlers and Albany Empire.

Arizona Rattlers
The Arizona Rattlers are a professional indoor American football team based in the Phoenix metropolitan area that competes in the Indoor Football League (IFL). The Rattlers were founded in 1992 as an expansion team in the Arena Football League and were the third oldest active franchise in the AFL until their departure in 2016. They play their home games at Desert Diamond Arena in Glendale. They previously played at Footprint Center in downtown Phoenix.

The Rattlers are led by head coach Kevin Guy. Since the team's establishment in 1992, the Rattlers have won ten division titles and have played in nine ArenaBowl Championship games, winning championships in 1994, 1997, 2012, 2013, 2014. The Rattlers also won the 2017 United Bowl in their first season in the IFL.

It is believed that the Rattlers are the longest-tenured, continuously-active indoor/arena team in the game's history being active for over 30 years (not counting the COVID-19 pandemic season cancelation in 2020).
Gyurkovicsarna
Gyurkovicsarna is a Swedish 1920 silent comedy film directed by John W. Brunius and starring Gösta Ekman, Nils Asther, Violet Molitor, Emile Stiebel and john's then spouse Pauline Brunius. It was an adaptation of the 1895 novel A Gyurkovics-fiúk (lit. 'The Gyurkovics Boys') by the Hungarian author Ferenc Herczeg.

Nils Asther
Nils Anton Alfhild Asther (17 January 1897 – 19 October 1981) was a Swedish actor active in Hollywood from 1926 to the mid-1950s, known as "the male Greta Garbo". Between 1916 and 1963, he appeared in over seventy feature films, sixteen of which were produced in the silent era. He is mainly remembered today for two silent films, The Single Standard and Wild Orchids, which he made with fellow Swede Greta Garbo, and his portrayal of the title character in the controversial pre-Code Frank Capra film, The Bitter Tea of General Yen.
Twist with Bobby Darin
Twist with Bobby Darin is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1961.

The album debuted on the Billboard Top LPs chart in the issue dated January 27, 1962, and remained on the chart for 31 weeks, peaking at number 48. It also debuted on the Cashbox albums chart in the issue dated February 17, 1962, and remained on the chart for a total of five weeks, peaking at number 45.

Five of the songs were previously released the year before on For Teenagers Only and the first six were written by Darin himself.

For Teenagers Only
For Teenagers Only is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1960. After Darin's success in the adult pop market, the release of the album was an attempt to regain his youthful Rock & Roll audience. Nearly all of the material had been previously recorded in 1958. The album did not chart on the Billboard 200, but reached #38 on the Cashbox mono chart.
Tomasz Korynt
Tomasz Korynt (born 27 October 1954) is a Polish former footballer who played as a forward. He spent the start of his career with teams in the Tricity area, starting his career with Lechia Gdańsk, before later playing for Arka Gdynia and Bałtyk Gdynia. In his later career, he spent time in France playing for Limoges, and in Austria with First Vienna, Favoritner AC and USC Seitenstetten. He is the son of Polish international Roman Korynt.

Arka Gdynia
Morski Związkowy Klub Sportowy Arka Gdynia (lit. 'Maritime Union Sports Club Arka Gdynia', Polish pronunciation: [ˈmɔrskʲi zvjɔ̃sˈkɔvɨ ˈklup spɔrˈtɔvɨ ˈarka ˈɡdɨɲa]) is a professional football club based in Gdynia, Poland, that plays in the Ekstraklasa after winning the 2024–25 I liga. The club was founded as Klub Sportowy Gdynia in 1929.