hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leon Kremer
Leon Kremer (1901–1941) was a Polish chess master.

He played several times in the Warsaw championships, and won in 1929. He also took 6th in 1925 (Stanisław Kohn won), took 4th in 1926 (Abram Blass and Paulin Frydman won), shared 1st with Kohn in 1927, tied for 6-8th in 1928 (Blass won), and took 3rd in 1930 (Frydman won).

He twice represented Warsaw in the Polish team championships at Królewska Huta 1929 and Katowice 1934. He played four times in the Polish championships; took 11th at Warsaw 1926 (Dawid Przepiórka won), took 9th at Lodz 1927 (Akiba Rubinstein won), tied for 12-14th at Warsaw 1935 (Savielly Tartakower won), and tied for 14-16th at Jurata 1937 (Tartakower won).

Kremer played for Poland at sixth board (+14 –4 =2) in 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad at Munich 1936, and won two silver medals (team and individual).

Savielly Tartakower
Savielly Tartakower (also known as Xavier or Ksawery Tartakower, less often Tartacover or Tartakover; 21 February 1887 – 4 February 1956) was a Austro-Hungarian by birth, then Polish, later naturalised French chess player. He was awarded the title of International Grandmaster in its inaugural year, 1950. Tartakower was also a leading chess journalist and author of the 1920s and 1930s and is noted for his many witticisms.

During World War II, he joined the French Resistance under the name "Lieutenant Cartier".
Donjuan Triumphant
Donjuan Triumphant (foaled 24 March 2013) is an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse who excelled over sprint distances. He was rated one of the best two-year-olds in Europe when he won three of his eight races including the Rockingham Stakes and the Critérium de Maisons-Laffitte. He failed to win in the following year but ran second in both the Temple Stakes and the Prix Maurice de Gheest. After changing stables as a four-year-old he won the 32Red Gold Cup in 2017 and the Wentworth Stakes in 2018. In 2019 he was beaten in his first six starts but recorded his biggest win on his final racecourse appearance when he took the British Champions Sprint Stakes.

Prix Maurice de Gheest
The Prix Maurice de Gheest is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Deauville over a distance of 1,300 metres (about 6½ furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in August.
Paul Johnson (Australian footballer, born 1984)
Paul A. Johnson (born 26 June 1984) is an Australian rules footballer currently listed with the East Perth Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). He previously played senior matches with the West Coast Eagles, the Melbourne Football Club, and the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL), the Swan Districts Football Club in the WAFL, and the Sandringham Football Club and the Box Hill Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Johnson was the winner of the 2005 J. J. Liston Trophy, as well as the 2012 Simpson Medal as the best player in an interstate match for Western Australia.

J. J. Liston Trophy
The J. J. Liston Trophy is awarded annually to the best and fairest senior player in the Victorian Football League (VFL), which was formerly known as the Victorian Football Association (VFA). It is named after J. J. Liston, a businessman, civic leader and sports administrator who was fundamental in advancing sport in Australia, particularly Australian Rules Football and Soccer.
Coolgardie Gold Mine
The Coolgardie Gold Mine is a gold mine located at Coolgardie, Western Australia, currently owned by Focus Minerals Limited. The mine and its Three Mile Hill Processing Plant has been in care and maintenance since June 2013.

Care and maintenance
Care and maintenance is a term used in the mining industry to describe processes and conditions on a closed mine site at which there is the potential to recommence operations at a later date.  During the care and maintenance phase, production is stopped but the site is managed to ensure it remains in a safe and stable condition.
Complement component 1q
The complement component 1q (or simply C1q) is a protein complex involved in the complement system, which is part of the innate immune system. C1q together with C1r and C1s form the C1 complex.

Antibodies of the adaptive immune system can bind antigen, forming an antigen-antibody complex. When C1q binds antigen-antibody complexes, the C1 complex becomes activated. Activation of the C1 complex initiates the classical complement pathway of the complement system. The antibodies IgM and all IgG subclasses except IgG4 are able to initiate the complement system.

Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen; causing it to also be called an acute phase antibody. In humans and other mammals that have been studied, plasmablasts in the spleen are the main source of specific IgM production.
Legislative districts of Mindanao and Sulu
The legislative district of Mindanao and Sulu was the collective representation of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu and its component provinces of Agusan, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Sulu and Zamboanga as a single at-large district in the lower house of the Philippine Legislature from 1916 until 1935.

Sulu
Sulu ([sʊˈlu]), officially the Province of Sulu (Tausūg: Wilaya' sin Lupa' Sūg; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Sulu; Chavacano: Provincia de Sulu); is a province of the Philippines in the Sulu Archipelago and part of the Zamboanga Peninsula region.

It was part of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), until the Supreme Court of the Philippines on September 9, 2024, declared its inclusion to be unconstitutional because of the province's simple majority vote against it during the 2019 Bangsamoro autonomy plebiscite.

Its capital is Jolo on the island of the same name. Maimbung, the royal capital of the Sultanate of Sulu, is also located in the province. Sulu is along the southern border of the Sulu Sea and the northern boundary of the Celebes Sea.
François Joseph Ducoux
François Joseph Ducoux (11 September 1808 – 23 March 1873) was a French physician, left-wing politician and businessman. He served as a military physician from 1828 to 1838 before settling in Blois and engaging in local politics. He was a representative in the National Assembly during the French Second Republic, and as Prefect of the Paris Police helped restore order after the bloody June Days uprising. He introduced legislation to establish the Bourse du Travail (labour exchange), but this was rejected. He left politics during the Second French Empire, but was again a representative in the National Assembly in the first years of  the French Third Republic.

June Days uprising
The June Days (French: les journées de Juin) were an uprising staged by French workers from 22 to 26 June 1848. It was in response to plans to close the National Workshops, created by the Second Republic in order to provide work and a minimal source of income for the unemployed. The National Guard, led by General Louis-Eugène Cavaignac, was called out to quell the rebellion. Over 1,500 people were either killed or injured, while 4,000 insurgents were deported to French Algeria. The uprising marked the end of the hopes of a "democratic and social republic" (république démocratique et sociale) and the victory of the liberals over the Radical Republicans.
Everything's on Ice
Everything's on Ice is a 1939 American musical film produced by Sol Lesser for RKO Pictures, directed by Erle C. Kenton and stars six year old Irene Dare, Edgar Kennedy and Lynne Roberts. The film was released on October 6, 1939, and is also known as Frolics on Ice (American video title).

A 6-year-old skater is financially exploited in this story, which features "the world's youngest ice figure-skater, Irene Dare." Meanwhile, the girl's older sister "suddenly finds her love-life taken over by a kibitzing uncle ... [leading to] a succession of laughable situations."

Lynne Roberts (actress)
Lynne Roberts, also credited as Mary Hart, born Theda May Roberts (November 22, 1922 – April 1, 1978) was an American film actress during the Golden Age of Hollywood. She appeared exclusively in what were referred to as B movies.
Pertenhall
Pertenhall is a small village and civil parish located in Bedfordshire, close to the borders of Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Its parish council is a Quality Parish Council. It has recently published its Parish Plan which is available on the website

The name derives from Peters Hill (allegedly) based on the Hill by St Peters Church. The parish of Pertenhall & Swineshead is part of the Stodden Hundred (which comprises Bolnhurst, Clapham, Dean and Shelton, Keysoe, Knotting, Little Staughton, Melchbourne, Milton Ernest, Oakley, Pertenhall, Riseley, Shelton, Tilbrook and Yelden).

The village is drawn out along the B660 beginning with Chapel Yard, derived from the Moravian Chapel located there and is characterised by a series of 'Ends', namely Wood End (a cul-de-sac, terminating at a footpath known locally as 'the Track', Chadwell End (a thoroughfare), derived from the Chad Well that exists nearby and leading to Green End at the south.

Shelton, North Bedfordshire
Shelton is a village in the civil parish of Dean and Shelton, in the Bedford borough of Bedfordshire, England. It is close to the county boundary with Northamptonshire and the district of Huntingdonshire in Cambridgeshire.

The 14th century Church of St Mary the Virgin is located in the village. It is a grade I listed building.

Shelton was an ancient parish in the Stodden hundred of Bedfordshire. In 1931 the parish was merged with the neighbouring parish of Dean to form a new parish called Dean and Shelton. At the 1931 census (the last before the abolition of the parish), Shelton had a population of 101.
2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council candidates' disqualification controversy
In the subsequently postponed 2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council election, 12 opposition candidates were disqualified by the returning officers from running in the election, including four incumbent legislators, Alvin Yeung, Kwok Ka-ki, Dennis Kwok and Kenneth Leung, as well as activists Joshua Wong, Ventus Lau, Gwyneth Ho and Cheng Kam-mun and incumbent District Councillors Lester Shum, Tiffany Yuen, Fergus Leung and Cheng Tat-hung.

Ventus Lau
Ventus Lau Wing-hong (Chinese: 劉頴匡; born 8 October 1993) is a Hong Kong politician. He is the convenor of the Shatin Community Network and the founding convenor of the Community Network Union, an alliance of the localist community groups in different districts. He came to media attention in the 2018 New Territories East by-election and his candidacy was disqualified by the returning officer for his previous pro-Hong Kong independence stance. For his participation in the 2020 Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries he was part of a mass arrest on national security charges in January 2021 and remains in jail as of October 2021.
Freesat from Sky
Freesat from Sky (FsfS) was a British satellite television service from Sky UK. It offered over 240 free-to-air (FTA) channels in its EPG. This is a greater number than its competitors, Freesat, which has 200+, and Freeview, which has 70+.
It also had up to six HD channels and used to have Sky Active interactive data service. Sky was not actively promoting the service (in favour of its subscription TV offering) and the service has quietly been discontinued for new customers as of 2021.

Digibox
The Digibox is a device marketed by Sky UK in the UK and Ireland to enable home users to receive digital satellite television broadcasts (satellite receiver) from the Astra satellites at 28.2° east. An Internet service was also available through the device, similar in some ways to the American MSN TV, before being discontinued in 2015. The first Digiboxes shipped to consumers in October 1998 when Sky Digital was launched, and the hardware reference design has been relatively unchanged since then. Compared to other satellite receivers, they are severely restricted. As of 2020, Sky Digiboxes have become largely outmoded, superseded by Sky's latest-generation Sky Q boxes and Sky Glass televisions; the previous generation Sky+HD boxes are still in use, however.
Hot Metal
Hot Metal is a British sitcom produced by London Weekend Television about the newspaper industry, that aired for two series on the ITV network in 1986 and 1988, along with a special episode for Comic Relief in 1989, that was broadcast on BBC One. Written by David Renwick and Andrew Marshall, it is very much a continuation in style from their previous sitcom Whoops Apocalypse!.  It was produced by Humphrey Barclay Productions for LWT. After its original transmission, the series was repeated in 1988 on Channel 4 and in 2022 on Forces TV.

Whoops Apocalypse
Whoops Apocalypse is a six-part 1982 television sitcom by Andrew Marshall and David Renwick, made by London Weekend Television for ITV. Marshall and Renwick later reworked the concept as a 1986 film of the same name from ITC Entertainment, with almost completely different characters and plot.

The British budget label Channel 5 Video released a compilation VHS cassette of all six episodes edited together into one 137-minute chunk in 1987.

The American video distributor EDDE Entertainment released a compilation VHS cassette of all six episodes edited together into one 121-minute chunk in 1991.

In 2010, Network released both the complete, unedited series and the movie on a 2-DVD set (Region 2) entitled Whoops Apocalypse: The Complete Apocalypse. (Rights issues were simplified by the fact that both LWT and ITC Entertainment productions were by this time owned by Granada Television).

In March 2022 the series was made available for streaming on BritBox.
Sultan ibn Mahmud
Sultan ibn Mahmud was the last known Shaddadid emir of Ani reigning in parts of the dynasty's possessions from at least 1174 to c. 1199. He is known exclusively from the epigraphic data.

At the time of Sultan and his immediate predecessors, Ani became a target of expansionism of the kings of Georgia. Sultan's rule in parts of his dynasty's dwindling possessions, in the lands across the Araxes, is documented by an inscription dated to Safar 570 (September 1174) in the Dashtadem castle in modern Armenia. Another inscription, that from Ani, dated to 595 AH (1198/1199CE), indicates that he had revived the Shaddadid rule in Ani. Vladimir Minorsky identified him with Shahanshah ibn Mahmud, known from the literary sources. Sultan's inscription from Ani is the last the Shaddadis are heard of. By 1200, Ani had been invaded by the armies of Queen Tamar of Georgia, who granted the city in possession to her loyal subject of the Armenian Zakarian family.

Shahanshah ibn Mahmud
Shahanshah ibn Mahmud was the Kurdish Shaddadid emir of Ani from 1164 to 1174.

With Shahanshah b. Mahmud's accession, the Shaddadids were reestablished in Ani, which had mostly been under Georgian control since 1161. This was a result of the victory of Eldiguz, a resurgent atabeg of Azerbaijan, who conquered Ani from the Georgians after several attempts and handed the city over to Shahanshah on terms of vassalage. Unable to fend off further Georgian encroachments, he lost Ani in 1174 and himself died in exile in the Ayyubid lands.
Jan Borgman
Jan Borgman (30 November 1929 - May 26, 2021) was a Dutch astronomer and university administrator. He was professor of astronomical observation technique at the University of Groningen from 1968 to 1988. During this period he served as rector magnificus from 1978 to 1981 and chair of the board of governors from 1981 to 1988. Borgman subsequently became chairperson of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research.

Dutch Research Council
The Dutch Research Council (NWO, Dutch: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek) is the national research council of the Netherlands. NWO funds thousands of top researchers at universities and institutes and steers the course of Dutch science by means of subsidies and research programmes. NWO promotes quality and innovation in science. NWO is an independent administrative body under the auspices of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.

NWO directs its approximate budget of 1 billion euros towards Dutch universities and institutes, often on a project basis. Also, NWO has its own research institutes and facilitates international cooperation. The president of NWO since April 2021 is Marcel Levi. Former NWO presidents include Stan Gielen, Peter Nijkamp and Jos Engelen.

NWO is also known for the annual Spinoza and Stevin Prizes.
Eparchy of Lipljan
Eparchy of Lipljan, later known as the Eparchy of Gračanica or the Eparchy of Novo Brdo (Serbian: Епархија липљанска / Eparhija lipljanska) is one of the former historical Eastern Orthodox eparchies of Serbian Orthodox located in the central parts of Kosovo region. It is now part of Eparchy of Raška and Prizren.  In older research, it was mistakenly identified as the bishopric of Ulpiana.

Ulpiana
Ulpiana was an ancient Roman city located in what is today Kosovo. It was also named Justiniana Secunda (Latin: Iustiniana Secunda, Serbian: Justinijana Sekunda, Albanian: Justiniana Sekunda). Ulpiana is located in the municipality of Gračanica, 12 km southeast of Pristina. The Municipium Ulpiana or Iustiniana Secunda was proclaimed an archaeological park under the permanent protection of Kosovo by the Kosova Council for Cultural Heritage in 2016. The archaeological park has an area of 161.10 hectares and a surrounding protection zone of 96.23 hectares. Ulpiana was among the largest settlements in the Balkans in late antiquity.
The Bargain (1914 film)
The Bargain is a 1914 American silent Western film starring William S. Hart. It was the first feature film starring Hart, who would go on to become the most popular Western actor of the silent film era. In 2010, it was one of the 25 films added to the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant." The second Hart Western to be named to the National Film Registry  (after Hell's Hinges in 1994), The Bargain was said to have been selected because of Hart's charisma, the film's authenticity and realistic portrayal of the Western genre.

Hell's Hinges
Hell's Hinges is a 1916 American silent Western film starring William S. Hart and Clara Williams.  Directed by Charles Swickard, William S. Hart and Clifford Smith, and produced by Thomas H. Ince, the screenplay was written by C. Gardner Sullivan.

In 1994, Hell's Hinges was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress, being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", and is considered by some to be one of the finest silent Westerns.
Ubaldo Bellugi
Ubaldo Bellugi (1899–1992) was an Italian poet, fairytale writer, and playwright, and Podestà of Massa.

Bellugi was born in Borgo del Ponte, Massa. He was nominated Royal Commissioner and then, when he was just 28, he became the first Podestà of Massa, a position he held for fifteen years. In this capacity he proved true and unparalleled skills as an administrator, giving his beloved city a modern structure, with massive public works and innovations. Bellugi is also famous as a poet and a fairytale writer; he was the author of internationally popular children's fairy tales.

Massa, Tuscany
Massa  (Italian: [ˈmassa] ⓘ; Emilian: Masa) is a town and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, the administrative centre of the province of Massa and Carrara. It is located in the Frigido River Valley, near the Alpi Apuane, 5 km (3 mi) from the Tyrrhenian Sea.
National Union (South Africa)
The National Union (Afrikaans: Nasionale Unie) was a short-lived South African political party founded in 1960 by Japie Basson after he was expelled from the ruling National Party. It was meant to provide a political home for Nationalists who had become disillusioned with J. G. Strydom and Hendrik Verwoerd's increasingly hard-line apartheid policies. Basson recruited former Chief Justice of South Africa Henry Allan Fagan to stand as the party's candidate for State President in the 1961 general election, in which the party won 6.26% of the vote but only one parliamentary seat. The party soon fizzled out and was absorbed into the United Party.

United Party (South Africa)
The United National South African Party (Afrikaans: Verenigde Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Party) commonly the United Party (UP) (Afrikaans: Verenigde Party, VP) was a South African political party that was the ruling party from its formation in 1934 until 1948. Formed from the parties of Prime Ministers J. B. M. Hertzog and Jan Smuts, the United Party bridged white English-speakers, Afrikaners and Coloureds. It was considered more liberal on race relations than the National Party, which strongly supported the preservation of white supremacy. The United Party lost the 1948 general election to the National Party which subsequently implemented apartheid. The United Party never held power again and dissolved in 1977, with remnants forming the New Republic Party and other smaller groups.
Rock Hill Galleria
Rock Hill Galleria is an enclosed regional shopping mall for York, Chester, and Lancaster Counties. It is located in Rock Hill, South Carolina, and is managed by Warren Norman Company. The mall has six anchor store spots, four of which are currently occupied, by Belk, Walmart, Dick's Sporting Goods, Ashley HomeStore, Big Air Trampoline & Adventure Park, and Stars and Strikes.

Belk
Belk, Inc. is an American department store chain founded in 1888 by William Henry Belk. Local partnerships allowed Belk to expand during the 1900s, and resulted in several Belk co-brandings. The distinct legal entities were consolidated into a single company and uniform Belk brand in 1998. It was acquired by private equity firm Sycamore Partners in 2015.
LifeSpring Hospitals
LifeSpring Hospitals is an Indian hospital chain, which provides maternity care to women from the low-income group in Hyderabad, India. Established in 2005, it is a 50-50 joint venture between $30-million Acumen Fund, a U.S.-based nonprofit global venture philanthropy fund and HLL Lifecare Limited, a Government of India -owned corporation and the largest manufacturer of condoms in the world.

As of October 2025 it provided affordable healthcare to 5,500,000 women with its ten hospitals in Hyderabad, providing maternity and pediatric care at 30-50 percent of market rates, and is the first healthcare chain to join the 'Business Call to Action' (BCA), an initiative of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and UN Global Compact amongst others, to reduce poverty, hunger, disease, and maternal and child deaths by 2015.

Acumen (organization)
Acumen is a global nonprofit impact investment organization that brings together investors, entrepreneurs, and philanthropists to address poverty and expand access to essential goods and services in low-income communities. Founded in 2001, Acumen uses patient capital to invest in companies, leaders, and ideas with the aim of building inclusive and sustainable markets. The organization operates in East and West Africa, Europe, India, Latin America, Pakistan, Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the United States, particularly in communities that have historically been underserved by markets and aid.

Acumen has been described as a pioneer of patient capital, a form of long-term investment that seeks to balance social impact with financial sustainability. Alongside its investment work, the organization runs regional-level leadership development programs through Acumen Academy.