hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mancunian Way
The Mancunian Way is a two mile long grade separated elevated motorway in Manchester, England. It is officially made up of the A57(M) and A635(M) motorways, although the latter does not appear on road signs for practical reasons.  It is also part of two other roads: the A57 to the west, which runs east–west through Greater Manchester linking the M602 and M67 motorways, and a short section of non-motorway A635 to the east. Part of this non-motorway section collapsed on 14 August 2015 due to a sinkhole.

A56 road
The A56 is a road in England which extends between the city of Chester in Cheshire and the village of Broughton in North Yorkshire. The road contains a mixture of single and dual carriageway sections, and traverses environments as diverse as the dense urban sprawl of inner city Manchester and the lightly populated region of rural east Lancashire. The road includes a short section of trunk road between the end of the M66 motorway near Ramsbottom and the M65 motorway west of Burnley.
111th Rifle Corps
The 111th Rifle Corps (Russian: 111-й стрелковый корпус) was an infantry corps of the Red Army during World War II.

Its headquarters was formed with the 54th Army of the Volkhov Front in mid-November 1943, and with its assigned divisions fought in the Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive during January and February 1944. The corps then fought in failed attempts to break the Panther Line for the next several months and the Pskov-Ostrov Offensive in July. Its headquarters was transferred to the 67th Army and with a different set of divisions fought in the Riga Offensive in September. During late 1944 and early 1945 it served on garrison duty in southern Estonia and Latvia, then participated in the disarmament and collection of German prisoners of the war surrendered in the Courland Pocket in early May. Postwar, the corps was disbanded in early 1946.

Courland Pocket
The Courland Pocket was a pocket located on the Courland Peninsula in Latvia on the Eastern Front of World War II from 9 October 1944 to 10 May 1945.

Army Group North of the Wehrmacht were surrounded in western Latvia by the Red Army after the Baltic Offensive, when forces of the 1st Baltic Front reached the Baltic Sea near Memel (Klaipėda) after the collapse of Army Group Centre during Operation Bagration. Army Group North retreated to the Courland Pocket and was renamed Army Group Courland on 25 January, holding off six Red Army offensives until the German Instrument of Surrender was signed on 8 May 1945. Army Group Courland were in a communication "blackout" and did not get the official order until 10 May, becoming one of the last German groups to surrender in Europe.
2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion
On 20 December 2022, an explosion occurred on the Russian Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod gas pipeline, which supplies gas from Siberia to Europe through Ukraine.

The explosion occurred in Chuvashia, in the area of the gas pipeline between the villages of Kalinino and Yambakhtino, Vurnarsky District.

Vurnarsky District
Vurnarsky District (Russian: Вурна́рский райо́н; Chuvash: Вăрнар районӗ, Vărnar rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders with Alikovsky and Krasnoarmeysky Districts in the north, Kanashsky District in the east, Ibresinsky District in the south, and with Shumerlinsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,012.6 square kilometers (391.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Vurnary. Population:  35,850 (2010 Census); 41,417 (2002 Census); 44,864 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Vurnary accounts for 28.1% of the district's total population.
Kudumba Vaarthakal
Kudumba Vaarthakal (transl. Family news) is a 1998 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film directed by Ali Akbar and produced by Milan Jaleel. The film stars Jagadish, Jagathy Sreekumar, Innocent, Kalabhavan Mani and Kalpana in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Berny-Ignatius. Songs are written by S. Ramesan Nair

Kalabhavan Mani
Kunnisseri Veettil Raman Mani (1 January 1971 – 6 March 2016), better known by his stage name Kalabhavan Mani, was an Indian actor and singer. Mani started his career as a mimic with the Kalabhavan comedy troupe.  He had starred in over 250 films, including Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu films, and was renowned for his humorous characters and villain roles.

Mani won National Film Award – Special Jury Award and Kerala State Film Awards for his performance as Ramu in Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum (1999). He was the first actor from kerala who won the National Film Award - Special Jury Award in the history of Malayalam film industry.
The Roots of My Raising (song)
"The Roots of My Raising" is a song written by Tommy Collins and released by him in 1970. It was famously covered by American country music artist Merle Haggard and The Strangers in January 1976 as the first single and title track from the album The Roots of My Raising.  The song was Merle Haggard and The Strangers twenty-third number one on the country chart.  The single spent one week at number one and a total of ten weeks on the country chart.

The Strangers (American band)
The Strangers were an American country band that formed in 1966 in Bakersfield, California. They mainly served as the backup band for singer-songwriter Merle Haggard, who named them after his first hit single "(My Friends Are Gonna Be) Strangers". In addition to serving as his backing band, members of the Strangers also produced many of Haggard's records, sang lead vocals on select tracks, and co-wrote many of Haggard's songs with him, including the No. 1 singles, "Okie From Muskogee" and "I Always Get Lucky with You".

From 1969 to 1973, they issued several records independent of Haggard, released on Capitol Records, and even had their own Top 10 hit single called "Street Singer" on the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart. Three members of the Strangers would go on to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Between 1969 and 1987, the Strangers were voted Band of the Year by the Academy of Country Music eight times—more than any other group in history.
A Galician in Mexico
A Galician in Mexico (Spanish: Una Gallega en México) is a 1949 Mexican comedy film directed by Julián Soler and starring  Niní Marshall, Joaquín Pardavé, and Alma Rosa Aguirre. It was shot at the Azteca Studios in Mexico City. The film's sets were designed by the art director Jorge Fernández.

Joaquín Pardavé
Joaquín Pardavé Arce (30 September 1900 – 20 July 1955) was a Mexican film actor, director, songwriter and screenwriter of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. He was best known for starring and directing various comedy films during the 1940s. In some of them, Pardavé paired with one of Mexico's most famous actresses, Sara García. The films in which they starred are El baisano Jalil, El barchante Neguib, El ropavejero, and La familia Pérez. These actors had on-screen chemistry together, and are both noted for playing a wide variety of comic characters from Lebanese foreigners to middle-class Mexicans.
Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory
Because the mathematical expressions for information theory developed by Claude Shannon and Ralph Hartley in the 1940s are similar to the mathematics of statistical thermodynamics worked out by Ludwig Boltzmann and J. Willard Gibbs in the 1870s, in which the concept of entropy is central, Shannon was persuaded to employ the same term 'entropy' for his measure of uncertainty. Information entropy is often presumed to be equivalent to physical (thermodynamic) entropy.

Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)
The concept entropy was first developed by German physicist Rudolf Clausius in the mid-nineteenth century as a thermodynamic property that predicts that certain spontaneous processes are irreversible or impossible. In statistical mechanics, entropy is formulated as a statistical property using probability theory. The statistical entropy perspective was introduced in 1870 by Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, who established a new field of physics that provided the descriptive linkage between the macroscopic observation of nature and the microscopic view based on the rigorous treatment of large ensembles of microscopic states that constitute thermodynamic systems.
Sandy Gall
Henderson Alexander "Sandy" Gall (1 October 1927 – 29 June 2025) was a Scottish journalist, author and Independent Television News (ITN) news presenter whose career as a journalist spanned more than 50 years. He began his career in journalism as a sub-editor at the Aberdeen Press and Journal in 1952 and became a foreign correspondent for the Reuters international news agency from 1953 to 1963. Gall joined ITN as a foreign reporter and troubleshooter in 1963, and also worked as a newscaster on News at Ten between 1970 and 1991. He was the Rector of the University of Aberdeen from 1978 to 1981 and founded the Sandy Gall's Afghanistan Appeal charity with his wife in 1986.

The Press and Journal
The Press and Journal is a daily regional newspaper serving northern and Highland Scotland including the cities of Aberdeen and Inverness. Established in 1747, it is Scotland's oldest daily newspaper, and one of the longest-running newspapers in the world.
Satono Diamond
Satono Diamond (Japanese: サトノダイヤモンド, foaled 30 January 2013) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse. He showed promise as a juvenile in 2015 when he won both of his races. In the following year he developed into a top-class performer winning the Kisaragi Sho, finishing third in the Satsuki Sho, and taking second place in the Tokyo Yushun. In the autumn he was unbeaten in three starts, winning the Kobe Shimbun Hai, Kikuka Sho, Arima Kinen, and took the JRA Award for Best Three-Year-Old Colt.

Satsuki Shō
The Satsuki Shō (皐月賞) is a Grade 1 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old thoroughbred colts and fillies run over a distance of 2,000 metres (approximately 1+1⁄4 mile) at the Nakayama Racecourse, Funabashi, Chiba, in April.

It was first run in 1939 and is the Japanese equivalent of the English 2,000 Guineas. (Note that the original 2,000 Guineas is currently run at 1,609 metres, or one mile, about two furlongs shorter than the Satsuki Shō.)
Gypped in the Penthouse
Gypped in the Penthouse is a 1955 short subject directed by Jules White starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Shemp Howard). It is the 161st entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Larry Fine
Larry Fine (born Louis Feinberg; October 4, 1902 – January 24, 1975) was an American actor, comedian and musician. He is best known as a member of the comedy act the Three Stooges and was often called "The Middle Stooge".
Saskatchewan Highway 30
Highway 30 is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Eston Riverside Regional Park on the South Saskatchewan River north to Highway 7. Highway 30 is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) long.

Eston, McMorran, and Brock are the only communities along the highway.

Brock, Saskatchewan
Brock (2016 population: 142) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Kindersley No. 290 and Census Division No. 13. The village is located 165 km southwest of the city of Saskatoon.
2015 Speedway Grand Prix Qualification
The 2015 Individual Speedway World Championship Grand Prix Qualification is a series of motorcycle speedway meetings used to determine the three riders who qualified for the 2015 Speedway Grand Prix. The top eight riders finishing the 2014 Grand Prix series automatically qualify for 2015. The final round of qualification – the Grand Prix Challenge – took place on 20 September 2014 in Lonigo, Italy.

Lonigo
Lonigo is a town and comune in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, northern Italy, its population counts around 16,400 inhabitants.

In its frazione of Bagnolo is the Villa Pisani, a Renaissance patrician villa designed by Andrea Palladio, which is part of a World Heritage Site.  Another villa in the comune, Rocca Pisana, was designed by Vincenzo Scamozzi.

Outside the town is the church and complex of the 16th-century Sanctuary of Madonna dei Miracoli.
Greg Baise
Gregory W. Baise (born April 13, 1952) is an American politician who served as the president and CEO of the Illinois Manufacturers' Association from 1991 until 2019. Before that, he had worked in several political and government roles, including leading IDOT as Illinois secretary of transportation under governor Jim Thompson in the 1980s. Baise is a Republican, and in in 1990 was his party's unsuccessful nominee for Illinois treasurer. In recent decades, he has been involved in a number of political action committees (PACs).

Jim Thompson (Illinois politician)
James Robert Thompson Jr. (May 8, 1936 – August 14, 2020) was an American politician and federal prosecutor who served as the 37th governor of Illinois from 1977 to 1991. He was Illinois's longest-serving governor, having been elected to four consecutive terms and holding the office for 14 years, and is also the only governor to have served more than two terms. A member of the Republican Party, Thompson was known as a "Rockefeller Republican", governing during his tenure as both a fiscal conservative and social liberal.

In later years, Thompson served as a member of the 9/11 Commission, charged with investigating the September 11 attacks.
Equestrian at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Individual championship test grade II
The Individual Championship Test, grade II, para-equestrian dressage event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics was contested on the afternoon of 15 September 2016 at the Olympic Equestrian Centre in Rio de Janeiro.

Para-equestrian
Para-equestrian is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events. One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities. The other is para-equestrian driving, which operates under the same basic rules as combined driving but places competitors in various grades based on their functional abilities.
Kelsey Weems
Kelsey Russell Weems (September 16, 1967 – August 20, 2019) was an American professional basketball player. A point guard from the state of Georgia, Weems played college basketball at NC State and stayed four years despite limited playing time. He went undrafted in the 1989 NBA draft and played several seasons in the CBA, earning two selections in the United States national team: he won the gold medal during the 1993 Tournament of the Americas and the silver medal at the 1995 Pan American Games.

1989 NBA draft
The 1989 NBA draft took place on June 27, 1989, in New York City. Despite eight of the top ten picks being considered busts, including the first two picks Pervis Ellison and Danny Ferry, the draft produced many talented players such as Shawn Kemp, Glen Rice, Sean Elliott, Nick Anderson, Dana Barros, Tim Hardaway, Vlade Divac, Clifford Robinson, B. J. Armstrong and Mookie Blaylock.

The draft was reduced from three rounds in the previous year to the two-round format that is still in use to the present day. As a result, NBA drafts from this season until 1995 produced the lowest number of total draft picks selected at 54 overall selections.

This was the first draft for the Minnesota Timberwolves and Orlando Magic, prior to their inaugural season. This was also the first draft televised prime time on U.S. national television.
Bernt Östh
Major General Bernt Nils Sune Östh (born 20 December 1936) was a Swedish Air Force officer. Östh served as Chief of the Air Staff from 1990 to 1994 and as chief of the Joint Staff (Gemensamma staben) at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters from 1994 to 1997.

Chief of the Air Staff (Sweden)
The Chief of the Air Staff (Swedish: Chefen för flygstaben, CFS, or Flygstabschef) is the professional head of the Swedish Air Staff. The post was created in 1936 with lieutenant colonel Bengt Nordenskiöld as the first incumbent. The post disappeared in 1994 and was reintroduced in 2019 when the new Air Staff was established.
Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Barnstable County is a county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 228,996. The county seat is Barnstable. The county consists of Cape Cod and associated islands (some adjacent islands are in Dukes County and Nantucket County). Barnstable County was formed within the Plymouth Colony on June 2, 1685, including the towns of Falmouth, Sandwich, and others to the east and north on Cape Cod. Plymouth Colony was merged into the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1691.

Sandwich, Massachusetts
Sandwich is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts and is its oldest town. The town motto is Post tot Naufracia Portus, Latin for "after so many shipwrecks, a haven". The population was 20,259 at the 2020 census.
April 2025 Russian attack on Kyiv
On the night of April 24, 2025, Russia launched an attack on Kyiv
using cruise and ballistic missiles (Kh-101, Iskander-M/Iskander-K, KN-23, Kalibr, and Kh-59/Kh-69), as well as attack drones. As a result of the Russian strike, the cities of Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Zaporizhzhia, as well as the Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr, Khmelnytskyi, Poltava, and Sumy regions were affected. The attack resulted in the deaths of 13 Ukrainians, and injuries to over 90 others, making it one of the deadliest attacks on Kyiv in the Russian invasion of Ukraine since 2022.

9K720 Iskander
The 9K720 Iskander (Russian: «Искандер»; NATO reporting name SS-26 Stone) is a family of Russian mobile short-range ballistic missile systems. The basic M model has a range of 500 kilometres (270 nmi; 310 mi). It was intended to replace the OTR-21 Tochka in the Russian military by 2020.

The Iskander has several different conventional warheads, including a cluster munitions warhead, a fuel–air explosive enhanced-blast warhead, a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, an earth penetrator for bunker busting and an electromagnetic pulse device for anti-radar missions. The missile can also carry nuclear warheads. In September 2017, the KB Mashinostroyeniya (KBM) general designer Valery M. Kashin said that there were at least seven types of missiles (and "perhaps more") for Iskander, including one cruise missile.
Teresa Bertinotti
Teresa Bertinotti (also known as Teresa Bertinotti-Radicati) (1776 – 12 Feb 1854) was an Italian soprano and voice teacher. She created leading roles in several operas, including Simon Mayr's Ginevra di Scozia.

Ginevra di Scozia
Ginevra di Scozia is an opera in two acts by Simon Mayr set to an Italian libretto by Gaetano Rossi based on Antonio Salvi's Ginevra, principessa di Scozia, which in turn was adapted from cantos 5 and 6 of Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso. Ginevra di Scozia premiered on 21 April 1801 at the Regio Teatro Nuovo in Trieste to celebrate the inauguration of the new theatre. The story is virtually identical to that of Handel's Ariodante which shares the same source for the libretto.
Adaora Elonu
Adaora Nnenna Elonu Listenⓘ (born 28 April 1990) is a Nigerian-American professional basketball player and a member of the Nigeria women's national team. Elonu played college basketball for Texas A&M, with whom she won the 2011 NCAA Championship.

2011 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament
The 2011 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament began on March 19, 2011, and concluded on April 5, 2011. The Texas A&M Aggies won the championship, defeating the Notre Dame Fighting Irish 76–70 in the final held at Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis.

The tournament was also notable for a historic run by Gonzaga that ultimately ended in the final of the Spokane Region. With the help of two games on their home court and a regional held less than two miles away, the #11-seeded Bulldogs became the lowest seed ever to make a regional final in the history of the women's tournament.

Coincidentally, #11 seed VCU reached the men's Final Four, the third #11 to advance that far since the men's tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1985.

LSU, which reached five consecutive Final Fours from 2004 to 2008, did not qualify for the first time since 1998.
Belleville City Council
Belleville City Council is the governing body for the city of Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

The council consists of the Mayor of Belleville, Neil Ellis and 8 ward councillors across its two wards, 6 are elected from the first ward and 2 from the second. Each councillor serves on various city committees. The council operates in the Belleville City Hall.

Municipal elections are held every four years. The last election took place October 24, 2022.

Neil Ellis (politician)
Neil R. Ellis (born 1962) is a Canadian politician, currently serving as the mayor of Belleville, Ontario. He is a former Liberal Member of Parliament, who was elected to represent the riding of Bay of Quinte in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2015 federal election. In the 2019 federal election, Ellis was reelected as the Member of Parliament for the Bay of Quinte. He was defeated in the 2021 federal election.
Ekaterina Gubanova
Ekaterina Gubanova (Russian: Екатерина Губанова; born 1979) is a Russian mezzo-soprano opera singer who has  performed at major international opera houses, including the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, the Paris Opera, the Metropolitan Opera in New York, the Royal Opera in London, the Vienna State Opera, the Salzburg Festival, and the Bavarian State Opera in Munich.

Salzburg Festival
The Salzburg Festival (German: Salzburger Festspiele) is a prominent festival of music and drama established in 1920. It is held each summer, for five weeks starting in late July, in Salzburg, Austria, the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart's operas are a focus of the festival; one highlight is the annual performance of Hofmannsthal's play Jedermann (Everyman).

Since 1967, an annual Salzburg Easter Festival has also been held, organized by a separate organization.
Canton of Le Mans-5
The canton of Le Mans-5 is an administrative division of the Sarthe department, northwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Le Mans.

It consists of the following communes:

Le Mans (partly)

Le Mans
Le Mans (/ləˈmɒ̃/; French: [lə mɑ̃] ⓘ) is a city in northwestern France on the Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Mans. Le Mans is a part of the Pays de la Loire region.

Its inhabitants are called Manceaux (male) and Mancelles (female). Since 1923, the city has hosted the 24 Hours of Le Mans, the world's oldest active endurance sports car race. The event is among the most attended and prestigious motor sports events in the world.