hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Allahabad Observatory
The Allahabad Observatory, located in Jhusi, a suburb of Prayagraj (formerly Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India, is the centre responsible for maintaining the Indian Standard Time (IST), which translates to an exact time difference of 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) i.e. UTC+05:30. Sits right at 25.15°N, 82.5°E, lining up with the meridian they picked for India’s one time zone. The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in New Delhi regulates the real precise time stuff with atomic clocks, but this observatory’s was tasked to figure local time as a reference point.

National Physical Laboratory of India
The CSIR- National Physical Laboratory of India, situated in New Delhi, is the measurement standards laboratory of India. It maintains standards of SI units in India and calibrates the national standards of weights and measures.
Avalanche (magazine)
Avalanche was an American New York City-based arts magazine that existed for the six years between 1970 and 1976. 13 issues, all in black and white, were produced. Avalanche was co-founded and co-edited by Willoughby Sharp and Liza Béar. Their aim was to cover Postminimalism from the artist's perspective, exploring conceptual art, minimal art, performance art, and land art.

Postminimalism
Postminimalism is an art term coined (as post-minimalism) by Robert Pincus-Witten in 1971 and used in various artistic fields for work which is influenced by, or attempts to develop and go beyond, the aesthetic of minimalism. The expression is used specifically in relation to music and the visual arts, but can refer to any field using minimalism as a critical reference point. 
In music, postminimalism refers to music following minimal music.
Venice, Florida
Venice is a city in Sarasota County, Florida, United States. The city includes what locals call "Venice Island", a portion of the mainland that is accessed via bridges over the artificially created Intracoastal Waterway. The city is located in Southwest Florida. As of the 2020 Census, the city had a population of 25,463, up from 20,748 at the 2010 Census. Venice is part of the Sarasota metropolitan area.

Intracoastal Waterway
The Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) is a 3,000-mile (4,800 km) inland waterway along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States, running from Massachusetts southward along the Atlantic Seaboard and around the southern tip of Florida, then following the Gulf Coast to Brownsville, Texas. Some sections of the waterway consist of natural inlets, saltwater rivers, bays, and sounds, while others are artificial canals. Maintained, improved, and extensively dredged where necessary by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, it provides a navigable route along its length without many of the hazards of travel on the open sea.
Giedrė Purvaneckienė
Giedrė Purvaneckienė (born 1945) is a Lithuanian politician and academic. She was one of the founders and initial instructors of the Women's Studies Centre in Vilnius. She served as the state advisor on women, children, and the family from 1994 to 2000 to the government of Lithuania and the United Nations Development Program. She was a member of the Seimas between 2001 and 2004 and 2012 to 2016. Purvaneckienė led the Lithuanian delegation of the Baltic Assembly between 2004 and 2005, before becoming president of the Assembly in 2015.

Baltic Assembly
The Baltic Assembly (BA) is a regional organisation that promotes intergovernmental cooperation between Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. It attempts to find a common position in relation to many international issues, including economic, political and cultural issues. The decisions of the assembly are advisory.

The budget of the BA is funded by the three members' governments. The official languages of the Baltic Assembly are Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian. The headquarters and secretariat of the organization are located in Riga, Latvia.
The Fourteenth Man
The Fourteenth Man is a lost 1920 American silent comedy film starring Robert Warwick and Bebe Daniels. It was directed by Joseph Henabery and produced and distributed by Paramount Pictures.

This film is an adaption of F. Anstey's play, The Man from Blankley's. It was remade a decade later as a talkie, The Man from Blankley's, at Warner's with John Barrymore.

This film had several alternate titles i.e.: The Romantic Meddler, The Trouble Hunter, Hunting Trouble.

Bebe Daniels
Phyllis Virginia "Bebe" (/ˈbiːbiː/) Daniels (January 14, 1901 – March 16, 1971) was an American actress, singer, dancer, writer, and producer.

She began her career in Hollywood during the silent film era as a child actress, became a star in musicals such as Rio Rita (1929), and later gained fame on radio and television in Britain. Over the course of her 50-year career, Daniels appeared in 230 films.
Name of Brazil
The name Brazil is a shortened form of Terra do Brasil ("Land of Brazil"), a reference to the brazilwood tree. The name was given in the early 16th century to the territories leased to the merchant consortium led by Fernão de Loronha, to exploit brazilwood for the production of wood dyes for the European textile industry.

The term for the brazilwood tree in Portuguese, pau-brasil, is formed by pau ("wood") and brasa ("ember"), the latter referring to the vivid red dye that can be extracted from the tree. The word brasa is formed from Old French brese ("ember, glowing charcoal").

Fernão de Loronha
Fernão de Loronha (c. 1470 or earlier – c. 1540), whose name is often corrupted to Fernando de Noronha or Fernando della Rogna, was a prominent 16th-century Portuguese merchant of Lisbon, of Jewish descent.  He was the first charter-holder (1502–1512), the first donatary captain in Brazil and sponsor of numerous early Portuguese overseas expeditions.  The islands of Fernando de Noronha off the coast of Brazil, discovered by one of his expeditions and granted to Loronha and his heirs as a fief in 1504, are named after him.
Borani (tribe)
The Borani (Greek: Βορανοί, romanized: Boranoi, Anglicized: Borans) (or Boradi, romanized: Boradoi as called by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus) were a tribe whose ethnicity is debated (though probably Sarmatian or Scythian) that dwelt on the Ister. They were mentioned by the Greek historian Zosimus in his work New History alongside the Goths, Carpi and Urugundi. And by St. Gregory Thaumaturgus in his work Epistola Canonica.

Gregory Thaumaturgus
Gregory Thaumaturgus or Gregory the Miracle-Worker (Ancient Greek: Γρηγόριος ὁ Θαυματουργός, Grēgórios ho Thaumatourgós; Latin: Gregorius Thaumaturgus; c. 213 – c. 270), also known as Gregory of Neocaesarea, was a Christian bishop of the 3rd century. He has been canonized as a saint in the Catholic and Orthodox Churches.
Blackwell channel
The Blackwell channel is a deterministic broadcast channel model used in coding theory and information theory. It was first proposed by mathematician David Blackwell. In this model, a transmitter transmits one of three symbols to two receivers. For two of the symbols, both receivers receive exactly what was sent; the third symbol, however, is received differently at each of the receivers. This is one of the simplest examples of a non-trivial capacity result for a non-stochastic channel.

Deterministic system
In mathematics, computer science and physics, a deterministic system is a system in which no randomness is involved in the development of future states of the system. A deterministic model will thus always produce the same output from a given starting condition or initial state.
Jordan Morris
Jordan Perry Morris (born October 26, 1994) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a winger or forward for Major League Soccer club Seattle Sounders FC. He grew up on Mercer Island, Washington, and joined the Sounders youth academy before playing college soccer at Stanford University.

Morris won the Hermann Trophy in his senior season at Stanford and was called up to the United States national team, scoring in a friendly against Mexico. He signed for Seattle's senior team in 2016 as a Homegrown Player, winning an MLS Cup in his rookie season and a second title in 2019. Morris was loaned to EFL Championship side Swansea City in early 2021, but returned after four matches due to an ACL tear.

In 2025, Morris passed up former teammate Raúl Ruidíaz for the most goals in Seattle Sounders FC history with a total of 87 goals.

Raúl Ruidíaz
Raúl Mario Ruidíaz Misitich (Spanish pronunciation: [raˈul rujˈðiaθ misiˈtitʃ]; born 25 July 1990) is a Peruvian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Liga 1 club Atlético Grau.

His nickname, "The Flea", stems from his small frame and his ability to get past defenders with great ball control. Ruidíaz began his career at Universitario de Deportes in Peru and later played for Chilean Primera División club Universidad de Chile and Monarcas Morelia in Liga MX between stints with Universitario. He joined Seattle Sounders FC in 2018 and became their all-time top goalscorer in Major League Soccer play during his seven seasons with the club.
Adolphus Humbles
Adolphus Humbles (1845–1926) was a merchant, toll road operator, and an early supporter of the Virginia Theological Seminary in Lynchburg, Virginia (a precursor to Virginia University of Lynchburg). The University's main building, Humbles Hall, is named for him. He was African American.

Virginia University of Lynchburg
Virginia University of Lynchburg (VUL) is a private historically black Christian university in Lynchburg, Virginia. VUL offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs primarily focused on religious studies, business, and the liberal arts. Academically, VUL is structured into three main schools: the School of Religion, School of Business Administration, and School of Liberal Arts & Sciences.

VUL is accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS). The campus is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
2020 in Michigan
Events from the year 2020 in Michigan.

Major stories in Michigan during 2020 included the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan, the Gretchen Whitmer kidnapping plot, the George Floyd protests in Michigan, the Edenville Dam collapse and flooding, Gary Peters' victory over John E. James in the 2020 United States Senate election in Michigan, and Joe Biden's victory over Donald Trump in the 2020 United States presidential election in Michigan.

John James (Michigan politician)
John Edward James (born June 8, 1981) is an American politician, businessman, and former military officer serving as the U.S. representative for Michigan's 10th congressional district since 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he was the party’s nominee for U.S. Senate in 2018 and 2020.

In 2022, James declared his candidacy in Michigan's redrawn 10th congressional district, a seat he won and was re-elected to in 2024.

On April 7, 2025, James announced his candidacy for governor of Michigan in the 2026 election.
Hesper (pilot boat)
The Hesper was a 19th-century Boston pilot boat built in 1884, designed from a model by Dennison J. Lawlor as a Boston yacht and pilot-boat for merchant and ship owner George W. Lawler. She was known to be the largest pilot boat under the American flag at 104 feet long and the fastest of the Boston fleet. She competed in several first-class sailing races, and in 1886, the Hesper won the silver cup in what was known as the first Fishermen's Race. She was withdrawn from the pilot service and sold in 1901. The Hesper became a wreck on the point off Cape Henlopen in 1919.

Cape Henlopen
Cape Henlopen is the southern cape of the Delaware Bay along the Atlantic coast of the United States. It lies in the state of Delaware, near the town of Lewes, where the Delaware Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean. Off the coast on the bay side are two lighthouses, called the Harbor of Refuge Light and the Delaware Breakwater East End Light.
Erica Armstrong Dunbar
Erica Armstrong Dunbar is an American historian at Emory University. She was previously a distinguished Charles and Mary Beard Professor of History at Rutgers. An historian of African American women and the antebellum United States, Dunbar is the author of A Fragile Freedom: African American Women and Emancipation in the Antebellum City (2008) and Never Caught: The Washingtons’ Relentless Pursuit of Their Runaway Slave, Ona Judge (2017). Never Caught was a National Book Award for Nonfiction finalist and winner of the Frederick Douglass Prize.

Frederick Douglass Book Prize
The Frederick Douglass Book Prize is awarded annually by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History and the Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition at Yale University.

It is a $25,000 award for the most outstanding non-fiction book (or pair of books) of the year in English on the subject of slavery, abolition, or antislavery movements. It was first awarded in 1999.
José Guimarães (politician)
José Nobre Guimarães (born 13 February 1959) is a Brazilian lawyer and politician, member of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil representing the state of Ceará and a member of the Workers' Party (PT).

Guimarães is one of the eleven children of Mr. Sebastião and Mrs. Laiz. He is brother of José Genoino, former president of the Workers' Party and former member of the Brazilian parliament.

In Ceará, he served for two terms as a member of the Legislative Assembly, also serving, most of the time, as leader of the Workers' Party. Before that, he was state president of the party for 8 years.

Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)
The Chamber of Deputies (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current president of the chamber is the Deputy Hugo Motta (Republicanos-PB), who was elected on 1 February 2025.
Franz Stangl
Franz Paul Stangl (German: [ˈʃtaŋl̩]; 26 March 1908 – 28 June 1971) was an Austrian police officer and commandant of the Nazi extermination camps Sobibor and Treblinka in World War II.

Stangl, an employee of the T-4 Euthanasia Program and an SS commander in Nazi Germany, became commandant of the camps during the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust. After the war he fled to Brazil for 16 years. In those 16 years he worked for Volkswagen do Brasil before he was arrested in 1967, extradited to West Germany, and tried there for the mass murder of one million people. In 1970, he was found guilty and sentenced to the maximum penalty, life imprisonment. He died of heart failure six months later.

Volkswagen do Brasil
Volkswagen do Brasil Ltda. is a subsidiary arm of Volkswagen Group, established in 1953 with local assembly of the Volkswagen Type 1, from parts imported from Germany. It produced over 20 million vehicles in Brazil having been market leader for the majority of their more-than-sixty-years in existence. Beginning in 1958, the Type 1 ("Fuscas") had a 24-year run as the number one in sales in Brazil. From 1987 until 2012, the Gol was first place in sales.
A Slow Fade to Black
"A Slow Fade to Black" was an American television film broadcast by NBC on March 27, 1964, as part of the television series, Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre. Rod Serling wrote the screenplay, and Benny Carter provided the music. Rod Steiger starred and was nominated for an Emmy for outstanding performance by an actor in a leading role.

16th Primetime Emmy Awards
The 16th Emmy Awards, later known as the 16th Primetime Emmy Awards, were presented on May 25, 1964.  The ceremony was hosted by Joey Bishop and E. G. Marshall.  Winners are listed in bold and series' networks are in parentheses.

The top shows of the night were repeat winners. The Defenders won its third consecutive Drama Emmy, while The Dick Van Dyke Show won its second straight Comedy Emmy. The Dick Van Dyke Show tied the record (since broken) for most major category wins, with five.
Amityville: A New Generation
Amityville:  A New Generation is a 1993 American direct-to-video supernatural horror film directed by John Murlowski. It is the seventh film based on The Amityville Horror, and stars Ross Partridge, Julia Nickson-Soul, Lala Sloatman, David Naughton, Richard Roundtree, and Terry O'Quinn.

Richard Roundtree
Richard Arnold Roundtree (July 9, 1942 – October 24, 2023) was an American actor. He was best known for his portrayal of private detective John Shaft in the 1971 film Shaft and four of its sequels, Shaft's Big Score! (1972), Shaft in Africa (1973), its 2000 sequel and its 2019 sequel, as well as the television series (1973–1974). He was also known for featuring in several TV series, including Roots, Generations, and Desperate Housewives.

Considered "the first black action hero", Roundtree was credited with having an impact on the rise of African American leading actors in Hollywood projects, thanks to his successful performances in the genre. His portrayal of Shaft as a bold, confident, and charismatic figure also influenced cinematic depictions of black men and black masculinity, a contrast to black men in films prior to Shaft having often been portrayed as mild-mannered or servile.
Winged unicorn
A winged unicorn or flying unicorn is a mythical ungulate, typically portrayed as a horse, with feathered wings like a pegasus and the horn of a unicorn. It is further featured in modern popular culture and fiction.

Winged horse
A winged horse, flying horse, or pterippus is a kind of mythical creature, mostly depicted as a horse with the wings of a bird. Winged horses appear in the mythologies of various cultures including, but not limited to, Greek mythology, Chinese Mythology, and Hindu mythology. Multiple types and variations of mythological horses exist across cultures, however, of those that can fly, many possess winged features, avian or otherwise.
Peter Sauder
Peter Sauder is a Canadian film and TV writer, television producer and animator best known for his contributions to Nelvana franchises such as Care Bears (whose three movies he wrote), Babar, Strawberry Shortcake and Star Wars: Droids. Peter, who is originally from Toronto, wrote the first ever story for another hit Nelvana series, Franklin. He is sometimes credited as Pete Sauder.

Sauder also served as head writer for the first season (1983–84) of DiC's Inspector Gadget (the first season was co-produced with Nelvana), as well as Disney Channel/CBC's live-action series The Edison Twins. In the late 1990s, he was story editor for the animated television programs Rolie Polie Olie and Donkey Kong Country.

Sauder started his career working as animator on A Cosmic Christmas, Romie-0 and Julie-8, Intergalactic Thanksgiving and Easter Fever.

Among his later projects are Lunar Jim, The Doodlebops, The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! and Doki.

The Doodlebops
The Doodlebops is a Canadian live action musical-comedy children's television series produced by Cookie Jar Entertainment (now WildBrain) for CBC Television in Canada, although the series aired in the United States on Disney Channel's Playhouse Disney (now known as Disney Junior) from April 11, 2005 to November 17, 2007. The series combines music, choreography, humour, and skits to teach social lessons. It included scenes from a concert in front of preschool audiences being participated actively.
Miss Earth México 2013
The 12th annual Miss Earth México pageant was held at Hotel Barceló of Huatulco, Oaxaca on October 26, 2013. Thirty-two contestants of the Mexican Republic competed for the national title, which was won by Kristal Silva from Tamaulipas who later competed in Miss Earth 2013 in Philippines where she was a Finalist in the Top 8. Silva was crowned by outgoing Miss Earth México titleholder Paola Aguilar. She is the second Tamaulipeca to win this title.

Miss Earth México
Miss Earth México is an annual beauty pageant in Mexico. The winner of Miss Earth Mexico obtains the right to represent the country in the Miss Earth pageant, the third most important beauty festival in the world, where the goal is to promote environmental protection.
Tracey Moffatt
Tracey Moffatt AO (born 12 November 1960) is an Indigenous Australian artist who primarily uses photography and video.

In 2017, she represented Australia at the 57th Venice Biennale with her solo exhibition, "My Horizon". Her works are held in the collections of the Tate, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, National Gallery of Australia, Art Gallery of South Australia and Art Gallery of New South Wales.

She lives in Sydney and has previously resided in New York City.

Though she is best known for her photographic works, Moffatt has created numerous films, documentaries and videos. Her work often focuses on Australian Aboriginal people and the way they are understood in cultural and social terms.

Art Gallery of New South Wales
The Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW), founded as the New South Wales Academy of Art in 1872 and known as the National Art Gallery of New South Wales between 1883 and 1958, is located in The Domain, Sydney, Australia. It is the most important public gallery in Sydney and one of the largest in Australia.

The gallery's first public exhibition opened in 1874. Admission is free to the general exhibition space, which displays Australian art (including Indigenous Australian art), European and Asian art. A dedicated Asian Gallery was opened in 2003.
Circle 1: Live in Germany Concert
Circle 1: Live in Germany Concert (also issued as Circle 1: Live in German Concert) is a live album by Circle, a free jazz quartet that featured multi-instrumentalist Anthony Braxton, pianist Chick Corea, double bassist Dave Holland, and drummer Barry Altschul. It was recorded by German radio on November 28, 1970, in Iserlohn, West Germany, during an extended European tour that also took the group to the Netherlands, Belgium, and France, and was released on vinyl in 1971 by CBS/Sony Japan. Along with Circle 2: Gathering, the album was reissued on CD by Corea's Stretch label during the 1990s.

The album features two compositions by Holland, "Toy Room" and "Q and A" (incorrectly listed as "O and A"), presented as a medley, followed by the jazz standard "There Is No Greater Love". All three pieces would later appear on the live album Paris Concert, recorded during February 1971 and released by ECM in 1972.

Barry Altschul
Barry Altschul (born January 6, 1943, in New York City) is an American free jazz and hard bop drummer, who first came to notice in the late 1960s for performing with pianists Paul Bley and Chick Corea.
Munster Schools Junior Cup
The Munster Schools Junior Cup or  Munster Junior Cup is the under-age rugby union competition for schools affiliated to the Munster Branch of the IRFU with team members under 16 years of age.

The competition has been traditionally dominated by Cork city's major rugby playing schools  P.B.C. claiming the most titles (32)and C.B.C. with 19 titles. The County Tipperary school Rockwell College has won 20 titles, with the remaining titles (23 in all), won by mostly Limerick schools with the exception of one West Cork school, Bandon Grammar School. The Limerick wins are largely due to contributions from Crescent College and St. Munchin's with seven victories respectively.

Crescent College
Crescent College Comprehensive SJ, formerly known as the College of the Sacred Heart, is a Catholic secondary school located on 40 acres (160,000 m2) of parkland at Dooradoyle, Limerick, Ireland. The college is one of a number of Jesuit schools in Ireland.