hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ernst Henry Krause
Ernst H. Krause (2 May 1913 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin – 23 August 1989 in Newport Beach, California) was an American nuclear physicist and aerospace executive. He participated in early radar and rocketry research at the Naval Research Laboratory as the first chairman of the Upper Atmosphere Research Panel, working with Milton Rosen and succeeded by James Van Allen. His body of work includes experiments studying the upper atmosphere after World War II using captured V-2 rockets. From 1947 to 1951 he was involved in the first atomic testing at Enewetak Atoll in the Pacific, and later worked at the Lockheed Missiles and Space Company. In 1955 he started the Systems Research Corporation, which later became Ford Aerospace.

Milton Rosen
Milton William Rosen (July 25, 1915 – December 30, 2014) was a United States Navy engineer and project manager in the US space program between the end of World War II and the early days of the Apollo Program.  He led development of the Viking and Vanguard rockets, and was influential in the critical decisions early in NASA's history that led to the definition of the Saturn rockets, which were central to the eventual success of the American Moon landing program. He died of prostate cancer in 2014.
Hypogymnia
Hypogymnia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as tube lichens, bone lichens, or pillow lichens. Most species lack rhizines (root-like attachment organs on the lower surface) that are otherwise common in members of the Parmeliaceae, and have swollen lobes that are usually hollow. Other common characteristics are relatively small spores and the presence of physodic acid and related lichen products. The lichens usually grow on the bark and wood of coniferous trees.

Hypogymnia was proposed by lichenologist William Nylander, first as a subgenus of Parmelia in 1881, and 15 years later as a distinct genus of two species, including the widespread and common type species, Hypogymnia physodes. It has since grown to about 90 recognized species. Hypogymnia has a centre of biodiversity in China, where many of its species are found.

Rhizine
In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures arising mainly from the lower surface. A lichen with rhizines is termed rhizinate, while a lichen lacking rhizines is termed erhizinate. Rhizines serve only to anchor the lichen to their substrate; they do not absorb nutrients, as plant roots do. Characteristics of the rhizines are used to identify lichens, for example, whether they are dense or sparse, uniformly distributed or clumped in specific areas, and straight or branched. Only foliose lichens may possess rhizines, not crustose or fruticose lichens, which lack a lower cortex.

Rhizohyphae are a type of attachment structure on some lichens. Rhizohyphae are more slender than rhizines and are one cell thick in diameter. Rhizohyphae often occur as a felt-like hyphal mass.
HMS Nizam
HMS Nizam was a Repeat Admiralty M-class destroyer that served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on those of the preceding L class, capable of higher speed. Nizam had a largely uneventful war. Joining the Fourteenth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet in 1916, the vessel was soon involved in an exercise that involved most of the dreadnoughts of the First and Third Battle Squadrons but did not take part in any fleet actions. In 1917, the destroyer was a participant in anti-ship and anti-submarine patrols, but these were unsuccessful and the ship did not engage any enemy warships. After the Armistice that ended the war, Nizam was initially put in reserve and then sold in 1921 to be broken up.

1st Battle Squadron
The 1st Battle Squadron was a naval squadron of the British Royal Navy consisting of battleships.  The 1st Battle Squadron was initially part of the Royal Navy's Grand Fleet.  After World War I the Grand Fleet was reverted to its original name, the Atlantic Fleet. The squadron changed composition often as ships were damaged, retired or transferred.
Adventures of Tarzan
Adventures of Tarzan is a 1985 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Babbar Subhash, starring Hemant Birje, Dalip Tahil, Kimi Katkar and Om Shivpuri. The film was much talked about in its time, mainly due to the steamy scenes between the lead actors and popular hit songs. After the release of the film the male leading actor Hemant Birje was popularized as the 'Indian Tarzan' by Indian newspapers. On the other hand, the main female protagonist actress Kimi Katkar was tagged as 'Sex-Siren' for her erotic portrayal in the film.

Dalip Tahil
Dalip Tahil (born Dalip Tahilramani; 30 October 1952) is an Indian film, television and theatre actor. He is best known for his work in Baazigar (1993), Raja (1995), Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke (1993) and Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), Pyaar Ki Miss Call (2009) along with actor Gaurav Prateek. In the UK, he appeared in the BBC soap opera EastEnders as Dan Ferreira, the head of the Ferreira family, from June to December 2003.
Sesqui Islands
The Sesqui Islands are an island group located in the Coronation Gulf, south of Victoria Island, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. Other island groups in the vicinity include the Bate Islands, Jameson Islands, Outpost Islands, Richardson Islands, and Sisters Islands.

Bate Islands
The Bate Islands are an island group located in the Coronation Gulf, south of Victoria Island, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. Other island groups in the vicinity include the Miles Islands, Nauyan Islands, Outpost Islands, Richardson Islands, and Sisters Islands.
Henry Knox Trail
The Henry Knox Trail, also known as the Knox Cannon Trail, is a network of roads and paths which traces the route of Colonel Henry Knox's "noble train of artillery" from Crown Point to the Continental Army camp outside Boston, Massachusetts, early in the American Revolutionary War.

Fort Crown Point
Fort Crown Point was built by the combined efforts of British and Colonial troops from New York and the New England Colonies in 1759 at a narrows on Lake Champlain on the border between New York and Vermont. It was constructed to secure the region against the French in upstate New York near the town of Crown Point, and it was the largest earthen fortress built in the American colonies. The fort's ruins are a National Historic Landmark administered as part of Crown Point State Historic Site.
Chattambikkavala
Chattambikkavala is a 1969 Indian Malayalam-language crime thriller film, directed by N. Sankaran Nair and written by Muttathu Varkey. The film stars Sathyan, Srividya, Adoor Bhasi and Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair. It is based on Muttathu Varkey's novel of the same name.

Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair
Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair (16 October 1916 – 11 March 1997) was an Indian poet, playwright, script writer, lyricist, orator, film director and actor, though he is best known as an actor in Malayalam cinema. He is the recipient of Padma Shri from the Government of India, which the fourth highest civilian honour in India. In a career that spanned about 47 years, he acted in over 700 films. He is considered to be the "first superstar of Malayalam cinema". In 1993, he was honoured with the J. C. Daniel Award, Kerala government's highest honour for contributions to Malayalam cinema.
Albert, King of Saxony
Albert (23 April 1828 – 19 June 1902) was King of Saxony from 29 October 1873 until his death in 1902.

He was the eldest son of Prince John (who succeeded his brother Frederick Augustus II on the Saxon throne as King John in 1854) by his wife Amalie Auguste of Bavaria.

Albert had a successful military career, leading Saxon troops that participated in the First Schleswig War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War.

Frederick Augustus II of Saxony
Frederick Augustus II (German: Friedrich August II.; 18 May 1797 – 9 August 1854) was King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.

He was the eldest son of Maximilian, Prince of Saxony – younger son of the Elector Frederick Christian of Saxony – by his first wife, Caroline of Bourbon, Princess of Parma.
Muhammad Yunus (scholar)
Muhammad Yunus Choudhury (Bengali: মুহম্মদ ইউনুস চৌধুরী; 1906 – 14 February 1992), popularly known as Haji Muhammad Yunus (Bengali: হাজী মুহম্মদ ইউনুস), was a Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and educationist. He was the second rector of Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya, former president of Idarat al-Maʿarif and an active member of the Muslim World League. As the founding president of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh, Yunus contributed to the establishment and renovation of roughly 1500 madrasas in Bangladesh. He was awarded the title of Shaykh al-ʿArab wa al-ʿAjam by the Imam of Masjid al-Haram.

Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya
Al-Jāmiʿah Al-Islāmiyyah Patiya (Arabic: الجامعة الإسلامية فتية, Bengali: আল জামিয়া আল ইসলামিয়া পটিয়া), better known simply as Patiya Madrasa (Bengali: পটিয়া মাদ্রাসা) and formerly known as Al-Madrasah Aḍ-Ḍamīriyyah Qāsim al-ʿUlūm (Arabic: المدرسة الضميرية قاسم العلوم, Bengali: জমিরিয়া কাসেমুল উলূম), is a Qawmi Madrasah located in Patiya Upazila of Chittagong District, Bangladesh. It was established in 1938 by Azizul Haq under the direction of Zamiruddin Ahmad. It is also known as an International Islamic University. It has a role in the promotion of Islam in Bangladesh, inclusion of Qawmi Madrasas under one syllabus, providing modern and higher education for scholars.
Look at Me Girl
Look at Me Girl is the fifteenth studio album by the American singer Bobby Vee, and was released in October 1966 by Liberty Records. The album featured the debut of Vee's backup band, The Strangers. The only single from the album was "Look at Me Girl".

The album contains original songs as well as the covers such as "Sunny", "Sweet Pea" and "Turn-Down Day".

The album peaked at No. 102 on the Cashbox albums chart.

The album was released on compact disc by Beat Goes On on February 14, 2001, as tracks 1 through 12 on a pairing of two albums on one CD with tracks 13 through 24 consisting of Vee's 1967 album, Come Back When You Grow Up.

Sweet Pea (song)
"Sweet Pea" is a bubblegum pop song written and performed by Tommy Roe.  It was produced by Gary S. Paxton
and featured on his 1966 album, Sweet Pea.  In the lyrics, the singer spots a girl at a dance whom her friends call "Sweet Pea."  There's no explanation of how she got this nickname.  After dancing with her, he suggests they go for a walk where he tells her he loves her and wants her to be his girl.

The song contains a drum break at the start of the recording.
Phạm Thận Duật
Phạm Thận Duật (chữ Hán: 范慎遹, 1825–1885) was a high-ranking mandarin serving in the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam. He and Tôn Thất Phan, representing emperor Tự Đức's court, signed the Treaty of Huế with France. He participated in the anti-colonial Cần Vương resistance and died while being sent to exile in Tahiti by the French. Knowledge of his role in the resistance was hidden or lost for many decades after his death; he was thought to have been a French collaborator for having signed the treaty.

He was also a celebrated historian who was in charge of the National History Institute (Quốc Sử Quán) and the Imperial College (Quốc Tử Giám). He was the final editor of The Imperially Ordered Annotated Text Completely Reflecting the History of Vietnam, a Chinese-language history of Vietnam commissioned by the emperor Tự Đức, and the mentor of future emperors Dục Đức and Đồng Khánh. There is now a prize for doctoral theses in History named after him, the Phạm Thận Duật Award.

Dục Đức
Dục Đức (chữ Hán: 育德, IPA: [zùkp ɗɨ́k]; born Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Ái, 23 February 1852 – 6 October 1883), was Emperor of Vietnam for three days, from 20 to 23 July 1883. He was the fifth emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty and father of Emperor Thành Thái, who ruled from 1889 to 1907.
A. V. Thamarakshan
A. V. Thamarakshan (born 24 April 1946) is a politician from the South Indian state of Kerala. He has been member of Kerala Legislative Assembly multiple times. he started his political career with RSP which later on split to form RSP (Bolshevik). RSP(B) went on to merge with Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy in 2009. Thamarakshan has also been independent candidate. In September 2021, he elected as the president of the JSS.

Kerala Legislative Assembly
The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA).
Edith Hall Dohan
Edith Hayward Hall Dohan (31 December 1877–14 July 1943) was an American archaeologist who earned Bryn Mawr College's first classical archaeology Ph.D. Hall was part of an excavation team with Harriet Boyd in her early career that most notably brought the first Mycenaean and pre-Mycenaean collection to be displayed in America. Hall later wrote The Decorative Art of Crete in the Bronze Age, which was published in 1906 that breaks down the evolution of the art and pottery in Crete from the Bronze Age.

Bryn Mawr College
Bryn Mawr College (/brɪn ˈmɑːr/ brin MAR, Welsh: [brɨn ˈmaur]) is a private women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885, Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges, a group of historically women's colleges in the United States. The college has an enrollment of about 1,350 undergraduate students and 450 graduate students. It was one of the first women's colleges in the United States to offer graduate education through a PhD.
Together Pangea
Together Pangea (sometimes stylized as together PANGEA) is an American rock band from Santa Clarita, California that is based in Los Angeles, California. The group has released five studio albums and are currently signed to Nettwerk Records.

Nettwerk Music Group
Nettwerk Music Group is an independent record label founded in 1984.

The Vancouver-based company was created by principals Terry McBride and Mark Jowett. Initially specializing in electronic music such as alternative dance and industrial, the label expanded its roster to include pop, rock and numerous singer-songwriters. Nettwerk has played an impactful role in many artists' careers, such as Coldplay, Sarah McLachlan, and Barenaked Ladies.

The label was named Billboard's "Indie Power Players" list in 2024 and 2025.
The Story of the Lost Special
"The Story of the Lost Special", sometimes abbreviated to "The Lost Special", is a mystery short story by Arthur Conan Doyle first published in The Strand Magazine in August 1898. A minor character in the story is possibly implied to be Doyle's character Sherlock Holmes, though his name is not used and this character does not provide the mystery's solution. The story's narrative mode is third person, subjective, though the narrator is not identified.

The Strand Magazine
The Strand Magazine was a monthly British magazine founded by George Newnes, composed of short fiction and general interest articles. It was published in the United Kingdom from January 1891 to March 1950, running to 711 issues, though the first issue was on sale well before Christmas 1890.
Its immediate popularity is evidenced by an initial sale of nearly 300,000. Sales increased in the early months, before settling down to a circulation of almost 500,000 copies a month, which lasted well into the 1930s.

It was edited by Herbert Greenhough Smith from 1891 to 1930. The popularity of Sherlock Holmes became widespread after first appearing in the magazine in 1891. The magazine's original offices were on Burleigh Street off The Strand, London. It was revived in 1998 as a quarterly magazine.
Saskia Post
Saskia Post (1 August 1960 – 16 March 2020) was a US-born Australian actress. She is best known for her leading role in the 1986 film Dogs in Space. Post also acted in the 1985 film Bliss and the 1991 film Proof, as well as numerous Australian television series.

Bliss (1985 film)
Bliss is a 1985 Australian comedy-drama film directed by Ray Lawrence, and co-written by Lawrence and Peter Carey, based on Carey's 1981 novel of the same name. It stars Barry Otto, Lynette Curran and Helen Jones.

After a rocky start – 400 of the 2000-strong audience walked out during its first screening at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival – the film went on to receive multiple awards at the AFI awards.
Crows Zero 2
Crows Zero 2 (クローズZERO II, Kurōzu Zero 2) is a 2009 Japanese action film directed by Takashi Miike, written by Shogo Muto and produced by Mataichiro Yamamoto. It is a sequel to Crows Zero, where Shun Oguri, Kyōsuke Yabe, Meisa Kuroki and Takayuki Yamada reprise their roles from the prequel.

Crows Zero 2 was released in Japan on April 11, 2009.

Shun Oguri
Shun Oguri (小栗 旬, Oguri Shun; born December 26, 1982) is a Japanese actor, son of stage director Tetsuya Oguri, and the youngest of 3 siblings, including older brother Ryo, who is also an actor.

He started in small roles as extra in the works in which his father and brother worked. He began his official acting career at the age of 13 in the TV drama Hachidai Shogun Yoshimune (1995). With over 100 credits to his name, Oguri's extensive filmography includes Lupin the 3rd, Crows Zero and Gintama. He directed his first film in 2010, Surely Someday, a drama in which he had a cameo role. Oguri made his Hollywood debut in Godzilla vs. Kong in 2021. As a voice actor, in 2005, he lent his voice in Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie: Conqueror of Shamballa as Alfons Heiderich, as well as other characters in other series.

In 2023 he became president of Tristone Entertainment, the agency to which he belongs.
2009 Saarland state election
The 2009 Saarland state election was held on 30 August 2009 to elect the members of the Landtag of Saarland. It was held on the same day as state elections in Saxony and Thuringia. The incumbent Christian Democratic Union (CDU) government led by Minister-President Peter Müller lost its majority. The CDU subsequently formed a coalition with the Free Democratic Party (FDP) and The Greens, and Müller was re-elected as Minister-President. This was the first Jamaica coalition formed in Germany.

2009 Saxony state election
The 2009 Saxony state election was held on 30 August 2009 to elect the members of the 5th Landtag of Saxony. The incumbent grand coalition of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Social Democratic Party (SPD) led by Minister-President Stanislaw Tillich retained its majority. However, the CDU chose to discontinue the coalition in favour of forming government with the Free Democratic Party (FDP). Tillich was subsequently re-elected as Minister-President.
Tsomon Ling
Tsomon Ling, Tsomonling, Tsome Ling, Chomoling (Tibetan: ཚེ་སྨོན་གླིང།, Wylie: tshe smon gling, THL: tsé mön ling or Tsho smon gling - pronounced 'Tsemonling') is a temple in inner Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, south of the Ramoche Temple, and on the corner of one of the main roads, Dekyi Shar Lam. It was one of the Four Royal Colleges or Regency Temples (Ling Shi or gLing bzhi) of Lhasa built during the 17th century after the Fifth Dalai Lama assumed both temporal as well as spiritual power. The other three Ling are Tengye Ling, Kunde Ling, and Drib Tsemchok Ling.

Kundeling Monastery
Kundeling Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Lhasa, Tibet. It was founded around 1794, and follows the Gelug school. The head of the monastery belongs to a lineage of incarnations that dates back to 1402. There is dispute over the current incarnation. The monastery was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, then rebuilt in the 1980s.
Rod Smith (American football coach)
Rod Smith (born February 22, 1973) is an American football coach and former player who is currently the offensive coordinator at Marshall. Smith previously served as the interim head coach, offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach at Jacksonville State and Illinois.

Rich Rodriguez
Richard Alan Rodriguez (/rɒd.ˈriː.ɡjɛz/; born May 24, 1963), also known as Rich Rod, is an American college football coach and former player. He is the current head football coach at West Virginia University, his second stint with his alma mater. Rodriguez previously was the head football coach at Salem University, Glenville State College, the University of Michigan, the University of Arizona, and Jacksonville State University. In 2011, Rodriguez worked as an analyst for CBS Sports.
Zulfiqar Hussain Dogar
Malik Zulfiqar Hussain Dogar (Urdu: ملک ذوالفقار حسین ڈوگر), is a Pakistani former footballer who played as a defender. He is considered as one of the most prominent Pakistani footballers of the 1980s, Dogar played for WAPDA during the 1980s, He also represented the Pakistan national football team, winning the 1989 South Asian Games with the team.

WAPDA F.C.
WAPDA Football Club serves as the football section of Water & Power Development Authority. It is based in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The club used to compete in the National Football Championship and Pakistan Premier League. The club regularly participates in the National Football Challenge Cup.

WAPDA has been Pakistan champions 8 times, winning four titles in the National Football Championship, and four Pakistan Premier League titles including the inaugural edition in 2004. They are the only Pakistani club to finish the season unbeaten in the 2007–08 season.
Dankbaarheid
Dankbaarheid, also written as Dankbaarheit or Dankbaarheyt, was an 18th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company.

Dankbaarheid was a merchant ship and made multiple voyages from Goeree, Dutch Republic to Batavia, the Dutch East Indies. In 1781 she was captured by the Royal Navy during the Battle of Saldanha Bay. In 1782 she sank in a gale in the Indian Ocean.

Goeree-Overflakkee
Goeree-Overflakkee (Dutch pronunciation: [ɣuˌreː ˈoːvərflɑˌkeː]) is a delta island and an administrative municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands, with a population of 50,589. It is the largest island by land area in the Netherlands after the man-made Flevopolder.

Goeree-Overflakkee is separated from the islands of Voorne-Putten and Hoeksche Waard by the Haringvliet, from the mainland of North Brabant by the Volkerak, and from Schouwen-Duiveland by Lake Grevelingen.

Despite being part of the province of South Holland, the island's scenery and dialect are more closely related to Zeeland than to Holland. On the island they speak a form of Zeelandic, namely Goereês in the west and Flakkees in the east.
1917 Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities by-election
The 1917 Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities by-election was held on 10 August 1917.  The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir Christopher Johnston, becoming a Senator of the College of Justice.  It was won by the Conservative candidate Watson Cheyne, who was unopposed due to a War-time electoral pact.

At a meeting of the electors on 10 August 1917, Sir William Watson Cheyne, Professor of Clinical Surgery at King's College, London, was elected in place of Sir Christopher Nicholson Johnston KC, who has been appointed to judicial office.

Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities
Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities was a university constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1868 until 1918. It was merged with the Glasgow and Aberdeen Universities constituency to form the Combined Scottish Universities constituency.