hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Great North Mountain
Great North Mountain is a 50-mile (80 km) long mountain ridge within the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians in the U.S. states of Virginia and West Virginia.  The ridge is located west of the Shenandoah Valley  and Massanutten Mountain in Virginia, and it is east of the Allegheny Mountains and Cacapon River in West Virginia.

Shenandoah Valley
The Shenandoah Valley (/ˌʃɛnənˈdoʊə/) is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the eastern panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The Valley is bounded to the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains, to the west by the eastern front of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians (excluding Massanutten Mountain), to the north by the Potomac River, to the south by the James River, and to the Southwest by the New River Valley. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the Valley plus the Virginia Highlands to the west and the Roanoke Valley to the south. It is physiographically located within the Ridge and Valley Province and is a portion of the Great Appalachian Valley.
Vincent Alvares
Vicente Alvares (c. 1680 – 19 November 1738) was a Portuguese priest born in Belbatta, in the island of Chorão in 1680. He was a medical practitioner and chemist of King John V of Portugal. In 1713, he accompanied the General of the Arraial of Ponda, Antonio do Amaral Sarmento, to Sunda in Kanara. He would supply medicines free of charge to all army men and auxiliaries in Salcette. After the death of his second wife, he entered the priesthood and died in Margão on the 19 November 1738.

Kanara
Kanara, also known as Canara and Karāvali, is the historically significant stretch of land situated by the southwestern coast of India, alongside the Arabian Sea in the present-day Indian state of Karnataka. The subregion comprises three civil districts, namely: Uttara Kannada, Udupi, and Dakshina Kannada. Kasaragod was included prior to the States Reorganisation Act.
Djarum
PT Djarum (Indonesian pronunciation: [ˈdʒarʊm]) is an Indonesian cigarette manufacturer and conglomerate based in Kudus, Central Java. It produces dozens of domestic and international brands, mainly kretek (clove cigarette). Djarum Black, Super, and L.A. Lights are among the most popular products of Djarum. Under its direct parent, PT Dwimuria Investama Andalan (also known as Djarum Group), it has non-cigarette business lines in technology, banking, and food.

The company owns the PB Djarum, a professional badminton club, the Italian football club Como, and was the main sponsor of Indonesia's top football league, including the Divisi Utama from 2005 to 2008 and Indonesia Super League (ISL), from 2008 to 2011.

Kudus, Indonesia
Kudus (Javanese: ꦏꦸꦢꦸꦱ꧀) is the capital and the namesake of the Kudus Regency in Central Java, Indonesia. Its name has an Arabic etymology (Arab: القدس al-Quds) connected to its foundation by the legendary figure Sunan Kudus. It also houses the mosque established by Sunan Kudus named Menara Kudus Mosque, one of the most important and influential mosques in Indonesia. According to the 2010 census, its population was 92,776, but by mid-2022 this had declined to 88,635.

During the Dutch East Indies era, Kudus was the seat of the Kudus Regency which was a part of Semarang Residency dating back to 1817. From 1928 to 1931, it was the seat of the short-lived Koedoes Residency, which incorporated the regency as well as the neighboring Demak and Jepara regencies.
West-Veluws dialect
West-Veluws is a Low Franconian dialect of the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is spoken in several Veluwe municipalities and villages including: Nunspeet, Putten, Ermelo (Armelo), Harderwijk (Harderwiek), Uddel, Nijkerk (Niekark), Appel, Scherpenzeel (Schaarpezeel), the municipality of Barneveld (Barreveld) and some villages of the municipality of Ede.

West-Veluws is also spoken in the Utrecht village of Bunschoten (Bunsjoten) and originally in Leusden and Amersfoort as well, but here the dialect has almost died out. The border between West-Veluwe in the northeast and Utrecht and South Gelderland in the southwest is very frayed: even the dialects of, for instance, Soest, Eemnes, Huizen and Laren still have Lowlands Saxon characteristics. In the articles Goois, Eemlands and Geldersevalleis these transitional dialects are discussed in more detail.

Bunschoten
Bunschoten (pronounced [ˈbʏnsxoːtə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht.  It lies about 7 km north of Amersfoort.  Its territory comprises the original municipality of Bunschoten (created in 1204 by the bishop of Utrecht) and the former municipality of Duyst, De Haar and Zevenhuizen, which was a part of Hoogland from 1854 until 1971.
Hooksett, New Hampshire
Hooksett is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 14,871 at the 2020 census, up from 13,451 at the 2010 census. The town is located between Manchester, the state's largest city, and Concord, the state capital. A prominent landmark is Robie's Country Store, a National Historic Landmark and a frequent stop for presidential candidates during the New Hampshire primary.

The central village in town, where 5,283 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Hooksett census-designated place and is located at a bridge crossing of the Merrimack River. The town also contains the census-designated place of South Hooksett.

Merrimack River
The Merrimack River (or Merrimac River, an occasional earlier spelling) is a 117-mile-long (188 km) river in the northeastern United States. It rises at the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Winnipesaukee rivers in Franklin, New Hampshire, flows southward into Massachusetts, and then flows northeast until it empties into the Gulf of Maine at Newburyport. From Pawtucket Falls in Lowell, Massachusetts, onward, the Massachusetts–New Hampshire border is roughly calculated as the line three miles north of the river.

The Merrimack is an important regional focus in both New Hampshire and Massachusetts. The central-southern part of New Hampshire and most of northeast Massachusetts is known as the Merrimack Valley.

Several U.S. naval ships have been named USS Merrimack and USS Merrimac in honor of this river. The river is also known for the early American literary classic A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers by Henry David Thoreau.
Đuro Bošković
Đuro Bošković (Brčeli, February 6, 1914 – Belgrade, May 2, 1945) was a Yugoslav lawyer, revolutionary, participant of the National Liberation struggle and an officer of the Department for People's Protection (OZNA).  Bošković became particularly prominent during the World War II battle of Sutjeska when he reported to the military commanding staff that even though they lost two-thirds of the fighters, they could count on them as being in full force.

Case Black
Case Black (German: Fall Schwarz), also known as the Fifth Enemy Offensive (Serbo-Croatian Latin: Peta neprijateljska ofanziva) in Yugoslav historiography and often identified with its final phase, the Battle of the Sutjeska (Serbo-Croatian Latin: Bitka na Sutjesci pronounced [bîtka na sûtjɛst͡si]), was a joint attack by the Axis. Taking place from 15 May to 16 June 1943, it aimed to destroy the main Yugoslav Partisan force, near the Sutjeska River in south-eastern Bosnia. The failure of the offensive marked a turning point for Yugoslavia during World War II. It was also the last major German-Italian joint operation against the partisans.

The operation immediately followed Case White which had failed in accomplishing the same objectives: to eliminate the central Partisan formations and capture their commander, Josip Broz Tito.
Queen Seonhui
Queen Seonhui of the Gyeongju Gim clan (Korean: 선희왕후 김씨; Hanja: 宣禧王后 金氏, d. 17 March 1126) was the second wife of King Sunjong of Goryeo and his primary wife when he was still a crown prince.

She entered the palace as the crown princess consort (태자비; 太子妃) to the Sunjong who was then still a crown prince and became his favourite since they were close to each other and had a good relationship. However, for some reason, she was hated badly by her father-in-law and eventually expelled from the palace by the King's order before her husband ascended the throne. Since she lived in "Yeonbok Palace" (연복궁; 延福宮), she was then given a royal title of Princess Yeonbok (연복궁주; 延福宮主) in 1126.  On 17 March 1126, she died after about 43 years outlived than her late husband and received her posthumous name, also buried in Seongneung tomb (성릉; 成陵) along with him in 1130 under King Injong's command.

Injong of Goryeo
Injong (29 October 1109 – 10 April 1146), personal name Wang Hae, was the 17th monarch of the Korean Goryeo dynasty. He was the eldest son of King Yejong and Queen Sundeok, the daughter of Yi Cha-gyŏm. His reign saw two major internal crises that nearly ended the Goryeo dynasty, the collapse of the Northern Song dynasty, and the establishment of the Jin dynasty as the dominant power in East Asia.
Kellen Dunham
Kellen Dunham (born June 18, 1993) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana All-Americans of The Basketball League (TBL). He played college basketball for the Butler Bulldogs. At Pendleton Heights High School in Pendleton, Indiana, Dunham led the state of Indiana in scoring as a senior with 29.5 points per game and was named Herald Bulletin Player of the Year. Dunham committed to Butler on July 7, 2010, and was highly regarded by recruiting services. As a freshman, he was a 2012–13 Atlantic 10 All-Rookie Team selection. He scored 16.4 points per game as a sophomore and was named to the 2013–14 All-Big East Second-team. He was a 2014–15 All-Big East First-team selection as a junior.

2012–13 Atlantic 10 Conference men's basketball season
The 2012–13 Atlantic 10 Conference men's basketball season marked the 37th season of Atlantic 10 Conference basketball. The season marked the first for new members Butler and VCU, and the last for departing members Temple and Charlotte. The 2013 Atlantic 10 men's basketball tournament was held for the first time at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York.
Parsee Rustomjee
Rustomjee Jivanji Ghorkhodu (1861 – 14 November 1924), commonly known as Parsee Rustomjee, and by various orthographic variations including Parsi Rustomji and affectionately referred to as Kakaji, was an Indian-South African philanthropist and businessman, well known for his close mentorship, guidance and financial sponsorship of Mahatma Gandhi during his time in South Africa from 1893 to 1914.

Rustomjee was the largest South African contributor to the satyagraha (non-violent resistance). His various philanthropic deeds include establishing the Indian hospital in Durban; the M. K. Gandhi Library and Parsee Rustomjee Hall; Parsee Rustomjee Orphanage; M. K. Gandhi Tamil School; an orphanage connected with the mosque at Umgeni; an Indian orphanage of the Roman Catholic Church; and part of the cost of a Methodist day school. He also supported several projects of Gandhi in India. There is a primary school in Merebank, KwaZulu-Natal bearing his name.

Satyagraha
Satyāgraha or "truth force", is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. Someone who practises satyagraha is a satyagrahi.

The term satyagraha was coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) as early as 1919.
Gandhi practised satyagraha as part of the Indian independence movement and also during his earlier struggles in South Africa for Indian rights. Satyagraha theory influenced Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's campaigns during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, as well as Nelson Mandela's struggle against apartheid in South Africa and many other social-justice and similar movements.
Grete Scherzer
Grete Scherzer (1932 – 2007) was an Austrian classical pianist who gained international prominence in the late 1940s and early 1950s. After winning the Schubert Prize in Geneva in 1949 at the age of 16, she established a successful concert and recording career in Great Britain, performing at venues such as Wigmore Hall and the Royal Festival Hall. A frequent broadcaster, her performances were regularly featured on the BBC Third Programme, and she was among the early pianists to appear on British television.

A prolific recording artist for the Parlophone label, she was particularly known for her interpretations of Mozart, Schubert, Schumann, and Ravel. In 2024, some of her recordings from the early 1950s were remastered and reissued.

After marrying the British architect Rex Raab in 1957, Scherzer withdrew from the international concert stage and lived in Germany, where she remained active in anthroposophical circles until her death at 74.

Wigmore Hall
The Wigmore Hall is a concert hall at 36 Wigmore Street, in west London. It was designed by Thomas Edward Collcutt and opened in 1901 as the Bechstein Hall; it is considered to have particularly good acoustics. It specialises in performances of chamber music, early music, vocal music and song recitals, and hosts over five hundred concerts each year, as well as a weekly concert broadcast on BBC Radio 3. It has been a Grade II listed building since 1966.
Dan Thiessen
Nicholas Dan Thiessen (May 27, 1946 – November 1, 2014) was an American football player and coach.  He served as the head football coach at Tabor College in Hillsboro, Kansas from 1978 to 1980 and again from 1993 to 1998 and at McPherson College in McPherson, Kansas from 1986 to 1992.  Thiessen played professionally in the Canadian Football League (CFL).

Tabor College (Kansas)
Tabor College is a private Mennonite college in Hillsboro, Kansas, United States. It is owned and operated by four districts of the U.S. Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches and describes its theological identity as Evangelical/Anabaptist. There were 742 students enrolled across all programs for the fall 2025 semester, with 567 students attending at the main Hillsboro campus.
Samsung Galaxy Xcover 7
The Samsung Galaxy XCover 7 is a mid-range rugged Android-based smartphone manufactured and developed by Samsung Electronics, the basic model was released on January 23, 2024, while the Pro model was released on May 7, 2025. It is the successor to the Galaxy Xcover 5 and the Galaxy XCover 6 Pro. It features 6 GB of Memory, with 128 GB of Storage, and MicroSD Card support up to 1TB. It supports Dual-Sim, and uses Nano-SIM form factor. It also features a USB-C port which uses the USB 2.0 standard. It weighs 240g and has a 4050 mAh battery.

Samsung Galaxy Xcover 6 Pro
The Samsung Galaxy Xcover 6 Pro is an Android-based smartphone designed, marketed, and manufactured by Samsung Electronics. It was announced on June 29, 2022.

The Galaxy Xcover 6 Pro was succeeded by the Galaxy Xcover 7 Pro in 2025.
Mental Cruelty
Mental Cruelty is a German deathcore band formed in 2014 in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg. The band's lineup currently consists of vocalist Lukas Nicolai, guitarists Marvin Kessler and Nahuel Lozano, bassist Viktor Dick and drummer Jonathan Koltun. The band have released four studio albums with their latest being Zwielicht, released on 23 June 2023 through Century Media Records. They have also released one EP and one demo. Mental Cruelty are currently signed to Century Media Records.

Century Media Records
Century Media Records is a German heavy metal record label with offices in Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.
Deer Valley Music Festival
The Deer Valley Music Festival is the summer home of the Utah Symphony and Utah Opera. It occurs each summer in July and August in Park City, Utah at the Deer Valley Resort, St. Mary's Church, Temple Har Shalom, and salon performances in local homes. The festival features the Utah Symphony and its guests performing chamber music, symphonic music, opera, and popular music.

The festival is known for collaborations between popular artists and the Utah Symphony including Elvis Costello, LeAnn Rimes, Gladys Knight, Frederica von Stade, Jewel, Tony Bennett, Ben Folds, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, Pink Martini, Randy Travis, Idina Menzel, Kansas, and Earth, Wind & Fire.

No festival was held in 2020.

Kansas (band)
Kansas is an American Organ rock band formed in Topeka, Kansas in 1973. They became popular during the 1970s initially on album-oriented rock charts and later with hit singles such as "Carry On Wayward Son" and "Dust in the Wind". The band has produced nine gold albums, three multi-platinum albums (Leftoverture 5x, Point of Know Return 4×, and The Best of Kansas 4×), one other platinum studio album (Monolith), one platinum live double album (Two for the Show), and a million-selling single, "Dust in the Wind". Kansas appeared on the US Billboard charts for over 200 weeks throughout the 1970s and 1980s and played to sold-out arenas and stadiums throughout North America, Europe and Japan. "Carry On Wayward Son" was the second-most-played track on US classic rock radio in 1995 and No. 1 in 1997. Jason Ankeny of AllMusic referred to Kansas as "staples" of classic rock radio.
Crystal twinning
Crystal twinning occurs when two or more adjacent crystals of the same mineral are oriented so that they share some of the same crystal lattice points in a symmetrical manner. The result is an intergrowth of two separate crystals that are tightly bonded to each other. The surface along which the lattice points are shared in twinned crystals is called a composition surface or twin plane.

In crystallography twinned crystals are described by a number of twin laws, which are specific to the crystal structure. The type of twinning can be a diagnostic tool in mineral identification. There are three main types of twinning. The first is growth twinning which can occur both in very large and very small particles. The second is transformation twinning, where there is a change in the crystal structure. The third is deformation twinning, in which twinning develops in a crystal in response to a shear stress, and is an important mechanism for permanent shape changes in a crystal.

Shear stress
Shear stress (often denoted by τ, Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section.  Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cross section on which it acts.
Undercover Men
Undercover Men is a 1934 Canadian Western film directed by Sam Newfield and starring Charles Starrett, Adrienne Dore, Kenne Duncan and Wheeler Oakman. It was made in Toronto by the B-movie company Booth Productions. With a plot following the activities of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the film contains elements of a Northern.

In 1934 it was released as a quota quickie in the United Kingdom by MGM, as it was eligible for the British quota having been made within the British Empire.

Kenne Duncan
Kenne Duncan (February 17, 1903 – February 5, 1972) was a Canadian-born American B-movie character actor. Hyped professionally as "The Meanest Man in the Movies," the vast majority of his over 250 appearances on camera were Westerns, but he also did occasional forays into horror, crime drama, and science fiction. He also appeared in over a dozen serials.
2024 IWBF Women's Repechage
The 2024 IWBF Women’s Repechage was held at the Asue Arena Osaka in Osaka, Japan, between 17 and 20 April 2024.  Germany, Japan, Spain and Canada qualified for a place at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France.

Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium
Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium (大阪市中央体育館, Ōsaka-shi Chūō Taiikukan), also known as the Asue Arena Osaka (Asueアリーナ大阪) for sponsorship reasons, is an indoor sporting arena located in Minato-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The arena was opened on 1996. From 1 March 2018 onwards, the arena was named as Maruzen Intec Arena Osaka (丸善インテックアリーナ大阪) after Maruzen Intec secured naming rights for the arena. The name was changed to the current one in 2022 as Maruzen Intec renamed their company as Asue.

This arena was built in Yahataya Park in the Osaka Bay area. The arena is all underground and the roof is covered with planting.
Blackbird Ventures
Blackbird Ventures is an Australian venture capital firm that provides seed and early-stage funding to Australian and New Zealand startups, including Canva, Airwallex, Zoox and VeVe. It has raised over $1 billion in capital and as of April 2023 manages 5 funds.

Zoox
Zoox, Incorporated is an American technology company subsidiary of Amazon developing driverless vehicles that provide mobility as a service. It is headquartered in Foster City, California, and has offices of operations in the San Francisco Bay Area and Seattle. Zoox is a part of the Amazon Devices & Services organization along with other Amazon units like Amazon Lab126, Amazon Alexa, and Kuiper Systems.
Anne B. Ragde
Anne Birkefeldt Ragde (born 3 December 1957) is a Norwegian novelist.

Ragde was born in Odda Municipality and made her literary debut in 1986 with the children’s book Hallo! Her er Jo! Since then, she has written several books for children and young adults, among them a biography about Sigrid Undset, for which she was awarded the Brage Prize. Her first novel for adults, En tiger for en engel was published in 1990. She has since written several novels, crime novels and short story collections. Her novel Berlin Poplars received a warm welcome from both readers and critics, and has so far sold more than 250 000 copies in Norway, and is translated to more than 15 languages. It was reviewed favorably by the Financial Times on 28 April 2008.  The sequels Hermit Crabs and Pastures Green were a no lesser success, although neither have been published in English. The trilogy has been made into a TV series, which had more than 1 million viewers when showed on Norwegian Television.

Sigrid Undset
Sigrid Undset (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈsɪ̂ɡːɾiː ˈʉ̂nːseːt]; 20 May 1882 – 10 June 1949) was a Danish-born Norwegian novelist. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928.

Born in Denmark and raised in Norway, Undset had her first books of historical fiction published in 1907. She fled Norway for the United States in 1940 because of her opposition to Nazi Germany and the German invasion and occupation of Norway, but returned after the end of World War II in Europe in 1945.

Her best-known work is Kristin Lavransdatter, a trilogy about life in Norway in the Middle Ages, portrayed through the experiences of a woman from birth until death. Its three volumes were published between 1920 and 1922.
Shanty Town (TV series)
Shanty Town is a Nigerian crime thriller television series created by Xavier Ighorodje and Chichi Nworah and produced by Chinenye Nworah, the six-part series was released to Netflix on 20 January 2023. The series stars Chidi Mokeme, Ini Edo, Richard Mofe-Damijo, Nse Ikpe-Etim, Sola Sobowale,  Nancy Isime, Shaffy Bello, Ali Nuhu and a host of others.

Chidi Mokeme
Chidi Mokeme // ⓘ (born 17 March 1972) is a Nigerian actor and reality show host. He was the host of Gulder Ultimate Search reality show. Acclaimed for his film and TV performances, he is also noted as a style icon.
John Erskine (judge)
John Erskine (September 13, 1813 – January 27, 1895) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia and the United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia.

United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia
The United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (in case citations, N.D. Ga.) is a United States district court which serves the residents of forty-six counties. These are divided up into four divisions.

Appeals from cases brought in the Northern District of Georgia are to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).