hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gyali
Gyali (Greek: Γυαλί "glass", also spelled Giali or Yali, pronounced [ʝaˈli]) is a Greek volcanic island in the Dodecanese, located halfway between the south coast of Kos (Kardamaina) and Nisyros. It consists of rhyolitic obsidian lava domes and pumice deposits (which are mined in huge quantities). No historical eruptions are known, but the most recent pumice eruptions overlie soils containing pottery and obsidian artifacts from the Neolithic period (10,000–4,500 BC). The island has two distinct segments, with the northeastern part almost entirely made of obsidian and the southwestern part of pumice. These are connected by a narrow isthmus and beach made of modern reef sediments. Anciently, the island was known as Istros (Ancient Greek: Ἴστρος).

Kos
Kos or Cos (/kɒs, kɔːs/; Greek: Κως [kos]) is a Greek island, which is part of the Dodecanese island chain in the southeastern Aegean Sea. Kos is the third largest island of the Dodecanese, after Rhodes and Karpathos; it has a population of 37,089 (2021 census), making it the second most populous of the Dodecanese after Rhodes. The island measures 42.1 by 11.5 kilometres (26 by 7 miles). Administratively, Kos constitutes a municipality within the Kos regional unit, which is part of the South Aegean region. The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality is the town of Kos.
Hello (Mamamoo EP)
Hello is the debut extended play by South Korean girl group Mamamoo. It was released by WA Entertainment on June 18, 2014 and distributed by CJ E&M Music. It contains seven songs, including the single "Mr. Ambiguous", which was used to promote the album. The album was preceded by three additional singles—collaborations with Bumkey, K.Will and Wheesung, and Geeks. The album is a mix of musical styles, including R&B, hip hop, and funk.

Bumkey
Kwon Ki-bum (Korean: 권기범, born September 22, 1984), known as Bumkey (범키), is a South Korean R&B singer under Brand New Music. He made his musical debut in 2010 as part of the hip hop duo 2winS and is currently a member of the Korean hip hop and R&B quartet Troy.
Mycocerosate synthase
In enzymology, a mycocerosate synthase (EC 2.3.1.111) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

long-chain acyl-[mycocerosate synthase] + n methylmalonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+  multi-methyl-branched acyl-[mycocerosate synthase] + n CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+

The 4 substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA, methylmalonyl-CoA, NADPH, and H+, whereas its 4 products are multi-methyl-branched acyl-[mycocerosate synthase], CoA, CO2, and NADP+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:methylmalonyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (decarboxylating, oxoacyl- and enoyl-reducing). This enzyme is also called mycocerosic acid synthase.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
Prudence Island
41°37′01″N 71°18′59″W﻿ / ﻿41.6170°N 71.3164°W﻿ / 41.6170; -71.3164

Prudence Island is the third-largest island in Narragansett Bay (after Aquidneck Island and Conanicut Island) in the state of Rhode Island and part of the town of Portsmouth, Rhode Island, United States. Prudence Island is also the largest island in the Bay without road access to the mainland. It is accessible year-round via a ferry service operating from Bristol, Rhode Island.

The island is located near the geographic center of the bay. It is defined by the United States Census Bureau as Block Group 3, Census Tract 401.03 of Newport County, Rhode Island. As of the 2010 census, the population was 278 people living on a land area of 14.43 km2 (5.57 sq mi).

Bristol, Rhode Island
Bristol is a town in Bristol County, Rhode Island, United States, as well as the county seat. The population of Bristol was 22,493 at the 2020 census.  It is a deep water seaport named after Bristol, England. Major industries include boat building and related marine industries, manufacturing, and tourism. The Bristol Warren Regional School District manages the unified school system for Bristol and the neighboring town of Warren. Prominent communities include Portuguese-Americans, mostly Azoreans, and Italian-Americans.
The Donald J. Trump Enduring Flame
The Donald J. Trump Enduring Flame was an art installation in Freedom Plaza, Washington, D.C., United States. The stone sculpture was installed at Freedom Plaza on October 28, 2024, and depicted a hand holding a tiki torch in reference to the Unite the Right rally (2017).

According to NPR, "the tiki torch refers to Trump's role in an episode of recent history that many consider shameful and that Democrats have tried to use against him as he runs for reelection".

Tiki torch
A tiki torch is a pole-mounted torch, typically made of bamboo, that originated in the tiki culture of the mid-20th-century United States, which has increased in popularity and spread to other places as a popular party decoration with a tropical island aesthetic. Though early mass-produced torches were made of aluminum or other metals, the most familiar style of tiki torch consists of a bamboo stick with a container of flammable fluid at the top, and then a lit wick drawing from that container.
Gillis Wilson
Gillis R. Wilson III (born October 15, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the fifth round of the 2000 NFL draft after playing college football for the Southern Jaguars.

Wilson was also a member of the New York Giants, Arizona Cardinals, Rhein Fire, Georgia Force, Kansas City Brigade, Grand Rapids Rampage and Dallas Vigilantes.

Dallas Vigilantes
The Dallas Vigilantes were an Arena Football League (AFL) team based in Dallas, Texas. Like its AFL predecessor, the Dallas Desperados, the Vigilantes played at the American Airlines Center. The Vigilantes and the Jacksonville Sharks began play in the 2010 season, the first after the league's restructuring. The franchise was owned by former Tampa Bay Storm owner Peter C. Kern and was managed by Stephen Evans. Vigilantes games were broadcast on the radio on 1190 AM and television coverage was provided by Time Warner Cable Sports.
Peacemaker (1990 film)
Peacemaker is a 1990 American science fiction action film written and directed by Kevin Tenney, and produced by Charles W. Fries and Joel Levine. The film follows a doctor who becomes involved in a conflict between two extraterrestrials. Peacemaker stars Robert Davi, Lance Edwards, and Robert Forster.

Kevin S. Tenney
Kevin S. Tenney (born October 16, 1955) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter, best known for directing horror movies such as Witchboard (1986), and Night of the Demons (1988). He also wrote Night of the Demons 3 (1997).
Tom Walsh (footballer)
Tom Walsh (born 11 July 1996) is a Scottish footballer who most recently played for Inverness Caledonian Thistle in the Scottish Championship. He became the youngest player to make an appearance for Rangers in Scottish league football, when he played for them aged 16 in 2012. He also had loan spells with Stenhousemuir, Dumbarton and St Mirren during his Ibrox career. Since leaving Rangers, Walsh has had spells with Limerick in the League of Ireland and Dumbarton. Walsh would spend two years with Inverness in his first spell, before joining Ayr United for a season. He represented Scotland at various youth international levels.

Dumbarton F.C.
Dumbarton Football Club is a semi-professional football club in Dumbarton, Scotland. Founded on 23 December 1872, they are one of the oldest football clubs in Scotland.

The club plays home games at the Dumbarton Football Stadium next to Dumbarton Castle. They currently play in Scottish League Two.
W. Richard West Jr.
Walter Richard "Rick" West Jr. (born January 6, 1943) is the president and CEO of the Autry Museum of the American West in Los Angeles. He was the founding director of the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, retiring from the position in 2007. He is also a citizen of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes in Oklahoma and a Peace Chief of the Southern Cheyenne. His professional life has been devoted to serving the American Indian community on cultural, artistic, educational, legal and governmental issues.

Autry Museum of the American West
The Autry Museum of the American West (Autry National Center) is a museum in Los Angeles, California, dedicated to exploring an inclusive history of the American West. Founded in 1988, the museum presents a wide range of exhibitions and public programs, including lectures, film, theater, festivals, family events, and music, and performs scholarship, research, and educational outreach. It attracts about 150,000 visitors annually.

In 2013, it extensively redesigned and renovated the Irene Helen Jones Parks Gallery of Art and the Gamble Firearms Gallery in its main building. In its related opening exhibit for the Parks Gallery, Art of the West, the new organization enabled material to be presented in relation to themes rather than chronology, and paintings were shown next to crafts, photography, video and other elements in new relationships.
Sorbitol
Sorbitol (/ˈsɔː(r)bɪtɒl/), less commonly known as glucitol (/ˈɡluːsɪtɒl/), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the converted aldehyde group (−CHO) to a primary alcohol group (−CH2OH). Most sorbitol is made from potato starch, but it is also found in nature, for example in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is converted to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase. Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2. While similar, the two sugar alcohols have very different sources in nature, melting points, and uses.

As an over-the-counter drug, sorbitol is used as a laxative to treat constipation.

Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Both the negatively charged anion HO−, called hydroxide, and the neutral radical HO·, known as the hydroxyl radical, consist of an unbonded hydroxy group.

According to IUPAC definitions, the term hydroxyl refers to the hydroxyl radical (·OH) only, while the functional group −OH is called a hydroxy group.
Tyagaraja (crater)
Tyagaraja is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1976. Tyagaraja is named for the Indian composer Tyagaraja.  The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

Tyagaraja is the third-largest crater of the Kuiperian system on Mercury, at 97 km diameter, after Bartók crater and Amaral crater.

Hollows are present within Tyagaraja.  Within the extensive hollows of Tyagaraja is a dark spot of low reflectance material (LRM), closely associated with the central peak complex.  Another prominent dark spot is located to the southwest of Tyagaraja, on the north rim of an unnamed crater.

An irregular depression is present within the central peak complex of the crater.  This may be evidence of explosive volcanism.

The larger Phidias is to the north, and the crater Stevenson is to the east.

Mariner 10 image with Tyagaraja at bottom

The interior of Tyagaraja, showing its hollows

Oblique view also showing the hollows

Mariner 10
Mariner 10 was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on 3 November 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was the first spacecraft to visit Mercury and the first to perform a flyby of multiple planets.

Mariner 10 was launched approximately two years after Mariner 9 and was the last spacecraft in the Mariner program. (Mariner 11 and Mariner 12 were allocated to the Voyager program and redesignated Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.)

The mission objectives were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity assist mission. Mariner 10's science team was led by Bruce C. Murray at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Illinois Route 98
Illinois Route 98 (IL 98, Route 98) is an 8.36-mile (13.45 km) east–west state highway located entirely within Tazewell County in central Illinois. The route runs from Route 29 on the border of Pekin and North Pekin east to Interstate 155 (I-155) in Morton. The highway connects Pekin, North Pekin, Morton, and the community of Groveland; it passes through a variety of landscapes between the towns. Route 98 is maintained by the Illinois Department of Transportation.

The state of Illinois created Route 98 in 1924; the original route connected several cities in western Illinois. The eastern section of this route appeared on maps by 1928, and the highway was completed in 1929. In 1939, Route 98 moved to its current alignment. Its eastern terminus was truncated from downtown Morton to I-155 in the 1990s.

Illinois Department of Transportation
The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) is a state agency in charge of state-maintained public roadways of the U.S. state of Illinois.  In addition, IDOT provides funding for rail, public transit and airport projects and administers fuel tax and federal funding to local jurisdictions in the state.  The Secretary of Transportation reports to the Governor of Illinois. IDOT is headquartered in Springfield. In addition, the IDOT Division of Highways has offices in nine locations throughout the state.
Lil Ric
Ritchie Fontaine, also known as Lil Ric is an American rapper from Richmond, California, United States, formerly of No Limit and Noo Trybe Records. Lil Ric has worked with numerous other Californian rappers including Laroo, JT the Bigga Figga, Keak da Sneak,  San Quinn and The Jacka.

Keak da Sneak
Charles Kente Williams (né Bowens; born October 21, 1977), better known by his stage name Keak da Sneak, is an American rapper from Oakland, California. He is known for his gravelly voice, for coining the term "hyphy" in 1994, and for his contributions to the hyphy movement.

He has collaborated frequently with fellow West Coast rapper E-40.
Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock
The Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published by Medknow Publications on behalf of the INDO-US Emergency and Trauma Collaborative. it covers all aspects of emergency medicine, emergency surgery, pre-hospital care, trauma, and shock. The journal was established in 2008 and the editors-in-chief are Kelly P O'Keefe (University of South Florida), Praveen Aggarwal (All India Institute of Medical Sciences), Tracy Sanson (University of South Florida), and L.R. Murmu (All India Institute of Medical Sciences).

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases, EBSCO databases, EmCare, Expanded Academic ASAP, Global Health, ProQuest, PubMed Central, SafetyLit, and Scopus.

CAB Direct
CAB Direct is a source of references for the applied life sciences It incorporates two  bibliographic databases: CAB Abstracts and Global Health. CAB Direct is an access point for multiple bibliographic databases produced by CABI. This database contains over 11 million bibliographic records, which includes  746,000 full text articles. It also includes noteworthy literature reviews. News articles and reports are also part of this combined database. CAB Direct has now migrated to CABI's new platform CABI Digital Library - the new home of CABI's research content.

In the U.K., in 1947, the Imperial Agricultural Bureaux became the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux or CAB. In 1986 the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux became CAB International or CABI.
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
The order of precedence in the United Kingdom is the sequential hierarchy for Peers of the Realm, officers of state, senior members of the clergy, holders of the various Orders of Chivalry, and is mostly determined by, but not limited to, birth order, place in the line of succession, or distance from the reigning monarch. The order of precedence can also be applied to other persons in the three legal jurisdictions within the United Kingdom:

England and Wales

Scotland

Separate orders exist for males and females.

Order of chivalry
An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is a society, fellowship and college of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Christian military orders of the Crusades (c. 1099–1291) and paired with medieval concepts of ideals of chivalry.

Since the 15th century, orders of chivalry, often as dynastic orders, began to be established in a more courtly fashion than could be created ad hoc. These orders would often retain the notion of being a confraternity, society or other association of members, but some of them were ultimately purely honorific and consisted of a medal decoration. In fact, these decorations themselves often came to be known informally as orders. These institutions in turn gave rise to the modern-day orders of merit of sovereign states.
Kazusa Province
Kazusa Province (上総国, Kazusa no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [kaꜜ.(d)zɯ.sa (no kɯ.ɲi), ka.(d)zɯ.saꜜ-]) was a province of Japan in the area of modern Chiba Prefecture. The province was located in the middle of the Bōsō Peninsula, whose name takes its first kanji from the name of Awa Province and its second from Kazusa and Shimōsa provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Sōshū (総州) or Nansō (南総). The borders of Kazusa Province were defined by Shimōsa Province to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east, Awa Province to the south, and Tokyo Bay to the west.

Kazusa was classified as one of the provinces of the Tōkaidō. Under the Engishiki classification system, Kazusa was ranked as a "great country" (大国) and a "far country" in relation to its distance from the capital (遠国). Along with Kōzuke and Hitachi, it was originally one of the provinces where an imperial prince was nominally assigned as governor.

Tokyo Bay
Tokyo Bay (東京湾, Tōkyō-wan) is a bay located in the southern Kantō region of Japan spanning the coasts of Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, and Chiba Prefecture, on the southern coast of the island of Honshu. Tokyo Bay is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Uraga Channel. The Tokyo Bay region is the most populous and the largest industrialized area in Japan.
Ning Jinsheng
Ning Jinsheng (Chinese: 宁津生; October 22, 1932 – March 15, 2020) was a Chinese engineer who was a professor at Wuhan University, a president of Wuhan University of Surveying and Mapping Technology, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE).

Wuhan University
Wuhan University (WHU) is a leading national research university located in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Founded in 1893 as the Ziqiang Institute, Wuhan University is one of China’s oldest and most esteemed universities. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 985, Project 211, and Double First-Class Construction.
Ajkune Ahmetaj
Ajkune Ahmetaj is a Kosovar celebrity hairdresser and philanthropist based in Switzerland. She is the first Albanian hairdresser who has developed her signature hairstyling products and cosmetics. Notable clients include Tayna, Kida, Rina, Dafina Zeqiri, Genta Ismajli, and Elvana Gjata.

Elvana Gjata
Elvana Gjata (Albanian: [ɛlˈvana ˈɟata]; born 3 February 1987) is an Albanian singer-songwriter, actress and entrepreneur. Born and raised in Tirana, she has been referred to as a "Diva of Albanian music". She rose to recognition in Albania and other Albanian-speaking territories in the Balkans following the release of her two studio albums, Mamës (2007) and Afër dhe larg (2011). The singer saw further success through many acclaimed singles, as well as her extended plays 3 (2018) and Çelu (2021), and has achieved multiple number one singles in the Albanian singles chart. Gjata has also received numerous awards and accolades, including two Balkan Music Awards, a Festivali i Këngës Award, four Kënga Magjike Awards and a Top Fest Award.
Thorsten Quaeschning
Thorsten Quaeschning (born 23 February 1977) is a German musician. He is the bandleader of the electronic music group Tangerine Dream which he joined in 2005. He was chosen to continue as leader of the group by founder Edgar Froese shortly before his death in 2015. He performs synthesizers, vocals, guitar and drums.

Edgar Froese
Edgar Willmar Froese (German: [ˈɛtɡaʁ ˈfʁøːzə]; 6 June 1944 – 20 January 2015) was a German musical artist and electronic music pioneer, best known for founding the electronic music group Tangerine Dream in 1967. Froese was the only continuous member of the group until his death. His solo and group recordings prior to 2003 name him as "Edgar Froese", and his later solo albums bear the name "Edgar W. Froese".
Alexander Tchayka
Alexander Nikolaevich Tchayka (Russian: Александр Николаевич Чайка, born 23 July 1974) is a Ukrainian spree killer, also known as The Fur Coat Hunter, convicted of the killing of 4 women in Moscow over a two-week period in early 1994.

Spree killer
A spree killer is someone who commits a criminal act that involves two or more murders in a short time, often in multiple locations. There are differing opinions about what durations of time a killing spree may take place in. The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics has spoken of "almost no time break between murders", but some academics consider that a killing spree may last weeks or months, e.g. the case of Andrew Cunanan, who murdered five people over three months, including fashion designer Gianni Versace.
All the K-pop
All the K-Pop (Korean: 올 더 케이팝) was a South Korean variety show, which aired Tuesday nights on the MBC Music channel. The show was hosted by Boom, Park Jae-min and MBLAQ's Mir.

Episodes 23 and 25 were the two most-viewed Korean videos (not counting music videos and music shows) on YouTube in 2013, and episode 26 ranked eighth. These three videos had 6.7 million views at the end of the year, with about 80 percent them from other countries.

As of 2024, the brand "ALL THE K-POP" is used to promote two other music programs of MBC, Show Champion and Weekly Idol.

Boom (entertainer)
Lee Min-ho (Korean: 이민호; born May 10, 1982), better known as Boom (Korean: 붐), is a South Korean rapper, singer, actor, radio host, and television presenter. He has made numerous television appearances in South Korean comedy shows and has acted in sitcoms as well.