hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
In dubio pro reo
The principle of in dubio pro reo (Latin for "[when] in doubt, rule for the accused") means that a defendant may not be convicted by the court when doubts about their guilt remain.

The rule of lenity is the doctrine that ambiguity should be resolved in favour of the more lenient punishment.

To resolve all doubts in favour of the accused is in consonance with the principle of presumption of innocence.

Presumption of innocence
The presumption of innocence is a legal principle that every person accused of any crime is considered innocent until proven guilty. Under the presumption of innocence, the legal burden of proof is thus on the prosecution, which must present compelling evidence to the trier of fact (a judge or a jury).  If the prosecution does not prove the charges true, then the person is acquitted of the charges. The prosecution must in most cases prove that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. If reasonable doubt remains, the accused must be acquitted.  The opposite system is a presumption of guilt.

In many countries and under many legal systems, including common law and civil law systems (not to be confused with the other kind of civil law, which deals with non-criminal legal issues), the presumption of innocence is a legal right of the accused in a criminal trial.  It is also an international human right under the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 11.
Brighton, Alabama
Brighton is a city near Birmingham, Alabama, United States and located just east of Hueytown. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,337. It is part of the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in 2010 had a population of about 1,128,047, approximately one-quarter of Alabama's population.

It is one of four cities in Jefferson County named after cities in Great Britain. Many of the city's early settlers were of English descent; they named the town after the English tourist and resort city of Brighton, which is located on the English Channel.

Hueytown, Alabama
Hueytown is a city in western Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Birmingham metropolitan area, and was part of the heavy industry development in this area in the 20th century. The population was 16,776 at the 2020 census.

In 1992 the city became known for the unexplained "Hueytown Hum", a mysterious noise later thought to be caused by large underground ventilation fans used in a nearby coal mine.

Its nearby residential and business communities were damaged by an F5 tornado on April 8, 1998 and by an EF4 tornado on April 27, 2011.
Robert Shope
Robert Ellis Shope (February 21, 1929 – January 19, 2004) was an American virologist, epidemiologist and public health expert, particularly known for his work on arthropod-borne viruses and emerging infectious diseases. He discovered more novel viruses than any person previously, including members of the Arenavirus, Hantavirus, Lyssavirus and Orbivirus genera of RNA viruses. He researched significant human diseases, including dengue, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, viral hemorrhagic fevers and Lyme disease. He had an encyclopedic knowledge of viruses, and curated a global reference collection of over 5,000 viral strains. He was the lead author of a groundbreaking report on the threat posed by emerging infectious diseases, and also advised on climate change and bioterrorism.

Arenavirus
An arenavirus is a bi- or trisegmented ambisense RNA virus that is a member of the family Arenaviridae.  These viruses infect rodents and occasionally humans.  A class of novel, highly divergent arenaviruses, properly known as reptarenaviruses, have also been discovered which infect snakes to produce inclusion body disease, mostly in boa constrictors. At least eight arenaviruses are known to cause human disease. The diseases derived from arenaviruses range in severity. Aseptic meningitis, a severe human disease that causes inflammation covering the brain and spinal cord, can arise from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Hemorrhagic fever syndromes, including Lassa fever, are derived from infections such as Guanarito virus, Junin virus, Lassa virus, Lujo virus, Machupo virus, Sabia virus, or Whitewater Arroyo virus. Because of the epidemiological association with rodents, some arenaviruses and bunyaviruses are designated as roboviruses.
Panic Time
Panic Time (German: Panische Zeiten) is a 1980 West German comedy film directed by Peter Fratzscher and starring Udo Lindenberg, Vera Tschechowa and Walter Kohut.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Toni Lüdi. Shooting took place in Dortmund, Hamburg and Munich. The film's soundtrack was released on the album Panische Zeiten.

Vera Tschechowa
Vera Rust (22 July 1940 – 3 April 2024), known as Vera Tschechowa, was a German producer, director, screenwriter, and actress of Russian descent. She appeared in more than 50 films between 1957 and 1996. She was widely known as Elvis Presley's companion, particularly in connection with his Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine (OPV) public booster-advocacy and which they both undertook during Presley's first year in Germany with the U.S. Army (1959).

Her mother, Ada Tschechowa, was the daughter of Michael Chekhov (nephew of the Russian playwright and short story writer, Anton Chekov) and Olga Chekhova. Vera's name appeared, on 6 June 1971, as one of 28 women under the banner "We've had abortions!" ("Wir haben abgetrieben!") on the cover page of the West German magazine Stern. In that issue, 374 women publicly stated that they had had pregnancies terminated, which at that time was illegal.

Vera Tschechowa died in Berlin on 3 April 2024, at the age of 83.
Moejadkatebarry
MoeJadKateBarry is a 1987 EP by Moe Tucker. The title refers to Tucker and the members of her backing band. It's composed of a mixture of re-recordings of recently released outtakes from The Velvet Underground's mid years (1967-1968), covers of songs from the 1950s-1960s, (notably a 1967 song featuring writing from Velvet Underground members John Cale and Lou Reed), and a singular new composition.

Tucker is credited as a co-writer on 3 of the EPs 5 tracks, and the featured players are all members of Half Japanese.

Moe Tucker
Maureen Ann "Moe" Tucker (born August 26, 1944) is an American retired musician, singer, and songwriter who achieved international fame as the drummer of the rock band the Velvet Underground. Tucker occasionally sang lead vocals with the group, including the songs "After Hours" and "I'm Sticking With You".

After the Velvet Underground disbanded in the early 1970s, she took a hiatus to focus on her marriage and family. She returned in the 1980s, and, until the late 2000s, released four studio albums and performed as a session musician. In 1996, Tucker was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Velvet Underground.
Maya Sharma
Maya Sharma is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, played by Sasha Behar. Fans of the program remember Maya for her relationship with Dev Alahan (Jimmi Harkishin) and her feud with Dev's wife Sunita Parekh (Shobna Gulati). Notably, Maya held the pair hostage in her flat and set the building on fire. As she made her escape, Maya was involved in a car crash.

Jimmi Harkishin
James "Jimmi" Harkishin (born 19 March 1965) is a British actor best known for his role as shopkeeper Dev Alahan in Coronation Street, which he has played continuously since 10 November 1999. He also played Ranjit in the film Bhaji on the Beach (1993) and Iyaaz Ali Khan in East is East (1999). Harkishin played Gary Lobo in the Jonathan Creek episode "Danse Macabre".

Harkishin was born in Paris, France to an Indian father (Deepak) and Italian mother (Soni). He has three children, Holli Harkishin, Rajan Harkishin and India Rose Harkishin with partner Susan Beaton.

He began acting in 1986 under the stage name James Harkishin, and played the regular characters of Jose Cuervo for 18 episodes between 1990–93 in the children's TV series Uncle Jack. He also  played Dr. Jay Rahman in the medical drama TV series Medics, appearing for 34 episodes between 1992-95.
Blaine Stoughton
Blaine A. Stoughton (born March 13, 1953) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played twelve professional seasons. Stoughton played nine seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Pittsburgh Penguins, Toronto Maple Leafs, Hartford Whalers and New York Rangers, which bookended three seasons in the World Hockey Association (WHA) split among the Cincinnati Stingers, Indianapolis Racers and New England Whalers.

Cincinnati Stingers
The Cincinnati Stingers were an ice hockey team based in Cincinnati that played in the World Hockey Association from 1975 to 1979 and in the Central Hockey League during the 1979–80 season. Their home arena was Riverfront Coliseum. They are the only major league hockey team to have played in Cincinnati.
Temple of Caesar
The Temple of Caesar or Temple of Divus Iulius (Latin: Aedes Divi Iulii; Italian: Tempio del Divo Giulio), also known as Temple of the Deified Julius Caesar, delubrum, heroon or Temple of the Comet Star, was an ancient structure in the Roman Forum of Rome, Italy, located near the Regia and the Temple of Vesta.

The remains of Caesar's altar are a pilgrimage site for visitors from across Italy and the world. Flowers and other items are left there daily and special commemorations take place on March 15 to commemorate Caesar's death.

Temple of Castor and Pollux
The Temple of Castor and Pollux (Italian: Tempio dei Dioscuri) was an ancient temple in the Roman Forum, Rome, Central Italy. It was originally built in gratitude for victory at the Battle of Lake Regillus (495 BC). Castor and Pollux (Greek Polydeuces) were the Dioscuri, the "twins" of Gemini, the twin sons of Zeus (Jupiter) and Leda. Their cult came to Rome from Greece via Magna Graecia and the Greek culture of Southern Italy.

The Roman temple is one of a number of known Dioscuri temples remaining from antiquity.
Ryan Kalil
Ryan Joseph Kalil (born March 29, 1985) is an American film and television producer and former professional football player. He played as a center in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Carolina Panthers. He was a three-time All-Pro, twice named to the first team, and a five-time Pro Bowl selection.

Kalil played college football for the USC Trojans, where he was a member of two national championship teams, was named a first-team All-American, and won the 2006 Morris Trophy. He was selected by the Panthers in the second round of the 2007 NFL draft, where he played for 12 seasons. He also played one season with the New York Jets. Kalil was selected to the Pro Bowl in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2015.

Pac-12 Conference football individual awards
Coaches of the Pac-12 Conference bestow the following awards at the end of each football season. The conference was founded in its current form as the Athletic Association of Western Universities in 1959, but traces its roots to the Pacific Coast Conference, founded in 1915. The conference name  changed to Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8) in 1968 and  Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) in 1978. The conference's 2011 expansion to 12 members saw the conference formally renamed as the Pac-12 Conference.

After the 2023 season, the Pac-12 lost 10 members to other power conferences, with Oregon State and Washington State as the only remaining members. The conference operated with only those teams in the 2024 and 2025 seasons. The Pac-12 will resume full operation in 2026 with eight football members.
Color the Cover
Color the Cover (stylized as Color The Cover) is the second cover album by Japanese singer-songwriter Koda Kumi, following her 2010 cover album Eternity ~Love & Songs~. It came in at No. 3 on Oricon and remained on the charts for nine weeks.

She covered various popular songs from famous artists, including hide, Shizuka Kudo, Kome Kome Club, Kenji Ozawa, UA and Mayo Okamoto, among others.

Kumi's performance of "Alone," originally by Mayo Okamoto, had previously been placed on her single Koishikute as the coupling track on December 26, 2012.

Shizuka Kudo
Shizuka Kimura (木村 静香, Kimura Shizuka, born 14 April 1970), known by her maiden name Shizuka Kudo (工藤 静香, Kudō Shizuka), is a Japanese singer, actress and former idol, born in Hamura, Tokyo, Japan. She was a member of Onyanko Club between May 1986 and September 1987 and went on to have a successful solo career with 11 number-one hits.
Emlyn
Emlyn was one of the seven cantrefi of Dyfed, an ancient district of Wales, which became part of Deheubarth in around 950.  It consisted of the northern part of Dyfed bordering on the River Teifi. Its southern boundary followed the ridge of the line of hills separating the Teifi valley from the valleys of the Tâf and Tywi.

Deheubarth
Deheubarth (Welsh pronunciation: [dɛˈhəɨbarθ]; lit. 'Right-hand Part', thus 'the South') was a regional name for the realms of south Wales, particularly as opposed to Gwynedd (Latin: Venedotia). It is now used as a shorthand for the various realms united under the House of Dinefwr, but that Deheubarth itself was not considered a proper kingdom on the model of Gwynedd, Powys, or Dyfed is shown by its rendering in Latin as dextralis pars or as Britonnes dexterales ("the Southern Britons") and not as a named land. In the oldest British writers, Deheubarth was used for all of modern Wales to distinguish it from Hen Ogledd (Y Gogledd), the northern lands whence Cunedda originated.
Burns v. United States
Burns v. United States, 274 U.S. 328 (1927), was a United States Supreme Court decision centered around William Burns' arrest in California while acting as a labor organizer for the Industrial Workers of the World (I.W.W.). Despite Burns attempts to claim that his association with the labor group the Industrial Workers of the World did not constitute grounds to convict him and took issue the jury instructions that framed the I.W.W. as an illegal organization, the Supreme Court chose to uphold the California Criminal Syndicalism Act and Burns' conviction. Due to the complexities of the I.W.W.'s relationship to sabotage, and amidst court cases such as Whitney v. California and Fiske v. Kansas favoring the upholding of criminal syndicalism laws, the court maintained that the law was not "void for uncertainty" and that the jury instructions stood.

Whitney v. California
Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357 (1927), was a United States Supreme Court decision upholding the conviction of an individual who had engaged in speech that raised a clear and present danger to society. While the majority of the Supreme Court justices voted to uphold the conviction, the ruling has become an important free speech precedent due to a concurring opinion by Justice Louis Brandeis recommending new perspectives on criticism of the government by citizens. The ruling was explicitly overruled by Brandenburg v. Ohio in 1969.
Schon & Hammer
Schon & Hammer was an American rock duo composed of composer/drummer/keyboardist Jan Hammer and guitarist Neal Schon. They released two studio albums, Untold Passion in 1981 and Here to Stay in 1982 and a collection entitled No More Lies in 1998. Hammer is best known for his soundtrack work on the Miami Vice TV series, and Schon as the guitarist from the band Journey. The duo's second album featured backing vocals by Journey's Steve Perry as well as contributions from former Journey drummer Steve Smith and bassist Ross Valory, and former Styx bassist Glen Burtnik. Each album received 3.5 out of 5 stars from AllMusic.

Here to Stay (Schon & Hammer album)
Here to Stay is the second album by the duo of composer Jan Hammer and guitarist Neal Schon. This album also featured contributions from Schon's bandmates in Journey including songwriting and background vocals from Steve Perry, notable as the only time Schon and Perry collaborated outside of Journey. The song "Self Defense" can be considered an unofficial Journey song as all members of Journey appear (though Jonathan Cain only contributed as a songwriter, instead of contributing keys).

The lead single "No More Lies" featured Schon on vocals and had a music video that was played on MTV.

The album cover is a play on the well known Arm & Hammer brand baking soda.

"Self Defense" would later be re-recorded for Journey's 2005 album Generations (under the title "In Self Defense"), with Schon taking lead vocal duties once again.
Pillalu Diddina Kapuram
Pillalu Diddina Kapuram (transl. Family set right by children) is a 1993 Indian Telugu-language drama film, produced by Sangisetty Dasaradha and Amara Srisaila Rao for Konark Movies and directed by Perala. It stars Jagapathi Babu, Divyavani, Kinnera, Master Tarun with music composed by Vidyasagar.

Vidyasagar (composer)
Upadrasta Vidya Sagar, better known as Vidyasagar (born 2 March 1963) is an Indian composer, musician and singer who works predominantly in the Tamil, Malayalam, and Telugu film industries. After working with several composers as assistant and conductor, Vidyasagar made his debut as a film composer in the 1989 Tamil film Poo Manam and is nicknamed as "Melody King". Working for over 225 feature films, he is the recipient of one National Award, multiple State Awards and five Filmfare Awards. He is widely regarded as one of the finest and most acclaimed composers in the history of Indian cinema.
Berta Bobath
Berta Bobath, MBE (December 5, 1907 – January 20, 1991) was a German physiotherapist who created a method of rehabilitation and therapy known as the Bobath concept in 1948. The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy believe "it is the most popular approach for treating neurologically-impaired patients in the western world."

Chartered Society of Physiotherapy
The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP) is the professional body and trade union for physiotherapists in the United Kingdom.

Founded in 1894, the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy has grown to become the profession's largest membership organisation with 65,000 members.

Queen Mary  was royal patron from 1916 until her death in 1953, when Queen Elizabeth II became royal patron.
Mindanao brown dove
The Mindanao brown dove (Phapitreron brunneiceps) is a threatened species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to forests on the Philippine islands of Mindanao and Basilan, but it has not been recorded from the latter island since 1937. On Mindanao, it is typically found in tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting. Until recently, it was considered conspecific with the Tawitawi brown dove and collectively called the dark-eared brown dove.

Amethyst brown dove
The amethyst brown dove (Phapitreron amethystinus) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae.

It is endemic to the Philippines, it is found on Luzon, Polillo Islands, Catanduanes, Samar, Bohol and Mindanao. It is generally rather scarce in much of its range. Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland forests and tropical moist montane forests. It is found in lowlands but probably prefers middle and high elevations at 500-2000m. It is most often seen singly or in pairs, in and around fruiting trees. The call is a deep, sonorous "hoop" as well as a rather rapid "poo-poo-poo-poop", and birds may sit and call for long periods.
Daniel Wanjiru
Daniel Kinyua Wanjiru (born 26 May 1992) is a former Kenyan long-distance runner. He won both the 2016 Amsterdam Marathon and the 2017 London Marathon. His personal best time for the marathon is 2:05:21, set in Amsterdam in 2016.

Wanjiru served a four-year ban from 2019 to 2023 for an anti-doping rule violation

Amsterdam Marathon
The Amsterdam Marathon, currently branded as TCS Amsterdam Marathon, is an annual marathon (42.195 km) in Amsterdam in the Netherlands since 1975. The road race has a Platinum Label from World Athletics. The race weekend also offers a half marathon race (21.097 km) and an 7.5 km race in the program.

The current men's course record is 2:03:31 (h:m:s) set by Geoffrey Toroitich in 2025 and the current women's course record is 2:16:52 set by Yalemzerf Yehualaw in 2024.

Gerard Nijboer won this marathon four times, more than any other runner, in the 1980s. After him, Wilson Chebet has won three races in the 2010s.

The race celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2025.
Léo Duguay
Léo Duguay (born 13 March 1944) is a Canadian politician, educator and school administrator prior to getting elected. Duguay served as a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada.

Duguay was born in Saint Boniface, Manitoba. Duguay was elected at the riding of Saint Boniface in the 1984 federal election and served in the 33rd Canadian Parliament. He left federal politics after the 1988 federal election after being defeated by Ron Duhamel of the Liberal party.

Ron Duhamel
Ronald J. Duhamel, PC (March 2, 1938 – September 30, 2002) was a Canadian politician. He was a Liberal  member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Saint Boniface in the House of Commons of Canada. He was appointed to the Senate of Canada in 2002.
Catalina Cáceres
Catalina Paz Cáceres Ríos (born May 16, 1990), simply known as Catalina Cáceres, is a Chilean model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Nuestra Belleza Chile and Miss Universo Chile in 2016. She represented Chile at the Miss Universe 2016 pageant.

Miss Universe 2016
Miss Universe 2016 was the 65th Miss Universe pageant, held at the SM Mall of Asia Arena, in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines, on January 30, 2017. This was the second time that the pageant skipped a year, after Miss Universe 2014 was held in January 2015.

The winner, Iris Mittenaere of France was crowned by Pia Wurtzbach of the Philippines. It was France's first win in sixty-three years, and its second overall win.

Contestants from eighty-six countries and territories competed in the pageant. Steve Harvey was the host, and  plus-sized model Ashley Graham was the backstage host. American entertainers Flo Rida and Boyz II Men were the acts.
133rd Street (New York City)
133rd Street is a street in Manhattan and the Bronx, New York City. In Harlem, Manhattan, it begins at Riverside Drive on its western side and crosses Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and ends at Convent Avenue, before resuming on the eastern side, crossing Seventh Avenue, and ending at Lenox Avenue. In Port Morris in the Bronx, it runs from Bruckner Boulevard/St. Ann's Place to Locust Avenue.

The block between Seventh Avenue and Lenox Avenues was once a thriving night spot, known as "Swing Street", with numerous cabarets, jazz clubs, and speakeasies.

The street is described in modern times as "a quiet stretch of brownstones and tenement-style apartment houses, the kind of block that typifies this section of central Harlem".

Lenox Avenue
Lenox Avenue – also named Malcolm X Boulevard; both names are officially recognized – is the primary north–south route through Harlem in the upper portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. This two-way street runs from Farmers' Gate at Central Park North (110th Street) to 147th Street. Its traffic is figuratively described as "Harlem's heartbeat" by Langston Hughes in his poem Juke Box Love Song.

From 119th Street to 123rd Street, Lenox Avenue is part of the Mount Morris Park Historic District, designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1971.