hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Big History
Big History is an academic discipline that examines history from the Big Bang to the present. Big History resists specialization and searches for universal patterns or trends. It examines long time frames using a multidisciplinary approach based on combining numerous disciplines from science and the humanities. It explores human existence in the context of this bigger picture. It integrates studies of the cosmos, Earth, life, and humanity using empirical evidence to explore cause-and-effect relations. It is taught at universities as well as primary and secondary schools often using web-based interactive presentations.

Historian David Christian has been credited with coining the term "Big History" while teaching one of the first such courses at Macquarie University. An all-encompassing study of humanity's relationship to cosmology and natural history has been pursued by scholars since the Renaissance, and the new field, Big History, continues such work.

Present
The present is the period of time that is occurring right now. The present is in contrast to the past, the period of time that has already occurred; and the future, the period of time that has yet to occur.

It is sometimes represented as a hyperplane in space-time, typically called "now", although modern physics demonstrates that such a hyperplane cannot be defined uniquely for observers in relative motion. The present may also be viewed as a duration.
Brecknock Hill Cheviot
The Brecknock Hill Cheviot (also known as Brecon Cheviot and Sennybridge Cheviot) is a domesticated breed of sheep having its origin approximately 400 years ago from Wales.  They are a result of crosses with the Welsh Mountain, the Cheviot and the Leicester breeds.  This breed is primarily raised for meat.  It was introduced into the US in 1838.

Welsh Mountain sheep
Welsh Mountain sheep (Welsh: Defaid Mynydd Cymreig, pronounced [ˈdɛvaid ˈmənɨð ˈkəmrɛiɡ]; singular Dafad) are small, hardy sheep from the higher parts of the Welsh mountains.  The males have horns, and the females are polled (hornless); they have no wool on the face or legs, and they have long tails (normally left undocked). There are a number of varieties, bred for sheep farming in Wales. These are mainly colour variations, but some are being developed as separate breeds.
Sluis-Aardenburg
Sluis-Aardenburg was a municipality in the province of Zeeland, in the south-western part of the Netherlands. It was created from a merger of Sluis and Aardenburg in 1995, and it merged with the municipality of Oostburg, on 1 January 2003, to form the new municipality of Sluis. Sluis-Aardenburg covered an area of 83.48 km2, of which 0.89 km2 was water.

The municipality comprised the following towns, villages and townships:

Aardenburg

Draaiburg

Eede

Heille

Retranchement

Sint Anna ter Muiden

Sint Kruis

Sluis

Terhofstede

Zwindorp

Sint Kruis
Sint Kruis is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is located about 4 km east of Aardenburg, in the municipality of Sluis.

The village was first mentioned in 1270 as "jndie prochia van sint crues", and refers to the Holy Cross parish of the Saint Bavo's Abbey in Ghent.

The Dutch Reformed church is a three-aisled church which probably dates from the 14th century. The area around Sint Kruis was inundated in 1584 to thwart the progress of the Spanish Army. The land was drained in 1651, and the church was restored in 1652. In 1944, it was damaged by war, and restored between  1948 and 1949.

Sint Kruis was home to 613 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1941, when it was merged with Aardenburg. In 2003, it became part of the municipality of Sluis.
AFL 360
AFL 360 is an Australian television talk show that covers current issues in the Australian Football League (AFL). It airs on Fox Footy at 6:30 pm Mondays to Wednesdays during the AFL season. It is hosted by Gerard Whateley and Garry Lyon, and features players, coaches and experts as regular guests.

Fox Footy
Fox Footy (stylised as FOX FOOTY) is an Australian rules football subscription television channel dedicated to screening Australian rules football matches and related programming.  It is owned by Fox Sports Australia operated out of its Melbourne based studios and available throughout Australia on Foxtel, and Optus Television. The channel is a revival of the former Fox Footy Channel, which was in operation between 2002 and 2006. The channel recommenced prior to the 2012 AFL season after a new broadcast agreement was reached between the former Premier Media Group, Austar, Foxtel and the Australian Football League (AFL).

As of the week of 24 September 2023, the channel reached 753,000 viewers, making the highest rated channel owned by Fox Sports Australia and the second highest rated subscription channel on Foxtel behind Lifestyle.
Sarah Dixon
Sarah Dixon (baptised 28 September 1671 – 23 April 1765) was an English poet, probably born in Rochester, Kent, where she was baptised. She took to writing "during a Youth of much Leisure", although her earliest surviving dated poem is from 1716. The 500 subscribers to her anonymous Poems on Several Occasions included Elizabeth Carter and Alexander Pope, and the society hostess Maria Coventry, Countess of Coventry.

Elizabeth Carter
Elizabeth Carter (pen name Eliza; 16 December 1717 – 19 February 1806) was an English poet, classicist, writer, translator, and linguist. As one of the Bluestocking Circle that surrounded Elizabeth Montagu, she earned respect for the first English translation of the 2nd-century Discourses of Epictetus. She also published poems and translated from French and Italian, and corresponded profusely. Among her many eminent friends were Elizabeth Montagu, Hannah More, Hester Chapone and other Bluestocking members. Also close friends were Anne Hunter, a poet and socialite, and Mary Delany. She befriended Samuel Johnson, editing some editions of his periodical The Rambler.
Warren's Vortex
Warren's Vortex is a New Zealand science fiction comedy television series which is due to begin screening on 24 August 2025 on TVNZ 2. The series is in the same vein as the 2018 television series Wellington Paranormal, which itself is a spin-off of the 2014 film What We Do in the Shadows.  Unlike either of those productions, this series is a single camera narrative comedy.

The actor Maaka Pohatu, who has the title role of Warren, previously appeared as Police Sergeant Ruawai Maaka in Wellington Paranormal.

Wellington Paranormal
Wellington Paranormal is a New Zealand mockumentary comedy horror television series which first aired on 11 July 2018 on TVNZ 2. The series is a spin-off of the 2014 film What We Do in the Shadows and first television series in the franchise, and its lead characters—Officers Minogue and O'Leary—first appeared in the film as a pair of incurious police officers.
1993 Gerry Weber Open
The 1993 Gerry Weber Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the inaugural edition of the Gerry Weber Open, and was part of the World Series of the 1993 ATP Tour. It took place at the Gerry Weber Stadion in Halle, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, from 14 June until 21 June 1993. Unseeded Henri Leconte won the singles title.

Henri Leconte
Henri Leconte (French: [ɑ̃ʁi ləkɔ̃t]; born 4 July 1963) is a French former professional tennis player. He reached the men's singles final at the French Open in 1988, won the French Open men's doubles title in 1984, and helped France win the Davis Cup in 1991. During his career, he won singles titles on all four major court surfaces: hard, clay, grass and carpet. Leconte's career-high singles ranking was world No. 5.
Dianne Walker
Dianne Walker (born March 8, 1951), also known as Lady Di, is an American tap dancer. Her thirty-year career spans Broadway, television, film, and international dance concerts. Walker is the artistic director of TapDancin, Inc. in Boston, Massachusetts.

Jimmy Slyde
James Titus Godbolt (October 2, 1927 – May 16, 2008), known professionally as Jimmy Slyde and also as the "King of Slides", was an American tap dancer known for his innovative tap style mixed with jazz.

Slyde was a popular rhythm tap dancer in America in the mid-20th century, when he performed on the nightclub and burlesque circuits. He was also popular in Europe and lived in Paris for a brief period of his life. Slyde appeared in several musicals and shows in the 1980s, and he received numerous awards for his talent. He was known for his signature move, the slide.
China at the 1998 Winter Olympics
China was represented at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan by the Chinese Olympic Committee.

In total, 57 athletes including 15 men and 42 women represented China in seven different sports including biathlon, cross-country skiing, figure skating, freestyle skiing, ice hockey, short track speed skating and speed skating.

China won a total of eight medals at the games including six silver and two bronze. Six of the medals came in short track speed skating, one in Figure skating and one in Freestyle skiing. Speed skater Yang Yang (S) was the most successful Chinese athlete at the games, winning three silver medals.

Yang Yang (speed skater, born 1977)
Yang Yang (Chinese: 杨阳; pinyin: Yáng Yáng; born 14 September 1977 in Changchun, Jilin, China) is a Chinese Olympic speed skater of Hui ethnicity.

Yang competed as a short track speed skater for the Chinese national team at the 1994 Winter Olympics, the 1998 Winter Olympics, and the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Born 1977, Yang is sometimes known as Yang Yang (S), to differentiate her from the speed skater named Yang Yang born in 1976 (known as "Yang Yang (A)").

By coincidence, Yang had a one-year and one month older contemporary on the Chinese short track team also named Yang Yang in English and pinyin, although with a different given name in Chinese characters. They were originally referred to as Yang Yang (L) ("大杨扬") and Yang Yang (S) ("小杨阳"), for "Large" and "Small"; Yang Yang (L) disliked the "L" designation and changed her designation to Yang Yang (A). "A" and "S" also refer to their respective months of birth: August and September respectively.
Saurodektes
Saurodektes is an extinct genus of owenettid procolophonoid known from the earliest Early Triassic deposits of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The genus was named by Sean P. Modesto, Ross J. Damiani, Johann Neveling, and Adam M. Yates in 2003, containing a single species, S. rogersorum. However, this species was based on a specimen nearly identical to "Owenetta" kitchingorum, named the year prior. As such, later researchers synonymized the two species, with S. kitchingorum having priority as the older name.

Priority (biology)
Priority is a principle in biological taxonomy by which a valid scientific name is established based on the oldest available name. It is a decisive rule in botanical and zoological nomenclature to recognise the first binomial name (also called binominal name in zoology) given to an organism as the correct and acceptable name. The purpose is to select one scientific name as a stable one out of two or more alternate names that often exist for a single species.

The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) defines it as: "A right to precedence established by the date of valid publication of a legitimate name or of an earlier homonym, or by the date of designation of a type." Basically, it is a scientific procedure to eliminate duplicate or multiple names for a species, for which Lucien Marcus Underwood called it "the principle of outlaw in nomenclature".
Kill It Queen
"Kill It Queen" (stylized as "KiLL iT QUEEN") is a song by American singer and songwriter Ava Max, released on February 25, 2026 through Artist Partner Group. Marking her first release as an independent artist after departing from her previous record label Atlantic Records, it will serve as the lead single from Max's upcoming fourth studio album. "Kill It Queen" is a pop song with the elements of dance-pop and electropop.

Artist Partner Group
Artist Partner Group, Inc. (APG) is an American record label and music publishing company founded by Mike Caren in 2013, who has since served as chief executive officer (CEO). The label's parent company, Artist Publishing Group, publishes its releases. It served as an entity of Atlantic Records and Warner Records from its establishment until 2020.
Boysitter
Boysitter (Chinese: 俏摩女搶頭婚; pinyin: Qiào Mó Nǚ Qiǎng Tóu Hūn) is a 2014 Taiwanese romantic-comedy television series created and produced by TVBS. Starring Annie Chen, River Huang, Melvin Sia as the main leads with Nita Lei, Yang Qing and Gao Shan Feng as the main supporting cast. The original title literally translates to "Pretty Woman Grabs First Marriage". Filming began in August 2014 and wrapped up on November 16, 2014. First original broadcast began on December 6, 2014, on both TVBS and CTV, airing every Saturday night at 9:00-10:00 pm.

River Huang
River Huang (Chinese: 黃河; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: N̂g Hô; born November 13, 1989) is a Taiwanese actor. He is the first actor signed by the director Yee Chin-yen. At age 18, Huang won the Best Actor award at the Golden Bell Awards for his debut role in Dangerous Mind, making him the youngest actor to win in that category. In 2009, he starred in Swedish-Taiwanese film Miss Kicki. And in 2010, he starred in Juliets, a Taiwanese film inspired by William Shakespeare's tragic love story Romeo and Juliet.
Ōhikari Sadayuki
Ōhikari Sadayuki (September 24, 1927 – January 14, 1996, real name Sadayuki Shibata) was a sumo wrestler and coach from Kamiiso, Hokkaido, Japan. He made his professional debut in January 1944, reaching the top makuuchi division in 1950. His highest rank was komusubi. He was a runner-up in the May 1956 tournament and earned five kinboshi or gold stars for defeating yokozuna during his career. He retired in 1963 and became an elder of the Japan Sumo Association under the name Ōnomatsu Oyakata, working as a coach at Dewanoumi stable. He died in 1996 at the age of 68.

Dewanoumi stable
Dewanoumi stable (出羽海部屋, Dewanoumi-beya) is a stable of sumo wrestlers, part of the Dewanoumi ichimon or group of stables. It has a long, prestigious history. Its current head coach is former maegashira Oginohana. As of January 2023 it had 19 wrestlers.
Salisbury smart cities controversy
Since 2020, the City of Salisbury, in the northern Adelaide suburbs of South Australia, has developed a smart cities initiative called Digital Salisbury 2027. The proposal of the initiative received community protests and became associated with a broad range of conspiracy theories about mass surveillance, digital identities, New World Order, artificial intelligence and COVID lockdowns. Two councillors who were involved in the conspiracy theories and protests were later removed from the council for breaches of the Local Government Act 1999 (SA). They have appealed the decision to the Supreme Court of South Australia.

City of Salisbury
The City of Salisbury is a local government area (LGA) located in the northern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. Its neighbours are the City of Playford, City of Tea Tree Gully and City of Port Adelaide Enfield.

Encompassing an area of 158 square kilometres (61 square miles), the city is one of the most populous and fast-growing council areas in South Australia: the local government area's population in 2021, of 145,806, was an increase of 32% over the 2001 population of 110,676 and of 13% over the 2011 population of 129,109.

The Local Government Area's main town centre – Salisbury City Centre – is on the main street of the town of Salisbury, John Street. The centre also hosts the council's principal office, council chambers and library, on Church Street. There is also a centre at Mawson Lakes, a master-planned development that surrounds the large Sir Douglas Mawson Lake.

The current CEO is John Harry.
Utah State Route 114
State Route 114 (SR-114) is a state highway in the US state of Utah that spans 10.79 miles (17.36 km) in Utah County. The route forms a loop around  US-89 and roughly parallels the coast of Utah Lake as it passes through the west side of Provo, Lindon and Orem, eventually terminating in Pleasant Grove. The highway consists of a portion of Center Street and all of Geneva Road. The highway was formed in 1931, the southern terminus initially extending into the east side of Provo. In 1965, the route was truncated to its present state.

Pleasant Grove, Utah
Pleasant Grove, originally named Battle Creek, is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States, known as "Utah's City of Trees". It is part of the Provo–Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 39,604 as of April of 2025.
Zodarion scutatum
Zodarion scutatum is a species of ant spider in the genus Zodarion that lives in Europe. It was first seen in Slovenia and has been subsequently found in many other countries, including Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia. The spider is small, typically 3.6 mm (0.14 in) long. It has an orange-brown carapace with dark brown eye field and a light yellow sternum. Its opisthosoma is violet to dark brown on top and mainly yellow underneath. It has a distinctive scutum. Its legs are yellow-brown. Its copulatory organs distinguish it from related spiders, particularly the triangular appendage on the spike in the middle of the male's palpal bulb, or median apophysis and the deep indentation in the middle of the female's epigyne.

Epigyne
The epigyne or epigynum is the external genital structure of female spiders. As the epigyne varies greatly in form in different species, even in closely related ones, it often provides the most distinctive characteristic for recognizing species. It consists of a small, hardened portion of the exoskeleton located on the underside of the abdomen, in front of the epigastric furrow and between the epigastric plates.
Wartling
Wartling is a village and civil parish in the Wealden District of East Sussex, England. It lies between Bexhill and Hailsham, at the northern edge of the Pevensey Levels. The parish includes Boreham Street, 1.2 miles (2 km) north-east of Wartling on the A271 road.

Wartling is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, when there was a chapel there. The current church is dedicated to St Mary Magdalene was built in the 13th century, probably on the same site as the chapel. As with many villages on the Weald, the iron industry flourished here in the 17th and 18th centuries. Herons have nested in and around the village for well over a century.

Hailsham
Hailsham is a town, a civil parish and the administrative centre of the Wealden district of East Sussex, England.  It is mentioned in Domesday Book, where it is called Hamelesham in one part, yet mentioned in another part of the same book as ‘’’Tilux’’’, the land of Ricard de Tunbrige. The town of Hailsham has a history of industry and agriculture.
Kentish Bus
Kentish Bus was a bus operator in South East England and London. It was formed from the split of London Country Bus Services in 1986 as London Country South East (LCSE) and operated a fleet of around 170 buses from four garages, with its headquarters located in Northfleet, subsequently rebranding to Kentish Bus in 1987. Its former garages and operations now form part of Arriva Southern Counties and Arriva London.

Northfleet
Northfleet is a town in the borough of Gravesham in Kent, England. It is located immediately west of Gravesend, and on the border with the Borough of Dartford. Northfleet has its own railway station on the North Kent Line, just east of Ebbsfleet International railway station on the High Speed 1 line. According to the 2021 census, Northfleet has a population of 29,900 (rounded to the nearest 100).
Ananda Ashru
Ananda Ashru (Bengali: আনন্দ অশ্রু) is an upcoming Bangladeshi romantic drama film directed by Mostafizur Rahman Manik. The film features Symon Sadik, Mahiya Mahi, Joy Chowdhury, Shahiduzzaman Selim, Ali Raj and others.

Mostafizur Rahman Manik
Mustafizur Rahman Manik is a Bangladeshi film director. His works include Mon Chuyeche Mon, Tomar Preme Porechi, Eto Prem Eto Maya, and Anando Ashru (2020). He won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Director for the film Jannat (2018).
South Philly Jam
South Philly Jam was a professional wrestling live event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) on October 7, 1995. The event was held in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Excerpts from South Philly Jam aired on episodes #129, #130, and #131 of the syndicated television show ECW Hardcore TV in October 1995. The two-out-of-three-falls match between Psicosis and Rey Misterio Jr. - which received a 4¾ star rating from the Wrestling Observer Newsletter - was featured on the 2011 compilation DVD Rey Mysterio: The Life of a Masked Man.

Psicosis
Dionicio Castellanos Torres (born May 19, 1971) is a Mexican professional wrestler, better known by the ring names Psicosis (sometimes Anglicised as Psychosis) and Nicho el Millonario. He is best known for his appearances with the promotions Lucha Libre AAA World Wide, Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre and the World Wrestling Association, as well as his appearances in the United States with Extreme Championship Wrestling, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling, and World Wrestling Entertainment. Championships held by Psicosis include the AAA World Tag Team Championship, WWA World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship, WWA World Welterweight Championship, and WWA World Trios Championship.
Michel Vonk
Michel Vonk (born 28 October 1968) is a Dutch professional football manager and former player.

As a player, he was a centre-back from 1986 to 2001, notably playing in the Premier League for Manchester City. He also played in England for Oldham Athletic and Sheffield United, as well as also playing in his native Netherlands for AZ, SVV Dordrecht and MVV. Since 2011 Vonk has managed several times in Dutch football with stints at both Sparta Rotterdam, Telstar, and Jong AZ.

MVV Maastricht
Maatschappelijke Voetbal Vereniging Maastricht (Dutch pronunciation: [maːtˈsxɑpələkə ˈvudbɑl vəˌreːnəɣɪŋ maːˈstrɪxt]), commonly known as MVV Maastricht ([ˌɛɱveːˈveː maːˈstrɪxt], Limburgish: [ˌæɱ˦veːˈveː məˈstʀeːx]) or simply as MVV, is a Dutch professional football club from the city of Maastricht. Founded on 2 April 1902, MVV Maastricht currently competes in the Eerste Divisie, the second tier of Dutch football.

Because their crest is based on the city's coat of arms, an armed angel holding a red shield with a white star, they are nicknamed de Sterrendragers ("Wearers of Stars") and, in local dialect, Us MVV'ke ("our little MVV", pronounced [ˈʏz ˌæɱveːˈveːkə]). The club's name was formerly Maastrichtse Voetbal Vereniging until 2011, when it was officially changed to include the city name after "MVV."
Roger Revelle Medal
The Roger Revelle Medal is given out annually by the American Geophysical Union to recognize "outstanding accomplishments or contributions toward the understanding of the Earth’s atmospheric processes, including its dynamics, chemistry, and radiation; and toward the role of the atmosphere, atmosphere-ocean coupling, or atmosphere-land coupling in determining the climate, biogeochemical cycles, or other key elements of the climate system".  The award was created in 1991 and named after oceanographer Roger Revelle.

Planetary boundary layer
In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behaviour is directly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface. On Earth it usually responds to changes in surface radiative forcing in an hour or less. In this layer physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence) and vertical mixing is strong. Above the PBL is the "free atmosphere", where the wind is approximately geostrophic (parallel to the isobars), while within the PBL the wind is affected by surface drag and turns across the isobars (see Ekman layer for more detail).