hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nakahama Manjirō
Nakahama Manjirō (中濱 万次郎; January 27, 1827 – November 12, 1898), also known as John Manjirō (or John Mung), was a Japanese samurai and translator who was one of the first Japanese people to visit the United States and an important translator during the opening of Japan.

He was a fisherman before his journey to the United States, where he studied English and navigation and became a sailor and gold miner. After returning to Japan, he was elevated to the status of a samurai and was made a hatamoto. He served his country as an interpreter and translator and was instrumental in negotiating the Convention of Kanagawa. He also taught as a professor at the Tokyo Imperial University.

Convention of Kanagawa
The Convention of Kanagawa, also known as the Kanagawa Treaty (神奈川条約, Kanagawa Jōyaku) or the Japan–US Treaty of Peace and Amity (日米和親条約, Nichibei Washin Jōyaku), was a treaty signed between the United States and the Tokugawa Shogunate on March 31, 1854. Signed under threat of force, it effectively meant the end of Japan's 220-year-old policy of national seclusion (sakoku) by opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American vessels. It also ensured the safety of American castaways and established the position of an American consul in Japan. The treaty precipitated the signing of similar treaties establishing diplomatic relations with other Western powers.
A Mother's Son
A Mother's Son is a British crime drama television mini-series, created by Chris Lang, which was first broadcast on ITV on 3 and 4 September 2012. The series was produced by the ITV Studios. Hermione Norris, Martin Clunes, Paul McGann, Nicola Walker and Alexander Arnold star as the main protagonists of the series.

In 2015, A Mother's Son was adapted by Didier Le Pêcheur for French television in a co-production between EuropaCorp Television and ITV Studios France under the title Tu es mon fils. The French version, starring Anne Marivin, Thomas Jouannet and Charles Berling, first aired on TF1 on 23 February 2015, garnering 6.5 million viewers.

Paul McGann
Paul John McGann (/məˈɡæn/ mə-GAN; born 14 November 1959) is an English actor. He came to prominence for portraying Percy Toplis in the television serial The Monocled Mutineer (1986), then starred in the dark comedy Withnail and I (1987), which was a critical success and developed a cult following. McGann later became more widely known for portraying the eighth incarnation of the Doctor in the 1996 television film Doctor Who, and its audio drama continuations. He is also known for playing Lieutenant William Bush in the TV series Hornblower (1998–2003).
Alan Dickins
Alan Roger Dickins was Arundel Herald of Arms Extraordinary from 1998 to 2016.

He was educated at Epsom College, Surrey and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a law degree in 1968. He qualified in 1972 as a solicitor of the Supreme Court of England and Wales, but a keen interest in genealogy and heraldry eventually led to his engagement in 1986 as a research assistant at the College of Arms. From 1995 he worked closely with Garter Principal King of Arms, Peter Gwynn-Jones while at the same time pursuing a fully independent legal career. He has made a special study of the relationship between intellectual property law and the present-day law of arms. He was appointed Arundel Herald of Arms Extraordinary in 1998, succeeding Rodney Dennys (d.1993), and demitted that office in 2016. He was married from 1983 to 2015 and has two sons. His other interests include music and fell-walking.

Peter Gwynn-Jones
Sir Peter Llewellyn Gwynn-Jones KCVO KStJ FSA (12 March 1940 – 21 August 2010) was a long-serving Officer of Arms at the College of Arms in London.  He was Garter Principal King of Arms, the senior English officer of arms, from 1995 to 2010.
Salvage (Angel)
"Salvage" is the 13th episode of the fourth season of the American television series Angel, originally broadcast on the WB television network. After discovering Lilah’s dead body, a grieving Wesley breaks rogue slayer Faith out of prison so she can help track down Angelus. Meanwhile, Lorne performs a sanctuary spell to keep Angelus out of the hotel while Cordelia—secretly revealed to be the big evil controlling the Beast—confides in Connor that she is pregnant.

Slayer (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
A Slayer in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel (both created by Joss Whedon), is a young woman bestowed by fate with supernatural powers and abilities that originate from the heart, soul, and spirit of a pure-demon.

The opening narration in the Buffy series states "In every generation there is a chosen one. She alone will stand against the vampires, the demons, and the forces of darkness. She is the Slayer."

While they are commonly referred to as "Vampire Slayers" within the series, even by Watchers and vampires themselves, The Slayer operates as a defender of humanity against all supernatural threats.

The reputation of the Slayer is well-known and revered even throughout other dimensions. The notion of the Slayer has been compared to the equivalent of a Demonic "Boogey-Man", incredibly feared and considered by most to be essentially unconquerable.
Shockwave Supernova
Shockwave Supernova is the fifteenth studio album by guitarist Joe Satriani, released on July 24, 2015, through Sony Music Entertainment. It features bassist Bryan Beller and drummer Marco Minnemann of The Aristocrats, as well as progressive rock multi-instrumentalist Mike Keneally.

Mike Keneally
Michael Joseph Keneally (born December 20, 1961) is an American guitarist, keyboardist, vocalist and composer. Keneally leads his own band, and is also known for a stint with Frank Zappa and for extensive work as a session musician with a range of performers.
601st Squadron (JASDF)
The 601st Squadron (Japanese: 第601飛行隊, Hepburn: dai601hikoutai) is a squadron of the Airborne Early Warning Surveillance Group of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) based at Misawa Air Base in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. It is equipped with Northrop Grumman E-2C/D Hawkeye aircraft.

Misawa Air Base
Misawa Air Base (三沢飛行場, Misawa Hikōjō) (IATA: MSJ, ICAO: RJSM) is an air base of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF), the United States Air Force, and the United States Navy located in Misawa, Aomori, in the northern part of the island of Honshū of Japan. It is located 684 km (425 mi) north of Tokyo at the "Tip of the Spear". It is a Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) facility with the 35th Fighter Wing (35 FW, about 48 F-16 aircraft split among the 13th and 14th Fighter Squadrons) as its host wing. It hosts both Japanese and American troops.
Rudraksham
Rudraksham (Malayalam: രുദ്രാക്ഷം) is a 1994 Malayalam-language action thriller film directed by Shaji Kailas and written by Ranjith. It stars Suresh Gopi, Annie and Devan.

Rudraksham was criticized for extreme violence, but became a commercial success at the box office.

Shaji Kailas
Shaji Kailas (born 8 February 1965) is an Indian film director and screenwriter known for his works in Malayalam cinema. Shaji got a breakthrough with the comedy film Dr. Pasupathy (1990).

He is best known for his action films with mainly focusing on political thriller and crime genres such as Thalastaanam (1992), Sthalathe Pradhana Payyans (1993), Ekalavyan (1993), Mafia (1993), Commissioner (1994), The King (1995), Aaraam Thampuran (1997), Narasimham (2000), Valliettan (2000), Kaduva and Kaapa (2022).
Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments.  Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they are applied directly to the skin. Topical medications may also be inhalational, such as asthma medications, or applied to the surface of tissues other than the skin, such as eye drops applied to the conjunctiva, or ear drops placed in the ear, or medications applied to the surface of a tooth. The word topical derives from Greek τοπικός topikos, "of a place".

Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue known as the lamina propria. It is mostly of endodermal origin and is continuous with the skin at body openings such as the eyes, eyelids, ears, inside the nose, inside the mouth, lips, the genital areas, the urethral opening and the anus. Some mucous membranes secrete mucus, a thick protective fluid. The function of the membrane is to stop pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues from becoming dehydrated.

Amphibians, fish, snails, slugs, and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus from their epidermis as protection against pathogens, to help in movement, and to line fish gills. Plants produce a similar substance called mucilage that is also produced by some microorganisms.
1000 to 1: The Cory Weissman Story
1000 to 1: The Cory Weissman Story is a 2014 American biographical sports drama film directed by Mike Levine, written by Bob Burris, and starring David Henrie, Beau Bridges, Cassi Thomson, Hannah Marks, Jean Louisa Kelly, and Luke Kleintank.

Beau Bridges
Lloyd Vernet "Beau" Bridges III (born December 9, 1941) is an American actor. He is a three-time Emmy, two-time Golden Globe and one-time Grammy Award winner, as well as a two-time Screen Actors Guild Award nominee. Bridges also has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to television. He is the son of actor Lloyd Bridges and the elder brother of fellow actor Jeff Bridges.
Liverpool Catholic Club Ice Rink
The Liverpool Catholic Club Ice Rink (also known as LCC Sports Complex Liverpool) is an ice sports and public skate centre, built in 1979 and located at the Hoxton Park precinct of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is the home of the LCC Saints Ice Hockey Club, with Junior and Senior Teams and home to LCC Ice Skating Club (LCCISC), producing Olympic and international figure skating athletes.  It has previously served as the home ice rink of the Sydney Ice Dogs in the Australian Ice Hockey League until 2017.

Australian Ice Hockey League
The Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL) is Australia's top-level men's ice hockey league. Established in 2000, the AIHL is sanctioned by Ice Hockey Australia (a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation). The AIHL is a semi-professional league that is contested by ten franchised teams in two conferences spanning six Australian states and territories. AIHL premiers are awarded the H Newman Reid Trophy and AIHL champions are awarded the Goodall Cup, the world's third oldest ice hockey trophy, having been first awarded in 1909. The most successful team in AIHL history is the Newcastle Northstars, having claimed six championship titles. The current champions, from 2025, are Melbourne Ice.
Yoko Tawada
Yōko Tawada (多和田葉子 Tawada Yōko, born March 23, 1960) is a Japanese writer currently living in Berlin, Germany. She writes in both Japanese and German. She is a former writer-in-residence at MIT and Stanford University.

Tawada has won numerous literary awards, including the Akutagawa Prize, the Tanizaki Prize, the Noma Literary Prize, the Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature, the Gunzo Prize for New Writers, the Goethe Medal, the Kleist Prize, and a National Book Award.

Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature
Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature (泉鏡花文学賞, Izumi Kyōka Bungaku Shō) is a prize for literature in Japan named for Kyōka Izumi. It was established and started in 1973 to commemorate the 100th year since the birth of Kyōka Izumi. Kanazawa city, where Izumi was born, organizes this prize. Usually the award goes to one recipient, though there have been exceptions.
Māori Wardens
There are approximately 18,000 Māori Wardens (Ngā Wātene Māori o Aotearoa) in New Zealand. They are volunteers who provide community support through services such as security, traffic and crowd control, and first aid. Māori Wardens operate under the authority of the Māori Community Development Act 1962.

New Zealand Māori Council
The New Zealand Māori Council (Māori: Te Kaunihera Maori o Aoteaora) is a body that represents and consults the Māori people of New Zealand. As one of the oldest Māori representative groups, the council exerts pressure on New Zealand governments to protect Treaty of Waitangi rights.
Pilok
Pilok (Thai: ปิล็อก or ปิล๊อก, pronounced [pi.lɔ́k]) is a subdistrict (tambon) in Thong Pha Phum District of Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province. Its main settlement, Ban I-tong (บ้านอีต่อง, [bâːn ʔīː.tɔ̀ŋ]), is a remote village on the Myanmar border, and is surrounded by Thong Pha Phum National Park, which takes up most of the subdistrict's area. Pilok rose as a mining boomtown in the 1940s, when tin and tungsten mines were established in the area, but suffered greatly from the tin market crash of 1985, after which its mines ceased operation. The village has since seen revival as a tourist destination.

Thong Pha Phum National Park
Thong Pha Phum National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติทองผาภูมิ) is a national park in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand. The park, located on the border with Myanmar, is part of the Western Forest Complex protected area.
Southwest Branch Saint John River
The Southwest Branch Saint John River (French: Rivière Saint-Jean Sud-Ouest) is a 62.0-mile-long (99.8 km) river in Maine and Quebec. The branch originates in "Little Saint John Lake" (46°06′18″N 70°15′09″W﻿ / ﻿46.1050°N 70.2524°W﻿ / 46.1050; -70.2524﻿ (Southwest Branch Saint John River source)) on the international boundary between Saint-Zacharie, Quebec and Seboomook Lake Township 5, Range 20, WELS. The branch forms the Canada–United States border as it flows northeasterly to a confluence with the Little Southwest Branch Saint John River in Seboomook Lake Township 9, Range 18, WELS. The Southwest Branch flows briefly into Quebec (46°24′58″N 70°03′24″W﻿ / ﻿46.4162°N 70.0567°W﻿ / 46.4162; -70.0567﻿ (Canada – United States border)) and then through Maine to its confluence with the Baker Branch Saint John River in Seboomook Lake Township 9, Range 17, WELS. The Southwest Branch finally joins with the Northwest Branch to form the Saint John River.

Saint-Zacharie, Quebec
Saint-Zacharie (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ zakaʁi]) is a municipality in the Municipalité régionale de comté des Etchemins in Quebec, Canada. It is part of the Chaudière-Appalaches region and the population is 1,684 as of 2021. The new constitution dates from 1990, when the township municipality and the village municipality of Saint-Zacharie amalgamated, but the area was settled as early as 1873.

Saint-Zacharie is named after Zacharie Lacasse, an Oblate missionary who brought settlers to the area in 1881.

Saint-Zacharie is located on the Canada–United States border and has a small border crossing for traffic coming from the United States, St. Zacharie Crossing.
Sigfried Giedion
Sigfried Giedion (also spelled Siegfried Giedion; 14 April 1888 in Prague – 10 April 1968 in Zürich) was a Bohemian-born Swiss historian and critic of architecture. His ideas and books, Space, Time and Architecture, and Mechanization Takes Command, had an important conceptual influence on the members of the Independent Group at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in the 1950s. Giedion was a pupil of Heinrich Wölfflin. He was the first secretary-general of the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM), and taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and the ETH-Zurich.

In Space, Time & Architecture (1941), Giedion wrote an influential standard history of modern architecture, while Mechanization Takes Command established a new kind of historiography.

Heinrich Wölfflin
Heinrich Wölfflin (German: [ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈvœlflɪn]; 21 June 1864 – 19 July 1945) was a Swiss art historian, esthetician and educator, whose objective classifying principles ("painterly" vs. "linear" and the like) were influential in the development of formal analysis in art history in the early 20th century. He taught at Basel, Berlin and Munich in the generation that saw German art history's rise to pre-eminence. His three most important books, still consulted, are Renaissance und Barock (1888), Die Klassische Kunst (1898, "Classic Art"), and Kunstgeschichtliche Grundbegriffe (1915, "Principles of Art History").

Wölfflin taught at Berlin University from 1901 to 1912, at Munich University from 1912 to 1924, and at University of Zurich from 1924 until his retirement.
Nanotoxicology
Nanotoxicology is the study of the toxicity of nanomaterials.  Because of quantum size effects and large surface area to volume ratio, nanomaterials have unique properties compared with their larger counterparts that affect their toxicity.  Of the possible hazards, inhalation exposure appears to present the most concern, with animal studies showing pulmonary effects such as inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenicity for some nanomaterials. Skin contact and ingestion exposure are also a concern.

Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, chemical substances or materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale).

Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, thermo-physical or mechanical properties.

Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized and beginning to emerge as commodities.
Arnold diffusion
In applied mathematics, Arnold diffusion is the phenomenon of instability of nearly-integrable Hamiltonian systems.  The phenomenon is named after Vladimir Arnold who was the first to publish a result in the field in 1964. More precisely, Arnold diffusion refers to results asserting the existence of solutions to nearly-integrable Hamiltonian systems that exhibit a significant change in the action variables.

Arnold diffusion describes the diffusion of trajectories due to the ergodic theorem in a portion of phase space unbound by any constraints (i.e. unbounded by Lagrangian tori arising from constants of motion) in Hamiltonian systems. It occurs in systems with more than N=2 degrees of freedom, since the N-dimensional invariant tori do not separate the 2N-1 dimensional phase space any more. Thus, an arbitrarily small perturbation may cause a number of trajectories to wander pseudo-randomly through the whole portion of phase space left by the destroyed tori.

Stable manifold
In mathematics, and in particular the study of dynamical systems, the idea of stable and unstable sets or stable and unstable manifolds give a formal mathematical definition to the general notions embodied in the idea of an attractor or repellor. In the case of hyperbolic dynamics, the corresponding notion is that of the hyperbolic set.
V. B. C. Onyema III
Eze V. B. C. Onyema IIIListenⓘ (13 February 1927 – February/March 2024) was a Nigerian traditional ruler of Ogwu-Ikpele in Ogbaru Local Government Area of Anambra State, South Eastern from 1976 until his death in 2024. He was the successor to his father, Eze Onyema II, and one of three Patrons of the Anambra State Council of Traditional Rulers.

Ogbaru
Ogbaru listenⓘ is a local government area in Anambra State, south-central Nigeria. The area's local government headquarters is in the port city of Atani. It is part of the Greater Onitsha Metropolis. Ogbaru is in Anambra north senatorial district of Anambra State Nigeria
John Toothill
John Thomas Toothill (birth registered second ¼ 1866 – 29 June 1947) was an English rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1890s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Bradford FC, as a forward, e.g. front row, lock, or back row, and club level rugby league (RL) for Bradford FC, as a forward. Prior to Tuesday 27 August 1895, Bradford FC was a rugby union club, it then became a rugby league club, and since 1907 it has been the association football (soccer) club Bradford Park Avenue.

Yorkshire Rugby Football Union
The Yorkshire Rugby Football Union is the governing body responsible for rugby union in the historic county of Yorkshire, England. It is one of the constituent bodies of the national Rugby Football Union having formed in 1869, the union was formerly called Yorkshire County Club.

The county has won the county championship on 15 occasions, and finished as runners-up on a further eight occasions. The Yorkshire RFU also organises the Yorkshire Cup, which was inaugurated in 1878.
Arvind Kumar Singh (Dadraul politician)
Arvind Kumar Singh (born 1983) is an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh. He is the member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Dadraul Assembly constituency in Shahjahanpur district. He won the 2024 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-elections representing the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is the son of late Manvendra Singh who died of a liver disease after prolonged illness at the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences in New Delhi on 5 January 2024.

Manvendra Singh (Dadraul politician)
Manvendra Singh (born 1955 – 5 January 2024) was an Indian politician from Uttar Pradesh. He was a two time member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Dadraul Assembly constituency in Shahjahanpur district. He won the 2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Without You (David Guetta song)
"Without You" is a song by French DJ and record producer David Guetta featuring vocals from American singer-songwriter Usher. It was released as the third single from Guetta's fifth studio album, Nothing but the Beat, on 29 September 2011. The single peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, becoming Guetta's third top ten single, following "Club Can't Handle Me" and "Sexy Bitch", as well as his highest peaking in the US to date. By November 2013, the song had sold 2,684,000 copies in the US.

Club Can't Handle Me
"Club Can't Handle Me" is a song by American rapper Flo Rida featuring French DJ David Guetta. Carmen Key sings background vocals during the chorus. It was released as a digital download on iTunes on June 28, 2010, as the lead single of the Step Up 3D soundtrack album and is also included on Flo Rida's third studio album, Only One Flo (Part 1).

The song topped the charts in Ireland, Poland, Portugal and the United Kingdom, and became a top five hit in Australia, Belgium Flanders, Canada, Finland, Germany, New Zealand and the Netherlands. In the United States, it peaked at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100. By December 2013, the song had sold 3 million copies in the US. The music video was filmed in Los Angeles and was directed by Marc Klasfeld.