hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gelfond's constant
In mathematics, the exponential of pi eπ, also called Gelfond's constant, is the real number e raised to the power π.

Its decimal expansion is given by:

eπ = 23.14069263277926900572... (sequence A039661 in the OEIS)

Like both e and π, this constant is both irrational and transcendental. This follows from the Gelfond–Schneider theorem, which establishes ab to be transcendental, given that a is algebraic and not equal to zero or one and b is algebraic but not rational. We havewhere i is the imaginary unit. Since −i is algebraic but not rational, eπ is transcendental. The numbers π and eπ are also known to be algebraically independent over the rational numbers, as demonstrated by Yuri Nesterenko. It is not known whether eπ is a Liouville number. The constant was mentioned in Hilbert's seventh problem alongside the Gelfond–Schneider constant 2√2 and the name "Gelfond's constant" stems from Soviet mathematician Alexander Gelfond.

Liouville number
In number theory, a Liouville number is a real number  with the property that, for every positive integer , there exists a pair of integers  with  such that

The inequality implies that Liouville numbers possess an excellent sequence of rational number approximations. In 1844, Joseph Liouville proved a bound showing that there is a limit to how well algebraic numbers can be approximated by rational numbers, and he defined Liouville numbers specifically so that they would have rational approximations better than the ones allowed by this bound. Liouville also exhibited examples of Liouville numbers thereby establishing the existence of transcendental numbers for the first time.
One of these examples is Liouville's constant

in which the th digit after the decimal point is 1 if  is the factorial of a positive integer and 0 otherwise. It is known that π and e, although transcendental, are not Liouville numbers.
Miranda (Colombian singer)
Lady Diana Cardona Miranda (November 20, 1984), better known as Miranda, is a Colombian singer. At 27 years old she appeared in the first season of Colombian musical competition La Voz Colombia, and was part of Team Ricardo Montaner winning the contest on the final held on December 20, 2012; She received a monetary prize, a contract with the label Universal Music, in addition to sharing the stage with Carlos Vives and Alejandro Sanz in Feria de Manizales. Miranda is also the vocalist of her band Miranda & the Soul Band. She was nominated for Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist.

Ricardo Montaner
Héctor Eduardo Reglero Montaner (born 8 September 1957), better known as Ricardo Montaner (Spanish pronunciation: [riˈkaɾðo montaˈneɾ]), is an Argentine-born singer. Since starting his career in the late 1970s, he has released more than 24 albums, and many successful singles. He has sold an estimated 10 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling Latin music artists.
The Phantom of 42nd Street
The Phantom of 42nd Street is a 1945 American mystery film directed by Albert Herman and starring Dave O'Brien, Kay Aldridge and Alan Mowbray. It was produced by the low-budget Poverty Row studio Producers Releasing Corporation. The film's sets were designed by the art director Paul Palmentola.

Kay Aldridge
Katharine ("Kay") Gratten Aldridge (July 9, 1917 – January 12, 1995) was an American actress and model, best known for playing feisty and imperiled heroines in black-and-white serials during the 1940s.
Thyrsa Amos
Thyrsa Wealtheow Amos (1879 – May 5, 1941) was an American academic and a college honor society founder. She was the dean of women and professor of education at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from 1919 to 1941. She was the founder of the Society of Cwens and a president of the National Association of Deans of Women (NADW). Her main area of interest was in student personnel, especially for women.

National Association for Women in Education
The National Association for Women in Education (formerly known as The National Association of Deans of Women, the National Association of Women Deans and Counselors, and the National Association of Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors) was an American organization founded in 1916 by Kathryn Sisson Phillips to support female deans of women.

The organization closed in September 2000 when it merged with the National Association of Student Personnel Administrators.
Theory of constructed emotion
The theory of constructed emotion (formerly the conceptual act model of emotion) is a theory in affective science proposed by Lisa Feldman Barrett to explain the experience and perception of emotion. The theory posits that instances of emotion are constructed predictively by the brain in the moment as needed. It draws from social construction, psychological construction, and neuroconstruction.

Affective neuroscience
Affective neuroscience is the study of how the brain processes emotions. This field combines neuroscience with the psychological study of personality, emotion, and mood. The basis of emotions and what emotions are remains an issue of debate within the field of affective neuroscience.

The term "affective neuroscience" was coined by neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp in the early 1990s, at a time when cognitive neuroscience focused on parts of psychology that did not include emotion, such as attention or memory.
Weaves (EP)
Weaves is the debut extended play of Canadian indie pop group Weaves. Two-thirds of the record was produced by guitarist Morgan Waters with GarageBand, the other third produced by David Newfeld. Praised by music journalists for its varied style and Burke's vocal performance, Weaves combines elements of high-quality recording common in pop music with lo-fi noise music styles to create a "disgusting" yet "catchy" feel. Released for streaming on March 26, 2014 and in stores on April 1, 2014 by Buzz Records, the EP was promoted with four singles ("Hulahoop", "Motorcycle", "Take A Dip" and "Buttercup"), with music videos for the latter three, a two-month tour and a remix record. Weaves was ranked number eight on Popmatters' list of best indie rock albums of 2014.

GarageBand
GarageBand is a software application by Apple for macOS, iPadOS, and iOS devices that allows users to create music or podcasts. It is a lighter, amateur-oriented offshoot of Logic Pro. GarageBand was originally released for macOS in 2004 and brought to iOS in 2011. The app's music and podcast creation system enables users to create multiple tracks with software synthesizer presets (to be played on a MIDI keyboard and/or sequenced on a piano roll), pre-made and user-created loops, an array of various effects, and voice recordings.
Terremoto
Terremoto (Italian: Earthquake) is the fifth studio album by the Italian rock band Litfiba. It is the second chapter of the "tetralogy of elements", started on El Diablo. It is dedicated to earth. It was produced by Alberto Pirelli. It is considered one of their most hard rock albums, with many songs featuring socially and politically charged lyrics. It sold over 700,000 copies.

El Diablo (album)
El Diablo (Spanish: The Devil) is the fourth studio album by the Italian rock band Litfiba. It introduces a more rock sounding in the band's music, which used to be much more new wave influenced until there. It is the first chapter of the "Tetralogy of elements" and it is dedicated to fire.
John le Fucker
John le Fucker was an Englishman mentioned in an administrative record of 1278. His distinctive surname has been proposed by some scholars as the first written record of a variant of the English swear word fuck.

Profanity
Profanity, also known as swearing, cursing, or cussing, is the usage of notionally offensive words for a variety of purposes, including to demonstrate disrespect or negativity, to relieve pain, to express a strong emotion (such as anger, excitement, or surprise), as a grammatical intensifier or emphasis, or to express informality or conversational intimacy. In many formal or polite social situations, it is considered impolite (a violation of social norms), and in some religious groups it is considered a sin. Profanity includes slurs, but most profanities are not slurs, and there are many insults that do not use swear words.

Swear words can be discussed or even sometimes used for the same purpose without causing offense or being considered impolite if they are obscured (e.g. "fuck" becomes "f***" or "the f-word") or substituted with a minced oath like "flip".
Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) are the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms observed to occur along with the mental states to which they are related. Neuroscientists use empirical approaches to discover neural correlates of subjective phenomena; that is, neural changes which necessarily and regularly correlate with a specific experience.

Two-streams hypothesis
The two-streams hypothesis is a model of the neural processing of vision as well as hearing. The hypothesis, given its initial characterisation in a paper by David Milner and Melvyn A. Goodale in 1992, argues that humans possess two distinct visual systems. Recently there seems to be evidence of two distinct auditory systems as well. As visual information exits the occipital lobe, and as sound leaves the phonological network, it follows two main pathways, or "streams". The ventral stream (also known as the "what pathway") leads to the temporal lobe, which is involved with object and visual identification and recognition. The dorsal stream (or, "where pathway") leads to the parietal lobe, which is involved with processing the object's spatial location relative to the viewer and with speech repetition.
Golden Ring (song)
"Golden Ring" is a song written by Bobby Braddock and Rafe Van Hoy, and recorded by American country music singers George Jones and Tammy Wynette. It was released in May 1976 as the first single and title track to their duet album of the same name. It was a number-one hit on the Billboard country chart.

Bobby Braddock
Robert Valentine Braddock (born August 5, 1940) is an American country songwriter and record producer. A member of the Country Music Hall of Fame and the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, Braddock has contributed numerous hit songs during more than 40 years in the industry, including 13 number-one hit singles.
Olimpia Kutuzova
Olimpiada Evgrafovna Kutuzova (Russian: Олимпиада Евграфовна Кутузова; 1845 – c.1914), also known as Olimpia Kutuzova Cafiero (Russian: Олимпия Кутузова Кафьеро), was a Russian Narodnik. Facing arrest for her revolutionary activities, she married the Italian anarchist Carlo Cafiero in order to seek political asylum abroad. After a year in exile, she returned to Russia, where she educated peasant children and participated in the Going to the People movement, which brought her again to the attention of authorities.

Suspected of participating in the assassination of Alexander II of Russia, she was exiled to Siberia, but managed to escape to Italy in order to aid her husband who had been interned in a lunatic asylum. After a few years caring for Cafiero, her own health declined and she was forced to commit him to another asylum, where he died. Kutuzova returned to Russia, where she fell out of the historical record by the outbreak of World War I.

Going to the People
Going to the People was a populist movement in the Russian Empire. It was largely inspired by the work of Russian theorists such as Mikhail Bakunin and Pyotr Lavrov, who advocated that groups of dedicated revolutionaries could inspire a mass movement to overthrow the ruling class, especially as it concerned the peasantry. The anarchist Peter Kropotkin called the experience "the mad summer of 1874".
Mandanu
Mandanu or Madanu  was a Mesopotamian god associated with justice. It has been proposed that he was a divine representation of places of judgment. He is known chiefly from sources postdating the Old Babylonian period, and older documents, such as the Nippur god list, do not mention him. He was worshiped mostly in the north of Babylonia, especially in the city of Babylon itself. He was regarded as one of the deities belonging to the circle of Marduk.

Nippur
Nippur (Sumerian: Nibru, often logographically recorded as 𒂗𒆤𒆠, EN.LÍLKI, "Enlil City;" Akkadian: Nibbur) was an ancient Sumerian city. It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god Enlil, the "Lord Wind", ruler of the  cosmos, subject to An alone. Nippur was located in modern Nuffar 8 kilometers north of modern Afak, Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq. It is roughly 200 km south of modern Baghdad and about 100 km southeast of the ancient city of Babylon. Occupation at the site extended back to the Ubaid period (Ubaid 2 – Hajji Muhammed), the Uruk period, and the Jemdet Nasr period. The origin of the ancient name is unknown but different proposals have been made.
Billy Humphries
William McCauley Humphries (born 8 June 1936), known as Billy Humphries, is a Northern Irish former footballer who played as a winger. He played in the Irish League with Glentoran and Ards, and in England with Leeds United, Coventry City and Swansea Town in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. He won 14 international cap for Northern Ireland. He also won three amateur caps for Northern Ireland and twelves caps for the Irish League representative team.

NIFL Premiership
The NIFL Premiership, known as the Sports Direct Premiership for sponsorship purposes but most commonly called the Irish League and sometimes the Irish Premiership, is a professional association football league which operates as the highest division of the Northern Ireland Football League. The NIFL Premiership was established as the IFA Premiership in 2008 under the auspices of the Irish Football Association as the successor to the Irish Premier League, before the Northern Ireland Football League was created for the start of the 2013–14 season. At the end of the season, the champion club is presented with the Gibson Cup.

Linfield are the current champions, winning their 56th Irish League title in the 2024–25 season.
Skulls (Misfits song)
"Skulls" is a song by the American punk rock band Misfits from the band's 1982 album Walk Among Us. The song was written by frontman and vocalist Glenn Danzig, and was later included on the 1986 compilation album Misfits (also known as Collection I), which itself was included as part of the 1996 boxed set The Misfits.

Misfits (Misfits album)
Misfits is a 1986 compilation album by the American punk rock band Misfits. Officially titled Misfits, but also known as Collection, Collection 1, or Collection I, the album features twenty songs by the band. The tracks include some of the group's early singles, as well as songs from their 1982 album Walk Among Us, their 1983 album Earth A.D./Wolfs Blood, and the 1985 compilation album Legacy of Brutality, which was curated exclusively by vocalist Glenn Danzig after the band had dissolved in 1983.

Collection I was first released on July 1, 1986, by Plan 9 and Caroline Records, and was followed by Collection II in 1995. Both Collection albums were included in the boxed set The Misfits, which was released in 1996.
Big Joe Maher
Joseph W. Maher (born c. 1953), known as Big Joe Maher, is an American electric blues drummer, singer and songwriter. He is known for his jump blues group called Big Joe and the Dynaflows. He has worked with many blues musicians including Delbert McClinton, Anson Funderburgh, Kevin McKendree, Bob Margolin, Mark Wenner, Ann Rabson, Jimmy Witherspoon, Bull Moose Jackson, Nappy Brown, Otis Rush, Earl King, Duke Robillard, and Tom Principato.

Ann Rabson
Ann Rabson (April 12, 1945 – January 30, 2013) was an American blues vocalist, pianist and guitar player.  She was a solo recording artist signed to Alligator Records and was a member of Saffire - The Uppity Blues Women, an acoustic blues band that disbanded amicably in 2009.
Metallic Rouge
Metallic Rouge (メタリックルージュ, Metarikku Rūju) is a Japanese original anime television series produced by Bones for its 25th anniversary and directed by Motonobu Hori. The series aired on Fuji TV's +Ultra programming block from January to April 2024. A webtoon adaptation with art by Meika Tokyo and Chita Tsurushima began serialization online on Line Corporation's Line Manga website in March 2024.

Webtoon
Webtoons (Korean: 웹툰; RR: Weptun) are a type of episodic digital comics that originated in South Korea usually meant to be read on smartphones. While webtoons were mostly unknown outside of South Korea during their inception, there has been a surge in popularity internationally thanks to the easy online accessibility and variety of free digital comics. Today, Webtoons make roughly $5.91 billion globally.
In the country, as digital comics have emerged as a popular medium, print publication of comics has decreased. The amount of material published in webtoon form has now reached an equal amount as that published offline.
Western Region, Malta
The Western Region (Maltese: Reġjun Punent) is one of the six regions of Malta. Spread over an area of 72.47 km2 (27.98 sq mi), it is located in the southwestern part of the main island of Malta. The region borders the Northern and Southern regions. While the region is amongst the largest regions by land area, it is the least populated region in the main island. It was created by the Act No. XIV of 2019 and carved from parts of the Central Region in 2022. The region was one of the shooting locations of the popular television series Game of Thrones.

Central Region, Malta
The Central Region (Maltese: Reġjun Ċentrali) is a former region of Malta. The region included the central part of the main island of Malta, and bordered the Northern, Southern and South Eastern Regions.

It was created by the Act No. XVI of 2009 out of part of Malta Majjistral. Act No. XIV of 2019 replaced the region with Eastern Region, significantly changing its composition
Saad El Haddad
Saad El Haddad (Arabic: سعد الحداد, Arabic pronunciation: [sˤaːd aɫ.'ħa.dˤad]; born 24 July 2005) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a winger or a striker for Italian Serie C Group B club Pineto on loan from Venezia.

Serie C
The Serie C (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛːrje ˈtʃi]), officially known as Serie C Sky Wifi for sponsorship purposes, is the third-highest division in the Italian football league system after the Serie B and Serie A. The Lega Italiana Calcio Professionistico (Lega Pro) is the governing body that operates the Serie C.

The unification of the Lega Pro Prima Divisione and the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione as Lega Pro Divisione Unica (often also abbreviated as Lega Pro) in 2014 reintroduced the format of the original Serie C that existed between 1935 and 1978 (before the split into Serie C1 and Serie C2). In May 2017, the Lega Pro assembly unanimously approved renaming the competition to its original name, Serie C.
2018 Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia leadership election
The 2018 Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia leadership election took place on October 27, 2018, due to Jamie Baillie's announcement that he was stepping down as leader of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia on November 1, 2017. Baillie was to remain in the position until a new leader was elected, however on January 24, 2018, he announced his resignation with immediate effect due to "allegations of inappropriate behaviour".

Unlike the system of delegated conventions previously used, this election was conducted on a One Member One Vote basis, weighted so that each electoral district being allocated 100 points, which were distributed proportionally according to each candidate's level of support.

Jamie Baillie
Jamie Baillie (born April 28, 1966) is a former Canadian politician. He served as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia from 2010 to 2018, and was the Leader of the Opposition from 2013 until January 2018, when he resigned and returned to the private sector. At the same time, he resigned as MLA for Cumberland South, the riding he had represented in the House of Assembly since 2010.

Prior to entering politics, he was a chartered accountant and the head of Credit Union Atlantic.
HMS Plover (1916)
HMS Plover was a Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class, capable of higher speed. Launched on 3 March 1916 by Hawthorn Leslie on the River Tyne, the vessel served as part of the Grand Fleet. Plover was based at Scapa Flow and took part in sorties in response to German submarine activity. After an uneventful war, the destroyer was placed in reserve and decommissioned, being sold to be broken up on 9 May 1921.

Sortie
A sortie (from the French word meaning exit, from Latin root surgere meaning to "rise up") is a deployment or dispatch of one military unit, be it an aircraft, ship, or troops, from a strongpoint. The term originated in siege warfare.
Diffuse element method
In numerical analysis the diffuse element method (DEM) or simply diffuse approximation is a meshfree method.

The diffuse element method was developed by B. Nayroles, G. Touzot and Pierre Villon at the Universite de Technologie de Compiegne, in 1992.
It is in concept rather similar to the much older smoothed particle hydrodynamics. In the paper they describe a "diffuse approximation method", a method for function approximation from a given set of points.
In fact the method boils down to the well-known moving least squares for the particular case of a global approximation (using all available data points). Using this function approximation method, partial differential equations and thus fluid dynamic problems can be solved. For this, they coined the term diffuse element method (DEM).
Advantages over finite element methods are that DEM doesn't rely on a grid, and is more precise in the evaluation of the derivatives of the reconstructed functions.

Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method used for simulating the mechanics of continuum media, such as solid mechanics and fluid flows. It was developed by Gingold and Monaghan and Lucy in 1977, initially for astrophysical problems.  It has been used in many fields of research, including astrophysics, ballistics, volcanology, and oceanography. It is a meshfree Lagrangian method (where the co-ordinates move with the fluid), and the resolution of the method can easily be adjusted with respect to variables such as density.
Pedro Severino
Pedro Severino De León (born July 20, 1993) is a Dominican professional baseball catcher for the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican League. He has previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Nationals, Baltimore Orioles, and Milwaukee Brewers.

Sultanes de Monterrey
The Sultanes de Monterrey (English: Monterrey Sultans) are a professional baseball club in the Mexican League (LMB) based in Monterrey, Mexico. Established in 1939 as Carta Blanca, the Sultanes have won ten LMB titles, most recently in 2018. From 2019 to 2025, the club also fielded a team in the Mexican Pacific League (LMP), which plays a winter league schedule; they were the easternmost team to participate in the LMP.