hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Johan Axel Palmén
Johan Axel Palmén (7 November 1845 – 7 April 1919) was a Finnish zoologist who was known for his studies on bird migration and for efforts in bird conservation in Finland. His studies of bird migration included the identification of flyways along which a majority of shorebirds migrated as well as the phenomenon of leap-frog migration. He established the first bird ringing station in Finland by purchasing a piece of land in the village of Tvärminne.

Hanko, Finland
Hanko (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhɑŋko]; Swedish: Hangö) is a town in Finland, located in the southern coast of the country. Hanko is situated in the western part of the Uusimaa region. The population of Hanko is approximately 8,000. It is the 121st most populous municipality in Finland.

Hanko is located 130 kilometres (80 mi) west of Helsinki and 35 kilometres (22 mi) south-west of Ekenäs.

The Port of Hanko is today the 4th largest port in Finland. The skyline of Hanko is dominated by the church and the water tower. Both of them received their current appearance after World War II, as their predecessors were either damaged or destroyed by the Soviet Armed Forces.

Hanko is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 52% Finnish speakers, 41% Swedish speakers, and 6% speakers of other languages.
Avalanche photodiode
An avalanche photodiode (APD) is a highly sensitive type of photodiode, which in general are semiconductor diodes that convert light into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. APDs use materials and a structure optimised for operating with high reverse bias voltage, approaching the reverse breakdown voltage, such that charge carriers generated by the photovoltaic effect are multiplied by an avalanche breakdown; thus they can be used to detect relatively small amounts of light.

From a functional standpoint, they can be regarded as the semiconductor analog of photomultiplier tubes; unlike solar cells, they are not optimised for generating electricity from light but rather for detection of incoming photons. Typical applications for APDs are laser rangefinders, long-range fiber-optic telecommunication, positron emission tomography, and particle physics.

Breakdown voltage
The breakdown voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to experience electrical breakdown and  become electrically conductive.

For diodes, the breakdown voltage is the minimum reverse voltage that makes the diode conduct appreciably in reverse. Some devices (such as TRIACs) also have a forward breakdown voltage.
Ruth N. Edelman
Ruth Nelson Edelman was an American politician from Sheridan, Wyoming, who served a single term in the Wyoming House of Representatives. She was elected in 1938, and represented Sheridan County from 1939 to 1941 as a Republican in the 25th Wyoming Legislature.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Oh My Friend
Oh My Friend is a 2011 Telugu-language romantic drama film written and directed by Venu Sriram in his directorial debut and produced by Dil Raju under Sri Venkateswara Creations. The film stars Siddharth, Shruti Haasan, Hansika and Navdeep.

Principal photography began during February 2011 and continued till late-October, with filming held in Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Alappuzha and Mumbai. The film's cinematography was handled by Vijay K. Chakravarthy and edited by Marthand K. Venkatesh. The soundtrack was composed by Rahul Raj and background score was composed by Mani Sharma.

Oh My Friend was distributed by Geetha Arts and released on 11 November 2011. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise directed towards Siddharth and Shruti's performances as well as the supporting cast, but criticized the screenplay being predictable.

Hansika Motwani
Hansika Motwani (born 9 August 1991) is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Tamil and Telugu films. Motwani began her career as a child actor in Hindi films, and later went on to appear in lead roles in Telugu films, including Desamuduru (2007), Kantri (2008) and Maska (2009). She started her career in Tamil cinema with Mappillai (2011) and then appeared in several commercially successful Tamil films such as Engeyum Kadhal (2011), Velayudham (2011), Oru Kal Oru Kannadi (2012), Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru (2013),  Singam II (2013) and Aranmanai (2014). She has also acted in the Malayalam film Villain (2017).
Beauty and the Beast (franchise)
Beauty and the Beast is a Disney media franchise comprising a film series and additional merchandise. The success of the original 1991 American animated feature, Beauty and the Beast, directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, led to three direct-to-video follow-up films, a live-action spin-off television series, a Disney World stage show, a Disney World restaurant, a trackless dark ride, several video games, merchandise, and the 10th longest-running musical in Broadway history, which was nominated for nine Tony Awards, winning for Best Costume Design. In March 2017, Disney released a live-action remake of the film.

Belle is also a character used on Disney Consumer Products' Disney Princess franchise, while Gaston and LeFou are part of the Disney Villains franchise.

Kirk Wise
Kirk Wise is an American film director, animator and screenwriter best known for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. Wise has directed Disney animated films such as Beauty and the Beast, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, and Atlantis: The Lost Empire. He also directed the English-language translation of Hayao Miyazaki's Spirited Away. He frequently works with Gary Trousdale and Don Hahn.
Michael Trudgill
Michael Trudgill (born 1966) is the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) for the UK Civil Aviation Authority. Previously Trudgill was a British Senior Medical Officer and Officer Commanding for the Aircrew Equipment Integration Group at the RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine, a former serving Wing Commander in the Royal Air Force, a recipient of the Richard Fox-Linton Memorial Prize in 2005, the Astra Zeneca Prize for Occupational Medicine in 2006, the MOD Chief Scientific Adviser’s Commendation in 2010 and, in 2012, received international awards being made a Fellow of the Aerospace Medical Association and receiving the John Paul Stapp Award for his outstanding contribution to aviation medicine.

John Stapp
John Paul Stapp (July 11, 1910 – November 13, 1999) was an American career U.S. Air Force officer, flight surgeon, physician, biophysicist, and pioneer in studying the effects of acceleration forces on humans. He was a colleague and contemporary of Chuck Yeager, and became known as "the fastest man on earth".  His work on Project Manhigh pioneered many developments for the US space program.
Patrick J. Flynn
Patrick J. Flynn is a successful race horse trainer.  Among the winners that he has trained are:

Alalja, winner of:

1992 Debutante Stakes (Ireland)

Montelado, winner of:

1992 Champion Bumper

1993 Supreme Novices' Hurdle

Salmon Eile, winner of:

1993 Mooresbridge Stakes

Aries Girl, winner of:

1994 Champion INH Flat Race

Cheviot Amble

1994 Mooresbridge Stakes

Ger's Royal, winner of:

1996 Solonaway Stakes

Wandering Thoughts, winner of:

1996 Renaissance Stakes

French Ballerina, winner of:

1996 Diamond Stakes

1997 and 1998 Saval Beg Stakes

1998 Supreme Novices' Hurdle

Bahrain Storm, winner of:

2009 Galway Hurdle

She's Our Mark,  winner of:

2007 Desmond Stakes

2009 Meld Stakes

2010 Give Thanks Stakes

Mooresbridge Stakes
The Mooresbridge Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Ireland open to thoroughbreds aged four years or older. It is run over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres) at the Curragh in early May.
Family Dog at the Great Highway, San Francisco, CA 4/18/70
Family Dog at the Great Highway, San Francisco, CA 4/18/70 is a live album by the rock band the Grateful Dead.  It was recorded at the Family Dog concert hall in San Francisco on April 18, 1970.  It was released by Rhino Records on November 29, 2013.  The album was produced as a single-disc CD, and also as a two-disc vinyl LP, the latter in a limited audiophile edition of 7,500 copies.

The concert was a "stealth" performance by the Grateful Dead, who were billed as "Mickey Hart and His Heartbeats" and "Bobby Ace and His Cards from the Bottom of the Deck", a reference to band members Mickey Hart and Bob Weir.  The band performed one set of acoustic music, including some rarely played tunes.  They were joined on some songs by John Dawson and David Nelson of the New Riders of the Purple Sage.  The last six songs of the concert were performed solo by Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, singing and playing an acoustic guitar.

John Dawson (musician)
John Collins Dawson IV (June 16, 1945 – July 21, 2009), nicknamed "Marmaduke", was an American musician, singer, and songwriter. He was best known as the leader and co-founder of the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. He sang lead vocals on most of the band's songs.
Dare (comic strip)
"Dare", also known as Dare - The Controversial Memoir of Dan Dare, Pilot of the Future is a British dystopian science fiction comic story, starring the character Dan Dare . Written by Grant Morrison and illustrated by Rian Hughes, the story originally began publication in the Fleetway Publications anthology Revolver in July 1990 before concluding in Crisis. The story is a revisionist take on Dare, using the character to satirise the government of Margaret Thatcher, and the treatment of the character's creator Frank Hampson.

Crisis (British comics)
Crisis (also known as 2000 AD Presents: Crisis) was a British comic anthology published by Fleetway Publications from 17 September 1988 to October 1991, initially fortnightly and later monthly. Designed to appeal to older readers than other Fleetway titles in order to take advantage of a boom in interest in 'adult' comics, Crisis featured overtly political and complex stories; one issue was even produced in conjunction with Amnesty International.

Despite being branded under the umbrella of the successful 2000 AD, the comic was not a sales success and – despite periodic attempts at revamps – was cancelled after 63 issues. However, it did feature early work by a number of notable British comics creators, including Garth Ennis, John McCrea, Mark Millar, Grant Morrison and John Smith.
Marilyn Fogel
Marilyn L. Fogel (September 19, 1952 – May 11, 2022) was an American geo-ecologist and Professor of Geo-ecology at UC Riverside in Riverside, California. She is known for her research using stable isotope mass spectrometry to study a variety of subjects including ancient climates, biogeochemical cycles, animal behavior, ecology, and astrobiology. Fogel served in many leadership roles, including Program Director at the National Science Foundation in geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry.

She was the second female staff scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science's Geophysical Laboratory and the first female recipient of the Alfred Treibs Medal from the Geochemical Society for her achievements in the field of organic geochemistry.

Geochemical Society
The Geochemical Society is a nonprofit scientific organization founded to encourage the application of chemistry to solve problems involving geology and cosmology. The society promotes understanding of geochemistry through the annual Goldschmidt Conference, publication of a peer-reviewed journal and electronic newsletter, awards programs recognizing significant accomplishments in the field, and student development programs. The society's offices are located on the campus of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC.
Sharon Hartwell
Sharon L. Hartwell MLA is a Canadian politician who has served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (MLA) representing the electoral district of Bulkley Valley-Stikine since 2024. She is a member of the Conservative Party.

Bulkley Valley-Stikine
Bulkley Valley-Stikine is a provincial electoral district in British Columbia, Canada.

The riding was known as Bulkley Valley-Stikine from its first creation in 1991 until the 2009 election. Following the Electoral Districts Act, 2008, which came into effect upon the dissolution of the BC Legislature in April 2009, the riding was renamed Stikine. Following the 2021 British Columbia electoral redistribution that took effect for the 2024 election, it returned to its original name but did not undergo any boundary changes.
Święta Katarzyna railway station
Święta Katarzyna railway station is a station in Święta Katarzyna, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland.

The Święta Katarzyna - Wrocław Kuźniki railway line (349), serving as the railway bypass of Wrocław, begins at Święta Katarzyna railway station. The railway station underwent extensive renovation in 2006, when outlying and unused buildings were deconstructed, including a spur towards Oława, whilst the westerly track heading towards Wrocław Brochów was moved to accommodate the construction of a new platform, for passengers heading to the aforesaid railway station.

Wrocław Brochów railway station
Wrocław Brochów railway station is a station in the osiedle of Brochów in Wrocław, Poland. The railway station was built in 1896 due to the growing importance of Brochów's railway yard, being one of the largest in the German Empire, found on the Wrocław – Oława line completed in 1842, the first phase of the Upper Silesian Railway.

Nowadays, only regional trains, operated by Przewozy Regionalne and Koleje Dolnośląskie on lines Wrocław Główny – Opole and Wrocław Wojnów – Jelcz Laskowice stop at the station. Nearby the passenger station is one of the largest railway cargo hubs in Poland – Wrocław Brochów Towarowy.

In December 2011, the station building's restoration began. The total cost of which was about 1,8 million Polish złotys (including adaptation for disabled people).
Kris Travis
Kris Travis (16 December 1983 – 31 March 2016) was a British professional wrestler. He was a staple of the UK and European independent wrestling scenes, working for companies such as PROGRESS Wrestling, Insane Championship Wrestling, Preston City Wrestling, Premier British Wrestling, Revolution Pro Wrestling, Westside Xtreme Wrestling, British Championship Wrestling, One Pro Wrestling, Total Nonstop Action, Frontier Wrestling Alliance and others, until his death in 2016.

One Pro Wrestling
One Pro Wrestling (abbreviated as 1PW) was a British professional wrestling promotion. 1PW was founded in 2005 by Steven Gauntley. Originally run by the now defunct retail chain 1 Up Games, the company's headquarters were located in Doncaster.
Mutant Chronicles (film)
Mutant Chronicles is a 2008 British-American science fiction steampunk action-horror film, loosely based on the role-playing game of the same name. The film was directed by Simon Hunter, and stars Thomas Jane and Ron Perlman.

It was released throughout Europe in 2008, followed by a North American VOD on March 27, 2009, and a theatrical release for selected cities on April 24, 2009. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 4, 2009.

Thomas Jane
Thomas Jane (born Thomas Elliott III; February 22, 1969) is an American actor. He is known for appearing in the films Boogie Nights (1997), Deep Blue Sea (1999), The Sweetest Thing (2002), The Punisher (2004), The Mist (2007), 1922 (2017), and The Predator (2018). Jane's television roles include Mickey Mantle in the television film 61* (2001), Ray Drecker in the HBO series Hung (2009–2011), for which he was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, and Josephus Miller in the Syfy/Amazon Video series The Expanse (2015–2019).

Outside his acting career, he has edited and written various comic books, the first of which was Bad Planet. He made his directorial debut with the crime thriller Dark Country (2009). He has also modelled for various magazines, including Men's Health and Da Man. Jane will portray Dr. Leonard 'Bones' McCoy in the 5th season of Star Trek: Strange New Worlds.
Boyette: Not a Girl Yet
Boyette: Not a Girl Yet is a 2020 Philippine comedy film starring Zaijian Jaranilla, Iñigo Pascual and Maris Racal, directed by Jumbo Albano. The film is under Star Cinema. It is about a college student who will pretend to be a straight to get him closer to his crush. The film was released on KTX and iWantTFC as well as Sky Cable PPV and Cignal PPV on November 27, 2020.

Iñigo Pascual
Iñigo Dominic Lazaro Pascual (Tagalog: [ɪˈɲigɔ pɐsˈkwal]; born September 14, 1997) is a Filipino actor, singer and songwriter. He is popularly known for his 2016 hit single, "Dahil Sa'yo", the first number one song on Billboard Philippines' Philippine Top 20 chart, which also won "Song of the Year" at the 30th Awit Awards. He is the son of actor Piolo Pascual.
Red River Fault
The Red River Fault or  Song Hong Fault (Vietnamese: Đới Đứt Gãy Sông Hồng) is a major fault in Yunnan, China and Vietnam which accommodates continental China's (Yangtze plate) southward movement. It is coupled with that of the Sagaing Fault in Burma, which accommodates the Indian plate's northward movement, with the land (Indochina) in between faulted and twisted clockwise. It was responsible for the 1970 Tonghai earthquake.

It is named after the Red River which runs through the valley eroded along the fault trace.

The Red River Fault was a sinistral strike-slip shear zone until Miocene times when it became reactivated as a brittle dextral strike-slip fault.

Sagaing Fault
The Sagaing Fault is a major fault in Myanmar, a mainly continental right-lateral transform fault between the Indian plate and Sunda plate. It links the divergent boundary in the Andaman Sea with the zone of active continental collision along the Himalayan front.  It passes through the populated cities of Mandalay, Yamethin, Pyinmana, the capital Naypyidaw, Toungoo and Bago before dropping off into the Gulf of Martaban, running for a total length of over 1,400 km (870 mi).
Jessica Dismorr
Jessica Stewart Dismorr (3 March 1885 – 29 August 1939) was an English painter and illustrator. Dismorr participated in almost all of the avant-garde groups active in London between 1912 and 1937 and was one of the few English painters of the 1930s to work in a completely abstract manner. She was one of only two women members of the Vorticist movement and also exhibited with the Allied Artists Association, the Seven and Five Society and the London Group. She was the only female contributor to Group X and displayed abstract works at the 1937 Artists' International Association exhibition. Poems and illustrations by Dismorr appeared in several avant-garde publications including Blast, Rhythm and an edition of Axis.

The London Group
The London Group is a society based in London, England, created to offer additional exhibiting opportunities to artists besides the Royal Academy of Arts. Formed in 1913, it is one of the oldest artist-led organisations in the world. It was formed from the merger of the Camden Town Group, an all-male group, and the Fitzroy Street Group. It holds open submission exhibitions for members and guest artists.
Frederick K. Stearns
Frederick Kimball Stearns (December 6, 1854 – June 7, 1924) was an American businessman who was the president of Frederick Stearns & Company, a pharmaceutical manufacturing business, from 1887 to 1921.  He was also the organizer of the Detroit Orchestral Association, which later became the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, a trustee of the Detroit Museum of Art, and the owner of the Detroit Wolverines baseball team in the National League from 1885 to 1888.

Detroit Symphony Orchestra
The Detroit Symphony Orchestra (DSO) is an American orchestra based in Detroit, Michigan. Its primary performance venue is Orchestra Hall at the Max M. Fisher Music Center in Detroit's Midtown neighborhood. Jader Bignamini is the current music director of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, with Enrico Lopez-Yañez as Principal Pops Conductor, Tabita Berglund as Principal Guest Conductor and Na'Zir McFadden as assistant conductor. Leonard Slatkin, the previous music director, is the orchestra's current music director laureate. Neeme Järvi, music director from 1990 to 2005, is the orchestra's current music director emeritus.
Tomb of Sikandar Lodi
The Tomb of Sikandar Lodi is the tomb of the second ruler of the Lodi Dynasty, Sikandar Lodi (reign: 1489–1517 CE) situated in New Delhi, India. The tomb is situated in Lodi Gardens in Delhi and was built in 1517–1518 CE by his son Ibrahim Lodi. The monument is situated 100 meters away from the Bara Gumbad and the area in which it is situated was formerly a village called Khairpur.

Ibrahim Khan Lodi
Ibrahim Khan Lodi (Persian: ابراهیم خان لودی; 1480 – 21 April 1526) was the last Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, who became Sultan in 1517 after the death of his father Sikandar Khan. He was the last ruler of the Lodi dynasty, reigning for nine years until 1526, when he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Panipat by Babur's invading army, giving way to the emergence of the Mughal Empire in India.
Alifaan
Alifaan (lit fire) is a 2025 Maldivian action thriller film co-edited and co-directed by Ravee Farooq and Ali Shifau. Co-produced by Mohamed Ali and Aishath Fuwad under Dark Rain Entertainment, the film stars Ravee Farooq, Sharaf Abdulla, Sheela Najeeb, Maiha Adam, Moosa Aleef and Hazif Mohamed in pivotal roles. The film was released on 6 October 2025.

Dark Rain Entertainment
Dark Rain Entertainment is a Maldivian production company based in Male' producing Maldivian films. Established in 2006, the studio has produced the first Maldivian films shot entirely in HD, 3D and on DSLR.
Ancient Somali city-states
In antiquity, ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the old world. Proto-Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians, Mycenaeans and Babylonians. During the classical era, several ancient Somali city-states competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade.

Frankincense
Frankincense, also known as olibanum (/oʊˈlɪbənəm/), is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfume, obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia in the family Burseraceae. The word is from Old French franc encens ('high-quality incense'). There are several species of Boswellia that produce  frankincense, including, but not limited to, Boswellia sacra (syn. B. bhaw-dajiana, syn. B. carteri), B. frereana, B. serrata (B. thurifera), and B. papyrifera. Resin from each is available in various grades which is affected by the time in which it is harvested. The resin is hand-sorted for quality.
Six Nations Rivermen
The Six Nations Rivermen are a Senior box lacrosse team. The team played in the City of Ohsweken, Ontario, Canada and participate in the OLA Senior B Lacrosse League. They most recently won the Presidents Cup in 2019, and the OLA Senior B League in 2024.

Onondaga Redhawks
The Onondaga Redhawks are an American and Iroquois Senior "B" box lacrosse team from Nedrow, New York at Onondaga Nation. The team play their home games at Onondaga Nation Arena, aka Tsha'Hon'nonyen'dakhwa'.

The Redhawks are eight-time Can-Am Senior B Lacrosse League (2005, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018) champions and the 2010 and 2014 Presidents Cup Senior B National Champions.