hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USS Hatteras (1861)
The first USS Hatteras was a 1,126-ton iron-hulled steamer purchased by the Union Navy at the beginning of the American Civil War. She was outfitted as a gunboat and assigned to the Union blockade of the ports and waterways of the Confederate States of America. During an engagement with the disguised Confederate commerce raider, CSS Alabama, she was taken by surprise and was sunk off the coast of Galveston, Texas. The wreck site is one of the few listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its location away from destructive surf and because of the ship's side-wheel design, which marks the transition between wooden sailing ships and steam-powered ships.

Hatteras (formerly St. Mary) was purchased by the U. S. Navy from Harlan and Hollingsworth of Wilmington, Delaware on 25 September 1861. She was fitted out at the Philadelphia Navy Yard and commissioned in October 1861, Commander George F. Emmons in command.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Treasons Act 1649
The Treasons Act 1649 or Act declaring what offences shall be adjudged Treason was an act passed on 17 July 1649 by the Rump Parliament during the Commonwealth of England. It superseded the Act declaring what offences shall be adjudged Treason passed about two months earlier on 14 May 1649.

The act was deemed necessary because the Commonwealth was a republic, so treason against the person of the king had no meaning. There were certain threats that faced the Commonwealth, which this law helped to address.

However, all acts and ordinances passed by Parliament during the Civil War and Interregnum did not have royal assent, so they were deemed to be null and void following the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660.

English Council of State
The English Council of State, later also known as the Protector's Privy Council, was first appointed by the Rump Parliament on 14 February 1649 after the execution of King Charles I.

Charles's execution on 30 January was delayed for several hours so that the House of Commons could pass an emergency bill to declare the representatives of the people, the House of Commons, as the source of all just power and to make it an offence to proclaim a new King. This in effect abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords.
Pat Nicol
Patricia Marilyn Nicol (née Ready; March 23, 1935 – October 20, 2023) was a Canadian politician, developer, television commentator and newspaper columnist. She served as an alderman on Ottawa City Council from 1975 to 1976, and on the Ottawa Board of Control from 1977 to 1978. Considered to be on the "extreme right end" of the political spectrum at city hall, she was known for her "fiery speaking style" and her divisiveness led her to stand "alone... against the rest of city council on big issues". She was also known for her political rivalry with Ottawa's left leaning mayor, Marion Dewar, whom she ran against twice for Ottawa's top job.

Ottawa Board of Control
The Ottawa Board of Control was an important part of the governance of Ottawa, Ontario from 1908 until 1980 when it was abolished. Through the 19th century Ottawa had been governed by a mayor and city council, but most councillors were only part-time and could spend only a few hours per week on municipal issues.

The board was elected across the entire city of Ottawa with the four candidates receiving the most votes being added to the board. The member of the board of control who received the most votes was also made deputy mayor, and was the legal successor to the mayor should they resign or die in office. The board of control was abolished in 1980 by the Ontario Municipal Board after a council vote for its abolition.
USS R. B. Forbes
USS R. B. Forbes was a steamer acquired by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. Originally built in either 1845 or 1846, the vessel saw service as a tugboat and briefly a lightship at Boston, Massachusetts.  Built by Otis Tufts and named after Robert Bennet Forbes, she was the first iron mercantile vessel built in New England.

Purchased by the Union Navy in 1861 for $52,500 (equivalent to $1,800,000 in 2024), she was converted to a warship and saw action during the Battle of Port Royal on November 7.  On February 25, 1862, en route to join the Mortar Flotilla, she was wrecked on the Currituck Banks in a storm and was burned to prevent capture.

Union navy
The Union navy is used to describe the United States Navy (USN) during the American Civil War, when it fought the Confederate States Navy (CSN). The term is sometimes used to describe vessels of war used on the rivers of the interior under the control of the Union army.
Boboy Salonga: Batang Tondo
Boboy Salonga: Batang Tondo (lit. 'Boboy Salonga: Tondo Kid') is a 1992 Filipino action film directed by Junn P. Cabreira. The film stars Jeric Raval in the title role, alongside Monica Herrera, Vic Vargas, Mark Gil, Rina Reyes, Francis Magalona, Jennifer Mendoza, Ronel Victor, Ali Sotto and Dick Israel. Produced by OctoArts Films, the film was released in May 1992 and distributed by Cinemax Studios.

Critic Justino Dormiendo of the Manila Standard gave the film a negative review, criticizing its lack of believability and being another example of Philippine cinema's "gross commercialization" through its tendency for violence.

The film is streaming online on YouTube.

Mark Gil
Raphael John Gil Eigenmann (September 25, 1961 – September 1, 2014), known professionally as Mark Gil, was a Filipino actor. Gil was often cast as a main villain in Philippine action films that was popular during the late '80s to the early 2000s.

Gil was also widely known for playing the protagonist of the critically acclaimed 1982 film Batch '81 and the role of Lorna Tolentino's former Filipino-American boss-lover-killer in the drama-suspense thriller The Elsa Santos Castillo Story: The Chop-Chop Lady, the script of which is inspired by true events. He also appeared in several drama series, the last of which was the ABS-CBN drama The Legal Wife, starring Angel Locsin and Jericho Rosales.
Pine Mountain State Scenic Trail
Pine Mountain State Scenic Trail is a 120 mi (193 km) trail under development in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Once completed, the trail will wind along Pine Mountain Ridge from the Breaks Interstate Park to Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. The park itself will cover a 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) band along Pine Mountain. The trail will connect Bad Branch State Nature Preserve and many other natural areas owned by the Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves.

As of May 2014, the trail is completed from the Breaks Interstate Park to Kingdom Come State Park.

Breaks Interstate Park
Breaks Interstate Park, also known as "the Breaks," is a bi-state state park located partly in southeastern Kentucky and southwestern Virginia in the Jefferson National Forest, at the northeastern terminus of Pine Mountain. The land is managed by an interstate compact between the states of Virginia and Kentucky. It is one of two interstate parks in the United States operated jointly under a compact rather than as two separate state park units. The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation and the Kentucky Department of Parks are still major partner organizations.

Breaks Interstate Park has been called the "Grand Canyon of the South". Russell Fork river and Clinchfield Railroad (now the CSX Transportation Kingsport Subdivision) both pass through it. It is accessed via Virginia 80 and Kentucky 80 between Haysi, Virginia, and Elkhorn City, Kentucky, and passes through the community of Breaks, Virginia, east of the park.
Xiangjiaba Dam
The Xiangjiaba Dam (simplified Chinese: 向家坝; traditional Chinese: 向家壩; pinyin: Xiàngjiābà) is a large gravity dam on the Jinsha River, a tributary of the Yangtze River in Yunnan Province and Sichuan Province in southwest China. The facility has eleven Francis turbines, four with a capacity of 812 MW and four rated at 800 MW and three with 450 MW, totalling an installed capacity of 7,798 MW. Xiangjiaba Dam is China's fourth-biggest hydropower station following Three Gorges Dam, Baihetan Dam and Xiluodu Dam.
Construction started on November 26, 2006, and its first generator was commissioned in October 2012. The last generator was commissioned on July 9, 2014.

The output of the generating station is connected to an ±800 kV HVDC link, the Xiangjiaba–Shanghai HVDC system, which transmits the power to Shanghai.

Xiluodu Dam
The Xiluodu Dam (simplified Chinese: 溪洛渡大坝; traditional Chinese: 溪洛渡大壩; pinyin: Xīluòdù Dàbà) is an arch dam on the Jinsha River, i.e. the upper course of the Yangtze in China. It is located near the town of Xiluodu in Yongshan County of Yunnan Province but the dam straddles into Leibo County of Sichuan Province on the opposite side of the river. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power generation and its power station has an installed capacity of 13,860 MW. Additionally, the dam provides for flood control, silt control and its regulated water releases are intended to improve navigation downstream. Construction on the dam and power station began in 2005 and the first generator was commissioned in 2013, the last in 2014. It is operated by China Yangtze Power and is currently the fourth-largest power station in the world, as well as the fifth tallest dam world-wide.
Garlin case
The Garlin case refers to the murder of Tammie Garlin and the earlier physical abuse of Garlin's 11-year-old son on June 4, 2007, by their roommate Candace Clark, Clark's boyfriend Michael Sisk, and Garlin's girlfriend Michaela Clerc. Garlin's 15-year-old daughter, Felicia Mae, was tried as a juvenile for being a willing participant in her mother's murder and the abuse of her brother. The case drew attention to blind spots in the U.S. state of Florida's child-protection system.

Columbia County, Wisconsin
Columbia County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 58,490. Its county seat and largest city is Portage. The county was created in 1846 as part of Wisconsin Territory. Columbia County is part of the Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Madison-Janesville-Beloit, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Organization & Environment
Organization & Environment (O&E) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the fields of "management, organizations, and environmental sustainability." The current Editors-in-Chief are Minna Halme (Aalto University) and Stefan Schaltegger (Leuphana University of Lüneburg). Formerly it was Michael Russo (University of Oregon). The journal was established in 1987 and is published by SAGE Publications; it is associated with the Group of Research on Organizations and the Natural Environment (GRONEN).

Leuphana University of Lüneburg
Leuphana University Lüneburg is a public university in Lüneburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. Leuphana was founded in 1946 as a college of education (German: Pädagogische Hochschule), later expanding to become a university designated as a "foundation under public law." The name Leuphana is derived from an ancient settlement on the Elbe that was mentioned in a 2nd-century geographical world atlas by Ptolemy.

Leuphana has five schools of research, which focus on the fields of education, culture and society, management and technology, sustainability, and public affairs. With nearly 10,000 students, approximately 12% of which are international students.
María Cristina Kiehr
María Cristina Kiehr (born in Tandil, Argentina) is a soprano vocalist associated with Baroque music. After receiving her early musical training in Argentina, she moved in 1983 to Europe and studied under René Jacobs at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis, specializing in the Baroque repertoire. She performs and records for the Harmonia Mundi label.

Harmonia Mundi
Harmonia Mundi is a record label that specializes in classical music, jazz, and world music (on the World Village label). It was founded in France in 1958 and is now a subsidiary of PIAS Entertainment Group, which is itself owned by Universal Music Group as of October 2024.

Its Latin name harmonia mundi translates as "harmony of the world".
Roland Bulirsch
Roland Zdeněk Bulirsch (10 November 1932 – 21 September 2022) was a Czech-German mathematician specialising in numerical analysis. He studied and taught at the Technical University of Munich, and taught internationally as visiting professor. He was co-author of the reference book Introduction to Numerical Analysis, and president of the edition of the works by Johannes Kepler. He received honorary doctorates from international universities, and several awards.

Technical University of Munich
The Technical University of Munich (TUM or TU Munich; German: Technische Universität München) is a public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It specializes in engineering, technology, medicine, and applied and natural sciences.

Established in 1868 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria, the university now has additional campuses in Garching, Freising, Heilbronn, Straubing, Ottobrunn, and Singapore, with the Garching campus being its largest. The university is organized into seven schools, and is supported by numerous research centers. It is one of the largest universities in Germany, with 51,954 students and an annual budget of €2,171.0 million including the university hospital.

A University of Excellence under the German Universities Excellence Initiative, TUM is among the leading universities in the European Union. Its researchers and alumni include 19 Nobel laureates and 26 Leibniz Prize winners.
Arnold Book Company
Arnold Book Company (ABC) was a British publisher of comic books that operated in the late 1940s and 1950s, most actively from 1950 to 1954. ABC published original titles like the war comic Ace Malloy of the Special Squadron and the science fiction title Space Comics, and reprints of American horror and crime titles (many featuring the work of Joe Simon and Jack Kirby) like Adventures into the Unknown, Black Magic Comics, and  Justice Traps the Guilty. British contributors to the company's titles include Mick Anglo and Denis Gifford. Arnold Book Company was closely connected to the fellow British comics publisher L. Miller & Son.

In the 1950s, Arnold Book Company suffered from backlash for some of its horror comic reprints, leading to the company's closure in 1958. ABC's founder, Arnold L. Miller, later became a filmmaker and film producer, primarily in the nudist and sexploitation genre.

Nudity in film
Nudity in film has been a topic of discussion and debate since the beginning of film as a medium. It may be obvious or merely suggestive, such as when a person appears to be naked but is covered by a sheet. It is a distinct topic from sex in film, as many films contain nudity in a non-sexual context, although nudity is almost always present in pornographic films, and are commonly seen in erotic films.

Nude scenes are considered controversial in many cultures because they often challenge a community's standards of modesty. These standards vary by culture and depend on the type of nudity, who is exposed, which parts of the body are exposed, the duration of the exposure, the posing, the context, or other aspects.

Nudity in film may be subject to censorship or rating regimes that control the content of films. Many directors and producers apply self-censorship, limiting nudity (and other content) in their films to avoid censorship or a strict rating.
Graham Nicholson
Graham Nicholson (born December 7, 2002) is an American college football kicker who played for the Miami RedHawks and Alabama Crimson Tide. Nicholson won the Lou Groza Award in 2023, which is awarded to the nation's best kicker.

Lou Groza Award
The Lou Groza Award is presented annually to the top college football placekicker in the United States by the Palm Beach County Sports Commission. The award is named after former Ohio State Buckeyes and Cleveland Browns player Lou Groza. It has been presented since 1992, with Joe Allison of Memphis State receiving the inaugural award. The incumbent award holder is Tate Sandell of the University of Oklahoma. The award is part of the National College Football Awards Association coalition.
Barry Crago
Barry Crago is an American attorney, rancher, and politician serving as a Republican member of the Wyoming Senate, representing District 22 since 2025. He previously served as a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives for District 40 from 2021 to 2024.

Wyoming's 40th House of Representatives district
Wyoming's 40th House of Representatives district is one of 62 districts in the Wyoming House of Representatives. The district encompasses Johnson County and part of Sheridan County. It is represented by Republican Representative Marilyn Connolly of Buffalo.

In 1992, the state of Wyoming switched from electing state legislators by county to a district-based system.
Arc (greyhounds)
The Arc was a greyhound racing competition held at Abbey Stadium, Swindon. It was inaugurated in 1987 at Walthamstow Stadium but when the track closed in 2008 the event switched to Swindon.

In 2018, Swindon announced that the event would be staged at a different time due to building work but this never materialised and the competition came to an end.

Walthamstow Stadium
Walthamstow Stadium was a greyhound racing track in the London Borough of Waltham Forest in east London. It was regarded as the leading greyhound racing stadium in Britain following the closure of White City in 1984. The stadium closed on 16 August 2008.
Joseph Bara
François Joseph Bara (30 July 1779 – 7 December 1793) was a French soldier best known for his death during the War in the Vendée. At the age of twelve, he joined the French Revolutionary Army as a drummer boy after the outbreak of French Revolutionary Wars, and was killed by Chouan rebels while defending a pair of horses he was leading. Bara was transformed after his death into a martyr for the French Revolution and has been depicted in several works of art.

Chouan
Chouan (French pronunciation: [ʃwɑ̃] ⓘ, "the silent one", or "owl") is a French nickname.  It was used as a nom de guerre by the Chouan brothers, most notably Jean Cottereau, better known as Jean Chouan, who led a major revolt in Bas-Maine against the French Revolution. Participants in this revolt – and to some extent French anti-revolutionary activists in general – came to be known as Chouans, and the revolt itself came to be known as the Chouannerie.
Splash Amarillo Waterpark
Splash Amarillo Waterpark was a waterpark located in Amarillo, Texas. It was originally built as FireWater Waterpark in May 2000. It sat on a 13-acre (53,000 m2) site just half a mile down Interstate 40 from the Big Texan Steak Ranch. Attractions consisted of a 14,000-square-foot (1,300 m2) wave pool, 845-foot (258 m) long lazy river, a tower housing six separate slides, kids pool, and kids play tower. It also features a gift shop, concession stand, volleyball courts, and an arcade. It closed in 2016, and all the slides were relocated to a new park in Plainview called Royal Splash Texas, which opened in 2017.

Big Texan Steak Ranch
The Big Texan Steak Ranch is a large steakhouse restaurant and motel located in Amarillo, Texas. It is a roadside attraction known for competitive eating.

The restaurant opened in 1960 and was originally located on Route 66. It relocated to its present location on an Interstate 40 frontage road in 1970. The building is painted a bright yellow, with blue trim. A large bull statue advertises their "free" 72 ounce steak eating challenge.
Swans Against the Sun
Swans Against the Sun is the fifth album by an American singer-songwriter Michael Martin Murphey released in late 1975. The album features performances by John Denver, Charlie Daniels, and Willie Nelson, and peaked at number 44 on the Billboard 200.

Charlie Daniels
Charles Edward Daniels (October 28, 1936 – July 6, 2020) was an American singer, musician and songwriter. His music fused rock, country, blues and jazz and was a pioneering contribution to Southern rock and progressive country. He was best known for his number-one country hit "The Devil Went Down to Georgia". Much of his output, including all but one of his eight Billboard Hot 100 charting singles, was credited to the Charlie Daniels Band.

Daniels was active as a singer and musician from the 1950s until his death in 2020. He was inducted into the Cheyenne Frontier Days Hall of Fame in 2002, the Grand Ole Opry in 2008, the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2009 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2016.
Ed Brinkman
Edwin Albert Brinkman (December 8, 1941 – September 30, 2008) was an American professional baseball player, coach and scout. He played as a shortstop in Major League Baseball from 1961 to 1975, most prominently as a member of the Washington Senators and the Detroit Tigers.

Brinkman was a light-hitting, defensive specialist who spent the first 10 years of his career with the 1961 expansion team the Washington Senators, before being traded to the Detroit Tigers where he helped lead the team to the 1972 American League Eastern Division title and was voted 1972 Tiger of the Year. He won the American League (AL) Gold Glove Award in 1972, and made his only All-Star team in 1973 while with the Tigers. Brinkman ended his career playing for the St. Louis Cardinals, Texas Rangers, and the New York Yankees.

After his playing career, Brinkman worked for several major league organizations as a scout, coach and minor league manager until he retired in 2000.

American League East
The American League East is one of Major League Baseball's six divisions. MLB consists of an East, Central, and West division for each of its two 15-team leagues, the American League (AL) and National League (NL). This division was created before the start of the 1969 season along with the American League West. Before that time, each league consisted of 10 teams without any divisions.

Four of the division's five teams are located in the Eastern United States, with the other team, the Toronto Blue Jays, in Eastern Canada. It is currently the only division that contains a non-American team. At the end of the Major League Baseball season, the team with the best record in the division earns one of the AL's six playoff spots.
Crêta de Vella
The Crêta de Vella is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, located south of Liddes in the canton of Valais. It lies at the northern end of the chain separating the Comba de l'A from the main valley of Entremont.

Pennine Alps
The Pennine Alps (French: Alpes Pennines, German: Walliser Alpen, Italian: Alpi Pennine, Latin: Alpes Poeninae), sometimes referred to as the Valais Alps (which are just the Northern Swiss part of the Pennine Alps), are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Italy (the Aosta Valley and Piedmont) and Switzerland (Valais).

The Pennine Alps are amongst the three highest major subranges of the Alps, together with the Bernese Alps and the Graian Alps that include the Mont Blanc massif.