hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sequential algorithm
In computer science, a sequential algorithm or serial algorithm is an algorithm that is executed sequentially – once through, from start to finish, without other processing executing – as opposed to concurrently or in parallel. The term is primarily used to contrast with concurrent algorithm or parallel algorithm; most standard computer algorithms are sequential algorithms, and not specifically identified as such, as sequentialness is a background assumption. Concurrency and parallelism are in general distinct concepts, but they often overlap – many distributed algorithms are both concurrent and parallel – and thus "sequential" is used to contrast with both, without distinguishing which one. If these need to be distinguished, the opposing pairs sequential/concurrent and serial/parallel may be used.

"Sequential algorithm" may also refer specifically to an algorithm for decoding a convolutional code.

Concurrent computing
Concurrent computing is a form of computing in which several computations are executed concurrently—during overlapping time periods—instead of sequentially—with one completing before the next starts.

This is a property of a system—whether a program, computer, or a network—where there is a separate execution point or "thread of control" for each process. A concurrent system is one where a computation can advance without waiting for all other computations to complete.

Concurrent computing is a form of modular programming. In its paradigm an overall computation is factored into subcomputations that may be executed concurrently. Pioneers in the field of concurrent computing include Edsger Dijkstra, Per Brinch Hansen, and C.A.R. Hoare.
Elsie Effah Kaufmann
Elsie Akosua Biraa Effah Kaufmann FGA, FBSE, FGhIE, FREng, PE (born 7 September 1969) is a Ghanaian academic, academic administrator, biomedical engineer, and television host. She is the Dean of the School of Engineering Sciences at the University of Ghana since August 2022, the first woman to hold the position. Effah Kaufmann is renowned for her contributions to biomedical engineering education and research in Africa, and is the current host of the National Science and Maths Quiz since 2006.

A University of Pennsylvania-trained bioengineer, Effah Kaufmann's work focuses on tissue engineering, biomaterials, and STEM education accessibility in resource-limited settings. In 2025, she was inducted as the first Ghanaian International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Royal Academy of Engineering
The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) is the United Kingdom's national academy of engineering.

The Academy was founded in June 1976 as the Fellowship of Engineering with support from Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who became the first senior fellow and remained so until his death. The Fellowship was incorporated and granted a royal charter on 17 May 1983 and became the Royal Academy of Engineering on 16 March 1992. It is governed according to the charter and associated statutes and regulations (as amended from time to time). In June 2024 His Majesty the King became Patron of the Academy.
Satellite Town, Lagos
Satellite Town, Lagos is a community and state housing estate located along the Lagos-Badagry Expressway in Amuwo-Odofin local government area of Lagos State. Its ZIP code is 102262. Satellite Town is a historic federal housing estate originally established in the 1960s. While it was once celebrated as a model of structured urban living, the neighborhood has faced significant challenges over the decades with deteriorating road infrastructure and seasonal flooding. Despite these issues, it remains a highly sought-after and fast-growing residential area due to its relatively affordable rent and its proximity to the Lagos-Badagry Expressway and Lagos Trade Fair Complex.

Lagos–Badagry Expressway
The Lagos–Badagry Expressway is the local name for the Nigerian section of the Trans–West African Coastal Highway.
The expressway connects Lagos, Nigeria with Dakar, Senegal.

Extensive reconstruction of the Lagos portion of the expressway began in 2010.
When those renovations are completed the Lagos portion of the expressway will be widened from four lanes to ten lanes for road vehicles and a new mass transit line will operate in the median.  Two of the expressway's lanes are intended to be exclusively used by the Lagos Bus Rapid Transit System.
Anna Bartels
Anna Katarina Bartels née Fernquist (9 December 1869 – 17 February 1950) was a Swedish operatic soprano. She made her debut at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1897 in the title role of Flotow's Martha. Engaged by the company for the next 20 years, she gained popularity as a soubrette and coloratura soprano, performing Swedish premieres: such as Musette in Puccini's La bohème and Woglinde in Wagner's Rheingold. She later turned also to mezzo-soprano roles. In 1923, she was awarded the Litteris et Artibus medal.

Litteris et Artibus
Litteris et Artibus is a Swedish royal medal established in 1853 by Charles XV of Sweden, who was then crown prince. It is awarded to people who have made important contributions to culture, especially music, dramatic art and literature.

The obverse side of the medal has the image of the current King while the reverse has the text "Litteris et Artibus" (Latin: Letters and Arts).
Johnny Raygun
Johnny Raygun is an action/adventure/sci-fi/comedy comic book published by JetPack Press, a small press publisher located in Rochester, New Hampshire. The title refers to the main protagonist, whose name is Johnny and is an agent of the elite "Raygun Agency." The comic's first publication was in 2003, and has largely been a quarterly publication.

The eponymous hero is actually named John Kurtzberg, a nod to famed comic book creator Jack Kirby. In Johnny's fictional universe, "Raygun" is a shortened vernacular term for "Raygun Agent", thus creating the title of the book.

The book pays homage to the style of classic science fiction stories such as Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers, and also Jonny Quest and Silver Age Marvel Comics. The book pokes fun at this subculture, although it does not focus exclusively on parody. There is a serious, serialized sci-fi adventure story running just below the book's jokes and pop culture references.

Jonny Quest
Jonny Quest is an American science fiction–adventure media franchise created by cartoonist and comic book artist Doug Wildey for Hanna-Barbera. It follows the character Jonny Quest, a young boy who joins his scientist father on various extraordinary adventures. The franchise started with a 1964–65 television series of the same name, and has come to include two sequel television series, two television films and three video games. It is currently owned by Warner Bros. after Hanna-Barbera was absorbed by Warner Bros. Animation and succeeded by Cartoon Network Studios.
Bigg Boss (Malayalam TV series) season 2
The second season of the Malayalam-language version of the Indian reality television series Bigg Boss premiered on 5 January 2020. It was produced by Endemol Shine India and broadcast on Asianet. Mohanlal returned as the host. The show follows 22 contestants, who are isolated from the outside world for 105 days (or 15 weeks) in a custom built house.
The house was situated at EVP Film City in Chennai, where 17 contestants entered on Day 1 and six joined later as wildcard entries. All housemates were public figures, such as film, television, music, radio, stage, and internet personalities, and models. The winner of the season received a flat worth ₹5 million (₹50 lakh) along with a trophy. The second season introduced an aftershow titled BB Cafe. On 20 March 2020, the show was stopped due to COVID-19.

Aftershow
An aftershow or after-show is a genre of television talk show whose topic is another television program. An aftershow is typically broadcast immediately after a new episode of its corresponding program, to help retain the audience, and to provide additional discussion and content related to the program (such as analysis and behind-the-scenes material). Aftershows may also include guest appearances by a show's staff or cast, and emphasize viewer contributions. A similar, earlier concept in sports broadcasting is the post-game show. The rewatch podcast is a related, less time-sensitive concept, often recorded after the series has ended and entered reruns or video on demand.
Bill Etheridge
William Milroy Etheridge (born 18 March 1970) is an English politician who was previously a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the West Midlands region. He was elected in 2014 as a UK Independence Party (UKIP) candidate, but left the party in October 2018. He briefly joined the Thurrock Independents before joining the Libertarian Party and serving as its deputy chairman. In 2019, he left the Libertarian Party and joined the Brexit Party, before rejoining UKIP in September 2020. He unsuccessfully stood for UKIP leader in 2016, and 2024.

Diane James
Diane Martine James (born 20 November 1959) is a British politician who was a  Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East England from 2014 to 2019. She was briefly leader-elect of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from September 2016 to October 2016, but resigned before formalising her leadership. At the time of her election to the European Parliament, James was  one of three UKIP MEPs for South East England, before joining the Brexit Party in 2019.

James was born in Bedford in 1959, and was a councillor on Waverley Borough Council from 2007 until 2015, when she lost the seat to the Conservative Party. She was elected to the European Parliament in 2014. Following the resignation of Nigel Farage, she was elected leader of UKIP in September 2016 as his successor. She resigned from the leadership of the party on 4 October 2016, 18 days after being elected. On 21 November 2016, James announced that she was leaving UKIP and would henceforth sit as an Independent.
Nancy Northcroft
Anna Holmes "Nancy" Northcroft OBE (23 March 1913 – 31 July 1980) was a New Zealand architect and town planner. She was only the fourth woman to qualify as an architect in New Zealand. Northcroft won a 12-month British Council Empire Scholarship for Women, and travelled to England in 1942 to study town planning. Following her return to New Zealand, in 1949 she took up a position as town planning officer at the Christchurch City Council. In 1954 she was appointed as the founding chief executive of the Christchurch Regional Planning Authority (CRPA).  In the later part of her career from 1963 to 1977, she worked in private practice for a Christchurch-based consultancy. She was awarded a Fellowship of the New Zealand Institute of Architects in 1966 and is the first known woman to receive this honour. In 1978 she was recognised with the inaugural gold medal award from the New Zealand Planning Institute, and was also awarded an OBE for services to town planning.

Christchurch City Council
The Christchurch City Council (CCC) is the local government authority for Christchurch  in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority elected to represent the 419,200 people of Christchurch. The Mayor of Christchurch is Phil Mauger, who was elected in 2022 and 2025l. The council currently consists of 16  elected Councillors in sixteen wards, and is presided over by the mayor, who is elected at large. The number of elected members and ward boundaries changed prior to the 2016 election.
Econometrics of risk
The econometrics of risk is a specialized field within econometrics that focuses on the quantitative modeling and statistical analysis of risk in various economic and financial contexts. It integrates mathematical modeling, probability theory, and statistical inference to assess uncertainty, measure risk exposure, and predict potential financial losses. The discipline is widely applied in financial markets, insurance, macroeconomic policy, and corporate risk management.

Statistical inference
Statistical inference is the process of using data analysis to infer properties of an underlying probability distribution. Inferential statistical analysis infers properties of a population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates. It is assumed that the observed data set is sampled from a larger population.

Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties of the observed data, and it does not rest on the assumption that the data come from a larger population. In machine learning, the term inference is sometimes used instead to mean "make a prediction, by evaluating an already trained model"; in this context inferring properties of the model is referred to as training or learning (rather than inference), and using a model for prediction is referred to as inference (instead of prediction); see also predictive inference.
Mike van Arsdale
Mike van Arsdale (born June 20, 1965) is an American former professional mixed martial artist. A professional from 1998 until 2006, he competed for the UFC, International Vale Tudo Championship, and the World Fighting Alliance. He was the winner of the IVC 4 Heavyweight Tournament.

International Vale Tudo Championship
The International Vale Tudo Championship (IVC) was a Vale Tudo and mixed martial arts (MMA) fighting promotion based in Brazil starting in 1997. The IVC was a fundamentally important platform in the promotion of Brazilian MMA in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Mitsukazu Mihara
Mitsukazu Mihara (三原ミツカズ, Mihara Mitsukazu, born October 17, 1970, in Hiroshima) is a Japanese illustrator who helped to influence the Gothic Lolita look through her illustrations, particularly as the cover illustrator for the first eight volumes of the Gothic & Lolita Bible. In 1994, she won a contest in the Japanese manga magazine Feel Young with her debut "Keep Those Condoms Away From Our Kids" (ゴムのいらない子供たち, "Gomu no Iranai Kodomo-tachi"), later published by Shodensha in her short story collection IC in a Sunflower (集積回路のヒマワリ, Shūseki Kairo no Himawari).

She resides in Osaka, Japan.

Shodensha
Shodensha (Japanese: 株式会社祥伝社, Hepburn: Kabushiki kaisha Shōdensha) is a Japanese publisher of mostly non-fiction magazines and books, though it has recently begun publishing light novels and manga, including magazines which contain both. Shodensha publishes magazines such as Feel Young (a josei all-manga magazine), Zipper (a fashion magazine aimed at high school and college girls and women, known for including manga), and Nina's (a fashion and lifestyle magazine aimed at younger housewives).

Shodensha is a member of the keiretsu Hitotsubashi Group of publishing companies.
Polyhedral complex
In mathematics, a polyhedral complex is a set of polyhedra in a real vector space that fit together in a specific way.  Polyhedral complexes generalize simplicial complexes and arise in various areas of polyhedral geometry, such as tropical geometry, splines and hyperplane arrangements.

Simplicial complex
In mathematics, a simplicial complex is a structured set of simplices (for example, points, line segments, triangles, and their n-dimensional counterparts) such that all the faces and intersections of the elements are also included in the set (see illustration). Simplicial complexes should not be confused with the more abstract notion of a simplicial set appearing in modern simplicial homotopy theory. The purely combinatorial counterpart to a simplicial complex is an abstract simplicial complex. To distinguish a simplicial complex from an abstract simplicial complex, the former is often called a geometric simplicial complex.: 7
Pauline Lhote
Pauline Lhote is a French female winemaker based in Napa, California, known for sparkling wine. She is the current lead sparkling winemaker at Domaine Chandon.

Lhote grew up on a farm in Champagne and earned a degree at the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne in Reims.  Upon graduation, Lhote worked at Moët & Chandon and Nicolas Feuillate in France.  In those roles, she performed maturity controls, winemaking trials and cellar work. While at Moët & Chandon, she spent time creating red wines used in producing rosé sparkling wines, including Dom Perignon Rosé.

Lhote came to the United States for a three-month internship at Chandon in Napa, California and stayed on as a permanent employee. Lhote now leads the team that creates Chandon's sparkling wines.

Napa, California
Napa is the largest city in and the county seat of Napa County and a principal city of Wine Country in Northern California, United States. Located in the North Bay region of the Bay Area, the city had a population of 76,921 as of the July, 2024. Napa is a major tourist destination in California, known for its wineries, restaurants, and arts culture.
The World's Most Hardest MC Project
The World's Most Hardest MC Project, is the fifth studio album by D-Block member and New York rapper Styles P. It was released on November 20, 2012, by D-Block and E1 Music. The album was supported by two singles, "I Know" and "Araab Styles". Producers on the album included Jahlil Beats and AraabMuzik, among others, with features including Sheek Louch, Bucky, Large Amount, A.P. and Snyp.

AraabMuzik
Abraham Orellana (born June 16, 1989), better known by his stage name AraabMuzik (/ˈeɪræbˌmjuːzɪk/ AY-rab-mew-zik; stylized as araabMUZIK), is an American record producer. He made a name for himself by performing beats and instrumentals live and in real time on a AkaiPro Music Production Center (MPC) drum machine. He uses MPC to produce rapid, rhythmic drum patterns and creates melodies with samples and other sounds.

Araabmuzik's musical style includes electronic dance music and hip-hop, with live elements making a significant contribution to his sound. He has performed on the electronic dance music festival circuit and other live club performances. Over the years, Araabmuzik has continued to build his fame through releasing solo instrumental projects, and producing for hip hop artists such as 50 Cent, Cardi B, Jay Electronica, Dave East, Cam'ron, ASAP Rocky, Fabolous, Kollegah and Joe Budden.
Severance, Colorado
Severance is a home rule municipality in Weld County, Colorado, United States. Its population was 7,683 at the 2020 census., an increase of 142.75% from 2010, with a now estimated population of 11,500. The town is located on the Colorado Eastern Plains, northwest of Greeley. A post office in Severance has been in operation since 1894.

Bruce's Bar, a restaurant located within Severance, has become widely known for serving Rocky Mountain oysters. The town's motto is a reference to this dish.

Windsor, Colorado
Windsor is a home rule municipality in Larimer and Weld counties in the U.S. state of Colorado.  According to the 2020 census, the population of the town was 32,716.  Windsor is located in the Northern Colorado region.
Charles Morison
Charles Bruce Morison KC (1861 – 6 January 1920), known by his first name and referred to as C. B. Morison in contemporary sources, was a New Zealand barrister and politician. He stood in two elections around the turn of the century in the Otaki electorate and was later active with the Reform Party.

Reform Party (New Zealand)
The Reform Party, formally the New Zealand Political Reform League, was New Zealand's second major political party, having been founded as a conservative response to the original Liberal Party. It was in government between 1912 and 1928, and later formed a coalition with the United Party (a remnant of the Liberals), and then merged with United to form the modern National Party.
Jody Lafond
Jody Lafond (born 1956) is an American video artist and documentary filmmaker, and a co-founder of  the Squeaky Wheel Film & Media Art Center in Buffalo, NY. Lafond began producing work in the 1980s, and from 1990 to 1991 was the producer of Artwaves, a weekly public-access cable television program in Buffalo. Her works have been shown in Canada and the United States. Two career retrospectives of her video work have been held at Hallwalls Contemporary Arts Center, one in 1994 and one in 2001.

Hallwalls
Hallwalls Contemporary Arts Center (aka Hallwalls) is a non-profit art organization located in Buffalo, New York. Since 1974, Hallwalls has shown and shows the work of contemporary artists of diverse backgrounds who work in film, video, literature, music, performance, media and the visual arts. The ideology behind Hallwalls has always been: "Hallwalls provides direct access to developing ideas in Art for Western New York and Southern Ontario. This is accomplished through exhibitions, a visiting Artist/Critic program, and correspondence with other organizations involved with recent art in the United States, Canada and Europe.". “Hallwalls came into existence through a convergence of factors. Initiated by the ambitious friendship of (Charles) Clough and (Robert) Longo, fueled by new state funding to alternative spaces, and embraced by a hungry Buffalo arts community, it rapidly picked up speed and girth as it tumbled onto existence."
Stanislav Zhuk
Stanislav Alekseyevich Zhuk (Russian: Станислав Алексеевич Жук, listenⓘ; 25 January 1935 – 1 November 1998) was a pair skater who represented the Soviet Union. With his wife Nina, he won three silver medals at the European Figure Skating Championships and finished sixth at the 1960 Winter Olympics.

He later went on to a long career as a coach. Among the pairs he coached were Olympic gold medalists Irina Rodnina and Alexander Zaitsev and Ekaterina Gordeeva and Sergei Grinkov. Tatyana Zhuk was his younger sister.

Tatyana Zhuk
Tatyana Alekseyevna Zhuk (Russian: Татьяна Алексеевна Жук, January 1, 1946 - March 21, 2011) was a Soviet/Russian pair skater. With partner Aleksandr Gorelik, she was the 1968 Winter Olympics silver medalist. They were also the 1965 World bronze medalists and the 1966 and 1968 World silver medalists, as well as the 1965 European bronze and 1966 silver medalists.

Zhuk previously competed with Aleksandr Gavrilov, with whom she medaled at the 1963 and 1964 European Championships and the 1963 World Championships. They placed 5th at the 1964 Winter Olympics.

In 1969, Zhuk became pregnant. She and her husband Albert Shesternyov decided to keep the baby and retire from competitive skating.
Pseudicius flabellus
Pseudicius flabellus is  a species of jumping spider in the genus Pseudicius that is endemic to South Africa. The spider was first defined in 2013 by Wanda Wesołowska and Charles Haddad. It has a genus name that is derived from two Greek words meaning false and honest and a species name that is a Latin word for fan that recalls the shape of the male's palpal tibial apophysis. The spider is small, with a cephalothorax typically 2.0 mm (0.08 in) long and an abdomen typically 2.3 mm (0.09 in) long. It is generally brown in colour, with an indistinct lighter streak down the middle, and greyish-yellow legs. It is similar to the related Pseudicius dentatus, differing in the shape of its copulatory organs. The male has a distinctive fan-like tibial apophysis and an embolus that has a broad base and narrow tip.The female has not been described.

Opisthosoma
The opisthosoma is the posterior part of the body in some arthropods, behind the prosoma (cephalothorax). It is a distinctive feature of the subphylum Chelicerata (arachnids, horseshoe crabs and others). It is similar in most respects to an abdomen (and is often referred to as such).