hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pieter Verhoek
Pieter Verhoek (1633 in Bodegraven – 1702 in Amsterdam), was a Dutch Golden Age poet and marble painter.

According to Houbraken he was the brother of Gysbert Verhoek. He was the pupil of Jacob van der Ulft of Gorinchem who taught him to be a glass painter, and then he moved to Amsterdam and became a pupil of Abraham Hondius. He travelled to Italy and learned to make battle scenes in the manner of Jacques Courtois. Back in Amsterdam he became a member of the poet's society (Dutch: Dight-Schoole) of Jan Zoet, Nil volentibus arduum, and wrote a play Karel de Stoute that was first performed in the Amsterdam theatre in 1689. He wrote a poem in honor of Gerard de Lairesse and according to J.C. Weyerman he was good friends with the landscape painters Job and Gerrit Berckheyde.

According to the RKD he was the brother of Gysbert and the nephew of Johannes Verhoek (who translated R de Piles from French in Dutch).

Jacob van der Ulft
Jacob van der Ulft (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjaːkɔp fɑn dər ˈʏl(ə)ft]; 1621–1689) was a Dutch painter, glass painter, print artist, architect and mayor.  He was known for his architectural and city views, landscapes and topographical views.
Polada culture
The Polada culture (22nd to 16th centuries BCE) is the name for a culture of the ancient Bronze Age which spread primarily in the territory of modern-day Lombardy, Veneto and Trentino, characterized by settlements on pile-dwellings.

The name derives from the small Polada peat bog (Stagno della Polada) in Lombardy, between Lonato del Garda, Menasasso, and Desenzano del Garda. The first findings attributed to this culture were discovered in the years between 1870 and 1875 as a result of intense activities of reclamation in that bog, and were collected by Giovanni Rambotti.  The dating of carbon-14 on the finds place them between c. 1380 BCE and c. 1270 BCE. Other major sites are found in the area between Mantua, the Lake Garda and the Lake of Pusiano.

It was succeeded in the Middle Bronze Age by the facies of the pile dwellings and of the dammed settlements and the Terramare culture.

Lake Garda
Lake Garda (Italian: Lago di Garda, Italian: [ˈlaːɡo di ˈɡarda], or (Lago) Benaco, Italian: [beˈnaːko]; Eastern Lombard: Lach de Garda; Venetian: Ƚago de Garda) is the largest lake in Italy. It is a popular holiday location in northern Italy, between Brescia and Milan to the west, and Verona and Venice to the east.  The lake cuts into the edge of the Italian Alps, particularly the Alpine sub-ranges of the Garda Mountains and the Brenta Group. Glaciers formed this alpine region at the end of the last ice age. The lake and its shoreline are divided between the provinces of Brescia (to the south-west), Verona (south-east) and Trentino (north).
Retrochalcone
A retrochalcone is a chalcone-like compound in which the normally present hydroxy groups at the 2' and 6' positions are missing. The retrochalcone structure has a propenal bridge connected to two benzene rings at each end. The ring closest to the oxygen, is labelled with primed numbers, normally with a hydroxy group at the 4' position. This is the A ring. The ring closest to the double bond is numbered with simple digits starting from 1 at the bridge connection. This is the B ring. There is usually a hydroxy group at the 4 position. The retrochalcones are found naturally where they are derivatives of flavones.
Retrochalcones can be classed as minor flavonoids.

One example derivative is echinatin. It has systematic name (E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenol)-3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenol)-2-propen-1-one, or derived name 2′,4′-dihydroxy-4-methoxychalcone and was found in Glycyrrhiza echinata.

Chalcone
Chalcone is the organic compound C6H5C(O)CH=CHC6H5. It is an α,β-unsaturated ketone. A variety of important biological compounds are known collectively as chalcones or chalconoids. They are widely known bioactive substances, fluorescent materials, and chemical intermediates.
Zero Point Frontiers Corporation
Zero Point Frontiers Corporation (ZPFC) is a private aerospace firm based in Huntsville, Alabama.
They, along with several other companies such as SpaceX, Blue Origin and Firefly Space Systems are proponents of NewSpace: a movement in the aerospace industry whose objective is to increase access to space through innovative technical advances resulting in a reduction of launch cost, and the lessening of regulations and logistical restrictions associated with dependence on national space institutions.

Firefly Aerospace
Firefly Aerospace, Inc. (Firefly) is an American aerospace firm based in Cedar Park, Texas. Firefly develops small- and medium-lift launch vehicles for commercial launches to orbit. Firefly's stated purpose is to increase access to space, similar to other private spaceflight companies.

The company was formed when the assets of the former company Firefly Space Systems were acquired by EOS Launcher in March 2017, which was then renamed Firefly Aerospace.
Sitcoms in the United States
Situation comedies, or sitcoms, have long been a popular genre of comedy in the US, initially on radio in the 1920s, and then on television beginning in the 1940s. A sitcom is defined as a television series featuring a recurring cast of characters in various successive comedic situations.

The first sitcom was the radio show Sam 'n' Henry, which had evolved into Amos 'n' Andy by 1928. Mary Kay and Johnny, the first American TV sitcom, premiered in 1947, and by the 1950s, I Love Lucy was leading TV viewership. Since that time, sitcoms such as The Beverly Hillbillies, Bewitched, All in the Family, Cheers, The Cosby Show, Seinfeld, and Friends have each been the highest annual rated TV series in the US for at least one season.

Sam 'n' Henry
Sam 'n' Henry was a radio series performed by Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll that aired on Chicago radio station WGN from 1926 through 1928. The ten-minute program is often considered the first situation comedy. Gosden and Correll reworked the premise on a more ambitious scale to create their long-running radio show Amos 'n' Andy.
Fatima Beyina-Moussa
Fatima Beyina-Moussa, born March 31, 1973, in Senegal, is a business leader and a prominent political figure deeply involved in the education sector. She is the chairwoman of the African Foundation for Education (FAE) and was elected to the Brazzaville City Council in July 2022.

Since the establishment of ECAir in 2011, she has been leading the flag carrier of the Republic of the Congo. In late 2014, she became the first woman elected by her peers, airline executives, as President of the African Airlines Association (AFRAA).

An economist with a background in the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), a financial auditor at Ernst & Young, and a senior executive at the Bank of Central African States (BEAC), she is passionate about Africa's future.

Equatorial Congo Airlines
Equatorial Congo Airlines SA, operating as ECAir, is an airline headquartered in Brazzaville; and is the flag carrier of the Republic of the Congo. The airline suspended all operations on 10 October 2016. however it restarted operations in late March 2024.
Tan Xue
Tan Xue (simplified Chinese: 谭雪; traditional Chinese: 譚雪; pinyin: Tán Xuě; born January 30, 1984, in Tianjin) is a female Chinese fencer who won silver medals in the Sabre Individual at the 2004 Summer Olympics and in the Team Sabre at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

She became world champion in 2002, defeating the former double world champion Yelena Jemayeva in the final, and won silver medals in both Individual and Team Sabre at the 2003 World Championship. She won the Fencing World Cup in the 2001–02 and the 2006–07 seasons.

She married fencer Wang Jingzhi in 2009.

Yelena Jemayeva
Yelena Jemayeva (Russian: Елена Жемаева, also spelled Elena, born 30 March 1971) is a Russian-born Azerbaijani former sabre fencer. She holds a twice world champion (1999, 2000) and European champion (1999).

She competed in the individual sabre event at the 2004 Summer Olympics but was upset in the quarterfinals by eventual gold medalist Mariel Zagunis of the USA.

Jemayeva lives in Moscow. She is married to the Olympic and world team champion fencer Ilgar Mammadov, Yelena and Ilgar have two daughters: Milena and Ayla.
Penrhos, Gwynedd
Penrhos is a village and former civil parish in the Welsh county of Gwynedd, located on the Llŷn Peninsula. The parish was abolished in 1934, and incorporated into Llannor.

It was the home of former MP Goronwy Roberts. Penyberth lies within its confines.

Llannor
Llannor (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɬanɔr]) is a village, parish and community located on the Llŷn Peninsula (Welsh: Penrhyn Llŷn) in the Welsh county of Gwynedd. Historically in Caernarfonshire, it lies 1.7 miles (2.8 km) north of Pwllheli and 18.0 miles (29.0 km) south west of Caernarfon. The community includes the villages of Y Ffor, Abererch, Efailnewydd, Llwyndyrys and Rhos-fawr, and had a population of 2,244 in 2010, reducing slightly to 2,145 at the 2011 Census.

The medieval church of the Holy Cross was rebuilt by Henry Kennedy in 1855. Later alterations were made by Harold Hughes in 1905.

It is a grade II* listed building.
Italy–United Kingdom relations
The bilateral relations between the Italian Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are warm and exceptionally strong. Both nations are members of the United Nations, NATO, Council of Europe, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, G7 and G20 major economies, World Trade Organization, among others.

The Italian ambassador to the United Kingdom is Inigo Lambertini since 6 October 2022, and the British ambassador to Italy is Edward Llewellyn since February 2022.

Holy See–United Kingdom relations
Holy See–United Kingdom relations are foreign relations between the Holy See and the United Kingdom.

The Holy See maintains an Apostolic nunciature in London, and the United Kingdom has an Embassy in the Vatican City. The current Nuncio in London is Miguel Maury Buendía, and the British Ambassador is Chris Trott.
West Virginia Route 104
West Virginia Route 104 is an east–west state highway located in the Princeton, West Virginia area. The western terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 20 west of downtown. The eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 460 on the eastern outskirts of Princeton a half-mile west of the West Virginia Turnpike. The portion along Oakvale Road, east of the intersection with WV 20, is a former alignment of US 460 before Corridor Q was built.

West Virginia Route 20
West Virginia Route 20 is a major north–south state highway in the U.S. state of West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 52 in Bluewell, a small unincorporated suburb of Bluefield. The northern terminus is at West Virginia Route 7 three miles (5 km) east of New Martinsville. WV Route 20 is the longest state route in West Virginia.
Special Operations Center "South" (Ukraine)
The Special Operations Center "South" (formerly the 73rd Naval Special Operations Center "Chieftain Antin Holovaty") (MUN А3199) is the naval spetsnaz component of the Ukrainian Special Operations Forces (SSO) that specialized in amphibious reconnaissance to prepare for amphibious warfare operations, clandestine operation, defense against swimmer incursions, direct action against important strategic or tactical goals, irregular warfare, maritime counterterrorism and hostage rescue, naval special warfare, and underwater demolition. It joined the Ukrainian Navy on 1992 and became a part of SSO in 2016, becoming the sole Ukrainian Navy component of SSO. It is headquartered at Ochakiv.

Antin Holovaty
Antin Holovaty (Ukrainian: Антiн Андрійович Головатий) or Anton Golovaty (Russian: Антон Андреевич Головатый); between 1732 and 1744 – 28 January 1797 was a prominent Zaporozhian Cossack leader who after the Zaporozhian Sich's destruction was a key figure in the formation of the Black Sea Cossack Host and their later resettlement to the Kuban Region of Russia.
Cavern (song)
"Cavern" is a 1992 song by the American band Phish. It is the third track from their 1992 album A Picture of Nectar and was also released as their second promotional single by Elektra Records. The song is a beat-driven funk rock song written by Phish guitarist and lead vocalist Trey Anastasio and lyricist Scott Herman and Tom Marshall.

“Cavern” has been a rock in Phish’s rotation since early 1990. While most fans have become accustomed to the song as a set-closer or encore, initially it was much more versatile, appearing just about everywhere in the setlist. It was only beginning in 1992 that the band began utilizing it in its current role. In fact, beginning in fall 1992, well over half of the performances of “Cavern” have come either at the close of a set or during an encore. And no wonder: the song’s straight-up rock feel and fist-pumping climax make it a fitting exclamation point on the end of an evening of more excursionary jamming.

Tom Marshall (singer)
Tom Marshall is an American lyricist, keyboardist, and singer-songwriter best known for his association with Trey Anastasio and the rock band Phish. He has been the primary external lyricist for Phish during their career (1983–2000, 2002–2004, 2009–present), with songwriting credits for more than 95 originals. In addition to his songwriting work, Marshall also fronted the rock band Amfibian and hosts the Phish podcast Under the Scales. Marshall is the co-founder of Osiris, a podcast network in partnership with Jambase.
Computational lexicology
Computational lexicology is a branch of computational linguistics, which is concerned with the use of computers in the study of lexicon. It has been more narrowly described by some scholars (Amsler, 1980) as the use of computers in the study of machine-readable dictionaries. It is distinguished from computational lexicography, which more properly would be the use of computers in the construction of dictionaries, though some researchers have used computational lexicography as synonymous.

Computational linguistics
Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the computational modelling of natural language, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions. In general, computational linguistics draws upon linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, mathematics, logic, philosophy, cognitive science, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, anthropology and neuroscience, among others. Computational linguistics is closely related to mathematical linguistics.
Grand Battery, Gibraltar
Grand Battery is an artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar.
To the west of the grand battery was a very formidable flank which was considered to have been a "great annoyance to the besiegers."

Known as the Muralla de San Bernando (English: St. Bernard's Wall) during Gibraltar's Spanish period, it was fully adapted to mount cannon facing the isthmus with the old Moorish archery towers being pulled down and replaced by bastions.

This battery forms part of a series of batteries built on the Moorish and Spanish lines that zigzagged up the hill of the Moorish Castle to the Tower of Homage on the Rock of Gibraltar. Seven of these batteries were formed along the city's walls.

Moorish Castle
The Moorish Castle is the name given to a medieval fortification in Gibraltar comprising various buildings, gates, and fortified walls, with the dominant features being the Tower of Homage and the Gate House. Part of the castle itself also housed the prison of Gibraltar until it was relocated in 2010. The Tower of Homage is clearly visible to all visitors to Gibraltar; not only because of its striking construction, but also because of its dominant and strategic position. Although sometimes compared to the nearby alcazars in Spain, the Moorish Castle in Gibraltar was constructed by the Marinid dynasty, making it unique in the Iberian Peninsula.
Agra famine of 1837–1838
The Agra famine of 1837–1838 was a famine in the newly established North-Western Provinces (formerly Ceded and Conquered Provinces) of Company-ruled India that affected an area of 25,000 square miles (65,000 km2) and a population of 8 million people.  The central Doab in present-day Uttar Pradesh—the region of the districts of Kanpur, Etawah, Mainpuri, Agra and Kalpi—was the hardest hit; the trans-Jumna districts of Jalaun, Hamirpur, and Banda also suffered extreme distress.

By the end of 1838, approximately 800,000 people had died of starvation, as had an even larger number of livestock.  The famine came to be known in folk memory as chauranvee, (Hindi, literally, "of ninety four,") for the year 1894 in the Samvat calendar corresponding to the year 1838 CE.

Ceded and Conquered Provinces
The Ceded and Conquered Provinces constituted a region in northern India that was ruled by the British East India Company from 1805 to 1834; it corresponded approximately—in present-day India—to all regions in Uttar Pradesh state with the exception of the Lucknow and Faizabad divisions of Awadh; in addition, it included the Delhi territory and, after 1816, the Kumaun division and a large part of the Garhwal division of present-day Uttarakhand state. In 1836, the region became the North-Western Provinces (under a Lieutenant-Governor), and in 1904, the Agra Province within the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh.
2-Methoxyestriol
2-Methoxyestriol (2-MeO-E3) is an endogenous estrogen metabolite. It is specifically a metabolite of estriol and 2-hydroxyestriol. It has negligible affinity for the estrogen receptors and no estrogenic activity. However, 2-methoxyestriol does have some non-estrogen receptor-mediated cholesterol-lowering effects.

Estriol
Estriol (E3), also spelled oestriol, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone. It is one of three major endogenous estrogens, the others being estradiol and estrone. Levels of estriol in women who are not pregnant are almost undetectable. However, during pregnancy, estriol is synthesized in very high quantities by the placenta and is the most produced estrogen in the body by far, although circulating levels of estriol are similar to those of other estrogens due to a relatively high rate of metabolism and excretion. Relative to estradiol, both estriol and estrone have far weaker activity as estrogens.

In addition to its role as a natural hormone, estriol is used as a medication, for instance in menopausal hormone therapy; for information on estriol as a medication, see the estriol (medication) article.
Fogel Field
Fogel Field was a baseball park located in Hot Springs, Arkansas, utilized for spring training games and baseball camps between 1912 and 1952. The site was also known as Fordyce Field and Holder Field. Fogel Field was built in 1912 as a spring training site for Major League Baseball teams. The field was named for Horace Fogel, President of the Philadelphia Phillies. Fogel Field hosted the Phillies (1912) and the Pittsburgh Pirates (1921–1923, 1926). The Kansas City Monarchs (1928), Homestead Grays (1930–1931) and Pittsburgh Crawfords (1932–1935) of Negro league baseball also used Fogel Field as their spring training site.

Several minor league baseball teams from the American Association used Fogel Field as well: Indianapolis Indians (1926–1927), Milwaukee Brewers (1927–1931) and St. Paul Saints (1934–1935). The Montreal Royals of the International League (1932) trained at Fogel Field.

Kansas City Monarchs
The Kansas City Monarchs were the longest-running franchise in the history of baseball's Negro leagues. Operating in Kansas City, Missouri, and owned by J. L. Wilkinson, they were charter members of the Negro National League from 1920 to 1930. Wilkinson was the first white owner at the time of the establishment of the team. In 1930, the Monarchs became the first professional baseball team to use a portable lighting system which was transported from game to game in trucks to play games at night, five years before any Major League Baseball team did. The Monarchs won ten league championships before integration, and triumphed in the first Negro World Series in 1924. The Monarchs had only one season in which they did not have a winning record and produced more major league players than any other Negro league franchise. After relocating to Grand Rapids, Michigan, the team was disbanded in 1965.
Lambdavacuum solution
In general relativity, a lambdavacuum solution is an exact solution to the Einstein field equation in which the only term in the stress–energy tensor is a cosmological constant term.  This can be interpreted physically as a kind of classical approximation to a nonzero vacuum energy. These are discussed here as distinct from the vacuum solutions in which the cosmological constant is vanishing.

Terminological note: this article concerns a standard concept, but there is apparently no standard term to denote this concept, so we have attempted to supply one for the benefit of Wikipedia.

Vacuum energy
Vacuum energy is an underlying background energy that exists in space throughout the entire universe. The vacuum energy is a special case of zero-point energy that relates to the quantum vacuum.

The effects of vacuum energy can be experimentally observed in various phenomena such as spontaneous emission, the Casimir effect, and the Lamb shift, and are thought to influence the behavior of the Universe on cosmological scales. Using the upper limit of the cosmological constant, the vacuum energy of free space has been estimated to be 10−9 joules (10−2 ergs), or ~5 GeV per cubic meter. However, in quantum electrodynamics, consistency with the principle of Lorentz covariance and with the magnitude of the Planck constant suggests a much larger value of 10113 joules per cubic meter. This huge discrepancy is known as the cosmological constant problem or, colloquially, the "vacuum catastrophe".
Brad Rusin
Bradford Evan Rusin (born September 5, 1986) is an American retired professional soccer player. He appeared for Bradenton Academics, Ventura County Fusion, and San Fernando Valley Quakes at the semi-professional level, and for Carolina RailHawks, HB Køge, Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Orlando City, Tampa Bay Rowdies, San Antonio Scorpions, Miami FC, and Indy Eleven at the professional level.

HB Køge
HB Køge (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰøː(j)ə]) is a professional Danish football club based primarily in the town of Køge and secondly in the town of Herfølge, both in the Køge Municipality, part of 'Region of Zealand', in the eastern part of Zealand, south of Copenhagen. It was created through the merger of Herfølge and Køge Boldklub in 2009.
Ilija Vakić
Ilija Vakić (Serbian Cyrillic: Илија Вакић; 30 July 1932 – 21 November 2023) was a Yugoslav politician who served as Chairman of the Executive Council of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from May 1967 to May 1974 and was succeeded in office by Bogoljub Nedeljković. He was a member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY), and represented the League of Communists of Kosovo in the Central Committee of the 12th Congress from 1982 until the convocation of the 13th Congress in 1986. Later on, from 1986 to 1988, Vakić served in the Federal Executive Council, the government, as President of the Federal Committee for Veterans' and Disabled Veterans' Affairs.

He died on 21 November 2023 at the age of 91.

Bogoljub Nedeljković
Bogoljub Nedeljković (Serbian Cyrillic: Богољуб Недељковић; Albanian: Bogolub Nedelkoviq, 3 September 1920 – 22 April 1986) served as Chairman of the Executive Council of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo within the former Yugoslavia from May 1974 to May 1978.  He was succeeded in office by Bahri Oruçi.