hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concord Art Association
Concord Art Association is a membership-based arts center in Concord, Massachusetts that conducts exhibits, lectures, classes, and tours. It was founded in 1917 by Elizabeth Wentworth Roberts and moved into its permanent location, the former John Ball House, in 1923. It has exhibited works of noted artists, such as Claude Monet, Mary Cassatt, John Singer Sargent, and Cecilia Beaux. Its current artist members work in a wide range of media.

Mary Cassatt
Mary Stevenson Cassatt (/kəˈsæt/; May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. She was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now part of Pittsburgh's North Side), but lived much of her adult life in France, where she befriended Edgar Degas and exhibited with the Impressionists. Cassatt often created images of the social and private lives of women, with particular emphasis on the intimate bonds between mothers and children.

She was described by Gustave Geffroy as one of "les trois grandes dames" (the three great ladies) of Impressionism alongside Marie Bracquemond and Berthe Morisot. In 1879,  Diego Martelli compared her to Degas, as they both sought to depict movement, light, and design in the most modern sense. She also played an important role in introducing Impressionism to American collectors, notably through her friendship with the Havemeyer family.
Commelinids
In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid. Well-known commelinids include palms and relatives (order Arecales), dayflowers, spiderworts, kangaroo paws, and water hyacinth (order Commelinales), grasses, bromeliads, pineapples, rushes, and sedges (order Poales), ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal, bananas, plantains, and bird of paradise flower (order Zingiberales).

The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots.  The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.

Ferulic acid
Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and a phenolic compound. It is an organic compound with the formula (CH3O)HOC6H3CH=CHCO2H.  The name is derived from the genus Ferula, referring to the giant fennel (Ferula communis). Classified as a phenolic phytochemical, ferulic acid is an amber colored solid.  Esters of ferulic acid are found in plant cell walls, covalently bonded to hemicellulose such as arabinoxylans.  Salts and esters derived from ferulic acid are called ferulates.
2013 World Men's Curling Championship
The 2013 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the Ford World Men's Curling Championship 2013 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 30 to April 7, 2013 at the Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. This marked the twenty-first time that Canada hosted the World Men's Championship, the fifth time that the province of British Columbia hosted the World Men's Championship, and the second time that Victoria hosted the World Men's Championship. Victoria previously hosted the championships in 2005. The event was also a qualifying event for the 2014 Winter Olympics, awarding points to countries based on performance at this tournament.

2005 World Men's Curling Championship
The 2005 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as 2005 Ford World Men's Curling Championship for sponsorship reasons) was held from April 2–10, 2005 at the new Save-on-Foods Memorial Centre in Victoria, British Columbia. The tournament was the first since the 1988 event that was held separately from the 2005 World Women's Curling Championship (held in Paisley, Scotland in March 2005). The winner was Randy Ferbey and his team from Canada. Ferbey won his fourth world championship, the rest of his team won their third. As a country, it was Canada's 29th World Championship. Scotland won silver, and Germany bronze.

For the first time ever, the World championships used the page playoff system where the top four teams with the best records at the end of round-robin play meet in the playoff rounds.
Bernard Chen
Bernard Chen Tien Lap BBM (20 September 1942 – 8 April 2015) was a Singaporean politician and business executive who served as Minister of State for Defence from 1977 to 1981, and a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1977 to 2001. He was a member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP).

Prior to entering politics, Chen worked in the Economic Development Board and the Ministry of Finance. He was also chairman of NTUC Income from 1978 to 1990.

A Catholic, Chen was married and had three children. He died of cancer in 2015.

Economic Development Board
The Economic Development Board (EDB) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry of the government of Singapore that plans and executes strategies aimed to sustain Singapore as a leading global hub for business and investment.
In Search of Adventure
In Search of Adventure is an abridged compilation adventure module published by TSR, Inc. in 1987, for the Basic Set of the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. Its product designation was TSR 9190. This 160-page book features cover artwork by Keith Parkinson.

Keith Parkinson
Keith A. Parkinson (October 22, 1958 – October 26, 2005) was an American fantasy artist and illustrator known for book covers and artwork for games such as EverQuest, Guardians, Magic: The Gathering, and Vanguard: Saga of Heroes. After designing book and magazine covers for TSR, Parkinson moved into game design in the 1990s, and co-designed the collectible card game Guardians. Parkinson died of leukemia on October 26, 2005.
Franciscan Sisters of the Poor
The Franciscan Sisters of the Poor (Latin: Sorores Franciscanae Pauperorum, abbreviated to S.F.P.) are a religious congregation which was established in 1959 as an independent branch from the Congregation of the Poor Sisters of St. Francis, founded in Germany by Blessed Frances Schervier in 1845.

In 1959, the American province of the Congregation separated from the German Motherhouse to become an independent Congregation under its current name. They have their headquarters in Brooklyn, New York.

Religious congregation
A religious congregation is a type of religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – in that members take simple vows, whereas members of religious orders take solemn vows.
Psychometric function
A psychometric function is an inferential psychometric model applied in detection and discrimination tasks. It models the relationship between a given feature of a physical stimulus, e.g. velocity, duration, brightness, weight etc., and forced-choice responses of a human or animal test subject. The psychometric function therefore is a specific application of the generalized linear model (GLM) to psychophysical data. The probability of response is related to a linear combination of predictors by means of a sigmoid link function (e.g. probit, logit, etc.).

Generalized linear model
In statistics, a generalized linear model (GLM) is a flexible generalization of ordinary linear regression. The GLM generalizes linear regression by allowing the linear model to be related to the response variable via a link function and by allowing the magnitude of the variance of each measurement to be a function of its predicted value.

Generalized linear models were formulated by John Nelder and Robert Wedderburn as a way of unifying various other statistical models, including linear regression, logistic regression and Poisson regression. They proposed an iteratively reweighted least squares method for maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the model parameters. MLE remains popular and is the default method on many statistical computing packages. Other approaches, including Bayesian regression and least squares fitting to variance stabilized responses, have been developed.
Perth International Jazz Festival
The Perth International Jazz Festival (PIJF) is an annual jazz festival event held over three days in early November. This jazz festival incorporates both ticketed and free community events. Its location over the festival weekend spans across the CBD of Perth, the cultural precinct area of Northbridge, through to Hyde Park in the City of Vincent.

City of Vincent
The City of Vincent is a local government area of Western Australia. It covers an area of approximately 10.4 square kilometres (4.0 sq mi) in metropolitan Perth, the capital of Western Australia, and lies about 3 km from the Perth CBD. The City of Vincent maintains 139 km of roads and 104 ha of parks and gardens. It had a population of over 33,000 at the 2016 Census.
Shah Abdul Wahhab (born 1894)
Shah Abdul Wahhab (Bengali: শাহ আব্দুল ওয়াহহাব, romanized: śāh ābdul ōẏāhahāb; 1894 – 2 June 1982) was a Bangladeshi Deobandi Islamic scholar, educator, jurist, and spiritual leader. He served as the second rector of Darul Uloom Hathazari, primarily participating in administrative and educational activities. He was a vice president of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, and sat on the Chittagong Court jury for 23 years. He graduated from Darul Uloom Deoband and Mazahir Uloom, and was one of the disciples of Ashraf Ali Thanwi.

Wahhab established several madrasas and mosques in Bangladesh. He participated in the Bishwa Ijtema and was associated with the Tablighi Jamaat movement in Bangladesh and Myanmar. He was also involved with the educational board Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh, the Baitul Mukarram National Mosque, and the Islamic University, Bangladesh.

Habibullah Qurayshi
Ḥabībullāh Qurayshī (Bengali: হাবিবুল্লাহ কুরাইশি; 1865 – 1943) was a Bengali Islamic scholar and educationist of the Deobandi movement. He was the founding director-general of Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam.
The Sinful Border
The Sinful Border (German: Sündige Grenze) is a 1951 West German crime film directed by Robert A. Stemmle and starring Dieter Borsche, Inge Egger and Peter Mosbacher. Jan Hendriks won the German Film Award as Best Newcomer. It focuses on the smuggling of coffee, at the time an expensive luxury, into Germany. It is also known by the alternative title of Illegal Border.

It was shot at the Spandau Studios in Berlin and on location in the Harz Mountains. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Mathias Matthies and Ellen Schmidt.

Inge Egger
Inge Egger (27 August 1923 – 5 September 1976) was an Austrian stage, television and film actress. She played the female lead in the 1953 operetta film The Rose of Stamboul.

From 1960 to 1973 Inge Egger worked as a medical-technical assistant at the Berlin Federal Health Office. In 1976 she died of cancer in Berlin.
Shakhty Trial
The Shakhty Trial (Russian: Ша́хтинское де́ло) was the first important Soviet show trial since the case of the Socialist Revolutionary Party in 1922. Fifty-three engineers and managers from the North Caucasus town of Shakhty were arrested in 1928 after being accused of conspiring to sabotage the Soviet economy with the former owners of the coal mines. The trial was conducted on May 18, 1928, in House of Trade Unions, Moscow. Thirty-four of the accused received prison terms, while eleven were sentenced to death (with six being executed; the rest received commutations). The remainder were acquitted or received suspended sentences.

Trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries
The Trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries was an internationally publicized political trial in Soviet Russia, which brought twelve prominent members of the anti-Bolshevik Party of Socialist Revolutionaries (PSR) before the bar. The trial, which took place in Moscow from June 8 to August 7, 1922, was ordered by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin.

The Bolshevik Central Committee had confirmed the verdict for the SR defendants to be executed but only on the condition they refused to abandon armed struggles in relation to "conspiratorial, terrorist, and espionage activities".
Owing in great measure to international pressure, the death sentences rendered in the trial were subsequently commuted, although none of the defendants would ultimately survive the Great Terror under Stalin during the late 1930s.
Kadmat Island
Kadmat Island, also known as Cardamom Island, is a coral island belonging to the Amindivi subgroup of islands of the Lakshadweep archipelago in India. Measuring 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) in length, the island has a lagoon with a width of 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) covering an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi). The ecological feature of the island is the coral reef with seagrass, and marine turtles which nestle here. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (India) has notified the island as a marine protected area for ensuring conservation of the island's animal, plant, or other organisms and resources.

The only inhabited village on the island is Kadmat, which had a population of 5,389 according to 2011 census. Fisheries is the main economic activity on the island with agriculture limited to 5% of the land area. Tourism is allowed even for non-Indians and the attractions are kayaking, snorkeling and leisure trips by a glass-bottomed boat for scuba diving.

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is an Indian government ministry. The ministry portfolio is currently held by Bhupender Yadav.

The ministry is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programmes in the country. The main activities undertaken by the ministry include conservation and survey of the flora of India and fauna of India, forests and other wilderness areas; prevention and control of pollution; Indian Himalayan Environment and its sustainable development; afforestation, and land degradation mitigation. It is responsible for the administration of the national parks of India.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Forest Service (IFS), one of the three All India Services.
2010 MTN 8
The 2010 MTN 8 was the 36th edition of this annual knock out tournament. The tournament was won by Orlando Pirates, who beat Moroka Swallows on penalties in the final. The trophy was Orlando Pirates' first major cup win in ten years. It was contested by the eight top teams from the Premier Soccer League table at the end of the 2009–10 season. The tournament began on 20 August 2009, and ended on 2 October 2010. The quarter finals were played as single matches, while the semi-finals are played over two legs. The final was played at the neutral Moses Mabhida Stadium.

Moroka Swallows F.C.
Moroka Swallows Football Club (often referred to as Swallows or The Birds) was a South African professional football club based in Soweto, Johannesburg, in the Gauteng province.

Founded in 1947, Swallows were one of the original two Soweto clubs, together with Orlando Pirates, thus contesting what is known as the Original Soweto Derby.

Until relegation in the 2014–15 season, the club had played every season of the Premiership.

Swallows won the 2019–20 National First Division and competed in the 2020–21 South African Premiership, finishing 6th in what was the club's first season back in top-flight football league system and qualified for 2021 MTN 8 competition. Swallows played its home matches at the Dobsonville Stadium.
1977 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships
The 1977 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor green clay courts (Har-Tru) at the Longwood Cricket Club in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts in the United States. The event was categorized as a 4 Star tournament and was part of the 1977 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 50th edition of the tournament and was held from August 22 through August 30, 1977. Third-seeded Manuel Orantes won the singles title and the accompanying $32,000 first-prize money as well as 125 Grand Prix ranking points. First-seeded Jimmy Connors withdrew after the quarterfinals due to a back injury.

Manuel Orantes
Manuel Orantes Corral (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel oˈɾantes koˈral]; born 6 February 1949) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. He won 36 career singles titles, including the 1975 US Open, defeating defending champion Jimmy Connors in the final. Orantes reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 2.
LGBTQ culture in Japan
LGBTQ culture in Japan has recently begun to distinguish. The Japanese adopted the English term gender (ジェンダー, jendā) to describe cultural concepts of feminine and masculine. Previously, sei was used to distinguish the binary biological sexes, female and male, as well as the concept of gender. Ai Haruna and Ayana Tsubaki, two high-profile transgender celebrities, have gained popularity and have been making the rounds on some very popular Japanese variety shows. As of April 2011, Hiromi, a fashion model, came out as a lesbian. There is a genre of anime and manga that focuses on gay male romance (and sometimes explicit content) known as yaoi as well as its female-oriented counterpart  yuri.

Hiromi (model)
Hiromi Shinhata (新畑 博美, Shinhata Hiromi; born March 21, 1990 in the Philippines), better known simply as Hiromi, is a Japanese fashion model who has been active in the professional and commercial modeling fields since the late 2000s. Formerly a popular model for the Egg magazine, she is known for her androgynous looks and is particularly known in the gal scene.
Kenyon Martin Jr.
Kenyon Lee "KJ" Martin Jr. (born January 6, 2001) is an American professional basketball player for the Ningbo Rockets of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). The son of former NBA player Kenyon Martin, he grew up in southern California and played basketball while attending Chaminade College Prep and Sierra Canyon before going to IMG Academy for his postgraduate year. He was selected by the Sacramento Kings in the second round of the 2020 NBA draft. In November 2020, the Kings traded Martin to the Houston Rockets, where he played for three seasons. During the 2023 off-season, he was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers. In November 2023, after just 2 games with the Clippers, he was traded to the Philadelphia 76ers; in February 2025 he was traded to the Detroit Pistons, who then immediately sent him to Utah.

Ningbo Rockets
The Ningbo Rockets (Chinese: 宁波火箭; pinyin: Níngbō Huǒjiàn), or Ningbo Fubang Rockets (Chinese: 宁波富邦火箭; pinyin: Níngbō Fùbāng Huǒjiàn), competing as Ningbo Yongxing Securities (Chinese: 宁波汀渥; pinyin: Níngbō Tīngwò), are a professional basketball team based in Ningbo, Zhejiang. They are currently competing in the Chinese Basketball Association. The team are derived from the dissolved Bayi Rockets.
Rutgers Scarlet Knights field hockey
The Rutgers Scarlet Knights field hockey team is the intercollegiate field hockey program representing Rutgers University – New Brunswick, the main campus of Rutgers University. The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), although it was previously a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10), the original Big East Conference, and the new Big East Conference. The Rutgers field hockey team plays its home games at the Bauer Track and Field/Field Hockey Complex on the university's Livingston Campus in Piscataway, New Jersey. Since the field hockey program was established in 1974, the Scarlet Knights have appeared in the NCAA tournament twice, placed runner-up in regular-season conference play three times, and finished second in a conference tournament twice. The team is currently coached by Meredith Civico.

Livingston Campus (Rutgers University)
Livingston Campus, originally named Kilmer Area by Rutgers University in 1965, and later known as Kilmer Campus, is one of the five sub-campuses of Rutgers University–New Brunswick. The campus was originally built to house Livingston College. The majority of its land is the Rutgers Ecological Preserve. Most of the campus is within the boundaries of Piscataway, but parts extend into Highland Park and Edison.
Marcelo Rubio Ruiz
Marcelo Rubio Ruiz (1932 – 6 January 1977) was a Mexican politician and teacher affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as a Senator for Baja California Sur in the L Legislature of the Mexican Congress from 1976 until his death in 1977.

L Legislature of the Mexican Congress
The L Legislature of the Congress of the Union met from 1976 to 1979. This 50th session of Congress consisted of senators and deputies who were members of their respective chambers. They began their duties on September 1, 1976, and ended on August 31, 1979.

The senators and deputies were elected to office in the 1976 Mexican general election. The senators were elected for a period of six years (so they maintained their seat in the next legislature), and the deputies were elected for a period of three years.
Liverpool Women's Hospital bombing
On 14 November 2021, a taxi carrying a passenger arrived at the main entrance of Liverpool Women's Hospital in Liverpool, England. An improvised explosive device (IED) carried by the passenger ignited, killing him and injuring the driver. The police later declared it to be a terrorist incident; the perpetrator had been refused asylum in 2014, lost appeals in 2015, and lived in England until his attack.

At the official inquest, on 30 December 2021, it was found that the device, manufactured and carried by the passenger, had been "designed to project shrapnel, with murderous intent".

Inquests in England and Wales
Inquests in England and Wales are held into sudden or unexplained deaths and also into the circumstances of and discovery of a certain class of valuable artefacts known as "treasure trove". In England and Wales, inquests are the responsibility of a coroner, who operates under the jurisdiction of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. In some circumstances where an inquest cannot view or hear all the evidence, it may be suspended and a public inquiry held with the consent of the Home Secretary.
Metropolitan Police F.C.
Metropolitan Police Football Club is a football club based in East Molesey, Surrey, England. Originally made up of players from the Metropolitan Police, the rule requiring players to be employees of the service was removed when the Commissioner refused to sanction time off for playing. However, the club is still part-funded by a police staff lottery. They are currently members of the Isthmian League South Central Division and play at Imber Court, the base of the Met Police Sports and Social Club.

Isthmian League
The Isthmian League (/ˈɪs(θ)miən/) is a regional football league covering Greater London, East and South East England, featuring mostly semi-professional clubs. Together with the Southern Football League and the Northern Premier League it forms levels seven and eight of the English football league system.

Founded in 1905 by amateur clubs in the London area, the league now consists of 88 teams in four divisions: the Premier Division above its three feeder divisions, the North, South Central and South East divisions.
Together with the Southern League and the Northern Premier League, it forms the seventh and eighth levels of the English football league system. It has various regional feeder leagues and the league as a whole is a feeder league mainly to the National League South.