hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stump speech (minstrelsy)
The stump speech was a comic monologue from blackface minstrelsy (which is an American entertainment consisting of comic skits, variety acts, dancing, and music, performed by white people in blackface). A typical stump speech consisted of malapropisms (the substitution of a word for a word with a similar sound), nonsense sentences, and puns delivered in a parodied version of Black Vernacular English. The stump speaker wore blackface makeup and moved about like a clown. Topics varied from pure nonsense to parodies of politics, science, and social issues, as well as satirical commentary on political and social issues. The stump speech was a precursor to modern stand-up comedy.

Nonsense
Nonsense is a form of communication, via speech, writing, or any other formal logic system, that lacks any coherent meaning. In ordinary usage, nonsense is sometimes synonymous with absurdity or the ridiculous. Many poets, novelists and songwriters have used nonsense in their works, often creating entire works using it for reasons ranging from pure comic amusement or satire, to illustrating a point about language or reasoning. In the philosophy of language and philosophy of science, nonsense is distinguished from sense or meaningfulness, and attempts have been made to come up with a coherent and consistent method of distinguishing sense from nonsense. It is also an important field of study in cryptography regarding separating a signal from noise.
St. Mary's (Ohio) football, 1910–1919
The St. Mary's (Ohio) football program from 1910 to 1919 represented St. Mary's College (later renamed the University of Dayton) in its second decade of intercollegiate football.  The team during those years was led by four head coaches: Orville Smith was the head coach in 1910 and compiled a 5–1 record; Roland Bevan was the head coach in 1911 and 1912, compiling a 7–5–1 record; Louis Clark was the head coach in 1913, 1917, and 1918 and compiled a 12–4–1 record; Alfred McCray was the head coach from 1914 to 1916 and compiled a 9–7 record; and Harry Solimano was the coach in 1919 and compiled a 2–2 record.

Louis Clark (American football coach)
Louis "Foose" Clark was an American football player and coach at both the college and professional levels. He played for St. Mary's College—now known as the University of Dayton— from the 1908 through 1911 seasons, before becoming their head coach. Clark was also the first head coach of the Dayton Triangles, an early professional football franchise that entered into the National Football League (NFL) after Clark's playing and coaching careers for the team were over.

At St. Mary's, Clark compiled an overall head coaching record of 12–4–1 in three seasons. Professionally, Clark coached the Triangles to an overall mark of 12–5, including back-to-back Ohio City championships in 1913 and 1914. Clark was also a player on the team during the 1915 and 1916 seasons.
In for a Penny
"In for a Penny" is a song by English rock band Slade, released in 1975 as the lead single from their sixth studio album, Nobody's Fools. The song was written by lead vocalist Noddy Holder and bassist Jim Lea, and was produced by Chas Chandler. It reached number 11 in the UK Singles Chart and remained in the top 50 for eight weeks.

Jim Lea (musician)
James Whild Lea (born 14 June 1949) is an English musician who played bass in Slade from their inception until 1992. As well as co-writing most of the group's songs, he occasionally played keyboards, piano, violin and guitar and sang backing vocals.
Carla Hayden
Carla Diane Hayden (born August 10, 1952) is an American librarian who served as the 14th librarian of Congress. Hayden was both the first African American and the first woman to hold this post. Appointed in 2016, she was the first professional librarian to hold the post since 1974. In May 2025, she was dismissed from the post by President Donald Trump. On July 7, 2025, she was appointed senior fellow at the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Hayden began her career at the Chicago Public Library, and earned a Ph.D. in library science from the University of Chicago. From 1993 until 2016, she was the CEO of the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore, Maryland, and president of the American Library Association (ALA) from 2003 to 2004. During her presidency, she was the leading voice of the ALA in speaking out against provisions of the newly passed United States Patriot Act, which impacted public information services.

In 2020, she was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, commonly known as the Mellon Foundation, is a New York City-based private foundation with wealth accumulated by Andrew Mellon of the Mellon family of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the product of the 1969 merger of the Avalon Foundation and the Old Dominion Foundation. These foundations had been set up separately by Ailsa Mellon Bruce and Paul Mellon, the children of Andrew Mellon.

The foundation is housed in New York City in the expanded former offices of the Bollingen Foundation, another educational philanthropy once supported by Paul Mellon. Poet and scholar Elizabeth Alexander is the foundation's current president. Her predecessors have included Earl Lewis, Don Randel, William G. Bowen, John Edward Sawyer and Nathan Pusey.

In 2004, the foundation was awarded the National Medal of Arts.
USS SC-34
USS SC-34, until July 1920 known as USS Submarine Chaser No. 34 or USS S.C. 34, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I.

SC-34 was a wooden-hulled 110-foot (34 m) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn, New York. She was commissioned on 9 January 1918 as USS Submarine Chaser No. 34, abbreviated at the time as USS S.C. 34.

During her service, SC-34 played a crucial role in patrolling the coastal waters of the United States and ensuring the safety of shipping lanes from enemy submarines. Her operational history is marked by several successful patrols and escort missions that contributed significantly to the naval strategy during the war.

When the U.S. Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920, Submarine Chaser No. 34 was classified as SC-34 and her name was shortened to USS SC-34.

On 24 June 1921, the Navy sold SC-34 to Joseph G. Hitner of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

SC-1-class submarine chaser
The SC-1 class was a large class of submarine chasers built during World War I for the United States Navy. They were ordered in very large numbers in order to combat attacks by German U-boats, with 442 boats built from 1917 to 1919.
Maksym Yemets
Maksym Yemets (Ukrainian: Максим Михайлович Ємець; call sign "Yenot"; 21 September 1994 – 4 February 2025) was a Ukrainian poet, soldier, Major of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and a participant in the Russian-Ukrainian war. He was a recipient of the Order for Courage, 3rd class (2022) and was awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine (2025, posthumously).

Order for Courage
The Order for Courage (Ukrainian: Орден «За мужність», romanized: Orden “Za muzhnist”) is a Ukrainian award established by Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma on August 21, 1996. The medal is designed by Ukrainian artist Mykola Lebid.
Tornado outbreak of March 29–31, 2022
Between March 29–31, 2022, a line of strong to severe thunderstorms and multiple supercells swept through portions of the United States and brought widespread wind damage and several strong tornadoes across a large part of the Midwestern, Southern, and Eastern United States. An EF3 tornado was confirmed in Springdale, Arkansas, while an EF1 tornado passed close to downtown Jackson, Mississippi. Numerous tornadoes, some of which were strong occurred over Mississippi, Alabama the evening of March 30 and into the early morning of March 31. Multiple tornadoes also occurred in the Florida Panhandle, including an intense EF3 tornado that killed two people and injured three others near Alford, Florida, and in other states such as North Carolina and Pennsylvania. Producing a total of 90 tornadoes, this was the largest tornado outbreak of 2022.

Eastern United States
The Eastern United States, often abbreviated as simply the East, is a macroregion of the United States located to the east of the Mississippi River. It variably includes between 17 and 26 states and Washington, D.C., the national capital.

As of 2011, the Eastern United States had an estimated population exceeding 179 million, representing the majority (over 58 percent) of the total U.S. population.

The three most populous cities in the Eastern United States are New York City, Chicago, and Philadelphia.
Francis Eaton (Mayflower passenger)
Francis Eaton was born c. 1596 in Bristol, England, and died in the autumn of 1633 in Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony. He, with his wife and son, were passengers on the 1620 voyage of the Mayflower. His signature appears on the Mayflower Compact.

Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact, originally titled Agreement Between the Settlers of New Plymouth, was the first governing document of  Plymouth Colony. It was written by the men aboard the Mayflower, consisting of Separatist Puritans, adventurers, and tradesmen. Although the agreement contained a pledge of loyalty to the King, the Puritans and other Protestant Separatists were dissatisfied with the state of the Church of England, the limited extent of the English Reformation and reluctance of King James I of England to enforce further reform.

The Mayflower Compact was signed aboard ship on November 21 [O.S. November 11], 1620. Signing the covenant were 41 of the ship's 101 passengers; the Mayflower was anchored in Provincetown Harbor within the hook at the northern tip of Cape Cod.
Joe Pace (basketball)
Joseph Pace (born December 18, 1953) is an American former professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Washington Bullets and in Italy for Scavolini Pesaro.

Victoria Libertas Pallacanestro
Victoria Libertas (also known as "VL" or in Italian Vuelle), full name Unione Sportiva Victoria Libertas Pallacanestro, is a professional basketball team that is based in Pesaro, Italy. The club competes in the second level Italian professional basketball league, the Serie A2. It was commonly known across Europe as Scavolini Pesaro, from the name of its historical main sponsor Scavolini (from 1975 to 2014), an Italian kitchen and bathroom products designer and manufacturer, whose co-founder Valter Scavolini was formerly club president. For past club sponsorship names, see the list below.
Patrick Winkler
Patrick Winkler (born 2 April 1973) is a Swiss former professional footballer who played as a defender. He competed primarily in the Swiss Super League with FC St. Gallen and FC Wil 1900, and also spent a season at SR Delémont.

FC Wil
FC Wil (Fussball Club Wil 1900) is a football club based in Wil, Switzerland. They play in the Sportpark Bergholz, which has a total capacity of 6,048. The club has consistently played in the Swiss second tier since regaining promotion in 1992, aside from two seasons in the Nationalliga A between 2002 and 2004. They won the Swiss Cup in 2004 their only major honour.

The club considers its primary purpose to be a stepping stone for young players and work closely together with FC St. Gallen. It has contributed to the development of several players that currently play in the Super League, some of whom appeared in the Swiss national team, most notably Fabian Schär.
Golapi Ekhon Dhakay
Golapi Ekhon Dhakay is a 1994 Bangladeshi drama film written and directed by Amjad Hossain. It is sequel of 1978 film Golapi Ekhon Traine. It is second film of Amjad Hossain's Golapi series and the film was released 16 years after the first film. It stars Babita in the lead role as the title character alongside Ilias Kanchan, Champa, Anwara, Rawshan Jamil, Sadek Bachchu and others.

Anwara Begum
Anwara Begum (known as Anwara) is a Bangladeshi film actress. She has acted in more than 600 films as of 2015. She earned Bangladesh National Film Award for Lifetime Achievement (2020) from Bangladesh government. She won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress a record seven times for her roles in Golapi Ekhon Traine (1978), Sundori (1979), Sokhinar Juddho (1984), Moroner Pore (1990), Radha Krishna (1992), Banglar Badhu (1993) and Ontore Ontore (1994), and Best Actress award once for Shuvoda (1986).
Nadine Stanton
Nadine Marie Stanton (born 11 September 1975 in Hamilton, New Zealand) is a shooting competitor for New Zealand. At the 2002 Commonwealth Games she won a gold team medal in the  Double Trap (Pairs) event partnering Teresa Borrell, and a silver team medal in the Double Trap.

She competed at the 2002 Commonwealth Games 2004 Summer Olympics, 2006 Commonwealth Games, 2008 Summer Olympics and 2010 Commonwealth Games.

Double trap
Double trap is a shotgun shooting sport, one of the ISSF shooting events. Participants use a shotgun to attempt to break a clay disk flung away from the shooter at high speed.

The layout of double trap shooting is similar to that of trap shooting. The shooter stands 16 yards behind the house that releases the targets. Two targets are released simultaneously from the house. They follow set paths, usually 35 degrees to left and right of straightaway. The shooter can take one shot at each target.
Bolívar (cigar brand)
Bolívar is the name of two brands of premium cigar, one produced on the island of Cuba for Habanos SA, the Cuban state-owned tobacco company, and the other produced in the Dominican Republic from Dominican and Nicaraguan tobacco for General Cigar Company, which is today a subsidiary of Scandinavian Tobacco Group. Both are named for the South American revolutionary, Simón Bolívar.

The Cuban-produced Bolívar cigars are very full-bodied, with considerable ligero in the blend and have traditionally been some of the strongest and most full-bodied Havana cigars.

Ligero
Ligero (pronounced "lee-HAIR-oh") is a type of tobacco leaf found near the top of each tobacco plant. Slower to mature than the seco and viso leaves found at the middle of the plant or the easy-burning volado leaves at the bottom, ligero leaves are characterized by a coarse texture and produce smoke with a potent, spicy taste. Ligero leaf is selected for the manufacture of heavy, full-bodied cigars, being rolled at the very center of the filler bundle owing to its slow-burning nature.
Thorsten Fink
Thorsten Fink (born 29 October 1967) is a German professional football manager and former player who played as a defensive midfielder. He is currently the head coach of Süper Lig club Samsunspor. As a player, he notably represented Bayern Munich between 1997 and 2003, winning multiple domestic honours and the UEFA Champions League.

After retiring in 2006, Fink moved into coaching and has managed clubs including FC Ingolstadt, Basel and Hamburg. With Basel, he won the Swiss Super League in 2009-10 and 2010-11 and the Swiss Cup in 2009-10.

He has also coached abroad, with spells at Austria Wien, APOEL, Vissel Kobe, Riga and Al Nasr, among others.

Swiss Cup
The Swiss Cup (German: Schweizer Cup; French: Coupe de Suisse; Italian: Coppa Svizzera; Romansh: Cuppa Svizra)  is a football cup competition that has been organised annually since 1925–26 season by the Swiss Football Association.

The Swiss Cup final is usually the most important game of the year with a high attendance. The competition is also shaped by games in the first rounds when villages celebrate the tie of their club with a professional team leading to infrastructure improvements and often thousands of spectators at the local football pitch. Since 1999 the cup winners earns the chance to qualify for the UEFA Europa League or the UEFA Conference League in accordance with the rankings of Switzerland in the UEFA coefficient.
Sun Shine 38
The Sun Shine 38 is a French sailboat that was designed by Tony Castro as a cruiser-racer and first built in 1987.

The design is a development of the Sun Shine 36 with a longer and sharper transom, giving it a longer waterline length and thus higher hull speed.

Hull speed
Hull speed or displacement speed is the speed at which the wavelength of a vessel's bow wave is equal to the waterline length of the vessel.  As boat speed increases from rest, the wavelength of the bow wave increases, and usually its crest-to-trough dimension (height) increases as well.  When hull speed is exceeded, a vessel in displacement mode will appear to be climbing up the back of its bow wave.

From a technical perspective, at hull speed the bow and stern waves interfere constructively, creating relatively large waves, and thus a relatively large value of wave drag. Ship drag for a displacement hull increases smoothly with speed as hull speed is approached and exceeded, often with no noticeable inflection at hull speed.

The concept of hull speed is not used in modern naval architecture, where considerations of speed/length ratio or Froude number are considered more helpful.
Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004
Poland was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 with the song "Love Song", composed by Paweł Rurak-Sokal, with lyrics by Tatiana Okupnik, and performed by the band Blue Café. The Polish participating broadcaster, Telewizja Polska (TVP), organised the national final Krajowe Eliminacje do Konkursu Piosenki Eurowizji 2004 in order to select its entry for the contest. The national final took place on 24 January 2004 and featured fifteen entries. "Love Song" performed by Blue Café was selected as the winner after gaining the most votes from the public with 57,125 votes.

As one of ten highest placed finishers in the 2003 contest Poland directly qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 15 May 2004. Performing in position 19, Poland placed seventeenth out of the 24 participating countries with 27 points.

Telewizja Polska
Telewizja Polska S.A. (pronounced [tɛlɛˈvizja ˈpɔlska]; TVP), also known in English as Polish Television, is a public service broadcaster in Poland, founded in 1952. It is the oldest and largest Polish television network.

After 2015, when the right-wing populist Law and Justice (PiS) party won the Polish parliamentary election, TVP progressively aligned with the speaking points of the PiS government. In the run-up to the 2023 Polish parliamentary election, TVP was designated as a "propaganda arm" of PiS by European media and as "a factory of hate" by the Polish opposition. However, after the electoral victory of the opposition party the Civic Platform in 2023, a newly-appointed Minister of Culture began a restructuring of the broadcaster and its news segment. On 27 December 2023, the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, due to the President's veto on the financing of the company, placed it in liquidation.
Freezing level
The freezing level or freezing level height (FLH) represents the altitude in which the temperature in a free atmosphere is at 0 °C , i.e. the freezing point of water. FLH is important for weather in mountainous regions and aviation and over time an indicator of climate variability and climate change.

Any given measure is valid for only a short period of time, often less than a day as variations in wind, sunlight, air masses and other factors may change the level.

Planetary boundary layer
In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behaviour is directly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface. On Earth it usually responds to changes in surface radiative forcing in an hour or less. In this layer physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence) and vertical mixing is strong. Above the PBL is the "free atmosphere", where the wind is approximately geostrophic (parallel to the isobars), while within the PBL the wind is affected by surface drag and turns across the isobars (see Ekman layer for more detail).
Matthías Vilhjálmsson
Matthías Vilhjálmsson (born 30 January 1987) is an Icelandic international footballer who plays as a striker for the Úrvalsdeild club Víkingur. He can as well play as a midfielder. He also played for the Icelandic national football team from 2009 to 2016.

Matthías, also known as Matti Vill, has previously played for the Icelandic clubs BÍ and FH, the English club Colchester United and the Norwegian club Start.

IK Start
Idrettsklubben Start (or simply IK Start) is a Norwegian football club from the city of Kristiansand that currently plays in the Eliteserien, the top tier of the Norwegian football league system. The club was founded on 19 September 1905. The club's current head coach is Azar Karadas. The team plays in yellow jerseys, black shorts and socks at home, and black jerseys, yellow shorts and socks away.

They play their home matches at Sør Arena, opened in 2007. Before moving to Sør Arena, IK Start played their games at Kristiansand Stadion. The team’s official supporter club, “Tigerberget,” existed until 2017, when the IK Start board decided to discontinue having an official supporter club.
(Always Be My) Sunshine
"(Always Be My) Sunshine" is a hip hop song by American rapper Jay-Z with guest vocals from fellow emcee Foxy Brown and R&B singer-songwriter Babyface who performs the song's chorus. It serves as the first single from his second album In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 (1997). The track features production by Daven "Prestige" Vanderpool. Vanderpool samples MC Lyte's "Cha Cha Cha", Alexander O'Neal's "Sunshine", Kraftwerk's "The Man-Machine" and The Fearless Four's "Rockin' It" for the track's beat. In addition, George Fonenette plays keyboards on this song. The song's lyrics helped indicate Jay-Z's change from his Mafioso rap style to a more commercial "shiny suit" style. Steve Juon of RapReviews.com supports the song claiming that it is a less gangsta version of The Notorious B.I.G.'s "Me & My Bitch", a well-received track. Jay-Z cites this song as "what killed the album."

In My Lifetime, Vol. 1
In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 is the second studio album by American rapper Jay-Z. It was released on November 4, 1997, by Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings. The album debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 chart and was certified Platinum by the RIAA, selling over 138,000 copies in its first week of release. In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 also served as Jay-Z's first album release following the sudden death of fellow Brooklyn rapper and collaborator The Notorious B.I.G. in March 1997.
Por siempre mi amor
Por siempre mi amor (English title: Forever Yours) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Ignacio Sada for Televisa. It is a remake of Mi segunda madre, produced by Juan Osorio in 1989.

Susana González and Guy Ecker star as the protagonists, while Thelma Madrigal and Pablo Lyle star as the co-protagonists. Dominika Paleta, Héctor Suárez Gomís, Sofía Castro and Lola Merino star as the antagonists.

Sofía Castro
Angélica Sofía Castro Rivera (born 30 October 1996), known professionally as Sofía Castro, is a Mexican actress. She is the daughter of Angelica Rivera and José Alberto Castro. She is the former step-daughter of former president Enrique Peña Nieto.