hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nephrotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. There are various forms, and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.

Nephrotoxicity should not be confused with some medications predominantly excreted by the kidneys needing their dose adjusted for the decreased kidney function (e.g., heparin, lithium).

Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.
Kent County Rail Road
The Kent County Railroad (KRR) was a railroad company that operated in the US states of Maryland and Delaware from 1870 to 1883. It first connected to the previously existing Delaware Railroad (DRC) at its branch from Townsend, Delaware to Massey's Crossroads in Kent County, Maryland and ran through Kent County to Chestertown, Maryland. At Massey's Crossroad, later Massey's Station, it also connected to the Queen Anne's and Kent Railroad (QA&KR). In 1873 the company extended the line east to Clayton, Delaware. In 1877 the Kent County was sold at foreclosure and bought by the New Jersey Southern Railroad which, on May 12, 1883, merged it with the Smyrna and Delaware Bay Railroad to form the Baltimore and Delaware Bay Railroad.

New Jersey Southern Railroad
The New Jersey Southern Railroad was a railroad that started in 1854. It would continue under this name until the 1870s as a separate company and the lines that it had constructed or run continued to be run in the New Jersey Southern name until the early 2000s.
Draped garment
A draped garment (draped dress) is a garment that is made of a single piece of cloth that is draped around the body; drapes are not cut away or stitched as in a tailored garment.  Drapes can be held to the body by means of knotting, pinning, fibulae, clasps, sashes, belts, tying drawstrings, or just plain friction and gravity alone. Many draped garments consist of only one single piece.

An advanced form of the garment is the tailored dress, which is constructed from fabric that has been cut into pieces and stitched together to fit various parts of the body. In comparison to draped dresses, they are more fitted to the body.

Cloak
A cloak is a type of loose garment worn over clothing, mostly but not always, as outerwear for outdoor wear, which serves the same purpose as an overcoat and protects the wearer from the weather. It may form part of a uniform. People in many different societies may wear cloaks. Over time, cloak designs have changed to match fashion and available textiles.

Cloaks generally fasten at the neck or over the shoulder, and vary in length from the hip to the ankle, with mid-calf being the normal length. They may have an attached hood and may cover and fasten down the front, in which case they have holes or slits for the hands to pass through. However, cloaks are almost always sleeveless.

Christian clerics may wear a cappa or a cope – forms of cloak – as liturgical vestments or as part of a religious habit.
Jade Knight
Jade Knight (née Phillips; born 16 February 1989) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays for Saracens Women of the Premier 15s and the Wales women's national rugby union team. She earned her first international cap for Wales in a 2018 Women's Six Nations Championship and she has also played for Richmond Women in the Women's Premiership. Knight works as a midwife while continuing her rugby career.

Women's Premiership
The Women's Premiership, also called the RFUW Premiership was the top level of women's rugby union in England until 2017. It was formed in 1990 and was run by the Rugby Football Union for Women. It was superseded in the 2017/18 season by Premier 15s.
Qiaogou Subdistrict
Qiaogou Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 桥沟街道; traditional Chinese: 橋溝街道; pinyin: Qiáogōu Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Baota District, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, China. The subdistrict spans an area of 110.85 square kilometres (42.80 sq mi), and has a population of 69,345 as of 2010.

Yan'an
Yan'an is a prefecture-level city in the Shaanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Shanxi to the east and Gansu to the west. It administers several counties, including Zhidan (formerly Bao'an), which served as the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) before the city of Yan'an proper took that role.

Yan'an was near the endpoint of the Long March, and became the center of the Chinese Communist Revolution from late 1935 to early 1947. Chinese communists celebrate Yan'an as the birthplace of the revolution.

As of 2019, Yan'an has approximately 2,255,700 permanent residents.: 4–5
Guru (2025 film)
Guru (French: Gourou) is a 2025 psychological thriller film directed by Yann Gozlan, from a screenplay he wrote with Jean-Baptiste Delafon. The film stars Pierre Niney as a charismatic and manipulative self-help guru. The supporting cast includes Marion Barbeau, Anthony Bajon and Holt McCallany. It is a co-production between France and Belgium.

The film had its world premiere at The American French Film Festival on 3 November 2025. It was theatrically released in France and Belgium on 28 January 2026.

Holt McCallany
Holt McCallany (born Holt Quinn McAloney; September 3, 1963) is an American actor. He is known for portraying FBI Special Agent Bill Tench on the series Mindhunter (2017–19) and has had leading and supporting roles in various television series and films, including Lights Out, Fight Club, Three Kings, Shot Caller, Wrath of Man, Nightmare Alley, and The Iron Claw.
Klainjosaura
Klainjosaura (lit. 'small lizard') is an extinct genus of early lepidosauromorph (lizard-line reptile) known from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian age) Erfurt Formation of Germany. The genus contains a single species, Klainjosaura staroskalja, known from a fragmentary skull.  It is one of many Triassic stem group-lepidosaurs known from the Vellberg region, in addition to Airistagiz and Hohlachia (named in the same publication as Klainjosaura) and the earlier-described Wirtembergia, Fraxinisaura, Vellbergia, and possibly the enigmatic Stauromatodon.

Vellbergia
Vellbergia is an extinct genus of lepidosauromorph from the Middle Triassic of Germany. It contains a single species, Vellbergia bartholomaei, which is based on a tiny partial skull from the Ladinian-age Lower Keuper. Some studies have found it to be a crown group lepidosaur, closely related to Rhynchocephalia.
John Freshwater
John Freshwater (born June 22, 1956) is a former science teacher at Mount Vernon Middle School in Mount Vernon, Ohio, who was dismissed by the Board of Education for teaching creationism in a public school.

Freshwater was suspended without pay and requested a public administrative hearing, which began in October 2008 and concluded in January 2011 with the hearing referee recommending the school board terminate Freshwater's teaching contract. One week later, the Board terminated Freshwater's contracts. Additionally, Freshwater was involved with two federal court cases regarding the accusations, one brought against him by the student because Freshwater burned a cross into his arm, which was settled out of court, and in the other Freshwater sued his employers, which he later withdrew. Freshwater appealed his termination, but the appeals were denied by two different appeal courts and the Supreme Court of Ohio.

Supreme Court of Ohio
The Supreme Court of the State of Ohio is the highest court in the U.S. state of Ohio, with final authority over interpretations of Ohio law and the Ohio Constitution. The court has seven members, a chief justice and six associate justices, who are elected at large by the voters of Ohio for six-year terms. The court has a total of 1,550 other employees. Since 2004, the court has met in the Thomas J. Moyer Ohio Judicial Center (formerly known as the Ohio Departments Building) on the east bank of the Scioto River in Downtown Columbus. Prior to 2004, the court met in the James A. Rhodes State Office Tower and earlier in the Judiciary Annex (now the Senate Building) of the Ohio Statehouse.

The Ohio Supreme Court and the rest of the judiciary is established and authorized within Article IV of the Ohio Constitution.
Laos at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Laos competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London when the event took place from 27 July to 12 August 2012. It was the nation's eighth overall appearance following their Olympic debut in 1980. Laos had previously competed in seven consecutive Olympics prior to London apart from the 1984 Summer Olympics boycott. Two athletes and one swimmer were selected to the Laotian Olympic team after the country did not qualify any competitors.

Sprinter Kilakone Siphonexay was the nation's flag bearer at the opening and closing ceremonies. At the Olympics, Siphonexay and runner Laenly Phoutthavong failed to advance in the 100 m heats while swimmer Phathana Inthavong did not reach farther than the 50 m freestyle heats. Overall, Inthavong had the highest ranking for Laos in 2012 with a 56th place finish.

Standard-bearer
A standard-bearer, also known as a colour-bearer or flag-bearer, is a person who bears an emblem known as a standard or military colours, i.e. either a type of flag or an inflexible but mobile image, which is used (and often honoured) as a formal, visual symbol of a state, prince, military unit, etc. This can either be an occasional duty, often seen as an honour (especially on parade), or a permanent charge (also on the battlefield); the second type has even led in certain cases to this task being reflected in official rank titles such as Chorąży, Ensign, Cornet, Fähnrich and Alferes/Alférez.
Antke Engel
Antke Engel (born 21 September 1965 in Hamburg) is a German philosopher and publicist. Together with Sabine Hark, she is one of the pioneers of Butler reception in Germany, teaches as a visiting professor for Queer Studies at various universities and is the founder and director of the Institute for Queer Theory in Berlin.

Queer studies
Queer studies, sexual diversity studies, or LGBTQ studies is the study of topics relating to sexual orientation and gender identity usually focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender dysphoric, asexual, aromantic, queer, questioning, and intersex people and cultures.

Originally centered on LGBT history and literary theory, the field has expanded to include the academic study of issues raised in archaeology, sociology, psychiatry, anthropology, the history of science, philosophy, psychology, sexology, political science, ethics, communication, and other fields by an examination of the identity, lives, history, and perception of being queer.

Queer studies is not the same as queer theory, which is an analytical viewpoint within queer studies (centered on literary studies and philosophy) that challenges the existence of "socially constructed" categories of sexual identity.
Ashoka (2008 film)
Ashoka is a 2008 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by NRI, Prem Menon, who also stars in the lead role with Anushree, Pooja Bharathi, Raghuvaran, Rajeev and Anandaraj in supporting roles. The film revolves around the life of a protector, who guards the Prime Minister of India. The film was produced by Prem's wife Indira under Lotus Film Company.

Anandaraj
Anandaraj (born 10 November  1958) is an Indian actor. He has acted in villain roles and comedic roles in several Tamil films and has appeared in over a three hundred films in different languages including Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi.
1991–92 División de Honor de Futsal
The 1992–93 season of the División de Honor de Futsal was the 3rd season of top-tier futsal in Spain. It was played in two rounds. At first round teams were drawn in two groups of 10/11 teams every one, advancing eight first to second round for title. Two/three last advanced to second round for permanence.

Primera División de Futsal
The Primera División is the premier professional futsal league in Spain. It was founded in 1989 with the name of División de Honor. Administered by Liga Nacional de Fútbol Sala, it is contested by 16 teams and is played under UEFA rules.

The Liga Nacional de Futsal includes:

Primera División de Futsal — 1st level.

Segunda División — 2nd level.
SS Lombardia
SS Lombardia was one of a pair of transatlantic steam ocean liners that were launched in 1914 in Germany for the Hamburg America Line (HAPAG), sold to a Dutch shipping line in 1916, and seized by the United States as World War I reparations in 1922. United American Lines (UAL) operated her until 1926, when HAPAG bought her back.

Lombardia was launched as William O'Swald. Her Dutch operator renamed her Brabantia, while UAL renamed her Resolute. Her sister ship was Reliance, which had been launched as Johann Heinrich Burchard.

In 1935 Flotte Riuniti Cosulich-Lloyd Sabaudo bought Resolute from HAPAG, renamed her Lombardia and had her converted into a troop ship. In 1936 she passed to Lloyd Triestino.

In 1943 an Allied air attack sank Lombardia in the Mediterranean. In 1946 her wreck was raised and scrapped.

Italia Marittima
Italia Marittima S.p.A., founded as Österreichischer Lloyd in 1833 and named Lloyd Triestino  from 1919 until 2006 , is a shipping company with its head office in Trieste, Italy, and run by Evergreen Marine Corporation.
2003 Nigerian Senate elections in Rivers State
The 2003 Nigerian Senate election in Rivers State was held on 12 April 2003, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Rivers State. Ibiapuye Martyns-Yellowe representing Rivers West, Lee Maeba representing Rivers South-East and John Azuta-Mbata representing Rivers East all won on the platform of the Peoples Democratic Party.

Ibiapuye Martyns-Yellowe
Soala Ibiapuye Martyns-Yellowe was elected Senator for the Rivers West constituency of Rivers State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.
He was reelected in April 2003.

Martyns-Yellowe was born on 12 November 1945 in Bakana, Degema Local Government Area, Rivers State.
He qualified as a neuro-psychiatrist, and served as chief medical director of the Rivers State Psychiatric Hospital, Rumuigbo, Port Harcourt.
After taking his seat in the Senate in June 1999 he was appointed to committees on Drug & Narcotics, Petroleum (Chairman) and Health.
In 2007, he was a contender in the PDP primary election to be candidate for Rivers State governor.
He died in Abuja on 2 July 2009 after a severe asthmatic attack.
Minima naturalia
Minima naturalia ("natural minima") were theorized by Aristotle as the smallest parts into which a homogeneous natural substance (e.g., flesh, bone, or wood) could be divided and still retain its essential character. In this context, "nature" means formal nature. Thus, "natural minimum" may be taken to mean "formal minimum": the minimum amount of matter necessary to instantiate a certain form.

Speculation on minima naturalia in late Antiquity, in the Islamic world, and by Scholastic and Renaissance thinkers in Europe provided a conceptual bridge between the atomism of ancient Greece and the mechanistic philosophy of early modern thinkers like René Descartes, which in turn provided a background for the rigorously mathematical and experimental atomic theory of modern science.

Essence
Essence (Latin: essentia) has various meanings and uses for different thinkers and in different contexts. It is used in philosophy and theology as a designation for the property or set of properties or attributes that make an entity the entity it is or, expressed negatively, without which it would lose its identity. Essence is contrasted with accident, which is a property or attribute the entity has accidentally or contingently, but upon which its identity does not depend.
Manzoor Nomani
Muḥammad Manz̤oor Nomānī (c. 15 December 1905 – 4 May 1997) was an Indian Islamic scholar. Prominent among his written works are Maariful Hadith, Islam Kya Hai?, and Khomeini and the Iranian Revolution.

He graduated from Darul Uloom Deoband in 1927, where he studied hadith under Anwar Shah Kashmiri. He held the post of Shaykh al-Hadith at Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama for four years, and was a close associate of Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi. A founding member of Jamaat-e-Islami in 1941, he was elected the group's Deputy Amir, second to Abul A'la Maududi. However, in 1942, following disagreements with Maududi he led a group in resigning from the organization. Afterwards he became affiliated with the Tablighi Jamaat of Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi. He served on the Majlis-e-Shura and Majlis-e-Amilah (Executive Council) of Darul Uloom Deoband and was a member of the Muslim World League.

Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama
Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama is an Islamic seminary in Lucknow, India, founded in 1898 by Nadwatul Ulama under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Mungeri. Its purpose was to produce scholars who could integrate the traditional Islamic learning of Darul Uloom Deoband with the modern educational approach of Aligarh Muslim University. The institution is also known for its emphasis on the Arabic language and its inclusive approach toward intra-Sunni differences.
Ian Fraser (surgeon)
Sir Ian Fraser FRSE PRCSI PBMA DSO OBE LLD (1901–1999) was a Northern Irish surgeon. He served as president of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in 1954-1956 and was president of the British Medical Association. In the Second World War he was responsible for the implementation of the widespread use of the newly discovered penicillin throughout military hospitals, saving tens of thousands of lives. He was described as "Northern Ireland's best-known surgeon".

He was a lifelong campaigner for the harmonisation of relationships between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

The Sir Ian Fraser Theatre in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, his named in his honour.

British Medical Association
The British Medical Association (BMA) is a registered trade union and professional body for doctors in the United Kingdom. It does not regulate or certify doctors, a responsibility which lies with the General Medical Council. The BMA has a range of representative and scientific committees and is recognised by National Health Service (NHS) employers alongside the Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association as one of two national contract negotiators for doctors.

The BMA's stated aim is "to promote the medical and allied sciences, and to maintain the honour and interests of the medical profession".
Sydney Barros
Sydney Tatiana Barros (born February 21, 2005) is an American artistic gymnast currently representing Puerto Rico in international competitions. While representing the United States, she was a member of the team that won bronze at the inaugural Junior World Championships.

Konnor McClain
Konnor McClain (born February 1, 2005) is an American artistic gymnast and a former member of the United States women's national gymnastics team.  She is the 2022 U.S National Champion and was the 2019 City of Jesolo Trophy and the 2019 U.S. Classic Junior All-Around Champion.
Nyhavn 27
Nyhavn 27 is an 18th-century property overlooking the Nyhavn Canal in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1945. In the 18th century, it was for a while owned by the timber merchant Andreas Bodenhoff. The building was later operated as a hotel under the name Stadt Flensburg.

Andreas Bodenhoff
Andreas Bodenhoff  (5 January 1723 – 8 August 1794) was a Danish merchant, shipowner and ship builder. He has left his name in posterity for reclaiming the area now known as Bodenhoffs Plads on Christianshavn in Copenhagen. He was the largest private shipowner in Copenhagen by 1779.
Iravum Pagalum Varum
Iravum Pagalum Varum (transl. Night and day will come) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language heist film directed by Bala Sriram in his directorial debut. It stars Mahesh, Ananya, and Jagan, while A. Venkatesh, Sanjana Singh, Yuvarani, and Swaminathan play supporting roles. The music was composed by Dhina with cinematography by E. Krishnasamy. The film was released on 20 March 2015.

Yuvarani
Yuvarani (born 30 November 1974) is an Indian actress. She has appeared in several Tamil films in the female lead role while she has also featured in television serials.

She played Rajinikanth's sister in Baashha, Prabhavathy in the Tamil Serial Chithi,  and Sundari in Thendral.
Digital rain
Digital rain, or Matrix code, is the visual effect of vertically falling computer code popularized by the 1999 film The Matrix. The code is a way of representing the activity of the simulated reality environment of the Matrix on screen by kinetic typography. All four Matrix movies, as well as episodes of the spin-off The Animatrix, open with the code. It is a characteristic mark of the franchise, similar to the opening crawl featured in the Star Wars franchise.

Simulated reality
A simulated reality is an approximation of reality created in a simulation, usually in a set of circumstances in which something is engineered to appear real when it is not.

Most concepts invoking a simulated reality relate to some form of computer simulation, whether through the creation of a virtual reality that creates appearance of being in a real world, or a theoretical process like mind uploading, in which a mind could be uploaded into a computer simulation. A digital twin is a simulation of a real thing, created for purposes such as testing engineering outcomes.
Love Like Crazy (song)
"Love Like Crazy" is a song written by Tim James and Doug Johnson, and recorded by American country music artist Lee Brice. It was released in August 2009 as the fourth single of his career, and the first single and title track from his album Love Like Crazy.  In September 2010, the song broke a record established by Eddy Arnold for the longest chart run in the history of the Hot Country Songs charts.

Eddy Arnold
Richard Edward Arnold (May 15, 1918 – May 8, 2008) was an American country music singer. He was a Nashville sound (country/popular music) innovator of the late 1950s, and scored 147 songs on the Billboard country music charts, second only to George Jones. He sold more than 85 million records. A member of the Grand Ole Opry (beginning 1943) and the Country Music Hall of Fame (beginning 1966), Arnold ranked 22nd on Country Music Television's 2003 list of "The 40 Greatest Men of Country Music."