hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lower Montague, Prince Edward Island
Lower Montague was a municipality that held community status in Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was located to the east of Montague.

The Community of Lower Montague was incorporated in 1974. The first inhabitants of the Island and the area later called Lower Montague were the First Nations Mi’kmag people who came to the Island seasonally and established summer camps. They called the island Abegweit or "resting on the wave". They mostly harvested the richness of forest, field and sea. An Indian burial site reportedly exists along the water's edge and the intersection with the Thornton Road.

Lower Montague formed the major part of  Lot 59, which has a population of 1285 (2006 Census).

On September 28, 2018, it was merged with six other municipalities (two towns – Georgetown, Montague, Brudenell, Cardigan, Lorne Valley, and Valleyfield) to create the town of Three Rivers.

Cardigan, Prince Edward Island
Cardigan (2016 pop.: 269) was a municipality that held community status in Prince Edward Island, Canada. It was a fishing community in eastern Kings County.

The community was named by Welsh farmers, later it was thought to be named after James Brudenell, 5th Earl of Cardigan, later Duke of Montague. Situated on the Cardigan River and originally named Cardigan Bridge, the community started and grew as a result of the shipbuilding industry and lumber trade.

Today the community's primary industry is manufacturing, followed by fishing, most notably lobster, mussels and clams.

The community is also home to Canada's smallest library.

On September 28, 2018, it was combined with six other municipalities and adjacent unincorporated areas to create the town of Three Rivers.
Global minimum tax on billionaires
The global minimum tax on billionaires is a proposal by EU TAX put forward by UC Berkeley economist Gabriel Zucman to the G20. It is supported by the Brazilian and French presidents, Lula and Emmanuel Macron, and by ministers from South Africa, Spain, France and Germany. The proposal is for a 2% wealth tax floor and draws inspiration from the 15% global minimum corporate income tax. The current effective tax rate on wealth held by billionaires is estimated to be just 0.3%.

Global minimum corporate tax rate
Initial signatories

Subsequent signatories

Non-signatories

Withdrawn

Not members of the inclusive framework (unable to sign)

The global minimum corporate tax rate, or simply the global minimum tax (abbreviated GMCT or GMCTR), is a minimum rate of tax on corporate income internationally agreed upon and accepted by individual jurisdictions under "Pillar Two" in the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework. Each country would be eligible for a share of revenue generated by the tax. The aim is to reduce tax competition between countries and discourage multinational corporations (MNC) from profit shifting that avoids taxes.
DSB Class EA
The DSB Class EA was the first electric locomotive in Denmark, introduced in 1984. Twenty-two were built for DSB, about half were acquired by Deutsche Bahn in 2001 when it took over the freight business of DSB.

Between 2007 and 2010 some units were transferred to DB Cargo Bulgaria for freight service in Bulgaria. As of 2017, only five units remained with DSB. The units were finally withdrawn from service in Denmark in December 2020.

DSB (railway company)
DSB, an abbreviation of Danske Statsbaner (pronounced [ˈtænskə ˈstɛˀtsˌpɛːnɐ], Danish State Railways), is the largest Danish train operating company. It's also the largest train operating company in Scandinavia. While DSB is responsible for passenger train operation on most of the Danish railways, goods transport and railway maintenance are outside its scope. DSB runs a commuter rail system, called the S-train, in the area around the Danish capital, Copenhagen, that connects the different areas and suburbs in the greater metropolitan area. Between 2010 and 2017, DSB operated trains in Sweden.

DSB was founded in 1885, when the state-owned companies De jysk-fynske Statsbaner and De sjællandske Statsbaner merged. DSB was established in 1885, after the state in 1867 under the name De Jutland-Fynske Statsbaner took over the private company Det Danske Jernbanedriftselskab and in 1880 they also took over the privately owned Zealand Railway Company.
Crimson Romance
Crimson Romance is a 1934 American drama film directed by David Howard and written by Milton Krims and Doris Schroeder. The film stars Ben Lyon, Sari Maritza, Erich von Stroheim, James Bush, William Bakewell and Hardie Albright. The low-budget project utilized footage from Hell's Angels (1930) and was released on October 12, 1934, by Mascot Pictures.

In the film, two civilian pilots volunteer for service with the Luftstreitkräfte during World War I. They get involved in a love triangle as they fall for a Red Cross nurse. When the American pilot's loyalty to Germany is questioned and he is forced to flee, the two pilots find themselves serving opposing forces. Their loyalty to each other is put to the test.

James Bush (actor)
James Bush (October 4, 1907 – April 9, 1987) was an American actor from the 1930s until the early 1950s. He appeared in more than 100 television shows and films, more than 80 of them being feature films.
Iowa Cow War
The Iowa Cow War was a series of violent disputes over the testing of cows for bovine tuberculosis in Iowa, United States, in 1931. After distrustful farmers tried and failed to repeal the testing program, they congregated to block tests from taking place. The farmers believed that the test might infect cows with tuberculosis or make pregnant cows have spontaneous abortions. They also believed that the testing was unconstitutional. The owner of Muscatine radio station KTNT, Norman G. Baker, spread misinformation which resulted in more farmers protesting the testing, sometimes violently. Fifty veterinarians, all working in pairs and while being protected, gave injections to 5,000 cattle per day for a week.

The Iowa Cow War came to a conclusion when 31 Iowa National Guard units were deployed to stop the protesting. Two farmers were arrested for their actions during the conflict. There was one casualty, and no deaths. Most of the testing was completed by October 1931.

Mycobacterium bovis
Mycobacterium bovis is a slow-growing (16- to 20-hour generation time) aerobic bacterium and the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle (known as bovine TB). It is related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium which causes tuberculosis in humans. M. bovis can jump the species barrier and cause tuberculosis-like infection in humans and other mammals.
1908 Haggerston by-election
The 1908 Haggerston by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 1 August 1908. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

Haggerston (UK Parliament constituency)
Haggerston, formally known as the "Haggerston Division of Shoreditch", was a borough constituency centred on the Haggerston district of the Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch in London.  It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post system.
Vernon A. Bullard
Vernon A. Bullard (October 14, 1858 – September 8, 1928) was a Vermont attorney and public official. He served as United States Attorney for the District of Vermont from 1915 to 1923.

Bullard was a native of Hyde Park, Vermont, and taught school while completing his education at Vermont Normal School and the University of Michigan Law School. He practiced law beginning in 1884, first in Underhill and later in Burlington.

A Democrat, Bullard served terms in the Vermont House of Representatives, and ran unsuccessfully for offices including Vermont Attorney General. From 1915 to 1923, Bullard served as Vermont's U.S. Attorney.

Bullard died in Burlington and was buried at Riverbank Cemetery, Stowe, Vermont.

Stowe, Vermont
Stowe is a town in Lamoille County, Vermont, United States. The population was 5,223 at the 2020 census. The town lies on Vermont Routes 108 and 100. It is nicknamed "The Ski Capital of the East" and is home to Stowe Mountain Resort, a ski facility with terrain on Mount Mansfield,  the highest peak in Vermont, and Spruce Peak.
Albert de la Chapelle
Albert Fredrik de la Chapelle, MD, Ph.D (11 February 1933 – 10 December 2020) was a Finnish human geneticist, long-time head of Finland's first Department of Medical Genetics at the University of Helsinki, and subsequently professor of Human Cancer Genetics at Ohio State University. He was best known for his role in the elucidation of the genetics of hereditary colorectal cancer and Lynch syndrome.

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a hereditary predisposition to colon cancer.

HNPCC includes (and was once synonymous with) Lynch syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic condition that is associated with a high risk of colon cancer (most common) and endometrial cancer (second most common), as well as ovarian, stomach, small intestine, hepatobiliary tract, upper urinary tract, brain, and skin cancers. The increased risk for these cancers is due to inherited genetic mutations that impair DNA mismatch repair. It is a type of cancer syndrome.

Other HNPCC conditions include Lynch-like syndrome, polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis and familial colorectal cancer type X.
Microevolution
Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection (natural and artificial), gene flow and genetic drift. This change happens over a relatively short (in evolutionary terms) amount of time compared to the changes termed macroevolution.

Population genetics is the branch of biology that provides the mathematical structure for the study of the process of microevolution. Ecological genetics concerns itself with observing microevolution in the wild. Typically, observable instances of evolution are examples of microevolution; for example, bacterial strains that have antibiotic resistance.

Microevolution provides the raw material for macroevolution.

Gene duplication
Gene duplication (or chromosomal duplication or      gene amplification) is a  mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. It can be defined as any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.  Gene duplications can arise as products of several types of errors in DNA replication and repair machinery as well as through fortuitous capture by selfish genetic elements.  Common sources of gene duplications include ectopic recombination,  retrotransposition event, aneuploidy, polyploidy, and replication slippage.
Kosambi, Tangerang
Kosambi is an administrative district (kecamatan) located in the Tangerang Regency of Banten Province on the island of Java, Indonesia.

Kosambi was previously part of Teluknaga district before it was split off from the eastern part of that district in 1992.

It covers an area of 36.09 km2, and had a population of 131,011 at the 2010 Census and 115,260 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 116,395 - comprising 59,264 males and 57,131 females. The administrative centre of the district is at Selembaran Jaya and the district comprises 3 urban villages (kelurahan) and 7 classed as rural villages (desa), as listed below with their areas, officially-estimated populations as at mid 2024, and their postcodes. Kosambi District is also the location of the PIK 2 development.

Teluknaga
Teluknaga ("Naga Bay") is a district (kecamatan) located in the northeast of the Tangerang Regency of Banten Province on Java, Indonesia. It has a land area of 52.41 km2 and had a population of 138,330 at the 2010 Census and 160,946 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 175,155 (comprising 89,408 males and 85,747 females). The administrative centre is in the village of Kampung Melayu Timur. The district is composed of thirteen villages (desa), all sharing the postcode of 15510, as tabulated below.
Medaglie d'Oro station
Medaglie d'Oro is a Naples Metro station that serves line 1. It opened on 28 May 1993 as part of the inaugural section of Naples Metro, between Vanvitelli and Colli Aminei. The station is located between Vanvitelli and Montedonzelli.

Built between 1980s and 1990s on a project by Michele Capobianco and Daniele Zagaria, the station serves the area of Piazza Medaglie d'Oro. The station, present in the Arenella district, is the one at the lowest altitude of the four present in the district, as well as the closest to the border with the Vomero district.

The station has six exits (originally there were seven, then the one placed in the central flowerbed was buried in the 2010s) located in the square above, plus five lifts (from NA 010 to NA 014) for the handicapped. Inside the station, the platforms are served by two platforms.

Vanvitelli station
Vanvitelli is a Naples Metro underground station that serves Line 1. It was opened on 28 May 1993 as the southern terminus of the inaugural section of Naples Metro, between Vanvitelli and Colli Aminei. On 5 April 2001, the line was extended to Museo, and Vanvitelli ceased to be the terminus.
Michael O'Keeffe (footballer)
Michael Peter O'Keeffe (born 9 August 1990) is a New Zealand footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Team Wellington and played for the New Zealand U23 national team. Since 2017 until its closure in July 2024, O’Keeffe has been a TV reporter and presenter for Newshub. He is the younger brother of rugby union referee, Ben O'Keeffe.

Team Wellington FC
Team Wellington Football Club was an association football club based in the suburb of Miramar in Wellington, New Zealand. They competed in the ISPS Handa Premiership. Team Wellington had traditionally been one of the most successful football clubs in New Zealand since their inception in 2004, having been crowned league champions twice and won the 2018 OFC Champions League. Their home games were played at David Farrington Park.
Jackson Barton
Jackson Barton (born August 8, 1995) is an American professional football offensive tackle. He played college football at Utah and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the seventh round of the 2019 NFL draft. He has also been a member of the Kansas City Chiefs and New York Giants.

2019 NFL draft
The 2019 NFL draft was the 84th annual meeting of National Football League (NFL) franchises to select newly eligible players for the 2019 NFL season. The draft was held on April 25–27 in Nashville. The first round was held on April 25, followed by the second and third rounds on April 26, and the draft concluded with rounds 4–7 on April 27. The draft featured a record-high 40 trades, surpassing the 37 which were made in 2017.
Type aliasing
Computer programming portal

Type aliasing is a feature in some programming languages that allows creating a reference to a type using another name. It does not create a new type hence does not increase type safety. It can be used to shorten a long name. Languages allowing type aliasing include: C++, C# Crystal, D, Dart, Elixir, Elm, F#, Go, Hack, Haskell, Julia, Kotlin, Nim, OCaml, Python, Rust, Scala, Swift and TypeScript.

Dart (programming language)
Dart is a programming language designed by Lars Bak and Kasper Lund and developed by Google. It can be used to develop web and mobile apps as well as server and desktop applications.

Dart is an object-oriented, class-based, garbage-collected language with C-style syntax. It can compile to machine code, JavaScript, or WebAssembly. It supports interfaces, mixins, abstract classes, reified generics and type inference. The latest version of Dart is 3.11.0 .
Cherrie's pocket gopher
Cherrie's pocket gopher (Heterogeomys cherriei) is a species of rodent in the family Geomyidae. It is found in Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. It is threatened by habitat loss. Some authors classify it in the genus Orthogeomys, but recent research has allowed this and its related species to be classified in the genus Heterogeomys.

Giant pocket gopher
The giant pocket gopher (Orthogeomys grandis), also known as the Oaxacan pocket gopher, is a species of rodent in the family Geomyidae. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. It is the type species of the genus Orthogeomys; some zoologists also include in this genus species that have recently been placed in Heterogeomys.

It is 22–30 cm (9–12 in) long, and 480–985 g (1–2 lb) in weight.
Flag of the Community of Madrid
The flag of the Community of Madrid is crimson red, with seven five-pointed stars in white, placed four and three in the centre of the field.

The crimson color stands for Castile as Madrid has been historically Castillian, and the stars represents each of the administrative areas of the province of Madrid, which are the City of Madrid, Alcalá de Henares, Torrelaguna, San Martín de Valdeiglesias, El Escorial, Getafe and Chinchón. The stars are also thought to represent either the Ursa Major (The Plough asterism) or Ursa Minor constellation, in reference to the bear of the City of Madrid's coat of arms.

Coat of arms of Madrid
The main components of the Coat of arms of Madrid (the bear and the strawberry tree) have their origin in the Middle Ages. The different coats of arms have experienced several modifications, losing for example motifs often displayed in early designs such as water and flint.

In 1822, the municipal council adopted a design that entailed the addition of a gryphon and civic crown, which were removed in 1967.

The shield is argent, a bear sable supported on a strawberry tree vert fructed gules; on a bordure azure seven stars argent. The shield is adorned with a large open royal crown of gold and precious stones, with eight rosettes (five visible) alternating with eight pearls; this crown is commonly used in Spanish heraldry for territorial and municipal arms.

The image of the seven stars, the bear and the strawberry tree is also a component of the badge of the local football club Atlético Madrid.
York Town, Tasmania
York Town is a rural locality in the local government areas (LGA) of West Tamar and Latrobe in the Launceston and North-west and west LGA regions of Tasmania. The locality is about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north-west of the town of Beaconsfield. It was the first attempt to establish a British presence in northern Tasmania, in 1804. It was a "bustling village" until 1808.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
John Collins (footballer, born 1949)
John Lindsay Collins (21 January 1949 – 14 April 2020) was a Welsh professional footballer who played for Tottenham Hotspur, Portsmouth, Dallas Tornado, Halifax Town, Sheffield Wednesday, Barnsley, Kidderminster Harriers and represented Wales at schoolboy and seven occasions at Under-23 level.

Dallas Tornado
The Dallas Tornado was a soccer team based in Dallas, Texas that played in the North American Soccer League (NASL) from 1968 to 1981.

The club's home fields were Cotton Bowl (1967–1968), P.C. Cobb Stadium (1969), Franklin Field (1970–1971), Texas Stadium (1972–1975, 1980–1981) and Ownby Stadium on the SMU campus (1976–1979). The club played Indoor soccer at Reunion Arena for one season (1980–81), and hosted the two-day 1975 Regionals at Fair Park Coliseum.
Ssukh
Ssukh (translation: Happiness)  is a 2005 Bollywood comedy film directed by Kirti Kumar (credited as Kirti Ahuja) starring his brother Govinda, Preeti Jhangiani, Chunky Pandey, Aarti Chhabria and Jackie Shroff. The film was also produced by Govinda. The movie was a remake of the 1990 Marathi movie Shejari Shejari.

Chunky Panday
Suyash Panday (born 26 September 1962), better known by his stage name Chunky Panday, is an Indian actor who primarily appears in Hindi-language films. He made his acting debut in 1987 with the film Aag Hi Aag and gained recognition for his supporting role as Babban in Tezaab (1988), which earned him a Filmfare nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, Panday appeared in several successful multi-starrer films, including Paap Ki Duniya, Khatron Ke Khiladi, Vishwatma, Aankhen, and Lootere.
Tokugawa Munekatsu
Tokugawa Munekatsu (徳川 宗勝, 1705–1761) was a Japanese daimyō of the Edo period. He ruled the Takasu Domain in Mino, and later succeeded his cousin Tokugawa Muneharu, who had been placed under house arrest, to become eighth Tokugawa lord of the Owari Domain in Nagoya. In that capacity, Munekatsu enacted political reforms that reversed the extravagances of his predecessor, Muneharu.

As lord of Takasu he used the name Matsudaira Yoshiatsu (松平 義淳). His other names were Tomosuke (友相) and Tomoatsu (友淳).

Owari Domain
The Owari-Han, also known as the Owari Domain, was a significant feudal domain in Japan during the Edo period. Situated in the western region of what is now Aichi Prefecture, it covered portions of Owari, Mino, and Shinano provinces, with its central administration based at Nagoya Castle. At its zenith, the Owari Domain boasted an impressive rating of 619,500 koku, making it the largest landholding of the Tokugawa clan outside of the shogunal territories. The ruling clan of the Owari Domain was the Tokugawa clan, holding the prestigious position of the highest rank among the gosanke. Additionally, the domain was sometimes referred to as the Nagoya Domain due to its association with Nagoya Castle.
Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice
Ch. Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice (May 19, 2004– October 17, 2018), also known as Charmin, was a male Sealyham Terrier who was the Best in Show at the American Kennel Club National Championship in 2007, World Dog Show in 2008, and Crufts in 2009. He also won the Terrier Group at the Westminster Kennel Club dog show in 2008.

Terrier
Terrier (from Latin  terra 'earth') is a type of dog originally bred to hunt vermin. A terrier is a dog of any one of many breeds or landraces of the terrier type, which are typically small, wiry, game, and fearless.  There are five different groups of terrier, with each group having different shapes and sizes.
Reagan's coattails
Reagan's coattails refers to the influence of Ronald Reagan's popularity in elections other than his own, after the American political expression to "ride in on another's coattails". Chiefly, it refers to the "Reagan Revolution" accompanying his 1980 election to the U.S. presidency. This victory was accompanied by the change of twelve seats in the United States Senate from Democratic to Republican hands, producing a Republican majority in the Senate for the first time since 1954.

Possibly best known was the defeat of Democratic South Dakota Senator George McGovern, a prominent progressive Democrat who had been the party's nominee for president in 1972. McGovern lost his bid for a fourth term by a resounding 19-point margin to Republican Representative James Abdnor.

James Abdnor
Ellis James Abdnor (February 13, 1923 – May 16, 2012) was an American politician who served as a member of the United States Senate from South Dakota. He was also the 15th administrator of the Small Business Administration under presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.

Abdnor had previously represented South Dakota's 2nd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives and served as the 30th Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota and a member of the South Dakota Senate.