hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eugene Saint Julien Cox
Eugene Saint Julien Cox (February 21, 1834 – November 3, 1898) was a prominent citizen of St. Peter, Minnesota, a politician, lawyer, and veteran of both the American Civil War and the Sioux Wars. Cox is one of only a few Minnesota politicians to be impeached out of office by the Minnesota House of Representatives.

Sioux Wars
The Sioux Wars were a series of conflicts between the United States and various subgroups of the Sioux people which occurred in the later half of the 19th century. The earliest conflict came in 1854 when a fight broke out at Fort Laramie in Wyoming, when Sioux warriors killed 31 American soldiers in the Grattan Massacre, and the final came in 1890 during the Ghost Dance War.
Amit Vij
Amit Vij (born 9 November 1977) is an Indian politician and a member of Indian National Congress. In 2017, he was elected as the member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from Pathankot but in 2022, he lost the seat to BJP's Ashwani Sharma.

Punjab Legislative Assembly
The Punjab Legislative Assembly or the Punjab Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the state of Punjab in India. The Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted in March 2022. At present, it consists of 117 members, directly elected from 117 single-seat constituencies.  The tenure of the Legislative Assembly is five years unless dissolved sooner. The Speaker of the sixteenth assembly is Kultar Singh Sandhwan. The meeting place of the Legislative Assembly since 6 March 1961 is the Vidhan Bhavan in Chandigarh.
Carl Dix
Carl Dix (born 1948) is an American communist who was a founding member, and a representative, of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (RCP). He is a regular contributor to Revolution newspaper and a longtime associate of Bob Avakian.

In 1996, Dix co-founded the October 22nd Coalition to Stop Police Brutality, Repression and the Criminalization of a Generation. Dix along with Cornel West was a central figure in the campaign to Stop "Stop and Frisk" aimed at opposing the New York City stop-and-frisk program to stop hundreds of thousands of people in New York City and frisk them.

Dix is a member of Refuse Fascism, a coalition group co-initiated by the RCP in 2016 to drive out the Trump administration. Dix was also a member of the Black Workers Congress, the African Liberation Support Committee, and Vietnam Veterans Against the War.

Bob Avakian
Robert Bruce Avakian (born March 7, 1943) is an American political activist and Maoist philosopher who is the founder and chairman of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (RCP), which has been described as a cult of personality centered around Avakian.
FM Records LLC
FM Records LLC is an American-based record label specializing pop-reggae and dubstep music. FM Records is currently considered the market leader in pop-reggae recordings, having released albums and singles with Sinéad O'Connor, Musiq Soulchild, Syleena Johnson, Jon Secada, Sean Paul, Maxi Priest, Lee “Scratch” Perry, Inner Circle, Sean Paul, Marcia Griffiths, Cas Haley, Gregory Isaacs, Barrington Levy, JC Lodge, Sizzla, Chaka Demus & Pliers, Sister Nancy, Nadine Sutherland, Patra, Luciano, Ce'Cile, Beres Hammond,  Wayne Wonder and Gyptian, among many others. The company also is known for proliferating the pop-reggae genre within the British and Canadian music industries, releasing hit singles with Canadian pop/R&B celebrities Divine Brown, Jesse Giddings, Elaine Shepherd, Dru, Ammoye, and British recording stars Janet Kay, Carroll Thompson, Adele Harley, Maddy Carty, Peter Hunnigale, Savage and Peter Spence.

Jesse Giddings
Jesse Giddings is a Canadian television host, producer, musician, actor, former exotic dancer, artist and photographer born in Langley, British Columbia and went to high school at Langley Secondary School. He was formerly a VJ starting in 2009 at MuchMusic, a music television station in Canada and later a host on E! News in Los Angeles.
Xiangshuiosteus
Xiangshuiosteus wui is an extinct monospecific genus of brachythoracid arthrodire placoderm from the Late Emsian stage of the Early Devonian epoch, discovered in Wuding County of Yunnan province, China.  It has recently been reassessed as a dunkleosteid.

Wuding County
Wuding County (Chinese: 武定县; pinyin: Wǔdìng Xiàn; Chuxiong Yi script: , IPA: /lo33 di33 bu33/) is under the administration of the Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, in the north-central part of Yunnan province, China, bordering Sichuan province to the north. Wuding's county seat is located only 5 km from the seat of Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County. It is a centre for titanium production.

Wuding County borders Luquan County to the east, Fumin County and Lufeng, Yunnan to the south, Yuanmou County to the west, and Huili of Sichuan to the north.
Midnight Limited
Midnight Limited is a 1940 American mystery film directed by Howard Bretherton and written by Harrison Carter and Charles Williams. The film stars John 'Dusty' King, Marjorie Reynolds, George Cleveland, Edward Keane, Monte Collins and I. Stanford Jolley. It was released on March 20, 1940 by Monogram Pictures.

Monte Collins
Monte Collins (also credited as Monty Collins; December 3, 1898 – June 1, 1951) was an American film actor and screenwriter. He appeared in more than 160 films between 1920 and 1948. He also wrote for 32 films between 1930 and 1951.
21 cm RK L/19
The 21 cm RK L/19 was the later name of a rifled breech loader gun of the Prussian Navy. This gun started with a massive gun barrel, cast from steel in one piece. In 1868 a built-up gun barrel version was tested in Prussia and found to be much more powerful. Many of the massive guns were then changed to built-up guns. These changed guns became known as kurze Ring Kanone, and later as 21 cm Ring Kanone L/19.

Built-up gun
A built-up gun is artillery with a specially reinforced barrel.  An inner tube of metal stretches within its elastic limit under the pressure of confined powder gases to transmit stress to outer cylinders that are under tension.  Concentric metal cylinders or wire windings are assembled to minimize the weight required to resist the pressure of powder gases pushing a projectile out of the barrel.  Built-up construction was the norm for guns mounted aboard 20th century dreadnoughts and contemporary railway guns, coastal artillery, and siege guns through World War II.
Quantum boomerang effect
The quantum boomerang effect is a quantum mechanical phenomenon whereby wavepackets launched through disordered media return, on average, to their starting points, as a consequence of Anderson localization and the inherent symmetries of the system. At early times, the initial parity asymmetry of the nonzero momentum leads to asymmetric behavior: nonzero displacement of the wavepackets from their origin. At long times, inherent time-reversal symmetry and the confining effects of Anderson localization lead to correspondingly symmetric behavior: both zero final velocity and zero final displacement.

T-symmetry
T-symmetry or time reversal symmetry is the theoretical symmetry of physical laws under the transformation of time reversal,

Since the second law of thermodynamics states that entropy increases as time flows toward the future, in general, the macroscopic universe does not show symmetry under time reversal. In other words, time is said to be non-symmetric, or asymmetric, except for special equilibrium states when the second law of thermodynamics predicts the time symmetry to hold. However, quantum noninvasive measurements are predicted to violate time symmetry even in equilibrium, contrary to their classical counterparts, although this has not yet been experimentally confirmed.

Time asymmetries (see Arrow of time) generally are caused by one of three categories:

intrinsic to the dynamic physical law (e.g., for the weak force)

due to the initial conditions of the universe (e.g., for the second law of thermodynamics)

due to measurements (e.g., for the noninvasive measurements)
Medicine wheel (symbol)
The modern medicine wheel symbol was invented as a teaching tool in about 1972 by Charles Storm, aka Arthur C. Storm, writing under the name Hyemeyohsts Storm, in his book Seven Arrows and further expanded upon in his book Lightningbolt.: 5,168  It has since been used by various people to symbolize a variety of concepts, some based on Native American religions, others newly invented and of more New Age orientation.: 5,7,181–183,187–189,193,218–219 : 200  It is also a common symbol in some pan-Indian and twelve-step recovery groups.

Pretendian
"Pretendian" is a pejorative colloquialism for a person who engages in Indigenous identity fraud. A pretendian is a non-Indigenous person who falsely and publicly claims an Indigenous identity. The word "pretendian" is a portmanteau of the words "pretend" and "Indian".
Brian George Hewitt
Brian George Hewitt, FBA (born 11 November 1949) is an English academic linguist who is Emeritus Professor of Caucasian languages as the School of Oriental and African Studies (Soas), University of London. Since 1993, he has been the Honorary Consul of the self-proclaimed Republic of Abkhazia in Great Britain, despite the fact that the Great Britain does not actually recognizes Abkhazia and that the British Foreign Office requested him not to use this title.

Languages of the Caucasus
The Caucasian languages comprise a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains, which lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.

Linguistic comparison allows the classification of these languages into several language families, with little or no discernible affinity to each other. However, the languages of the Caucasus are sometimes mistakenly referred to as a family of languages. According to Asya Pereltsvaig, "grammatical differences between the three groups of languages are considerable. [...] These differences force the more conservative historical linguistics to treat the three language families of the Caucasus as unrelated."
Ryszard Rotkiewicz
Ryszard Rotkiewicz (Polish: [ˈrɘ̟.ʂart rɔtˈkjɛ.vit͡ʂ]; born 17 May 1938) is a Polish politician and local activist. He was the mayor of Szczecin from 1984 to 1990, and the deputy voivode of the Szczecin Voivodeship from 1981 to 1984.

Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998)
The Szczecin Voivodeship was a voivodeship (province) of the Polish People's Republic from 1975 to 1989, and the Third Polish Republic from 1989 to 1998. Its capital was Szczecin, and it was centered on the western Farther Pomerania. It was established on 1 June 1975, from the part of the Szczecin Voivodeship, and existed until 31 December 1998, when it was incorporated into then-established West Pomeranian Voivodeship.
Oregon's 57th House district
District 57 of the Oregon House of Representatives is one of 60 House legislative districts in the state of Oregon. As of 2021, the boundary for the district includes all of Gilliam, Morrow, Sherman, and Wheeler counties and portions of Clackamas, Jefferson, Marion, Umatilla and Wasco counties. The district includes Mt. Jefferson and the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. The current representative for the district is Republican Greg Smith of Heppner.

Oregon House of Representatives
The Oregon House of Representatives is the lower house of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, the upper house being the Oregon State Senate. There are 60 members of the House, representing 60 districts across the state, each with a population of approximately 65,000. The House meets in the west wing of the Oregon State Capitol in Salem.

Members of the House serve two-year terms without term limits. In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court struck down Oregon Ballot Measure 3 (1992), that had restricted State Representatives to three terms (six years) on procedural grounds.

In the current legislative session, Democrats have 37 seats, a slim 2 seat supermajority, while the Republicans have a minority of 23 seats.
Rustem Umerov
Rustem Enverovych Umerov (Ukrainian: Рустем Енверович Умєров, Crimean Tatar: Rüstem Enver oğlu Ümerov; born 19 April 1982) is a Ukrainian politician, businessman, investor, philanthropist and has served as the Secretary of the National Security and Defence Council since 18 July 2025. Previously, he has served as the Minister of Defence of Ukraine from 2023 to 2025. He is also a member of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

Umerov is a former deputy head of the permanent delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, a delegate of the Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People, and an adviser to former Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People chair Mustafa Dzhemilev. Since December 2020, Umerov has also co-chaired the Crimea Platform diplomatic initiative. In September 2023, amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy named Umerov to replace Oleksii Reznikov as defense minister of Ukraine.

Ahtem Chiygoz
Ahtem Chiygoz (Crimean Tatar: Ахтем Зейтулла огълу Чийгоз, romanized: Ahtem Zeytulla oğlu Çiygoz; Ukrainian: Ахтем Зейтуллайович Чийгоз, romanized: Achtem Zejtullajovyč Čyjhoz; born 14 December 1964) is a Crimean Tatar politician. He is the Deputy Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, a People's Deputy of Ukraine in the current convocation, Chairman of the Bakhchysaray regional Mejlis, and delegate to the Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People.
John Andrew Fredrick
John Andrew Fredrick (born August 29, 1957, in Richmond, Virginia) is a singer, songwriter, vocalist, and novelist. He is a member of The Black Watch, an indie rock band, and is the author of four works of comic fiction and one book of film criticism. He earned a Ph.D. from UC Santa Barbara in 1985.   Fredrick has taught Writing About Film and Literature as well as Freshman English at UCSB, the University of Southern California, Loyola Marymount University, and Santa Monica College.

He lives in Angelino Heights, Los Angeles.  His abstract paintings of "Great Books" are on display at Santa Monica College in Drescher Hall.

Santa Monica College
Santa Monica College (SMC) is a public community college in Santa Monica, California. Founded as a junior college in 1929, SMC enrolls over 30,000 students in more than 90 fields of study. The college initially served pre-college high school students, eventually expanding its enrollment to educate college-age and non-traditional students with the intention to transfer to a four-year university. The college has high transfer rates to four-year universities such as the University of California and California State University campuses, being a leader among state community colleges in transfers to the former.
Pankow (locality)
Pankow (German: [ˈpaŋkoː] ⓘ) is a locality (Ortsteil) of Berlin in the district (Bezirk) of Pankow. Until 2001 it was an autonomous district with the localities of Karow, Niederschönhausen, Wilhelmsruh, Rosenthal, Blankenfelde, Buch and Französisch Buchholz.

Buch (Berlin)
Buch (German: [buːx] ⓘ) is a German locality (Ortsteil) within the Berlin borough (Bezirk) of Pankow. Situated on the Panke river, it is the city's northernmost quarter, chiefly known for its historic village centre and extended hospital premises.
Perry Kitchen
Perry Allen Kitchen (born February 29, 1992) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a defensive midfielder.

Kitchen was part of the Akron Zips side that won the 2010 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship, and was a first round draft pick (3rd overall) for D.C. United in the 2011 MLS SuperDraft. He played 187 total games and scored 10 goals for D.C., and won the 2013 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup. In March 2016, he moved to Heart of Midlothian of the Scottish Premiership, who appointed him their captain. After six months with Randers of the Danish Superliga, he returned to MLS with the LA Galaxy in January 2018. Three years later, he joined the Columbus Crew of the same league.

Kitchen was captain of the United States men's national under-17 soccer team at the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Nigeria. He made his senior international debut in February 2015 and was part of the squad that came fourth at the Copa América Centenario.

2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup
The 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup was the thirteenth tournament of the FIFA U-17 World Cup held in Nigeria from 24 October to 15 November 2009.

Switzerland won the tournament, beating the host team and holders, Nigeria, with a solitary 63rd-minute goal separating the two teams. The Golden Ball to the Best Player was given to Nigerian Sani Emmanuel; the Golden Shoe for top scorer was given to Spaniard Borja, with five goals (although he tied with Nigerian Sani Emmanuel, Uruguayan Sebastián Gallegos, and Swiss Haris Seferovic); the Golden Glove was given to Swiss Benjamin Siegrist; finally, the FIFA Fair Play Award was given to Nigeria.
Nancy Cox-McCormack
Nancy Cox-McCormack, later Cushman (August 15, 1885 – February 17, 1967), was an American sculptor, writer and socialite. Between 1910 and 1953 she sculpted bronze and terra cotta busts and bas reliefs of more than seventy sitters, including such notables as social reformer Jane Addams, lawyer Clarence Darrow, poet Ezra Pound, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera and Indian politician Mohandas K. Gandhi. Of the works she is known to have created, the location of only half is currently known.

Clarence Darrow
Clarence Seward Darrow (April 18, 1857 – March 13, 1938) was an American lawyer and politician who became famous in the 19th century for high-profile representations of trade union causes, and in the 20th century for several criminal matters, including the Leopold and Loeb murder trial, the Scopes "monkey" trial, and the Ossian Sweet defense. He was a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform. Darrow was also a well-known public speaker, debater, and writer.

Darrow is considered by some legal analysts and lawyers to be the greatest lawyer of the 20th century. He was posthumously inducted into the Trial Lawyer Hall of Fame. Called a "sophisticated country lawyer", Darrow's wit and eloquence made him one of the most prominent attorneys and civil libertarians in the nation.
Louis Kasekende
Louis A. Kasekende is a Ugandan economist, who serves as the executive director of the Macroeconomics and Financial Management, Institute of Eastern & Southern Africa (MEFMI), based in Harare, Zimbabwe, since 1 April 2021.

Before that, he served as the Deputy Governor of the Bank of Uganda, the country's central bank. He began his five-year term in this position on 18 January 2010. This marked the second time that he was appointed to this office, having served in the same capacity from 1999 until 2002.

Bank of Uganda
The Bank of Uganda (Swahili: Benki Kuu ya Uganda) is the central bank of Uganda. Established in 1966, by Act of Parliament, the bank is wholly owned by the government but is not a government department.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1343
United Nations Security Council resolution 1343, adopted unanimously on 7 March 2001, after recalling resolutions on Sierra Leone and the region, including resolutions 1132 (1997), 1171 (1998) and 1306 (2000), the Council demanded that Liberia end its support for rebels in Sierra Leone and threatened the imposition of wide-ranging sanctions unless the country complied with the Security Council.

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) urged the United Nations to delay the coming into force of the restrictions against Liberia. The sanctions came into effect in May 2001, after the Liberian government maintained contacts with rebels in Sierra Leone in violation of Security Council demands.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1132
United Nations Security Council resolution 1132, adopted on 8 October 1997, after expressing concern at the situation in Sierra Leone, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, imposed an oil and arms embargo on the country.
Supreme Confession
Supreme Confession (Italian: Suprema confessione, German: Die große Sünde) is a 1956 Italian-West German melodrama film directed by Sergio Corbucci and starring Anna Maria Ferrero, Massimo Serato and Sonja Ziemann.

Sonja Ziemann
Sonja Alice Selma Toni Ziemann (German: [ˈzɔnja ˈtsiːman] ⓘ; 8 February 1926 – 17 February 2020) was a German film and television actress. In the 1950s, she was among Germany's most prominent actresses, awarded the 1950 Bambi for appearing, together with Rudolf Prack, in Schwarzwaldmädel. From the 1960s, she turned to more serious acting in international films such as The Secret Ways. She played in several anti-war films such as Strafbataillon 999. She also appeared on stage and in television.
Superman & Lois season 3
The third season of the American television series Superman & Lois premiered on The CW on March 14, 2023. The series is based on the DC Comics characters Superman and Lois Lane created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. The season was produced by Berlanti Productions, and Warner Bros. Television.

The series stars Tyler Hoechlin and Elizabeth Tulloch as the titular characters, Clark Kent / Superman, a costumed superhero, and his wife, Lois Lane, the world's best and most famous reporter. Also returning are main cast members Alex Garfin, Erik Valdez, Inde Navarrette, Wolé Parks, Dylan Walsh, Emmanuelle Chriqui, Tayler Buck, and Sofia Hasmik. They are joined by Michael Bishop – replacing Jordan Elsass in the role of Jonathan Kent – and Chad L. Coleman. Superman & Lois was renewed for a fourth season in June 2023, which was later revealed to be its final season in November.

Alex Garfin
Alexander Garfin is an American actor. He voiced the character Linus in the 2015 animated comedy film The Peanuts Movie, and for his performance he received a 43rd Annie Awards nomination for Outstanding Achievement for Voice Acting in a Feature Production, and won the 2016 Young Entertainer Award - Best Young Ensemble Cast - Voice Over. In 2021, Garfin landed his breakthrough role as Jordan Kent, a son of Superman and Lois Lane, in the superhero drama television series Superman & Lois until 2024; for his performance, he was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor in a Television Series in 2022.
Pete Hurt
Pete Hurt (born September 22, 1956) is an American football coach.  He served as the head football coach at Samford University in  Homewood, Alabama from 1994 to 2001, compiling a record of 42–39–1.  Hurt has also been the head football coach at a number of high school in the state of Mississippi: Clinton High School from 2002 to 2004, Center High School from 2007 to 2010, Northwest Rankin High School from 2011 to 2013, and Olive Branch High School in 2016.

Northwest Rankin High School
Northwest Rankin High School is a suburban public high school located in Flowood, Mississippi, United States. The school serves grades 9-12 and is part of the Rankin County School District. The school's attendance was approximately 1,700 students at the 2018 campus census.

Plans for the construction of a new high school were approved by the Rankin County School District board. It was completed by the start of the 2021–2022 school year. Funding for this project was approved by the District's bond issue.