hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valaste Falls
Valaste Falls (Estonian: Valaste juga) is the highest waterfall in Estonia and neighboring regions (30.5 meters or 100 feet). It is located between Ontika and Valaste in Toila Parish of Ida-Viru County and is formed by Valaste Creek (Estonian: Valaste oja) as it flows over the Baltic Klint not far from the shore of the Gulf of Finland. It is a popular tourist attraction, with its spray freezing up in winter.

The site has a parking lot, some explanatory signs, and a trail using a double spiral staircase to reach the bottom of the cliff. Opposite the waterfall, a viewing platform has been built, and this offers views of the falls.

The platform was taken out of service and the stairs to it were closed in 2013. A new staircase with platforms and walkways to the shore of the Gulf of Finland was built and opened to the public in 2018.

Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland (Estonian: Soome laht; Finnish: Suomenlahti; Russian: Фи́нский зали́в, romanized: Finskiy zaliv; Swedish: Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland to the north and Estonia to the south, to Saint Petersburg—the second largest city of Russia—to the east, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the gulf belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbors are located there, including Primorsk. As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the gulf is of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf. Proposals for an undersea Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel through the gulf have been made.
1001 Nunakal
1001 Nunakal (transl. Thousand and One Lies), also known as Aayirathonnu Nunakal, is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language drama film directed by Thamar KV in his directorial debut and produced by Salim Ahamed. The film premiered in the Malayalam Cinema Today category at the 27th International Film Festival of Kerala in December 2022. The plot revolves around a group of friends who decide to play a game of truth or dare at a wedding anniversary party. Critics have noted the plot setting being similar to that of 2016 Italian film Perfect Strangers.

The film was officially announced in November 2021 by Salim Ahamed in the United Arab Emirates. Principal photography began in May 2022 and wrapped up in June 2022 in Ajman. The cinematography and editing were handled by Jithin Stanislaus and Nishadh Yusuf. The music is composed by Neha Nair and Yakzan Gary Pereira.

1001 Nunakal premiered on SonyLIV on 18 August 2023.

SonyLIV
Sony LIV is an Indian subscription video-on-demand over-the-top streaming service owned by Culver Max Entertainment. Sony LIV was introduced in 2013 as the first OTT service in India. As a streaming service, it provides live sports, original titles, other content titles from its own networks and content titles in India licensed from third-parties such as JioHotstar, Netflix among others. The Sony LIV content library includes films, TV shows and series, and sports.
Maximilian Arnold
Maximilian Arnold (born 27 May 1994) is a German professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Bundesliga club VfL Wolfsburg, which he captains. An academy graduate of Wolfsburg, Arnold became the club's youngest ever debutant in 2011 and has since made over 300 league appearances for the club.

VfL Wolfsburg
Verein für Leibesübungen Wolfsburg e. V., commonly known as VfL Wolfsburg (pronounced [ˌfaʊ ʔɛf ʔɛl ˈvɔlfsbʊɐ̯k]), is a German professional sports club based in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony. The club grew out of a multi-sports club for Volkswagen workers in the city of Wolfsburg. It is best known for its football department, but other departments include badminton, handball and athletics.

The men's professional football team play in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. Wolfsburg have won the Bundesliga once in their history, in the 2008–09 season, the DFB-Pokal in 2015 and the DFL-Supercup in 2015.

Professional football is run by the spin-off organization VfL Wolfsburg-Fußball GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. Since 2002, Wolfsburg's stadium is the Volkswagen Arena.
Wooster Collective
Wooster Collective is a website founded in 2003 that showcases street art from around the world. The New York Times called it "a leading street-art blog." It features ephemeral art placed on streets in cities around the world. The site also offers podcasting with music and interviews featuring street artists. The name Wooster comes from Wooster Street, located in the SoHo neighborhood of New York City.

The website's archive starts in January 2003, and the category list is over 100 items long.  Categories include entries as "Cardboard" art and "Guerrilla gardening", as well as locations with a street art presence such as Tokyo, Dublin and Milwaukee.  It also contains interviews of street artists, with reviews of artists' new work or of recent gallery exhibits.

Street art
Street art is visual art created in public locations for public visibility. It has been associated with the terms "independent art", "post-graffiti", "neo-graffiti" and guerrilla art.

Street art has evolved from the early forms of defiant graffiti into a more commercial form of art, as one of the main differences now lies with the messaging. Street art is often meant to provoke thought rather than rejection among the general audience through making its purpose more evident than that of graffiti. The issue of permission has also come at the heart of street art, as graffiti is usually done illegally, whereas street art can nowadays be the product of an agreement or even sometimes a commission. However, it remains different from traditional art exposed in public spaces by its explicit use of said space in the conception phase.
Regina Zernay Roberts
Regina Zernay Roberts is an American instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter. She is lead singer and bass player of Detroit Diesel Power. She played bass guitar and Moog synthesizer with Scarlet Fever, the all-female backing band that toured with Cee Lo Green during 2010 and 2011. She toured several years in the New Orleans cowpunk band, Cowboy Mouth; was founding bassist/singer of Los Angeles punk rock band Méchant; and was bassist for the hard rock band, Halfcocked.

Halfcocked
Halfcocked (also known as Half Cocked, Halfc*cked or Half-Cocked) was an American hard rock band. Influenced by 1970s hard rock and punk rock, along with 1980s glam metal, they started out in Boston in 1997 and signed with independent label Curve of the Earth Records. In 1999 the band placed third in the finals of the WBCN Rock & Roll Rumble, being the first "wild card" act to play in the finals. They signed with DreamWorks imprint Megatronic Records (headed by Powerman 5000 frontman Spider One) and moved to Los Angeles in 2000. After numerous delays, they released one final album—The Last Star—before splitting up in 2002.
Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus
Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus was an imperial Roman politician and Senator at the beginning of the 3rd century CE. Mucianus grew up in Verona. He may have been the son of Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus Manlius Carbo, Suffect Consul, likely under the emperor Commodus, and the grandson of Marcus Nonius Macrinus, Suffect Consul in 154 CE. His wife was Sextia Asinia Polla. Mucianus became an ordinary consul in 201 CE and, from 204 CE onwards, he became one of the quindecimviri sacris faciundis, a sacred priest in charge of the Sibylline Books. In Verona, he became a curator and patron.

Marcus Nonius Macrinus
Marcus Nonius Macrinus was a Roman senator and general during the reigns of the Emperors Antoninus Pius, Lucius Verus, and Marcus Aurelius. Macrinus was suffect consul in the nundinium of April–June 154 as the colleague of [Prifernius ?] Paetus.

According to his tomb's inscriptions, he was originally from Brescia (Brixia). He was an advisor to Marcus Aurelius. Nonius Macrinus served as legate of Pannonia Inferior (c. 152 – c. 154), Pannonia Superior, (c. 159 – c. 162) and proconsul of the Roman province of Asia (170/171).
Nigel Williams (Canadian football)
Nigel Williams (born August 16, 1971) is a Canadian former professional football player who was a wide receiver for eight seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Ottawa Rough Riders, Montreal Alouettes, Toronto Argonauts, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Edmonton Eskimos, and Ottawa Renegades. He played junior football in the Quebec Junior Football League and Ontario Football Conference. After stints on the practice rosters of both the Toronto Argonauts and Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Williams played in the CFL from 1995 to 2002. After a 1,000-yard season in 1998, he signed with the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL) but was released before the start of the regular season. He later served two tours of duty in the Canadian Armed Forces during the War in Afghanistan.

Quebec Junior Football League
The Quebec Junior Football League (QJFL) is a junior Canadian football competition held in Quebec, Canada, since 1970, as a successor to the Quebec Juvenile Football League. It began competition as a conference of the Canadian Junior Football League (CJFL), from which it eventually withdrew. Upon withdrawal from the CJFL, the QJFL incorporated teams from the Ottawa region in Ontario and created the league as it stands today. In one form or another, the QJFL can trace its roots back to 1908.  Annually the league awards the regular season champions the Cyril T. White Trophy, and the playoff champions the Joe Pistilli Cup, formerly known as the Manson Cup.
Naval Offices, Brisbane
Naval Offices is a heritage-listed office building at 3 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Department of Public Works and built from 1900 to 1901 by J Mason. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 March 2013.

Old Mineral House
Old Mineral House is a heritage-listed warehouse at 2 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built from 1888 to 1890s by William Anthony. It is also known as Smellie & Co Warehouse and the Industrial High School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.
StopFake
The StopFake website is a project of Ukrainian media NGO Media Reforms Center. It was founded in March 2014 by Ukrainian professors and students with the stated purpose of refuting Russian propaganda and fake news. It began as a Russian- and English-language fact-checking organization, and has grown to include a TV show broadcast on 30 local channels, a weekly radio show, and a strong social media following.

StopFake was founded as a volunteer effort, but by 2017 included paid employees on its team. It is largely funded by grants. It has received praise from other media outlets. In 2014 it received a BOBs award from Deutsche Welle and a Free Media Pioneer Award from the International Press Institute.

The BOBs (weblog award)
The BOBs (Best of the Blogs) is the world's largest international weblog competition, founded in 2004 and sponsored by Deutsche Welle, the German International Broadcasting Service.

Through the BOBs, Deutsche Welle focuses attention on the promotion of freedom of information and the press around the world. In cooperation with Reporters Without Borders, Deutsche Welle has presented a special award to bloggers promoting these specific ideals since 2005.

Weblogs, podcasts and videoblogs from all over the world can be submitted for the BOBs in one of the following 14 languages: Arabic, Chinese, German, English, French, Indonesian, Persian, Bengali, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish, Ukrainian, Hindi and Spanish.

The BOBs were last awarded in 2016.
Anna Samoylik
Anna Sergeevna Samoylik (Russian: А́нна Серге́евна Само́йлик) née Venevtseva (Russian: Вене́вцева) (born 28 August 1995 in Krasnoyarsk) is a Russian curler. She competes in mixed doubles curling on the World Curling Tour with teammate Mikhail Vaskov.

Samoylik played on the Russian Team at the 2019 Winter Universiade, in her hometown of Krasnoyarsk. As the alternate on the team skipped by Uliana Vasileva, she only saw ice time in one game, against Switzerland. The team took home the bronze medal.

On the World Curling Tour, she and partner Mikhail Vaskov won the 2021 MD Moscow Classic, and have been runners up at the 2021 WCT Arctic Cup, Sirius Cup and Pacific Cup Vladivostok. She was also the runner-up at the 2019 WCT Dutch Masters Mixed Doubles with partner Vasily Groshev.

Uliana Vasilyeva
Uliana Yuryevna Vasilyeva (Russian: Улья́на Ю́рьевна Васи́льева; born 31 July 1995) is a Russian curler. She played third for the Russian national women's curling team at the 2016 European Curling Championships, where she won a gold medal.
Rayleigh–Ritz method
The Rayleigh–Ritz method is a direct numerical method of approximating eigenvalues, originated in the context of solving physical boundary value problems and named after Lord Rayleigh and Walther Ritz.

In this method, an infinite-dimensional linear operator is approximated by a finite-dimensional compression, on which we can use an eigenvalue algorithm.

It is used in all applications that involve approximating eigenvalues and eigenvectors, often under different names. In quantum mechanics, where a system of particles is described using a Hamiltonian, the Ritz method uses trial wave functions to approximate the ground state eigenfunction with the lowest energy. In the finite element method context, mathematically the same algorithm is commonly called the Ritz-Galerkin method. The Rayleigh–Ritz method or Ritz method terminology is typical in mechanical and structural engineering to approximate the eigenmodes and resonant frequencies of a structure.

Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian of a system is an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy. Its spectrum, the system's energy spectrum or its set of energy eigenvalues, is the set of possible outcomes obtainable from a measurement of the system's total energy. Due to its close relation to the energy spectrum and time-evolution of a system, it is of fundamental importance in most formulations of quantum theory.

The Hamiltonian is named after William Rowan Hamilton, who developed a revolutionary reformulation of Newtonian mechanics, known as Hamiltonian mechanics, which was historically important to the development of quantum physics. Similar to vector notation, it is typically denoted by , where the hat indicates that it is an operator. It can also be written as  or .
2017 Advantage Cars Prague Open – Women's singles
The women's singles of the 2017 Advantage Cars Prague Open tournament was played on clay in Prague, Czech Republic.

Antonia Lottner was the defending champion, but chose not to participate.

Markéta Vondroušová won the title, defeating Karolína Muchová in the final, 7–5, 6–1.

2017 Advantage Cars Prague Open
The 2017 Advantage Cars Prague Open by Zenova was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 24th (men) and third (women) editions of the tournament and was part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour and the 13th edition of the women's tournament, this year as part of 2017 ITF Women's Circuit. It took place in Prague, Czech Republic, on 24–30 July 2017.
Kannaland Local Municipality
Kannaland Municipality (Afrikaans: Kannaland Munisipaliteit) is a local municipality located within the Garden Route District Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The municipal area is situated in the western part of the Little Karoo and includes the towns of Ladismith, Calitzdorp and Zoar. As of 2022, it has a population of 31,986.  Its municipality code is WC041.

Little Karoo
The Little Karoo, also known as the Klein Karoo, is a region in the south of the Western Cape province where ostrich farming was formerly practiced on a large scale. The area extends more or less from the Langeberg to the Swartberg. The Langeberg and the Outeniqua Mountains form the southern border of the area, the Swartberg the northern border. The main town is Oudtshoorn. Other towns/settlements in the area include: Ladismith, Calitzdorp, De Rust, as well as well-known mission stations such as Zoar, Amaliënstein, Barrydale and Dysselsdorp. Uniondale is the easternmost point of the area.

The area is mainly drained by the Gourits River, via its tributary the Olifants River. There are five island mountains in the region:Anysberg, Warmwaterberg, Touwsberg, Rooiberg, Gamkaberg, Kammanassieberg and Antoniesberg.
2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes
The 2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes, also known as the Osh riots, were clashes between ethnic Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in southern Kyrgyzstan, primarily in the cities of Osh and Jalal-Abad, in the aftermath of the ouster of former President Kurmanbek Bakiyev on 7 April. It is part of the larger Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010. Violence that started between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks on 19 May in Jalal-Abad escalated on 10 June in Osh.

The spreading of the violence required the Russian-endorsed interim government led by Roza Otunbayeva to declare a state of emergency on 12 June, in an attempt to take control of the situation. Uzbekistan launched a limited troop incursion early on, but withdrew and opened its borders to Uzbek refugees. The clashes killed nearly 420 people, mostly Uzbeks, and displaced another 80,000.

Kyrgyz people
The Kyrgyz people are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia. They primarily reside in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. A Kyrgyz diaspora is also found in Russia, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan. They speak the Kyrgyz language, which is the official language of Kyrgyzstan.

The earliest people known as "Kyrgyz" were the descendants of several Central Asian tribes, first emerging in western Mongolia around 201 BC. Modern Kyrgyz people are descended in part from the Yenisei Kyrgyz that lived in the Yenisey river valley in Siberia. The Kyrgyz people were constituents of the Tiele people, the Göktürks, and the Uyghur Khaganate before establishing the Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate in the 9th century, and later a Kyrgyz khanate in the 15th century.
Charles Daniel Marivate
Charles Daniel Marivate (11 July 1924 – 2 December 2019)  was a black South African physician who was active in the Ga-Rankuwa and Valdezia areas. He is known as the first medical practitioner in Ga-Rankuwa, serving surrounding areas, at a time when there were no medical services by the then Apartheid government, and few black physicians. He was a member of the first class (pioneer class) of black medical students at the Durban medical school, University of Natal. For his service to the medical profession, he received an honorary doctorate from the Medical University of South Africa, where he had been a part-time lecturer and chair of council as well.

Valdezia
Valdezia is a sprawling rural settlement situated at the foothills of the Soutpansberg mountain range in Louis Trichardt, Limpopo Province, South Africa. It was formerly known as Albasini before Swiss Missionaries renamed it Valdezia in 1875. The village itself was formally established in 1820 by Tsonga refugees who were fleeing despotic rule from Soshangane. It is roughly 10 km east of Elim Hospital in the Hlanganani district in the former Gazankulu homeland, South Africa. It was the site of a Swiss mission station, and it was named after the Swiss canton of Vaud. Valdezia's population, according to the official census of 2011, currently stands at between 7,600 and 8,000 people.  It is considered the birthplace of the written Tsonga language in South Africa.
Osman Đikić
Osman Đikić (Serbian Cyrillic: Осман Ђикић; 7 January 1879 – 30 March 1912) was a Serbian poet, dramatist and writer from Bosnia. He was born in Mostar, in Bosnia and Herzegovina under Austro-Hungarian occupation. He was educated in Belgrade, Constantinople and Vienna, where he graduated from the Trade Academy. He is penned several sevdalinka songs, including Đaurko mila, Ašik ostah na te oči and Đela Fato đela zlato.

Mostar
Mostar (pronounced [mǒstaːr] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the historical capital of Herzegovina.

Mostar is situated on the Neretva River and is the fifth-largest city in the country. Mostar was named after the bridge keepers (mostari) who guarded the Stari Most (Old Bridge) over the Neretva during the Ottoman era. The Old Bridge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most visited landmarks, and is considered an exemplary piece of Islamic architecture in the Balkans.
Hollywood-Monster
Hollywood-Monster (working title - released as Ghost Chase in the United States) is a 1987 horror comedy film directed by Roland Emmerich, about a film crew working in a haunted mansion. Emmerich's third film, it starred Jason Lively, Jill Whitlow, Paul Gleason, Chuck Mitchell, and Tim McDaniel. A co-production between West Germany and the United States, the film was released theatrically in Germany on June 25, 1987.

Paul Gleason
Paul Xavier Gleason (May 4, 1939 – May 27, 2006) was an American film and television actor.  He was known for his roles on television series such as All My Children and films such as The Breakfast Club, Trading Places, and Die Hard.
Abbāsi House
The Abbāsi House (Persian: خانه عباسیان) is a large historic house museum in Kashan, Iran. It was built during the late 18th century and belonged to a wealthy glass merchant. It is partly converted into a teahouse, a traditional restaurant, and a small shop. Other such houses, including the Borujerdi House and the Tabātabāei House, are located nearby.

Borujerdi House
The Borujerdi House (Persian: خانه بروجردی‌ها) is a historic house museum in Kashan, Iran. It was built in 1857 by architect Ustad Ali Maryam for the bride of Borujerdi, a wealthy merchant. The bride came from the affluent Tabātabāei family, for whom the architect had built the nearby Tabatabai House several years earlier.
Yacht Club Games
Yacht Club Games, LLC is an American independent video game development studio and publisher based in Los Angeles, California.  It was founded in 2011 by former WayForward Technologies director Sean Velasco. The company announced its first title, Shovel Knight, on March 14, 2013, and released it on June 26, 2014, after a successful Kickstarter campaign. In 2016, the company announced that it would start publishing games from other companies and that the first published game would be Azure Striker Gunvolt: Striker Pack, a compilation containing Azure Striker Gunvolt and Azure Striker Gunvolt 2, which was released later that year. Their second published title was Cyber Shadow, a game developed by Mechanical Head Studios, released in 2021. In February 2022, the company announced its second original title, Mina the Hollower.

WayForward
WayForward Technologies, Inc. is an American independent video game developer and publisher based in Valencia, California. Founded in March 1990 by technology entrepreneur Voldi Way, WayForward started by developing games for consoles such as the Super NES and Sega Genesis, as well as TV games and PC educational software. In 1997, they relaunched their video games arm, placing the company as a contractor for publishers and working on a variety of licensed assets.

The company has created a variety of original game properties such as their flagship Shantae series, including the first title in the series which appeared on the Game Boy Color and was published by Capcom. WayForward Technologies has worked on games for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, Nintendo 3DS and PlayStation Vita handheld consoles, WiiWare games for Nintendo's Wii and Wii U, Nintendo Switch consoles and games for PC and mobile phones.