hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
RF CMOS
RF CMOS is a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) technology that integrates radio-frequency (RF), analog and digital electronics on a mixed-signal CMOS (complementary MOS) RF circuit chip. It is widely used in modern wireless telecommunications, such as cellular networks, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS receivers, broadcasting, vehicular communication systems, and the radio transceivers in all modern mobile phones and wireless networking devices. RF CMOS technology was pioneered by Pakistani engineer Asad Ali Abidi at UCLA during the late 1980s to early 1990s, and helped bring about the wireless revolution with the introduction of digital signal processing in wireless communications. The development and design of RF CMOS devices was enabled by van der Ziel's FET RF noise model, which was published in the early 1960s and remained largely forgotten until the 1990s.

Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around 20 kHz to around 300 GHz. These are the frequencies at which energy from an oscillating current can radiate off a conductor into space as radio waves, so they are used in radio technology, among other uses.  Different sources specify different upper and lower bounds for the frequency range.
Jordy Searcy
Jordy Searcy is an American singer-songwriter based in Nashville, Tennessee. He began pursuing music by age 14 and saw early national success from a competitive run on season 7 of NBC's The Voice while attending college. He has since released three albums—Dark in the City (2018), Love? Songs (2020), and Daylight (2022)—which have seen viral success on social media. By 2022, he had written over 1,000 songs and amassed 51 million song streams. He has performed opening acts for artists such as Mat Kearney and Ben Rector, alongside a persistent touring base of about 150 shows nationwide per year.

Mat Kearney
Mathew William Kearney (/ˈkɑːrni/; born December 1, 1978) is an American musician born in Eugene, Oregon, and based in Nashville, Tennessee. So far, he has a total of five top 20 hits on the Adult Top 40 Chart.

Just Kids was released on February 24, 2015. The album's first single, "Heartbeat", was released on November 4, 2014. Crazytalk was released on May 4, 2018, and January Flower was released on Jan 29, 2021.
Wayne Artman
Wayne Artman (November 24, 1936 – November 9, 2006) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film The Witches of Eastwick. He worked on over 130 films between 1973 and 2000.

The Witches of Eastwick (film)
The Witches of Eastwick is a 1987 American dark fantasy comedy film directed by George Miller from a screenplay by Michael Cristofer, based on the 1984 novel by John Updike. It stars Jack Nicholson alongside Cher, Susan Sarandon, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Veronica Cartwright.

The film follows three best friends who are unaware that they are witches and that their regular meetings have formed an informal coven; the arrival in town of a mysterious man who starts courting them marks the start of a back-and-forth between him and the three women.

The film was a box office success and received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances, especially from Nicholson, but criticized the story.
Devin Dawson
Devin Dawson Durrett (born January 30, 1989) is an American country music singer and songwriter. He became known after filming a mashup of Taylor Swift songs with his fellow friend Louisa Wendorff on her YouTube channel, which gained popularity on YouTube. His debut single "All on Me" is also his first hit song. With the help of producer Jay Joyce, he signed to Warner Bros. Records in 2017. Dawson's "All on Me" has charted on the Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts.

Dawson was born in Orangevale, California. Before launching his solo career, he was the bass player for the deathcore band Shadow of the Colossus.

Dawson has also toured with Brett Eldredge, Tim McGraw and Faith Hill.

Dawson's debut album Dark Horse was released on January 19, 2018.

Dawson's band includes Austin Taylor Smith (guitar, vocals), Nick DiMaria (lead guitar), Sam Rodberg (bass guitar), and Kip Allen (drums).

Brett Eldredge
Brett Ryan Eldredge (born March 23, 1986) is an American country music singer, songwriter and record producer. Eldredge has had five No. 1 singles on the Billboard Country Airplay chart, three of which came from his debut album, Bring You Back: "Don't Ya", "Beat of the Music", and "Mean to Me".
Thunder, Lightning and Sunshine
Thunder, Lightning and Sunshine (German: Donner, Blitz und Sonnenschein) is a 1936 German comedy film directed by Erich Engels and starring Karl Valentin, Liesl Karlstadt and Ilse Petri. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Paul Markwitz and Heinrich Richter. It was shot at Terra Film's Marienfelde Studios in Berlin.

Karl Valentin
Karl Valentin (IPA: ['falɛntiːn], born Valentin Ludwig Fey; 4 June 1882 – 9 February 1948) was a Bavarian comedian. He had significant influence on German Weimar culture.  Valentin starred in many silent films in the 1920s, and was sometimes called the "Charlie Chaplin of Germany". His work has an essential influence on artists like Bertolt Brecht, Samuel Beckett, Loriot and Helge Schneider.
Blue Heartache
"Blue Heartache" is a song written by Paul Craft. It has been recorded by numerous musical artists in several different genres and formats, most notably by the Osborne Brothers in 1973 and Gail Davies in 1979.

Gail Davies
Gail Davies (born Patricia Gail Dickerson; June 5, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and the first female record producer in country music. She is the daughter of country singer Tex Dickerson and the sister of songwriter Ron Davies.

Gail Davies established herself as a successful singer and songwriter during the 1970s and 1980s, scoring numerous top-10 and -20 Billboard hits. She was one of country music's most influential artists, becoming the genre's first female record producer. She has been cited as a role model for other female singers, including Suzy Bogguss, Kathy Mattea, Mary Chapin Carpenter, and Pam Tillis.
2658 Gingerich
2658 Gingerich, provisional designation 1980 CK, is a background asteroid and a suspected synchronous binary system from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers (8 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 13 February 1980, by astronomers of the Harvard College Observatory at the George R. Agassiz Station near Harvard, Massachusetts, in the United States. The presumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 2.9 hours. It was named after Harvard astronomer Owen Gingerich.

C-type asteroid
C-type (carbonaceous /ˌkɑːrbəˈneɪʃəs/) asteroids are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low albedo because their composition includes a large amount of carbon, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about 1.7 g/cm3.

They lie most often at the outer edge of the asteroid belt, 3.5 au (520 million km; 330 million mi) from the Sun, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence less detectable) than most other asteroid types, except for D-types and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
1989 Ugandan general election
General elections were held in Uganda between 11 and 28 February 1989 to elect members to the National Resistance Council, a legislative body established following the 1986 takeover of power by the National Resistance Movement (NRM) led by President Yoweri Museveni. The first elections since 1980, they saw 278 members elected, of which 210 were independents.

1980 Ugandan general election
General elections were held in Uganda on 10 and 11 December 1980. They followed the overthrow of Idi Amin the previous year and were the first since the pre-independence elections in 1962. The result was a victory for the Uganda People's Congress (UPC) of President Milton Obote, which won 75 of the 126 seats. Voter turnout was 85%.

The UPC was the only party to contest all 126 seats, and its candidates were returned unopposed in seventeen constituencies.  The opposition claimed that the UPC had only won through widespread fraud. Several opposition groups united as the National Resistance Army (NRA) under the leadership of Yoweri Museveni to start an armed uprising against Obote's government on 6 February 1981.
Upper Ivory Coast
Upper Ivory Coast (French: Haute-Côte d'Ivoire) was an administrative region within the French colony of Ivory Coast, French West Africa from 1938 to 1947, consisting of most territories that had previously belonged to the colony of Upper Volta (present-day Burkina Faso). The headquarters of the Upper Ivory Coast administrative region were at first in Ouagadougou but were later moved to Bobo Dioulasso. Tens of thousands of forced labourers were brought from Upper Ivory Coast to plantations in the southern areas of the colony, through a supposedly voluntary recruitment scheme. The dominant group in Upper Ivory Coast society, the Mossi aristocracy, resented the loss of Upper Volta as a separate colony and pressured French authorities to re-establish it.

French Upper Volta
Upper Volta (French: Haute-Volta) was a colony of French West Africa established in 1919 in the territory occupied by present-day Burkina Faso. It was formed from territories that had been part of the colonies of Upper Senegal and Niger and the Côte d'Ivoire. The colony was dissolved on 5 September 1932, with parts being administered by the Côte d'Ivoire, French Sudan and the Colony of Niger.

After World War II, on 4 September 1947, the colony was revived as a part of the French Union, with its previous boundaries. On 11 December 1958, it was reconstituted as the self-governing Republic of Upper Volta within the French Community, and two years later on 5 August 1960, it attained full independence. On 4 August 1984, the name was changed to Burkina Faso.

The name Upper Volta indicates that the country contains the upper part of the Volta River. The river is divided into three parts, called the Black Volta, White Volta and Red Volta.
Lan Samantha Chang
Lan Samantha Chang (Chinese: 張嵐; pinyin: Zhāng Lán; born 1965) is an American novelist and short story writer. She is the author of the novel The Family Chao and short story collection Hunger. For her fiction, which explores Chinese American and Taiwanese American experiences, she is a recipient of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Berlin Prize, the PEN Open Book Award and the Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award.

She is the Elizabeth M. Stanley Professor in the Arts at the University of Iowa and the Director of the Iowa Writers' Workshop since 2005. She is the first woman, and the first Asian American, to hold the position.

Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award
The Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award was an award given annually to beginning women writers.  Established in 1995 by American author Rona Jaffe, the Foundation offers grants to writers of poetry, fiction, and creative nonfiction. The award was discontinued in March 2021; the foundation cited the high cost of administering the award as the main factor.

Recipients of the award were selected through nominations only.  Past recipients include Aryn Kyle, Emily Rapp, and ZZ Packer.
Rey Azúcar
Rey Azúcar (Spanish for Sugar King) is the tenth album by Argentine band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs. It was produced by Tina Weymouth and Chris Frantz of Talking Heads, and contained guest appearances from punk icons Mick Jones of The Clash (on "Mal Bicho") and Blondie's Debbie Harry (on a ska version of "Strawberry Fields Forever," sung in Spanish and English), as well as reggae star Big Youth on several tracks.
The album title comes from a line on the song "Las Venas Abiertas de América Latina". The song is based on Eduardo Galeano's book of the same title, which also contains a chapter called Rey Azúcar.

The original release as well as the remastering received platinum certifications.

Big Youth
Manley Augustus Buchanan (born 19 April 1949, Trenchtown, Kingston, Jamaica), better known as Big Youth (sometimes called Jah Youth), is a Jamaican deejay, mostly known for his work during the 1970s.

He commented, "Deejays were closest to the people because there wasn't any kind of establishment control on the sound systems".
Amtkeli
Amtkeli (Georgian: ამტყელი Abkhaz: Амтҟьал) is a small river in north-western Georgia. It originates in the Caucasus Mountains, in the region of Upper Abkhazia, in the western part of the Chkhalta range near Amtkeli pass. It flows south to Lake Amtkeli and joins the Kodori River. Its catchment area is 398 square kilometres (154 sq mi).

The Amtkeli is fed by snow, rain and groundwater. Floods occur in late spring and summer, and the low flows occur in winter.

Kodori (river)
The Kodori (Georgian: კოდორი; Abkhaz: Кәыдры, romanized: Kwydry) is one of the two longest rivers of Abkhazia, along with the Bzyb. It is formed by the joining of the rivers Sakeni and Gvandra. The Kodori is first among Abkhazia's rivers with respect to average annual discharge at 144 cubic metres per second (5,100 cu ft/s) and drainage basin area at 2,051 square kilometres (792 sq mi). It is second after the Bzyb with respect to length at 105 kilometres (65 mi) when combined with the Sakeni.
It's Always Been You
"It's Always Been You" is a song by American contemporary Christian musician Phil Wickham. The song was released on May 14, 2021, by Fair Trade Services as the first promotional single from his eighth studio album, Hymn of Heaven (2021). Wickham co-wrote the song with Ran Jackson and Ricky Jackson. Ran Jackson and Ricky Jackson produced the song.

"It's Always Been You" peaked at No. 27 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart.

Hot Christian Songs
Hot Christian Songs is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States. It ranks the popularity of Christian songs using the same methodology developed for the Billboard Hot 100, the magazine's flagship songs chart, by incorporating data from the sales of downloads, streaming data, and airplay across all monitored radio stations.

From its inception in June 2003 through November 2013, the Hot Christian Songs chart ranked the top songs only by overall audience impressions of songs played on contemporary Christian music radio stations. Beginning with the chart dated December 7, 2013, the chart follows the same methodology used for the Hot 100 to compile its rankings. The Christian Airplay chart was created in unison with the change to continue to monitor airplay of songs on Christian radio.

The current number-one song on the chart as of the issue dated February 28 is "Hard Fought Hallelujah" by Brandon Lake.
Tasso J. Kaper
Tasso Joost Kaper (born June 25, 1964) is an American mathematician at Boston University, where he chairs the Department of Mathematics and Statistics. His research concerns dynamical systems and applied mathematics.

Kaper's father is Hans G. Kaper, a Dutch-born retired mathematician at Argonne National Laboratory.
Tasso Kaper did his undergraduate studies at the University of Chicago, graduating in 1986. He earned a Ph.D. in 1992 from the California Institute of Technology, under the supervision of Stephen Wiggins. On finishing his doctorate, he joined the faculty at Boston University, where he has remained. He was editor-in-chief of SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems from 2005 to 2011, when he became department chair.

In 2009, both Tasso and Hans Kaper were simultaneously honored as fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. In 2012, Kaper became one of the inaugural fellows of the American Mathematical Society.

Stephen Wiggins
Stephen Ray Wiggins (born 1959) is a Cherokee-American applied mathematics researcher and distinguished educator, also of British heritage, best known for his contributions in nonlinear dynamics, chaos theory and nonlinear phenomena. His wide contributions include Lagrangian aspects of fluid dynamics and reaction dynamics in theoretical chemistry.
Inverse vulcanization
Inverse vulcanization is a process that produces polysulfide polymers, which also contain some organic linkers.  In contrast, sulfur vulcanization produces material that is predominantly organic but has a small percentage of polysulfide crosslinks.

Polysulfide
Polysulfides are a class of chemical compounds derived from anionic chains of sulfur atoms. There are two main classes of polysulfides: inorganic and organic. The inorganic polysulfides have the general formula S2−n. These anions are the conjugate bases of polysulfanes H2Sn. Organic polysulfides generally have the formulae R1SnR2, where R is an alkyl or aryl group.
Desperate (Jamie MacDonald song)
"Desperate" is the debut single by American alternative pop musician Jamie MacDonald. The song was officially released as a single on January 3, 2025 (2025-01-03), through Capitol CMG.  It peaked at No. 10 on the Billboard Hot Christian Songs chart and No. 1 on the Christian Adult Contemporary chart. On June 6, 2025, an extended single was released, featuring four remixed or alternate recordings of the song.

On July 11, 2025, a rendition of the song featuring Lauren Daigle, was released.

Hot Christian Songs
Hot Christian Songs is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States. It ranks the popularity of Christian songs using the same methodology developed for the Billboard Hot 100, the magazine's flagship songs chart, by incorporating data from the sales of downloads, streaming data, and airplay across all monitored radio stations.

From its inception in June 2003 through November 2013, the Hot Christian Songs chart ranked the top songs only by overall audience impressions of songs played on contemporary Christian music radio stations. Beginning with the chart dated December 7, 2013, the chart follows the same methodology used for the Hot 100 to compile its rankings. The Christian Airplay chart was created in unison with the change to continue to monitor airplay of songs on Christian radio.

The current number-one song on the chart as of the issue dated February 28 is "Hard Fought Hallelujah" by Brandon Lake.
Lionel Beauxis
Lionel Beauxis (French pronunciation: [ljɔnɛl boksis]), born on 14 October 1985 in Tarbes (Hautes-Pyrénées), is a former French rugby union player who primarily played as a fly-half.

Beauxis began his career at Section Paloise and went on to play for Stade Français, Stade Toulousain, Union Bordeaux Bègles, Lyon OU, Oyonnax Rugby, and AS Béziers.

In 2006, he won the 2006 Under 21 Rugby World Championship, and he was a member of the France national rugby union team from 2007 to 2012, making a notable return for the 2018 Six Nations Championship. Renowned for his long and precise kicking abilities, Beauxis has made a significant impact in the world of rugby.

2006 Under 21 Rugby World Championship
The 2006 Under 21 Rugby World Championship was played in the Auvergne region of France throughout June 2006. The final was played between South Africa and France at the Stade Marcel-Michelin in Clermont-Ferrand, which saw France win 24–13.
806th Air Division
The 806th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force organization.  It was assigned to Second Air Force of Strategic Air Command at Chennault Air Force Base, Louisiana. where it was inactivated on 15 June 1960.

The division was activated to manage the two Strategic Air Command medium bombardment wings at Chennault in 1952.  Shortly after the division was activated, its mission changed from crew training to strategic bombardment, originally with Boeing B-29 Superfortresses, then with Boeing B-47 Stratojets.  It was inactivated with one of its wings, which left Chennault as a single wing base.

Second Air Force
The Second Air Force (2 AF; 2d Air Force in 1942) is a USAF numbered air force responsible for conducting basic military and technical training for Air Force enlisted members and non-flying officers.  In World War II the CONUS unit defended the Northwestern United States and Upper Great Plains regions and during the Cold War, was Strategic Air Command unit with strategic bombers and missiles. Elements of Second Air Force engaged in combat operations during the Korean War; Vietnam War, as well as Operation Desert Storm.
Rubredoxin
Rubredoxins are a class of low-molecular-weight iron-containing proteins found in sulfur-metabolizing bacteria and archaea. Sometimes rubredoxins are classified as iron-sulfur proteins; however, in contrast to iron-sulfur proteins, rubredoxins do not contain inorganic sulfide. Like cytochromes, ferredoxins and Rieske proteins, rubredoxins are thought to participate in electron transfer in biological systems. Recent work in bacteria and algae have led to the hypothesis that some rubredoxins may instead have a role in delivering iron to metalloproteins.

Electron transfer
Electron transfer (ET) occurs when an electron relocates from an atom, ion, or molecule, to another such chemical entity. ET describes the mechanism by which electrons are transferred in redox reactions.

Electrochemical processes are ET reactions. ET reactions are relevant to photosynthesis and respiration and commonly involve transition metal complexes. In organic chemistry ET is a step in some industrial polymerization reactions. It is foundational to photoredox catalysis.
Carmenta chromolaenae
Carmenta chromolaenae is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is native to Venezuela, but was introduced to South Africa for the biological control of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata).

The length of the forewings is 4–7 mm.

The larvae feed on Chromolaena odorata.

Chromolaena odorata
Chromolaena odorata is also known as jack in the bush. It is a tropical and subtropical  species of flowering shrub in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the Americas, from Florida and Texas in the United States south through Mexico and the Caribbean to South America. It has been introduced to tropical Asia, West Africa, and parts of Australia.
Erisbel Arruebarrena
Bárbaro Erisbel Arruebarrena Escalante (/ˈɛərɪzbɛl ˈʌruːbɑːreɪnə/; born March 25, 1990) is a Cuban professional baseball shortstop for the Algodoneros de Guasave of the Mexican Pacific League and the Cocodrilos de Matanzas of the Cuban National Series. Arruebarrena played for Cienfuegos in the CNS from 2008 through 2012, and played for the Cuba national baseball team in international competition, before defecting from Cuba in 2013 to pursue a Major League Baseball (MLB) career. He played in MLB with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2014 before a poor attitude and various violations of team rules led to his banishment to the low minors and eventual release. In 2019, he became the first ex-MLB player to return to the Cuban baseball league system after defecting from the country.

Cuban National Series
The Cuban National Series (Spanish: Serie Nacional de Béisbol, or SNB) is a domestic baseball competition in Cuba. Formed after the dissolution of the Cuban League in the wake of the Cuban Revolution, the National Series is a part of the Cuban baseball league system.

For most of its existence, the National Series has existed as the top-level winter league in Cuba. From 2022 to 2024, it operated as a summer league, with the top six National Series teams qualifying for the Cuban Elite League (LEB). Starting with the 2025–26 season, SNB will return to a winter league schedule, while still qualifying teams to the LEB.