hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward G. Loring
Edward Greely Loring (January 28, 1802 – June 18, 1890) was a Judge of Probate in Massachusetts, a United States Commissioner of the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts and a judge of the Court of Claims. He was reviled in Massachusetts and much of the North for his ordering the return of fugitive slaves Thomas Sims and Anthony Burns to slavery in compliance with the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. His action would result in his being removed as Judge of Probate.

United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
The United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (in case citations, D. Mass.) is the federal district court whose territorial jurisdiction is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States.  The first court session was held in Boston in 1789.  The second term was held in Salem in 1790 and court session locations alternated between the two cities until 1813.  That year, Boston became the court's permanent home. A western division was opened in Springfield in 1979 and a central division was opened in Worcester in 1987.  The court's main building is the John Joseph Moakley Federal Courthouse on Fan Pier in South Boston.

Appeals from the District of Massachusetts are heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, also located in the Moakley courthouse (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
Zavalaz
Zavalaz is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2013. It features singer and guitarist Cedric Bixler-Zavala, guitarist Dan Elkan, bassist Juan Alderete and drummer Gregory Rogove.

Gregory Rogove
Gregory Samuel Rogove is an American drummer and songwriter. He is notable for partnering with indie artist Devendra Banhart to form the group Megapuss. He signed a record contract with Knitting Factory Records in 2011.
Emily Durgin
Emily Durgin is an American distance runner who competes professionally for Adidas. A native of Standish, Maine, she had a decorated high school running career at Bonny Eagle High School and then Cheverus High School before competing collegiately for the University of Connecticut. As of February 2025, she ranks in the top 10 all time for American women at the half marathon distance. Durgin placed 9th at the 2024 United States Olympic Trials (marathon).

2024 United States Olympic trials (marathon)
The 2024 U.S. Olympic Team Trials – Marathon was held on Saturday, February 3, 2024, in Orlando, Florida, to determine the American athletes who will compete in the marathon event at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. The race was hosted by the city of Orlando, in partnership with Orange County, Track Shack Events, the Greater Orlando Sports Commission, USA Track & Field, and the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee.
British Association for Slavonic & East European Studies
The British Association for Slavonic and East European Studies (BASEES) is a learned society in the United Kingdom dedicated to promoting the study of Russia, Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is a member of the Academy of Social Sciences.

It was formed in 1988 or 1989 through a merger of the British Universities Association of Slavists (BUAS; created 1956) and the National Association for Soviet and East European Studies (NASEES; created 1967, funded by the Ford Foundation and Shell), two founding members of the International Council for Central and East European Studies. Its first president until 1991 was the economist and foreign policy adviser Michael Kaser, who had also initially chaired the NASEES from 1967 to 1973. Until 1992, it was called the British Association for Soviet, Slavonic and East European Studies (BASSEES).

Academy of Social Sciences
The Academy of Social Sciences (AcSS) is a representative body for social sciences in the United Kingdom. The academy promotes social science through its sponsorship of the Campaign for Social Science, its links with Government on a variety of matters, and its own policy work in issuing public comment, responding to official consultations, and organising meetings and events about social science. It confers the title of Fellow upon nominated social scientists following a process of peer review. The academy comprises over 1000 fellows and 41 learned societies based in the UK and Europe.
Shoryuhai
The Harvard Invitational Shoryuhai Intercollegiate Kendo Tournament, or Shoryuhai (昇龍杯, Shōryuhai)  for short, is the oldest intercollegiate kendo tournament in North America. Now in its 28th year, the Shoryuhai is hosted annually by the Harvard Radcliffe Kendo Club each spring. The 2026 tournament held March 21 and 22, 2026. Teams come from all over North America and Europe, including teams from Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The tournament is held in the Harvard University Malkin Athletic Center basketball court.  The fundamental purpose of the Shoryuhai is to promote kendo at the collegiate level.

Kendo
Kendo (Japanese: 剣道, Hepburn: Kendō; lit. 'sword way'  or 'sword path'  or 'way of the sword') is a modern Japanese martial art, descended from kenjutsu (one of the old Japanese martial arts, swordsmanship), that uses bamboo swords (shinai) as well as protective armor (bōgu). It began as samurai warriors' customary swordsmanship exercises, and today, it is widely practiced within Japan and has spread to many other nations across the world.
2015 Tour of Slovenia
The 2015 Tour of Slovenia (Slovene: Dirka po Sloveniji) was the 22nd edition of the Tour of Slovenia, categorized as 2.1 stage race (UCI Europe Tour) held between 18 and 21 June 2015. Primož Roglič won the overall classification, took the race lead on the penultimate stage to the Trije Kralji Ski Resort.

The race consisted of 4 stages with 534.8 km (332.3 mi) in total.

Trije Kralji Ski Resort
Trije Kralji Ski Resort is a Slovenian family ski resort located in western part of Pohorje mountain in municipality of Slovenska Bistrica. It's 18 km away from closest city Slovenska Bistrica.

Resort has two slopes, two lifts and together 1,5 km of skiing terrain and 4 km of cross-country skiing. There are plans to build a new chair-lift and two new slopes.
Galloping On
Galloping On is a 1925 American silent Western film directed by Richard Thorpe and starring Hal Taliaferro, Louise Lester, and Slim Whitaker. It was produced by the independent company Action Pictures. Location shooting took place around Julian, California.

Wally Wales
Floyd Taliaferro Alderson (November 13, 1895 – February 10, 1980) was an American film actor who specialized in westerns. After serving in the Great War, he began his career in the era of silent films, when he frequently used the name Wally Wales.

Although he transitioned to sound, he was given smaller parts, and used the name Hal Taliaferro. He appeared in more than 220 films between 1921 and 1964. He lived his later life in Montana at his family ranch.
Cariad Lake
Cariad Lake is a small lake in Cochrane District and Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in the James Bay drainage basin and is the source of Tomwool Creek. The nearest community is Bourkes, 11.5 kilometres (7 mi) to the east northeast.

Almost the entire lake is in geographic Black Township in the municipality of Black River-Matheson, Cochrane District; only a tiny sliver of southwest of the lake is in geographic Lee Township in the Unorganized West Part of Timiskaming District.

The lake is about 880 metres (2,890 ft) long and 300 metres (980 ft) wide. It has one unnamed island at the northwest. There is one unnamed inflow at the west. The primary outflow, at the southeast, is Tomwool Creek, which heads south to Verona Lake. Tomwwool Creek flows via Sarsfield Creek, Meyers Lake, Woollings Creek, the Whiteclay River, the Black River, the Abitibi River and the Moose River to James Bay.

Meyers Lake (Ontario)
Meyers Lake is a lake in Cochrane District and Timiskaming District, in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is in the James Bay drainage basin and the nearest community is Bourkes, 4.6 kilometres (2.9 mi) to the northeast.

The northern quarter of the lake is in geographic Black Township in the municipality of Black River-Matheson, Cochrane District; the rest of the lake is in geographic Lee Township in the Unorganized West Part of Timiskaming District.

The lake is about 1.91 kilometres (1.19 mi) long and 1.77 kilometres (1.10 mi) wide. It has three small, unnamed islands. The primary inflows are Sarsfield Creek at the west; Woollings Creek at northwest; and Benoit Creek at the northeast. There is one unnamed secondary inflow at the north. The primary outflow, at the east, is also Woollings Creek, which heads southeast to its mouth at Swan Lake. The latter lake empties via the Whiteclay River, the Black River, the Abitibi River and the Moose River to James Bay.
Fogo Natural Park
Fogo Natural Park (Portuguese: Parque Natural do Fogo) is a protected area located on Fogo Island in Cape Verde, an archipelago nation in the central Atlantic Ocean. Established in 2003, the park encompasses an area of 84.69 km2 (32.70 sq mi), representing 17.8% of the island's total landmass. It is geographically distributed across three municipalities in the region. The park incorporates the active stratovolcano of Pico do Fogo and the Monte Velha forests.

Fogo, Cape Verde
Fogo (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfoɡu]; Portuguese for "fire") is an island in the Sotavento group of Cape Verde in the central Atlantic Ocean. Its population is 35,837 (2015),: 36  with an area of 476 km2 (184 sq mi).: 25  It reaches the highest altitude of all the islands in Cape Verde, rising to 2,829 metres (9,281 feet) above sea level at the summit of its active volcano, Pico do Fogo.: 25
Xin Meng
Xin Meng (Chinese: 孟昕) FASSA is a Chinese economist and professor at the Research School of Economics, College of Business and Economics (CBE), Australian National University (ANU). She is also a member of the Association for Comparative Economic Studies, the American Economic Association, the Society of Labor Economics and Royal Economic Society. Her main research interests include Labour Economics, Development Economics, Applied Microeconomics and Economics of Education. She focuses on researching issues about the Chinese labour market during transition, the influence of corporations and gender discrimination, the economic assimilation of immigrants and the economic implications of major catastrophes. Meng was elected a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in 2008.

Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) is an independent, non-governmental organisation devoted to the advancement of knowledge and research in the social sciences. It has its origins in the Social Science Research Council of Australia, founded in 1942.

The Academy was established in 1971 to recognise and champion excellence in the social sciences and to provide evidence-based advice on a range of social policy issues.

The Academy consists of an elected Fellowship of almost 700 distinguished Australian social science researchers and professionals who work together to:

Provide advice to governments on issues of national importance;

Promote understanding and awareness of the social sciences; and

Coordinate international cooperation and collaboration in the social sciences.
Harvey Kushner
Harvey Wolf Kushner (born December 9, 1941) is an American scholar of global terrorism. Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice, The Roosevelt School, Long Island University, Brookville, New York. Author of numerous writings and five books on terrorism including the multi-award winning Encyclopedia of Terrorism (SAGE Publications). Chairman of the Praesidium and Academician of the European Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Member of the international editorial board of the American Behavioral Scientist.

Long Island University
Long Island University (LIU) is a private research university  in Brooklyn and Brookville, New York, United States. LIU is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity" according to the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.  The university enrolls over 16,000 students and offers over 500 academic programs at its main campuses, LIU Brooklyn and LIU Post on Long Island, in addition to non-residential locations and online. The LIU Sharks athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I as a Northeast Conference member. LIU hosts and sponsors the annual George Polk Awards in journalism.
Clitheroe Castle
Clitheroe Castle is a ruined early medieval castle in Clitheroe in the Borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England. It was the caput of the Honour of Clitheroe, a vast estate stretching along the western side of the Pennines.

Its earliest history is debated but it is thought to be of Norman origin, probably built in the twelfth century. Property of the de Lacy family, the honour later merged with the earldom and then Duchy of Lancaster. Given to George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle in 1660, the castle site remained in private ownership until 1920, when it was sold to the people of Clitheroe to create a war memorial. Today the buildings on the site are the home of Clitheroe Castle Museum.

The keep is the second smallest surviving stone-built keep in England. The castle was listed as a Scheduled Monument on 10 April 1915 (and later, under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 law). It was Grade I listed on 19 May 1950.

Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln
Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln (c. 1251 – February 1311), Baron of Pontefract, Lord of Bowland, Baron of Halton and hereditary Constable of Chester, was an English nobleman and confidant of King Edward I. He served Edward in Wales, France, and Scotland, both as a soldier and a diplomat. Through his mother he was a great-grandson of Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy. He is the addressee, or joint composer, of a poem (a tenson) by Walter of Bibbesworth about crusading, La pleinte par entre missire Henry de Lacy et sire Wauter de Bybelesworthe pur la croiserie en la terre seinte.
Sherry Appleton
Sherry Phyllis Appleton (née Tarpey, October 28, 1942 – October 19, 2023) was an American politician who was a member of the Democratic Party. She was a member of the Washington House of Representatives, representing the 23rd district from 2005 to 2021.

Washington House of Representatives
The Washington House of Representatives is the lower house of the Washington State Legislature, and along with the Washington State Senate makes up the legislature of the U.S. state of Washington. It is composed of 98 Representatives from 49 districts, each of which elects one Senator and two members of the House. They are elected to separate positions with the top-two primary system. All members of the House are elected to a two-year term without term limits. The House meets at the State Capitol in Olympia.
Lip lift
A lip lift is the most common plastic surgery procedure that modifies the cosmetic appearance of the lips, by reshaping them to increase the prominence of the vermilion border and to alter the facial area above the lips into a different shape. In corrective praxis, a lip lift procedure is distinguished from lip enhancement, the augmentation of the lips, which can be affected with a non-surgical procedure.

Plastic surgery
Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery covers a wide range of specialties, including craniofacial surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. This kind of surgery focuses on restoring a body part or improving its function. In contrast, cosmetic (or aesthetic) surgery focuses solely on improving the physical appearance of the body. A comprehensive definition of plastic surgery has never been established, because it has no distinct anatomical object and thus overlaps with practically all other surgical specialties. An essential feature of plastic surgery is that it involves the treatment of conditions that require or may require tissue relocation skills.
Ammerbuch
Ammerbuch (German pronunciation: [ˈamɐbuːx]) is a municipality in the district of Tübingen of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northwest of Tübingen and 345–551 metres (1,132–1,808 ft) above sea level. The name Ammerbuch is a portmanteau of the two locations between which the municipality is situated — Ammer Valley and the Schönbuch nature park.

The former municipal coat of arms shows, on a gold (yellow) field, a rooted green beech tree with a blue wave across its trunk. The tree symbolizes the Schönbuch park, the blue wave beam the Ammer River. The six aspiring branches and six roots of the beech represent the six villages that form Ammerbuch today.

Rottenburg am Neckar
Rottenburg am Neckar (German: [ˈʁɔtn̩bʊʁk ʔam ˈnɛkaʁ] ⓘ, lit. 'Rottenburg on the Neckar'; until 10 July 1964 only Rottenburg; Swabian: Raodaburg) is a medium-sized town in the administrative district (Landkreis) of Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It lies about 50 kilometres (31 miles) southwest of the provincial capital Stuttgart and about 12 km (7 mi) southwest of the district town Tübingen. Rottenburg is the second-largest town of the district after Tübingen and makes up a secondary centre for the surrounding community. Since 1 May 1972, Rottenburg am Neckar has been a district town (Große Kreisstadt). Rottenburg agreed to an administrative collective with the municipalities of Hirrlingen, Neustetten and Starzach.

Rottenburg is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop, being the official centre of the diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart. Moreover, it has a college of church music and a university of applied sciences (German Fachhochschule), specialising in forestry.
Walter Averill
Walter Wootton Averill (12 May 1895 – 18 November 1955) was an eminent Anglican priest in the mid-twentieth century New Zealand.

The eldest son of Alfred Averill, Archbishop of New Zealand, Walter was born at Christchurch, and became elder brother to Leslie Averill. He was educated at Christ's College, Christchurch, and trained for the ministry (with an interruption during the Great War) at St John's College, Auckland (gaining a University of New Zealand degree).

He was made deacon on 21 December 1923 and ordained priest on 21 December 1924, both times by his father, at Auckland. After a curacy in Cambridge he held incumbencies at Hauraki Plains (1926–1928), Ponsonby (2 February 1928 – 1945), Timaru (21 March 1945 – 1953) and Merivale (until his death). While at Ponsonby, he was also appointed a Canon of the cathedral and archdeacon (from 1938); in Timaru he became (additionally) Archdeacon of Timaru on 27 April 1945, holding that post until his arrival at Merivale.

St Mary's Cathedral, Auckland
St Mary's Cathedral Church, also known as St Mary's Church or St Mary's-in-Holy Trinity, is an Anglican church located in Parnell Road, Parnell, a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. The building served as the cathedral church and principal Anglican church of the Diocese of Auckland until 1973 when the chancel of Holy Trinity Cathedral, for which the foundation stone was laid in 1957, came into use.

This wooden Gothic Revival church was designed by the prominent Christchurch architect Benjamin Mountfort and completed in 1897. It replaced the earlier Old St Mary's Church. In 1982, St Mary's Church was moved across Parnell Road to its present site beside the Holy Trinity Cathedral. The church was registered by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust as a Category I building in 1981.
Second presidency of Lula da Silva
The second presidency of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva started on 1 January 2023, when he was inaugurated as the 39th President of Brazil. Lula was elected for a third term as President of Brazil on 30 October 2022, by obtaining 50.9% of the valid votes in the 2022 Brazilian general election, defeating incumbent Jair Bolsonaro. Lula is the first Brazilian president to ever be elected more than twice as well as being the oldest person to ever be elected president in Brazil.

2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit
The 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit (Portuguese: Cúpula do G20 Rio de Janeiro 2024) was the nineteenth meeting of Group of Twenty (G20), a Heads of State and Government meeting held at the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro from 18 to 19 November 2024. It was the first G20 summit to be hosted in Brazil. Additionally, It marked the first full G20 summit with the African Union as a member, following its inclusion during the previous summit in 2023.
Crescent Flats
Crescent Flats, also known as The Crescent, was an apartment building on Meyer Road in Katong, Singapore. Completed in 1912, it is believed to have been the first apartment building built in Singapore. Designed by Regent Alfred John Bidwell for Manasseh Meyer, both the building and the neighbouring Meyer Flats, built as a companion block, were demolished to make way for a condominium project.

Regent Alfred John Bidwell
Regent Alfred John Bidwell (12 June 1869 – 6 April 1918), also known as R. A. J. Bidwell, was an English-born architect noted for his colonial era buildings in Singapore. His best-known works include the Raffles Hotel and the Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall in Singapore and Sultan Abdul Samad Building in Kuala Lumpur.
Shoemaker–Houck Farm
The Shoemaker–Houck Farm is a historic 3.2-acre (1.3 ha) farmstead located on Haney's Mill-Wallpack Center Road south of the Wallpack Center section of Walpack Township in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 1979, for its significance in architecture and includes a farmhouse and barn. The farmstead is now part of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area.

Walpack Township, New Jersey
Walpack Township is a township in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 7, a decrease of 9 (−56.3%) from the 2010 census count of 16, which in turn reflected a decline of 34 (−82.9%) from the 41 counted in the 2000 census. Walpack Township was the smallest municipality by population and one of only four municipalities in New Jersey with a population under 100 as of the 2020 Census; it had the state's third-smallest population in the 2010 census, behind Tavistock (population 5) and the now-defunct Pine Valley (population 12), both in Camden County.

The township is named from a corruption of the Lenape Native American content word "wahlpeck," which means "turn-hole," or an eddy or whirlpool, a compound of two Native American words, "woa-lac" (a hole), and "tuppeck" (a pool), though other sources attribute the name to mean "very deep water" or "sudden bend of a stream around the base of a rock".