hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Trogonoptera brookiana
Trogonoptera brookiana, Rajah Brooke's birdwing, is a birdwing butterfly from the rainforests of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Natuna, Sumatra, and various small islands west of Sumatra (Banyak, Simeulue, Batu and Mentawai). The butterfly was named by the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1855, after James Brooke, the Rajah of Sarawak. The larval host plants are Aristolochia acuminata and A. foveolata. Adults sip flower nectar from plants such as Bauhinia. Rajah Brooke's birdwing is a protected species, listed under Appendix II of CITES, meaning that international export is restricted to those who have been granted a permit. It is the national butterfly of Malaysia.

CITES
CITES (shorter acronym for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals from the threats of international trade. It was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The convention was opened for signature in 1973 and CITES entered into force on 1 July 1975.

Its aim is to ensure that international trade (import/export) in specimens of animals and plants included under CITES does not threaten the survival of the species in the wild. This is achieved via a system of permits and certificates. CITES affords varying degrees of protection to more than 40,900 species.

As of December 2024, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.
Debeeriidae
Debeeriidae is a family of holocephalan fishes from the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous. It is the only family of the order Debeeriiformes. It is named after the type genus, Debeerius, which itself is named in honor of Gavin de Beer. Members of this family and order possess a spine on the first dorsal fin, an opercular cover over the gills, and an autodiastylic (two-jointed) jaw suspension. Both genera in the family are known from exceptionally well-preserved specimens found in the Bear Gulch Limestone member of the Heath Formation.

Debeerius
Debeerius is a genus of chondrichthyan from the Mississippian age Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana, United States. It is named after Gavin de Beer. One species, D. ellefseni, is known, which is preserved in very fine detail. Melanin preserved in fossils of D. ellefseni indicates it possessed dark stripes down the length of its body. The jaw suspension of Debeerius was autodiastylic (two jointed), and it is considered a member of the subclass Holocephali.
Rosapoo
Rosapoo (transl. Rose Flower) is a 2018 Malayalam-language comedy-drama film writte  and directed by Vinu Joseph. The film produced by Shibu Thameens stars Biju Menon and Neeraj Madhav in the lead roles along with Soubin Shahir, Anjali, Alencier Ley Lopez, and  Vijayaraghavan. The music is composed by Sushin Shyam.  It portrays the porn movie market that boomed in the 2000–2010 decade.

Sushin Shyam
Sushin Shyam is an Indian music composer, instrumentalist, and singer primarily associated with Malayalam cinema. He is also a founding member of the folk metal band The Down Troddence. He is known for his contributions to the films Varathan (2018), Kumbalangi Nights (2019), Minnal Murali (2021), Bheeshma Parvam (2022), Romancham (2023), Kannur Squad (2023), Manjummel Boys (2024) and Aavesham (2024). His work on Kumbalangi Nights earned him the Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director in 2019. In 2025 July 4th, he made his debut as an independent music artist with the music video Ray. He is a two-time winner of Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director, for Kumbalangi Nights in 2019 and Bougainvillea in 2024.
Kosala kingdom
Kosala is the kingdom of Rama mentioned in the Ramayana. Ayodhya was its capital and is now located in Uttar Pradesh. Rama's sons Lava and Kusha inherited parts of this kingdom. Lava ruled from the city called Shravasti, and Kusa from the city called Kushavati. A colony of Kosala kings existed in Madhya Pradesh. It was called Dakshina Kosala. Rama's mother Kausalya was from this kingdom. Rama extended his influence up to the island-kingdom of Lanka situated in the Indian Ocean. He had friendly relations with the southern kingdom of Kishkindha.

Nishadha king Nala's friend Rituparna was a ruler of Kosala. Brihadbala another ruler of Kosala during Dvapara Yuga, took part in Mahabharata war and was killed by Abhimanyu, the son of Arjuna.

An 1880 reference described Uttara Kosala was one of the five main divisions of the kingdom of Rama in prehistoric Awadh;  the region was described as corresponding to the modern trans-Ghaghra districts including Bahraich, Gonda, Basti and Gorakhpur.

Kaushalya
Kaushalya (Sanskrit: कौशल्या, IAST: Kauśalyā) is a queen of Kosala in the Hindu epic Ramayana. She is the first senior queen consort of Dasharatha, who ruled Kosala from its capital Ayodhya. She is the mother of Rama, the male protagonist of the epic. She is a secondary character in the Ramayana, so only aspects of her life are described in detail.
Home to Roost (short story)
"Home to Roost" is a Nero Wolfe mystery novella by Rex Stout, first published as "Nero Wolfe and the Communist Killer" in the January 1952 issue of The American Magazine. It first appeared in book form in the short-story collection Triple Jeopardy, published by the Viking Press in 1952. This novella and the 1949 novel The Second Confession are notable expressions of Stout's contempt for both Communism and McCarthyism.

Viking Press
Viking Press (formally Viking Penguin, also listed as Viking Books) is an American publishing company owned by Penguin Random House. It was founded in New York City on March 1, 1925, by Harold K. Guinzburg and George S. Oppenheimer and then acquired by the Penguin Group in 1975.

The publisher's name and logo, a Viking ship drawn by Rockwell Kent, were chosen as symbols of enterprise, adventure, and exploration in publishing.

Viking Press was sold to Penguin Books in 1975 for $12 million due to the publishing house's monetary difficulties. These were speculated to have been caused by the shrinkage in the juvenile market and Viking Press' lack of a textbook division.
Alan Pattillo
Alan Huchison Pattillo (17 July 1929 – 16 January 2020) was a British writer and director who worked on Supercar, Fireball XL5, Stingray, and Thunderbirds television series. He won an Emmy in 1979 alongside Bill Blunden for his film editing on All Quiet on the Western Front.

Pattillo died on 16 January 2020 at the age of 90 from complications of Parkinson's disease.

All Quiet on the Western Front (1979 film)
All Quiet on the Western Front is an epic anti-war television film produced by ITC Entertainment. It was released on November 14, 1979. Based on the 1929 book of the same name by Erich Maria Remarque, it stars Richard Thomas and Ernest Borgnine. Directed by Delbert Mann, this film is a joint British and American production for which most of the filming took place in Czechoslovakia.
Superman: Red Son (film)
Superman: Red Son is a 2020 American animated superhero film focusing on the DC Comics character Superman, and the 40th film of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies. The film is based on the 2003 comic book miniseries of the same name written by Mark Millar and pencilled by Dave Johnson, Andrew Robinson, Walden Wong and Killian Plunkett. In the film, instead of landing in Kansas after being shot away from a doomed Krypton, Superman lands in Ukraine and is raised on a kolkhoz. As he grows up, he is found by the Soviet Union authorities and pressed into service to Joseph Stalin himself.

It was released digitally on February 25, 2020 and was released on Ultra HD Blu-ray and Blu-ray on March 17. This was the final film of Jim Ward before his retirement in 2021 and passing in 2025.

Jim Ward (voice actor)
James Kevin Ward (May 19, 1959 – December 10, 2025) was an American voice actor and radio personality. He was best known for his roles as Doug Dimmadome and Chet Ubetcha in The Fairly OddParents (2001–2017), Captain Qwark in the Ratchet & Clank franchise (2002–2016), and XLR8, Diamondhead, and Wildvine in Ben 10 (2005–2008), as well as portraying Jack Krauser in Resident Evil 4 (2005). In radio, he was best known for his tenure on The Stephanie Miller Show.
Khmer sculpture
Khmer sculpture (Khmer: ចម្លាក់ខ្មែរ, Châmleăk Khmêr [cɑmˈlak kʰmae]) is the stone sculpture of the Khmer Empire, which ruled a territory based on modern Cambodia, but rather larger, from the 9th to the 13th century. The most celebrated examples are found in Angkor, which served as the seat of the empire.

Most of the sculpture is religious, reflecting the mixture of Hinduism and Buddhism followed in the empire. Large resources were devoted by the state to the erection of grand and highly decorated religious complexes, which often also serve to glorify the monarch.

There are several recognisable specific art styles of the Angkorian period:

Kulen style (c.825-875)

Koh Ker style (941–944)

Baphuon style (1010–1080)

Angkor Wat style (1100–1175)

Bayon style (late 12th to early 13th century)

Culture of Cambodia
Throughout Cambodia's long history, religion has been a major source of cultural inspiration.  Over nearly two millennia, Cambodians have developed a unique Cambodian culture and belief system from the syncreticism of indigenous animistic beliefs and the Indian religions of Buddhism and Hinduism. Cambodia's achievements in art, architectures, music, and dance from the 9th and 14th century have had a great influence on many neighboring kingdoms, namely Thailand and Laos. The effect of Khmer culture can still be seen today in those countries, as they share many close characteristics with current-day Cambodia. The Tai borrowed from the Khmer many elements of Indianized Khmer culture, including royal ceremonies, customs followed at the court, and especially the Indian epic Ramayana, which influenced not only literature but also classical dance. Even in modern Thai culture the legacy of ancient Khmer culture is still evident.
Reflector (Pablo Cruise album)
Reflector is the sixth studio album by the California soft rock group Pablo Cruise. The album charted slightly higher than its immediate predecessor, reaching No. 34 in the US. Two singles were released from the album — "Cool Love" and "Slip Away", reaching No. 13 and No. 75, respectively, in the US. Produced by established and well-known R&B producer Tom Dowd, fans remarked that the album had a different feel to it.

Two changes in members were made before the album was released. After just two albums, bassist and vocalist Bruce Day was replaced by John Pierce while additional guitarist Angelo Rossi was added. Furthermore, keyboardist Cory Lerios sang lead vocals on "This Time" and "Inside/Outside", something he had not done on previous albums.

Cory Lerios
Cory Charles Lerios (born February 12, 1951) is an American pianist and vocalist. He is a founding member of the platinum-record-selling soft rock band Pablo Cruise, and since the mid-1980s he has scored music for film and television.
Jean Sylvain Bailly
Jean Sylvain Bailly (French: [ʒɑ̃ silvɛ̃ baji]; 15 September 1736 – 12 November 1793) was a French astronomer, mathematician, freemason, and political leader of the early part of the French Revolution. He presided over the Tennis Court Oath, served as the mayor of Paris from 1789 to 1791, and was ultimately guillotined during the Reign of Terror.

Mayor (France)
In France, a mayor (French: maire, pronounced [mɛʁ] ⓘ) is chairperson of the municipal council, which organises the work and deliberates on municipal matters. The mayor also has significant powers and their own responsibilities, such as the responsibility for the activities of municipal police and for the management of municipal staff.

The officeholder is also the representative of the state in the commune. As such, the mayor is a civil officer of the State (Officier d'état civil) and judiciary police officer (Officier de police judiciaire). The term period of office for a mayor is six years.
Newt
A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae. The terrestrial juvenile phase is called an eft. Unlike other members of the family Salamandridae, newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Not all aquatic salamanders are considered newts, however. More than 100 known species of newts are found in North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia. Newts metamorphose through three distinct developmental life stages: aquatic larva, terrestrial juvenile (eft), and adult. Adult newts have lizard-like bodies and return to the water every year to breed, otherwise living in humid, cover-rich land habitats.

Newts are threatened by habitat loss, fragmentation and pollution. Several species are endangered, and at least one species, the Yunnan lake newt, has been considered extinct since 1979.

Pleurodeles
Pleurodeles is a genus of three species, the ribbed newts:

The Iberian ribbed newt is the most common of the three species, and the most frequently used as a model organism by scientists. However, its numbers in the wild are declining, and in 2006 it became a near threatened species. The other two species are in fact threatened, with P. nebulosus considered vulnerable to extinction and P. poireti classified as an endangered species. The numbers of all three species are declining in the wild. Livestock agriculture is an ongoing major cause of habitat loss and degradation, and of water pollution, for all three species.
Arthur Raley
The Reverend Arthur Raley MC (1889 – 11 June 1964) was a British soldier and priest.  He served as an officer in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment during World War I for which he was mentioned in despatches, awarded a Military Cross and the Croix de Guerre, as captain and subsequently major of his regiment.  After the war he was ordained in England and later became Chaplain to Royal Air Force Command during World War II where he held the relative rank of squadron leader and was again mentioned in despatches.  Prior to World War I, Raley worked on the Grenfell Mission in Labrador, Canada.

Labrador
Labrador (/ˈlæbrədɔːr/) is a geographic and cultural region within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  It is the primarily continental portion of the province and constitutes 71% of the province's area but is home to only 6% of its population. It is separated from the island of Newfoundland by the Strait of Belle Isle. It is the largest and northernmost geographical region in the four Atlantic provinces.

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is bordered to the west and south by the province of Quebec. Labrador also shares a small land border with the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island.

The indigenous peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern-Inuit of NunatuKavut, and the Innu of Nitassinan.
2002 Open 13
The 2002 Open 13 was a men's ATP tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the Palais des Sports de Marseille in Marseille in France and was part of the International Series of the 2002 ATP Tour. It was the tenth edition of the tournament and was held from 11 February until 17 February 2002. Unseeded Thomas Enqvist won the singles title.

Thomas Enqvist
Thomas Karl Johan Enqvist (born 13 March 1974) is a Swedish former professional tennis player. He reached the final of the 1999 Australian Open and won a total of 19 singles titles, including three Masters titles. He has a career high ATP world singles ranking of No. 4, achieved on 15 November 1999.
Heartbreak Motel
Heartbreak Motel is a 2024 romantic drama film directed by Angga Dwimas Sasongko from a screenplay he wrote with Alim Sudio, based on the 2022 novel by Ika Natassa. It stars Laura Basuki, Reza Rahadian, and Chicco Jerikho. It was released on 1 August 2024 in Indonesian theatres. It received five nominations at the 2024 Indonesian Film Festival, including Best Actress (Basuki).

Reza Rahadian
Reza Rahadian Matulessy (born 5 March 1987) is an Indonesian actor, model, singer, director, and radio announcer of Persian and Ambonese descent. He was Chair of the Indonesian Film Festival for the period 2021 to 2023.
Damburneya
Damburneya is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to tropical regions of North America and South America, with the center of diversity in Central America.

Damburneya consists of around 25 species. Most species currently included in Damburneya were historically treated under Nectandra until a 2016 phylogenetic study revealed Nectrandra to be polyphyletic.

Nectandra
Nectandra is a genus of plant in the family Lauraceae. They are primarily Neotropical, with Nectandra coriacea being the only species reaching the southernmost United States. They have fruit with various medical effects. Sweetwood is a common name for some plants in this genus.
South of the Chisholm Trail
South of the Chisholm Trail is a 1947 American Western film directed by Derwin Abrahams and written by Michael Simmons. The film stars Charles Starrett, Nancy Saunders, Hank Newman and Smiley Burnette. The film was released on January 30, 1947, by Columbia Pictures. This was the nineteenth of 65 films in the Durango Kid series.

Charles Starrett
Charles Robert Starrett (March 28, 1903 – March 22, 1986) was an American actor, best known for his starring role in the Durango Kid westerns. Starrett still holds the record for starring in the longest series of theatrical features: 131 westerns, all produced by Columbia Pictures.
Bruce Roth
Bruce D. Roth is an American organic and medicinal chemist who trained at Saint Joseph's College, Iowa State University and the University of Rochester, and, at the age of 32, discovered atorvastatin, the statin-class drug sold as Lipitor that would become the largest-selling drug in pharmaceutical history (as of 2003). His honours include being named a 2008 Hero of Chemistry by the American Chemical Society, and being chosen as the Perkin Medal awardee, the highest honour given in the U.S. chemical industry, by the Society of Chemical Industry, American section in 2013.

Perkin Medal
The Perkin Medal is an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry (American Section) to a scientist residing in The United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development." It is considered the highest honor given in the US chemical industry.

The Perkin Medal was first awarded in 1906 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of mauveine, the world's first synthetic aniline dye, by Sir William Henry Perkin, an English chemist. The award was given to Sir William on the occasion of his visit to the United States in the year before he died. It was next given in 1908 and has been given every year since then.
National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania. Southern Chester County is defined as being the municipalities south of the Philadelphia Main Line and west of West Chester. The locations of National Register properties and districts, for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 324 properties and districts listed on the Register in Chester County, including 7 National Historic Landmarks. Southern Chester County includes 123 properties and districts, including 2 National Historic Landmarks; the county's remaining properties and districts are listed elsewhere.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Chester County, Pennsylvania
There are 322 properties and districts listed on the National Register in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.
Thomas George Wallace
Thomas George Wallace (May 7, 1879 – February 20, 1921) was a Canadian Member of Parliament for the Ontario ridings of York Centre and York West.

Wallace was born in Ottawa, Ontario, on May 7, 1879, and served as a private in the Royal Canadian Regiment during the Second Boer War, serving overseas in South Africa. He later worked as a merchant and miller before being elected to the House of Commons as a member of the Conservative Party for the riding of York Centre in the 1908 federal election. He was re-elected in 1911. After the riding of York Centre was abolished in 1917, Wallace was elected under the Unionist Party banner in the riding of York West in the election of that year.

Thomas George Wallace died in office on February 20, 1921, at the age of 41.

Humber River—Black Creek (federal electoral district)
Humber River—Black Creek is a federal electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904 and since 1917. Prior to the 2015 election, the riding was known as York West. The former name reflects the riding is in the former Township of York which is within the City of Toronto.

As per the 2016 Census, Humber River—Black Creek is the City of Toronto riding with the highest percentage of people belonging to the Latin American (9.5%) and Southeast Asian (8.9%) communities. It is also the City of Toronto riding with the highest percentage of people of Jamaican (8.5%) and Vietnamese (8.0%) ethnic origins. At the same time, it is one of only two (2) City of Toronto ridings (besides Etobicoke Centre), where Italian is the largest ethnic community (12.8%).
Imperial and royal titles of the Mughal emperors
The Mughal Emperors who ruled South Asia from 1526 to 1857 used titles in the Arabic, Persian and Chagatai languages. Sons of the emperors usually used the titles Shahzada and Mirza. The emperors used various titles such as Sultan, Shahanshah, Khan, Badshah, Ghazi, and various others.

Padishah
Padishah (/ˌpɑːdɪˈʃɑː/; Persian: پادشاه pādshāh [pɒːdeˈʃɒːɦ] – lit. 'Master King') is a superlative sovereign title of Persian origin.

A form of the word is known already from Middle Persian (or Pahlavi) as pātaxšā(h) or pādixšā(y). Middle Persian pād may stem from Avestan paiti, and is akin to Pati (title). Xšāy 'to rule' and xšāyaθiya 'king' are both from Old Persian.

It was adopted by several monarchs claiming the highest rank, roughly equivalent to the ancient Persian notion of "Great King" and to the Western high king, and later adopted by post-Achaemenid and the Mughal emperors of India. However, in some periods it was used more generally for autonomous Muslim rulers, as in the Hudud al-'Alam of the 10th century, where even some petty princes of Afghanistan are called pādshā(h)/pādshāʼi/pādshāy.
Tagiades
Tagiades, commonly known as snow flats, is a genus of spread-winged skipper butterflies. It is the type genus of the tribe Tagiadini of the subfamily Pyrginae in the family Hesperiidae. It contains seventeen species; three are found in tropical Africa, while fourteen are found from India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, northeast Australia, to the Pacific Islands. They are primarily diurnal butterflies, and can usually be found in secondary forests at up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) above sea level. They can sometimes be encountered in partially cleared or cultivated areas. They are fast flyers, flying at an average height of 2 to 6 m (6.6 to 19.7 ft). They usually rest on the undersides of leaves. When disturbed they will fly away but will usually return to the preferred area, often to the same leaf.

Tagiades nestus
Tagiades nestus, the Papuan snow flat or Nestus flat, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found on the Australian islands in the Torres Strait and in New Guinea.

Its wingspan is about 40 mm (1.6 in).

Its larvae feed on Dioscorea species.