hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig
Karl-Gustav Sauberzweig (1 September 1899 – 20 October 1946) was a German Army Oberst (colonel) who transferred to the Waffen-SS during World War II and commanded the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian) in 1943–1944, and the IX Waffen Mountain Corps of the SS (Croatian) in 1944–1945, reaching the rank of SS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS. He returned to the Wehrmacht in January 1945 and was appointed as a Generalleutnant to command a corps within Army Group H in northern Germany. Faced with the prospect of being  extradited to Yugoslavia to stand trial for war crimes, Sauberzweig committed suicide in Allied captivity in 1946.

Oberst
Oberst (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐst] ⓘ) is a senior field officer rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway. The Swedish rank överste is a direct translation, as are the Finnish rank eversti and the Icelandic rank ofursti.
Moses Regular
Moses Regular Jr. (born October 30, 1971) is an American former professional football linebacker who played one season with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Missouri Valley College. He was also a member of the Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europe.

Frankfurt Galaxy (NFL Europe)
The Frankfurt Galaxy were a professional American football team that originally played in the World League of American Football and later in the resurrected NFL Europe. The team was based in Frankfurt, Germany and played in the Commerzbank-Arena, formerly called Waldstadion. The Galaxy was the only team in the league to have remained in operation and in the same city throughout the league's existence.

As of 2021, an unrelated team of the same name plays in the European League of Football.
Dota Gozen
Dota Gozen (土田 御前, d. 26 February 1594), also known as Tsuchida Gozen, was a Japanese noblewoman and the mother of Oda Nobunaga, a major daimyō and politician of the Sengoku period regarded as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan.

Oinu
Oinu (お犬, died September 24, 1582) was a Japanese noblewoman and a member of the prominent Oda clan in the Sengoku period. She was the daughter of Oda Nobuhide and the younger sister of Oda Nogunaga, one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period Japan. She is commonly known as Oinu no Kata (お犬の方), "no Kata" indicating her status as an official wife.
Hayley Ladd
Hayley Elizabeth Ladd (Welsh: [lað]; born 6 October 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender or midfielder for Women's Super League 2 club Crystal Palace. Born in England, she has been capped internationally for Wales, where she derives her connection through her father who is from Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire.

She has previously played in England for Arsenal, Coventry City, Bristol Academy/City, Birmingham City and Manchester United as well as a short spell in Finland with Kokkola F10.

Crystal Palace F.C. Women
Crystal Palace Football Club Women is a women's association football club based in South London, England, which competes in the Women's Super League 2, the second tier of English women's football. The team, known as the "Eagles", is affiliated to the men's equivalent.

The club play its home matches at the VBS Community Stadium in Sutton, South London, as well as select matches at Selhurst Park. They previously played at Hayes Lane, the home ground of Bromley F.C., between 2014 and 2023.
SuperWaba
SuperWaba is a discontinued Java-like virtual machine (VM) that targets portable devices. Software developers use application programming interfaces (APIs), accessed through associated libraries (packaged as Jars) and small tools (together composing a software development kit), to create applications that can run within the VM on supported platforms.

Java Platform, Micro Edition
Java Platform, Micro Edition or Java ME is a computing platform for development and deployment of portable code for embedded and mobile devices (micro-controllers, sensors, gateways, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, TV set-top boxes, printers). Java ME was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition or J2ME.

The platform uses the object-oriented Java programming language, and is part of the Java software-platform family. It was designed by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle Corporation) and replaced a similar technology, PersonalJava.

In 2013, with more than three billion Java ME–enabled mobile phones in the market, the platform was in continued decline as smartphones have overtaken feature phones.
Mirza Zulqarnain
Mirza Zulqarnain or Mirza Zul-Qarnain (c. 1594 – c. 1656) was a diwan and faujdar of Armenian descent in the court of the Mughal Empire.

He was brought up in the royal harem and, after being appointed to official posts, spent most of his career in Sambhar where he administered the lucrative salt pans there. He also served as governor in other parts of the empire. He was a noted poet and composer of Urdu songs.

Sambhar Lake Town
Sambhar (officially known as Sambhar Lake Town) is a town and a municipality in Jaipur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is surrounded by the Sambhar Salt Lake. Sambhar is approximately 70 km from Jaipur (NH-8, RJ SH 57) and 99 km from Ajmer.
Steven Baldas
Steven Baldas (born 18 June 1974) is an Australian sports administrator and former professional tennis player.

Baldas, a native of Adelaide, attended Saint Ignatius' College.

In 1992, Baldas partnered with Scott Draper to win the Wimbledon junior doubles championship, over Mahesh Bhupathi and Nitten Kirrtane in the final. He finished the year ranked three in the world junior doubles rankings.

Baldas featured in the men's doubles main draw of the 1993 Australian Open partnering Mark Draper.

From 1995 to 1998, Baldas played collegiate tennis at the University of Georgia, earning All-American honours in each on his four seasons. He won the 1997 ITA Clay Court Doubles Championships with John Roddick, the brother of Andy.

Scott Draper
Scott Dennis Draper (born 5 June 1974) is an Australian former tennis player and golfer. He won the Australian Open Mixed Doubles with Samantha Stosur in 2005. Draper also reached the fourth round of the 1995 and 1996 French Opens and the fourth round of the US Open in 1997. His most significant achievement in singles was winning the 1998 Queen's Club Championships, the lowest ranked player ever to do so.
MV Nordmeer
MV Nordmeer was a West German ocean freighter built in 1954 by Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft in Flensburg, West Germany. The 471-foot, 8,683-ton steel vessel operated as a general cargo ship and was on its first voyage into the Great Lakes when it wrecked on a reef in Lake Huron near Thunder Bay Island, Michigan, on November 19, 1966.

Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary
Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve is a United States National Marine Sanctuary on Lake Huron's Thunder Bay, within the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Michigan. It protects an estimated 116 historically significant shipwrecks ranging from nineteenth-century wooden side-wheeler paddle steamers to twentieth-century steel-hulled steamers. There are a great many wrecks in the sanctuary, and their preservation and protection is a concern for United States government policymakers. The landward boundary of the sanctuary extends from the western boundary of Presque Isle County to the southern boundary of Alcona County. The sanctuary extends east from the lakeshore to the international border. Alpena is the largest city in the area.
Painted (Narrows album)
Painted is the second studio album by the international rock band Narrows. The album was released on February 28, 2012, through Deathwish Inc. To promote Painted, prior to its release Narrows previewed the tracks "Under the Guillotine" and "Absolute Betrayer". A music video was also made for the song "TB Positive".

In 2011, Narrows guitarist Jodie Cox, who lives in England, was denied access to the United States. Cox's guitar parts were recorded by Wayne Pennell at Bunker Studios in Brentford, England and sent to the rest of the band over the internet. Matt Bayles tracked the rest of the album at Red Room Studio in Seattle, Washington. Cox described the process, which involved communicating with the rest of the band through the online video service Skype, as being "a frustrating and challenging experience."

Matt Bayles
Matt Bayles (BAY-less; born October 19, 1972) is an American record producer, mixer, and engineer based in Seattle. He is known for his work with bands such as Soundgarden, Pearl Jam, Isis, Botch, Mastodon, Minus the Bear, Burnt by the Sun, The Classic Crime, Norma Jean, Screaming Trees, Russian Circles, Cursive, Screaming Females, Planes Mistaken for Stars, Sumac. He was also the former keyboardist for indie rock band Minus the Bear.
Boyer South River
The Boyer South River (in French: rivière Boyer Sud) is a tributary of the Boyer River, which flows northeast and empties on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River. The South Boyer River crosses the municipalities of Honfleur, Saint-Gervais, Saint-Henri and Saint-Charles-de-Bellechasse, in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada.

Saint-Gervais, Quebec
Saint-Gervais (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɛʁvɛ] ⓘ) is a village of 2,100 people in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality, part of the Chaudière-Appalaches administrative region of Quebec, Canada. It is named in honour of Gervasius, martyr with Protasius in the year 57.
2006 Channel One Cup
The 2006 Channel One Cup was played between 14 and 17 December 2006. The Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden and Russia played a round-robin for a total of three games per team and six games in total. Five of the matches were played in the Khodynka Arena in Moscow, Russia, and one match in Helsinki Ice Hall in Helsinki, Finland. The tournament was part of the 2006–07 Euro Hockey Tour.

Russia won the tournament before Finland.

2006–07 Euro Hockey Tour
The 2006–07 Euro Hockey Tour was the 11th season of the Euro Hockey Tour. The season consisted of four tournaments, the Česká Pojišťovna Cup, Karjala Tournament, Channel One Cup, and the LG Hockey Games. The top two teams met in the final, and the third and fourth place teams met for the third place game.
Niger expedition of 1841
The Niger expedition of 1841 was mounted by British missionary and activist groups in 1841–1842, using three British iron steam vessels to travel to Lokoja, at the confluence of the Niger River and Benue River, in what is now Nigeria. The British government backed the effort to make treaties with the native peoples, introduce Christianity and promote increased trade. The crews of the boats suffered a high mortality from disease.

Niger River
The Niger River (/ˈnaɪdʒər/ NY-jər; French: (le) fleuve Niger [(lə) flœv niʒɛʁ]) is the main river of West Africa, extending about 4,180 kilometres (2,600 miles). Its drainage basin is 2,117,700 km2 (817,600 sq mi) in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through southwest Mali and through southwest Niger, on the border with Benin, and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger is the 14th-longest river in the world and the third-longest river in Africa, exceeded by the Nile and the Congo River. Its main tributary is the Benue River.
Margaret Krieger
Margaret Krieger (1723 or 1724 – February 2, 1790) also known as Widow Krieger, was the only recorded person to undergo a witch trial in Vermont. At the time, she was a widowed mill owner from Pownal. After surviving the alleged trial, Krieger moved back to Williamstown, Massachusetts, her birthplace.

Williamstown, Massachusetts
Williamstown is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It shares a border with Vermont to the north and New York to the west. Located in Berkshire County, the town is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts metropolitan statistical area. The population was 7,513 at the 2020 census. A college town, it is home to Williams College, the Clark Art Institute and the Tony-awarded Williamstown Theatre Festival.
Mohammad Movahedi Azad
Mohammad Movahedi-Azad (Persian: محمد موحدی آزاد; born 6 September 1960) is an Iranian cleric and judge, currently serving as the Prosecutor-General. During the 2025–2026 Iranian protests, he played a prominent role, labeling protesters "enemies of God" and saying that "the provocateurs will be tried and punished in accordance with all legal procedures." In January 2026, the European Union proposed sanctions against Azad for threatening protesters with death sentences.

Prosecutor-General of Iran
The prosecutor-general of Iran (or attorney-general), in the judicial system of Iran, is a "just mujtahid" appointed by the head of the judiciary in consultation with the judges of the Supreme Court to serve for a period of five years.

As the head of the prosecutor-general's office, they supervise prosecutor's offices in the country. At the same time, they have executive responsibility for law enforcement, prosecutions, setting priorities in the hearings of cases in their role as the head of the public prosecution for the state.
History of fair trade
The fair trade movement has undergone several important changes like the operation for Ten Thousand Villages to open their businesses since early days following World War II. Fair trade, first seen as a form of charity advocated by religious organizations, has radically changed in structure, philosophy and approach. The past fifty years have witnessed massive changes in the diversity of fair trade proponents, the products traded and their distribution networks.

Fair trade certification
A fair trade certification is a product certification within the market-based movement of fair trade. The most widely used fair trade certification is FLO International's, the International Fairtrade Certification Mark, used in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Fair Trade Certified Mark is the North American equivalent of the International Fairtrade Certification Mark. As of January 2011, there were more than 1,000 companies certified by FLO International's certification and a further 1,000 or so certified by other ethical and fairtrade certification schemes around the world.

The Fairtrade International certification system covers a wide range of products, including banana, coffee, cocoa, cotton, cane sugar, flowers and plants, honey, dried fruit, fruit juices, herbs, spices, tea, nuts and vegetables.
Kim Yik-yung
Kim Yik Yung (Korean: 김익영; born 19 February 1935) is a South Korean ceramic artist. Kim was born in Chongjin, Hamgyong Province, Korea, Empire of Japan.

She studied chemical engineering at Seoul National University and then went to the US, where she studied ceramics at Alfred University in New York. After returning to Korea, she worked as a researcher in the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, South Korea.

Kim was co-winner of the 2004  "Artist of the Year" award from the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art for significant contribution to the development of Korean contemporary ceramic art. Her work has been shown in major exhibitions in Korea, Japan, the United States, and Europe.

Seoul National University
Seoul National University (SNU; Korean: 서울대학교; lit. 'Seoul University') is a public research university in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 1946 by the merger of ten institutions in the Seoul area, it is one of the SKY universities and a part of the Flagship Korean National Universities.

The university's main campus is located in Gwanak, and two additional campuses are located in Daehangno and Pyeongchang. The university comprises sixteen colleges, one graduate school and nine professional schools. The student body consists of nearly 16,000 undergraduate and 16,000 graduate students.
Willis H. Downs
Willis H. Downs (September 1866–September 15, 1929) was a United States Army private who earned the Medal of Honor during the Philippine–American War. He later obtained the rank of Wagoner.  Wagoner Downs is buried in the Highland Home Cemetery in Jamestown, North Dakota. He was one of twelve members of Young's Scouts awarded the Medal of Honor between 13 and May 16, 1899.

He is buried in Highland Home Cemetery, Jamestown, North Dakota. Downs is erroneously identified as having a birthdate of June 1870; this is incorrect, as evidenced by North Dakota Census documents, his obituary, and his headstone.

Jamestown, North Dakota
Jamestown is a city in and the county seat of Stutsman County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 15,849 at the 2020 census, making it the ninth most populous city in North Dakota. Jamestown was founded in 1883 and is home to the University of Jamestown.
Mercedes-Benz EQA
The Mercedes-Benz EQA is a battery electric subcompact luxury crossover SUV (C-segment) produced by German luxury vehicle brand Mercedes-Benz since February 2021. It is part of the EQ family, a range of vehicles expanded by 10 models in 2022. The vehicle uses the MFA2 platform, which designates C-segment and smaller-sized D-segment vehicles which use a base front-wheel drive layout.

As of 2023, the EQA is the smallest vehicle in the EQ Series, slotting beneath the D-segment EQB. The name "EQA" blends EQ, Mercedes' electric vehicle group, with the letter A, which signifies that the vehicle is the smallest of its class.

D-segment
The D-segment is the 4th category of the European segments for passenger cars, and is described as "large cars".

It is equivalent to the Euro NCAP "large family car" size class, and the present-day definition of the mid-size car category used in North America. Compact executive cars are part of the D-segment size category.

D-segment sales represented about 7% of the market in the 2010s.
Firdaws-i Bareen
Firdous e Bareen (Persian: فردوس برین, lit. 'The Highest Paradise') refers to the legendary ancient Persian garden located within the confines of the Alamut Fortress in the Elburz mountains of Northern Iran. This site gained prominence as the supposed sanctuary of Hassan-i-Sabah on the stories about him and his band of Nizari Assassins during the 11th and 12th centuries.

Hasan-i Sabbah
Hasan-i Sabbah also known as Hasan I of Alamut, was  a religious and military leader, founder of the Nizari Ismai'li sect, Order of Assassins, as well as the Nizari Ismaili state, ruling from 1090 to 1124 AD.

Alongside his role as a leader, Sabbah was a scholar of mathematics, most notably in geometry, as well as astronomy and philosophy, especially in epistemology. It is narrated that Hasan and the Persian polymath Omar Khayyam were close friends since their student years. He and each of the later Order of Assassins' leaders came to be known in the West as the "Old Man of the Mountain", a name given by Marco Polo that referenced the sect's possession of the commanding mountain fortress of Alamut Castle.
Vermillion Literary Project Magazine
The Vermillion Literary Project Magazine is an American literary magazine distributed by the University of South Dakota. The student-produced journal has been in publication since 1982 and is the culmination of the Vermillion Literary Project.

The annual journal publishes art, essays and short stories that center on a regional theme, but make exceptions for distinguished work from world-wide submissions. 
The journal receives thousands of submissions annually and has an acceptance rate of 1%, with a large number of acceptances coming from work produced about experiences in South Dakota.

The literary magazine uses a blind review process and is affiliated with the National Writing Project.

The Vermillion Literary Project Magazine publishes works centered on a specific theme that changes each year, and the journal is edited entirely by USD students, while faculty advises the process.

National Writing Project
The National Writing Project (NWP) is a United States professional development network that serves teachers of writing at all grade levels, primary through university, and in all subjects. 
Unique in breadth and scale, the NWP is a network of sites anchored at colleges and universities and serving teachers across disciplines and at all levels, from early childhood through university. The NWP network provides professional development, develops resources, generates research, and acts on knowledge to improve the teaching of writing and learning in schools and communities.
Ted House
Ted House (born August 22, 1959) is an American circuit judge assigned to St. Charles County and a former Democratic politician who served in the Missouri Senate for the 2nd District. Between 1989 and 1993, he served in the Missouri House of Representatives. He previously served as field representative for U.S. Congressman Ike Skelton.

House was born in Kansas City. In 1977, he graduated from Fayette High School. He has a Bachelor of Arts in political science from Central Methodist University and a Juris Doctor degree from University of Missouri-Kansas City law school.

In 2011, House became the new president of the Missouri Circuit Judges Association, succeeding Judge Kathleen Forsyth of Jackson County. He was elected associate circuit judge in 2002 and circuit judge in 2004, being re-elected as circuit judge in 2008.

Ike Skelton
Isaac Newton Skelton IV (December 20, 1931 – October 28, 2013) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the U.S. representative for Missouri's 4th congressional district from 1977 to 2011. During his tenure, he served as the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee. He was a member of the Democratic Party. On November 2, 2010, he unexpectedly lost his seat to Republican Vicky Hartzler amid a Republican landslide. Notably, he was one of three Democratic committee chairmen to lose reelection in the 2010 midterm cycle, alongside House Budget Committee chairman John Spratt of South Carolina and House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee chairman Jim Oberstar of Minnesota.
1987 Geneva Open
The 1987 Geneva Open was a men's tennis tournament played on clay courts that was part of the 1987 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at Geneva in Switzerland from 14 September through 20 September 1987. Unseeded Claudio Mezzadri won the singles title.

Claudio Mezzadri
Claudio Mezzadri (Italian pronunciation: [ˈklaudjo medˈdzaːdri]; born 10 June 1965) is a retired professional tennis player from Switzerland. Mezzadri turned professional in 1983, and won his only ATP singles title four years later in Geneva. He also won four doubles titles in his career. His highest ranking was world No. 26 in singles in November 1987 and No. 23 in doubles in February 1988.

Mezzadri participated in nine Davis Cup ties for Switzerland from 1987 to 1991, posting an 11–4 record in singles and a 3–2 record in doubles.