hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nawa, Salamiyah
Nawa (Arabic: نوى) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Salamiyah District of the Hama Governorate. It is located 27 kilometers (17 mi) north of Salamiyah. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nawa had a population of 441 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Alawites.

Salamiyah
Salamiyah (Arabic: سلمية, romanized: Salamiyya; also transliterated Salamiyya, Salamieh or Salamya) is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate. It is located 33 kilometres (21 miles) southeast of Hama, 45 kilometres (28 miles) northeast of Homs. Its inhabitants are predominantly Ismaili.

The city is nicknamed the "mother of Cairo" because it was the birthplace of the second Fatimid caliph al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, whose dynasty would eventually establish the city of Cairo, and the early headquarters of his father Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah who founded the Fatimid Caliphate. The city is an important center of the Shi'ite Nizari Isma'ili and Taiyabi Isma'ili Islamic schools of Ismailism and also the birthplace of influential poet Muhammad al-Maghut. The population of the city is 66,724 (2004 census).
Capture of Agra
The Capture of Agra Fort ended a month-long siege by Jat ruler Maharaja Suraj Mal on 12 June 1761, marking the annexation of Agra into Bharatpur. After a one-month siege of Agra, the Mughal army, led by Mirza Fazilka Khan, surrendered to the Jat army. The Jats seized the old capital of the Mughal Empire. It remained in possession of Bharatpur rulers until 1774.

Jats
The Jat people (Hindi: [dʒaːʈ], Punjabi: [dʒəʈː]), also spelt Jaat and Jatt, are a traditionally agricultural caste in Northern India and Pakistan. Originally pastoralists in the lower Indus river-valley of Sindh, many Jats migrated north into the Punjab region in late medieval times, and subsequently into the Delhi Territory, northeastern Rajputana, and the western Gangetic Plain in the 17th and 18th centuries. Of Hindu, Muslim and Sikh faiths, they are now found mostly in the Indian states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan and the Pakistani regions of Sindh, Punjab and AJK.

By the 20th century, the landowning Jats became an influential group in several parts of North India, including Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. Over the years, several Jats abandoned agriculture in favour of urban jobs, and used their dominant economic and political status to claim higher social status.
Shaohao
Shaohao (Chinese: 少皞; pinyin: Shàohào; lit. 'Lesser brightness'), also known as Jin Tian (金天), was a legendary Chinese sovereign, usually identified as a son of the Yellow Emperor. According to some traditions, such as that within the Book of Documents, Shaohao is one of the Five Emperors. His place in the mythical lineage of the Yellow Emperor has been subject to controversy. Members of the 19th–20th century Doubting Antiquity School of historians posited that Shaohao was added to the orthodox succession legend by Liu Xin as part of a politically motivated campaign revising ancient texts c. 1 AD.

Liu Xin (scholar)
Liu Xin (c. 46 BCE – 23 CE), courtesy name Zijun, was a Chinese astronomer, classicist, imperial librarian, mathematician, and politician during the Western Han and Xin dynasties. He later changed his name to Liu Xiu (劉秀) due to the naming taboo of Emperor Ai of Han. He was the son of Imperial librarian Liu Xiang and an associate of other eminent thinkers such as the philosopher Huan Tan. Liu was a prominent supporter of the Old Text classics.
Train Track Park
Train Track Park (Hebrew: פארק המסילה, Park HaMesila) is a rail trail urban park in West Jerusalem, Israel. Featuring 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) of walking and biking trails, the park follows the route of the original Jaffa–Jerusalem railway from the Jerusalem Railway Station near the German Colony to Teddy Stadium in Malha. The park is built over – and incorporates in its design – the original railway tracks installed in 1892 and used through 1998. The park has been noted as a symbol of coexistence in the divided city, as it passes through Jewish and Arab neighborhoods and is used by residents of both.

Malha
Malha is a neighborhood in southwest Jerusalem, between Pat, Ramat Denya and Kiryat Hayovel in the Valley of Rephaim. Before 1948, Malha was an Arab village known as al-Maliha (Arabic: المالحة).

Malha is now an upscale neighborhood featuring the Malha Shopping Mall, Teddy Stadium, and the Jerusalem Technology Park.
Bikram Singh (general, born 1952)
General Bikram Singh, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC  (born 19 July 1952) is a retired Indian army officer who served as the 24th Chief of Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army. Previously the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the army's Eastern Command, he succeeded General V. K. Singh as COAS on May 31, 2012. He retired on 31 July 2014. He is the second Sikh to be COAS, the first having been General J. J. Singh. He was also the Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (CoSC) of the Indian armed forces.

Eastern Command (India)
The Eastern Command is one of the six operational commands of the Indian Army. It is headquartered in Vijay Durg (formerly known as Fort William) in the city of Kolkata in the state of West Bengal. The Eastern Command was formed on 1 November 1920. The Command is commanded by a three-star rank officer with the title General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C).

Lieutenant General Ram Chander Tiwari is the current GOC-in-C of Eastern Command.
Alexandria Again and Forever
Alexandria Again and Forever  or  Alexandria again and again  as its Egyptian name (Arabic: إسكندريه كمان وكمان, translit.Iskandria Kaman wa Kaman, French: Alexandrie Encore et Toujours) is a 1990 Egyptian film directed by Youssef Chahine.

It is the third entry in a series of four films by Chahine. This 104-minute-long film is mainly in Arabic, with English-language subtitles. It was preceded by the films Alexandria... Why? (1978) An Egyptian Story (1982) and followed by Alexandria... New York (2004). The film was selected as the Egyptian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 63rd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

An Egyptian Story
An Egyptian Story (Egyptian Arabic: حدوته مصريه, translit. Hadduta masriyya) is a 1982 Egyptian drama film directed by Youssef Chahine. It was entered into the main competition at the 39th edition of the Venice Film Festival.
Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry
Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry (HIBGC) is the scientific study of biological, geological, and chemical processes in the environment using the distribution and relative abundance of hydrogen isotopes. Hydrogen has two stable isotopes, protium 1H and deuterium 2H, which vary in relative abundance on the order of hundreds of permil. The ratio between these two species can be called the hydrogen isotopic signature of a substance. Understanding isotopic fingerprints and the sources of fractionation that lead to variation between them can be applied to address a diverse array of questions ranging from ecology and hydrology to geochemistry and paleoclimate reconstructions. Since specialized techniques are required to measure natural hydrogen isotopic composition (HIC), HIBGC provides uniquely specialized tools to more traditional fields like ecology and geochemistry.

Kinetic isotope effect
In physical organic chemistry, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is the change in the reaction rate of a chemical reaction when one of the atoms in the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes. Formally, it is the ratio of rate constants for the reactions involving the light (kL) and the heavy (kH) isotopically substituted reactants (isotopologues): KIE = kL/kH.

This change in reaction rate is a quantum effect that occurs mainly because heavier isotopologues have lower vibrational frequencies than their lighter counterparts. In most cases, this implies a greater energy input needed for heavier isotopologues to reach the transition state (or, in rare cases, dissociation limit), and therefore, a slower reaction rate. The study of KIEs can help elucidate reaction mechanisms, and is occasionally exploited in drug development to improve unfavorable pharmacokinetics by protecting metabolically vulnerable C-H bonds.
Samuel Escobar
Juan Samuel Escobar Aguirre (28 November 1934 – 29 April 2025) was a Peruvian evangelical theologian, missiologist, educator, and author, known for his influential role in shaping Latin American evangelical theology and global evangelical engagement with social justice. A founding leader of the Latin American Theological Fellowship, Escobar was widely recognized as a key architect of contextual theology in Latin America and a vocal advocate for integrating evangelical faith with sociopolitical responsibility.

Palmer Theological Seminary
Palmer Theological Seminary is a  Baptist seminary in St. Davids, Pennsylvania. It is affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA. It was founded in 1925 as Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary.  Its parent institution is Eastern University.
Bjaðmunjo Mýrjartaksdóttir
Bjaðmunjo Mýrjartaksdóttir (Gaelic: Blathmuine ingen Muirchertach; fl. 1102/1103) was a daughter of a Muirchertach Ua Briain, High King of Ireland. In 1102, whilst still a child, she was married to Sigurðr, son of Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway. At this time, Magnús appears to have been in the process of setting up his son as king over the Earldom of Orkney, the Kingdom of the Isles, and the Kingdom of Dublin. The marriage temporarily bound Muirchertach and Magnús together as allies before the latter's death the following year. Sigurðr thereupon repudiated Bjaðmunjo, and left for Scandinavia, where he proceeded to share the Norwegian kingship with his brothers.

Kingdom of Dublin
The Kingdom of Dublin (Old Norse: Dyflin) was a Norse kingdom in Ireland that lasted from roughly 853 AD to 1170 AD. It was the first and longest-lasting Norse kingdom in Ireland, founded by Vikings who invaded the territory around Dublin in the 9th century. Its territory corresponded to most of present-day County Dublin.
Cities: A Gamemaster's Guide to Encounters and Other Rules For Fantasy Games
Cities is a fantasy role-playing game supplement that was first published by Midkemia Press in 1979.  The supplement was designed to be used with any role-playing game system, and provides information about using urban center as part of adventures.  Midkemia published a second edition in 1980, Chaosium published a third edition in 1986, and Avalon Hill published a fourth edition in 1988 for the RuneQuest role-playing game.  The various editions received positive reviews in game periodicals including The Space Gamer, Different Worlds, Dragon, White Dwarf, Casus Belli, and Games International.

Avalon Hill
Avalon Hill Games Inc. is a game company that publishes wargames and strategic board games. It has also published miniature wargaming rules, role-playing games and sports simulations. It is a subsidiary of Hasbro, and operates under the company's "Hasbro Gaming" division.

Avalon Hill introduced many of the concepts of modern recreational wargaming, including the use of a hexagonal grid (a.k.a. hexgrid) overlaid on a flat folding board, zones of control (ZOC), stacking of multiple units at a location, and board games based upon historical events.
What Might Have Been
"What Might Have Been" is a song recorded by American country music group Little Texas.  It was released in May 1993 as the lead-off single from their second (and breakthrough) album, Big Time.  It was written by the band's lead guitarist Porter Howell, rhythm guitarist Dwayne O'Brien, and keyboardist and vocalist Brady Seals.  The song reached number 2 on the Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart, behind Sawyer Brown's "Thank God for You", and number 11 on the Canadian RPM country Tracks chart in 1993. It is one of their best known songs, peaking at number 16 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart.

Thank God for You
"Thank God For You" is a song recorded by American country music band Sawyer Brown. It was released in June 1993 as the lead single from their album, Outskirts of Town. Co-written by lead singer Mark Miller with Mac McAnally, the latter of whom also produced it, the song reached number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart. It also peaked at number 17 on the U.S. Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.
Swindon Town F.C. Reserves and Academy
The Swindon Town reserve team previously played in the Totesport.com Combination League. They also participate in the Wiltshire Premier Shield each season. The Swindon Town Development side play their home games at The County Ground, Swindon. In previous seasons the team has also played at Hunts Copse, the home of Swindon Supermarine.

Wiltshire Premier Shield
The Wiltshire Premier Shield is a single county cup competition involving English football clubs based in the county of Wiltshire.

The current competition format operates with a two-leg semi-final and a single match final during the latter stages of the league season.

The most successful team in the competition's history is Swindon Town who have won the shield 27 times. Swindon Town are the only Wiltshire representative in the Football League and have often used the Wiltshire Shield to field their youths, reserves and players who are returning from injury.

The competition consists of the highest placed clubs in Wiltshire from professional to Step 5.
Mrs. India Inc
Mrs. India Inc. is a national beauty pageant for married women in India. Founded by Mohini Sharma in 2016, the pageant selects Indian representatives to compete in Mrs. World, Mrs. Globe, Mrs. Galaxy, Mrs. International Summit, and Mrs. International World.

Mrs. Globe
Mrs. Globe is an annual international beauty pageant open to women who are over 25, married, or who are parents. The pageant is heavily involved with charity work with funds going to women in need. Over 70 countries have had representatives in the pageant. Ksenia Krivko was crowned Mrs. Globe 2020 at the international contest on December 7 in Shenzhen, China.
Regine at the Theater
Regine at the Theater was a concert residency by Filipino recording artist Regine Velasquez at The Theatre at Solaire in Parañaque, Philippines. The residency began on November 6 and concluded on November 21, 2015, after completing four shows. The set list contained songs taken from various musicals, and featured selections from Broadway, off-Broadway and Filipino productions, including Noli Me Tángere, for which Velasquez originated the lead role of María Clara. It was exclusively promoted by iMusic Entertainment, with PLDT Inc. as sponsor. Raul Mitra served as music director, while Audie Gemora, Aicelle Santos, and Jona Viray were selected as special guests. The show was divided into two acts with an intermission. Regine at the Theater was critically appreciated, receiving praise for its theme and Velasquez's vocal abilities.

PLDT
PLDT, Inc., formerly known as the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (Filipino: Kompanya ng Teleponong Pangmalayuan ng Pilipinas), is a Philippine telecommunications, internet and digital service company.

PLDT is one of the Philippine's major telecommunications providers, along with Globe Telecom and startup DITO Telecommunity. Founded in 1928, it is the oldest and largest telecommunications company in the Philippines, in terms of assets and revenues.

The company's core businesses are fixed-line telecommunications, mobile telephony services, broadband, and internet of things services under various brands. It also has investments in broadcasting, print media, utilities, and direct-to-home satellite services, among others. It is listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange and is being controlled by First Pacific, a Hong Kong–based investment management company, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone, through its subsidiaries, and JG Summit Holdings.
Aneura mirabilis
Aneura mirabilis is a parasitic species of liverwort in the family Aneuraceae. It was first described in 1933, as Cryptothallus mirabilis. Plants of this species are white as a result of lacking chlorophyll, and their plastids do not differentiate into chloroplasts.

Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός (khloros, "pale green") and φύλλον (phyllon, "leaf"). Chlorophyll allows plants to absorb energy from light. Those pigments are involved in oxygenic photosynthesis, as opposed to bacteriochlorophylls, related molecules found only in bacteria and involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll a and b.
2022–23 Arsenal W.F.C. season
The 2022–23 season is Arsenal Women's Football Club's 36th season of competitive football. The club is currently participating in the Women's Super League and participated in the FA Cup and the Champions League where they reached the semi-finals. This match represented an historic day in the club's history where they sold out the Emirates Stadium for the first time. They also won the League Cup for the 6th time, their first piece of silverware since winning the 2018–19 WSL.

2022–23 in English football
The 2022–23 season was the 143rd competitive association football season in England. The season began in July 2022 due to the 2022 FIFA World Cup taking place from 20 November to 18 December 2022, the first time that an entire football season commenced a month earlier than normal since the 1945–46 season.
David Young (saxophonist)
David A. "Dave" Young (January 14, 1912 – December 25, 1992) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist.

Young was born in Nashville but raised in Chicago, where he joined a band made up of newsboys from the Chicago Defender. In the 1930s he worked in the bands of Frankie Half Pint Jaxon, Fletcher Henderson, Carroll Dickerson, and Roy Eldridge. He was with Horace Henderson in 1939-1940, and during World War II worked with Walter Fuller, Lucky Millinder, and Sammy Price. He was drafted into the U.S. Navy in 1944 and played in a military band until the end of the war, at which time he returned to Chicago and played with Dinah Washington.

In the 1950s Young left his career in music and returned to working for the Chicago Defender, this time as an advertising executive.

Roy Eldridge
David Roy Eldridge (January 30, 1911 – February 26, 1989), nicknamed "Little Jazz", was an American jazz trumpeter.  His sophisticated use of harmony, including the use of tritone substitutions, his virtuosic solos exhibiting a departure from the dominant style of jazz trumpet innovator Louis Armstrong, and his strong impact on Dizzy Gillespie mark him as one of the most influential musicians of the swing era and a precursor of bebop.
Luberto da Montevarchi
Luberto da Montevarchi, also known as Roberto da Montevarchi or Il Montevarchi (1460-1522), was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active in the Valdarno.

He appears to have trained in the school of Pietro Perugino, and worked with him in decorating the Collegio del Cambio in Perugia. An arch of detached frescoes from the former church Sant'Andrea a Cennano are now on display in the Museo di Arte Sacra della Collegiata di San Lorenzo in Montevarchi.

Pietro Perugino
Pietro Perugino (US: /ˌpɛrəˈdʒiːnoʊ, -ruːˈ-/ PERR-ə-JEE-noh, -⁠oo-; Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro peruˈdʒiːno]; born Pietro Vannucci or Pietro Vanucci; c. 1446/1452 – 1523), an Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbrian school, developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael became his most famous pupil.
Clackamas Town Center
Clackamas Town Center is a shopping mall established in 1981 in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area, located on unincorporated land in the Clackamas area of Clackamas County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is managed and co-owned by Brookfield Properties through its GGP subsidiary, and is currently anchored by JCPenney, Dick's Sporting Goods, Macy's and a separate Macy's Home/Backstage store. It also includes a 20-screen Century movie theater.

Dick's Sporting Goods
Dick's Sporting Goods, Inc. (stylized as DICK'S Sporting Goods) is an American chain of sporting goods stores founded in 1948 by Richard "Dick" Stack. It is the largest sporting goods retailer in the United States and is listed on the Fortune 500.
Asteelflash Group
Asteelflash Group is a French multinational electronics contract manufacturing company specializing in printed circuit board assembly and also offering design and aftermarket services.

Headquartered in Neuilly-Plaisance, France, it is the second largest electronics manufacturing services (EMS) company in Europe and ranks among top 20 worldwide with manufacturing operations in 18 countries, totaling approximately 2 million square feet and 5,700 employees.

Electronics manufacturing services
Electronics manufacturing services (EMS) is a term used for companies that design, manufacture, test, distribute, and provide return/repair services for electronic components and assemblies for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The concept is also referred to as electronics contract manufacturing (ECM).

Many high-volume consumer electronic products have been built in China and countries of Southeast Asia, due to the speed of manufacture of high-volume low-cost electronics in those locations, as opposed to the United States. Cities such as Shenzhen, China and Penang, Malaysia have become important production centres for the industry, attracting many consumer electronics companies such as Apple Inc. Some companies such as Flex and Wistron are original design manufacturers and providers of electronics manufacturing services.
Molly Dobbs
Molly Dobbs (also Compton) is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street. Played by Vicky Binns, she debuted on 5 September 2005. Introduced as the daughter of a local baker, she is the love interest and later wife of Tyrone Dobbs. On 6 May 2010, Binns announced she was quitting the soap. Molly was killed off on 9 December 2010 in a live episode celebrating the show's 50th anniversary, by a tram crashing into the corner shop.

Dev Alahan
Dev Alahan is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street. Portrayed by Jimmi Harkishin, the character's first appearance was broadcast on 10 November 1999. He is the ex-husband of the Sunita Alahan (Shobna Gulati), husband to Bernie Winter (Jane Hazlegrove) and father to Amber Kalirai (Nikki Patel), Aadi Alahan (Zennon Ditchett/Adam Hussain) and Asha Alahan (Tanisha Gorey). And Shareen. Harkishin took breaks from the role on several occasions including in 2004, 2015, 2019 and 2025.
Liver or Die
Liver or Die (Korean: 왜그래 풍상씨!) is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Yoo Jun-sang, Oh Ji-ho, Jeon Hye-bin, Lee Si-young and Cha Seo-won. It aired from January 9 to March 14, 2019 on KBS2's Wednesdays and Thursdays at 22:00 (KST).

Cha Seo-won
Lee Chang-yeob (Korean: 이창엽; born April 15, 1991), known by his stage name Cha Seo-won (차서원), is a South Korean actor. His breakthrough role was in The Second Husband (2022), where he won his first acting award. He has also been a cast member of the variety show I Live Alone since 2022.