hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
337th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 337th Rifle Division was first formed in August 1941, as a standard Red Army rifle division, at Astrakhan. Like the 335th Rifle Division, this formation was assigned to the southern sector of the Soviet-German front during the winter counteroffensive, but was encircled and destroyed during the German spring offensive that formed the Izium Pocket. The division was formed again from July until August 13, 1942, serving in the Caucasus and along the coast of the Black Sea before being moved to the central part of the front to take part in the Soviet counteroffensive following the Battle of Kursk. As the front advanced towards the Dniepr River the 337th was recognized for its role in the liberation of the Ukrainian city of Lubny and was granted its name as an honorific. As the division continued to advance through northern and western Ukraine and into Hungary, it earned further honors before ending its combat path in western Austria.

335th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)
The 335th Rifle Division was first formed in September 1941, as a standard Red Army rifle division, at Stalingrad. It was a "sister" unit to the 341st Rifle Division, which was formed at about the same time and place and shared a very similar combat path in its first formation. The division was assigned to the southern sector of the Soviet-German front during the winter counteroffensive, but took severe losses during the German spring offensive that formed the Izium Pocket, and it was all but destroyed in the opening phase of Case Blue. The division was formed again nearly two years later, this time in the Far Eastern Front, and spent the rest of the war mainly on coastal defense duties. The 335th had one of the shortest and least distinguished careers of any Soviet rifle division.
Kogia pusilla
Kogia pusilla is an extinct species of sperm whale from the Middle Pliocene of Italy. related to the modern-day dwarf sperm whale (K. sima) and pygmy sperm whale (K. breviceps). It is known from a single skull discovered in 1877, and was considered a species of beaked whale until 1997. The skull shares many characteristics with other sperm whales, and is comparable in size to that of the dwarf sperm whale. Like the modern Kogia, it probably hunted squid in the twilight zone, and frequented continental slopes. The environment it inhabited was likely a calm, nearshore area with a combination sandy and hard-rock seafloor. K. pusilla likely died out due to the ice ages at the end of the Pliocene.

Beaked whale
Beaked whales are members of the cetacean family Ziphiidae, noted as being one of the least-known groups of mammals because of their deep-sea habitat, reclusive behavior and apparent low abundance. Only three or four of the 24 existing species are reasonably well-known. Baird's beaked whales and Cuvier's beaked whales were subject to commercial exploitation, off the coast of Japan, while the northern bottlenose whale was extensively hunted in the northern part of the North Atlantic in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Reports emerged in late 2020 of the possible discovery of a new beaked whale species off the coast of Mexico, the taxonomy of which had not been determined as of December 2020.
The Money Game: LSU
The Money Game: LSU is an American limited docuseries that followed LSU Tiger student athletes Jayden Daniels, Angel Reese, Flau'jae Johnson, Livvy Dunne, Alia Armstrong, and Trace Young through their 2023–24 sports season and the impact of them signing name, image, and likeness (NIL) contracts. The series premiered on Amazon Prime Video on September 10, 2024. The Money Game was nominated for Outstanding Documentary Series (Serialized) at the 46th Sports Emmy Awards.

46th Sports Emmy Awards
The 46th Sports Emmy Awards were presented by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), honoring the best in American sports television coverage in 2024. The ceremony took place in-person at the Jazz at Lincoln Center's Frederick P. Rose Hall in New York City on Tuesday, May 20, 2025. Comedian, writer, and producer Roy Wood Jr. hosted the ceremony.

The nominations were announced on April 8, 2025. ESPN received the most nominations with 63, while the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad was the most nominated program, with 27 nominations. Australian-born American executive producer and inaugural Fox Sports president David Hill was honored with the Sports Lifetime Achievement Award.

The coverage for the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad was the most awarded program with 10 wins. ESPN and NBC tied with the most awards with 13 wins each.
ESO 148-2
ESO 148-2 known as ESO 148-IG002 and IRAS 23128-5919, is a galaxy merger located in the constellation of Tucana. It is located 642 million light years from Earth and is classified a Wolf-Rayet galaxy as well as an ultraluminous infrared galaxy.

Luminous infrared galaxy
Luminous infrared galaxies or LIRGs are galaxies with luminosities above 1011 L☉. They are also referred to as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) through their normal method of detection. LIRGs are more abundant than starburst galaxies, Seyfert galaxies and quasi-stellar objects at comparable luminosity. Infrared galaxies emit more energy in the infrared than at all other wavelengths combined. A LIRG's luminosity is 100 billion times that of the Sun.

Galaxies with luminosities above 1012 L☉ are known as ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Galaxies exceeding 1013 L☉ are characterised as hyper-luminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs). Those exceeding 1014 L☉ are extremely luminous infrared galaxies (ELIRGs). Many of the LIRGs and ULIRGs are showing interactions and disruptions. Many of these types of galaxies spawn about 100 new stars a year as compared to the Milky Way which spawns one a year; this helps create the high level of luminosity.
Nicky Low
Nicky Low (born 6 January 1992) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Clydebank.

Low has previously played for Dundee, Aberdeen, Forfar Athletic, Alloa Athletic, Derry City, Queen of the South, Arbroath and had a loan spell at Kelty Hearts.

Kelty Hearts F.C.
Kelty Hearts Football Club is a football club based in the village of Kelty in Fife, Scotland. Formed in 1975, the club currently competes in Scottish League One, having been promoted from Scottish League Two as champions in 2021-22. Their home colours are maroon shirts, white shorts and maroon socks, while their away colours are typically all blue. They play their home games at New Central Park and are nicknamed the "Maroon Machine", "the Jambos" and "the Hearts".

The club were previously members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, playing in the Fife League followed by the East Region Superleague. In December 2017 the club became a full SFA member, making them eligible to enter the Scottish Cup and move up through the pyramid system.
Krasnoyarsk constituency
The Krasnoyarsk constituency (No.54) is a Russian legislative constituency in Krasnoyarsk Krai. The constituency covers southern half of Krasnoyarsk on the right bank of Yenisey as well as eastern Krasnoyarsk Krai.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Yury Shvytkin, former Member of Legislative Assembly of Krasnoyarsk Krai and Police Colonel.

Yenisei
The Yenisey or Yenisei (/ˌjɛnɪˈseɪ/, YEN-iss-AY; Russian: Енисе́й, pronounced [jɪnʲɪˈsʲej]) is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean.

Rising in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia, it follows a northerly course through Lake Baikal and the Krasnoyarsk Dam before draining into the Yenisey Gulf in the Kara Sea. The Yenisey divides the Western Siberian Plain in the west from the Central Siberian Plateau to the east; it drains a large part of central Siberia. Its delta is formed between the Gyda Peninsula and the Taymyr Peninsula.

It is the central one of three large Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob and the Lena). The maximum depth of the Yenisey is 61 metres (200 ft) and the average depth is 14 metres (45 ft).
Étienne Didot
Étienne Didot (born 24 July 1983) is a French former professional footballer who primarily played as a centre midfielder. Didot made over 400 appearances in Ligue 1 playing for Stade Rennais F.C., Toulouse FC, and En Avant de Guingamp.

En Avant Guingamp
En Avant Guingamp (Breton: War-raok Gwengamp, English: Forward Guingamp), commonly referred to as EA Guingamp, EAG, or simply Guingamp (French: [ɡɛ̃ɡɑ̃]), is a French professional football club based in the commune of Guingamp, in France's Brittany region. The club was founded in 1912 and play in Ligue 2, the second tier of French football. The club has appeared in the Ligue 1, the top flight of French football, for 13 seasons, and is known for its relative success given Guingamp's small population of only 7,000 people.

Guingamp are one of only two clubs who have won the Coupe de France while not being in the first division, doing so in 2009, by defeating Rennes, 2–1. They won the same competition in 2014, again with a victory against Rennes, 2–0.
ArtSpace Louisville
Formerly the Brown Office Building, ArtSpace is a mixed-use development space for not-for-profit organizations and educational institutions in Louisville, Kentucky. The space includes the Brown Theatre, a non-profit business incubator, arts administrative offices, classrooms, meeting spaces, a rehearsal hall, and costume shop.

Brown Theatre
The W. L. Lyons Brown Theatre, originally called the Brown Theatre, is a restored theatre in Louisville, Kentucky. Dating to 1925, it seats approximately 1,400 patrons and is one of three venues owned by Kentucky Performing Arts.
Battle at Big Rock
Battle at Big Rock is a 2019 American short film directed by Colin Trevorrow. It is part of the Jurassic Park franchise and follows the events of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018). It stars André Holland, Natalie Martinez, Melody Hurd, and Pierson Salvador. The short premiered on FX on September 15, 2019 and was subsequently released online. It received generally positive reviews from critics.

Natalie Martinez
Natalie Martinez (born July 12, 1984) is an American actress and model. She appeared in the 2008 film Death Race, several music videos between 2003 and 2011, and two short-lived telenovelas in 2006 and 2007. Martinez starred in the single season of the crime drama Detroit 1-8-7, had a recurring role for one season of CSI: NY, starred in one season of the drama series Kingdom, and appeared in the 2019 science fiction miniseries The I-Land. In 2021, Martinez began starring in the NBC drama series  Ordinary Joe.
VR6 engine
The VR6 engine is a six-cylinder engine configuration developed by Volkswagen. The name VR6 comes from the combination of German words “verkürzt” and “Reihenmotor” meaning "Shortened" and “inline engine” respectively. It was developed specifically for transverse engine installations and front-wheel drive (FWD) vehicles. The VR6 is a highly compact engine, due to the narrower angle of 10.5 to 15 degrees between cylinder banks, as opposed to the traditional V6 angles ranging from 45 to 90 degrees. The compact design is cheaper to manufacture, since only one cylinder head is required for all six cylinders, much like a traditional inline-6 engine.

Volkswagen Group introduced the first VR6 engine in 1991 and VR6 engines remained in production until late 2024. Volkswagen also produced a five-cylinder VR5 engine based on the VR6.

Front-wheel drive
Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel-drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longitudinal engine arrangement generally found in rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive vehicles.
Chilean toaster
The Chilean toaster (tostador chileno) is a kitchen appliance created in Chile around the 1920s and popularized from the 1950s onwards. It is an appliance usually used in gas stoves and is one of the traditional kitchen utensils of Chile, making it a characteristic part of its popular culture; among the foods that are usually heated or prepared using a Chilean toaster are bread (especially marraqueta), humitas, sopaipillas and rice.

In Italy there is a variation known as brustolina.

Marraqueta
A marraqueta (also known by other names) is a bread roll made with wheat flour, salt, water and yeast.

This type of roll has a crusty exterior. In Chile, the bread dates to the 1800s, and it is considered a national food of Bolivia. It is served for breakfast, lunch, and dinner and is the most common bread found in Bolivian bakeries.

In 2024, marraqueta was listed as the third best bread in the world by Taste Atlas.
Della (album)
Della is a studio album by American singer Della Reese accompanied by a big band led by Neal Hefti. Released in January 1960, the album was Reese's first for RCA Victor following her departure from Jubilee Records in 1959. The album, produced by Hugo & Luigi, was one of her most successful and was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1961. All of the recordings were covers of standards including "Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)", which made the US Hot 100 in 1960. It was Reese's first album to make the US albums chart and received mostly positive reviews. Reese came up with some of her own vocal arrangements, and these were expanded by Hefti, who added new twists of his own.

Hugo & Luigi
Hugo & Luigi were an American record producing team, the duo of songwriters and producers Hugo Peretti and Luigi Creatore. They shared an office in New York's Brill Building, and besides their working relationship, were cousins.
Friedrich Christian Feustking
Friedrich Christian Feustking (1678 – 3 February 1739) was a German theologian, poet and a librettist of operas and Singspiele for the Oper am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg.

Feustking studied theology at the University of Wittenberg and then moved to Hamburg in 1702 where he taught privately. He also wrote, and provided three libretti for the Oper am Gänsemarkt in 1704 through early 1705. In 1705 he was appointed minister in Tolk near Schleswig. In the summer of 1706 he moved to Italy. He died in Tolk on 3 February 1739.

Oper am Gänsemarkt
The Oper am Gänsemarkt was a theatre in Hamburg, Germany, built in 1678 after plans of Girolamo Sartorio at the Gänsemarkt square. It was the first public opera house to be established in Germany: not a court opera, as in many other towns. Everybody could buy a ticket, like in Venice. Most works were in the German language or translated librettos (from Italian).

The building was torn down in 1756, but rebuilt in 1765.
Feng Shui Family
Feng Shui Family (Chinese: 風水世家; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hong-suí-sè-ka) is a Taiwanese Hokkien television drama that began airing on Formosa Television in Taiwan on 17 July 2012 to 7 March 2014. The show aired in Taiwan every weeknight at prime time (20:00). The series was one of the longest running Taiwanese television dramas, with 426 episodes.

Prime time
Prime time (sometimes spelled primetime), or peak time, is the block of broadcast programming taking place during the middle of the evening for television shows. It is mostly targeted towards adults (and sometimes families). It is used by the major television networks to broadcast their season's nightly programming. The term prime-time is often defined in terms of a fixed time period—for example, (in the United States), from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. (Eastern and Pacific Time) or 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (Central and Mountain Time). In India and some Middle Eastern countries, prime time consists of programmes that are aired on television between 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. local time.
Kathleen O'Malley
Mary Kathleen O'Malley (March 31, 1924 – February 25, 2019) was an American film and television actress, who was the daughter of vaudevillian and actor Pat O'Malley. Her screen debut came during the silent film era as a thirteen month old baby in 1926, when she appeared alongside her father and her sister Sheila in the western My Old Dutch.

O'Malley went on to appear in several films and television shows during a seven decade career, including Cover Girl, Lady on a Train, Two Tickets to Broadway, Gunsmoke, Maverick, Rawhide, Leave it to Beaver and General Hospital. O'Malley also appeared in the second season of Barnaby Jones; episode titled, "Blind Terror" (09/16/1973). Her last acting credit came in 1998 when she appeared in the short-lived American crime drama Buddy Faro.

My Old Dutch (1926 film)
My Old Dutch is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by Laurence Trimble and starring May McAvoy and Pat O'Malley. It was produced and distributed by Universal Pictures. Trimble had directed a 1915 British version of My Old Dutch that was also released by Universal.
Volcano: The Blast Coaster
Volcano: The Blast Coaster, or simply Volcano, was an inverted launched roller coaster located at Kings Dominion in Doswell, Virginia, United States. Designed by Werner Stengel, it was the first launched roller coaster manufactured by Intamin and the first of its kind in the world to be inverted. Its launch mechanism utilized linear induction motor (LIM) technology. After a series of delays, Volcano opened to the public on August 3, 1998. A portion of the ride was enclosed inside an artificial mountain, constructed in 1979, which previously housed other attractions. Following nearly two decades of operation, Volcano abruptly closed a few weeks into the 2018 season, and the closure became permanent during the following offseason. In 2024, Rapterra, a launched wing coaster, was announced to replace Volcano.

Intamin
Intamin Amusement Rides is a design and manufacturing company in Schaan, Liechtenstein, best-known for designing and constructing thrill rides and roller coasters at dozens of international theme parks, amusement parks and other establishments. The Intamin brand name is a syllabic abbreviation for "international amusement installations". The company has corporate offices across the world, including three in Europe, three in Asia, and two in the United States.
Abstract Wiener space
The concept of an abstract Wiener space is a mathematical construction developed by Leonard Gross to understand the structure of Gaussian measures on infinite-dimensional spaces. The construction emphasizes the fundamental role played by the Cameron–Martin space. The classical Wiener space is the prototypical example.

The structure theorem for Gaussian measures states that all Gaussian measures can be represented by the abstract Wiener space construction.

Cylindrical σ-algebra
In mathematics — specifically, in measure theory and functional analysis — the cylindrical σ-algebra or product σ-algebra is a type of σ-algebra which is often used when studying product measures or probability measures of random variables on Banach spaces.

For a product space, the cylinder σ-algebra is the one that is generated by cylinder sets.

In the context of a Banach space  and its dual space of continuous linear functionals  the cylindrical σ-algebra  is defined to be the coarsest σ-algebra (that is, the one with the fewest measurable sets) such that every continuous linear function on  is a measurable function.  In general,  is not the same as the Borel σ-algebra on  which is the coarsest σ-algebra that contains all open subsets of
Hidden Agenda (1990 film)
Hidden Agenda is a 1990 political thriller film directed by Ken Loach with a screenplay by Jim Allen. The film stars Frances McDormand, Brian Cox, Brad Dourif, Maurice Roëves, Ian McElhinney, Mai Zetterling and Michelle Fairley. The plot follows the investigation of a killing in Northern Ireland by British security forces.

Michelle Fairley
Michelle Fairley is a Northern Irish actress. She is best known for playing Catelyn Stark in the HBO series Game of Thrones (2011–2013). She has since appeared in the USA Network series Suits (2013), the Fox series 24: Live Another Day (2014), the RTÉ miniseries Rebellion (2016), the science fiction series The Feed (2019), the Sky Atlantic crime drama Gangs of London (2020–present), and the Netflix series How to Get to Heaven from Belfast (2026).
Dalegarth railway station
Dalegarth railway station is the easterly terminus of the 15-inch gauge Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway in the English county of Cumbria. It has a café and shop for passengers, along with a run-round loop, turntable and siding for trains.

The station is situated near the village of Boot in the civil parish of Eskdale and the Lake District National Park. It lies between the Whillan Beck, a tributary of the River Esk, and the road from Ravenglass to Windermere, via the Hardknott and Wrynose passes.

River Esk (Ravenglass)
The River Esk, sometimes called the Cumbrian Esk, is a river in Cumbria, England. It flows for approximately 25 km (15.5 miles) from its source in the Scafells range of mountains to its estuary at Ravenglass. The valley it flows through is known as Eskdale. It is one of two Rivers Esk in Cumbria, and not to be confused with the Border Esk which flows into Cumbria from Scotland.

In his book The Origins Of English Place Names, P. H. Reaney says that the river's name is derived from the Brythonic word *Iska ("abounding in fish") and cognate with the modern Welsh word Pysg ("fishes"). This derivation applies to many similarly named rivers throughout Britain including the Axe, Exe and Usk, the names evolving local distinctions over the centuries.

The Esk is, in part, paralleled by the narrow-gauge Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway and as a consequence the railway has named one of its steam locomotives after the river.
Selective surface
In solar thermal collectors, a selective surface or selective absorber is a means of increasing its operation temperature and/or efficiency. The selectivity is defined as the ratio of solar radiation absorption (αsol) to thermal infrared radiation emission (εtherm).

Selective surfaces take advantage of the differing wavelengths of incident solar radiation and the emissive radiation from the absorbing surface:

Solar radiation covers approximately the wavelengths 350 nm to 4000 nm; UV-A, visible and near infrared (NIR, or IR-A plus IR-B).

Thermal infrared radiation, from materials with temperatures approximately in the interval -40 to 100 °C, covers approximately the wavelengths 4000 nm to 40,000 nm = 4 um to 40 um; The thermal infrared radiation interval being named or covered by: MIR, LWIR or IR-C.

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy—and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).

A notable effect of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is attenuation of the radiation; attenuation is the gradual reduction of the intensity of light waves as they propagate through a medium.

Although the absorption of waves does not usually depend on their intensity (linear absorption), in certain conditions (optics) the medium's transparency changes by a factor that varies as a function of wave intensity, and saturable absorption (or nonlinear absorption) occurs.