hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Punctelia bolliana
Punctelia bolliana, the eastern speckled shield lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in North America, with a distribution extending from the Canadian province of Ontario south to the central and northeastern United States and Mexico. It grows on the bark of both deciduous trees and coniferous trees. The combination of characteristics that distinguishes this species from others in genus Punctelia are the absence of the vegetative propagules isidia and soralia, a pale brown lower thallus surface, and the presence of the secondary chemical protolichesterinic acid in the medulla.

Soredium
Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens.  Lichens reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae. These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus, or produced in localized structures called soralia. Fungal hyphae make up the basic body structure of a lichen. The soredia are released through openings in the upper cortex of the lichen structure. After their release, the soredia disperse to establish the lichen in a new location.
Sonny Angara
Juan Edgardo "Sonny" Manalang Angara (Tagalog: [aŋˈɡara]; born July 15, 1972) is a Filipino lawyer and politician who has since 2024 served as the 54th secretary of education. He has concurrently served as chairman of the Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas since 2016 and as the president of the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino since 2018.

A graduate of the London School of Economics and the University of the Philippines College of Law, Angara entered politics in 2004 after being elected as the representative of Aurora's at-large district, a seat he would hold until 2013. During his tenure, he supported the impeachment of Renato Corona and acted deputy spokesperson of the House prosecution panel. Angara was elected to the Senate of the Philippines in 2013 and served until 2024 before resigning to become the secretary of education.

Aurora's at-large congressional district
Aurora's at-large congressional district is the sole congressional district of the Philippines in the province of Aurora. It has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1987 and earlier in the Batasang Pambansa from 1984 to 1986. Aurora first elected a single representative provincewide at-large for the Regular Batasang Pambansa following its creation as a regular province separate from Quezon in 1978 and the subsequent 1984 Philippine constitutional plebiscite that amended the 1973 constitution and abolished the regional at-large assembly districts. Before 1978, the province was represented in the national legislatures as part of Quezon's (formerly Tayabas) 1st and at-large congressional districts. The district was re-created on February 2, 1987 following the ratification of the 1987 constitution that restored the House of Representatives. It is currently represented in the 20th Congress by Rommel T. Angara of the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP).
Media Development Investment Fund
Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF), formerly Media Development Loan Fund, is a New York-registered non-profit 501(c)(3) organization and mission-driven investment fund that provides low-cost financing to independent news and information businesses in challenging environments, mostly in countries with a history of media oppression. As one of the United States–based groups involved in direct media development, it specializes in impact investing and provides affordable debt, equity and quasi-equity financing to help journalists build sustainable businesses around professional, responsible, quality journalism.

In 2016, MDIF was declared an "undesirable" organization by the Office of Prosecutor General of Russia using Russian undesirable organizations law and put on the list of organisations banned in Russia.

Prosecutor General of Russia
The Prosecutor General of Russia (also Attorney General of Russia, Russian: Генеральный прокурор Российской Федерации, romanized: Generalʹnyy prokuror Rossiyskoy Federatsii) heads the system of official prosecution in courts and heads the Office of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation. The Prosecutor General remains one of the most powerful component of the Russian judicial system.
Bazaars in Karachi
There are bazaars in every neighborhood of Karachi, Pakistan. The most popular bazaars in Karachi are: Tariq Road, Bohri Bazaar, Soldier Bazaar, Sarafa Bazar, Meena Bazaar, Urdu Bazaar, etc. There are generally thousands of small individually-owned or family-owned shops and stalls in each old style Bazaar or shopping area. Only some of the newly built shopping malls in the suburban areas of city of Karachi may be managed by a large organization or a commercial company.

Saddar Town area is the old central shopping area in Karachi. Main streets for your shopping pleasure are Abdullah Haroon Road, Zaibunnisa Street, Zainab Market and Bohri Bazaar. For meats and groceries, you can head to the Empress Market. This is a vast Victorian structure in Mughal Gothic style, with a domineering 50 meters high clock tower in the front center of the building. Empress Market houses hundreds of shops and stalls so shoppers would have plenty of choice and a wide variety of consumer goods.

Empress Market
The Empress Market (Urdu: ایمپریس مارکیٹ, Sindhi: ايمپريس مارڪيٽ) is a marketplace situated in the Saddar Town locality of Karachi, Pakistan. The market traces its origins to the British Raj era, when it was first constructed. Today, it is amongst the most popular and busy places for shopping in Karachi. Commodities sold in the Empress Market range from condiments, fruit, vegetables and meat to stationery material, textiles and pets. A recreational park called Jahangir Park also is located nearby.
Ulisse De Matteis
Ulisse De Matteis (1827-1910) was a Florentine artist who worked primarily in stained glass. De Matteis created windows for many of the most important monuments in Tuscany and Liguria, including the Bargello, Florence Cathedral, Santa Croce, Santa Trinita, Siena Cathedral, Prato Cathedral, San Michele in Foro in Lucca, Genoa Cathedral, Mackenzie Castle, and San Francesco d'Albaro. De Matteis' work is also found in England, in the Church of St. Mary in Lastingham.

Santa Trinita
Santa Trinita (pronounced [ˈsanta ˈtriːnita]; Italian for "Holy Trinity") is a Roman Catholic church located in front of the piazza of the same name, traversed by Via de' Tornabuoni, in central Florence, Tuscany, Italy. It is the mother church of the Vallumbrosan Order of Monks, founded in 1092 by a Florentine nobleman. South on Via de' Tornabuoni is the Ponte Santa Trinita over the river Arno; across the street is the Palazzo Spini Feroni.
2013 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 2013 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team represented the University of Delaware as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) during the 2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by first-year head coach Dave Brock, the Fightin' Blue Hens compiled an overall record of 7–5 with a mark of 4–4 in conference play, placing in a three-way tie for fifth in the CAA. The team played home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.

2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season
The 2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season, part of college football in the United States, was organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level. The season began on August 29, 2013, and concluded with the 2014 NCAA Division I Football Championship Game on January 4, 2014, at Toyota Stadium in Frisco, Texas. North Dakota State won its third consecutive title, defeating Towson, 35–7.
Anna Persson
Anna Persson (born February 22, 1986) is a Swedish orienteering competitor and junior world champion.

She became Junior World Champion in the relay in Gdańsk in 2004, together with Elina Skantze and Helena Jansson, and received 
an individual gold medal in the middle distance in Tenero in 2005. She received silver medals in the relay event in 2005 and in 2006.

Helena Bergman
Helena Bergman (née Jansson, born 28 August 1985) is a Swedish orienteer who became World Champion in the sprint distance in Miskolc, Hungary in 2009. She lives in Stockholm and competes for OK Ravinen. She is married to Gustav Bergman.
Tyrosinase
Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. The enzyme is mainly involved in two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis otherwise known as the Raper–Mason pathway. Firstly, the hydroxylation of a monophenol and secondly, the conversion of an o-diphenol to the corresponding o-quinone. o-Quinone undergoes several reactions to eventually form melanin. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues that catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments from tyrosine by oxidation. It is found inside melanosomes which are synthesized in the skin melanocytes. In humans, the tyrosinase enzyme is encoded by the TYR gene.

Tyrosine
L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Greek tyrós, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in the protein casein from cheese. It is called tyrosyl when referred to as a functional group or side chain. While tyrosine is generally classified as a hydrophobic amino acid, it is more hydrophilic than phenylalanine. It is encoded by the codons UAC and UAU in messenger RNA.

The one-letter symbol Y was assigned to tyrosine for being alphabetically nearest of those letters available. Note that T was assigned to the structurally simpler threonine, U was avoided for its similarity with V for valine, W was assigned to tryptophan, while X was reserved for undetermined or atypical amino acids. The mnemonic tYrosine was also proposed.
1985 Air Mali Antonov An-24 crash
On 22 February 1985, an Air Mali Antonov An-24V operating a domestic flight in Mali from to Gao International Airport, Gao, to Mopti Airport, Sévaré, crashed on takeoff from Timbuktu Airport, Timbuktu, where the flight had a stopover, after suffering from an engine failure in a sandstorm. Of the 52 occupants of the aircraft, there was only one survivor. The crash killed Attaher Maïga, a former Malian member of parliament and minister, and a dozen members of the United Nations.

The crash temporarily halted flights to Timbuktu. Increasing debts forced the airline to shut down.

Gao International Airport
16°14′54″N 000°00′20″E﻿ / ﻿16.24833°N 0.00556°E﻿ / 16.24833; 0.00556

Gao International Airport (IATA: GAQ, ICAO: GAGO), also known as Korogoussou Airport (French: Aéroport de Korogoussou), is an airport in Gao, Mali. The airport's runway crosses through the prime meridian.
Gilles Pisier
Gilles I. Pisier (born 18 November 1950) is a professor of mathematics at the Pierre and Marie Curie University and a distinguished professor and A.G. and M.E. Owen Chair of Mathematics at the Texas A&M University. He is known for his contributions to several fields of mathematics, including functional analysis, probability theory, harmonic analysis, and operator theory. He has also made fundamental contributions to the theory of  C*-algebras. Gilles is the younger brother of French actress Marie-France Pisier.

Operator theory
In mathematics, operator theory is the study of linear operators on function spaces, beginning with differential operators and integral operators. The operators may be presented abstractly by their characteristics, such as bounded linear operators or closed operators, and consideration may be given to nonlinear operators. The study, which depends heavily on the topology of function spaces, is a branch of functional analysis.

If a collection of operators forms an algebra over a field, then it is an operator algebra. The description of operator algebras is part of operator theory.
Bahrain National Museum
The Bahrain National Museum (Arabic: متحف البحرين الوطني, romanized: Matḥaf al-Baḥrayn al-Waṭanī) is the largest and oldest public museum in Bahrain. It is situated in Manama, adjacent to the National Theatre of Bahrain. Opened on 15 December 1988 by the Emir of Bahrain Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the $30 million museum complex covers 27,800 sq meters and is the country's most popular tourist attraction. It is believed to be the region's first modern museum.

Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Isa bin Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa (Arabic: عيسى بن سلمان آل خليفة; 3 June 1933 – 6 March 1999) was a Bahraini royal who served as the first Emir of Bahrain from 1961 until his death in 1999 (after having previously ruled as Hakim of Bahrain until 16 August 1971).

Born in Jasra, Bahrain, he became emir upon the death of his father, Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa.
The Fearless Benjamin Lay
The Fearless Benjamin Lay: The Quaker Dwarf Who Became the First Revolutionary Abolitionist is a biography of Benjamin Lay written by Marcus Rediker and published by Beacon Press on September 5, 2017. The book was followed by a companion graphic novel entitled Prophet Against Slavery in 2021.

Beacon Press
Beacon Press is an American left-wing non-profit book publisher. Founded in 1854 by the American Unitarian Association, it is currently a department of the Unitarian Universalist Association. It is known for publishing authors such as James Baldwin, Mary Oliver, Martin Luther King Jr., and Viktor Frankl, as well as The Pentagon Papers.
Kesternich test
The Kesternich test is a common name for the corrosion test with sulfur dioxide (SO2) under general moisture condensation. This test was developed in 1951 by Wilhelm Kesternich to simulate the damaging effects of acid rain. 
Acid rain and acidic industrial pollutants are corrosive and can degrade coatings and plated surfaces. Kesternich testing, or sulfur dioxide testing, simulates acid rain or industrial chemical exposure to evaluate the relative corrosion resistance of the coating, substrate, or part itself. The test can be used for coatings or for base materials. 
The test method is defined by various standards,  DIN EN ISO 6988, DIN 50018, ASTM G87, ISO 3231, ISO 22479 are the most common. The parts to be tested are placed in a test chamber with a capacity of 300L and exposed to warm, moist air in combination with a certain amount of sulfur dioxide

Note: Sulfur is interchangeable with Sulphur and SO2 is the abbreviation for Sulfur/Sulphur Dioxide

Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (IUPAC-recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English) is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic activity and is produced as a by-product of metals refining and the burning of sulfur-bearing hydrocarbon fuels.

Sulfur dioxide is somewhat toxic to humans, although only when inhaled in relatively large quantities for a period of several minutes or more. It was known to medieval alchemists as "volatile spirit of sulfur".
Kikatapula
Kikatapula (c. 1800 – 13 May 1832) was a leading Indigenous figure during the British invasion and colonisation of Van Diemen's Land, later known as Tasmania. Also called Kickerterpoller or Black Tom Birch, he spent part of his youth living with the colonists, learning English and being baptised as a Christian. During the 1820s, he withdrew from British ways, and became a feared and formidable leader of Indigenous resistance during the early stages of the Black War.

He was eventually caught and jailed and, with limited options, he agreed to act as a guide for a roving party of armed colonists to capture other Aboriginal Tasmanians or Palawa as they are also known. Kikatapula was then ordered to accompany George Augustus Robinson on his 'friendly mission' to round up the remaining Indigenous people and exile them to Flinders Island. After the successful removal of the most notable Palawa (including himself), Kikatapula died guiding Robinson during a later expedition in 1832.

Flinders Island
Flinders Island, the largest island in the Furneaux Group, is a 1,367-square-kilometre (528 sq mi) island in the Bass Strait, northeast of the island of Tasmania. Today Flinders Island is part of the state of Tasmania, Australia. It is 54 kilometres (34 mi) from Cape Portland and is located on 40° south, a zone known as the Roaring Forties.
Liv and Maddie: Music from the TV Series
Liv and Maddie (Music from the TV Series) is a soundtrack to the Disney Channel series Liv and Maddie. It features 12 songs performed by Dove Cameron, and a song performed by Jordan Fisher. The soundtrack was released on March 17, 2015 by Walt Disney Records.

Walt Disney Records
Walt Disney Records is an American record label owned by the Disney Music Group. The label releases soundtrack albums from the Walt Disney Company's motion picture studios, television shows, theme parks and traditional studio albums produced by its roster of pop, teen pop and country artists.

The music label was founded in the Spring of 1956 as Disneyland Records. Before that time, Disney recordings were licensed to a variety of other labels such as RCA, Decca, Capitol, ABC-Paramount, and United Artists. It was Disney Legend Jimmy Johnson who convinced Walt Disney’s brother Roy O. Disney that Disney, at time known as Walt Disney Productions should form their own record label. It adopted its current name in 1988 and is currently distributed worldwide by Universal Music Group.
Joseva Talacolo
Joseva Talacolo (/ˌtæləˈðɒloʊ, -θɒl-/ TAL-ə-THOL-oh, born 1 April 1997) is a Fijian rugby union player for the Fiji national rugby sevens team. He was selected as part of the Fijian squad for the 2024 Summer Olympics.

Fiji national rugby sevens team
The Fiji national rugby sevens team has competed in the World Rugby Sevens Series, Rugby World Cup Sevens and the Olympics. Fiji won the gold medal in the inaugural rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics in 2016 in Brazil, the country's first Olympic medal in any event, and repeated as Olympic champions in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, defeating New Zealand. Fiji would fall short from winning gold for a third straight time in 2024 after a defeat in the final to hosts France. Overall, Fiji are the only national rugby sevens team in the world to have won the Sevens Treble (the Olympics, Sevens Series, and World Cup), the three major achievements in Sevens. They have won multiple World Rugby Sevens Series and Rugby World Cup Sevens.

Fiji Sevens is watched and enjoyed by fans around the world for its style of play — the "Flying Fijians" play with Fijian flair. Their passing and offloads can be unorthodox for traditional rugby coaching, and more similar to basketball style.
The House Next Door (2006 film)
The House Next Door is a 2006 Lifetime Television film, directed by Jeff Woolnough and starring Mark-Paul Gosselaar, Lara Flynn Boyle and Colin Ferguson. The film is based on the 1978 novel of the same name by Anne Rivers Siddons.

Mark-Paul Gosselaar
Mark-Paul Harry Gosselaar (/ˈɡɒslər/; born March 1, 1974) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Zack Morris in the NBC series Saved by the Bell (1989–1993), its sequel Saved by the Bell: The College Years (1993–1994), and the next-generation revival on Peacock (2020). For this role, he won three Young Artist Awards in 1991 and 1993, and a YoungStar Award in 1995, as well as other accolades.

He was the lead in the film Dead Man on Campus (1998). He played Detective John Clark Jr. in the ABC police drama NYPD Blue (2001–2005), Peter Bash in the TNT legal series Franklin & Bash (2011–2014), and Paul Jackson in the ABC sitcom series Mixed-ish (2019–2021). He starred in the single-season Fox series Pitch (2016) and The Passage (2019). He was the main antagonist in the weekly NBC procedural drama Found (2023–2025).
One and Only (horse)
One And Only (Japanese: ワンアンドオンリー, foaled 23 February 2011) is a Japanese retired Thoroughbred racehorse and sire best known for his win in the 2014 Tokyo Yushun (Japanese Derby). He showed great promise as a juvenile in 2013 when he won two of his six races including the Grade 3 Radio Nikkei Hai Nisai Stakes. In the following year he ran second in the Yayoi Sho and fourth in the Satsuki Sho before taking the Tokyo Yushun and added another major success in autumn when he won the Kobe Shimbun Hai. He finished third in the Dubai Sheema Classic on his first appearance as a four-year-old but was disappointing thereafter as he failed to win or place in nineteen subsequent races.

Kobe Shimbun Hai
The Kobe Shimbun Hai (Japanese 神戸新聞杯) is a  Grade 2 flat horse race in Japan for three-year-old Thoroughbreds. It is run over a distance of 2400 metres at Hanshin Racecourse in Takarazuka, Hyogo, in September, but was contested over 2000 metres until 2006.

The Kobe Shimbun Hai was first run in 1953 and was elevated to Grade 2 status in 1984. It serves as a trial race for the Kikuka Sho. Winners of the race have included Deep Impact, Zenno Rob Roy and Orfevre.
Chrysorthenches argentea
Chrysorthenches argentea is a species of moth in the family Plutellidae. It was described by John S. Dugdale in 1996. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been observed in the Buller District and in the West Coast. The larval host is Manoao colensoi. Adults are on the wing in December.

Manoao
Manoao (/ˈmɑːnoʊaʊ/ MAH-noh-ow) is a monotypic genus in the family Podocarpaceae. The single species, M. colensoi, commonly known as manoao (from Māori), silver pine, Westland pine, or white silver pine, is endemic to New Zealand. Before 1996 it was classified in genus Dacrydium or Lagarostrobos, but has recently been recognised as a distinct genus; some botanists still treat it in Lagarostrobos on the basis that it is not phylogenetically distinct from that genus. In molecular phylogenetic analyses Manoao was found to be related to Parasitaxus (a parasitic and monotypic genus from New Caledonia) and Lagarostrobos (a single species from Tasmania when narrowly defined), but their exact relationships are unresolved.

Manoao colensoi is a slow-growing evergreen tree up to 15 m (49 ft) in height, in shady, wet areas of New Zealand. It is a source of fine, straight and durable timber.
Lorne Park Secondary School
Lorne Park Secondary School (often abbreviated as LP or LPSS) is a public high school located in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. It serves the Lorne Park neighbourhood, as well as a larger catchment area for the Extended French program for all of southern Mississauga. Lorne Park is well known in the Peel region for both its academic rigor and the successful sports teams from which many professional athletes have emerged.

Peel District School Board
The Peel District School Board (PDSB; known as English-Language Public District School Board No. 19 prior to 1999) is a school district that serves approximately 153,000 kindergarten to grade 12 students at more than 259 schools in the Region of Peel (municipalities of Caledon, Brampton and Mississauga) in Ontario, also to the west of Toronto.

The board employs more than 15,000 full-time staff and is the largest employer in Peel Region. As of 2023 it is the second largest school board in Canada.