hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cremasque Territory
The Cremasque Territory (Cremish: Teretore cremàsch, Italian: Territorio cremasco) is a geographical area located in the Lombardy, corresponding to the northern part of the Province of Cremona, of which it represents the most industrialized and densely inhabited area. Its main center is the city of Crema and currently constitutes one of the 4 employment districts into which the province of Cremona is divided.

Crema, Lombardy
Crema (Italian: [ˈkrɛːma]; Cremish Lombard: Crèma) is a city and comune (municipality) in the province of Cremona, in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. It is built along the river Serio at 43 km (27 mi) from Cremona. It is also the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Crema, who gave the title of city to Crema.

Crema's main economic activities traditionally (since the 11th century) related to agriculture, cattle breeding and making wool, but its manufactures in later centuries include cheese, iron products and cotton and wool textiles.
Luther Hackman
Luther Gean Hackman (born October 10, 1974) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Colorado Rockies, St. Louis Cardinals, and San Diego Padres, in the KBO League for the Samsung Lions, and in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) for the Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions.

KBO League
The KBO League (Korean: KBO 리그) is a professional baseball league in South Korea. The league comprises ten teams. The KBO League was founded with six franchises in 1982 and is the most popular sports league in South Korea. The Kia Tigers are the most successful team, having won 12 of the 44 championships.

In comparison with American Major League Baseball, ESPN reports that the KBO level of play "appears to be somewhere between Double-A and Triple-A, on average, though the best players are more likely to be MLB-quality than your typical Double-A league." Historically, the KBO is known for its vocal and exuberant fan base, as well as the widespread practice of bat flips (ppa-dun (Korean: 빠던), a portmanteau of the "first syllables of the words for 'bat' and 'throw'") by hitters after striking what they think will be a home run. In the KBO, the bat flipping tradition dates to the 1990s.
History of the hamburger in the United States
A hamburger is a specific type of burger. It is a sandwich that consists of a cooked ground beef meat patty, placed between halves of a sliced bun. Hamburgers are often served with various condiments, such as dill relish (condiment), mayonnaise, and other options including lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, and cheese.

Mayonnaise
Mayonnaise (/ˌmeɪəˈneɪz/), colloquially referred to as "mayo" (/ˈmeɪoʊ/), is a thick, creamy sauce with a rich and tangy taste that is commonly used on sandwiches, hamburgers, bound salads, and French fries. It also forms the base for various other sauces, such as tartar sauce, fry sauce, remoulade, salsa golf, ranch dressing, and rouille.

Mayonnaise is an emulsion of oil, egg yolk, and an acid, either vinegar or lemon juice; there are many variants using additional flavorings. The color varies from near-white to pale yellow, and its texture from a light cream to a thick gel.

Commercial eggless versions are made for those who avoid chicken eggs because of egg allergies, to limit dietary cholesterol, or because they adhere to a vegetarian or vegan diet.
Tramea
Tramea is a genus of dragonflies in the family Libellulidae,
the skimmers and perchers. Species of Tramea are found in tropical and subtropical regions around the globe.
They typically have colored bases to their otherwise translucent hindwings. In particular when they fly, this creates the impression of their carrying bags at the start of their abdomens. They are known commonly as saddlebags or saddlebags gliders.

Tramea eurybia
Tramea eurybia is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae, 
known as the dune glider. 
It inhabits still waters on the Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands, New Guinea and Fiji; and can be found at dune lakes in eastern Australia.
It is a medium-sized dragonfly with red, brown and black markings and a distinctive dark patch at the base of the hindwing.

Tramea eurybia appears similar to Tramea stenoloba.
Kaiji: Final Game
Kaiji: Final Game (Japanese: カイジ ファイナルゲーム, Hepburn: Kaiji Fainaru Gēmu) is a 2020 Japanese live-action film based on the manga series Kaiji by Nobuyuki Fukumoto. It is the final installment of a trilogy directed by Tōya Satō and premiered in Japan on January 10, 2020. Unlike the first two previous films, Kaiji and Kaiji 2, Kaiji: Final Game is not based on a specific part of the series and it is a completely original story written by Fukumoto.

Kaiji (film)
Kaiji (カイジ 人生逆転ゲーム, Kaiji: Jinsei Gyakuten Gēmu; Kaiji: Life Turn-Around Game), also known as Kaiji: The Ultimate Gambler, is a 2009 Japanese live-action film based on Gambling Apocalypse: Kaiji, the first part of the manga series Kaiji by Nobuyuki Fukumoto. It is the first film of a trilogy directed by Tōya Satō and premiered in Japan on October 10, 2009. It was followed by Kaiji 2, released in 2011.
Musa al-Mubarqa'
Mūsā ibn Muḥammad al-Mubarqaʿ (Arabic: موسى بن محمد المبرقع) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Musa was the son of Muhammad al-Jawad (d. 835) and the younger brother of Ali al-Hadi (d. 868), the ninth and tenth Imams in Twelver Shia.  He is known to be a common ancestor of the Ridawi sayyids, who descended from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through Ali al-Rida (d. 818), the eighth Imam in Twelver Shia and Musa's grandfather. He was known by the title al-Mubarqaʿ (Arabic: المبرقع) probably because he covered his face with a burqa' (Arabic: بُرقَع, lit. 'veil') to remain anonymous in public. Traditions narrated by him are cited by some Twelver scholars, including al-Kulayni and al-Mufid.

Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq al-Kulaynī ar-Rāzī (محمد بن یعقوب بن اسحاق کلینی رازی; أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ٱلْكُلَيْنِيُّ ٱلرَّازِيُّ; c. 255 AH / 868 CE – 329 AH / 941 CE) was a Persian Shia Muslim scholar, hadith compiler, and the author of Kitāb al-Kāfī.

He was known for his extensive travels in search of hadith, particularly in Qom and Baghdad, and received his education under numerous teachers, many of whom were contemporaries of the tenth and eleventh Shia Imams, Ali al-Hadi (835–868) and Hasan al-Askari (868–874). He was also a teacher of several prominent scholars, including Shaykh al-Saduq and Ibn Qulawayh.
Southern Star Amphitheatre
Southern Star Amphitheatre  was an amphitheatre located at AstroWorld in Houston, Texas. It opened in the southeast corner of the theme park in 1985. The venue was frequented by notable performers including The Beach Boys and Kansas. Prior to the Southern Star opening, concerts were held in the same area on a flat field with the stage at the east end. The Southern Star saw a decline in the number of top-billed acts when the Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion opened in 1990. Reserved seating was available and a grassy lawn was provided to guests with general admission. The venue closed along with the theme park in 2005.

Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion
The Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion, sometimes called The Woodlands Pavilion or simply The Pavilion, is a concert amphitheater located in The Woodlands, Texas, an outer suburb of Houston, Texas. It caters to both the performing arts and contemporary artists and is also available for rental. It is owned and operated by The Center for the Performing Arts at The Woodlands and is a non-profit organization. In March 2014, Huntsman signed a five-year contract to be the pavilion's presenting sponsor. The amphitheater seats 16,500 people and has been the second-most heavily used amphitheater in the world. The venue features 6,500 covered seats and up to 10,000 uncovered lawn capacity.
Gerald Alexander
Gerald Alexander (born June 28, 1984) is an American football coach and former safety. He played college football for the Boise State Broncos, and was selected by the Detroit Lions in the second round of the 2007 NFL draft. He also played for the Jacksonville Jaguars, Carolina Panthers, Miami Dolphins, and New York Jets. He is currently the defensive backs coach and pass game coordinator for the Minnesota Vikings.

Alexander was a former graduate assistant with Arkansas State University and University of Washington.  In July 2015, he became the defensive backs coach at Indiana State University. In December 2015, he accepted the position of defensive backs coach at Montana State University, working under head coach Jeff Choate.

Jeff Choate
Jeffrey Phillip Choate (born July 15, 1970) is an American college football coach. He is the head coach at the University of Nevada, Reno. Choate served as the head football coach at Montana State University from 2016 to 2019.
Minima naturalia
Minima naturalia ("natural minima") were theorized by Aristotle as the smallest parts into which a homogeneous natural substance (e.g., flesh, bone, or wood) could be divided and still retain its essential character. In this context, "nature" means formal nature. Thus, "natural minimum" may be taken to mean "formal minimum": the minimum amount of matter necessary to instantiate a certain form.

Speculation on minima naturalia in late Antiquity, in the Islamic world, and by Scholastic and Renaissance thinkers in Europe provided a conceptual bridge between the atomism of ancient Greece and the mechanistic philosophy of early modern thinkers like René Descartes, which in turn provided a background for the rigorously mathematical and experimental atomic theory of modern science.

History of atomic theory
Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries. Initially, it referred to a hypothetical fundamental particle of matter, too small to be seen by the naked eye, that could not be divided. Then the definition was refined to being the basic particles of the chemical elements, when chemists observed that elements seemed to combine with each other in ratios of small whole numbers. Then physicists discovered that these atoms had an internal structure of their own and therefore could be divided after all.

Atomic theory is one of the most important scientific developments in history, crucial to all the physical sciences. At the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, physicist and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept.
UPTI Affair
UPTI Affair (Ukrainian: Справа УФТІ, Sprava UFTI; Russian: Дело УФТИ, Delo UFTI) was a series of repressions against a number of scholars of the Ukrainian Physics and Technology Institute in Kharkov, Soviet Ukraine, by the Main Directorate of State Security (GUGB) during 1938, a part of the Great Purge.

As a result, the UFTI leaders, including a Soviet experimental physicist Lev Shubnikov, were arrested and executed during this crisis. In the response to the state of affairs, the Soviet physicists Moisey Korets and Lev Landau, wrote the Korets–Landau leaflet which directly condemned Joseph Stalin and the secret police NKVD. Korets and Landau, as well as another implicated scientist, Yuri Rumer, were arrested. Landau was released, but Korets and Rumer were imprisoned in sharashkas of gulag.

Yuri Rumer
Yuri Borisovich Rumer (Russian: Юрий Борисович Румер, 28 April 1901 – 1 February 1985) was a Soviet theoretical physicist, who mostly worked in the fields of quantum mechanics and quantum optics. Known in the West as Georg Rumer, he was a close friend of Lev Landau, and was arrested with him during the Great Purge in 1938.
Stevan Zdravković
Stevan Zdravković (Zivica, Principality of Serbia, 16 April 1835 - Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, 4 August 1900) was a Serbian general, professor and chief of the Serbian Military Academy in Belgrade, Minister of Public Works and State Adviser.

Zdravković was also a regular member of the Committee for Natural and Mathematical Sciences since 24 January 1871 and the Committee for the Dissemination of Science and Literature to the People since 1883; Secretary of the Committee for Natural and Mathematical Sciences (1881–1883); and honorary member since November 15, 1892. He also served as the 6th Dean of the Academic Board of the Military Academy in Serbia from 1880 to 1887. In 1897 he was named president of The Red Cross of Serbia, a post he held until 1899 when he was succeeded by Dragutin Franasović.

A year before the start of Serbian Wars for Independence, Zdravković held the rank of lieutenant colonel at the Serbian General Staff Headquarters and was Ranko Alimpić's subordinate.

Ranko Alimpić
Ranko Alimpić (Serbian Cyrillic: Ранко Алимпић; 1826 – 1882) was a Serbian military officer and politician. He was a general in command of the Drina Valley during the Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878). He was also a Minister of Public Works. Alimpić is remembered as a voivode. He also served as the 2nd Dean of the Academic Board of the Military Academy in Serbia and its chief (1859–1860).
Imoinu Iratpa
Imoinu Iratpa or Emoinu Iratpa or Wakching Taranithoini Pānba is a religious festival celebrated by the Meitei people. It is a festival of lights dedicated to the goddess of wealth and prosperity, Imoinu Ahongbi. The festival is celebrated on the twelfth lunar day of Wakching month of Meitei calendar. The festival is celebrated in Manipur, Assam and Tripura states in North Eastern India and observed by some in the neighboring Myanmar. The festival involves sacrifices and prayers to the goddess, followed by various other cultural events.

Meitei people
The Meitei people, also known as Meetei people, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the Indian State of  Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language (officially called Manipuri), one of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India and the sole official language of government of Manipur.
The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meiteis in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meiteis represent about 53% of Manipur's population.
Dan Gode
Dhananjay "Dan" Gode is a Clinical Associate Professor of Accounting, Taxation, and Business law at New York University Stern School of Business. He teaches courses in corporate financial accounting, and also teaches for the TRIUM Global Executive MBA Program, an alliance of NYU Stern, the London School of Economics and HEC School of Management.

New York University Stern School of Business
The New York University Stern School of Business (NYU Stern or Stern) is the business school of New York University, a private research university based in New York City. Founded as the School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance in 1900, the school received its current name in 1988.

Stern is a founding member of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. Established as the School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance, the school changed its name in 1988 in honor of Leonard N. Stern, an alumnus and benefactor of the school. The school offers Bachelor of Science in Business at the undergraduate level and Master of Business Administration degrees at the postgraduate level. The school is located on Gould Plaza next to the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and the economics department of the College of Arts and Sciences.
Parahuna
Parahuna (transl.  Guest) is an Indian Punjabi language comedy film directed by Amrit Raj Chadha and Mohit Banwait. The film stars Kulwinder Billa and Wamiqa Gabbi in lead roles while Karamjit Anmol, Harby Sangha, Sardar Sohi, Hobby Dhaliwal, Malkit Rouni and many others are in the supporting roles. The film was released on 28 September 2018.

Parahuna 2, a sequel directed by Ksshitij Chaudhary and starring Ranjit Bawa and Aditi Sharma was scheduled to release in 2022 but was delayed.

Sardar Sohi
Parmjeet Singh Sohi, popularly known as Sardar Sohi, is an Indian actor and writer who works in Punjabi cinema. He is from Palasaur near Dhuri, Punjab. He is best known for the films The Legend of Bhagat Singh and Ardaas. Sohi started his Punjabi film career with Long Da Lishkara, which was released in 1986.
Giorgio Margaritondo
Giorgio Margaritondo (born (1946-08-24)August 24, 1946 in Rome, Italy) is a Swiss and American physicist and an emeritus professor at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). He is known for his pioneering work in the use and dissemination of synchrotron radiation and free electron lasers.

He is currently affiliated to the Laboratory for Quantum Magnestism and leads the laboratory for Science History at EPFL.

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
EPFL (officially no longer an acronym; originally short for French: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, lit. 'Federal School of Technology in Lausanne') is a public research university in Lausanne, Switzerland. Founded in 1969, the university primarily teaches and conducts research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields.

Like its sister institution ETH Zurich, EPFL is part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain, a consortium of universities and research institutes under the Swiss Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research. As of 2024, EPFL enrolled 14,012 students from over 130 countries.

Students, faculty, and researchers affiliated with EPFL include a Nobel laureate, two Fields Medalists, two Pritzker Prize winners, and one Turing Award recipient. EPFL has an urban campus that extends alongside Lake Geneva, and includes the EPFL Innovation Park as well as university research centers and affiliated laboratories.
Kolky, Volyn Oblast
Kolky (Ukrainian: Колки), also Kolki (Yiddish: קאָלקי; Polish: Kołki; Russian: Колки; Hungarian: Kolke), is a rural settlement in Lutsk Raion, Volyn Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the historic region of Volhynia. Kolky has a population of 3,974 (2022 estimate).

Kolky is located on the confluence of the Styr and Rudka rivers, 51 kilometres north-east of Lutsk.

Lutsk
Lutsk (Ukrainian: Луцьк, IPA: [lutsʲk] ⓘ; see below for other names) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of Lutsk Raion within the oblast. Lutsk has a population of 220,986 (2022 estimate).

A city with almost a thousand years of history, recorded in 1085, Lutsk historically served as an administrative, cultural and religious center in Volhynia. The city contains several landmarks in various styles, including Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical, the most known being the medieval Lubart's Castle.
Cop Craft
Cop Craft: Dragnet Mirage Reloaded (Japanese: COP CRAFT(コップクラフト) DRAGNET MIRAGE RELOADED, Hepburn: Koppukurafuto Doragunetto Mirāju Rirōdeddo) is a Japanese light novel series, written by Shoji Gatoh and illustrated by Range Murata. Shogakukan have published six volumes since November 2009 under their Gagaga Bunko imprint. An anime television series adaptation by Millepensee aired from July to September 2019.

Millepensee
Millepensee, Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社ミルパンセ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Mirupanse) is a Japanese animation studio founded in 2013 and based in Nerima, Tokyo.

On February 10, 2020, it was announced that Millepensee had formed a partnership with Sanzigen to form 3DCG animation studio lXlXl.
Persian sturgeon
The Persian sturgeon (Huso persicus) is a species of fish in the family Acipenseridae. It is found in the Caspian Sea and to a lesser extent the Black Sea and ascends certain rivers to spawn, mainly the Volga, Kura, Araks and Ural Rivers. It is heavily fished for its flesh and its roe and is limited in its up-river migrations by damming of the rivers. Young fish feed on small invertebrates, graduating to larger prey such as crabs and fish as they grow. The threats faced by this fish include excessive fishing with the removal of immature fish before they have bred, damming of the rivers, loss of spawning areas and water pollution. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed the fish as critically endangered and has suggested that the increased provision of hatcheries could be of benefit.

Aras (river)
The Aras is a transboundary river in the Caucasus. It rises in eastern Turkey and flows along the borders between Turkey and Armenia, between Turkey and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, between Iran and both Azerbaijan and Armenia, and, finally, through Azerbaijan where it flows into the Kura river as a right tributary. It drains the south side of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, while the Kura drains the north side of the Lesser Caucasus. The river's total length is 1,072 km (666 mi) and its watershed covers an area of 102,000 km2 (39,000 mi2). The Aras is one of the longest rivers in the Caucasus.
Old King's Head, Kirton
The Old King's Head, Kirton in Holland, near Boston in Lincolnshire, England is a former public house. The earlier part of it was built at the end of the 16th century and was given major alterations in 1661 in Artisan Mannerist Style. It is red brick in English Bond with recent tiles over a thatched roof. It became a domestic residence in the 1960s and in 2016 it was purchased by Heritage Lincolnshire for restoration.

It opened as a cafe and bed & breakfast on 1 October 2021.

Boston, Lincolnshire
Boston is a market town and inland port in the borough of the same name in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It lies to the south-east of Lincoln, east of Nottingham and north-east of Peterborough. The town had a population of 45,339 at the 2021 census, while the borough had an estimated population of 66,900 at the ONS mid-2015 estimates. The Haven in Boston flows about 5 miles away to the Lincolnshire coast at The Wash, a bay between Lincolnshire and Norfolk.

Boston's most notable landmark is St Botolph's Church, colloquially referred to as 'The Stump', the largest parish church in England, which is visible from miles away across the flat lands of Lincolnshire. Residents of Boston are known as Bostonians. Emigrants from Boston named several other settlements around the world after the town—most notably Boston, Massachusetts, then an English colony and now part of the United States.
French submarine Romazotti
The French submarine Romazotti (Q114) was a Lagrange-class submarine built for the French Navy built between 1914 and 1918, during World War I. It was laid down in the Arsenal de Toulon shipyards and launched on 31 March 1918. Romazotti was completed in 1918 and served in the French Marine Nationale until 1937.

Lagrange-class submarine
The Lagrange-class submarines were a class of four submarines built for the French Navy during World War I and the interwar period. Three ships of this type were built in the Arsenal de Toulon from 1913 to 1924, and one was built at the Arsenal de Rochefort shipyard. Entering the French Marine Nationale from 1918 to 1924, the submarines served until the mid-1930s.