hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mathland
MathLand was one of several elementary mathematics curricula that were designed around the 1989 NCTM standards. It was developed and published by Creative Publications and was initially adopted by the U.S. state of California and schools run by the US Department of Defense by the mid-1990s. Unlike curricula such as Investigations in Numbers, Data, and Space, by 2007 Mathland was no longer offered by the publisher, and has since been dropped by many early adopters. Its demise may have been, at least in part, a result of intense scrutiny by critics (see below).

Investigations in Numbers, Data, and Space
Investigations in Numbers, Data, and Space is a K–5 mathematics curriculum, developed at TERC in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The curriculum is often referred to as Investigations or simply TERC. Patterned after the NCTM standards for mathematics, it is among the most widely used of the new reform mathematics curricula. As opposed to referring to textbooks and having teachers impose methods for solving arithmetic problems, the TERC program uses a constructivist approach that encourages students to develop their own understanding of mathematics. The curriculum underwent a major revision in 2005–2007.
Ron Kavana
Ronnie Kavanagh (21 June 1950 – 4 May 2024), known by his stage name Ron Kavana, was an Irish singer, songwriter, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist, and band leader. Born in the County Cork town of Fermoy, he was the son of an Irish father and an American mother from Chicago with Cajun roots.

Performing with a lengthy list of bands, Kavana performed with influential musicians from the worlds of Celtic music, British soul, blues, rhythm & blues, rock, Irish folk and folk-rock, and worldbeat music. His Galway to Graceland album was described as an album of blues, Tex Mex, country, rock, cajun, and occasionally Irish influenced music. A talented songwriter, Kavana has written songs exploring history and politics, as well as drinking, dancing, and playing music.  The Village Voice has called him a "hard-hitting, no-nonsense realist".

Fermoy
Fermoy (Irish: Mainistir Fhear Maí, meaning 'monastery of the men of the plain') is a town on the River Blackwater in east County Cork, Ireland. As of the 2022 census, the town and environs had a population of approximately 6,700 people. It is located in the historical barony of Condons and Clangibbon, and is in the Dáil constituency of Cork East.

The town's name is of Irish origin and refers to a Cistercian abbey founded in the 13th century. This abbey is believed to have been founded by Domnall Mór Ua Briain, King of Thomond.
Provostry of St. Nicholas, Passau
The Provostry of St Nicholas (German: Stift Sankt Nikola) in Passau, Bavaria, often also referred to as the Abbey of St Nicholas, is a former establishment of the Augustinian Canons (a canonry), founded in about 1070 and dissolved in 1803. After many years of military use, the premises were partly occupied after the end of World War II by the Sisters of the Teutonic Order, later becoming their mother house, and from the 1970s partly by the University of Passau.

University of Passau
The University of Passau (German: Universität Passau) is a public research university located in Passau, Lower Bavaria, Germany. Founded in 1973, it is the youngest university in Bavaria and consequently has the most modern campus in the state. Nevertheless, its roots as the Institute for Catholic Studies dates back to the early 17th century.

Today it is home to five faculties and 39 different undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes.
Brody Stevens
Steven James Brody (May 22, 1970 – February 22, 2019), known professionally as Brody Stevens, was an American stand-up comedian and actor. He starred in the Comedy Central reality series Brody Stevens: Enjoy It!, and was known for appearances on Chelsea Lately and other comedy shows as well as roles in films such as The Hangover (2009) and Due Date (2010).

Due Date
Due Date is a 2010 American black comedy road film directed by Todd Phillips, who wrote the screenplay with Alan R. Cohen, Alan Freedland, and Adam Sztykiel. The film follows a man (Robert Downey Jr.) who must get across the country to Los Angeles in time for the birth of his child and is forced to road-trip with an aspiring actor (Zach Galifianakis). Michelle Monaghan, Juliette Lewis, and Jamie Foxx also star. Shot in Las Cruces, New Mexico, Atlanta, Georgia, and Tuscaloosa, Alabama, the film was released on November 5, 2010. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $211 million worldwide.
Gertrude Martin
Gertrude Martin (21 November 1881 – 21 February 1952) was a British master mosaicist, one of the few women to succeed in this profession. She was apprenticed to George Bridge in 1902, and was recognised as a master mosaicist in 1911. Her mosaics include works at Westminster Cathedral and the Palace of Westminster in London, the Church of St Mary and St Nicholas in Wilton, Wiltshire, and St Anne's Cathedral in Belfast. She designed some of her own mosaics, and also interpreted designs by Robert Anning Bell and Charles Nicholson. She sometimes worked with her sisters, Dora and Margaret Martin.

St Anne's Cathedral, Belfast
Belfast Cathedral (Irish: Ardeaglais Bhéal Feirste), also known as St Anne's Cathedral (Irish: Ardeaglais San Anna), is a Romanesque-style Anglican cathedral in Donegall Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is unusual in serving two separate dioceses (Connor and Down and Dromore). It is the focal point of Belfast's Cathedral Quarter.
Matt Rand
Matt Rand (born August 4, 1991) is an American distance runner who specializes in the marathon. He competed in track and cross country for Tufts University, earning NCAA All-American honors, before transitioning to marathoning. Rand competed in the  U.S. Olympic Trials in 2020 and 2024, and he serves on the Board of Directors for the Beach to Beacon 10K.

Beach to Beacon 10K
The TD Beach to Beacon 10K is a 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) road running event that takes place along the coastline of Cape Elizabeth, Maine. It begins at Crescent Beach State Park and ends at the Portland Head Light in Fort Williams Park. One of the most competitive 10K road races in the United States, it was founded in 1998 by U.S. women's marathon runner Joan Benoit Samuelson, who in 1984, won the first ever women's Olympic marathon. The race is managed by DMSE, Inc. whose president, Dave McGillivray, directs the Boston Marathon and more than 30 other races each year. The current President of the race is attorney, David Backer.
1998 ENKA Ladies Open
The 1998 ENKA Ladies Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in Istanbul in Turkey that was part of Tier IV category of the 1998 WTA Tour. It was the only edition of the tournament and was held from 3 August until 9 August 1998. First-seeded Henrieta Nagyová won the singles title.

Henrieta Nagyová
Henrieta Nagyová (born 15 December 1978) is a former tennis player from Slovakia.

She turned professional in 1994 and has been ranked as high as No. 21 in the world (17 September 2001). She won nine singles tournaments and four doubles tournaments WTA Tour. Nagyová was a member of the Slovak team that won the 2002 Fed Cup.
History of Asperger syndrome
Asperger syndrome (AS) was formerly a separate diagnosis under autism spectrum disorder. Under the DSM-5 and ICD-11, patients formerly diagnosable with Asperger syndrome are diagnosable with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The term is considered offensive by some autistic individuals. It was named after Hans Asperger (1906–80), who was an Austrian psychiatrist and pediatrician. An English psychiatrist, Lorna Wing, popularized the term "Asperger's syndrome" in a 1981 publication. The first book in English on Asperger syndrome was edited by Uta Frith in 1991 and incorporated her translation of Asperger's 1940 paper as chapter 2. The condition was subsequently recognized in formal diagnostic manuals later in the 1990s.

Details of Hans Asperger's actions as a psychiatrist in Nazi-era Austria, made public in 2018, incited debate of the syndrome's name and public lobbying for a renaming of the syndrome.

Lorna Wing
Lorna Gladys Wing (née Tolchard; 7 October 1928 – 6 June 2014) was a British psychiatrist notable for her research into autism. She coined the term Asperger's syndrome and helped found the National Autistic Society.
Diabolic (rapper)
Sean Edward George, known by the stage name Diabolic, is an American rapper. He started receiving fame after his verse on Immortal Technique's song "Dance with the Devil". He is also a well-known battle rapper who has battled with rappers such as Immortal Technique, MC Jin, Mecca, Iron Solomon and Rhymefest, among others. He released The Foul Play Mixtape in October 2006.

In 2010, Diabolic released Liar & a Thief, which was produced by Engineer with the exception of the song "Riot" featuring Deadly Hunta, which was produced by John Otto of Limp Bizkit on live drums. The album featured guest appearances from Immortal Technique, Canibus, Vinnie Paz, and Ill Bill, and won the 2010 HHUG Album of the Year award.

Iron Solomon
Iron Solomon is an American battle rapper, producer, and songwriter from New York City. Solomon dropped his debut album "Monster" March 27, 2012 via Duck Down Music Inc. to lackluster reviews and sales.

As a battle rapper, Iron Solomon came to fame in both the freestyle and written eras of battle rap. In the freestyle era, he won the Scribble Jam East qualifier and was a finalist at Scribble Jam 2005 beating NoCanDo and Pass and a Brainstorm finalist in 2004. However, his battle with Jin on Fight Club was his breakout battle. In the written era, on Saturday December 9, 2017, Iron Solomon battled Rum Nitty at SMACK Vol.1. Throughout his career, Solomon has battled Murda Mook, Daylyt, Illmaculate, The Saurus, Jin, E Ness, Dizaster, Charlie Clips, B Magic and others.

His father is film score composer Robby Merkin.
1906 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1906 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1906. Incumbent Republican Governor Curtis Guild Jr. was re-elected for a second one-year term, defeating Suffolk District Attorney John B. Moran.

Curtis Guild Jr.
Curtis Guild Jr. (February 2, 1860 – April 6, 1915) was an American journalist, soldier, diplomat and politician from Massachusetts.  He was the 43rd governor of Massachusetts, serving from 1906 to 1909. Prior to his election as governor, Guild served in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, seeing active duty in Cuba during the Spanish–American War.  He was publisher of the Boston Commercial Bulletin, a trade publication started by his father.

Educated at Harvard, where he became a close friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Guild was like Roosevelt, a progressive Republican, active in the party organization from 1881.  During his tenure as governor, a number of social, labor, and government reforms were enacted.  After leaving that office, he was considered a potential candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1908, and served for two years as United States Ambassador to Russia.
Santa statue (New Zealand)
An 18-metre (59 ft) tall sculpture of Santa Claus was used in the New Zealand city of Auckland during Christmas seasons from 1960 to 2020. From 1960 to 1991 it was used on a Farmers department store building on the corner of Wyndham and Hobson Streets, from 1991 to 1995 at Manukau City Shopping Centre and from the 1990s to 2020 on the Whitcoulls building in Queen Street. Due to the high costs of maintaining, storing and installing the sculpture, it stopped being used in Auckland in 2020 and was bought by and moved to the National Transport & Toy Museum in Wānaka.

The Santa is famous for its "creepy" appearance. A restoration in 2009 reduced the creepiness of the sculpture and replaced its moving winking eye and beckoning finger with ones that are stationary. In 2011, the American website cracked.com ranked the Santa statue as the "World's creepiest Christmas ornament".

Wānaka
Wānaka (Māori pronunciation: [ˈwaːnaka] ⓘ) is a popular ski and summer resort town in the Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand. At the southern end of Lake Wānaka, it is at the start of the Clutha River and is the gateway to Mount Aspiring National Park.

Wānaka is primarily a resort town with both summer and winter seasons. Its economy is based on the many outdoor opportunities this offers.

Historically, Māori visited the Wānaka area to hunt and fish in summer, or on their way to seek pounamu (greenstone) on the West Coast. Ngāi Tahu abandoned their seasonal camps after a raid by a North Island war party in 1836.

Along with the rest of the Queenstown-Lakes District, Wānaka is growing rapidly, with the population increasing by 50% between 2005 and 2015.
Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea
The Declaration of Independence of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol was a joint resolution adopted on March 11, 2014 by the Supreme Council of Crimea and the Sevastopol City Council that proclaimed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol a sovereign state — the Republic of Crimea. The decision was taken after unmarked Russian soldiers ("little green men") invaded Ukraine and seized the Crimean parliament.

According to the Declaration, the newly formed state has the right to apply to Russia for the inclusion of the territory in the federation as a separate subject.

In Ukraine's constitution, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol are recognised as integral parts of Ukraine, and changes to the territory of Ukraine is possible only after the relevant result of an All-Ukrainian referendum.

Verkhovna Rada of Crimea
Verkhovna Rada of Crimea or the Supreme Council of Crimea, officially the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, was the Ukrainian legislative body for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea before the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014.

The last election of parliament took place on 31 October 2010 (see 2010 Crimean parliamentary election) and was won by the Party of Regions and the Communist Party of Ukraine.

On 27 February 2014, unidentified armed men took over the parliament and hoisted the flag of Russia over it. On 15 March 2014 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine officially dissolved the parliament. On 17 March 2014, one day before the Russian annexation of Crimea, the State Council of Crimea was established in place of the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea.
Populus fremontii
Populus fremontii, commonly known as Frémont's cottonwood, is a cottonwood native to riparian zones of the Southwestern United States and northern through central Mexico. It is one of three species in Populus sect. Aigeiros. The tree was named after 19th-century American explorer and pathfinder John C. Frémont.

Populus deltoides
Populus deltoides, the eastern cottonwood or necklace poplar, is a species of cottonwood poplar native to North America, growing throughout the eastern, central, and southwestern United States as well as the southern Canadian prairies, the southernmost part of eastern Canada, and northeastern Mexico.
Michael Heidelberger
Michael Heidelberger ForMemRS (April 29, 1888 – June 25, 1991) was an American immunologist, often regarded as the father of modern immunology. He and Oswald Avery showed that the polysaccharides of pneumococcus are antigens, enabling him to show that antibodies are proteins. He spent most his early career at Columbia University and comparable time in his later years on the faculty of New York University. In 1934 and 1936 he received the Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1967 he received the National Medal of Science, and then he earned the Lasker Award for basic medical research in 1953 and again in 1978. His papers are held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland.

Walter Abraham Jacobs
Walter Abraham Jacobs (December 24, 1883 – July 12, 1967) was an American chemist who discovered the Gould-Jacobs reaction. Much of his career was spent at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York City.
UDP-glucuronate 5'-epimerase
In enzymology, an UDP-glucuronate 5'-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-glucuronate  UDP-L-iduronate

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, UDP-glucuronate, and one product, UDP-L-iduronate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on carbohydrates and derivatives.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucuronate 5'-epimerase. Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucuronate 5'-epimerase, UDP-glucuronic acid 5'-epimerase, and C-5-uronosyl epimerase.  This enzyme participates in nucleotide sugars metabolism.  It employs one cofactor, NAD+.

Epimerase and racemase
Epimerases and racemases are isomerase enzymes that catalyze the inversion of stereochemistry in biological molecules. 
Racemases catalyze the stereochemical inversion around the asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having only one center of asymmetry. Epimerases catalyze the stereochemical inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having more than one center of asymmetry, thus interconverting epimers.

Human epimerases include methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, involved in the metabolic breakdown of the amino acids alanine, isoleucine, methionine and valine, and UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, which is used in the final step of galactose metabolism - catalyzing the reversible conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose.
Dennis Dominic Adjei
Sir Dennis Dominic Adjei JSC, FGA is a Ghanaian jurist and an active justice of the Supreme Court of Ghana. Prior to his appointment to the Supreme Court bench, he served as a Justice of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights and a Justice of the Appeal Court of Ghana. He was a member of the nine-member Advisory Committee of the International Criminal Court. He is also a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, elected on 5 December 2019.

Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences (GAAS) is a learned society for the arts and sciences based in Accra, Ghana. The institution was founded in November 1959 by Kwame Nkrumah with the aim to promote the pursuit, advancement and dissemination of knowledge in all branches of the sciences and the humanities.
Yokohama Northwest Route
The Yokohama Northwest Route (横浜北西線, Yokohama-hokusei-sen), signed as Route K7, is one of the tolled routes of the Shuto Expressway system serving the Greater Tokyo Area and is one of seven of the routes in the system serving Kanagawa Prefecture. The route is a 7.1-kilometer-long (4.4 mi) expressway running west from a junction with the Tōmei Expressway in Aoba-ku, Yokohama, to the Daisan Keihin Road in Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama. Alongside the Yokohama North Route and the Daikoku Route, it connects the Tōmei Expressway in northern Yokohama to the region-spanning Bayshore Route.

Daikoku Route
The Daikoku Route (大黒線, Daikoku-sen), signed as Route K5, is one of the tolled routes of the Shuto Expressway system serving the Greater Tokyo Area and is one of seven of the routes in the system serving Kanagawa Prefecture.
Meg Lanning
Meghann Moira Lanning AM (born 25 March 1992) is an Australian cricketer who formerly captained the national women's team. Lanning has been a member of seven successful world championship campaigns, winning two Women's Cricket World Cup and five ICC Women's World Twenty20 titles. She holds the record for the most Women's One Day International centuries and is the first Australian to score 2,000 Twenty20 International runs.

Domestically, Lanning plays for Victoria in the Women's National Cricket League and the Melbourne Stars in the Women's Big Bash League. She is also the captain of the Delhi Capitals in the Women's Premier League from the inaugural season in 2023 to 2025. For the 2026 WPL, she was bought by UP Warriorz.  On 10 November 2023 she announced her retirement from international cricket.

Delhi Capitals (WPL)
The Delhi Capitals is an Indian professional women's cricket team that competes in the Women's Premier League, based in New Delhi, Delhi. The team is owned jointly by the GMR Group and the JSW Group, which also own the Capitals men's team. The team is coached by Jonathan Batty and captained by Jemimah Rodrigues. The team reached the final of the WPL but lost to Mumbai Indians.
Yalım, Artuklu
Yalım (Arabic: المنصورية; Kurdish: Mansuriye; Syriac: ܡܢܨܘܪܝܗ̇, romanized: Mansūriyya) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Artuklu, Mardin Province, Turkey. Its population is 25,803 (2024). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It is populated by Kurds of the Daşî and Meşkinan tribes.

Belde
Belde (literally "town", also known as kasaba) means "large village with a municipality" in Turkish.

All Turkish province centers and district centers have municipalities, but the villages are usually too small to have municipalities. The population in some villages may exceed 2000 and in such villages a small municipality may be established depending on residents' choice. Such villages are called belde. Up to 2014 the number of belde municipalities was about 1400.

On 30 March 2014 by the act no. 6360 all villages (those with and without municipality) were included in the urban fabric of the district municipalities in 30 provinces. Thus belde municipalities in 30 provinces were abolished. The number of abolished belde municipalities is 1040.

Presently, in 51 provinces, which are not in the scope of the act no 6360, there are still 394 belde municipalities.
Ken Todd
Kenneth Todd (born 24 August 1957) is an English former footballer who scored 11 goals in 52 games in the English Football League for Wolverhampton Wanderers, Port Vale, and Portsmouth in the late 1970s. Despite being bought for £37,000 by Vale and £20,000 by "Pompey", he dropped into the Southern League with Fareham Town and Waterlooville.

Havant & Waterlooville F.C.
Havant & Waterlooville Football Club is a professional association football club based in Havant, Hampshire, England. The club participates in the Southern League Premier Division South, the seventh level of English football, after relegation from the National League South in the 2023–24 season. The club formed in 1998 after a merger between Havant Town and Waterlooville. Nicknamed "The Hawks", they play at Westleigh Park.
Spinning Top (sculpture)
The Spinning Top (Polish: Fryga, colloquially also Bączek) was a modernist sculpture in Szczecin, Poland, placed at the Ludwik Zamenhof Square. It was designed by Maurycy Gomulicki, and unveiled on 22 October 2015. Due to a manufacturing error, it began quickly deteriorating, and following unsuccessful repair attempts, it was ultimately removed on 18 December 2016. The sculpture had a form of several polymer concrete rings, stacked vertically on a metal pole, alternating between red and yellow.

Polymer concrete
Polymer concrete is a type of concrete that uses a polymer to replace lime-type cements as a binder. One specific type is epoxy granite, where the polymer used is exclusively epoxy. In some cases the polymer is used in addition to Portland cement to form Polymer Cement Concrete (PCC) or Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC).  Polymers in concrete have been overseen by Committee 548 of the American Concrete Institute since 1971.

The term "polymer-based concrete" (PBC) serves as an umbrella term for subtypes, which are distinguished by their binder, composition and performance.