hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marina Ratner
Marina Evseevna Ratner (Russian: Мари́на Евсе́евна Ра́тнер; October 30, 1938 – July 7, 2017) was a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley who worked in ergodic theory. Around 1990, she proved a group of major theorems concerning unipotent flows on homogeneous spaces, known as Ratner's theorems. Ratner was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992, awarded the Ostrowski Prize in 1993 and elected to the National Academy of Sciences the same year. In 1994, she was awarded the John J. Carty Award from the National Academy of Sciences.

Unipotent
In mathematics, a unipotent element r of a ring R is one such that r − 1 is a nilpotent element; in other words, (r − 1)n is zero for some n.

In particular, a square matrix M is a unipotent matrix if and only if its characteristic polynomial P(t) is a power of t − 1. Thus all the eigenvalues of a unipotent matrix are 1.

The term quasi-unipotent means that some power is unipotent, for example for a diagonalizable matrix with eigenvalues that are all roots of unity.

In the theory of algebraic groups, a group element is unipotent if it acts unipotently in a certain natural group representation.   A unipotent affine algebraic group is then a group with all elements unipotent.
René Gervais
René Gervais, OBE (ʁəne ʒɛʁvɛː 1908–1997) was a French aircraft pilot and spy, Companion of the Liberation.

A member of Georges Ronin's intelligence service, he became head of the organization in mainland France after the Allied landings in North Africa. Hunted by the Gestapo, he flew to Algiers in March 1944 and took command of a section of the DGSS.

Directorate General for External Security
The Directorate General for External Security (French: Direction générale de la Sécurité extérieure, DGSE) is France's foreign intelligence agency, equivalent to the British MI6 and the American CIA, established on 27 November 1943. The DGSE safeguards French national security through intelligence gathering and conducting paramilitary and counterintelligence operations abroad, as well as economic espionage. The service is currently headquartered in the 20th arrondissement of Paris, but construction has begun on a new headquarters at Fort Neuf de Vincennes, in Vincennes, on the eastern edge of Paris.

The DGSE operates under the direction of the French Ministry of Armed Forces and works alongside its domestic counterpart, the DGSI (General Directorate for Internal Security). As with most other intelligence agencies, details of its operations and organization are classified and not made public.
Lithostrotia
Lithostrotia is a clade of derived titanosaur sauropods that lived during the Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The group was defined by Upchurch et al. in 2004 as the most recent common ancestor of Malawisaurus and Saltasaurus and all the descendants of that ancestor. Lithostrotia is derived from the Ancient Greek lithostros, meaning "inlaid with stones", referring to the fact that many known lithostrotians are preserved with osteoderms. However, osteoderms are not a distinguishing feature of the group, as the two noted by Unchurch et al. include caudal vertebrae with strongly concave front faces (procoely), although the furthest vertebrae are not procoelous.

Saltasaurus
Saltasaurus (which means "lizard from Salta") is a genus of saltasaurid dinosaur of the Late Cretaceous period of Argentina. Small among sauropods, though still heavy by the standards of modern creatures, Saltasaurus was characterized by a short neck and stubby limbs. It was the first genus of sauropod known to possess armour of bony plates embedded in its skin. Such small bony plates, called osteoderms, have since been found on other titanosaurians.
Charles A. Huttar
Charles A. Huttar is an emeritus professor of English at Hope College, known for his work on the Inklings including J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, and Charles Williams. He has twice won the Mythopoeic Society's Scholarship Award.

Inklings
The Inklings were an informal literary discussion group associated with J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis at the University of Oxford for nearly two decades between the early 1930s and late 1949. The Inklings were literary enthusiasts who praised the value of narrative in fiction and encouraged the writing of fantasy. The best-known, apart from Tolkien and Lewis, were Charles Williams, and (although a Londoner) Owen Barfield.
The Reckoning (Within Temptation song)
"The Reckoning" is the first single from Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation's seventh studio album Resist, and features guest vocals from Jacoby Shaddix of Papa Roach. It was released worldwide via digital download and streaming on 14 September 2018. A promotional lyric video accompanied the release. The official music video for the song was released on September 24. The video was nominated for an Edison Award for Best Video.

Jacoby Shaddix
Jacoby Dakota Shaddix (born July 28, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and TV presenter. He is best known as a founding member and the continuous lead singer of the California-based rock band Papa Roach since the band's formation in 1993.

Shaddix served as the host of the MTV show Scarred for the entirety of the show's run, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song "Scars".

Shaddix is one of the co-owners of a rock-inspired clothing line with designer Jeff Henry called "Lovers Are Lunatics", with the focus being described as "to create a brand that represents the rock community and showcases their unique creative vision".
D. S. L. Cardwell
Donald Stephen Lowell Cardwell (4 August 1919 – 8 May 1998) was a historian of science and technology, Professor of the History of science at UMIST from 1974 to 1984 and Secretary and President of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.

University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
The University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) was a university based in the centre of the city of Manchester in England. It specialised in technical and scientific subjects and was a major centre for research. On 1 October 2004, it amalgamated with the Victoria University of Manchester (commonly called the University of Manchester) to produce a new entity called the University of Manchester.

UMIST gained its royal charter in 1956 and became a fully autonomous university in 1994. Previously its degrees were awarded by the Victoria University of Manchester. The UMIST motto was Scientia et Labore (By Knowledge and Work).
Kumzari language
Kumzari (Persian: کمزاری, Arabic: كمزارية) is a Southwestern Iranian language that has similarities with Farsi, Luri, Achomi and Balochi languages. Although vulnerable, it survives today with between 4,000 and 5,000 speakers. It is spoken by Kumzaris, part of the Shihuh, on the Kumzar coast of Musandam Peninsula (northern Oman). Kumzari speakers can also be found in the towns of Dibba and Khasab as well as various villages, and on Larak Island in Iran.

Kumzari is the only Iranian language spoken exclusively in the Arabian Peninsula.

Musandam Peninsula
The Musandam Peninsula or Ruus Al Jibal is a mountainous, northeastern extension of the Arabian Peninsula, lying between the Persian Gulf to the west and the Gulf of Oman to the east; the connecting Strait of Hormuz lies to the north. Political control is divided between the United Arab Emirates and Oman.
Mülbach
Mülbach is a municipality of Germany in the district of Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate. It is located in the west of the country and borders the South Eifel (German: Südeifel) nature park. The main settlement in the municipality is the village of Mülbach with a population of approximately 100 inhabitants.

South Eifel
The South Eifel (German: Südeifel) refers to that part of the Eifel mountain region around the Bitburg-Prüm district in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

It is bordered to the south and southeast by the river Moselle, to the northwest by the Schnee Eifel and the northeast by the Volcanic Eifel.

The cross-border German-Luxembourg Nature Park lies within the South Eifel. In the village of Bollendorf is the South Eifel Youth Hostel.
Small Business Act (United States)
The Small Business Act is the Act of Congress which created the Small Business Administration. It was enacted July 30, 1953, originally as the Small Business Act of 1953 as Title II of Pub. L. 83–163 (ch. 282, 67 Stat. 232. It was codified at 15 U.S.C. ch. 14A.

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation Liquidation Act, which was Title I of Pub. L. 83–163, abolished the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

United States Statutes at Large
The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat., are an official record of Acts of Congress and concurrent resolutions passed by the United States Congress.

Each act and resolution of Congress is originally published as a slip law, which is classified as either public law (abbreviated Pub.L.) or private law (Pvt.L.), and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a congressional session, the statutes enacted during that session are compiled into bound books, known as "session law" publications. The United States Statutes at Large is the name of the session law publication for U.S. Federal statutes. The public laws and private laws are numbered and organized in chronological order.

U.S. Federal statutes are published in a three-part process, consisting of slip laws, session laws (Statutes at Large), and codification (United States Code).
Elasticity (computing)
In computing, elasticity is defined as "the degree to which a system is able to adapt to workload changes by provisioning and de-provisioning resources in an autonomic manner, such that at each point in time the available resources match the current demand as closely as possible". Elasticity is a defining characteristic that differentiates cloud computing from previously proposed distributed computing paradigms, such as grid computing. The dynamic adaptation of capacity, e.g., by altering the use of computing resources, to meet a varying workload is called "elastic computing".

In the world of distributed systems, there are several definitions according to the authors, some considering the concepts of scalability a sub-part of elasticity, others as being distinct.

System resource
A computer system resource is any hardware or software aspect of limited availability that is accessible to a computer system. Like any resource, computer system resources can be exhausted, and issues arise due to scarcity.

Resource management, a key aspect of designing hardware and software, includes preventing resource leaks (not releasing a resource done with it) and handling resource contention (when multiple processes want to access the same resource). Computing resources are used in cloud computing to provide services through networks.
Andy Andrews (tennis)
Andy Andrews (born January 1, 1959) is a former professional tennis player from the United States. He was born in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Andrews enjoyed most of his tennis success while playing doubles.  During his career he won 3 doubles titles and finished runner-up at the 1982 Australian Open partnering John Sadri.  He achieved a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 32 in February 1983.

Andrews career high singles ranking was world No. 78, which he reached in June 1982.  He was a two-time All-American at North Carolina State University and was a two-time Atlantic Coast Conference doubles champion, partnering McDonald.

John Sadri
John Sadri (born September 19, 1956) is a former tennis player from the United States. Sadri, an All-American at North Carolina State, reached the finals of the 1978 men's NCAA singles championship, losing to John McEnroe in four sets. He reached the final of the 1979 Australian Open, losing in straight sets to Guillermo Vilas. He won two singles titles and achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 14 in September 1980. Sadri formerly ran a junior tennis academy at Russell Tennis Center in Charlotte, North Carolina.
2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes
The 2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded.

The engagement became the second deadliest ceasefire violation since 1994, after the 2008 Mardakert clashes.

2008 Mardakert clashes
The 2008 Mardakert clashes began on March 4 after the 2008 Armenian election protests. It involved the heaviest fighting between ethnic Armenian and Azerbaijani forces over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh since the 1994 ceasefire after the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Armenian sources accused Azerbaijan of trying to take advantage of ongoing unrest in Armenia. Azerbaijani sources blamed Armenia, claiming that the Armenian government was trying to divert attention from internal tensions in Armenia.

Following the incident, on March 14 the United Nations General Assembly by a recorded vote of 39 in favour to 7 against adopted Resolution 62/243, demanding the immediate withdrawal of all Armenian forces.
No Surrender (2022)
The 2022 No Surrender was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on February 19, 2022, at the Alario Center in Westwego, Louisiana, and aired on Impact Plus and YouTube. It was the 14th event under the No Surrender chronology.

12 matches were contested at the event, including two on the pre-show and one taped as a digital exclusive. In the main event, Honor No More (Matt Taven, Mike Bennett, PCO, Vincent, and Kenny King) defeated Team Impact (Chris Sabin, Rhino, Rich Swann, Steve Maclin, and Willie Mack) in a 10-man tag team match. In other prominent matches, Moose defeated W. Morrissey to retain the Impact World Championship, Mickie James defeated Tasha Steelz to retain the Impact Knockouts World Championship, and The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) defeated Guerrillas of Destiny (Tama Tonga and Tanga Loa) to retain the Impact World Tag Team Championship.

Westwego, Louisiana
Westwego is a city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, located in Jefferson Parish. It is a suburban community of New Orleans in the Greater New Orleans metropolitan area and lies along the west bank of the Mississippi River. The population of the city of Westwego was 8,568 at the 2020 United States census.
Anywhere Is
"Anywhere Is" is a song by Irish singer Enya, released on 6 November 1995 by WEA as the lead single from her fourth studio album, The Memory of Trees (1995). The lyrics of the song are in English, written by Roma Ryan and it was produced by Nicky Ryan. The song peaked at number seven on the UK Singles Chart and became a top-10 hit in Austria, Iceland, and Ireland. On the Eurochart Hot 100, the song peaked at number 36. Its music video was directed by David Scheinmann.

Nicky Ryan
Nicholas Dominick Ryan (14 July 1946 – 10 September 2025) was an Irish music producer, recording engineer and manager. He was best known as the longtime business and recording partner for the singer, songwriter and musician Enya alongside his wife, poet and lyricist Roma Ryan. Born and raised in Dublin, Ryan gained initial recognition in the 1970s and 1980s for his work with several artists including Gary Moore, Planxty, Christy Moore and Clannad.
Welcome to Flatch
Welcome to Flatch is an American mockumentary sitcom that aired on Fox from March 17, 2022, to February 2, 2023. It is based on the British series This Country, which was created and written by Daisy May Cooper and her brother Charlie Cooper who also played the lead roles. The American adaptation was developed by Jenny Bicks. In May 2022, the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on September 29, 2022. In October 2023, the series was canceled after two seasons.

Jenny Bicks
Jenny Bicks is an American screenwriter and television producer, most notable for her work as a television writer on the HBO series, Sex and the City and the creator and writer of the ABC series, Men in Trees. Her production company is Perkins Street Productions. She signed a deal with Fox in 2012.

Bicks was also a writer on the short-lived series, Leap of Faith and wrote the screenplay for the 2003 film, What a Girl Wants and the 2017 film The Greatest Showman. She made her directorial debut with the short film, Gnome.  Her only known acting job was as Miss Haskell in the Drew Barrymore movie Never Been Kissed.

Bicks grew up in Manhattan, where she attended the Brearley School.
Medical Arts Building (Atlanta)
The Medical Arts Building is a Beaux-Arts style building located at the northern end of Downtown Atlanta. The 12-story brick and limestone building by architect G. Lloyd Preacher, also designer of Atlanta City Hall, was constructed in 1927. In addition to its medical facilities - deemed as some of the most modern and well-equipped when it opened, the building once featured a cafeteria, drugstore and telegraph office. It was also amongst the first to have a covered parking garage. However, its nearly 89,000 square feet (8,300 m2) of space have been vacant since 1995.

Atlanta City Hall
Atlanta City Hall is the headquarters of the City of Atlanta government.  It was constructed in 1930, and is located in Downtown Atlanta.  It is a high-rise office tower very similar to dozens of other city halls built in the United States during the same time period. Located in South Downtown, it is near other governmental structures, such as the Georgia State Capitol and the Fulton County Courthouse. The Neo-Gothic structure features many architectural details that have helped to make the building a historical landmark. It is Atlanta’s fourth city hall.
Mexico–Suriname relations
The nations of Mexico and Suriname established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations.

Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
The Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) is a bloc of Latin American and Caribbean states, consisting of 33 countries, and has five official working languages. It is seen as an alternative to the Organization of American States (OAS), and includes all OAS member states (except the United States and Canada) plus includes the nations of Nicaragua and Cuba. Initially proposed on February 23, 2010, at the Rio Group–Caribbean Community Unity Summit, CELAC is seen as the successor of the Rio Group and the Latin American and Caribbean Summit on Integration and Development (CALC). CELAC was created to deepen Latin American integration and to reduce hegemony within the politics and economics of the region. The date of creation was on December 3, 2011, in Caracas, Venezuela, with the signing of the Declaration of Caracas. As of 2013, CELAC possesses a population of roughly 600 million.
The Legend of Sword and Fairy 6
The Legend of Sword and Fairy 6 (simplified Chinese: 仙剑奇侠传六; traditional Chinese: 仙劍奇俠傳六; pinyin: Xiānjiàn Qíxiá Zhuàn Liǜ), also known as Sword and Fairy 6 (仙劍六) or Chinese Paladin 6, is a wuxia/xianxia-themed fantasy adventure role-playing video game developed by Taiwanese game company Softstar Entertainment's Beijing subsidiary in 2015. It is the eighth installment in The Legend of Sword and Fairy video game series, and is an independent sidequel of the preceding Chinese Paladin 5 Prequel. It is also the first game of the series to receive language localization, with the English version released on Steam, Xbox One, and PlayStation 4.

The Legend of Sword and Fairy 5 Prequel
The Legend of Sword and Fairy 5 Prequel (simplified Chinese: 仙剑奇侠传五前传; traditional Chinese: 仙劍奇俠傳五前傳; pinyin: Xiānjiàn Qíxiá Zhuàn Wǚ Qián Zhuàn), also known as Sword and Fairy 5 Prequel (仙劍五前傳) or Chinese Paladin 5 Prequel, is a xianxia-themed fantasy adventure role-playing video game developed by Taiwanese game company Softstar Entertainment's Beijing subsidiary. It is the seventh installment in The Legend of Sword and Fairy video game series, and is the direct prequel of The Legend of Sword and Fairy 5, set about 25 years before the plot of the latter.
Teleochilus duplicatus
Teleochilus duplicatus is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae. Fossils of the species date to the middle Miocene, and have been found in strata of the Port Phillip Basin of Victoria.

Middle Miocene
The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch made up of two stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene, and followed by the Late Miocene.

The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma. During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place. This event is known as the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition.

For the purpose of establishing European land mammal ages, this sub-epoch is equivalent to the Astaracian age.
Joe Hirsch Turf Classic Stakes
The Joe Hirsch Turf Classic Stakes is a Grade I American Weight for Age Thoroughbred horse race for three years old and older over a distance of 1+1⁄2 miles on the turf track scheduled in late September or early October at . The event currently offers a purse of $500,000.

Breeders' Cup Turf
The Breeders' Cup Turf is a Weight for Age Thoroughbred horse race on turf for three-year-olds and up. It is held annually at a different racetrack in the United States or Canada as part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships. The race's current title sponsor is Longines.

The race is run at the European Classic distance of 1+1⁄2 miles, making it one of the most internationally appealing races on the Breeders' Cup lineup. One of the biggest moments in the race's history came in 2018 when Enable became the first horse to win both the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and Breeders' Cup Turf in the same year.

The forerunner for this race was the Washington, D.C. International Stakes at Laurel Park Racecourse. Inaugurated in 1952, it was raced on turf at 1+1⁄2 miles and drew the best horses from North America and Europe.
1815 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1815 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 19, 1815.

Incumbent Federalist Governor William Jones won re-election to a fifth term, defeating Democratic-Republican nominee Peleg Arnold.

Governor of Rhode Island
The governor of Rhode Island is the head of government of the U.S. state of Rhode Island and serves as commander-in-chief and Captain-General of the state's Army National Guard and Air National Guard. The current governor is Dan McKee, a member of the Democratic Party. In their capacity as commander of the national guard, the governor of Rhode Island also has the title of captain general. Rhode Island is one of the few states that currently does not have a governor's mansion or other official residence.
1999 Heineken Trophy – Men's doubles
Guillaume Raoux and Jan Siemerink were the defending champions, but Raoux did not compete this year. Siemerink teamed up with Leander Paes and reached the final before the tournament cancellation.

The final match between Leander Paes and Jan Siemerink versus Ellis Ferreira and David Rikl was cancelled due to rain. Both teams shared the prize money (USD $54,000 per team) and only won the corresponding points for reaching the final. The outcome allowed Leander Paes to take the World No. 1 in the Doubles ranking.

Jan Siemerink
Johannes Martinus "Jan" Siemerink (Dutch pronunciation: [jɑn ˈsimərɪŋk]; born 14 April 1970) is a retired tennis player from the Netherlands. The former Dutch Davis Cup captain reached a career-high ATP ranking of 14.