hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jake Files
Jake C. Files (born March 27, 1972) is a Republican politician from Fort Smith, Arkansas. Files represented portions of the Arkansas River Valley in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1999 to 2003, and in the Arkansas Senate from 2011 to 2018.

He pleaded guilty in 2018 to wire fraud, bank fraud and money laundering relating to misuse of the state's surplus money and was sentenced to 18 months in prison.

Arkansas House of Representatives
The Arkansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the Arkansas General Assembly, the state legislature of the US state of Arkansas. The House has 100 members elected from an equal number of constituencies across the state. Each district has an average population of 30,137, according to the 2020 federal census. Members are elected to two-year terms and, since the 2014 Amendment to the Arkansas Constitution, limited to sixteen years cumulative in either house.

The Arkansas House of Representatives meets annually, in regular session in odd number years and for a fiscal session in even number years, at the State Capitol in Little Rock.
Barbara Ansell
Barbara Mary Ansell (30 August 1923 – 14 September 2001) was a British medical doctor and the founder of the field of paediatric rheumatology. Ansell was notable for outstanding contributions to the advancement of paediatric knowledge, specifically defining chronic joint disorders and the improvement of their management.

Rheumatology
Rheumatology (from Ancient Greek  ῥεῦμα (rheûma) 'flowing current') is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and management of disorders of which the common feature is inflammation in the bones, muscles, joints, and internal organs. Rheumatology covers more than 100 different complex diseases, collectively known as rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren's syndrome. Doctors who have undergone formal training in rheumatology are called rheumatologists.

Many of these diseases are now known to be disorders of the immune system, and rheumatology has significant overlap with immunology, the branch of medicine that studies the immune system.
Ilya Klebanov
Ilya Iosifovich Klebanov (Russian: Илья Иосифович Клебанов; born 7 May 1951) is a Russian politician and entrepreneur. He was the Plenipotentiary Presidential Envoy to the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.

Northwestern Federal District
Northwestern Federal District (Russian: Северо-Западный федеральный округ, IPA: [ˌsʲevʲɪrə ˈzapədnɨj fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨj ˈokrʊk]) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. It covers most of Northwest Russia. Its population was 13.6 million, of which 83.5% was urban, living in an area of 1,687,000 square kilometers (651,000 sq mi), according to the 2010 Census. The current Envoy to the Northwestern Federal District is Aleksandr Gutsan, who was appointed to the post after previously serving as Deputy Prosecutor General. He replaced former Envoy Alexander Beglov, who was removed from the position and made acting Governor of Saint Petersburg.
1964 Australian Championships – Women's singles
First-seeded Margaret Smith was the four-time defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Lesley Turner 6–3, 6–2 in the final to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1964 Australian Championships.

Lesley Turner Bowrey
Lesley Rosemary Turner Bowrey, AM (née Turner; born 16 August 1942) is a retired professional tennis player from Australia. Her career spanned two decades from the late 1950s until the late 1970s. Turner Bowrey won the singles title at the French Championships, one of the four Grand Slam events, in 1963 and 1965. In addition she won 11 Grand Slam events in doubles and mixed doubles. Turner Bowrey achieved her highest singles ranking of No. 2 in 1964.
San Ygnacio de la Alamosa, New Mexico
San Ygnacio de la Alamosa, also known as Alamosa, is now a ghost town, in Sierra County, New Mexico, United States.  San Ygnacio de la Alamosa was founded in 1859 as a native New Mexican colonizing settlement from San Antonio. The site of the new colony was along the west bank of the Rio Grande, 35 miles south of Fort Craig, on the south bank of Alamosa Creek nearby its mouth and confluence with the Rio Grande, in what was then southern Socorro County.: 33–41

Fort Craig
Fort Craig was a U.S. Army fort located along El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, near Elephant Butte Lake State Park and the Rio Grande in Socorro County, New Mexico.

The Fort Craig site was approximately 1,050 feet east-west by 600 feet  north-south (320 by 180 m) and covered 40 acres (16 hectares).
Rhyd-y-gors
51°50′50″N 4°19′08″W﻿ / ﻿51.847288°N 4.318808°W﻿ / 51.847288; -4.318808

The name Rhyd-y-gors or Rhydygors has been associated with two historic sites near the market town of Carmarthen in Southwest Wales.  The first was the Norman Rhyd-y-gors Castle and the other was Rhyd-y-gors Mansion, home of the Edwardes family.

Carmarthen
Carmarthen (UK: /kərˈmɑːrðən/ kər-MAR-dhən, locally /kɑːrˈ-/ kar-; Welsh: Caerfyrddin [kaːɨrˈvərðɪn], 'Merlin's fort' or possibly 'Sea-town fort') is the county town of Carmarthenshire and a community in Wales, lying on the River Towy 8 miles (13 km) north of its estuary in Carmarthen Bay. At the 2021 census the community had a population of 14,636, and the built up area had a population of 16,455. It stands on the site of a Roman town, and has a claim to be the oldest town in Wales. In the middle ages it comprised twin settlements: Old Carmarthen around Carmarthen Priory and New Carmarthen around Carmarthen Castle. The two were merged into one borough in 1546. It was the most populous borough in Wales in the 16th–18th centuries, described by William Camden as "chief citie of the country". It was overtaken in size by the mid-19th century, following the growth of settlements in the South Wales Coalfield.
Mathilde Froustey
Mathilde Froustey (born June 8, 1985, in Bordeaux, France) is a French ballet dancer.

She is a principal dancer at San Francisco Ballet. Mathilde Froustey was a "Sujet" soloist of the Paris Opera Ballet until 2013.

San Francisco Ballet
San Francisco Ballet is the oldest ballet company in the United States, founded in 1933 as the San Francisco Opera Ballet under the leadership of ballet master Adolph Bolm. The company is currently based in the War Memorial Opera House, San Francisco. Tamara Rojo has been its director since December 2022.

It is among the world's leading dance companies, presenting more than 100 performances annually, with a repertoire that spans both classical and contemporary ballet. Along with American Ballet Theatre and the New York City Ballet, San Francisco Ballet has been described as part of the "triumvirate of great classical companies defining the American style on the world stage today."
John Hart (colonial administrator)
John Hart (died c. 1740) was an Irish colonial administrator who served as the governor of Maryland from 1714 to 1715 and again from 1715 to 1720, after the restoration of proprietary control to Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore. His governorship marked the beginnings of the restoration of the Calvert family's control of Maryland.

Baron Baltimore
Baron Baltimore, of Baltimore, County Longford, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1625 and ended in 1771, upon the death of its sixth-generation male heir, aged 40. Holders of the title were usually known as Lord Baltimore.
Saint John—Kennebecasis
Saint John—Kennebecasis (formerly Saint John—Rothesay) is a federal electoral district in southern New Brunswick, Canada. With its predecessor ridings, St. John—Albert, Saint John—Lancaster, and Saint John, the area has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1917.

The district has always included the city of Saint John, and various suburbs and bedroom communities have been added or removed from it over the years. Presently the district also includes the towns of Quispamsis and Rothesay, the Indian reserve of The Brothers 18, and part of Simonds Parish.

The neighbouring ridings are Fundy Royal and Saint John—St. Croix.

Quispamsis
Quispamsis (/kwɪs.pæm.sɪs/, sometimes shortened to Quispam /kwɪsˈpæm/) is a suburban town located in Kings County, New Brunswick, Canada. Located within Saint John's metropolitan area, it borders the town of Rothesay to form the Kennebecasis Valley and is located along the lower Kennebecasis River. As of 2021, the population of Quispamsis was 18,768.
Mere Ban Jao
Mere Ban Jao (Urdu: میرے بن جاؤ, lit. 'Become mine') is a Pakistani drama television series directed by Ahmed Kamran, written by Samira Fazal and produced by Momina Duraid under the banners of Moomal Entertainment and MD Productions. It stars Zahid Ahmed, Kinza Hashmi and Azfar Rehman in leading roles. The series focusses on the negative impact of social media including cyberbullying linked to leakage of one's private photos and videos.

Zahid Ahmed (actor)
Zahid Iftikhar Ahmed (born 20 September 1983) is a Pakistani television actor and former RJ. Ahmed worked as a creative manager for PTV World, and later became an RJ. He later left it to pursue a career in acting, and made his Broadway debut with a leading role in the play It Runs in the Family (2006). He also portrayed Muhammad Ali Jinnah in Anwar Maqsood's Sawa 14 August and its sequel Pawnay 14 August (both 2014). That same year, he made his television debut with the romantic series Mehram.
Native-language identification
Native-language identification (NLI) is the task of determining an author's native language (L1) based only on their writings in a second language (L2). NLI works through identifying language-usage patterns that are common to specific L1 groups and then applying this knowledge to predict the native language of previously unseen texts. This is motivated in part by applications in second-language acquisition, language teaching and forensic linguistics, amongst others.

Second-language acquisition
Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native language (L1). SLA research examines how learners develop their knowledge of second language.

SLA research spans cognitive, social, and linguistic perspectives:

Cognitive approaches investigate memory and attention processes.

Sociocultural theories emphasize the role of social interaction and immersion

Linguistic studies examine the innate and learned aspects of language.

Individual factors like age, motivation, and personality also influence SLA, as seen in discussions on the critical period hypothesis and learning strategies. In addition to acquisition, SLA explores language loss, or second-language attrition, and the impact of formal instruction on learning outcomes.
Musselburgh railway station
Musselburgh railway station serves the town of Musselburgh, in East Lothian, Scotland. It was opened by British Rail in 1988; it lies on the East Coast Main Line, 5+1⁄4 miles (8.4 km) east of Edinburgh Waverley, and the North Berwick Line. It is located near to the recently-built campus of the Queen Margaret University.

North Berwick railway station
North Berwick railway station serves the seaside town of North Berwick, in East Lothian, Scotland. It is the northern terminus of the North Berwick Line, 22+1⁄4 miles (35.8 km) east of Edinburgh Waverley.
Free Form (Donald Byrd album)
Free Form is an album by American trumpeter Donald Byrd featuring Byrd with Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock, Butch Warren, and Billy Higgins recorded in 1961 and released on the Blue Note label later in 1966. It was remastered in 2003 and reissued on CD. On the CD reissue, the original stereo release is erroneously given as "BST 84106" instead of BST 84118.

Donald Byrd
Donaldson Toussaint L'Ouverture Byrd II (December 9, 1932 – February 4, 2013) was an American jazz and rhythm & blues trumpeter, composer and vocalist. A sideman for many other jazz musicians of his generation, Byrd was one of the few hard bop musicians who successfully explored funk and soul while remaining a jazz artist. As a bandleader, Byrd was an influence on the early career of Herbie Hancock and many others.
Legal history of the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church utilizes the oldest continuously functioning legal system in the West, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis). Eastern canon law developed separately.

Decretum Gratiani
The Decretum Gratiani, also known as the Concordia discordantium canonum or Concordantia discordantium canonum or simply as the Decretum, is a collection of Catholic canon law compiled and written in the 12th century as a legal textbook by the jurist known as Gratian. It forms the first part of the collection of six legal texts, which together became known as the Corpus Juris Canonici. It was used as the main source of law by canonists of the Catholic Church until the Decretals, promulgated by Pope Gregory IX in 1234, obtained legal force, after which it was the cornerstone of the Corpus Juris Canonici, in force until 1917.
Childless
Childless is a 2008 American drama film written and directed by Charlie Levi and starring Barbara Hershey, Joe Mantegna, James Naughton and Diane Venora.

The sudden passing of a teenage girl unsettles the four adults in her life. Jarred by this glimpse of mortality, they struggle to understand – or justify – the current state of their own lives.  As each gets ready for the funeral, they speak their private thoughts directly to the camera, leaving it up to the viewer to make sense of these off-kilter, self-serving, yet frequently humorous accounts of the family story. By the end of the day, more than a teenager has been put to rest. Hope beckons.

Diane Venora
Diane Venora is an American stage, television and film actress. She graduated from the Juilliard School in 1977 and made her film debut in 1981 opposite Albert Finney in Wolfen. She won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress for Bird (1988). Her other films include The Cotton Club (1984), Ironweed (1987), Heat (1995), Romeo + Juliet (1996), The Jackal (1997), The Insider (1999) and Hamlet (2000).
Pervading imitation
Pervading imitation refers to a way of organizing a piece of music in which all voices sing the same melodic material in sequence.

Voices enter one by one at points of imitation and sing the same melodic material although they begin at different pitch levels.

Pervading imitation emerged in the early Renaissance and was widely used by composers like Josquin in Missa pange lingua, and Thomas Crecquillon.

Melody
A melody (from Greek  μελῳδία (melōidía) 'singing, chanting'), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include other musical elements such as tonal color. It is the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

Melodies often consist of one or more musical phrases or motifs, and are usually repeated throughout a composition in various forms. Melodies may also be described by their melodic motion or the pitches or the intervals between pitches (predominantly conjunct or disjunct or with further restrictions), pitch range, tension and release, continuity and coherence, cadence, and shape.
Birla Institute of Applied Sciences
Birla Institute of Applied Sciences (BIAS), is a higher education institute located in Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India. It is a sister institute to the Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi. Formerly affiliated to Kumaon University, it is affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University.

Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University
Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University is a public university in the Indian state of Uttarakhand set up by the Government of Uttarakhand on 27 January 2005, through the Uttarakhand Technical University Act 2005. It has 6 campus institutes and 80 affiliated colleges Government and Private). 6 campus institutes are in the university campuses at Dehradun, Tehri, Tanakpur, Gopeshwar, Pithoragarh, and Uttarkashi spread all over the state.
Jack Connors (footballer, born 1994)
Jack Stuart Connors (born 24 October 1994) is an Irish footballer who plays as a defender for Chesham United.

Connors started his career in the youth system of Fulham before joining Dagenham & Redbridge in 2011 to sign a two-year scholarship. In 2012, he joined Isthmian League Premier Division side Hendon on work experience. After completing his scholarship, he signed a professional contract with Dagenham & Redbridge in 2013.

Connors has represented the Republic of Ireland at international level, featuring for the under-21 side.

Hendon F.C.
Hendon Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in north-west London. They play at Silver Jubilee Park in Kingsbury and are currently members of the Isthmian League South Central Division.
Cocylium
Cocylium or Kokylion (Ancient Greek: Κοκύλιον) was a town of the ancient Troad or of Mysia. Xenophon mentions it indirectly by pointing out that the inhabitants of Cocylium (Κοκυλίτης), together with those of Ilium and Neandria, declared themselves independent and allied with the Spartan Dercylidas when he went to Aeolia with an army to try to liberate the Greek colonies from Persian rule. Pliny the Elder notes Cocylium among the cities that, in his time, had disappeared from the Troad.

Its site is tentatively located near Karaev, Çanakkale Province, Turkey.

Neandreia
Neandreia (Ancient Greek: Νεάνδρεια), Neandrium or Neandrion (Νεάνδριον), also known as Neandrus or Neandros (Νέανδρος), was a Greek city in the south-west of the Troad region of Anatolia. Its site has been located on Çığrı Dağ, about 9 km east of the remains of the ancient city of Alexandria Troas in the Ezine district of Çanakkale province, Turkey (based on the work of John Manuel Cook). The site was first identified as Neandreia by Frank Calvert in 1865 and Joseph Thacher Clarke in 1886 and was first excavated by the German architect Robert Koldewey when he excavated in 1889.

Suda and Stephanus of Byzantium writes that some erroneously called it with "L" instead of "N" as Leandreia (Λεάνδρεια) and Leandros (Λέανδρος).
Protactinium(IV) bromide
Protactinium(IV) bromide is an inorganic compound. It is an actinide halide, composed of protactinium and bromine. It is radioactive, and has the chemical formula of PaBr4. It may be due to the brown color of bromine that causes the appearance of protactinium(IV) bromide to be brown crystals. Its crystal structure is tetragonal. Protactinium(IV) bromide is sublimed in a vacuum at 400 °C. The protactinium(IV) halide closest in structure to protactinium(IV) bromide is protactinium(IV) chloride.

Protactinium(V) bromide
Protactinium(V) bromide is an inorganic compound. It is a halide of protactinium, consisting of protactinium and bromine. It is radioactive and has a chemical formula of PaBr5, which is a red crystal of the monoclinic crystal system.
Hiromine Shrine
Hiromine Shrine (広峯神社) is a Shinto shrine located in Himeji. It is one of the three main shrines of the Gion cult alongside Yasaka Shrine, and Tsushima Shrine.: 123  Until the Muromachi period the shrine was perceived as highly prestigious, on par with Kumano Taisha, but little remains of its past glory.: 124–125  In contrast to other shrines of the Gion cult the shrine is associated with agriculture.

It has branch shrines such as one in Obama, Fukui. and many others.

Yasaka Shrine
Yasaka Shrine (八坂神社, Yasaka-jinja), once called Gion Shrine (祇園神社, Gion-jinja), is a Shinto shrine in the Gion District of Kyoto, Japan. Situated at the east end of Shijō-dōri (Fourth Avenue), the shrine includes several buildings, including gates, a main hall and a stage. The Yasaka shrine is dedicated to Susanoo in the tradition of the Gion faith as its chief kami, with his consort Kushinadahime on the east, and eight offspring deities (mikogami, collectively known as yahashira no mikogami) on the west. The yahashira no mikogami include Yashimajinumi no kami, Itakeru no kami, Ōyatsuhime no kami, Tsumatsuhime no kami, Ōtoshi no kami, Ukanomitama no kami, Ōyatsuhiko no kami, and Suseribime no mikoto.
Sophia Albertina, Abbess of Quedlinburg
Princess Sophia Albertina of Sweden (Sophia Maria Lovisa Fredrika Albertina; 8 October 1753 – 17 March 1829) was the last Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg Abbey, and as such reigned as vassal monarch of the Holy Roman Empire.

Sophia Albertina was the daughter of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia. She was thus a princess of Sweden, a princess of Holstein-Gottorp and a sister to Gustav III of Sweden. She was a member of the Accademia di San Luca. When her brother Charles XIII of Sweden and the rest of the royal family also became Norwegian royalty in 1814, that did not include Sophia Albertina who then officially was called Royal Princess (of no country).

She was given her two names in honour of her two grandmothers: the Prussian Queen Sophia Dorothea of Hanover and Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach.

Quedlinburg Abbey
Quedlinburg Abbey (German: Stift Quedlinburg or Reichsstift Quedlinburg) is a former abbey of secular canonesses (Frauenstift) in Quedlinburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was founded in 936 on the initiative of Saint Matilda, the widow of the East Frankish King Henry the Fowler, as his memorial. For many centuries it and its abbesses enjoyed great prestige and influence. Quedlinburg Abbey was an Imperial Estate and one of the approximately forty self-ruling Imperial Abbeys of the Holy Roman Empire. It was disestablished in 1802/3. The church, known as Stiftskirche St Servatius, is now used by the Lutheran Evangelical Church in Germany.

The castle, abbey, church, and surrounding buildings are exceptionally well preserved and are masterpieces of Romanesque architecture. As a result, and because of their historical importance, the buildings were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994.
1829 Georgia gubernatorial election
The 1829 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on October 5, 1829, to elect the governor of Georgia. Jacksonian Troup Governor John Forsyth, first elected in the 1827 election, declined to seek re-election to a second term, instead aiming to be elected to the U.S. Senate. Jacksonian Troup candidate George Rockingham Gilmer, U.S House rep for Georgia's 1st congressional district, won in a landslide with the backing of both local parties.

George R. Gilmer
George Rockingham Gilmer (April 11, 1790 – November 16, 1859) was an American politician. He served two non-consecutive terms as the 34th governor of Georgia, the first from 1829 to 1831 and the second from 1837 to 1839. He also served multiple terms in the United States House of Representatives.