hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nikolay Krylov (physicist)
Nikolay Sergeevich Krylov (Russian: Никола́й Серге́евич Крыло́в; 10 August 1917 – 21 June 1947) was a Soviet theoretical physicist known for his work on the problems of classical mechanics, statistical physics, and quantum mechanics.  He showed that a sufficient condition for a dynamical system to relax to equilibrium is for it to be mixing.

Mixing (mathematics)
In mathematics, mixing is an abstract concept originating from physics: the attempt to describe the irreversible thermodynamic process of mixing in the everyday world: e.g. mixing paint, mixing drinks, industrial mixing.

The concept appears in ergodic theory—the study of stochastic processes and measure-preserving dynamical systems. Several different definitions for mixing exist, including strong mixing, weak mixing and topological mixing, with the last not requiring a measure to be defined. Some of the different definitions of mixing can be arranged in a hierarchical order; thus, strong mixing implies weak mixing. Furthermore, weak mixing (and thus also strong mixing) implies ergodicity: that is, every system that is weakly mixing is also ergodic (and so one says that mixing is a "stronger" condition than ergodicity).
Caldwell County Railroad
The Caldwell County Railroad (reporting mark  CWCY) is a Class III shortline railroad operating over 17 miles (27 kilometers) between Hickory and Lenoir, North Carolina. The CWCY is operated by Southeast Shortlines, Inc., which also operates the Thermal Belt Railway.

Lenoir, North Carolina
Lenoir (/lɛˈnɔːr/ le-NOR) is a city in and the county seat of Caldwell County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 18,263 at the 2020 census. Lenoir is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. To the northeast are the Brushy Mountains, a spur of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Hibriten Mountain, located just east of the city limits, marks the western end of the Brushy Mountains range.

Lenoir is one of the principal cities in the Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Port knocking
In computer networking, port knocking is a method of externally opening ports on a firewall by generating a connection attempt on a set of prespecified closed ports. Once a correct sequence of connection attempts is received, the firewall rules are dynamically modified to allow the host which sent the connection attempts to connect over specific port(s). A variant called single packet authorization (SPA) exists, where only a single "knock" is needed, consisting of an encrypted packet.

The primary purpose of port knocking is to prevent an attacker from scanning a system for potentially exploitable services by doing a port scan, because unless the attacker sends the correct knock sequence, the protected ports will appear closed.

Firewall (computing)
In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on configurable security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the Internet or between several VLANs. Firewalls can be categorized as network-based or host-based.
Gudavalli Ramabrahmam
Gudavalli Ramabrahmam was an Indian film director, screenwriter, and producer who worked in Telugu cinema. He is known for directing critically acclaimed social problem films like Mala Pilla (1938) and Raithu Bidda (1939). At a time when mythological films were ruling the roost, Ramabrahmam ushered in a new era in Telugu cinema by making films on contemporary social issues.

In 1937, he founded the film production company Sarathi Films along with Raja of Challapalli, Yaralagadda Sivarama Prasad. In 1945, he was elected as the chairman for South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce.

Challapalli
Challapalli (officially known as Challapalle) is a town in the Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the Challapalli mandal, Machilipatnam revenue division. Tollywood actor Nani is native of this village.

In the early 18th century, alongside the Yarlagadda Rajas, the family of Soudagar Abdul Samad Saheb played a role in the local trade and social fabric of Challapalli. The lineage is currently represented by his descendants, including journalist Fazlullah Sadiq Mohammed.
Samira Mighty
Samira Jade Mighty (born 16 November 1995) is an English television personality, actress and singer. Mighty began her career with appearances in West End theatre shows including Mamma Mia! and Dreamgirls, as well as an appearance in the 2017 film Beauty and the Beast. In 2018, she appeared in the fourth series of the ITV2 reality series Love Island, and has since competed on The X Factor: Celebrity. In 2022, Mighty began releasing music.

Love Island (2015 TV series) series 4
The fourth series of Love Island, a British dating reality show, began on 4 June 2018 on ITV2, and concluded on 30 July 2018. It is the fourth from the current revived series, but sixth overall. Caroline Flack presented the series, while Iain Stirling narrated it. The series opener received the highest rating on a digital TV programme since the 2012 Summer Olympics were broadcast on BBC Three; it was also the most watched programme ever on ITV2.

On 30 July 2018, the series was won by Dani Dyer and Jack Fincham having received 79.66% of the final vote, making this the biggest winning percentage since the show began. Laura Anderson and Paul Knops finished as runners-up. The average viewers for this series was 3.96 million, up 1.44 million on the previous series.
Manuela M. Veloso
Manuela Maria Veloso (born August 12, 1957) is the Head of J.P. Morgan AI Research & Herbert A. Simon University Professor Emeritus in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, where she was previously Head of the Machine Learning Department.
She served as president of Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) until 2014, and the co-founder and a Past President of the RoboCup Federation. She is a fellow of AAAI, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). She is an international expert in artificial intelligence and robotics.

Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is an international scientific society devoted to promote research in, and responsible use of, artificial intelligence (AI). AAAI also aims to increase public understanding of AI, improve the teaching and training of AI practitioners, and provide guidance for research planners and funders concerning the importance and potential of current AI developments and future directions.
Sleepthief
Sleepthief is an American electronic music recording project formed by producer and composer Justin Elswick. Elswick began writing music for the album ten years prior to its release. The album was mixed, mastered, co-produced, and co-arranged by Israel Curtis. Sleepthief's first album, The Dawnseeker, was released in 2006.

Sleepthief is most often compared to musical groups such as Delerium (in its output from the mid-1990s onward) and Balligomingo, which produce emotive, melodic, synthesized music with what is often described as new-age-influenced ethnic characteristics from other cultures. Also similar to these groups is Sleepthief's use of pop music-based song structures with performances by female singers. Eleven vocalists contribute to The Dawnseeker, many of whom are established recording artists, and some having worked with the aforementioned groups previously. All of Sleepthief's cover album art was drawn by his long-time collaborator Brian Son.

Balligomingo
Balligomingo is an electronic music project by Garrett Schwartz and Vic Levak.  Their music has been compared to that of Delerium, Massive Attack,  Conjure One, Mythos, Nitin Sawhney and Enigma. Vocalist Jody Quine is featured on the 2009 album Under an Endless Sky. They are named after a road in Gulph Mills, Pennsylvania, which was named after the Lenni-Lenape word for the area.  Balligomingo's music is also featured in the 2000 made and 2003 released movie Hollywood Vampyr.
Posthegemony
Posthegemony or post-hegemony is a period or a situation in which hegemony is no longer said to function as the organizing principle of a national or post-national social order, or of the relationships between and amongst nation states within the global order. The concept has different meanings within the fields of political theory, cultural studies, and international relations.

Social order
The term social order can be used in two senses: In the first sense, it refers to a particular system of social structures and institutions. Examples are the ancient, the feudal, and the capitalist social order. In the second sense, social order is contrasted to social chaos or disorder and refers to a stable state of society in which the existing social structure is accepted and maintained by its members. The problem of order or Hobbesian problem, which is central to much of sociology, political science and political philosophy, is the question of how and why it is that social orders exist at all.
Monstruos Supersanos
Monstruos Supersanos is a Sesame Street mini-series that debuted in June 2012. The 5 to 7-minute series focuses on activities and foods that keep one healthy. Sesame Workshop produced 26 episodes in English, which initially aired dubbed in Spain on Antena 3 as a Barrio Sésamo mini-series called Monstruos Supersanos. Around 2011, the segments were also released in Latin America.

Each episode featured framing scenes starring Elmo, followed by newly produced Muppet sketches and on-location film pieces. The film segments aren't retained in airings outside of Spain.

Excerpts from each episode are also available in the Antena 3 webpage, as well as a series of videos with Elmo and Spanish celebrities, such as singer David Bustamante, host Susanna Griso, chef Ferran Adrià and football player Gerard Piqué.

The series features main Sesame Street characters Elmo, Grover, Cookie Monster, Rosita, Bert and Ernie, Abby Cadabby and a new Muppet character, Dr. Ruster.

Elmo
Elmo is a Muppet character on the children's television show Sesame Street. A furry red monster who speaks in a high-pitched falsetto voice and frequently refers to himself in the third person, he hosts the last full 15-minute segment (five minutes starting in 2017) on Sesame Street, "Elmo's World", which is aimed at toddlers. He was originally performed by Kevin Clash. Following Clash's resignation in late 2012, Elmo has been performed by Ryan Dillon.
Senate Scholz II
The Senate Scholz II (Senat Scholz II) was the government of the German city-state of Hamburg from 15 April 2015 to 28 March 2018 following Senate Scholz I. The Cabinet was, for the second time, headed by First Mayor Olaf Scholz and was formed by the Social Democratic Party, who lost their overall majority in the last state-elections, along with Alliance 90/The Greens. On 15 April 2015 Scholz was elected and sworn in as Mayor by the state assembly. Afterwards he appointed the Senators and had them confirmed by the assembly.

Cabinet members hold the office of Senators and heads of their respective agency, except denoted otherwise.

Katharina Fegebank became acting head of the government on 13 March 2018, after Olaf Scholz retired. Scholz was succeeded by Peter Tschentscher on 28 March 2018, who formed the new state government.

Senate Scholz I
The Senate Scholz I (German: Senat Scholz I) was the government of the German city-state of Hamburg from 7 March 2011 to 15 April 2015. The Cabinet was headed by First Mayor Olaf Scholz and was formed by the Social Democratic Party, who gained an overall majority in the last state-elections. On 7 March 2011 Scholz was elected and sworn in as Mayor by the state assembly. On 23 March 2011 he appointed the Senators and had them confirmed by the assembly.

Cabinet members hold the office of Senators and heads of their respective agency, except denoted otherwise.
1500th Air Transport Wing
The 1500th Air Transport Wing (ATW) is a discontinued United States Air Force unit.  It was last active in 1971 at Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii under the designation 6486th Air Base Wing (ABW). The 1500th ATW was a heavy cargo transport wing of Military Air Transport Service (MATS), formed on 1 June 1949.  In 1952 the wing lost its operational elements and became the base support element for Hickam until it was replaced by the 15th Air Base Wing in 1971.

Hickam Air Force Base
Hickam Air Force Base is a United States Air Force (USAF) installation, named in honor of aviation pioneer Lieutenant Colonel Horace Meek Hickam. The installation merged in 2010 with Naval Station Pearl Harbor to become part of the newly formed Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam, on the island of Oʻahu in the State of Hawaiʻi. The base neighbors Daniel K. Inouye International Airport and currently shares runways with the airport for its activities and operations.
Shin Jung-rak
Shin Jung-rak (Korean: 신정락; Hanja: 申政洛; born May 13, 1987, in Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do) is a South Korean relief pitcher for the Lotte Giants of the KBO League. He bats and throws right-handed. Shin has an unorthodox style of sidearm delivery with a low-to-mid-90s fastball and a hard slider with extreme downward movement.

KBO League
The KBO League (Korean: KBO 리그) is a professional baseball league in South Korea. The league comprises ten teams. The KBO League was founded with six franchises in 1982 and is the most popular sports league in South Korea. The Kia Tigers are the most successful team, having won 12 of the 44 championships.

In comparison with American Major League Baseball, ESPN reports that the KBO level of play "appears to be somewhere between Double-A and Triple-A, on average, though the best players are more likely to be MLB-quality than your typical Double-A league." Historically, the KBO is known for its vocal and exuberant fan base, as well as the widespread practice of bat flips (ppa-dun (Korean: 빠던), a portmanteau of the "first syllables of the words for 'bat' and 'throw'") by hitters after striking what they think will be a home run. In the KBO, the bat flipping tradition dates to the 1990s.
1968 Helvetia Cup
The 1968 Helvetia Cup was the seventh edition of the Helvetia Cup mixed team badminton tournament. In October 1967, the Norwegian Badminton Federation announced that the next two Helvetia Cup tournaments would be held in Oslo and Prague.

West Germany won their seventh consecutive title by defeating hosts Norway 5–2 in the final. In the playoff for third place, the Netherlands defeated Austria 6–1. In the classification round, Belgium defeated Finland 4–3 for fifth place while Switzerland defeated Czechoslovakia for seventh place.

Finland national badminton team
The Finland national badminton team (Finnish: Suomen sulkapallomaajoukkue) represents Finland in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by Badminton Finland (Finnish: Suomen Sulkapallo), the national organization for badminton in Finland.

The Finnish men's team have once participated the Thomas Cup in 1994 but were eliminated in the group stage. The team's most recent achievement was achieving a semifinalist bronze position at the 2014 European Men's Team Badminton Championships. The women's team have never competed in the Uber Cup. Their best result was reaching the quarterfinals at the 2016 European Women's Team Badminton Championships.

The mixed team participated in the Sudirman Cup simultaneously until 2007. The team later qualified for the Sudirman Cup again in 2021 when Vantaa was chosen as the host for the 2021 Sudirman Cup. Finland finished in 14th place after being eliminated in the group stage.
Kukavice massacre
The Kukavice massacre was the mass murder of 21 Bosnian Serb civilians by the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) on 27 August 1992 in the village of Kukavice, located in the municipality of Rogatica, during the Bosnian War.

Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Armija Republike Bosne i Hercegovine; Cyrillic: Армија Републике Босне и Херцеговине; ARBiH), often referred to as Bosnian Army, was the military force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was established by the government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992 following the outbreak of the Bosnian War.

Following the end of the war, and the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995, it was transformed into the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ARBiH was the only military force on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina recognised as legal by other governments. Under the State Defense Reform Law the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina were unified into a single structure, the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (OSBiH), making entity armies defunct.
Blood for Poppies
"Blood for Poppies" is a song by American alternative rock band Garbage's fifth studio album Not Your Kind of People (2012). It was released as the album's lead single on March 26, 2012 by Stunvolume. On April 20, a limited edition 7-inch single was released for Record Store Day in the United States. Garbage selected the song as the first single as it "encapsulates" the band.

Record Store Day
Record Store Day is a semi-annual event established in 2008 to "celebrate the culture of the independently owned record store". Held on one Saturday (typically the third) every April and every Black Friday in November, the day brings together fans, artists, and thousands of independent record stores around the world. A number of records are pressed specifically for Record Store Day, with a list of releases for each country, and are only distributed to shops participating in the event.

The event originated in the United States and has expanded internationally, with official organizers in the United Kingdom, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, Europe, Japan, and Australia.
South African Class S1 0-8-0
The South African Railways Class S1 0-8-0 of 1947 was a steam locomotive.

In 1947, the South African Railways placed twelve Class S1 shunting steam locomotives with an 0-8-0 eight-coupled wheel arrangement in service, built in the Salt River workshops in Cape Town. A further 25, built in Scotland, were placed in service in 1954.

The Class S1 was the fifth locomotive type to be designed and built in South Africa, after the Natal Government Railways 4-6-2TT Havelock of 1888, the Class 2C of 1910, the Class 20 of 1935 and the Class ES of 1936.

South African Class ES
The South African Railways Class ES of 1936 was an electric locomotive.

In 1936, the South African Railways built two Class ES centre-cab electric shunting locomotives with a Bo+Bo wheel arrangement, based on the Class 1E mainline electric locomotive. Between then and 1964, more were acquired until a total of 24 Class ES locomotives were eventually in service. Four more were built new for industry in 1952 and 1957.

The Class ES was the fourth locomotive type to be designed and built in South Africa, after the Natal Government Railways 4-6-2TT Havelock of 1888, the Class 2C of 1910 and the Class 20 of 1935.
Motor City Madness: The Ultimate Funkadelic Westbound Compilation
Motor City Madness  is a compilation album by the American funk rock band Funkadelic, released in 2003 by Westbound Records. It features a selection of songs previously released on the band's original albums for Westbound from 1970 to 1976. The compilation's 29 tracks span the length of two discs. Music critic Robert Christgau has said that, "for those with the heart for it, this is their most listenable album."

Tales of Kidd Funkadelic
Tales of Kidd Funkadelic is the eighth studio album by the band Funkadelic, released in September 1976. It was their final album on the Westbound record label.  The tracks were recorded during the same sessions as their first release for Warner Bros. Records,  Hardcore Jollies; which was released a month later.  Two tracks from Tales of Kidd Funkadelic, the single “Undisco Kidd” and the party anthem “Take Your Dead Ass Home!” have been staples in the band’s live performances since the album’s 1976 release, and can be heard on the 1977 Parliament concert album Live: P-Funk Earth Tour. The album opener “Butt-To-Buttresuscitation” and the song “I’m Never Gonna Tell It” were included in the band’s live shows during the early 2000s.  
The song "Let's Take It to the People" has been sampled by hip-hop band A Tribe Called Quest for their song "Everything Is Fair", on their album The Low End Theory.

Kidd Funkadelic was/is the nickname for guitarist Michael Hampton.
Barry Dunaway
Barry Dunaway is an American rock bassist, vocalist, and composer. His professional music career dates back to his early 1970s roles in groups Cheyenne and Bittersweet, and he performed with bands fronted by artists Pat Travers, Joe Lynn Turner, and Yngwie Malmsteen in the 1980s. Dunaway has played bass guitar in the band 38 Special since 2013.

Yngwie Malmsteen
Yngwie Johan Malmsteen (/ˈɪŋveɪ ˈmɑːlmstiːn/; born Lars Johan Yngve Lannerbäck, Swedish: [lâːʂ ˈjuːhan ˈʏŋvɛ lânːɛrbɛk] on 30 June 1963) is a Swedish-American guitarist. He first became known in the 1980s for his neoclassical playing style in heavy metal, and has released 22 studio albums in a career spanning over 40 years.
Provinces of South Africa
South Africa is administered under nine provinces. On the eve of the 1994 general election, South Africa's former homelands, known as Bantustans, were reintegrated into the country, and the four provinces were increased to nine. The borders of Natal and the Orange Free State were retained, while the Cape Province and Transvaal Province were divided into three provinces each, plus North West Province which straddles the border of and contains territory from both these two former provinces. The twelfth, thirteenth and sixteenth amendments to the Constitution of South Africa changed the borders of seven of the provinces.

Transvaal (province)
The Province of Transvaal (Afrikaans: Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (/ˈtrɑːnsvɑːl, ˈtræns-/; Afrikaans: [transˈfɑːl]), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" is from the Latin prefix trans, which means across from, or on the other side. Hence, Transvaal refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital.
Hopak
Hopak (Ukrainian: гопак, IPA: [ɦoˈpɑk]) is a Ukrainian folk dance originating as a male dance among the Zaporozhian Cossacks, but later danced by couples, male soloists, and mixed groups of dancers. It is performed most often as a solitary concert dance by amateur and professional Ukrainian dance ensembles, as well as other performers of folk dances. It has also been incorporated into larger artistic opuses such as operas, ballets and theatre.

The hopak is often popularly referred to as the "National Dance of Ukraine" and has become very popular in Poland. There are similar folkloric dance tunes known as Sirmpa in Leros, Greece.

Concert dance
Concert dance (also known as performance dance or theatre dance in the United Kingdom) is dance performed for an audience. It is frequently performed in a theatre setting, though this is not a requirement, and it is usually choreographed and performed to set music.

By contrast, social dance and participation dance may be performed without an audience and, typically, these dance forms are neither choreographed nor danced to set music, though there are exceptions. For example, some ceremonial dances and baroque dances blend concert dance with participation dance by having participants assume the role of performer or audience at different moments.