hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
File system fragmentation
File system fragmentation, sometimes called file system aging, is a characteristic of a file system that stores  files in non-contiguous blocks. It is a special case of  data fragmentation. File system fragmentation negatively impacts seek time for disk storage (spinning storage medium), which lowers throughput. Fragmentation can be eliminated by re-organizing files as contiguous areas, a process called defragmentation.

A solid-state drive (SSD) does not mechanically seek, so non-sequential access is orders of magnitude faster than disk drives, making fragmentation significantly less of an issue. In fact, best practice is to not defragment an SSD, because doing so can prematurely wear drives via unnecessary write and erase operations.

Computer file
A computer file is a named collection of data treated as a unit by the system that manages it. Today, this system is called a file system. Many older computer systems lacked a distinct file system per se, yet a management feature is required in order to provide a file abstraction.

Files can be shared with and transferred between computers and mobile devices via removable media, networks, or the Internet.

Different types of computer files are designed for different purposes. A file may be designed to store a written message, a document, a spreadsheet, an image, a video, a program, or any wide variety of other kinds of data. Certain files can store multiple data types at once.

By using computer programs, a person can open, read, change, save, and close a computer file. Computer files may be reopened, modified, and copied an arbitrary number of times.
Anna Pogorilaya
Anna Alexeyevna Pogorilaya (Russian: Анна Алексеевна Погорилая; born 10 April 1998) is a former Russian figure skater. She is the 2016 World bronze medalist, a three-time European medalist (silver in 2017; bronze in 2015 and 2016), and the 2016 Russian national bronze medalist. She won gold at three Grand Prix events – the 2013 Cup of China, 2016 Rostelecom Cup, and 2016 NHK Trophy. Earlier in her career, she won bronze at the 2013 World Junior Championships and at the 2012–13 Junior Grand Prix Final.

2016 NHK Trophy
The 2016 NHK Trophy was the final event of six in the 2016–17 ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating, a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held at the Makomanai Sekisuiheim Ice Arena in Sapporo on November 25–27. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Skaters earned points toward qualifying for the 2016–17 Grand Prix Final.
Wellington Citizens' Association
The Wellington Citizens' Association, was a right-leaning local body electoral ticket in Wellington, New Zealand. It was formed in 1911 by merging the selection process of council candidates of several civic interest groups and business lobby groups. Its main ambitions were to continue to control the Wellington City Council, reduce local spending and deny left-leaning Labour Party candidates being elected.

Wellington City Council
Wellington City Council is a territorial authority in New Zealand, governing the city of Wellington, the country's capital city and third-largest city by population, behind Auckland and Christchurch. It consists of the central historic town and certain additional areas within the Wellington metropolitan area, extending as far north as Linden and covering rural areas such as Mākara and Ohariu. The city adjoins Porirua in the north and Hutt City in the north-east. It is one of nine territorial authorities in the Wellington Region.

The council represents a population of 210,800 as of June 2025 and consists of a mayor and fifteen councillors elected from six wards (Northern, Onslow-Western, Lambton, Eastern, Southern general wards and Te Whanganui-a-Tara Māori ward). It administers public works, sanitation, land use and building consents, among other local services. The council has used the marketing slogan "Absolutely Positively Wellington" in an official capacity since the early 1990s.
Spanish cruiser Méndez Núñez
Méndez Núñez was a Spanish Navy Blas de Lezo-class light cruiser commissioned in 1924. She served the Kingdom of Spain until 1931, seeing action in the Rif War. She then served the Second Spanish Republic from 1931 to 1939, operating in support of the Republican faction as part of the Spanish Republican Navy during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, and was present at the Battle of Cape Cherchell and the Battle of Cape Palos. After the Nationalist victory in 1939, she served in the reunified Spanish Navy of Francoist Spain and was reconstructed as an anti-aircraft cruiser between 1943 and 1947. She took part in the Ifni War of 1957–1958. She was decommissioned in 1963 and scrapped in 1964.

Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)
The Republican faction (Spanish: Bando republicano), also known as the Loyalist faction (Bando leal) or the Government faction (Bando gubernamental), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist faction of the military rebellion. The name Republicans (republicanos) was mainly used by its members and supporters, while its opponents used the term Rojos (Reds) to refer to this faction due to its left-leaning ideology, including communist and anarchist groups, and the support it received from the Soviet Union.
At the beginning of the war, the Republicans outnumbered the Nationalists by ten-to-one, but by January 1937 that advantage had dropped to four-to-one.
Pioneer Courthouse Square Christmas tree
In Portland, Oregon, Christmas trees have been installed at Pioneer Courthouse Square annually since the public space opened in 1984. The trees have been donated by Stimson Lumber Company since 2002, and are delivered the week of Veterans Day (November 11). With some exceptions, the trees are 75-foot-tall Douglas firs, decorated with thousands of multi-colored LED lights.

Tree lighting ceremonies are held annually and have been broadcast on local television stations and streamed online. Many have included sing-alongs led by Thomas Lauderdale and other members of Pink Martini, with additional participation by other local music groups. Among mayors to flip the light switch are Tom Potter, Sam Adams, Charlie Hales, and Ted Wheeler. Portland has also seen tree arrival ceremonies. In 2010, a Somali-American student plotted to set off a car bomb at the ceremony, and was subsequently arrested in an FBI sting.

Somali Americans
Somali Americans are Americans of Somali ancestry. The first ethnic Somalis to arrive in the United States were sailors who came in the 1920s from British Somaliland. They were followed by students pursuing higher studies in the 1960s and 1970s. From the late 1970s to the late 1980s and early 1990s, more Somalis arrived.

In the mid and late 1990s, the largest number of Somalis arrived, after civil war in Somalia. The Somali community in the US is now among the largest in the Somali diaspora.
Thunder (SMV album)
Thunder is the debut studio album by supergroup S.M.V., consisted of bassists Stanley Clarke, Marcus Miller and Victor Wooten. It was released on August 12, 2008, via Heads Up International. Recording sessions took place at Hannibal Studio and Threshold Sound + Vision in Santa Monica, at House of Blues Studios in Encino, at Westlake Studios and Le Gonks West in Los Angeles, at VixMix Studios in Nashville, and at Ryan's Place in Topanga. The entire album was produced by Marcus Miller with co-production by Clarke and Wooten. It features contributions from Antoinette "Butterscotch" Clinton on vocals, George Duke, Ruslan Sirota, Ariel Mann, Chick Corea and Karlton Taylor on keyboards, Ronald Bruner Jr., Poogie Bell, Derico Watson and J. D. Blair on drums, Kevin Ricard on percussion, Michael "Patches" Stewart on trumpet, and Steve Baxter on trombone.

The album peaked at #186 on the Billboard 200 albums chart in the United States.

Stanley Clarke
Stanley Clarke (born June 30, 1951) is an American bassist, composer and founding member of Return to Forever, one of the first jazz fusion bands. Clarke gave the bass guitar a prominence it lacked in jazz-related music. He is the first jazz-fusion bassist to headline tours, sell out shows worldwide and have recordings reach gold status.

Clarke is the recipient of five Grammy Awards, with 15 nominations, three as a solo artist, one with the Stanley Clarke Band, and one with Return to Forever. Clarke was selected to become a 2022 recipient of the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Fellowship.

A Stanley Clarke electric bass is permanently on display at the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C.
California State Route 168
State Route 168 (SR 168) is an east-west state highway in the U.S. state of California that is separated into two distinct segments by the Sierra Nevada. The western segment runs from State Routes 41 and 180 in Fresno east to Huntington Lake along the western slope of the Sierra. The eastern segment connects Lake Sabrina in the Eastern Sierra to State Route 266 in the community of Oasis, just to the west of the Nevada border. The eastern segment of SR 168 also forms a concurrency with U.S. Route 395 between Bishop and Big Pine. Originally conceived as a trans-Sierra highway, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has no plans to complete SR 168 over the Sierra Nevada through wilderness areas.

Big Pine, California
Big Pine (formerly Bigpine) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California, United States. Big Pine is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) south-southeast of Bishop. Its population was 1,875 at the 2020 census, up from 1,756 at the 2010 census. The Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation bases their tribal headquarters there.
Knights of Sidonia
Knights of Sidonia (Japanese: シドニアの騎士, Hepburn: Shidonia no Kishi) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tsutomu Nihei. It was serialized by Kodansha in their seinen manga magazine Monthly Afternoon between April 2009 and September 2015, with its chapters collected in 15 tankōbon volumes. It tells the story of Nagate Tanikaze, an "under-dweller" destined to become a Garde pilot, whose mission is to defend the generation ship Sidonia from a hostile alien species called Gauna.

The manga was licensed for English release in North America by Vertical. An anime television series adaptation was produced by Polygon Pictures. The first season aired from April to June 2014; the second between April and June 2015. An anime film sequel titled Knights of Sidonia: Love Woven in the Stars premiered in June 2021.

In 2015, Knights of Sidonia received the 39th Kodansha Manga Award in the general category, as well as the 47th Seiun Award in the Best Comic category in 2016.

Kodansha Manga Award
The Kodansha Manga Award (講談社漫画賞, Kōdansha Manga Shō) is one of Japan's major manga awards. The event is sponsored by publisher Kodansha. It has been awarded annually for serialized manga in its third iteration since 1977.
Syngenetic permafrost growth
Syngenetic permafrost growth is a mode of the growth of permafrost whereby additional material is deposited to a permafrost site during freezing conditions, causing the permafrost layer to build upwards. It is cited as an efficient mode of permafrost growth, compared with heterogenetic permafrost growth, which occurs when freezing temperatures penetrate into previously unfrozen ground of uniform composition. Lunardini gives the basic formulas for permafrost generation under both modes.

Syngenetic deposition of frozen materials comes from any of a variety of sources, sediment from streams and rivers, material fallen from hillsides, material blown by the wind, and  material deposited at the bottom of lakes. Studies of such formations are partly based on observations in the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory tunnel into permafrost near Fairbanks, Alaska.

Ice wedges that intrude into cracks in permafrost may be regarded as syngenetic, if they grow upwards.

Aeolian processes
Aeolian processes, also spelled eoulian, pertain to wind activity in the study of geology and weather and specifically to the wind's ability to shape the surface of the Earth (or other planets).  Winds may erode, transport, and deposit materials. They are effective agents in regions with sparse vegetation, a lack of soil moisture and a large supply of unconsolidated sediments. Although water is a much more powerful eroding force than wind, aeolian processes are important in arid environments such as deserts.

The term is derived from the name of the Greek god Aeolus, the keeper of the winds.
Dominik Schmid (footballer, born 1998)
Dominik Robin Schmid (born 10 March 1998) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays for FC Basel and the Switzerland national football team. A versatile player, he most often plays on the left wing in either defense or midfield.

FC Basel
Fussball Club Basel 1893, widely known as FC Basel, FCB, or just Basel, is a Swiss professional football club based in Basel, in the Canton of Basel-Stadt. Formed in 1893, the club has been Swiss national champions 21 times, Swiss Cup winners 14 times, and Swiss League Cup winners once.

Basel competed in UEFA competitions for 25 consecutive seasons between 1999–2000 and 2023–2024. They have qualified for the group stage of the Champions League more times than any other Swiss club – a total of seven times – and are the only Swiss club to have ever qualified to the said phase directly. In 2021, they set the new record for a Swiss team with the most successful international group stage campaign by reaching 14 points in their Europa Conference League group. Since 2001, the club has played its home games at St. Jakob-Park, built on the site of their previous home, St. Jakob Stadium. Their home colours are red and blue, leading to a nickname of RotBlau.
2014 Sarawak FA season
The 2014 season was Sarawak's first season in the Malaysia Super League since being relegated in 2012. Sarawak kicked off their 2014 season against ATM in Selayang and lost 2–0.

This was Robert Alberts' fourth season in charge after taking over from Haji Mohd Zaki Sheikh Ahmad in 2011.

Sarawak competed in two domestic cups – the FA Cup and the Malaysia Cup – starting the FA Cup tournaments in the first round. They reached the quarter-finals of the FA Cup before being eliminated by Felda United on away goals.

2014 Malaysia FA Cup
The 2014 Malaysia FA Cup, also known as the Astro Piala FA due to the competition's sponsorship by Astro Arena, was the 25th season of the Malaysia FA Cup, a knockout competition for Malaysia's state football association and clubs.

Kelantan were the defending champions. Pahang FA lift the cup at Shah Alam Stadium on 7 June 2014 after defeating Felda United F.C. 2–1.

Pahang FA has qualified for the 2015 AFC Cup as the competition winner.
Bell Sound Studios
Bell Sound Studios was an independent recording studio in New York City from 1950 to 1976. At its height, the studio was the largest independent recording studio in the United States, and the site of recording sessions that produced seminal hits by Jimmie Rodgers, Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers, Dionne Warwick, the McGuire Sisters, the Flamingos, Dion and the Belmonts, Paul Anka, Frankie Avalon, the Drifters and Ben E. King, the Four Seasons, Lesley Gore, the Dixie Cups, the Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, The Capris, and Kiss.

The Flamingos
The Flamingos are an American doo-wop group formed in Chicago in 1953. The band became popular in mid-to-late 1950s and are best known for their 1959 cover version of "I Only Have Eyes for You". They have since been hailed as being one of the finest and most influential vocal groups in pop and doo wop music history. In 2001, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

The band's cover version of "I Only Have Eyes for You" was ranked number 158 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
Christopher Sieber
Christopher Luverne Sieber (born February 18, 1969) is an American actor. Known primarily for his extensive roles on stage in musicals, he has received nominations for two Tony Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, and two Outer Critics Circle Awards.

He was twice nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical first at the 59th Tony Awards in 2005 for his portrayal of Sir Dennis Galahad in Spamalot, and then at the 63rd Tony Awards in 2009 for his portrayal of Lord Farquaad in Shrek the Musical. He recently starred in Broadway productions of The Prom (2018), Company (2021), and Death Becomes Her (2024).

The Prom (musical)
The Prom is a musical with music by Matthew Sklar, lyrics by Chad Beguelin, and a book by Bob Martin and Beguelin, based on an original concept by Jack Viertel. The musical follows four Broadway actors lamenting their days of fame, as they travel to the conservative town of Edgewater, Indiana, to help a lesbian student banned from bringing her girlfriend to high school prom.

The musical had a tryout at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, in 2016 and premiered on Broadway at the Longacre Theatre in October 2018.

A film adaptation, starring Meryl Streep and James Corden, and produced/directed by Ryan Murphy, was released on Netflix on December 11, 2020.
Tucabia, New South Wales
Tucabia is a locality and village in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on the banks of the Coldstream River, around 10 kilometres south-east of the town of Ulmarra. The village has a general store, fuel station, and a public school. At the 2021 census, the locality of Tucabia recorded a population of 354.

Ulmarra
Ulmarra is a small town on the south bank of the Clarence River in New South Wales, Australia in the Clarence Valley district. At the 2021 census, Ulmarra had a population of 418.

The town had the distinction of being the smallest local government area of New South Wales until 2000 when it amalgamated with the Nymboida Shire to form Pristine Waters Shire, which later merged with Copmanhurst, Grafton and Maclean Shires to become the Clarence Valley Council.

Ulmarra's name comes from an Aboriginal word meaning "Bend in the river".

The Ulmarra Ferry was a vehicular cable ferry, which crosses the Clarence River from a point about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of Ulmarra, to Southgate on the north bank. It closed in June 2024.

The Clarence River, with the Ulmarra Ferry
Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
The Ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty IX) is often combined with the 7th, 8th, 10th and early 11th Dynasties under the group title First Intermediate Period.
The dynasty that seems to have supplanted the Eighth Dynasty is extremely obscure. The takeover by the rulers of Herakleopolis was violent and is reflected in Manetho's description of Achthoes, the founder of the dynasty, as 'more terrible than his predecessors', who 'wrought evil things for those in all Egypt".

Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
The Seventh Dynasty of Egypt would mark the beginning of the First Intermediate Period in the early 22nd century BC but its actual existence is debated. The only historical account on the Seventh Dynasty was in Manetho's Aegyptiaca, a history of Egypt written in the 3rd century BC, where the Seventh Dynasty appears essentially as a metaphor for chaos. Since next to nothing is known of this dynasty beyond Manetho's account, Egyptologists such as Jürgen von Beckerath and Toby Wilkinson have usually considered it to be fictitious. In a 2015 re-appraisal of the fall of the Old Kingdom, the Egyptologist Hratch Papazian has proposed that the Seventh Dynasty was real and that it consisted of kings usually attributed to the Eighth Dynasty.
Homo Erectus (film)
Homo Erectus (released on DVD in the United States as National Lampoon's The Stoned Age) is a 2007 American comedy film written and directed by Adam Rifkin, and starring Giuseppe Andrews, Gary Busey, David Carradine, Ron Jeremy, Ali Larter, Hayes MacArthur, Adam Rifkin, Talia Shire and Sasha Grey in her film acting debut. The film premiered at the 2007 Slamdance Film Festival in January 2007.

Gary Busey
William Gary Busey (/ˈbjuːsi/; born June 29, 1944) is an American actor. He portrayed Buddy Holly in The Buddy Holly Story (1978), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor. His other starring roles include A Star Is Born (1976), D.C. Cab (1983), Silver Bullet (1985), Eye of the Tiger (1986), Lethal Weapon (1987), Hider in the House (1989), Predator 2 (1990), Point Break (1991),  Under Siege (1992), The Firm (1993), Drop Zone (1994), Black Sheep (1996) and Lost Highway (1997).
Frank Villa
Giovanni Raphael Frank Villa (January 29, 1873 – November 12, 1933), also known as "Count Villa" or "the Count," was an American football player, judge, and consular official.  He played college football for Whitman College in 1893 and for the University of Michigan from 1893 to 1896.  He was selected as a first-team All-Western player in 1895.  He later became a consular official for Italy, a judge and gold prospector in Alaska, and a representative of the Great Northern Railroad.  He also served in the U. S. Army during World War I.

Gustave Ferbert
Gustave Herman Ferbert (July 22, 1873 – January 15, 1943), nicknamed "Dutch", was an American college football player and coach. He was first a player from 1893 to 1896 and then the head football coach from 1897 to 1899 at the University of Michigan.  His 1898 Michigan team went 10–0 and won the first Western Conference (now known as the Big Ten Conference) championship in the school's history. Ferbert compiled a record of 24–11–3 as head coach of the Michigan Wolverines football team. He was also co-head football coach with Joseph R. Hudelson at Indiana University for one season, in 1894, while still a student at Michigan.

Ferbert left the University of Michigan in 1900 and spent nine years prospecting for gold in Alaska, finally striking it rich off claims he discovered in 1908 and 1909.
Hind (Sasanian province)
Hind (also spelled Hindestan) was the name of a southeastern Sasanian province lying near the Indus River. The boundaries of the province are obscure. The Austrian historian and numismatist Nikolaus Schindel has suggested that the province may have corresponded to the Sindh region, where the Sasanians notably minted unique gold coins. According to the modern historian C. J. Brunner, the province possibly included—whenever jurisdiction was established—the areas of the Indus River, including the southern part of Punjab.

Sakastan (Sasanian province)
Sakastan (also known as Sagestān, Sagistan, Seyanish, Segistan, Sistan, and Sijistan) was a Sasanian province in Late Antiquity, that lay within the kust of Nemroz. The province bordered Kirman in the west, Spahan in the north west, Kushanshahr in the north east, and Turan in the south east. The governor of the province held the title of marzban. The governor also held the title of "Sakanshah" (king of the Saka) until the title was abolished in ca. 459/60.
HMS Seymour (1916)
HMS Seymour  was a Parker-class flotilla leader of the British  Royal Navy. She was built by Cammell Laird during the First World War, being launched on 31 August 1916 and completing on 30 November  that year. Seymour served with the Grand Fleet for the rest of the war, which she survived. The ship was sold for scrap in January 1931.

Grand Fleet
The Grand Fleet was the main battlefleet of the Royal Navy during the First World War. It was established in August 1914 and disbanded in April 1919. Its main base was Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands.