hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Square root of a matrix
In mathematics, the square root of a matrix extends the notion of square root from numbers to matrices. A matrix B is said to be a square root of A if the matrix product BB is equal to A.

Some authors use the name square root or the notation A1/2 only for the specific case when A is positive semidefinite, to denote the unique matrix B that is positive semidefinite and such that BB = BTB = A (for real-valued matrices, where BT is the transpose of B).

Less frequently, the name square root may be used for any factorization of a positive semidefinite matrix A as BTB = A, as in the Cholesky factorization, even if BB ≠ A. This distinct meaning is discussed in Positive definite matrix § Decomposition.

Transpose
In linear algebra, transposition is an operation that flips a matrix over its diagonal; that is, transposition switches the row and column indices of the matrix A to produce another matrix, called the transpose of A and often denoted AT (among other notations).

The transpose of a matrix was introduced in 1858 by the British mathematician Arthur Cayley.
Greg Rucka bibliography
Greg Rucka is an American writer known for the series of novels starring his character Atticus Kodiak, the creator-owned comic book series Whiteout, Queen & Country, Stumptown and Lazarus, as well as lengthy runs on such titles as Detective Comics, Wonder Woman, Elektra and Wolverine. Rucka has written a substantial amount of supplemental material for a number of DC Comics' line-wide and inter-title crossovers, including "No Man's Land", "Infinite Crisis" and "New Krypton". Rucka has also co-created, along with writer Ed Brubaker and artist Michael Lark, the acclaimed comic book series Gotham Central, which takes the perspective of ordinary policemen working in Gotham City.

Queen & Country
Queen & Country is an American comic book published by Oni Press and written by Greg Rucka with various artists illustrating.

It was inspired by the British ITV television series The Sandbaggers (1978–1980), which was created and primarily written by Ian Mackintosh. Mackintosh is heavily praised in an essay by Rucka in Issue #1 of Queen & Country.
Sonny Nickle
Sonny Nickle (born 4 May 1969) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He played at club level as a prop or second-row for Hunslet, St Helens, Bradford Bulls, Sheffield Eagles and the Leigh Centurions.

Sheffield Eagles
The Sheffield Eagles are a professional rugby league club based in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. They play home games at the Olympic Legacy Park and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Sheffield's only major honour was winning the 1998 Challenge Cup, they have won the Second Division twice.

The clubs traditional home colours are red, white and gold and they share a rivalry with Doncaster.
Kingdom Come (Jay-Z album)
Kingdom Come is the ninth studio album by American rapper Jay-Z. It was released on November 21, 2006, through Roc-A-Fella Records and Def Jam Recordings. It was considered a "comeback album" for the rapper, as 2003's The Black Album was promoted as his final release. The production on the album was handled by multiple producers including Just Blaze, DJ Khalil, Dr. Dre, The Neptunes, Swizz Beatz and Kanye West among others. The album also features guest appearances by John Legend, Beyoncé, Usher, Ne-Yo and more.

Kingdom Come was supported to four singles: "Show Me What You Got", "Lost One", "30 Something" and "Hollywood". The album received generally lukewarm reviews from music critics but was a commercial success. It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, selling 680,000 copies in its first week. At the 50th Annual Grammy Awards, Jay-Z earned a nomination for Best Rap Album.

DJ Khalil
Khalil Abdul-Rahman Hazzard (born October 16, 1974), professionally known as DJ Khalil, is an American music producer and DJ from Los Angeles. The son of NBA player Walt Hazzard, he signed with rapper Dr. Dre's record label, Aftermath Entertainment, as in-house talent in 2001. Since then, he has co-produced the Billboard 200-number one albums Recovery (2010) and The Marshall Mathers LP 2 (2013) by Eminem,  I Decided (2017) by Big Sean, Donda (2021) by Kanye West, and Mr. Morale and the Big Steppers (2022) by Kendrick Lamar, among others. Furthermore, he has been credited on the Billboard Hot 100-top 40 singles "The Man" by Aloe Blacc, "Kush" by label boss Dr. Dre, "Survival" by Eminem, and "Hurricane" by West and the Weeknd. As an instrumental artist, he formed the hip hop duo Self Scientific with Chace Infinite in 1994, as well as the group The New Royales in 2008, which includes Liz Rodrigues, Erik Alcock and Chin Injeti.
1930 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania
The 1930 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania was held on November 4, 1930. Joseph R. Grundy, incumbent Republican appointed to fill the vacancy created by the unseating of William Scott Vare, was defeated for re-nomination. The Republican nominee, James J. Davis, defeated Democratic nominee Sedgwick Kistler to win the election.

Joseph R. Grundy
Joseph Ridgway Grundy (January 13, 1863 – March 3, 1961) was an American textile manufacturer and Republican Party politician from Bristol, Pennsylvania. He represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate.
Stolokrosuchus
Stolokrosuchus is an extinct genus of crocodyliforms found in the Early Cretaceous Elrhaz Formation, Niger. It is known from a nearly complete skull displaying a narrow, highly elongated and tubular snout similar to modern gharials. The classification of Stolokrosuchus has been a matter of debate, it was originally considered to be a member of the family Peirosauridae, but later studies also recovered it as possibly closely related to mahajangasuchids or more recently as a member of the family Itasuchidae. While all of these placements would classify Stolokrosuchus as a notosuchian, other studies have proposed a closer relationship to Neosuchia, although these results have been considered to be possibly influenced by its elongated snout. Stolokrosuchus is thought to have been a semi-aquatic animal like modern crocodiles and may have fed on fish and other agile prey present in the waterways of the Paleo-Tegama River System. The type and only known species is S. lapparenti.

Neosuchia
Neosuchia is a clade within Mesoeucrocodylia that includes all modern extant crocodilians and their closest fossil relatives. It is defined as the most inclusive clade containing all crocodylomorphs more closely related to Crocodylus niloticus (the Nile Crocodile) than to Notosuchus terrestris. Members of Neosuchia generally share a crocodilian-like bodyform adapted to freshwater aquatic life, as opposed to the terrestrial habits of more basal crocodylomorph groups. The earliest neosuchian is suggested to be the Early Jurassic Calsoyasuchus, which lived during the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian stages in North America. It is often identified as a member of Goniopholididae, though this is disputed, and the taxon may lie outside Neosuchia, which places the earliest records of the group in the Middle Jurassic.
Didier Tholot
Didier Tholot (born 2 April 1964) is a French former professional footballer who turned to management in 2002, and is currently the manager of Sion in the Swiss Super League. Whilst at Bordeaux, he played in the 1996 UEFA Cup Final.

1996 UEFA Cup final
The 1996 UEFA Cup final was a two-legged association football match contested by Bayern Munich of Germany and Bordeaux of France to determine the winner of the 1995–96 UEFA Cup. This was the only UEFA Cup final during the 1990s to not feature any Italian sides and Bordeaux—in its only ever European final as of 2026—became the only team in the competition's history to reach the final from qualifying through the UEFA Intertoto Cup.

The first leg was played at the Olympiastadion in Munich on 1 May 1996, and the second leg was played two weeks later at Parc Lescure in Bordeaux. Bayern won the first leg 2–0 and the second leg 3–1 to record a 5–1 aggregate victory. With this victory, Bayern became the third club to have won all three major European trophies at the time (European Cup/UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, and the Cup Winners' Cup).
Hadibu
Hadibu is the largest town and administrative capital of Socotra Governorate, a governorate of Yemen. It is situated on the northeastern coast of Socotra in the Socotra Archipelago. It hosts the main airport and sea port serving the island, making it the primary gateway. It is the seat of Hidaybū, the larger eastern district of Socotra's two administrative districts. The Soqotri language, an unwritten Semitic language, is widely spoken.

Soqotri language
Soqotri is a South Semitic language spoken by the Soqotrans on the islands of the Socotra Archipelago in Yemen. Soqotri is one of six languages that form a group called Modern South Arabian languages (MSAL). It is also spoken by Soqotri immigrants in the Gulf Arab states.
Charlie Austin
Charles Austin (born 5 July 1989) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Southern League Premier Division South club Hungerford Town.

Released from his contract by Reading as a youth, Austin played non-league football up to May 2009, when he was signed by Swindon Town after a prolific season for Poole Town. After scoring 58 goals in 113 matches in the Football League Championship for Burnley and Queens Park Rangers, Austin made his debut in the Premier League during the 2014–15 season, scoring 18 goals for relegated Queens Park Rangers and receiving a call-up for the England national team. He returned to the Premier League in January 2016 when he signed for Southampton, scoring the winning goal against Manchester United on his debut.

Hungerford Town F.C.
Hungerford Town Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Hungerford, Berkshire, England. Affiliated to the Berks & Bucks Football Association, they are currently members of  and play at Bulpit Lane.
First Meditations (for quartet)
First Meditations (for quartet) is an album by John Coltrane recorded on September 2, 1965, and posthumously released in 1977. It is a quartet version of a suite Coltrane would record as Meditations two months later with an expanded group. Along with Sun Ship, recorded a week earlier, First Meditations represents the final recordings of Coltrane's classic quartet featuring pianist McCoy Tyner, bassist Jimmy Garrison, and drummer Elvin Jones.

McCoy Tyner
Alfred McCoy Tyner (December 11, 1938 – March 6, 2020) was an American jazz pianist and composer known for his work with the John Coltrane Quartet from 1960 to 1965 and his long solo career afterward. He was an NEA Jazz Master and a five-time Grammy Award winner. Tyner has been widely imitated and is one of the most recognizable and influential jazz pianists of all time.
Jamilya İsayeva
Jamilya Kubanychbekovna Isaeva (born July 19, 1977) is a Kyrgyz politician who has served as a member of the Supreme Council since her election in 2021 . A member of Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan, she was Deputy Speaker of the Supreme Council from 2022 until her resignation in 2025.

Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan
Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz: Ата-Журт Кыргызстан; lit. 'Fatherland Kyrgyzstan') is a Kyrgyz political party, currently the largest in the country's Supreme Council. The party is described as one of the ruling parties of the Sadyr Japarov government.

Despite the similarity of its names to Ata-Jurt and Respublika–Ata Jurt, and its close ties to Kamchybek Tashiev, the founder of both of these parties, Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan is a separate entity, founded in 2021 on the legal basis of the inactive El Bigimdigi party.
CS Minaur Baia Mare (football)
Minaur Baia Mare, known also as Minerul Baia Mare, is a Romanian football club, based in Baia Mare, Maramureș County, northern Romania, founded in 1947. It currently plays in Romania's third division, Liga III. It played for seven seasons in Romania's first league, Liga I, last in 1995.

Liga III
The Liga 3, most often spelled as Liga III, is the third level of the Romanian football league system. It was founded in 1936 and was called Divizia C until 2006. An exception was the seasons 1992–93 to 1996–97, in which the league was called Divizia B. Its name was changed from Divizia C to Liga III before the start of the 2006–07 season.
Beyond Blood
Beyond Blood is a 2016 Nigerian romantic drama film directed by Greg Odutayo, and starring Kehinde Bankole, Joseph Benjamin, Bimbo Manuel, Deyemi Okanlawon, Carol King, Wole Ojo and Shan George. It premiered on 14 January 2016 in Lagos, and was generally released on 15 January 2016.

Kehinde Bankole
Kehinde Bankole Listenⓘ (born 27 March 1985) is a Nigerian actress, model, and television host. She made her entertainment debut in Miss Commonwealth Nigeria 2003, then proceeded with MBGN 2004. She was named Revelation of the Year at the 2009 Best of Nollywood Awards, two years after her first screen feature in Wale Adenuga's Super Story.
Handaya
Handaya (Sinhala: හඳයා) is a 1979 Sri Lankan Sinhala black-n-white children's film directed and produced by Titus Thotawatte for Thotawatte Salaroo. The film is cited as a legend in Sinhala cinema history. It stars many child actors along with Henry Jayasena, J.H.Jayawardana and Pearl Wasudevi in lead roles along with U. Ariyavimal and Gemunu Wijesuriya. Music composed by Somapala Rathnayake. It is the 434th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema.

The film received mainly positive reviews from critics and awarded in many local and international film festivals. Handaya received 8.8 of ratings from IMDb database.

Henry Jayasena
Kala Keerthi Dr Bastian Koralage Henry Rudrigo Jayasena (born 6 July 1931 – died 11 November 2009 as Sinhala: හෙන්රි ජයසේන), popularly known as Henry Jayasena, was an actor in Sri Lankan cinema, theater and television. With a career spanning more than four decades, Jayasena is considered one of the best dramatists in Sri Lankan drama.
Pangasinan Heatwaves
The Pangasinan Heatwaves are a Filipino professional basketball team based in the province of Pangasinan. The team competes in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) as a member of the league's North Division. The team splits its home games between Calasiao Sports Complex in Calasiao and Robert B. Estrella Sr. Memorial Stadium in Rosales.

The team began play in the 2024 MPBL season as part of the league's Northern Luzon expansion. They also compete in the Pilipinas Super League under the name Pangasinan Abono Reapers.

The Heatwaves are the lone team based in the Ilocos Region and are one of three teams based in Northern Luzon, the other two being the Abra Solid North Weavers and Ilagan Isabela Cowboys

Calasiao
Calasiao, officially the Municipality of Calasiao (Pangasinan: Baley na Calasiao; Ilocano: Ili ti Calasiao; Tagalog: Bayan ng Calasiao),  is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 100,686 people.

Today, Calasiao is known as a first class, highly commercialized municipality and is strategically located at the heart of Pangasinan. It consists of 24 barangays and 31 sitios across a total land area of 4,836 hectares. Being a town adjacent to the city of Dagupan, the municipality's economic activities are fed by the demand in Dagupan as the town increasingly becomes an important satellite commercial hub for the immediate area. In terms of delicacy, Calasiao's flagship product is the native rice cake known as Puto Calasiao.
History of the British National Party
The British National Party (BNP) is a far-right political party in the United Kingdom formed as a splinter group from the National Front by John Tyndall in 1982 and was led by Nick Griffin from September 1999 to July 2014.  Its current chairman is Adam Walker. The BNP platform is centred on the advocacy of "firm but voluntary incentives for immigrants and their descendants to return home", as well as the repeal of anti-discrimination legislation.  It restricted membership to "indigenous British" people until a 2010 legal challenge to its constitution.

Adam Walker (British politician)
Adam Walker is a British far-right politician who is the chairman of the British National Party (BNP). He was elected in a leadership election on 27 July 2015, having previously been appointed acting chairman by the National Executive when the then-leader, Nick Griffin, resigned.
Anne Curwen
Dame Anne May Curwen, OBE DBE (7 May 1889 – 13 September 1973) was an English educator and charity worker. She was the National General Secretary of the YWCA of Great Britain, was secretary of the Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service (SWH) and founded the British Council for Aid to Refugees.

Refugee Council
The Refugee Council is a UK-based organisation which works with refugees and asylum seekers. The organisation provides support and advice to refugees and asylum seekers, as well as support for other refugee and asylum seeker organisations. The Refugee Council also produces many reports and educational material relating to refugee issues, and lobbies politicians and the media on these issues. The Council works in partnership with many other refugee organisations, including the British Red Cross, Scottish Refugee Council, Welsh Refugee Council, North of England Refugee Service, Northern Refugee Centre, and Refugee Action.
Law Society (horse)
Law Society (16 February 1982 – 7 March 2011) was an American-bred, Irish-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a racing career which lasted from August 1984 until July 1985 he won five of his eight races and was rated among the best of his generation in Europe in both years. As a two-year-old he won the Anglesey Stakes and the National Stakes in Ireland before being narrowly defeated in the Dewhurst Stakes. In the following year he won the Chester Vase and finished second in The Derby before recording his biggest win when defeating a strong international field in the Irish Derby. He was retired from racing at the end of his three-year-old season and stood as a breeding stallion in Ireland and Germany with some success. Law Society died in 2011 at the age of twenty-nine.

Anglesey Stakes
The Anglesey Stakes is a Group 3 flat horse race in Ireland open to two-year-old thoroughbreds. It is run at the Curragh over a distance of 6 furlongs and 63 yards (1,265 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in July.
Stephen Byrne (broadcaster)
Stephen Byrne is an Irish Australian radio, television, and Internet personality. He began his career as a YouTuber before being discovered by RTÉ, going on to present a number of programmes for the network, including Two Tube for RTÉ Two (2010, 2012–2017) and Weekenders for RTÉ 2fm (2017–2022).

RTÉ 2fm
RTÉ 2fm, or 2FM as it is more commonly referred to, is an Irish radio station operated by RTÉ. The station specialises in current popular music and chart hits and  is the second national radio station in Ireland.
Andreas Wallraff
Andreas Wallraff is a German physicist who conducts research in quantum information processing and quantum optics. He has taught as a professor at ETH Zurich in Zurich, Switzerland since 2006. He worked as a research scientist with Robert J. Schoelkopf at Yale University from 2002 to 2005, during which time he performed experiments in which the coherent interaction of a single photon with a single quantum electronic circuit was observed for the first time. His current work at ETH Zurich focuses on hybrid quantum systems combining superconducting electronic circuits with semiconductor quantum dots and individual Rydberg atoms as well as quantum error correction with superconducting qubits.

He has contributed primarily to the field of quantum information science, particularly in superconducting quantum computing and hybrid quantum systems.

Rydberg atom
A Rydberg atom is an excited atom with one or more electrons that have a very high principal quantum number, n. The higher the value of n, the farther the electron is from the nucleus, on average. Rydberg atoms have a number of peculiar properties including an exaggerated response to electric and magnetic fields, long decay periods and electron wavefunctions that approximate, under some conditions, classical orbits of electrons about the nuclei.  The core electrons shield the outer electron from the electric field of the nucleus such that, from a distance, the electric potential looks identical to that experienced by the electron in a hydrogen atom.
Bruno Dary
Bruno Dary (born 21 December 1952 in Barcelonnette, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) is a former Général d'armée of the French Army and commandant of the Foreign Legion. He was the 136th Military governor of Paris (French: Gouverneur militaire de Paris) from 1 August 2007 until 2012, and is the current president of the Committee of the Flame under the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile, the association in charge of maintaining the eternal flame of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
A Tomb of the Unknown Soldier or Tomb of the Unknown Warrior is a monument dedicated to the services of an unknown soldier and the common memories of all soldiers killed in war. Such tombs are located in many nations and are usually high-profile national monuments. Throughout history, many soldiers have died in war with their remains being unidentified. Following World War I, a movement arose to commemorate these soldiers with a single tomb, containing the body of one such unidentified soldier.
Mark I & II
Mark I & II is a 1973 compilation album by Deep Purple, released by EMI's German subsidiary Electrola. It contains material originally released between 1968 and 1973. This double LP was released after Ian Gillan and Roger Glover had left Deep Purple in June 1973. This compilation was mainly a European release, but was also released in various overseas territories, like Australia and New Zealand.

This is the first album to feature the single A-sides "Emmaretta", "Black Night", and "Strange Kind of Woman", the B-side "When a Blind Man Cries", and the single edit of "Woman from Tokyo". "Highway Star" is the Made in Japan live version.

Strange Kind of Woman
"Strange Kind of Woman" is a song by English rock band Deep Purple that was originally released as a follow-up single to "Black Night" in early 1971. The song also became a hit, peaking at No. 8 on the UK chart and Germany, and No. 1 in Denmark. The 1996 remix by Roger Glover later appeared on the re-release of the band's 1971 album Fireball, while the original version can be found on various Deep Purple compilations. Although not part of the Fireball recording sessions, "Strange Kind of Woman" was included on the US and Canadian editions of the album, in lieu of the track "Demon's Eye" on the UK edition.

The B-side song, "I'm Alone", was later released on The Deep Purple Singles A's and B's as well as on the 25th anniversary reissue of Fireball.
Ken Hancock
Kenneth Paul Hancock (25 November 1937 – 27 April 2025) was an English footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He was the younger brother of Ray Hancock, who also played as a goalkeeper.

Hancock made 442 league appearances in a 15-year career in the Football League. He began his professional career at Port Vale in December 1958. He helped the club to win the Fourth Division title in 1958–59 and remained the club's first-choice goalkeeper until he was sold to Ipswich Town for a £10,000 fee in December 1964. He kept goal as the club won the Second Division title in 1967–68. He was sold to Tottenham Hotspur for £7,000 in March 1969. He moved on to Bury in July 1971 and later played Northern Premier League football for Stafford Rangers and Northwich Victoria. He later briefly managed non-League club Leek Town.

Stafford Rangers F.C.
Stafford Rangers Football Club is a semi-professional English football team from Stafford which plays in the Northern Premier League Division One West.

The team wear black and white stripes with black shorts. Stafford Rangers' rivals include Tamworth, Hednesford Town, Burton Albion and Telford United.