hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tsuda Sen
Tsuda Sen (津田 仙, August 6, 1837 – April 24, 1908) was a politician, educator and writer in Meiji period Japan. He was one of the founders of Aoyama Gakuin university, and the father of noted author and educator Tsuda Umeko.

Aoyama Gakuin
Aoyama Gakuin School Corporation (学校法人青山学院, Gakkō Hōjin Aoyama Gakuin) is an educational institute in Tokyo, Japan, which comprises Aoyama Gakuin University, Aoyama Gakuin Senior High School, Aoyama Gakuin Junior High School, Aoyama Gakuin Elementary School, and Aoyama Gakuin Kindergarten.

The institute was founded in 1874 by Dora E. Schoonmaker, an American missionary sent to Japan by the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Canadian missionary Davidson Macdonald MD played a role in the establishment of Aoyama Gakuin, and his contribution to the improvement of Japan's educational system is considered an important episode in the early history of Japanese-Canadian relations.
Nodar Khokhashvili
Nodar Georgiyevich Khokhashvili (born 28 September 1940) is a retired Georgian freestyle wrestler who won a bronze medal in the featherweight division at the 1964 Olympics. His silver medal match against Stancho Kolev ended in a draw, and the preference was given to Kolev because of his lower body weight.

After the Olympics, Khokhashvili moved to the lightweight category and won medals at the 1969 European Championships and 1969 World Championships. Domestically, he won one Soviet lightweight title in 1969.

Stancho Kolev
Stancho Kolev Ivanov (Bulgarian: Станчо Колев Иванов, 11 April 1937 – 25 November 2025) was a Bulgarian freestyle wrestler. He competed in the featherweight category at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics and won silver medals on both occasions. Kolev died on 25 November 2025, at the age of 88.
2012 College Station shooting
On August 13, 2012, a local constable was shot and killed in College Station, Texas, by the man to whom he was serving a legal notice. Other officers came to the scene and engaged in a shootout that lasted for approximately thirty minutes, during which one bystander was killed and officers were injured. The suspect, who was shot and fatally wounded in the gunfight, was later identified as 35-year-old Thomas Alton Caffall III. Police found a Vz 58 Tactical Sporter rifle, a Mosin–Nagant M91/30 rifle with a bayonet, a .40-caliber SIG Sauer P226 pistol stolen from a police officer, and a PSL rifle with a scope in his house after the shooting.

.40 S&W
The .40 S&W is a rimless pistol cartridge developed jointly by American firearms manufacturers Smith & Wesson and Winchester in 1990. The .40 S&W was developed as a law enforcement cartridge designed to duplicate the performance of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) reduced-velocity 10mm Auto cartridge which could be retrofitted into medium-frame (9 mm size) semi-automatic handguns. It uses 0.40-inch-diameter (10 mm) bullets ranging in weight from 105 to 200 grains (6.8 to 13.0 g).
Simkins v. City of Greensboro
Simkins v. City of Greensboro, 246 F.2d 425 (4th Cir. 1957), was a 1957 case which required the City of Greensboro, North Carolina to stop discriminating on the basis of race at its Gillespie Park Golf Club, even though it was leasing the club to a private organization. The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the decision.

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (in case citations, 4th Cir.) is a federal court located in Richmond, Virginia, with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

District of Maryland

Eastern District of North Carolina

Middle District of North Carolina

Western District of North Carolina

District of South Carolina

Eastern District of Virginia

Western District of Virginia

Northern District of West Virginia

Southern District of West Virginia

The court is based at the Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States Courthouse in Richmond, Virginia. With 15 authorized judgeships, it is the 4th largest circuit among the 13 United States Courts of Appeals.
Richmond Bluebirds
The Richmond Bluebirds were a minor league baseball team based in Richmond, Virginia. Between 1895 and 1901, the Bluebirds played as members of the Virginia League in 1895 and 1896, Atlantic League from 1897 to 1899, Virginia League in 1900 and Virginia-North Carolina League in 1901. The Bluebirds won league championships in 1895, 1896, 1898 and 1899, all while playing under manager Jake Wells.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Jack Chesbro played for the Richmond Blue Birds from 1897 to 1899.

The Bluebirds were succeeded by the 1906 Richmond Colts, who began play in the Virginia League. Today, the Richmond Flying Squirrels play as members of the Double-A Northeast League.

The team was also occasionally nicknamed the "Cherubs" by papers in their time.

Virginia League
The Virginia League was a minor league baseball affiliation which operated in Virginia and North Carolina from 1906 to 1928. It was classified as a "C" league from 1906 to 1919 and as a "B" league from 1920 to 1928, folding in June.

The most famous alumni to come out of the league were World War II hero, General Frank A. Armstrong (the highest-ranking military officer to have played professional baseball), and Hall of Fame members Rick Ferrell, Sam Rice, Chief Bender, Pie Traynor, and Hack Wilson. Chief Bender, Art Devlin,  Gabby Street and Zinn Beck served as managers in the league.
History of Hamburg
Hamburg was founded in the 9th century. Since the Middle Ages, it has been an important trading center in Europe. The convenient location of the port and its independence as a city and state for centuries strengthened this position.

The city was a member of the medieval Hanseatic trading league and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1815 until 1866 Hamburg was an independent and sovereign state of the German Confederation, then the North German Confederation (1866–71), the German Empire (1871–1918) and during the period of the Weimar Republic (1918–33). In Nazi Germany Hamburg was a city-state and a Gau from 1934 until 1945. After the Second World War Hamburg was in the British Zone of Occupation and became a state in the western part of Germany in the Federal Republic of Germany (since 1949).

St. Mary's Cathedral, Hamburg
Saint Mary's Cathedral in Hamburg (German: Sankt Mariendom, also Mariendom, or simply Dom or Domkirche, or Hamburger Dom) was the cathedral of the ancient Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg (not to be confused with Hamburg's modern Archdiocese, est. 1994), which was merged in personal union with the Diocese of Bremen in 847, and later in real union to form the Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen, as of 1027.

In 1180 the cathedral compound turned into the cathedral close (German: Domfreiheit; i.e. cathedral immunity district), forming an exclave of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen within the city of Hamburg. By the Reformation the concathedral was converted into a Lutheran church. The cathedral immunity district, since 1648 an exclave of the Duchy of Bremen, was seized by Hamburg in 1803. The city then prompted the demolition of the proto-cathedral between 1804 and 1807.
James Brown Scott
James Brown Scott (June 3, 1866 – June 25, 1943) was an American legal scholar. He founded the law school at University of Southern California and was professor of law at University of Illinois, Columbia University, George Washington University, and Georgetown University. He was editor in chief of the American Journal of International Law, played a key role in founding the American Society of International Law, and was an expert to the United States delegation at the Second Hague Peace Conference.

Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands. Along with the Geneva Conventions, the Hague Conventions were among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the body of secular international law. A third conference was planned for 1914 and later rescheduled for 1915, but it did not take place because of the start of World War I. Article 22 states that, "the right of belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited.”
Waye Mason
Waye Mason is a Canadian businessman, educator and former politician from Nova Scotia. He was a member of the Halifax Regional Council from 2012 to 2024, Deputy Mayor from 2018 to 2019, and a candidate for Mayor of Halifax in 2024.

Halifax Regional Council
Halifax Regional Council (French: Conseil régional d'Halifax) is the governing body of Halifax, known as the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM). Halifax is governed by a mayor-council system, where councillors are elected from sixteen geographic districts though a first-past-the-post system and the mayor is elected via a municipality-wide first-past-the-post vote. Halifax Regional Council was formed in 1996 and consisted of twenty-three councillors and one mayor. It was reduced in size to sixteen councillors and the mayor in 2012. The council meets at Halifax City Hall.
Helena of Znojmo
Helena of Znojmo (Czech: Helena Znojemská; Polish: Helena znojemska; c. 1141–1202/1206), was a Bohemian princess, a member of the Přemyslid dynasty. She was the daughter of Duke Conrad II of Znojmo and his Serbian wife Maria (daughter of Uroš I). Helena was probably named after her maternal aunt, Queen Helena of Hungary, wife of King Béla II.

Born as princess of the Znojmo Appanage (named after its centre, the town of Znojmo in southern Moravia), she later became by marriage Duchess of Sandomierz (1173-1194), Grand Duchess of Kraków and the Seniorate Province (1177-1194), Duchess of Masovia (1186–1194), and Duchess-regent of Kraków and the Seniorate Province, Sandomierz, and Masovia on behalf of her minor sons from 1194–1198, then the latter two duchies plus Kuyavia until 1199/1200.

Helena of Serbia, Queen of Hungary
Helena of Serbia (Serbian: Јелена/Jelena, Hungarian: Ilona; b. after 1109 – after 1146) was Queen of Hungary and Croatia as the wife of King Béla II. After her husband's death, she governed Hungary as regent from 1141 to September 1146 together with her brother, Beloš, during the minority of her eldest son, Géza II, came of age.

A daughter of Prince Uroš I of Serbia (r. ca. 1112–1145), she was arranged to marry Béla II in 1129 by his cousin, King Stephen II (r. 1116–1131). Her younger sons, Ladislaus II and Stephen IV, also ruled as kings of Hungary. She had two other brothers Uroš II and Desa besides Beloš.
Route départementale 914
The Route Départementale 914 or RD 914 is the scenic route by the Mediterranean Sea, between Perpignan and Cerbère, at the Spanish border.
Formerly named Route Nationale 114, or  RN 114 before being handed to the département of Pyrénées-Orientales, on December 9 2005.
It becomes the Spanish National Road N-260 or Eix Pirenenc (in Catalan) as it crosses the border toward Portbou.

The N-260 is about to be upgraded into a highway, the "Autovía del Eje Pirenaico" (in Spanish) or "Autovia del Eix Pirenenc" (in Catalan), the Autovía A-26.

See the Route Départementale 914 on GoogleMaps

Cerbère
Cerbère (French pronunciation: [sɛʁbɛʁ] ⓘ; Catalan: Cervera de la Marenda; Occitan: Cerbèr) is a commune and railway town in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Its inhabitants are called Cerbériens (Cerverins / Cerverines in Catalan).

The village is best known for the border railway station, Gare de Cerbère, on the French side of the border on the railway line between Perpignan and Barcelona. Since France and Spain use different rail gauges, the border stations of Cerbère and Portbou are quite busy with various transfer or gauge adjustment operations.
William J. Higginson
William J. Higginson (December 17, 1938 – October 11, 2008) was  an American poet, translator and author most notable for his work with haiku and renku, born in New York City. He was one of the charter members of the Haiku Society of America, and was present at its formation meeting in 1968.

Haiku Society of America
The Haiku Society of America is a non-profit organization composed of haiku poets, editors, critics, publishers and enthusiasts that promotes the composition and appreciation of haiku in English. Founded in 1968, it is the largest society dedicated to haiku and related forms of poetry outside Japan, and holds meetings, lectures, workshops, readings, and contests, throughout the United States. The society's journal, Frogpond, first published in 1978, appears three times a year. As of 2022, the HSA has over 1,000 members.
Inyoites
Inyoites is an ammonoid genus from the Lower Triassic, included in the ceratitid family Inyoitidae.

Inyoites was first described by Hyatt and Smith. The type species, Inyoites owenii, came from the Meekoceras bed of the Union Wash Formation, Inyo County, California. Another species, I. sedini, from the Olenekian of Russia, was described by Yuri D. Zakharov and N. M. Abnavi in 2012.

The shell of Inyoites is generally evolute, narrow, flat sided, with later whorls moderately enveloping those previous. The venter is moderately to sharply keeled, the suture is ceratitic, with smooth saddles and serrate lobes.
Inyoites is described in W.J. Arkell, et al, 1957 as "Platycones with high hollow keel and distinct umbilical shoulder; radial ribs that diminish toward compressed venter"

Alpheus Hyatt
Alpheus Hyatt (April 5, 1838 – January 15, 1902) was an American zoologist and palaeontologist. Hyatt served as the founding president of the American Society of Naturalists from 1883 to 1884 and was the founding editor of the journal The American Naturalist. A student of Louis Agassiz, he was keenly involved in developing biology research and education and helped establish the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole.
Odisha Police
The Odisha Police, abbreviated either as OP or OPS, is the law enforcement agency for the state of Odisha in India. It is headquartered in Cuttack, the former capital of Odisha.
The Odisha Police is headed by a Director General of Police, currently Y.B. Khurania, IPS and falls under the purview of the state's Home Department of the Government of Odisha. The sanctioned personnel strength of Odisha Police is 72,145; comprising women as one-third of its total sanctioned strength in the directly recruited posts of civil constable, sub-inspector and deputy superintendent of police. This ratio of women's representation in the force makes it one of the foremost in that aspect among the police services of India.

Indian Police Service
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is a civil service under the All India Services. It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire.

Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states governments.

The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including the Central Armed Police Forces (BSF, SSB, CRPF, CISF, and ITBP), the National Security Guard (NSG), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
Arturo Casadevall
Arturo Casadevall is a Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and the Alfred and Jill Sommer Professor and Chair of the W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. He is an internationally recognized expert in infectious disease research, with a focus on fungal and bacterial pathogenesis and basic immunology of antibody structure-function. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2022.

Alfred Sommer
Alfred (Al) Sommer (born October 2, 1942) is an American ophthalmologist and epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. His research on vitamin A in the 1970s and 1980s revealed that dosing even mildly vitamin A deficient children with an inexpensive, large dose vitamin A capsule twice a year reduces child mortality by as much as 34 percent. The World Bank and the Copenhagen Consensus list vitamin A supplementation as one of the most cost-effective health interventions in the world.
Jon Z
Jonathan Resto Quiñones (born May 20, 1991), known professionally as Jon Z, is a Puerto Rican rapper and record producer.

He was nominated for "Song of the Year" Urbano / Trap in Premios Lo Nuestro 2020 and in two categories in the Premios Tu Música Urbana.

Jon Z has collaborated with high-profile artists such as Enrique Iglesias, Yellow Claw, Farruko, Almighty, Arcángel, Ñengo Flow, Baby Rasta, Wisin, Don Chezina, among others, who have been in high positions on the Billboard list and have received RIAA certifications.

Yellow Claw (DJs)
Yellow Claw is a Dutch DJ and record production duo from Amsterdam consisting of Jim Taihuttu, based in Bali, and Nils Rondhuis, based in Amsterdam. The duo's music is a mix of a wide range of genres and often incorporates elements from trap, hip hop, dubstep, hardstyle and moombahton.
Earlestown railway station
Earlestown railway station is a railway station in Earlestown, Merseyside, England, in the Merseytravel region. The station is branded Merseyrail. It was an original station on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opening in 1830. It became a junction station when the Warrington and Newton Railway opened in 1831. It is one of the few "triangular" stations in Britain.

Warrington and Newton Railway
The Warrington and Newton Railway was a short early railway linking Warrington to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway at Newton, and to pits at Haydock, nearby. It opened in 1831.

The Grand Junction Railway aspired to make its long-distance route from Birmingham to Liverpool and Manchester, and acquire the W&NR so as to use it from Warrington northwards. The permanent way needed to be strengthened for main line use. The GJR opened its line in 1837, connecting at Warrington to the W&NR and gaining access to Liverpool and Manchester over the L&MR. The W&NR was the first part of the present-day West Coast Main Line to be opened.
Tatterdemalion
Arnold Paffenroth is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Gerry Conway and artist Tom Sutton, the character first appeared in Werewolf by Night #9 (September 1973). Once a talented tap dancer for the movies, Paffenroth lost his career and fortune, suffering a mental breakdown that ultimately drove him into a life of crime. He is known under the codename Tatterdemalion, and has been a member of the Night Shift and Thunderbolts at various points in his history.

Gerry Conway
Gerard Francis Conway (born September 10, 1952) is an American comic book writer, comic book editor, science fiction writer, screenwriter, television writer, and television producer. He is known for co-creating the Marvel Comics vigilante antihero the Punisher as well as Peter Parker's clone Ben Reilly, the super villain Jackal, and the first Ms. Marvel, and also writing the death of the character Gwen Stacy during his long run on The Amazing Spider-Man in the story arc "The Night Gwen Stacy Died".

At DC Comics, he is known for co-creating the superheroes Firestorm, Power Girl, Jason Todd, and the villain Killer Croc, and for writing the Justice League of America for eight years. Conway wrote the first major, modern-day intercompany crossover, Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man.
Shyam Rajak
Shyam Rajak is an Indian Leader from Janata Dal (United), previously serving as the Cabinet Minister for Industries in the Government of Bihar under Nitish Kumar. He has previously served as Minister for Food and Consumer Protection from 2010-2015 in the JD(U) Government. In the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, Rajak won the Phulwarisharif (SC) seat as the JDU candidate, defeating incumbent MLA Gopal Ravidas by 32,657 votes and securing 126,470 votes (49.18%). He has also served as Minister of State for Energy, Public Relations Department and Law in Bihar government in the RJD rule under Rabri Devi. He is whip for main opposition party in Bihar legislative Assembly .

Gopal Ravidas
Gopal Ravidas is an Indian politician from Bihar and a Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Ravidas won the Phulwari Assembly constituency on the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation ticket in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.
Hiroshi Miyamura
Hiroshi Miyamura (Japanese: 宮村 浩, October 6, 1925 – November 29, 2022) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the Medal of Honor, the United States military's highest award for valor, for his actions during the Korean War.
He was one of the last three surviving Medal of Honor recipients of the Korean War, along with Ralph Puckett Jr. and Royce Williams. While he was held as a prisoner of war, the award was classified as top secret.

Royce Williams
Elmer Royce Williams (born 4 April 1925) is a retired United States Navy (USN) naval aviator. He is known for his solo dogfight with seven Soviet pilots during the Korean War in 1952, which military experts have called "one of the greatest feats in aviation history". Originally awarded the Silver Star in 1953 for his conduct during the dogfight, in 2023 he was given an upgrade to the Navy Cross, the Navy's second highest decoration. In 2026, Williams was awarded the Medal of Honor. Williams is the last living Medal of Honor recipient of the Korean War.
Uganda at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Uganda sent a delegation to compete at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016. This was the eighth appearance of the country in the Summer Paralympic Games after it debuted forty-four years prior at the 1972 Heidelberg Paralympics. Athletics track runner David Emong was the sole athlete representing Uganda in Rio de Janeiro. He took part in the men's 400 metres T45–47 competition on 8 September and did not qualify for the finals because he was fifteenth overall. Emong participated in the men's 1500 metres T45–46 event later that day and he took Uganda's first medal in Paralympic competition by coming second in the final.

David Emong
David Emong (born 1990) is an Ugandan disabled athlete who competes in sprint and medium distance running. He won Uganda's first Paralympic medal at the 2016 Paralympic Games, gaining a silver medal in the Men's 1500 metres T46.
French Louisianians
French Louisianians (French: Louisianais; Spanish: Luisianenses Franceses), also known as Louisiana French or French Creoles (French: Créoles), refer to people of French-American ethnicity native to the areas of the United States formerly comprising the colony of French Louisiana. Distinct regional subgroups include the Alabama Creoles (including Alabama Cajans), Arkansas Creoles, Louisiana Creoles (including Louisiana Cajuns), and the Missouri French (Illinois Country Creoles).

Prairie du Rocher, Illinois
Prairie du Rocher ("The Rock Prairie" in French) is a village in Randolph County, Illinois, United States. Founded in the French colonial period in the Midwest, the community is located near bluffs that flank the east side of the Mississippi River along the floodplain often called the "American Bottom". The population was 502 at the 2020 census.