hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bowood circle
The Bowood circle was a loose, international group of intellectual figures and writers of the later 18th century drawn together around Lord Shelburne, Prime Minister of Great Britain in the 1780s, and named after his residence Bowood House. They had in common an interest in political reform. They met informally at Bowood House, or in London, and have been compared to a think tank.

Proposals from the circle were aired in the Repository, edited by Benjamin Vaughan, during 1788.

Benjamin Vaughan
Benjamin Vaughan MD FRSE LLD (19 April 1751 – 8 December 1835) was a British political radical. He was a commissioner in the negotiations between Britain and the United States at the drafting of the Treaty of Paris.
Ismail El Shafei
Ismail El Shafei (Arabic: إسماعيل الشافعي) (born 15 November 1947) is an Egyptian former professional tennis player and president of the Egyptian Tennis Federation. He is currently a member of the board of directors of the International Tennis Federation and is chairman of the ITF Junior Circuit. He won six career singles titles and reached eleven finals. In doubles, he won nine career titles.

Egyptian Tennis Federation
The Egyptian Tennis Federation (Arabic: الاتحاد المصري للتنس, ETF) is an organisation set up in 1920 that takes charge of the organisation, co-ordination and promotion of tennis in Egypt. It is recognised by the International Tennis Federation and Confederation of African Tennis on region (African) basis. Its headquarters are at Cairo. It was founded under the name Egypt Tennis Federation then Tennis United Arab Republic Federation until it changed to the Egyptian Tennis Federation in 1976. The roles of the FFT include organising tennis competitions in Egypt, supporting and co-ordinating tennis clubs, and managing the Egyptian tennis teams, organizing local tournaments including their Davis Cup and Fed Cup teams.
Grigoris Lambrakis
Grigoris Lambrakis (Greek: Γρηγόρης Λαμπράκης; 3 April 1912 – 27 May 1963) was a Greek politician, physician, athlete, and lecturer. He participated in track and field sports and was a member of the faculty of the School of Medicine at the University of Athens. A member of the Greek resistance to Axis rule during World War II, he later became a prominent anti-war activist. His assassination by right-wing zealots that were covertly supported by the police and military provoked mass protests and led to a political crisis.

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA; Greek: Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Ethnikó kai Kapodistriakó Panepistímio Athinón), simply referred to as the University of Athens (UoA), is a public university in Athens, Greece, with various campuses along the Athens agglomeration.

It has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837 and is the oldest higher education institution of the modern Greek state and the first contemporary university in both the Balkan Peninsula and the Eastern Mediterranean. Today it is one of the largest universities by enrollment in Europe, with over 69,000 registered students.
Charles Arthur Turner
Sir Charles Arthur Turner KCIE (6 March 1833 – 20 October 1907) was a British jurist mainly operational in Indian during the British colonial period, and was Chief Justice of Madras High Court. He was the first barrister judge appointed directly to the Allahabad High Court from England.

Allahabad High Court
Allahabad High Court, officially known as High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, is the high court based in the city of Prayagraj, formerly and colloquially known as Allahabad, that has jurisdiction over the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was established on 17 March 1866, making it one of the oldest high courts to be established in India.
Chetnik order of battle
The Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland (Serbian: Југословенска војска у отаџбини / Jugoslovenska vojska u otadžbini; ЈВуО / JVuO), commonly known as the Chetniks (Четници / Četnici), or The Ravna Gora movement (Равногорски покрет / Ravnogorski pokret), was the military formation under the direct command of Draža Mihailović, one of several formations under the umbrella Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army, officially established on 10 June 1942.

Ravna Gora (highland)
Ravna Gora (Serbian Cyrillic: Равна Гора) is a highland in central Serbia, at the mountain of Suvobor. It is renowned as the birthplace of the modern Chetnik movement under the leadership of Draža Mihailović in 1941.

Ravna Gora was the site of a celebration marking the 50th anniversary of Victory Day in 1995. Among others, the celebration was attended by Richard Felman, one of more than 400 US airmen rescued by the Chetniks during World War II. During the war, over 2,300 total airmen were rescued from German-occupied Yugoslavia.
Murat Ongun
Murat Ongun (born 21 April 1975) is a Turkish journalist and former spokesperson of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Currently, he was being detained following the arrest of Ekrem Imamoğlu. Ongun served as the Advisor to Mayor of Istanbul of the Metropolitan Municipality. He also the manager of Beylikdüzü Volleyball Specialized Women's Team and the volleyball branch manager.

Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (Turkish: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi, İBB) is the government agency in charge of the municipal affairs of the Istanbul Province. It is one of the 30 metropolitan municipalities in Turkey.
Bongaigaon University
Bongaigaon University or University of Bongaigaon is a public state university located in Bongaigaon in the Indian state of Assam. The institution was established through an act of the Government of Assam to expand access to higher education in western Assam by upgrading an existing college into a full-fledged university in 2023. It is recognised by the University Grants Commission of India and accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council.

Bongaigaon
Bongaigaon (/bɒŋˈɡaɪɡaʊ/ ⓘ or /bɔ.ŋai.ɡãʊ/) is a town and administrative headquarters of Bongaigaon district in the Indian state of Assam. Its urban area spans across Bongaigaon and Chirang district. It also acts as the district headquarters of Bongaigaon district and commercial and industrial hub of the west part of the state of Assam. The New Bongaigaon Junction railway station is the 3rd largest railway station in Northeast Frontier Railway zone which is one of the major railway zones in India.
Shamil Gadzhiyev
Shamil Gadzhiyevich Gadzhiyev (Russian: Шамиль Гаджиевич Гаджиев; born 26 July 2005) is a Russian football player who plays as an attacking midfielder for Belarusian Premier League club Naftan Novopolotsk on loan from Dynamo Makhachkala.

FC Naftan Novopolotsk
FC Naftan Novopolotsk (Belarusian: ФК Нафтан Наваполацк, FK Naftan Navapolatsk) is a Belarusian football club based in Novopolotsk. They play in the Belarusian First League, the second division in Belarusian football. Their home stadium is Atlant Stadium.
Three Williams (1803 ship)
Three Williams was launched in 1803 at Teignmouth. She traded as a coaster and to Newfoundland. In 1814 a United States privateer captured her, but the Royal Navy recaptured her. She foundered on 8 June 1817.

Teignmouth
Teignmouth (/ˈtɪnməθ/ TIN-məth) is a seaside town, fishing port and civil parish in the English county of Devon. It lies on the north bank of the estuary mouth of the River Teign, about 12 miles (19 km) south of Exeter. The town had a population of 14,932 at the 2021 census.

From the 1800s onwards, the town grew rapidly in size from a fishing port associated with the Newfoundland cod industry to a fashionable resort of some note in Georgian times; there was further expansion after the opening of the South Devon Railway in 1846. Today, its port still operates and the town remains a popular seaside and day-trip holiday location.
Paula Zahn
Paula Ann Zahn (/zɑːn/; born February 24, 1956) is an American journalist and newscaster who has been an anchor at ABC News, CBS News, Fox News, and CNN. She currently produces and hosts the true crime documentary series On the Case with Paula Zahn on the Investigation Discovery channel.

Investigation Discovery
Investigation Discovery (ID) is an American cable television network. Owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, ID primarily broadcasts true crime programming, including documentaries and anthology series.

The channel was established in 1996 as Discovery Civilization Network (later Discovery Civilization Channel), which focused on world history. In 2002, the channel was relaunched as Discovery Times as a joint venture with The New York Times Company, with a focus on programming related to the culture of the United States. The Times divested their stake to Discovery in 2006, and the channel took its current name and format two years later.

As of November 2023, ID is available to approximately 69 million pay television households in the United States-down from its 2015 peak of 86 million households.
Mallorca Classic
The Mallorca Classic was a men's professional golf tournament on the European Tour, held between 2003 and 2007 at Pula Golf in Mallorca. It marked the return of the tour to the island, having previously played host to the Open de Baleares between 1988 and 1995.

In 2003 it was a dual-ranking event which also featured on the Challenge Tour calendar, before becoming a full European Tour event in 2004. From 2005 to 2007 it was the last tournament on the regular schedule before the "tour championship", the Volvo Masters, and as such was the last chance for players to make the top 115 on the Order of Merit to retain their tour card for the following season. In its final year the prize fund was €2 million. Its place on the European Tour schedule was taken by the Castelló Masters Costa Azahar for 2008.

Open de Baleares
The Open de Baleares was a European Tour golf tournament which was played annually from 1988 to 1995. It had five names in eight years. It was staged at various courses on Majorca, the largest of the Balearic Islands of Spain. The most notable winner was five times major championship winner Seve Ballesteros, who won three of the first five events. The prize fund in sterling terms peaked at £300,000 in 1993 and by 1995 it was down to £250,000, which was one of the smallest on the European Tour that year.
The Empire (South Korean TV series)
The Empire (Korean: 디 엠파이어: 법의 제국) is a South Korean television series starring Kim Sun-a, Ahn Jae-wook, and Lee Mi-sook. It premiered on JTBC on September 24, 2022, and aired every Saturday and Sunday at 22:30 (KST). It is also available for streaming on Viu in selected regions.

JTBC
JTBC (shortened from Joongang Tongyang Broadcasting Company; Korean: 제이티비씨; stylized in all lowercase) is a South Korean nationwide pay television network. Its primary shareholder is JoongAng Holdings, with a 25% stake. It was launched on December 1, 2011. JTBC is a generalist channel, with programming consisting of television series, variety shows, and news broadcasting; its news division is held in similar regard to the three main terrestrial networks in South Korea.

In 2011, JTBC was one of four new South Korean nationwide generalist cable TV networks alongside The Dong-A Ilbo's Channel A, The Chosun Ilbo's TV Chosun and Maeil Business Newspaper's MBN. They serve as supplementary networks to the existing conventional free-to-air TV networks like KBS, MBC, SBS and other smaller channels launched following deregulation in 1990.
Typhoon Fitow (2007)
Typhoon Fitow was the ninth named tropical storm of the 2007 Pacific typhoon season that made landfall in Japan during early September.
At its peak, it was thought to have been a minimal Category 2 typhoon by the JTWC, but was, in post-storm analysis, downgraded to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The name Fitow was contributed by the Federated States of Micronesia, and is Yapese for a beautiful fragrant flower. The typhoon killed at least 2 people in Tokyo and was the first typhoon to hit the city since Typhoon Mawar in 2005. Damage from Fitow totaled to around 1 billion (2007 USD).

Joint Typhoon Warning Center
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The JTWC is responsible for the issuing of tropical cyclone warnings in the North-West Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean for all branches of the U.S. Department of Defense and other U.S. government agencies. Their warnings are intended primarily for the protection of U.S. military ships and aircraft, as well as military installations jointly operated with other countries around the world. Its U.S. Navy components are aligned with the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command.
Joy Padgett
Joy Padgett (born Joy Ann Conrad, February 4, 1947 in Coshocton, Ohio) is a former Republican member of the Ohio Senate, representing the 20th district until the end of 2008.  In 2006, dogged by personal scandals, she ran unsuccessfully for Lieutenant Governor of Ohio and for Congress in Ohio's 18th congressional district. Her run for Congress was the result of the decision of Bob Ney to bow out of the race and plead guilty to corruption charges.

Ohio Senate
The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly, the lower house being the Ohio House of Representatives. The State Senate, which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, first convened in 1803. Senators are elected for four year terms, staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years. The president of the Ohio Senate presides over the body when in session, and is currently Rob McColley.

Currently, the Senate consists of 24 Republicans and 9 Democrats, with the Republicans controlling two more seats than the 22 required for a supermajority vote. Senators are limited to two consecutive terms. Each senator represents approximately 349,000 Ohioans, and each Senate district encompasses three corresponding Ohio House of Representatives districts.
StarStruck season 6
The sixth season of StarStruck, is a 2015 Philippine television reality talent competition show, was broadcast on GMA Network. Hosted by Dingdong Dantes and Megan Young, it premiered on September 7, 2015. The segment hosts are StarStruck graduates Mark Herras, Miguel Tanfelix, Kris Bernal, and Rocco Nacino, and they serve as journey hosts, who are tasked to join the hopefuls as they go through every phase of the competition. The council was composed of Joey de Leon, Regine Velasquez-Alcasid, Jennylyn Mercado and Dantes is also part of the council. The season ended with 76 episodes on December 19, 2015, having Migo Adecer and Klea Pineda as the Ultimate Survivors.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Miguel Tanfelix
Miguel Torrejos Tanfelix (born September 21, 1998) is a Filipino actor. Tanfelix played young Pagaspas in the fantasy series Mulawin (2004); he gained prominence after playing the role of Niño Inocente, a mentally challenged boy in the series Niño (2014). He also appeared in the afternoon drama Wish I May (2016) and as Steve Armstrong in Voltes V: Legacy (2023).
History of rail transport in Russia
Russia was and is the largest country in the world. Its geography of north–south rivers and east–west commerce, plus, importantly, the mostly flat terrain, made it very suited to develop railroads as the basic mode of transportation.

Today Russian Railways, a state-owned railway company, is one of the biggest railway companies in the world with 950,000 employees  and a monopoly within Russia. The total length of line used by the Russian Railways is, at 85,500 kilometres (53,130 mi), one of the largest in the world, exceeded only by the United States.

Russian Railways
Russian Railways (Russian: ОАО «Российские железные дороги», romanized: OAO «Rossijskije železnyje dorogi») or RZD (ОАО «РЖД») is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated railway company, both managing infrastructure and operating freight and passenger train services and has a near-monopoly on long-distance train travel in Russia.

The company was established on 18 September 2003, when a decree was passed to separate the upkeep and operation of the railways from the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, which in turn was the successor of the USSR Ministry of Railways. RZhD is based in Moscow at Novaya Basmannaya str., 2. The operating units of the central part of the staff are at Kalanchevskaya str., 35.

Railways in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine are controlled by Crimea Railway and Novorossiya Railway, both companies being independent from RZD. As of 2026, the company is reported to be in heavy debs of $45 Billion (4 trillion rubles).
Love Me (1918 film)
Love Me is a surviving 1918 American drama silent film directed by Roy William Neill and written by C. Gardner Sullivan. The film stars Dorothy Dalton, Jack Holt, William Conklin, Dorcas Matthews, Melbourne MacDowell and Elinor Hancock. The film was released on March 18, 1918, by Paramount Pictures.

William Conklin
William Conklin (December 25, 1872 – March 21, 1935) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 80 silent films between 1913 and 1929. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, and died in Hollywood, California.
Joe Wilson and His Mates
Joe Wilson and His Mates (1901) is a collection of short stories by Australian poet and author Henry Lawson. It was released in hardback by William Blackwood in 1901 when Lawson was living in England, and features one of the author's better known stories in "The Loaded Dog".

The collection contains twenty stories which are mostly reprinted from a variety of newspaper and magazine sources, with several published here for the first time.

The Loaded Dog
"The Loaded Dog" is a comedy short story by the Australian writer Henry Lawson. The plot concerns three gold miners and their dog, and the farcical consequences of leaving a bomb cartridge unattended. The story was first published in the collection Joe Wilson and His Mates in 1901.
Joanna Hoffman
Joanna Karine Hoffman (born July 27, 1955) is a Polish-American marketing executive. She was one of the original members of both the Apple Macintosh team and the NeXT team.

At the time she began at Apple Computer, the Mac was "still a research project". Her position "constituted the entire Macintosh marketing team for the first year and a half of the project", which included Product Marketing collaboration on the Mac product design itself. She also wrote the "first draft of the Macintosh User Interface Guidelines". Hoffman would eventually run the International Marketing Team which brought the Mac to Europe and Asia.

Andy Hertzfeld
Andrew Jay Hertzfeld (born April 6, 1953) is an American software engineer who was a member of Apple Computer's original Macintosh development team during the 1980s. After buying an Apple II in January 1978, he went to work for Apple Computer from August 1979 until March 1984, where he was a designer for the Macintosh system software.

Since leaving Apple, Hertzfeld has co-founded three companies: Radius in 1986, General Magic in 1990, and Eazel in 1999. In 2002, he helped Mitch Kapor promote open-source software with the Open Source Applications Foundation.

Hertzfeld worked at Google from 2005 to 2013, where, in 2011, he was the key designer of the Circles user interface in Google+.
Larry Liston
Lawrence G. Liston (born 1952) is an American politician who serves in the Colorado Senate from the 10th district as a member of the Republican Party. He served in the Colorado House of Representatives from the 16th district from 2005 to 2013, and 2017 to 2021.

Liston was educated at Wasson High School and Colorado State University. His activities in the Republican Party started as a precinct leader and then as a district leader before becoming the vice-chair of the Colorado Republican Party. He was elected to the state house in 2004, and served until he lost in the Republican primary for a seat in the state senate to Owen Hill. He returned to the state house after defeating Representative Janak Joshi in the Republican primary and served until his election to the state senate in the 2020 election.

Liston has been criticized for his actions towards women, and has struggled with the chair of the El Paso County Republican Party, including getting into a fight with her husband.

El Paso County, Colorado
El Paso County is the most populous county in the U.S state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 730,395, surpassing the city and county of Denver. The county seat is Colorado Springs, the second most populous city in Colorado. El Paso County is included in the Colorado Springs, Colorado, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
John Massarelli
John David Massarelli (born January 23, 1966) is an American former professional baseball catcher. He played one season in the Taiwan Major League, ten seasons in Minor League Baseball, and later was a minor-league manager.

Taiwan Major League
The Taiwan Major League Professional Baseball (TML; Chinese: 臺灣大聯盟; pinyin: Táiwān Dà Liánméng) was a professional baseball league in Taiwan that operated from 1996 to 2003. It was established by TV tycoon Chiu Fu-sheng after a row over the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) broadcasting rights. The CPBL absorbed the TML in 2003.
John Cunningham (moderator)
John Cunningham (1819–1893) was a Scottish minister who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1886.

He was instrumental in broadening appointments within the Church of Scotland to other Presbyterian bodies. He was also the main mover in introducing organs into Scottish churches, which had previously sung a cappella.

Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
The moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the minister or elder chosen to moderate (chair) the annual General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which is held for a week in Edinburgh every year. After chairing the Assembly, the Moderator then spends the following year representing the Church of Scotland at civic events, and visiting congregations and projects in Scotland and beyond.

As the Church of Scotland is Scotland's national church, and as a presbyterian church has no bishops, the Moderator is – arguably alongside the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland – the most prominent figure in the life of Church of Scotland adherents.
Belfast Operative Bakers' Union
The Belfast Operative Bakers' Union was a trade union representing bakery workers in Northern Ireland.

The union described itself as having been founded in 1817 as the Belfast Bakers' Society.  By 1892, it was known as the Belfast Operative Bakers' Friendly and Allied Trades' Society, with 400 members.

The union became part of the Irish National Federal Union of Bakers in 1900, but it left again in 1905, with a slightly increased membership, which peaked at 693 in 1909.

The union merged into the Transport and General Workers' Union in 1930.

Irish Bakers' National Amalgamated Union
The Irish Bakers' National Amalgamated Union was a trade union in Ireland.

The union was founded in 1889 as the Irish National Federal Union of Bakers by twenty-one local unions, and its membership soon reached 1,000.  Heavy recruitment at the start of the twentieth century increased this to 3,000, this meaning that it was the largest member of the Irish Congress of Trade Unions in 1901.  However, a lock-out in Dublin harmed the union, and by 1910 membership was barely a tenth of its peak.  In 1918, the union was renamed as the Irish Bakers, Confectioners and Allied Workers Amalgamated Union, and membership recovered to 2,000, then 5,000 by the 1950s.  In 1977, the union merged with the British-based Bakers, Food and Allied Workers Union.