hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Knut Sprauten
Knut Sprauten (born 22 June 1948) is a Norwegian historian.

He hails from Namdal, and took the cand.philol. degree in 1974. He was hired as the head of a department in the National Archival Services of Norway in 1991. In 1992 he released Byen ved festningen: fra 1536 til 1814, volume two of the work Oslo bys historie, covering the history of Oslo. The other volumes were penned by Arnved Nedkvitne and Per G. Norseng (the period 1000 to 1536), Jan Eivind Myhre (the period 1814 to 1900), Knut Kjeldstadli (the period 1900 to 1948) and Edgeir Benum (the period 1948 to the 1990s). Sprauten also contributed to the encyclopedia Norsk biografisk leksikon. In late 2000 Sprauten was hired as the director of the Norwegian Institute of Local History.

He resides at Jar.

Edgeir Benum
Edgeir Reidar Benum (13 October 1939 – 18 May 2024) was a Norwegian historian.

He was born in Verdal Municipality, and was a younger brother of athlete Pål Benum. He graduated from the University of Oslo with a cand.philol. degree in 1967, and worked as a scholarship holder there from 1968 to 1972. He then became a professor in history at the University of Tromsø from 1972 to 1980 and then at the University of Oslo from 1980 to 2009. He has twice been a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
1992 St. George earthquake
The 1992 St. George earthquake was a Mw5.8 earthquake that occurred on September 2, 1992 at approximately 4:26 AM MDT along the Washington Fault zone near the larger Hurricane Fault about 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of St. George in Utah, United States. The quake triggered a landslide that destroyed three houses and caused approximately US$1 million in structural and cosmetic damage to houses, roads, natural formations, and utilities. No people were killed by the quake.

Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary based on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
David Fisiiahi
David Fisiiahi is a New Zealand rugby league footballer who represented Tonga at the 2000 World Cup and currently plays for the Ellerslie Eagles. He is the identical twin of fellow Tongan International Paul.

2000 Rugby League World Cup
The 2000 Rugby League World Cup was the twelfth World Cup for men’s national rugby league teams, held between 28 October and 25 November and hosted between the United Kingdom, Ireland and France. Australia won their ninth title by beating New Zealand 40-12 in the final at Old Trafford.

Following the success of the previous tournament, the World Cup was expanded to 16 teams and for the first time featured qualification rounds before the finals.

Alongside the men's tournament, it was also the same year when the inaugural Women's Rugby League World Cup was first played.
Nutley Public Schools
Nutley Public Schools are a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in kindergarten through twelfth grade from Nutley, in Essex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprised of seven schools, had an enrollment of 4,072 students and 324.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.3:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "FG", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

New Jersey Department of Education
The New Jersey Department of Education (NJ DOE) administers state and federal aid programs affecting more than 1.4 million public and non-public elementary and secondary school children in the state of New Jersey. The department is headquartered in the Judge Robert L. Carter Building in Trenton.
1974 Ohio Attorney General election
The 1974 Ohio Attorney General election was held on November 5, 1974, to elect the Ohio Attorney General. Democratic incumbent William J. Brown defeated Republican challenger, Prosecuting Attorney of Franklin County George Curtis Smith, by a wide margin of nearly 20 percentage points.

Ohio Attorney General
The Ohio attorney general is the chief legal officer of the state of Ohio in the United States.  The office is filled by general election, held every four years.  The current Ohio attorney general is Republican Dave Yost.
Murder of Fernando Báez Sosa
Fernando José Báez Sosa (2 March 2001 – 18 January 2020), an 18-year old Argentine law student, was beaten to death at the Le Brique nightclub in Villa Gesell, Buenos Aires Province, on 18 January 2020 by a group of eight from Zárate, Buenos Aires. The case attracted significant nationwide media attention due to the violent nature of the crime and the extensive footage spread on social media. The murder has also been dubbed by Argentine media as the crime of Villa Gesell.

On 6 February 2023, the Tribunal Criminal N.° 1 de Dolores declared all eight men guilty of aggravated homicide, declaring five of them (Máximo Thomsen, Ciro Pertossi, Luciano Pertossi, Matías Benicelli, and Enzo Comelli) "co-perpetrators" and sentencing them to life imprisonment. The remaining three (Lucas Pertossi, Blas Cinalli and Ayrton Viollaz) were declared "secondary participants" and sentenced to 15 years in prison.

Homicide
Homicide is an act in which a person causes the death of another person. A homicide requires only a volitional act, or an omission, that causes the death of another, and thus a homicide may result from accidental, reckless, or negligent acts even if there is no intent to cause harm.

Homicides can be divided into many overlapping legal categories, such as murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, assassination, killing in war (either following the laws of war or as a war crime), euthanasia, and capital punishment, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.
2013 US Open Series
In tennis, the 2013 US Open Series (known as Emirates Airline US Open Series for sponsorships reasons) was the tenth edition of the US Open Series, which included ten hard court tournaments that started on July 20, 2013 in Atlanta and concluded in Winston-Salem for the men and in New Haven for the women on August 24, 2013. This edition consisted of four separate men's tournaments and four women's tournaments, with the Western & Southern Open hosting both a men's and women's event. The series was headlined by two ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and two WTA Premier 5 events. Rafael Nadal and Serena Williams were the US Open Series winners, making them eligible for a $1 million bonus if either also won the US Open, a feat which they both accomplished, hence receiving the largest paychecks to date for a single tennis tournament, totalling $3.6 million each.

ATP Masters 1000 tournaments
The ATP Masters 1000 tournaments, also known as Masters 1000 or ATP 1000 events, are an annual series of nine tennis tournaments featuring the top-ranked players on the ATP Tour since its inception in 1990. The ATP 1000 tournaments, sitting below the Grand Slam tournaments and the year-end championships, make up the most coveted trophies on the annual ATP Tour calendar. In addition to the quadrennial Summer Olympics, they are collectively known as the 'Big Titles'.
Novak Djokovic holds the record for the most ATP 1000 singles titles with 40. By completing the career set of all nine current ATP 1000 series singles titles in 2018, Djokovic became the first and only player to achieve the career Golden Masters. In 2020, Djokovic completed a second career Golden Masters.
In doubles, the Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) won a record 39 doubles titles as a team. Daniel Nestor and the Bryan brothers are the only doubles players to achieve the career Golden Masters.
Night markets in Hong Kong
Night markets (Chinese: 夜市; Jyutping: je6 si5) in Hong Kong are bazaars usually located in older areas like Sham Shui Po, Mong Kok or Sheung Wan. Besides selling toys, clothes and food, some Hong Kong night markets also provide divination to visitors, such as the Temple Street Night Market, which is popular with foreign visitors.

Mong Kok
Mong Kok (Chinese: 旺角), also spelled Mongkok, often abbreviated as MK, is an area in Kowloon, Hong Kong. The Prince Edward subarea occupies the northern part of Mong Kok.

As one of the major shopping areas in Hong Kong, Mong Kok is characterised by a mixture of old and new multi-story buildings, with shops and restaurants at street level, and commercial or residential units above. Major industries in Mong Kok are retail, restaurants (including fast food) and entertainment. It has been described and portrayed in films as an area in which triads run bars, nightclubs, and massage parlours. With its extremely high population density of 130,000/km2 (340,000/sq mi), Mong Kok was described as the busiest district in the world by the Guinness World Records.
Lucky Francis
Lucky Francis (born 1982), also known as Lucky the Pirate (Danish: Piraten Lucky), is a Nigerian national who became known in Denmark after an armed confrontation with the Danish frigate HDMS Esbern Snare in the Gulf of Guinea in 2021. During the incident, he was seriously injured, had one leg amputated, and was subsequently transported to Denmark, where he was prosecuted. The case received considerable political and public attention, particularly due to the decision not to deport him after the verdict.

Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea (French: Golfe de Guinée; Spanish: Golfo de Guinea; Portuguese: Golfo da Guiné) is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean from Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. Null Island, defined as the intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude), is in the gulf.

Among the many rivers that drain into the Gulf of Guinea are the Niger and the Volta. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny.
Woodbridge, Suffolk
Woodbridge is a port town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) up the River Deben from the sea. It lies 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Ipswich and around 74 miles (119 km) north-east of London. In 2011 it had a population of 7,749.

The town is close to some major archaeological sites of the Anglo-Saxon period, including the Sutton Hoo burial ship. It is well known for its boating harbour and tide mill next to the River Deben, in the Suffolk & Essex Coast & Heaths National Landscape. Several festivals are held. As a "gem in Suffolk's crown" (according to The Suffolk Coast tourist site) it has been named the best place to live in the East of England.

Framlingham
Framlingham is a market town and civil parish  in Suffolk, England. 
Of Anglo-Saxon origin, it appears in the 1086 Domesday Book and was part of Loes Hundred. The parish had a population of 3,342 at the 2011 census and an estimated 4,016 in 2019. Nearby villages include Earl Soham, Kettleburgh, Parham, Saxtead and Sweffling.
Lawn Mower Man
Lawn Mower Man is the second solo studio album by Canadian rapper Madchild. It was released on August 6, 2013, via Battle Axe Records and Suburban Noize Records. Production was handled by C-Lance, Rob the Viking, Chin Injeti and The iKonz, with Kevin Zinger and Madchild serving as executive producers. It features guest appearances from Sophia Danai, Bishop Lamont, JD Era, Prevail and Slaine. The album peaked at number two on the Canadian Albums Chart and at number 150 on the US Billboard 200.

Bishop Lamont
Philip Brandon Martin (born October 31, 1978), better known as Bishop Lamont, is an American rapper from Carson, California. He was signed to Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment record label and released one project under the label, eventually leaving in 2010.
The Very One
The Very One (1975–1992) was a millionaire American Thoroughbred racehorse mare. Owned by Helen Polinger and bred by Myrna Firestone and Peter Odell in Kentucky, she is a daughter of One For All, who in turn was sired by Hall of Famer and prominent sire Northern Dancer.  He was out of the mare Veruschka sired by Venture.

Trained by Stephen A. DiMauro, The Very One is best known for her grade two score in the 1979 Dixie Handicap at Pimlico Race Course. After winning twelve graded stakes races in 1978 and 1979, she won the grade one Santa Barbara Handicap at Santa Anita Park in 1981 at age six.

Dinner Party Stakes
The Dinner Party Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in mid-May at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. It is the eighth-oldest graded stakes race in the United States and the oldest stakes race in Maryland and all of the Mid-Atlantic states. The race is open to horses age three and up and is run one and one-eighth miles on the turf. Currently a Grade III stakes race with a purse of $500,000, at one time the Dixie was a very important race that drew the top horses from across North America.
The Man's Machine
The Man's Machine is an extended play (EP) released by English singer-songwriter Jamie T on 23 November 2009. It was Jamie T's third EP release of 2009, following his critically acclaimed Sticks 'n' Stones EP in June and Chaka Demus EP in August. The titular song is also the fourth track on his Kings & Queens album, whose release preceded this EP in September—thus rendering it his fourth release of the year overall.

Jamie T
Jamie Alexander Treays, better known by his stage name Jamie T, is an English singer, songwriter, rapper, guitarist and record producer from Wimbledon, South London.

Jamie T released his debut album, Panic Prevention, in 2007, and his second studio album, Kings and Queens, in 2009. In 2014, he released his third studio album, Carry on the Grudge, followed by a fourth studio album, Trick, in 2016. In 2018, he released B Sides (06-17), which was a compilation album of B-Sides from 2006 to 2017. He released his fifth studio album, The Theory of Whatever, in July 2022.
Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field
There are various mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field that are used in the study of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental interactions of nature. In this article, several approaches are discussed, although the equations are in terms of electric and magnetic fields, potentials, and charges with currents, generally speaking.

Lorenz gauge condition
In electromagnetism, the Lorenz gauge condition or Lorenz gauge (after Ludvig Lorenz) is a partial gauge fixing of the electromagnetic vector potential by requiring  The name is frequently confused with Hendrik Lorentz, who has given his name to many concepts in this field. The condition is Lorentz invariant.  The Lorenz gauge condition does not completely determine the gauge: one can still make a gauge transformation  where  is the four-gradient and  is any harmonic scalar function: that is, a scalar function obeying  the equation of a massless scalar field.

The Lorenz gauge condition is used to eliminate the redundant spin-0 component in Maxwell's equations when these are used to describe a massless spin-1 quantum field. It is also used for massive spin-1 fields where the concept of gauge transformations does not apply at all.
Joanna Blair
Joanna Blair (born 1 March 1986) is a British javelin thrower who won the javelin event at the 2016 British Athletics Championships and England Athletics Championships, came second in the events at the 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games, 2006 AAA Championships and 2017 British Athletics Championships, and came third at the 2014 British Athletics Championships.

2006 AAA Championships
The 2006 AAA Championships was an outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA), held from 15 to 16 July at the Manchester Regional Arena in Manchester, England. It was considered the de facto national championships for the United Kingdom.

It was the final major edition of the long-running competition, as it was replaced by the UK Athletics-organised British Athletics Championships the following year. This signalled a move away from the English AAA-led management of the sport, in favour of a centralised, national and elite-focused championships.
Fort Drummond (Queenston Heights)
Fort Drummond was the site of a redoubt and battery from the War of 1812 and located within Queenston Heights.

The U-shaped structure was an earthworks rather than a wood, brick or rock construction.

Built in 1814 by the British Army and named for Sir Gordon Drummond, it was occupied by the Americans for two weeks in July 1814 during the Battle of Chippawa. It was later re-taken by the British.

A wading pond, added in the 1920s and replaced in 1967, is located within the site. The walls of the redoubt can still be seen.

Other fortifications are located nearby, since the area was close to the border with the United States:

Fort Mississauga (1814–1816)

Fort George, Ontario (1802)

Battle of Chippawa
The Battle of Chippawa (sometimes spelled Chippewa) was a War of 1812 battle fought on July 5, 1814, in which the United States Army defeated British forces during the American invasion of Upper Canada along the Niagara River. This battle and the subsequent Battle of Lundy's Lane demonstrated that trained American troops could hold their own against British regulars. The battlefield is preserved as a National Historic Site of Canada.
Luke Puskedra
Luke Puskedra (born February 8, 1990) is an American long-distance runner who competes over distances ranging from 10,000 meters to the marathon.

He grew up in Ogden, Utah and attended Judge Memorial Catholic High School before studying business administration at the University of Oregon. He competed for the Oregon Ducks track and field and cross country teams, earned 12 NCAA Division I All-American awards and was a 10,000 meter finalist at the NCAA level four years running from 2009 to 2012.

In 2015 Puskedra won the Vancouver Sun Run.

Judge Memorial Catholic High School
Judge Memorial Catholic High School is a private Catholic high school located in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It is one of three high schools in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salt Lake City serving students in grades nine through 12. Founded in 1921, the school draws students from across the Salt Lake Valley and beyond. Judge Memorial shares its city location with Our Lady of Lourdes parish and school.
The Little Mermaid (1976 Russian film)
The Little Mermaid (Russian: Русалочка, romanized: Rusalochka) is a 1976 Soviet fantasy film directed by Vladimir Bychkov based on the 1837 fairy tale of "The Little Mermaid" by Hans Christian Andersen.

Hans Christian Andersen
Hans Christian Andersen (/ˈændərsən/ AN-dər-sən; Danish: [ˈhænˀs ˈkʰʁestjæn ˈɑnɐsn̩, - ˈkʰʁæs-] ⓘ; 2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875) was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his literary fairy tales.

Andersen's fairy tales, consisting of 156 stories across nine volumes, have been translated into more than 125 languages. They have become embedded in Western collective consciousness, accessible to children as well as presenting lessons of virtue and resilience in the face of adversity for mature readers. His most famous fairy tales include "The Emperor's New Clothes", "The Little Mermaid", "The Nightingale", "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", "The Red Shoes", "The Princess and the Pea", "The Snow Queen", "The Ugly Duckling", "The Little Match Girl", and "Thumbelina." Andersen's stories have inspired ballets, plays, and animated and live-action films.
Sayacmarca
Sayacmarca is an archaeological site in Peru located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Machupicchu District. It is situated southwest of the archaeological site Runkuraqay and the Runkuraqay pass and southeast of the sites Phuyupatamarka and Qunchamarka.

Hiram Bingham III visited the site in April 1915, referring to it as Cedrobamba, or cedar plain.

Puyupatamarca
Puyupatamarca or Phuyupatamarca is an archaeological site along the Inca Trail in the Urubamba Valley of Peru. Due to its altitude of roughly 3600 meters, it is known as "La Ciudad entre la Niebla" ("The City Above the Clouds"). It contains Inca ruins, with five small stone baths which during the wet season contain constant fresh running water.
Meir Ariel
Meir Ariel (Hebrew: מאיר אריאל‎; 2 March 1942 – 18 July 1999) was an Israeli singer-songwriter and guitarist.

He was known as a "man of words" for his poetic use of the Hebrew language in his lyrics. His influences included Hebrew poets such as ibn Gabirol, Natan Alterman, S. Y. Agnon and Hayim Nahman Bialik, and American singer-songwriters such as Bob Dylan. Ariel's fame and recognition grew posthumously.

Rita (Israeli singer)
Rita Jahan-Farouz (Hebrew: ריטה ג'האן-פרוז), known mononymously as Rita, is an Israeli singer and actress.

In 2011, she became famous in Iran after the release of various pop records in which she sings in her native Persian language. In 2012, Israeli producer Amer Payami managed her album All My Joys, also sung in Persian; it was popular in Israel and Iran, going gold in Israel after three weeks. She has since been commonly referred to as a cultural ambassador between Israelis and Iranians, and has personally stated that she hopes to "puncture the wall of tension" between the two countries.
Evelyn Adams (lottery winner)
Evelyn Marie Adams is an American lottery winner. She won the New Jersey Lottery twice, in 1985 and 1986, for over $5.4 million combined (both prizes were paid in the form of mandatory annuities). However, she was a compulsive gambler, and lost large sums at Atlantic City casinos and through a string of unsuccessful business deals.

New Jersey Lottery
The New Jersey Lottery is run by the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its In-house draw games are Pick-3, Pick-4, Jersey Cash 5, Pick-6, Quick Draw, and Cash Pop. Its multi-jurisdictional draw games are Cash4Life, Mega Millions, and Powerball. The Lottery also sells Fast Play and scratch-off tickets. The New Jersey Lottery is headquartered at One Lawrence Park Complex in Lawrence Township, Mercer County.
David Moyer
David Lloyd Moyer is a former American bishop. He was a priest of the Episcopal Church before becoming a bishop of the Anglican Church in America, a Continuing Anglicanism body. After being deposed from the Episcopal Church and denied entry into the Roman Catholic Church as a cleric in 2012, he was received as a layman in 2014. His former congregation, then known as the Blessed John Henry Newman Catholic Community of Strafford, Pennsylvania, prepared to enter the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter, the North American ordinariate for former Anglicans. The community later merged with a second local Anglican ordinariate group to form St. John the Baptist Catholic Church in Bridgeport, Pennsylvania.

Anglican Church in America
The Anglican Church in America (ACA) was a Continuing Anglican church body and the United States branch of the Traditional Anglican Church (TAC). The ACA, which is separate from the Episcopal Church (TEC), is not a member of the Anglican Communion. It comprised five dioceses and around 5,200 members. In 2025, the church's House of Bishops unanimously voted to reunite with the Anglican Catholic Church and disaffiliate with Traditional Anglican Church. On October 15 of the same year, the Anglican Catholic Church received the Anglican Church in America and the ACA ceased to exist.