hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lecanora subcarnea
Lecanora subcarnea is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae, first described in 1792 as Lichen subcarneus by Swedish botanist Samuel Liljeblad and later transferred to the genus Lecanora by Erik Acharius in 1810. The lichen forms a continuous white to pale yellowish-grey thallus with small areoles, distinctive pinkish to pale grey-brown apothecia (fruiting bodies) covered in white powdery crystals, and produces chemical compounds including atranorin and protocetraric acid that yield characteristic reactions in spot tests. It grows primarily in sheltered cracks of silica-rich rocks with high base content, occurring locally in parts of the United Kingdom including northern England, Wales, Scotland, and the Channel Islands, though some historical records from southwest England, Pembrokeshire, and Ireland have been determined to be misidentifications.

Atranorin
Atranorin is a chemical substance produced by some species of lichen. It is a secondary metabolite belonging to a group of compounds known as depsides. Atranorin has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. In rare cases, people can have an allergic reaction to atranorin.
Håleniusite-(La)
Håleniusite-(La), chemical formula (La,Ce)OF. is a yellow isometric mineral.  It has a dull, earthy lustre. The geological setting of håleniusite-(La) is in vugs and leaching zones of massive ferriallanite-(Ce), intimately intergrown with cerite-(Ce) and bastnäsite-(La).

It was discovered in 1986 at Bastnäs mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden and named in honour of Ulf Hålenius, director of the mineralogy department at the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm, Sweden.

Bastnäsite
The mineral bastnäsite (or bastnaesite) is one of a family of three fluorocarbonate minerals, which includes bastnäsite-(Ce) with a formula of (Ce, La)CO3F, bastnäsite-(La) with a formula of (La, Ce)CO3F, and bastnäsite-(Y) with a formula of (Y, Ce)CO3F. Some of the bastnäsites contain OH− instead of F− and receive the name of hydroxylbastnasite. Most bastnäsite is bastnäsite-(Ce), and cerium is by far the most common of the rare earths in this class of minerals. Bastnäsite and the phosphate mineral monazite are the two largest sources of cerium and other rare-earth elements.

Bastnäsite was first described by the Swedish chemist Wilhelm Hisinger in 1838. It is named for the Bastnäs mine near Riddarhyttan, Västmanland, Sweden.
Bastnäsite also occurs as very high-quality specimens at the Zagi Mountains, Pakistan.
Bastnäsite occurs in alkali granite and syenite and in associated pegmatites. It also occurs in carbonatites and in associated fenites and other metasomatites.
Black & White Taxicab & Transfer Co. v. Brown & Yellow Taxicab & Transfer Co.
Black and White Taxicab and Transfer Company v. Brown and Yellow Taxicab and Transfer Company, 276 U.S. 518 (1928), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court refused to hold that federal courts sitting in diversity jurisdiction must apply state common law.  Ten years later, in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, the Court reversed course, and overturned Swift v. Tyson.

It is most famous for the dissent of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court held that the United States does not have a general federal common law and that U.S. federal courts must apply state law, not federal law, to lawsuits between parties from different states that do not involve federal questions. In reaching this holding, the Court overturned almost a century of federal civil procedure case law, and established the foundation of the modern law of diversity jurisdiction.

Although the decision is not widely known among non-experts, most American lawyers and legal scholars regard Erie as one of the most important decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history. The decision "goes to the heart" of the American system of federalism and the relationship between the U.S. federal government and the states.
Bad Blood (2010 film)
Bad Blood (US King of Triads) is a 2010 Hong Kong martial arts-crime film written, produced and directed by Dennis Law.  The film features an ensemble cast that includes Simon Yam, Bernice Liu and Andy On.  Bad Blood centers on a Triad gang as the members plot and scheme against each other to become the gang's new leader, after the death of their boss.  The film was released in Hong Kong on 21 January 2010.

Simon Yam
Simon Yam Tat-wah (Chinese: 任達華; born 19 March 1955) is a Hong Kong actor and film producer. He is best known for his collaborations with filmmaker Johnnie To in PTU (2003), Election (2005), Triangle (2007), and Sparrow (2008). His other notable films include SPL: Sha Po Lang (2005), Night & Fog (2009), and Echoes of the Rainbow (2010).
Mickey Mahler
Michael James Mahler (born July 30, 1952) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher. He played during eight seasons at the major league level for the Atlanta Braves, Pittsburgh Pirates, California Angels, Montreal Expos, Detroit Tigers, Texas Rangers, and Toronto Blue Jays. A graduate of Trinity University in San Antonio, he was drafted by the Braves in the 10th round of the 1974 amateur draft. Mahler played his first professional season with their Double-A Savannah Braves in 1974, and his last with the St. Louis Cardinals' Triple-A Louisville Redbirds in 1987. He is the brother of the late pitcher Rick Mahler. The brothers were teammates playing for the Triple-A Richmond Braves before each was called up to Atlanta.

Mahler threw hard and had a big slow 12-6 curveball. Though hardly a distinguished major leaguer, he was involved in a number of historic moments during his short career.

Brett Butler (baseball)
Brett Morgan Butler (born June 15, 1957) is an American former center fielder in Major League Baseball and coach. He played for five different teams from 1981 through 1997. A leadoff hitter for the majority of his career, Butler led the league in triples and runs scored twice each and was named a National League All-Star in 1991. He was diagnosed with cancer in May 1996, received treatment and returned to the playing field four months later. He retired in 1997 and began a baseball coaching career. He has coached or managed numerous professional teams. He was the manager of the Reno Aces minor league team from late 2008 through 2013.
Shawlands
Shawlands (Scottish Gaelic: Fearann na Doire) is a Southside suburb of Glasgow, Scotland, located two miles south of the River Clyde. The area, considered the "Heart of the Southside", is known for its independent restaurants  and cafés, art scene, public parks, period terraces, and red and blond sandstone tenements. Shawlands was named one of the best places to live in Scotland in 2022 and 2023 by The Sunday Times, and one of the world's coolest neighbourhoods by Time Out Magazine with judges describing it as "the city's best area to live and socialise”. It is located between Pollok Country Park – the home of the Burrell Collection and Pollok House – and the acclaimed Victorian park Queen's Park.

Burrell Collection
The Burrell Collection is a museum in Glasgow, Scotland, managed by Glasgow Museums. It houses the art collection of Sir William Burrell and Constance, Lady Burrell. The museum opened in 1983 and reopened on 29 March 2022 following a major refurbishment. It was announced as the winner of the Art Fund Museum of the Year in July 2023. It is the only non-national museum to be the outright winner twice.
Cole Forbes
Cole Forbes (born 10 August 1999) is a New Zealand rugby union player and plays for Bay of Plenty and the Blues in New Zealand. He played for Glasgow Warriors in the United Rugby Championship. Forbes' primary position is wing or fullback.

Glasgow Warriors
The Glasgow Warriors are a professional rugby union side from Scotland. The team plays in the United Rugby Championship league and in the European Professional Club Rugby tournaments. In the 2014–15 season they won the Pro12 title and became the first Scottish team to win a major trophy in rugby union's professional era. In 2023–24 they became the first Scottish side to win the United Rugby Championship in its current form. The side is known for its fast, dynamic and attacking style of play, using offloads and quick rucks. Defensively the club prides itself on its 'Fortress Scotstoun' where the club play at home.
Adrian Anantawan
Adrian Anantawan is a Canadian violinist. Anantawan, who began studying violin at age nine, has performed with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra and at the White House. He is an alumnus of the Etobicoke School of the Arts in Canada, the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, Yale University and the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Growing up in the neighbourhood of Clarkson, in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, he attended St. Christopher's Elementary School, and is a member of the St. Christopher's Church Parish. He is currently a member of the Anne-Sophie Mutter Foundation and is the Chair of Music at Milton Academy and artistic director of Shelter Music Boston.

Curtis Institute of Music
The Curtis Institute of Music is a private conservatory in Philadelphia. It offers a performance diploma, a Bachelor of Music, Master of Music in opera, and a Professional Studies Certificate in opera. All students attend on a full scholarship. The Institute also offers needs based financial aid to help cover living expenses.
KXII
KXII (channel 12) is a television station licensed to Sherman, Texas, United States, serving the Sherman, Texas–Ada, Oklahoma market as an affiliate of CBS, MyNetworkTV, and Fox. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power Telemundo affiliate KAQI-LD (channel 28). The two stations share studios on Texoma Parkway (SH 91) in northeastern Sherman, with an additional studio on South Commerce Street (US 77) and Elks Boulevard in southwestern Ardmore, Oklahoma. KXII's transmitter is located along US 377 in rural northeastern Marshall County, Oklahoma (southwest of Madill).

KXII's signal is relayed on low-power translator station KXIP-LD (channel 12) in Paris, Texas (in the Dallas–Fort Worth television market), and also on the second and third subchannels of KAQI-LD.

Marshall County, Oklahoma
Marshall County is a county located on the south-central border of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,312. Its county seat is Madill. The county was created at statehood in 1907 from the former Pickens County of the Chickasaw Nation. It was named to honor the maiden name of the mother of George Henshaw, a member of the 1906 Oklahoma Constitutional Convention. The county and its cities are part of the Texoma region.
Wang Xiang
Wang Xiang (184 – 30 April 268), courtesy name Xiuzheng, was a Chinese politician who lived through the late Eastern Han dynasty (25–220), the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), and the early Western Jin dynasty (266–316) of China. He served in the highest positions in the government, including Minister of Works (司空) and Grand Commandant (太尉) in the Cao Wei state during the Three Kingdoms period, and Grand Protector (太保) during the Western Jin dynasty. He was also one of The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars.

Ministry of Works (imperial China)
The Ministry of Works or of Public Works was one of the Six Ministries under the Department of State Affairs in imperial China.

The Ministry of Works is also commonly translated into English as the Board of Works or of Public Works.
No Problem (2010 film)
No Problem is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language action-comedy film directed by Anees Bazmee and produced by Rajat Rawail and Anil Kapoor. The film stars Kapoor himself, Sanjay Dutt, Suniel Shetty, Akshaye Khanna, Paresh Rawal, Sushmita Sen, Kangana Ranaut, Neetu Chandra, and Shakti Kapoor in the lead roles, while Ranjeet, Mukesh Tiwari, Jeetu Verma, Vishwajeet Pradhan, Suresh Menon, and Vijay Raaz are featured in supporting yet crucial roles. Shooting began in July 2010. It was shot in South Africa and Mumbai. No Problem was released worldwide on 10 December 2010, to a negative reception and underperformed at the box office.

A mobile video game based on the film was released by ASTPL.

Shakti Kapoor
Shakti Kapoor (born Sunil Kapoor; 3 September 1952) is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in Bollywood films. Known for his villainous and comic roles in Hindi films, he has featured in over 700 films. In the 1980s and 1990s, Kapoor teamed up with actor Asrani and Kader Khan as the comical or evil team in over 100 films. He was a contestant in the Indian reality show Bigg Boss in 2011. He contested in Bigg Boss to prove to his children he can stay away from alcohol.
Don't Go Breaking My Heart 2
Don't Go Breaking My Heart 2 is a 2014 romantic comedy film directed by Johnnie To. A sequel to the 2011 film Don't Go Breaking My Heart, it stars returning cast members Louis Koo, Gao Yuanyuan and Daniel Wu alongside new cast members Vic Chou and Miriam Yeung. It was screened at the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. It was released in China on 11 November and in Hong Kong on 13 November 2014.

Don't Go Breaking My Heart (2011 film)
Don't Go Breaking My Heart is a 2011 romantic comedy film directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai,  making this the twelfth film they have collaborated on together. A Hong Kong-Chinese co-production, the film stars Louis Koo, Daniel Wu and Gao Yuanyuan. The film opened the 35th Hong Kong International Film Festival on 20 March 2011. It was then released theatrically in Hong Kong on 31 March 2011.
2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup final
The 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup final was the 12th final of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the international championship tournament for CONCACAF, the governing body of soccer in North and Central America. The match took place on July 28, 2013, at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The final was between the United States and Panama.

The match was a rematch of the 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup Final. This was first time since 2005 that the Gold Cup Final did not include Mexico.

With the win, the United States advanced to the one-game playoff played on October 10, 2015, against the champion of the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup, which turned out to be Mexico. The winner of the play-off would qualify to represent CONCACAF in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia.

2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 12th CONCACAF Gold Cup competition and the 22nd CONCACAF regional championship overall in CONCACAF's fifty years of existence. The United States was the host nation.

The competition began on July 7, 2013, at the Rose Bowl, and ended with the final on July 28, 2013, at Soldier Field, with the United States defeating Panama 1–0. In this edition of the Gold Cup, Mexico participated with an alternative squad due to the main players competing at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup prior to the Gold Cup. Despite not playing with their full squad, they reached the semi-finals where they lost to eventual runners-up Panama with a score of 1–2.

United States won the tournament, which qualified them for a play-off match against the champions of the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup, to decide which team would represent CONCACAF in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia. The playoff was played in a single match held on October 10, 2015, which Mexico won 3–2.
Selenge Erdene-Ochir
Selenge Erdene-Ochir (born 30 December 1987, Erdenet, Mongolia) is a Mongolian fashion model and beauty pageant titleholder who was the winner of Miss World Mongolia 2006 and represented her country at Miss World 2006. She was the first Mongolian to compete and work for FashionTV. She won the "First Runner Up" and "Ambassador of Mongolia" award at the "Miss Fashion TV" models contest.

Erdene-Ochir moved to the United Kingdom in October 2020 from Antalya, Turkey.

Erdenet
Erdenet (/ˈɜːrdɪnɛt/; Mongolian: Эрдэнэт [ért(ɘ)nɘtʰ], 'precious, valuable') is the third-largest city in Mongolia and the provincial capital of Orkhon. Located in northern Mongolia, it lies in a valley between the Selenge and Orkhon rivers about 240 km (149 mi) (as the crow flies) northwest of the national capital Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan. The road length between Ulaanbaatar and Erdenet is about 370 km (230 mi). As of the 2018 census, the city had a population of 98,057.
Admiral David Glasgow Farragut Gravesite
The Admiral David Glasgow Farragut Gravesite is the final resting place of David Glasgow Farragut (1801–1870), the first rear admiral, vice admiral, and four-star admiral of the United States Navy.  He was best known for his order to "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead."  The granite and marble monument resembling a mast marks not only his burial site, but that of his wife, son and daughter-in-law. It was listed as a National Historic Landmark on the National Register of Historic Places on October 16, 2012.  It is located in Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx, itself a National Historic Landmark.  It is the only surviving place of high quality with a direct association to Farragut's life.

Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
Woodlawn Cemetery is one of the largest cemeteries in New York City and a designated National Historic Landmark. Located south of Woodlawn Heights, Bronx, it has the character of a rural cemetery. Woodlawn Cemetery opened during the Civil War in 1863, in what was then Yonkers, in an area that was annexed to New York City in 1874. It is notable in part as the final resting place of some well-known figures.
I'm a Loner
"I'm a Loner" (외톨이야; Oetoriya) is a song by South Korean pop-rock idol band CNBLUE. It is the debut and lead single to the band's first mini-album Bluetory. Written by Han Seong-ho and Amen, the funk-rock track was released under FNC Music on January 14, 2010. Upon its release, CNBLUE achieved immediate commercial success; the song earned the band its first two music show wins on Korean Broadcasting System's (KBS) Music Bank and Seoul Broadcasting System's (SBS) Inkigayo. Unprecedented at the time, CNBLUE held the record for shortest period between debuting and earning a music show win for four and a half years. The song also peaked at number two on the Gaon Digital Chart.

The composers Kim Do-hoon and Lee Sang-ho faced a lawsuit filed by indie rock band Ynot? two months after the release of "I'm a Loner". The band accused the two of plagiarizing one of its songs; a judge would later dismiss the charges.

Music Bank
Music Bank (Korean: 뮤직뱅크) is a South Korean music program which airs every Friday at 17:15 KST on KBS2. As of 2015, the show is also broadcast in more than a hundred countries through KBS World. Episodes are filmed at the KBS New Wing Open Hall in Yeouido-dong, Yeongdeungpo District. The show also organizes the global live concert Music Bank World Tour.
Campbell Palmer
Campbell Roger "Buddy" Palmer (29 April 1936 – 9 February 2007) was a Canadian boxer. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics. At the 1964 Summer Olympics, he defeated Gabriel Achy Assi of the Ivory Coast, before losing to Stoyan Pilichev of Bulgaria. Prior to competing at the Olympics, he competed in Haney, British Columbia and 100 Mile House, British Columbia.

Stoyan Pilichev
Stoyan Angelov Pilichev (Стоян Ангелов Пиличев, born November 20, 1938, Chiroko, Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian boxer who competed in the lightweight category at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics, as a member of the Bulgarian national boxing team. In the 1964 Summer Olympics he lost to Józef Grudzień from Poland in the quarter-final. In the 1968 Summer Olympics he lost to Calistrat Cuțov from Romania in the quarter-final. Pilichev represented Bulgaria in the lightweight category of the 1969 European Amateur Boxing Championships. After reaching the final, he faced Calistrat Cuțov from Romania, in a rematch of 1968 Mexico City quarter-final, and he lost on points, resulting in winning the silver medal of the division.
USS Adhara
USS Adhara (AK-71) was a Crater-class cargo ship in the service of the US Navy in the Pacific theater in World War II. Named after the star Adhara in the constellation Canis Major, it was the only ship of the Navy to bear this name.

Crater-class cargo ship
The Crater-class cargo ship were converted EC2-S-C1 type, Liberty cargo ships, constructed by the United States Maritime Commission (USMC) for use by the US Navy during World War II. The designation 'EC2-S-C1': 'EC' for Emergency Cargo, '2' for a ship between 400 and 450 ft (120 and 140 m) long (Load Waterline Length), 'S' for steam engines, and 'C1' for design C1.

The class was named for the lead ship of its type, USS Crater (AK-70), with most ships in the class being named for astronomical bodies. Its 65 hulls were among the largest US Navy cargo ship classes.

The ships were propelled by a reciprocating steam engine using a single screw with a power of 2,500 hp (1,864 kW) shaft.
Charles Guiteau (song)
"Charles Guiteau" (Roud 444, Laws E11) is a traditional folk song about the assassination of US President James A. Garfield by Charles J. Guiteau.  It is based on another old ballad, "James A. Rogers". The song is told from the point of view of the assassin himself.

For a while, it was believed that Guiteau wrote the song himself, possibly because of the poem "I am Going to the Lordy", which Guiteau actually did write on the day of his execution.

It is not to be confused with another ballad about the assassination, "Mr. Garfield," which was popularized by Johnny Cash. Bascom Lamar Lunsford recorded both songs in 1949 for the Library of Congress.

Bascom Lamar Lunsford
Bascom Lamar Lunsford (March 21, 1882 – September 4, 1973) was a folklorist, performer of traditional Appalachian music, and lawyer from western North Carolina. He was often known by the nickname "Minstrel of the Appalachians".
Chesney Hawkes
Chesney Lee Hawkes (born 22 September 1971) is an English singer and occasional actor. He started his career at the age of 19 when he appeared in the film Buddy's Song, which featured his best-known single "The One and Only", which topped the UK Singles Chart for five weeks and reached the top 10 in the United States. It also was featured in the 1991 film Doc Hollywood and the 2009 movie Moon. Follow-up single "I'm a Man Not a Boy" peaked at 27 in the UK, with subsequent singles including "What's Wrong with This Picture?", "Stay Away Baby Jane" (a collaboration with Adam Schlesinger of Fountains of Wayne) and "Another Fine Mess" also charting in the top 100.

Aside from music, Hawkes appeared on Channel 4's The Games in 2005, winning a Bronze Medal. Hawkes appeared on the shows Hit Me Baby One More Time, Let's Dance for Comic Relief, and Sing If You Can. Hawkes also appeared in the musical Can't Smile Without You in the role of Tony Lowiman.

The Games (British TV series)
The Games is a British reality sports game show that ran on Channel 4 for four series, in which 10 celebrities competed against each other, by doing Olympic-style events, such as weight lifting, gymnastics and diving. At the end of the series, the contestants with the most points from each round were awarded either a gold, silver or bronze medal.

The series was revived by ITV in May 2022, hosted by Holly Willoughby and Freddie Flintoff.