hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
OUB Chambers
OUB Chambers, initially known as Meyer Chambers, was a building on the corner of Malacca Street and Raffles Place. Built in 1930, the building served as the head offices of the Overseas Union Bank, Overseas Union Insurance and the Overseas Assurance Corporation.

Raffles Place
Raffles Place is the centre of the Financial District of Singapore and is located south of the mouth of the Singapore River. It was first planned and developed in the 1820s as Commercial Square to serve as the hub of the commercial zone of Singapore in Raffles Town Plan. It was renamed Raffles Place in 1858 and is now the site of a number of major banks. It is located in the Downtown Core within the Central Area, and features some of the tallest buildings and landmarks of the country.
Randy Escolango
Randy Escolango (born September 26, 1976) is a Filipino public official who currently serves as an Undersecretary of Department of Health. Escolango previously served as Undersecretary at Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development, Undersecretary at Department of Labor and Employment, Deputy Insurance Commissioner at Insurance Commission, and OIC Administrator and chief executive officer at Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority.

Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development
The Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD; Filipino: Kagawaran ng Pananahanang Pantao at Pagpapaunlad ng Kalunsuran) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the management of housing and related development in the Philippines. The department is led by the secretary of human settlements and urban development, as appointed by the president of the Philippines and confirmed by the Commission on Appointments. The secretary would be assisted by three Undersecretaries and three Assistant Secretaries, that would be appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the secretary.
Equestrian statue of Elizabeth II, Windsor Great Park
An equestrian statue of Elizabeth II stands in Windsor Great Park near Windsor, Berkshire. The statue, designed by the sculptor Philip Jackson, was commissioned by the Crown Estate in honour of the queen's Golden Jubilee. The monument was dedicated in 2003.

Equestrian statue
An equestrian statue is a statue of a rider mounted on a horse, from the Latin eques, meaning 'knight', deriving from equus, meaning 'horse'. A statue of a riderless horse is strictly an equine statue. A full-sized equestrian statue is a difficult and expensive object for any culture to produce, and figures have typically been portraits of rulers or, in the Renaissance and more recently, military commanders.

Although there are outliers, the form is essentially a tradition in Western art, used for imperial propaganda by the Roman emperors, with a significant revival in Italian Renaissance sculpture, which continued across Europe in the Baroque, as mastering the large-scale casting of bronze became more widespread, and later periods.

Statues at well under life-size have been popular in various materials, including porcelain, since the Renaissance. The riders in these may not be portraits, but figures from classical mythology or generic figures such as Native Americans.
Ferntree Gully railway station
Ferntree Gully station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Belgrave line, part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the eastern Melbourne suburb of Ferntree Gully in Victoria, Australia. Ferntree Gully is a ground level premium station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 5 December 1889, with the current station provided in 1976.

Initially opened as Lower Ferntree Gully, the station was given the name Ferntree Gully on 1 October 1962, before it was renamed Fern Tree Gully on 29 February 1972 and finally reverted back to its current name of Ferntree Gully in May 1977.

Belgrave railway station
Belgrave station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne and the terminus of the Belgrave line, part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the eastern Melbourne suburb of Belgrave in Victoria, Australia. Belgrave is a ground level premium station, featuring an island platform with two faces. It opened on 18 December 1900, with the current terminus station provided in 1962.
COMMAND.COM
COMMAND.COM is the default command-line interpreter for MS-DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows Me. In the case of DOS, it is the default user interface as well. It has an additional role as the usual first program run after boot (init process). As a shell, COMMAND.COM has two distinct modes of operation: interactive mode and batch mode. Internal commands are commands stored directly inside the COMMAND.COM binary; thus, they are always available, but can only be executed directly from the command interpreter.

Batch processing
In computing, batch processing is the running of a software job in an  automated and unattended way. A  user schedules a job to run and then waits for a processing system to run it. Typically, a job is scheduled to run at a configured time of day or when an event occurs or when computer resources are available.
Kulāf
A kulāf, or kolāh, is a type of cap that designated Sasanian nobility and official. It appears on numerous reliefs and seals of the Sasanian Empire period.

The kulāf is often decorated with pearls, on the edge and on the surface of the cap. It may also be shown with an emblem or tamgha on the surface.

Sasanian seal of an official wearing the kulāf, with Pahlavi inscription "Roz-bud, chief wine-purchaser" (disputed), excavated in Northern Syria. 5th century CE, British Museum, 135071

Sasanian seal with portrait of an official wearing the kulāf, inscription in Pahlavi "Perozhormizd, son of the Kanarang". 5th century CE, British Museum, 134847.

Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg  (Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐‎, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Persian continued to function as a prestige language. It descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian, the official language of Iran (also known as Persia), Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajik).
Robert R. Wagner
Robert R. Wagner (1923–2001) was an American virologist who spent time on the faculty at Yale University, Johns Hopkins University, and finally the University of Virginia School of Medicine, from which he retired as professor emeritus in 1994. His research focused on the vesicular stomatitis virus. Wagner died of cancer in 2001.

Indiana vesiculovirus
Indiana vesiculovirus, formerly Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV or VSV) is a virus in the family Rhabdoviridae; the well-known Rabies lyssavirus belongs to the same family. VSIV is often transmitted by insect vector, and can infect cattle, horses and pigs. It has particular importance to farmers in certain regions of the world where it infects cattle. This is because its clinical presentation is identical to the very important foot and mouth disease virus.

The virus is zoonotic and leads to a flu-like illness in infected humans.

It is also a common laboratory virus used to study the properties of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, as well as to study viral evolution.
Mauli (film)
Mauli is a 2018 Indian Marathi-language action drama film directed by Aditya Sarpotdar and produced by Genelia D'Souza. The film stars Riteish Deshmukh in the title role along with Saiyami Kher. Though the film is not a sequel, it carries a premise and various plot elements similar to the 2014 film Lai Bhaari. The film was initially supposed to be released on 21 December 2018 but it was changed to 14 December to avoid clashing with the Shah Rukh Khan starrer Zero. The film was released on 14 December 2018. Upon release, Mauli received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for the cinematography, performance of Deshmukh, soundtrack, action sequences, and narration, but criticism for its writing and pace.

Lai Bhaari
Lai Bhaari (meaning: Overwhelming or Awesome) is a 2014 Indian Marathi-language action drama film directed by Nishikant Kamat. The film marks the debut of Riteish Deshmukh in Marathi cinema, while Salman Khan and Genelia D'Souza make cameo appearances. It was the first Marathi that was made on such a big scale, and became the highest grossing Marathi film during that time. It was declared a blockbuster at the box office.

On 25 January 2015 Lai Bhaari broke all previous records and got the highest television viewership for any film in Maharashtra (Marathi – Hindi) with 5727 TVTs.

It is remade in Odia as Jaga Hatare Pagha starring Anubhav Mohanty. It ran for more than 100 days in Maharashtra. At Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? Film Won MFK Award for Favourite Film, MFK Award for Favourite Actor, MFK Award for Favourite Villain, MFK Award for Favourite Supporting Actress, MFK Award for Favourite Singer Male.
S. Niranjan Reddy
Sirgapoor Niranjan Reddy (born 22 July 1970) is an Indian lawyer, practicing in Supreme Court of India and National Company Law Appellate Tribunal. He is a Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha representing the State of Andhra Pradesh since 2022. He is also known for maintaining diverse interests and is popularly recognized for having produced the Telugu films, Kshanam (2016), Ghazi (2017), Wild Dog (2021), and Acharya (2022).

Wild Dog (film)
Wild Dog is a 2021 Indian Telugu-language action thriller film written and directed by debutant Ahishor Solomon. Produced by Matinee Entertainment, the film stars Nagarjuna, Bilall Hossein, Dia Mirza, Saiyami Kher, and Atul Kulkarni. The film includes many terrorist incidents in India, including the Gokul Chat bomb blast in 2007 and the capture of Yasin Bhatkal. Wild Dog released theatrically on 2 April 2021 to positive reviews.
Hilary Beckles
Sir Hilary McDonald Beckles KA (born 11 August 1955) is a Bajan historian and is the current vice-chancellor of the University of the West Indies (UWI) and chairman of the CARICOM Reparations Commission.

Educated at the University of Hull in England, Beckles began his academic career at UWI and was granted a personal professorship at the age of 37, becoming the youngest in the university's history to be appointed to the position. In 1998, he was named pro-vice-chancellor and chairman of UWI's Board for Undergraduate Studies, and in 2002 was named principal of the university's Cave Hill campus. Although his focus has mainly been on Afro-Caribbean history, especially the economic and social impacts of colonialism and the Atlantic slave trade, Beckles has also had a longstanding involvement with West Indian cricket and has previously served on the board of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB).

University of Hull
The University of Hull is a public research university in Kingston upon Hull, a city in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 1927 as University College Hull. The main university campus is located in Hull and is home to the Hull York Medical School, a joint initiative with the University of York. Students are served by Hull University Union.

The first chancellor of the university was Lord Middleton (1954–1969), followed by Lord Cohen (1970–1977), Lord Wilberforce (1978–1994), Lord Armstrong (1994–2006) and Virginia Bottomley (Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone) (2006–2023). Alan Johnson was installed as the current chancellor in July 2023.
West Yangon Technological University
West Yangon Technological University (Burmese: ရန်ကုန်အနောက်ပိုင်း နည်းပညာတက္ကသိုလ် [jàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃ ʔənaʊʔpáɪɰ̃ nípjɪ̀ɰ̃ɲà tɛʔkəθò]) is a public technology university, located in Hlaingthaya, Yangon, Myanmar. WYTU (West Yangon Technological University) is the third-best engineering university in Myanmar after YTU (Yangon Technological University) and MTU (Mandalay Technological University). After the YTU building closed due to the 8888 Uprising, the second campus was established in Hlaing Thar Yar in 1996. As a result, some people even perceive WYTU (West Yangon Technological University) as a second campus of YTU (Yangon Technological University). This move was an important step in continuing education, providing better facilities and a more stable learning environment for students.

Mandalay Technological University
Mandalay Technological University (MTU) (Burmese: မန္တလေး နည်းပညာ တက္ကသိုလ်, pronounced [máɰ̃dəlé nípjɪ̀ɰ̃ɲà tɛʔkəθò], formerly, the Mandalay Institute of Technology - MIT), in Patheingyi, Mandalay, is a senior prestigious engineering university in Myanmar. The university offers undergraduate, and postgraduate programmes in engineering disciplines to students and is one of the most selective universities in the country, admitting approximately only 300-350 undergrad students annually based on their University Entrance Examination scores.

Since MTU offers master's, doctoral and other postgraduate diploma offering programmes, it takes around 200-300 postgrads every academic year.
18 Doughty Street
18 Doughty Street was a British internet-based political broadcaster that hosted a webcast as its chief product. It began broadcasting at 18:55 on 10 October 2006, from its studio at 18 Doughty Street in the Bloomsbury area of London, and ceased broadcasting at 23:00 on Thursday 8 November 2007. It claimed to be Britain's first internet-based TV station.

Webcast
A webcast is a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source to many simultaneous listeners/viewers. A webcast may either be distributed live or on demand. Essentially, webcasting is "broadcasting" over the Internet. While a "podcast" is usually pre-recorded, a webcast is usually live and possibly interactive.

The largest "webcasters" include existing radio and TV stations, who "simulcast" their output through online TV or online radio streaming, as well as a multitude of Internet-only "stations". Webcasting usually consists of providing non-interactive linear streams or events. Rights and licensing bodies offer specific "webcasting licenses" to those wishing to carry out Internet broadcasting using copyrighted material.
Faculty of Philosophy, University of Warsaw
The Faculty of Philosophy (Polish: Wydział Filozofii) of the University of Warsaw is a faculty conducting study and research in fields of philosophy, cognitive science and bioethics. The faculty succeeded the Institute of Philosophy of the Faculty of Philosophy and Sociology, which was split in two independent faculties on 1 September 2020. The institution is renowned mainly for its contribution to the development of modern logic and analytic philosophy (Lvov-Warsaw School: Alfred Tarski, Jan Łukasiewicz, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Stanisław Leśniewski) and to history of ideas (Warsaw School of the History of Ideas: Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Stanisław Ossowski, Maria Ossowska, Leszek Kołakowski, Adam Schaff).

Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz
Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (Polish: [ajduˈkʲɛvʲit͡ʂ]; 12 December 1890 – 12 April 1963) was a Polish philosopher and logician, a prominent figure in the Lwów–Warsaw school of logic.

He originated many novel ideas in semantics. Among these was categorial grammar, a highly flexible framework for the analysis of natural language syntax and (indirectly) semantics that remains a major influence on work in formal linguistics.

Ajdukiewicz's fields of research were model theory and the philosophy of science.
Abdarainurus
Abdarainurus (meaning "Abdrant Nuru tail" after the holotype locality) is a genus of titanosaur dinosaur from the Alagteeg Formation in Mongolia. The type and only species is A. barsboldi. Currently seen as an indeterminate titanosaur, it may represent a previously unknown lineage of Asian macronarians. Abdarainurus is not known from many remains; it is only known from eight front tail vertebrae and a middle tail vertebra and several chevrons.

Alagteeg Formation
The Alagteeg Formation is a geological formation in Mongolia whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. It predominantly consists of alternating reddish brown mudstone and horizontally laminated sandstone, with ripple cross laminations and rhizoliths. It was first formally defined as a unit by Hasegawa et al. in 2008 as a distinct unit from the overlying Djadochta Formation. The environment of deposition is suggested to be fluvial, originating in sandy braided river, floodplain and ephemeral lake depositional environments, as opposed to the desert depositional environment of the Djadochta Formation.
Joseph Veverka
Joseph Veverka (born 1941) is the James A. Weeks Professor of Physical Sciences, professor of Astronomy at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. His research area is in planetary sciences, with a focus on physical studies of satellite surfaces and planetary rings. Veverka was the principal investigator on the NASA Discovery Program mission CONTOUR, a co-investigator of the Deep Impact space mission to Comet Tempel 1, and is the principal investigator on the NASA Discovery Mission of Opportunity, Stardust-NeXT. He received the 2001 National Air and Space Museum Trophy and has the asteroid 2710 Veverka named after him.

Stardust (spacecraft)
Stardust was a 385-kilogram robotic space probe launched by NASA on 7 February 1999. Its primary mission was to collect dust samples from the coma of comet Wild 2, as well as samples of cosmic dust, and return them to Earth for analysis. It was the first sample return mission of its kind. En route to Comet Wild 2, it also flew by and studied the asteroid 5535 Annefrank. The primary mission was successfully completed on 15 January 2006 when the sample return capsule returned to Earth.

A mission extension, codenamed NExT, culminated in February 2011 with Stardust intercepting Comet Tempel 1, a small Solar System body previously visited by Deep Impact in 2005. Stardust ceased operations in March 2011.

On 14 August 2014, scientists announced the identification of possible interstellar dust particles from the Stardust capsule returned to Earth in 2006.
Fourth East Asia Summit
The Fourth East Asia Summit was held in Cha-am and Hua Hin, Thailand on October 23-25, 2009. The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a pan-Asia forum held annually by the leaders of 16 countries in the East Asian region. EAS meetings are held after annual ASEAN leaders' meetings. The Fourth East Asia Summit was rescheduled several times, had its venue changed and one attempt to hold it was cancelled due to the 2008–2009 Thai political crisis. It was finally held on October 25, 2009.

Hua Hin district
Hua Hin (Thai: หัวหิน, IPA: [hǔə hǐn]) is one of eight districts (amphoe) of Prachuap Khiri Khan province in the northern part of the Malay Peninsula in Thailand. Its seat of government, also named Hua Hin, is a beach resort town. The district's population was estimated at 65,983 in December 2019 by the Bureau of Registration Administration in an area of 911 km2 (352 sq mi). By road, it is 199 km (124 mi) south-southwest of Bangkok.

Hua Hin district is in the middle of what the Thai government is promoting as the “Thai Riviera”, the stretch of coastline between Phetchaburi in the north and Chumphon in the south.
Dirty Day
"Dirty Day" is a song by Irish alternative rock band U2. It is the ninth track on their 1993 studio album Zooropa. The music was written by the band as a whole, while the lyrics were written by Bono and the Edge. The song, along with "Numb", marks the Edge's first lyrical contributions to a U2 song since "Van Dieman's Land" on 1988's Rattle and Hum and indicated his growing presence as a second lyricist in the band; he would go on to contribute lyrics to every track on the band's next album, Pop.

Two alternate mixes of "Dirty Day" done by Butch Vig and Duke Erikson of the band Garbage, subtitled "Junk Day" and "Bitter Kiss" appeared on the "Please" single, with the former also appearing on the second disc of The Best of 1990-2000 & B-Sides. A re-recorded version of "Dirty Day" appeared on the band's album Songs of Surrender; it is one of two tracks from Zooropa, the other being "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)".

Please (U2 song)
"Please" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the eleventh track on their ninth album, Pop (1997), and was released as its fourth single on 22 September 1997 by Island Records. As with "Sunday Bloody Sunday", the song is about The Troubles in Northern Ireland. The single cover for this song features pictures of four Northern Irish politicians – Gerry Adams, David Trimble, Ian Paisley, and John Hume (clockwise from top left). Two months before the release of the single, live versions of "Please" and three other songs from the PopMart Tour were released on the Please: PopHeart Live EP in September 1997.
Marquess of Daroca
Marquess of Daroca (Spanish: Marqués de Daroca) is a hereditary  title of Spanish nobility. It was created on 1 December 2011 by King Juan Carlos I of Spain in favor of Antonio Mingote, a cartoonist, writer and journalist. The title recalls the name of his hometown, the town of Daroca.

Mingote
Ángel Antonio Mingote Barrachina, 1st Marquess of Daroca (17 January 1919 – 3 April 2012), also simply known as Mingote, was a Spanish cartoonist, writer and journalist. He drew a daily cartoon in ABC since 1953 until his death in 2012.
An American Werewolf in Paris
An American Werewolf in Paris (titled onscreen as American Werewolf in Paris) is a 1997 comedy horror film directed by Anthony Waller, screenplay by Tim Burns, Tom Stern, and Waller, and starring Tom Everett Scott and Julie Delpy. It was conceived as a sequel to John Landis's 1981 film An American Werewolf in London, which was distributed by Universal Pictures. As of production, all narrative references to the first film had been removed. The film is an international co-production between companies from the United States, France, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, and it was distributed by Buena Vista Pictures under its Hollywood Pictures label.

The film was met with negative reviews from critics and grossed over $26 million against a $25 million budget at the box office.

Tim Burns (writer)
Tim Burns is a Canadian director, writer and producer for Canadian and American television; more popularly known as the show runner/executive producer of the Teletoon-Disney Channel shared, supernatural comedy-drama series, My Babysitter's a Vampire and for writing its TV pilot film. He was also supervising writer of the third season of  Crank Yankers and was a composer on The Sunny Side Up Show.
Emergency Response Rooms
The Emergency Response Rooms (ERRs) (Arabic: غرف الطوارئ) in Sudan, a community-led initiative formed by the resistance committees behind the 2019 revolution, have played a crucial role in providing humanitarian aid during the Sudanese civil war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which began in April 2023. As of December 2024, ERRs had assisted over 11.5 million people, evacuating thousands and supplying essential resources like clean water and medical supplies.

Despite being targeted and facing violence, ERRs remain a symbol of decolonised aid, funded by communities and external donors. Their efforts have been praised by the European Union and, the initiative was nominated for the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize by the Peace Research Institute Oslo.

Peace Research Institute Oslo
The Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO; Norwegian: Institutt for fredsforskning) is a private research institution in peace and conflict studies, based in Oslo, Norway, with around 100 employees. It was founded in 1959 by a group of Norwegian researchers led by Johan Galtung, who was also the institute's first director (1959–1969). It publishes the Journal of Peace Research, also founded by Johan Galtung.