hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Qurm Nature Reserve
Qurm Nature Reserve is a national nature reserve in Muscat Governorate, Oman. Located on the Gulf of Oman coast, the reserve protects a mangrove forest and the surrounding wetland in a small estuary within the urban area of Qurm. Established in 1975, the reserve has been designated as an Important Bird Area since 1994, and as a protected Ramsar site since 2013.

Ramsar site
A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, also known as "The Convention on Wetlands",  an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. Ramsar treaty participants meet regularly to identify and agree to protect "Wetlands of International Importance", especially those providing waterfowl habitat.

As of January 2026, there are 2,520 Ramsar sites around the world, which protect 253,075,668 hectares (625,363,590 acres), and 172 national governments participate in the convention.
Sigurd Hoel (boxer)
Sigurd Emanuel Hoel (15 August 1897 – 21 July 1977) was a Norwegian boxer who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. In 1920 he was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the heavyweight class after losing his fight to Xavier Eluère.

Xavier Eluère
Albert Xavier Eluère (8 September 1897 – 5 February 1967) was a French heavyweight professional boxer. He competed in the 1920s and was born in Issé. Eluère won a bronze medal in the 1920 Summer Olympics, losing against Danish boxer Søren Petersen in the semi-finals.
Floyd Landis doping case
The Floyd Landis doping case was a doping scandal that featured Floyd Landis, the initial winner of the 2006 Tour de France. After a meltdown in Stage 16, where he had lost ten minutes, Landis came back in Stage 17, riding solo and passing his whole team. However, a urine sample taken from Landis immediately after his Stage 17 win twice tested positive for banned synthetic testosterone as well as a ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone nearly three times the limit allowed by World Anti-Doping Agency rules. The International Cycling Union stripped him of his 2006 Tour title. Second place finisher Óscar Pereiro was officially declared the winner. The only previous Tour de France winner to be disqualified at the time was the 1904 Tour's winner, Maurice Garin; however, in the following years Alberto Contador and Lance Armstrong would have tour wins revoked.

World Anti-Doping Agency
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA; French: Agence mondiale antidopage, AMA) is an international organization co-founded by the governments of over 140 nations along with the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against drugs in sports. The agency's key activities include scientific research, education, development of anti-doping capacities, and monitoring of the World Anti-Doping Code, whose provisions are enforced by the UNESCO International Convention Against Doping in Sport. The aims of the Council of Europe Anti-Doping Convention and the United States Anti-Doping Agency are also closely aligned with those of WADA.

WADA is responsible for the World Anti-Doping Code, adopted by more than 650 sports organisations, including international sports federations, national anti-doping organisations, the IOC, and the International Paralympic Committee.
Charles Rumney Samson
Air Commodore Charles Rumney Samson, CMG, DSO & Bar, AFC (8 July 1883 – 5 February 1931) was a British naval aviation pioneer. He was one of the first four officers selected for pilot training by the Royal Navy and was the first British pilot to fly an aircraft from a moving ship.  He also commanded the first British armoured vehicles used in combat. Transferring to the Royal Air Force on its creation in 1918, Samson held command of several groups in the immediate post-war period and the 1920s.

Air commodore
Air commodore (Air Cdre or Air Cmde) is an air officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force. The rank is also used by the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence and it is sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure.

Air commodore is immediately senior to group captain and immediately subordinate to air vice-marshal. It is usually equivalent to a commodore or a brigadier/brigadier general.

The equivalent rank in the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, Women's Royal Air Force (until 1968) and Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service (until 1980) was "air commandant".
1971 Philadelphia International Indoor Open Championships
The 1971 Philadelphia International Indoor Open Championships also called the Philadelphia International Indoor was a WCT and Virginia Slims Circuit tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was played at the Spectrum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from February 9 through February 14, 1971. John Newcombe and Rosie Casals won the singles titles.

Rosie Casals
Rosemary Casals (born September 16, 1948) is an American former professional tennis player. During a tennis career that spanned more than two decades, she won more than 90 titles and was crucial to many of the changes in women's tennis during the 1960s and 1970s. Casals was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1996.
Rhein Fire (ELF)
The Rhein Fire are an American football team in Düsseldorf, Germany, which plays in the European League of Football since it was added as an expansion team during the 2022 ELF season.

Rhein fire won the ELF championship game in 2023 and 2024.

2023 European League of Football season
The 2023 ELF season was the third season of the European League of Football, a professional American football league based in Europe. Seventeen teams from nine countries participated. The season started on June 3, 2024, and concluded with the ELF Championship Game at Schauinsland-Reisen-Arena Duisburg, Germany on September 24, 2023. Rhein Fire won the title, beating Stuttgart Surge 53-34.
Carlo Guasco
Carlo Guasco (16 March 1813 – 13 December 1876) was a celebrated Italian operatic tenor who sang in Italian and other European opera houses from 1837 to 1853. Although he sang in many world premieres, he is most remembered today for having created the leading tenor roles in Verdi's I Lombardi alla prima crociata, Ernani, and Attila.

Attila (opera)
Attila is an opera in a prologue and three acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera, based on the 1809 play Attila, König der Hunnen (Attila, King of the Huns) by Zacharias Werner. The opera received its first performance at La Fenice in Venice on 17 March 1846.

Ezio's act 2 aria of heroic resolution "È gettata la mia sorte" (My lot is cast, I am prepared for any warfare) is a fine example of a characteristic Verdian genre, and it achieved fame in its own time with audiences in the context of the adoption of a liberal constitution by Ferdinand II. Other contemporary comment praised the work as suitable for the "political education of the people", while, in contrast, others criticised the opera as "Teutonic" in nature.
Poi Solla Porom
Poi Solla Porom (transl. We Are Going to Lie) is a 2008 Tamil comedy film directed by Vijay. It is a remake of the 2006 Hindi film Khosla Ka Ghosla and stars Nassar,  Nedumudi Venu, Moulee, Karthik Kumar, and debutante Piaa Bajpai alongside an ensemble supporting cast including Omar Lateef, Justina, Lakshmi Ramakrishnan, Cochin Haneefa, Bosskey, and John Vijay. The music was composed by M. G. Sreekumar with editing done by Anthony and cinematography by Aravind Krishna. The film released on 12 September 2008. The story is loosely based on real-life famous landgrabber and land shark E. V. Perumalsamy Reddy of EVP Film city based out of Chennai, who is famous for forging documents to take possession of others land.

M. G. Sreekumar
Malabar Gopalan Nair Sreekumar (born 25 May 1957), better known as M. G. Sreekumar is an Indian playback singer, composer, music producer, television presenter and film producer, who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema. He has sung more than 2500 songs in various Indian languages including Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Hindi, and Sanskrit. He owns a music company named KMG Musics and the Saregama School of Music in Thiruvananthapuram.In October 2024 he was appointed as the Director of the Music Academy of the UAE Government. Sreekumar has won several awards, including two National Film Awards, three Kerala State Film Awards and 5 Filmfare Awards South. He was also honoured with the Harivarasanam Award by the Government of Kerala in 2016. His career as a singer spans over 44 years.
Breaksea Islands (Tasmania)
The Breaksea Islands Group is a group of six islands, in the Southern Ocean, off the southwestern coast of Tasmania, Australia.

Located near the mouth of Port Davey, the group comprise the North Breaksea and Main Breaksea Islands, the Fitzroy, Kathleen, and Munday islands, and the Mavourneen Rocks. The group have a total area of approximately 16 hectares (40 acres) and are contained within the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site and the Port Davey/Bathurst Harbour Marine Nature Reserve.

Port Davey
Port Davey is an oceanic inlet located in the south west region of Tasmania, Australia.

Port Davey was named by explorer James Kelly in honour of Thomas Davey, a former Governor of Tasmania. Port Davey is contained within the Port Davey/Bathurst Harbour Marine Nature Reserve, the Melaleuca to Birchs Inlet Important Bird Area and the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. The Toogee name of the port is Poynduc.

With the support of the then Premier of Tasmania, Robert Cosgrove (in office from 1939), Australian journalist Critchley Parker proposed a Jewish settlement at Port Davey in 1941.
Nicholas William Bailey
Nicholas William Bailey (born December 21, 1980) is an American composer and songwriter from New Bern, North Carolina. Bailey composes for a variety of cable television networks including TLC, A&E, Animal Planet, The National Geographic Channel, E! Entertainment, CMT, OWN TV, Bravo, CBS, MSNBC, ABC, SyFy, CNBC, Paramount, Discovery and VH1. Bailey is an active ASCAP composer and publisher. Bailey is also a member of the rock band "Nick and the Babes," and produces reality based television programming.

TLC (TV network)
TLC is an American premium multinational cable and satellite television network owned by the Networks division of Warner Bros. Discovery. First established in 1980 as The Learning Channel, it initially focused on educational and instructional programming. By the late 1990s, after an acquisition by Discovery, Inc. earlier in the decade, the network began to pivot towards reality television programming—predominantly focusing on programming involving lifestyles and personal stories—to the point that the previous name with "The Learning Channel" spelled out was phased out in favor of its initialism.

As of November 2023, with its programming primarily dedicated to the nine-series 90 Day Fiancé universe, comprising 31% of the shows carried by the channel, TLC is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States—down from its 2011 peak of 100,000,000 households.
Hynes Convention Center
The John B. Hynes Veterans Memorial Convention Center is a convention center located in Boston, Massachusetts. It was built in 1988 from a design by architects Kallmann, McKinnell & Wood. It replaced the John B. Hynes Memorial Auditorium, also a convention center, built in 1963 during the Massachusetts Turnpike expansion from Route 128 to the Central Artery, which was regarded as "ungainly". The 1988 design "attempted to relate in scale and materials to its Back Bay setting, adopting granite and setbacks. The severe gray interior is reminiscent of an early 20th-century German railroad station".  The Center is named after former Boston mayor John Hynes.

Convention center
A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition halls. Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also contain concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference rooms. Some large resort area hotels include a convention center.

In Francophone countries, the term is palais des congrès (such as the Palais des Congrès de Paris) or centre des congrès (such as the Centre des congrès de Quebec).
Seen (Winterthur)
Seen (German pronunciation: [ˈzeːən] ⓘ) is a district in the Swiss city of Winterthur. It is district number 3.

The district comprises the quarters Waser, Büelwiesen, Waldegg, Ganzenbühl, Sonnenberg, Ricketwil, Oberseen, Gotzenwil, Eidberg, Iberg and Sennhof.

Seen was formerly a municipality of its own, but was incorporated into Winterthur in 1922.

Oberwinterthur
Oberwinterthur (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈoːbərˌvɪntərtuːr], lit. 'Upper Winterthur') is a district in the Swiss city of Winterthur. It is district number 2.

The district comprises the quarters Talacker, Guggenbühl, Zinzikon, Reutlingen, Stadel, Grüze, Hegmatten and Hegi.

Oberwinterthur was formerly a municipality of its own, but was incorporated into Winterthur in 1922, and the location of the Roman Vicus Vitudurum.
Nadelhorn
The Nadelhorn (4,327 m, 14,196 ft) is a mountain in the Pennine Alps in Switzerland. It is the highest point on the Nadelgrat, a high-level ridge running roughly north–south above the resort of Saas-Fee to the east, and the Mattertal to the west. Its three ridges join to form a sharp-pointed summit, which looks like a needle (German: Nadel) when seen from the north. The other summits on the Nadelgrat are the Stecknadelhorn, the Hohberghorn, the Dürrenhorn and the Lenzspitze.

It was first climbed by Franz Andenmatten, Baptiste Epiney, Aloys Supersaxo and J. Zimmermann on 16 September 1858.

Dürrenhorn
The Dürrenhorn (4,035 m) (also Dirruhorn) is a summit in the Pennine Alps in Switzerland. It lies towards the northern end of the Nadelgrat, a high-level ridge running roughly north–south above the resort of Saas-Fee to the east, and the Mattertal to the west. It is part of the Mischabel range, which culminates at the Dom (4,546 m).

North of the Dürrenhorn, there is located the sub-peak Klein Dürrenhorn (3889 m).
Tudur Hen ap Goronwy
Tudur Hen ap Goronwy was a Welsh aristocrat and original founder of the House of Tudor. He was one of three sons of Goronwy ab Ednyfed who received lands from King Edward I of England. Nonetheless, he backed the rebellion of Madog ap Llywelyn, but afterwards swore allegiance to both Edward I and his son, Edward of Caernarfon. Tudur Hen was responsible for the restoration of the Franciscan friary at Bangor, where his body was later placed on 11 October 1311.

Welsh rebellions against English rule
During the late Middle Ages in medieval Wales, rebellions were instigated by the Welsh people in a series of battles and wars before and after the 13th century conquest of Wales by Edward I. By 1283, the whole of Wales was under the control of the Kingdom of England for the first time. Then, by 1400, after centuries of intermittent warfare in Wales, the discontent of the Welsh people with English rule in Wales culminated in the Welsh Revolt, a major uprising led by Owain Glyndŵr, who achieved de facto control over much of the country in the following years. The rebellion petered out after 1409, and after complete English control was restored in 1415, there were no further major rebellions against England in the former Kingdoms in Wales.
Nerikare
Nerikare was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.

According to the Egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, he was the third king of the dynasty, reigning for a short time in 1796 BC. Alternatively Jürgen von Beckerath sees Nerikare as the twenty-third king of the 13th Dynasty, reigning after Sehetepkare Intef.

Kim Ryholt
Kim Steven Bardrum Ryholt (born 19 June 1970) is a Danish Egyptologist. He is a professor of Egyptology at the University of Copenhagen and a specialist on Egyptian history and literature. He is director of the research center Canon and Identity Formation in the Earliest Literate Societies under the University of Copenhagen Programme of Excellence (since 2008) and director of The Papyrus Carlsberg Collection & Project (since 1999).
Corviglia (ski course)
Corviglia is a World Cup ski course in Switzerland at St. Moritz, Grisons. Opened 92 years ago in 1934, it is located in the Engadin valley on Piz Nair mountain in the Albula Alps.

Corviglia has hosted a record five World Championships (1934, 1948, 1974, 2003, 2017) and the Winter Olympics in 1948 (concurrent World Championships).

It is adjacent to the newer "Engiadina", a course used for women's speed events, which hosted those events during the two most recent World Championships (2003, 2017).

"Free Fall", a new downhill start constructed in 2003 by Bernhard Russi, has the steepest incline in circuit at 45 degrees (100% gradient).

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1934
The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1934 in alpine skiing were the fourth edition of the competition, organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS) and held at Piz Nair in St. Moritz, Switzerland in February 1934.
Shahid Ashraf
Shahid Ashraf SBt (born 1947), is a retired Pakistani naval officer and former spy whose role was central in a massive military scandal took place during the second administration of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.

He was accused of receiving monetary corruption when he led the Naval Intelligence office under the staff of Admiral Mansurul Haq, the Chief of Naval Staff from 1994 until 1997. He was subsequently court-martial but his matter was later subjected to cover-up by the Pakistani military under the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff General Pervez Musharraf in 1999.

Naval Intelligence (Pakistan)
The Naval Intelligence, commonly known as the NI, is the intelligence agency of the Pakistan Navy.: 150–154

The NI provides assessments on capabilities of real-time reporting of the foreign navies while tasked with protecting the maritime resources, interests, countering and managing maritime threats.: 65

Not much has been publicized about the missions and works of the NI as the Pakistani military rarely released official details of the NI's activities.
Bir (film)
Bir (Bengali: বীর) is a 2020 Bangladeshi political action-drama film written and directed by Kazi Hayat. It features Shakib Khan and Shabnom Bubly in the lead roles. It is co-produced by Shakib Khan and Mohammad Iqbal under the banner of SK Films.

Principal photography began on 15 July 2019, and wrapped up in January 2020. The film was released on 14 February 2020 on the occasion of Valentine's Day. The film won National Film Awards twice at the 45th Bangladesh National Film Awards.

Shobnom Bubly
Shobnom Yeasmin Bubly, professionally known as Shobnom Bubly, is a Bangladeshi film actress and former news presenter. Bubly is mostly known for her marriage with Shakib Khan opposite whom she made her acting debut in the film Bossgiri in 2016 and since then the two have collaborated multiple times.
Tim Norton
Timothy John Norton SVD (born 24 July 1958) is an Australian Catholic bishop. He is the Bishop of Broome, prior having served as an Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane from 2022–2024. A member of the Society of the Divine Word, he previously served as the Provincial Superior of the order for Australia between 2005 and 2013.

Diocese of Broome
The Diocese of Broome is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in Australia. The diocese covers the Kimberley and Pilbara regions of Western Australia. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Perth. Its cathedral episcopal see is Our Lady Queen of Peace Cathedral, in Broome, Western Australia.
Rick Tillis
Thomas Richard Tillis (born September 22, 1963) is an American politician who served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from the 92nd district as a member of the Republican Party. During his tenure in the state house he served as the Majority Whip.

Tillis, who is the brother of US Senator Thom Tillis, received a GED from the Florida Department of Education. He was elected to the state house in Tennessee in the 2016 election and served until he was defeated in the 2020 Republican primary by Todd Warner. Tillis served as the Majority Whip from 2018 to his resignation in 2019, after it had been discovered that he was running a Twitter account critical of other Republicans in the state house.

Tennessee House of Representatives
The Tennessee House of Representatives is the lower house of the Tennessee General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Tennessee. The House convenes, along with the Senate, at the Tennessee State Capitol in Nashville.
McGill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
The McGill Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences is one of the constituent faculties of McGill University. It was established in 1829 after the Montreal Medical Institution was incorporated into McGill College as the college's first faculty; it was the first medical faculty to be established in Canada. The Faculty awarded McGill’s first degree, and Canada’s first medical degree, to William Leslie Logie in 1833.”

There have been at least two Nobel Prize laureates who have completed their entire education at McGill University including MD at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences including Andrew Schally (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977) and David H. Hubel (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981).

Andrew Schally
Andrzej Viktor "Andrew" Schally (30 November 1926 – 17 October 2024) was a Polish-American endocrinologist who was a co-recipient, with Roger Guillemin and Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

This award recognized his research in the discovery that the hypothalamus controls hormone production and release by the pituitary gland, which controls the regulation of other hormones in the body.

Later in life, Schally utilized his knowledge of hypothalamic hormones to research possible methods for birth control and cancer treatment.
Roberto Petito
Roberto Petito (born 1 February 1971) is an Italian former professional road bicycle racer.

Petito was born in Civitavecchia.  His most important win came in 1997, when he won the Tirreno–Adriatico. He has also finished in  the top five in classics such as the Tour of Flanders or Paris–Roubaix, as well as the overall in the 2006 edition of the Four Days of Dunkirk.

Tirreno–Adriatico
Tirreno–Adriatico, nicknamed the "Race of the Two Seas", is an elite road cycling stage race in Italy, run between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. Traditionally held in the early part of the season, and usually counter-programmed with the Paris-Nice/'Race to the Sun', it is considered to be an important preparation for the Giro d'Italia. It is part of the UCI World Tour, cycling's highest level of professional men's races.

First held in 1966, the race was held over three stages. Since 2002 it is held over seven stages. Except for the first edition, the last stage has always finished in San Benedetto del Tronto on the Adriatic Seaside. Belgian Roger De Vlaeminck holds the record for most wins with six consecutive victories in the 1970s. Italian Francesco Moser also finished six times on the podium and won the race twice.