hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Amerasia
Amerasia was a journal of Far Eastern affairs best known for the 1940s "Amerasia Affair" in which several of its staff and their contacts were suspected of espionage and charged with unauthorized possession of government documents.

China Hands
The term China Hand originally referred to 19th-century merchants in the treaty ports of China, but came to be used for anyone with expert knowledge of the language, culture, and people of China. In 1940s America, the term China Hands came to refer to a group of American diplomats, journalists, and soldiers who were known for their knowledge of China and influence on U.S. policy before, during, and after  World War II. During and after the Cold War, the term China watcher became popularized: and, with some overlap, the term sinologist also describes a China expert in English, particularly in academic contexts or in reference to the expert's academic background.

Zhongguo tong (simplified Chinese: 中国通; traditional Chinese: 中國通; pinyin: Zhōngguó tōng; lit. 'China expert'), sometimes translated as "old China Hand", refers to a foreigner who shows a familiarity with, or affinity for, Chinese language and culture.
Gary Shilling
A. Gary Shilling (born May 25, 1937) is an American financial analyst and commentator who appears regularly in publications such as Forbes, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal.  He is president of A. Gary Shilling & Co., Inc., editor of A. Gary Shilling's Insight, and a member of the Nihon Keizai Shimbun Board of Economists. He is featured frequently on business shows on radio and television, and as a recognised orator, addresses conventions of global business groups like the Young Presidents' Organization. More than two years before the housing bubble burst, Shilling warned that subprime loans were probably "the greatest financial problem" for the future U.S. economy, and in January 2006, prior to the Great Recession, he wrote an article entitled: “The Housing Bubble Will Probably Burst”. In 2007 he correctly prophesied that housing would "sink the economy".

Subprime lending
In finance, subprime lending (also referred to as near-prime, subpar, non-prime, and second-chance lending) is the provision of loans to people in the United States who may have difficulty maintaining the repayment schedule. Historically, subprime borrowers were defined as having FICO scores below 600, although this threshold has varied over time.

These loans are characterized by higher interest rates, poor quality collateral, and less favorable terms in order to compensate for higher credit risk. During the early to mid-2000s, many subprime loans were packaged into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and ultimately defaulted, contributing to the 2008 financial crisis.
Addik
Addik (stylised as ADDIK; formerly known as addikTV and Mystère) is a Canadian French-language specialty channel owned by Groupe TVA, a division of Quebecor Media. The channel is devoted primarily to French-language drama programming focusing on mystery, suspense, and thriller TV series and films. The name of the channel is derived from the English word "addiction".

Suspense
Suspense is a state of anxiety or excitement caused by mysteriousness, uncertainty, doubt, or undecidedness.  In a narrative work, suspense is the audience's excited anticipation about the plot or conflict (which may be heightened by a violent moment, stressful scene, puzzle, mystery, etc.), particularly as it affects a character for whom the audience feels sympathy. However, suspense is not exclusive to narratives.
Viacheslav Khodakivskyi
Viacheslav Khodakivskyi (Ukrainian: В'ячеслав Анатолійович Ходаківський; October 5, 1981, Berdychiv, Zhytomyr region — March 21, 2022, Zaporizhzhia region) was a Ukrainian soldier, Major of the 7th Brigade of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, a participant of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Hero of Ukraine (2023, posthumously). Knight of the Order of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, III degree (2022).

Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky
The Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Ukrainian: Орден Богдана Хмельницького, romanized: Orden Bohdana Khmelnytskoho) is a Ukrainian military award named after  Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks. The award was established on May 3, 1995 by Ukrainian president Leonid Kuchma to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe.
ETH-LAD
ETH-LAD, or ETHLAD, also known as 6-ethyl-6-nor-LSD, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; also known as METH-LAD). It is slightly more potent than LSD and is among the most potent psychedelics known. The drug is taken orally.

It acts as a serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. In addition, it binds to dopamine receptors. The drug produces psychedelic-like effects in animals. It is closely structurally related to LSD and to other psychedelic lysergamides like PRO-LAD and AL-LAD.

ETH-LAD was first described in the scientific literature by 1976. Its effects in humans were assessed and reported by Alexander Shulgin in the 1980s and 1990s. The drug was encountered as a novel recreational designer drug in Europe by 2016. In addition, a prodrug of ETH-LAD, 1P-ETH-LAD, has been developed and encountered as a designer drug.

Prodrug
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME).

Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target.  This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
Jan Sobilo
Bishop Jan Sobilo (Ukrainian: Ян Собіло; Polish: Jan Władysław Sobiło; born 31 May 1962 in Nisko, Poland) is a Polish-born Ukrainian Roman Catholic prelate, who serves as an Auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kharkiv-Zaporizhia and the Titular Bishop of Bulna since 30 October 2010.

Bulna (North Africa)
Bulnensis also known as  Bulna is a titular episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Church ascribed to  the ecclesiastical province of Africa Proconsularis, as a suffragan of  the  Archdiocese of Carthage.

Very little is known of the ancient diocese. The bishopric is mentioned by Optatus of Milevi who lists the bishop Victor with the Proconsularis bishops at a council of 646. No other bishops are known to us and even the location of Bulna is not known, though doubtless it was in Tunisia.
Wenjing Road station
Wenjing Road (Chinese: 文井路; pinyin: Wénjǐng Lù) is a station on Line 5 of the Shanghai Metro. It is situated on the branch service of the line, between Dongchuan Road and Minhang Development Zone. Passengers can transfer to the main line at Dongchuan Road. However, since 26 December 2020, this is not the case, as trains have resumed service all the way to Xinzhuang.

Xinzhuang station (Shanghai Metro)
Xinzhuang (Chinese: 莘庄; pinyin: Xīnzhuāng) is an interchange station on the Shanghai Metro. It is the southern terminus of Line 1 and the northern terminus of Line 5. It is one of the busiest stations in the Shanghai Metro, serving 230,000 passengers every day. Both Line 1 and Line 5's stations have two side platforms and two tracks, with a wall separating the Line 1 and the Line 5 platforms.

The station opened on Line 1 on 28 December 1996, with the Line 5 interchange having opened on 25 November 2003.
Cloture
Cloture (/ˈkloʊtʃər/, also UK: /ˈkloʊtjʊər/), closure or, informally, a guillotine, is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end.

The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. Clôture is French for "the act of terminating something".

It was introduced into the Parliament of the United Kingdom by William Ewart Gladstone to overcome the obstructionism of the Irish Parliamentary Party and was made permanent in 1887.

It was subsequently adopted by the United States Senate and other legislatures. The name cloture remains in the United States. In Commonwealth countries it is usually closure or, informally, guillotine. In the United Kingdom and Canada closure and guillotine are distinct motions.

Irish Parliamentary Party
The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP; commonly called the Irish Party or the Home Rule Party) was formed in 1874 by Isaac Butt, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing the Home Rule League, as official parliamentary party for Irish nationalist Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons at Westminster within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland up until 1918. Its central objectives were legislative independence for Ireland and land reform. Its constitutional movement was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government through three Irish Home Rule bills.
Pullivasal Island
Pullivasal Island is an uninhabited island in the Gulf of Mannar situated south of Pamban Island. The island belongs to India and forms a part of the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park. The area of sea grass beds along the coast is 5.89 square kilometres.

Pamban Island
Pamban Island (Tamil: Pāmpaṉ tīvu) is an island located off the southeast coast of mainland India. It is separated from the island of Sri Lanka by the Palk strait, and has the Palk Bay in the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Gulf of Mannar in the Laccadive Sea to the west. It forms part of the Rameswaram taluk in the Ramanathapuram district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the largest island in Tamil Nadu by area and the principal town in the island is the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram. It is connected to the Indian mainland by the Pamban Bridge.
Shanti Sethi
Shanti Sethi is an American naval officer and the only Indian-American woman and the 15th female officer to command a major US Navy combat warship. She commanded the guided missile destroyer USS Decatur from 15 December 2010 to May 2012. From 2021 to 2022, she served as the Navy's Senior Military Advisor to the Secretary of the Navy. From February 2022 until the Fall of 2022, she was detailed o the Office of the Vice President as Executive Secretary and Defense Advisor. She is now detailed to the National Security Council as Director for Talent Management and Recruiting.

United States National Security Council
The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the national security council used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security, military, and foreign policy matters. Based in the White House, it is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, and composed of senior national security advisors and presidential cabinet officials.

Since its inception in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman, the function of the council has been to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies. It also serves as the president's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. The council has subsequently played a key role in most major events in U.S. foreign policy, from the Korean War to the war on terror.
Ruth Noemí Colón
Ruth Noemí Colón (born November 21, 1958) was the 66th Secretary of State of New York, serving in the Cabinets of Governors David Paterson and Andrew Cuomo.  She was appointed by Governor Paterson to replace outgoing Secretary Lorraine Cortés-Vázquez who officially resigned on September 1, 2010.

A resident of White Plains, Colón earned a bachelor degree in education and a master's degree in communications from the University of Puerto Rico. Colón has a Juris Doctor from Pace University School of Law. Secretary Colón is a member of the Westchester Women's Bar Association and serves on the board of directors of the Puerto Rican Bar Association.

On March 31, 2011, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced the nomination of Cesar A. Perales for the Secretary of State position. Effective May 2, 2011, Perales replaced Colón as the state's new Secretary of State and was confirmed by the New York State Senate on June 7.

Cesar A. Perales
Cesar Augusto Perales (born November 12, 1940) is an American attorney, civil servant and was the previous Secretary of State of New York in the Cabinet of Governor Andrew Cuomo. Perales was appointed by Cuomo on March 31, 2011, and unanimously confirmed by the New York State Senate on June 7.
Lured
Lured  is a 1947 American film noir directed by Douglas Sirk and starring George Sanders, Lucille Ball, Charles Coburn, Sir Cedric Hardwicke, and Boris Karloff. The film is a remake of 1939 French film Pièges directed by Robert Siodmak, which was titled Personal Column in the United States; Personal Column was also the title of this film as originally released.  It did not enjoy good business under that name – the code administration was concerned that some people thought the film was titled "LURID", so United Artists pulled it from distribution, and subsequently re-released it with the alternate title.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Nicolai Remisoff.

Charles Coburn
Charles Douville Coburn (June 19, 1877 – August 30, 1961) was an American actor and theatrical producer. He was nominated for a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award three times – for The Devil and Miss Jones (1941), The More the Merrier (1943) and The Green Years (1946) – winning for his performance in The More the Merrier. He was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California) in 1960 for his contribution to the film industry.
MTFEM
MTFEM, also known as 4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, is a serotonin receptor modulator of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. It is a derivative of the DOx psychedelics TMA-2 and MEM in which the 4-position substituent has been extended. The drug is also the α-methyl or amphetamine analogue of 2C-O-22.

2,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
2,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (2,4,5-TMA), also known as TMA-2 or as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methoxyamphetamine (DOMeO), is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families. It is one of the trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) series of positional isomers. The drug is also notable in being the 4-methoxylated member of the DOx (i.e., 4-substituted-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine) series of drugs.
Aaadonta constricta
Aaadonta constricta is a species of land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Endodontidae. It is endemic to Palau, where it is known from the islands of Babeldaob, Ngemelis, Peleliu and Koror. It may be extirpated from Koror. It is threatened by habitat destruction and modification. This species plays an important role in the ecosystem by eating decaying plants and fungi they help return nutrients back to the soil. In 1976, Solem described two subspecies of Aaadonta constricta:

A. c. babelthuapi

A. c. constricta

A. c. komakanensis

Aaadonta constricta komakanensis
Aaadonta constricta komakanensis is a subspecies of land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Endodontidae. It is endemic to Palau, where it was previously known from Koror, but has not been seen since 1936. If it is still extant, it is threatened by destruction or modification of its habitat.
Francis William Drake
Vice-Admiral of the Red Francis William Drake (22 August 1724 – 5 December 1787) was an Royal Navy officer, politician and colonial administrator who served in the War of the Austrian Succession, Seven Years' War and American War of Independence

Vice-Admiral of the Red
Vice-Admiral of the Red was a senior rank of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, immediately outranked by the rank Admiral of the Blue (see order of precedence below). Royal Navy officers currently holding the ranks of commodore, rear admiral, vice admiral and admiral of the fleet are sometimes considered generically to be admirals. From 1688 to 1805 this rank was in order of precedence fourth; after 1805 it was the fifth. In 1864 it was abolished as a promotional rank. (pictured opposite is the command flag for a vice-admiral of the Red).
Intellectual Mastery of Nature
Intellectual Mastery of Nature: Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein is a two-volume reference work on the history of theoretical physics by Christa Jungnickel and Russell McCormmach that was initially published in 1986 by the University of Chicago Press. The book was well received, and it won the 1987 Pfizer Award, given annually by the History of Science Society. In 2017, the duo released a revised and condensed version of the book through Springer International Publishing, titled The Second Physicist: On the History of Theoretical Physics in Germany. The authors also wrote the 1996 and updated 1999 biography of Henry Cavendish, originally titled Cavendish. The book was given the subtitle The Experimental Life in the revised version of 1999.

History of Science Society
The History of Science Society (HSS), founded in 1924, is the primary professional society for the academic study of the history of science. The society has over 3,000 members worldwide. It publishes the quarterly journal Isis and the yearly journal Osiris, sponsors the IsisCB: History of Science Index, and holds an annual conference.
As of January 2024, the current president of the HSS is Evelynn M. Hammonds.
Solanum commersonii
Solanum commersonii is a species of wild potato in the family Solanaceae. It is native to southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina, and has been introduced to Mauritius. It is a crop wild relative useful in potato breeding for its resistance to root knot nematode, soft rot, blackleg, bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), verticillium wilt, Potato virus X, tobacco etch virus, common scab, and late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans), and for its frost tolerance and ability to cold acclimate.

Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete or water mold, a fungus-like microorganism that causes the serious potato and tomato disease known as late blight or potato blight. Early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is also often called "potato blight". Late blight was a major culprit in the 1840s European, the 1845–1852 Irish, and the 1846 Highland potato famines. The organism can also infect some other members of the Solanaceae. The pathogen is favored by moist, cool environments: sporulation is optimal at 12–18 °C (54–64 °F) in water-saturated or nearly saturated environments, and zoospore production is favored at temperatures below 15 °C (59 °F). Lesion growth rates are typically optimal at a slightly warmer temperature range of 20 to 24 °C (68 to 75 °F).
George Lee (journalist)
George Lee (born 27 September 1962) is an Irish economist, journalist, television and radio presenter, and former Fine Gael politician. He has worked for RTÉ since 1992. Since 2019, he has been Environment Correspondent for RTÉ News. He previously was Economics Editor in 1996.

Lee left RTÉ and became a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South constituency in June 2009, winning a by-election with a 53.4% majority and was referred to as a "celebrity TD". On 8 February 2010, Lee announced his resignation both from Fine Gael and from Dáil Éireann, having spent nine months in politics. His reasoning was that he had "virtually no influence or input". He returned to RTÉ in May 2010, and presented Mind Your Business, followed by The Business on RTÉ Radio 1 from 2010. During his time in RTÉ News, he was named Irish Journalist of the Year for uncovering a major tax evasion and overcharging scandal at National Irish Bank.

Danske Bank (Ireland)
Danske Bank, formerly known as the National Irish Bank, is a bank operating in the Republic of Ireland. The bank is a subsidiary of the Danske Bank Group which is headquartered in Copenhagen.

Danske Bank is organised in three business units – Personal Banking, Business Banking and Corporates & Institutions – that span all of the Group's geographical markets. Since November 2012, all of the Group's banking activities have been gathered under the Danske Bank brand name. The group's websites were brought fully into alignment with the new organisation at the same time.
Maine Central class C 4-6-2
Maine Central Railroad Class C locomotives were intended for main line passenger service. They were of 4-6-2 wheel arrangement in the Whyte notation, or " 2'C1' " in UIC classification. They replaced earlier class N 4-6-0 locomotives beginning in 1907. Class C locomotives pulled named passenger trains until replacement by diesel locomotives after World War II.

Maine Central 470
Maine Central 470 is a 4-6-2 "Pacific" type steam locomotive built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in May 1924 for the Maine Central Railroad (MEC). Currently owned by the New England Steam Corporation, it is being restored to operating condition at Washington Junction in Hancock, Maine.
Razm Mortar
Razm is an Iranian 120 mm heavy mortar unveiled in 2010 and produced by Iran's Defense Industries Organization. It is a long-range mortar with range of 16 km with rocket-assisted munitions and can be used alongside tube artillery. To achieve this range, Razm uses an unusually long barrel, and is very heavy. The overall design of the mortar is similar to that of 120 mm HM 16.

HM 16
The AMIG HM 16 Hadid is an Iranian mortar. It  is manufactured by the Ammunition & Metallurgy Industries Group, part of Iran's Defense Industries Organization. It is a smoothbore and barrel-loading mortar with 360° field of firing and can be taken apart and carried by infantry.

Under the "Hadid" line, Iran also produces 60 mm and 81 mm mortars.
I'll Never Forget That Night
I'll Never Forget That Night (German: Diese Nacht vergess ich nie) is a 1949 German comedy film directed by Johannes Meyer and starring Gustav Fröhlich, Winnie Markus and Paul Henckels. It was shot at the Bendestorf Studios near Hamburg. The film's sets were designed by the art director Erich Grave.

Gustav Fröhlich
Gustav Friedrich Fröhlich (21 March 1902 – 22 December 1987) was a German actor and film director. He landed secondary roles in a number of films and plays before landing his breakthrough role of Freder Fredersen in Fritz Lang's 1927 film Metropolis. He remained a popular film star in Germany until the 1950s.
Elbridge Trask
Elbridge Trask also known as Eldridge Trask (July 15, 1815 – June 23, 1863) was an American fur trapper and mountain man in the Oregon Country. Immortalized by a series of modern historical novels by Don Berry, he is best known as an early white settler along Tillamook Bay on the coast of the U.S. state of Oregon. The Trask River and Trask Mountain along the Northern Oregon Coast Range are also named after him.

Northern Oregon Coast Range
The Northern Oregon Coast Range is the northern section of the Oregon Coast Range, in the Pacific Coast Ranges physiographic region, located in the northwest portion of the state of Oregon, United States. This section of the mountain range, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, contains peaks as high as 3,710 feet (1,131 m) for Rogers Peak. Forests in these mountains are considered to be some of the most productive timber land in the world. The Central Oregon Coast Range is directly south of this section with the Southern Oregon Coast Range beyond the central range.