hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cunobeline
Cunobeline or Cunobelin (Common Brittonic: *Cunobelinos, "Dog-Strong"), also known by his name's Latin form Cunobelinus, was a king in pre-Roman Britain from about AD 9 to about AD 40. He is mentioned in passing by the classical historians Suetonius and Dio Cassius, and many coins bearing his inscription have been found. He controlled a substantial portion of southeastern Britain, including the territories of the Catuvellauni and the Trinovantes, and he was called "King of the Britons" (Britannorum rex) by Suetonius. Cunobeline may have been a client king of Rome, based on the images and legends appearing on his coins. Cunobeline appears in British legend as Cynfelyn (Welsh), Kymbelinus (medieval Latin) or Cymbeline, as in the play by William Shakespeare.

Suetonius
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (Latin: [ˈɡaːiʊs sweːˈtoːniʊs traŋˈkᶣɪlːʊs]), commonly referred to as Suetonius (/swɪˈtoʊniəs/ swih-TOH-nee-əs; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire. His most important surviving work is De vita Caesarum, commonly known in English as The Twelve Caesars, a set of biographies of 12 successive Roman rulers from Julius Caesar to Domitian. Other works by Suetonius concerned the daily life of Rome, politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians. A few of these books have partially survived, but many have been lost.
William Boddie
William K. Boddie Jr. (born June 12, 1977) is an American politician from the state of Georgia. A member of the Democratic Party, Boddie represented the 62nd district in the Georgia House of Representatives from 2017 to 2023. He served as House Minority Whip from 2019 to 2021.

Boddie ran for House Minority Leader in 2020, losing to Rep. James Beverly. He ran for Georgia Labor Commissioner in the 2022 elections, losing to Bruce Thompson.

James Beverly
James Theodore Beverly (born September 28, 1968) is an American politician from the state of Georgia. A member of the Democratic Party, Beverly has represented the 143rd district in the Georgia House of Representatives since January 2013. He has served as Minority Leader since January 2021.
Potocki family
The House of Potocki (Polish pronunciation: [pɔˈtɔt͡skʲi]; plural: Potoccy, male: Potocki, feminine: Potocka) was a prominent Polish noble family in the Kingdom of Poland and magnates of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Potocki family is one of the wealthiest and most powerful aristocratic families in Poland.

Teodor Andrzej Potocki
Teodor Andrzej Potocki (13 February 1664 – 12 December 1738) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), Primate of Poland, interrex in 1733.

Teodor was Rector of Przemyśl and canon of Kraków since 1687, Bishop of Chełmno since 1699 and Bishop of Warmia (Ermland) since 1711. In 1722 Teodor became Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland.

He became interrex after the death of Augustus II of Poland and led the election of a new king in Wola. In 1733 he declared and crowned Stanisław I Leszczyński as the successor to Augustus II on the Polish throne. He supported Leszczyński during the following War of the Polish Succession.

Teodor was a protector of the Jesuit Order and benefactor of churches, monasteries and palaces.
Department of Militia and Defence
The Department of Militia and Defence was the government department responsible for military land forces in Canada from 1868 to 1921.

The Minister of Militia and Defence was in charge of this department.

The department was created by the Militia Act in 1868. In 1906, when the British Army withdrew its forces stationed in Canada, the department remained in place to support the Permanent Active Militia and Non-Permanent Active Militia, the names for Canadian land forces.

In 1921 the Royal Canadian Navy was transferred to the Department of Militia and Defence from the Department of Marine and Fisheries and the Naval Service.  In the same year, the department was renamed the Department of Militia and Defence and the Naval Service.  In 1922 the name of the department was changed to the Department of National Defence with the merger of the Air Board.

Non-Permanent Active Militia
The Non-Permanent Active Militia (NPAM) was the military reserve force of Canada from 1855 to 1940. It was composed of several dozen infantry battalions (redesignated as regiments in 1900) and cavalry regiments. After the withdrawal of British forces from Canada during the turn of the 20th century, supporting corps were created in Canada as part of both the PAM and the NPAM.
Eureka College Administration Building and Chapel
The Eureka College Administration Building and Chapel are the two oldest buildings on the campus of Eureka College in Eureka, Illinois. The administration building was built in 1858; as the campus became too large to fit in one building, the chapel was added in 1869. The buildings were the only ones at the college for almost twenty-five years and are still the focal point of the campus. In addition to their role in the college's history, both buildings are architecturally significant. The administration building has an Italianate design, which can be seen most prominently in the frieze and roof overhang, with Federal-influenced windows and Georgian main entrances. The chapel has an Italian Villa design with bracketed eaves and tall, thin arched windows.

The buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 31, 1980.

Eureka College
Eureka College is a private college in Eureka, Illinois, United States. Founded in 1855, it is related by covenant to the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). The college enrolled approximately 559 students in 2023.

Eureka College was founded by abolitionists and was the third college in the United States to admit men and women on an equal basis. In 1856, future U.S. president Abraham Lincoln spoke on campus. Ronald Reagan, the 40th U.S. president, graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and maintained a close connection with the college throughout his life; it is home to the Ronald Reagan Museum and Peace Garden.
Rupinder Singh
Rupinder Singh Happy is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the Bassi Pathana Assembly constituency in the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Aam Aadmi Party.  He was elected as the MLA in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.

2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election
Legislative Assembly elections were held in Punjab on 20 February 2022 to elect the 117 members of the 16th Assembly of the Punjab Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 10 March 2022.

The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly by winning 92 out of 117 seats. AAP Punjab convener and MP Bhagwant Mann was sworn in as Chief Minister on 16 March 2022. Mann ministry was formed with 10 cabinet ministers on 19 March 2022.
Gary Deegan
Gary Richard Deegan (born 28 September 1987) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Beginning his career in his native Ireland, he played in the Scottish Premiership for Hibernian and various clubs in all three divisions of the English Football League.

Pat Fenlon
Patrick Fenlon (born 15 March 1969) is an Irish football coach and former player.

Fenlon played as a midfielder for St Patrick's Athletic, Bohemians, Linfield, Shamrock Rovers and Shelbourne. As a manager he won five League of Ireland titles with Shelbourne and Bohemians between 2003 and 2009. During his time with Bohemians Fenlon also won the FAI Cup in 2008, the League of Ireland Cup in 2009 and the Setanta Sports Cup in 2010. Fenlon moved to Scottish club Hibernian in November 2011, who he helped reach two Scottish Cup Finals, although both were lost heavily.
Gnutella2
Gnutella2, often referred to as G2, is a peer-to-peer protocol developed mainly by Michael Stokes and released in 2002.

While inspired by the gnutella protocol, G2 shares little of its design with the exception of its connection handshake and download mechanics.

G2 adopts an extensible binary packet format and an entirely new search algorithm.

Furthermore, G2 has a related (but significantly different) network topology and an improved metadata system, which helps effectively to reduce fake files, such as viruses, on the network.

Metadata
Metadata (or metainformation) is data that defines and describes the characteristics of other data.  It often helps to describe, explain, locate, or otherwise make data easier to retrieve, use, or manage. For example, the title, author, and publication date of a book are metadata about the book. But, while a data asset is finite, its metadata is infinite.

As such, efforts to define, classify types, or structure metadata are expressed as examples in the context of its use. The term "metadata" has a history dating to the 1960s where it occurred in computer science and in popular culture. Different types of metadata serve different functions. For example, descriptive metadata for a document might include the author, creation date, file size and keywords.
Lorenzo Serra Ferrer
Lorenzo Serra Ferrer (Spanish pronunciation: [loˈɾenθo ˈsera feˈreɾ]; Catalan: Llorenç Serra Ferrer [ʎuˈɾɛns ˈsɛrə fəˈre]; born 5 March 1953) is a Spanish football manager.

His career was mainly associated with Mallorca and Betis, and he also served the former in various other capacities.

RCD Mallorca
Real Club Deportivo Mallorca, S.A.D. (Spanish: [reˈal ˈkluβ ðepoɾˈtiβo maˈʎoɾka], Catalan: Reial Club Deportiu Mallorca [rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw məˈʎɔɾkə], Royal Sporting Club Mallorca), commonly known as Real Mallorca or RCD Mallorca, is a Spanish professional football club based in Palma on the island of Mallorca in the Balearic Islands. Founded on 5 March 1916, they currently compete in La Liga, holding home games at the Estadi Mallorca Son Moix with a 23,142-seat capacity.

The club had its peak in the late 1990s and early 2000s, reaching a best-ever third place in La Liga in 1999 and 2001 and winning the Copa del Rey in 2003 following final defeats in 1991, 1998 and 2024. Mallorca also won the 1998 Supercopa de España and reached the 1999 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final.

Mallorca traditionally play in red shirts with black shorts and socks.
Sarcolaena
Sarcolaena is a genus of flowering plants in the family Sarcolaenaceae. This family is endemic to Madagascar. There are about 8 species in the genus.

Species include:

Sarcolaena codonochlamys Baker

Sarcolaena delphinensis Cavaco

Sarcolaena eriophora Thouars

Sarcolaena grandiflora Thouars

Sarcolaena humbertiana Cavaco

Sarcolaena isaloensis Randrianasolo & Miller

Sarcolaena multiflora Thouars

Sarcolaena oblongifolia F.Gérard

Sarcolaena eriophora
Sarcolaena eriophora is a species of plant in the Sarcolaenaceae family. It is endemic to Madagascar.  Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and sandy shores. It is threatened by habitat loss.
M/M/c queue
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, the M/M/c queue (or Erlang–C model: 495 ) is a multi-server queueing model. In Kendall's notation it describes a system where arrivals form a single queue and are governed by a Poisson process, there are c servers, and job service times are exponentially distributed. It is a generalisation of the M/M/1 queue which considers only a single server. The model with infinitely many servers is the M/M/∞ queue.

Queueing theory
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service.

Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals.
Zum Teufel mit der Penne
Zum Teufel mit der Penne is a 1968 West German comedy film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Peter Alexander, Hansi Kraus and Hannelore Elsner. Its English title is To Hell with School. It was the second in the 7-part Die Lümmel von der ersten Bank series of comedy films.

Hannelore Elsner
Hannelore Elsner (German: [ˈhanəloːʁə ˈɛlsnɐ] ⓘ; born Hannelore Elstner; 26 July 1942 – 21 April 2019) was a German actress with a long career in television and film. She first performed on stage in Munich, and later starred in popular films and television series such as Die Schwarzwaldklinik (The Black Forest Clinic), and as the lead character, Inspector Lea Sommer, in the series Die Kommissarin. She was recognized internationally for her lead role in the 2000 film Die Unberührbare (No Place to Go), shown at the Cannes Film Festival.
Cynthia Sharma
Cynthia Mira Sharma (born 1979) is a biologist, who is Chair of Molecular Infection Biology II at the University of Würzburg. Her research focuses on how bacterial pathogens regulate their gene expression to adapt to changing environments or stress conditions.

University of Würzburg
The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg) is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. Founded in 1402, it is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Germany. The university initially had a brief run and was closed in 1415. It was reopened in 1582 on the initiative of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn. Today, the university is named for Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn and Maximilian Joseph.

The University of Würzburg is part of the U15 group of research-intensive German universities. The university is also a member of the Coimbra Group. In the winter semester 2022/2023, 26,787 students were enrolled, of which 16,351 were women and 3,250 were first semester university students. The University is associated with 14 Nobel laureates.
Samba de Janeiro
"Samba de Janeiro" (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈsɐ̃bɐ dʒi ʒɐˈnejɾu]) is a song by German group Bellini. It was released on 5 May 1997 in Germany as their debut single and the lead single from their debut album of the same name (1997). The song was a hit throughout Europe, reaching number-one in Hungary and the top 10 in at least 12 countries. It interpolates the chorus of Airto Moreira's 1972 song "Tombo in 7/4", as well as sampling the drum rhythm from Moreira's 1977 song called "Celebration Suite". Gottfried Engels and Ramon Zenker were the co-authors and producers of the song.

"Samba de Janeiro" won the award for best dance single at the 7th annual Echo Awards. Despite bearing this name, the track is not a samba, but a Eurodance and Latin house track, and the song is little known in Brazil.

Airto Moreira
Airto Guimorvan Moreira (born August 5, 1941) is a Brazilian jazz drummer, composer and percussionist. He is married to jazz singer Flora Purim, and their daughter Diana Moreira is also a singer. Coming to prominence in the late 1960s as a member of the Brazilian ensemble Quarteto Novo, he moved to the United States and worked in jazz fusion with Miles Davis, Return to Forever, Weather Report and Santana.
Marble Point
Marble Point is a rocky promontory on the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The United States operates a station at the point. The outpost is used as a helicopter refueling station supporting scientific research in the nearby continental interior, such as the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Dependent upon the weather conditions at the time, helicopters are able to fly in and out of the station 24 hours a day during the summer research season. It supports operations at nearby McMurdo (US) and Scott (NZ) facilities on Ross Island,  and was established in the mid-1950s, like those installations.

The station's remote location and adjoining frozen sea have largely discouraged tourism in the area. However, the Russian icebreaker Kapitan Khlebnikov conducts cruises in the Ross Sea and McMurdo Sound. In 1993, the icebreaker docked at fast ice offshore Marble Point. Tourists aboard helicopters launched from the icebreaker flew excursions into the McMurdo Dry Valleys.

Victoria Land
Victoria Land is a region in eastern Antarctica which fronts the western side of the Ross Sea and the Ross Ice Shelf, extending southward from about 70°30'S to 78°00'S, and westward from the Ross Sea to the edge of the Antarctic Plateau. It was discovered by Captain James Clark Ross in January 1841 and named after Queen Victoria. The rocky promontory of Minna Bluff is often regarded as the southernmost point of Victoria Land, and separates the Scott Coast to the north from the Hillary Coast of the Ross Dependency to the south.
Griffintown
Griffintown is a historic neighbourhood of Montreal, Quebec, southwest of downtown. The area existed as a functional neighbourhood from the 1820s until the 1960s and was mainly populated by Irish immigrants and their descendants. Mostly depopulated since then, the neighbourhood has been undergoing redevelopment since the early 2010s.

Griffintown is the portion of the ward of St. Ann north of the Lachine Canal; the part south of the canal is now part of Pointe-Saint-Charles. This part of the ward was delimited by Notre-Dame Street to the north, the Bonaventure Expressway to the east, and a short segment of the city limit between Notre-Dame Street and the canal west of the St. Gabriel Locks to the west. It was the earliest and largest faubourg annexed to Old Montreal before the introduction of the tram car in the 1840s.

Quebec Autoroute 10
Autoroute 10 (A-10) is an Autoroute of Quebec in Canada that links greater Montreal to key population centres in Montérégie and Estrie, including Brossard, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Granby and Sherbrooke.

The A-10 also provides access to popular winter resorts at Bromont, Owl's Head, Mont Sutton and Mont Orford. Motorists travelling on the A-10 can see eight of nine Monteregian Hills: Mount Royal, Mont Saint-Bruno, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Mont Saint-Grégoire, Mont Rougemont, Mont Yamaska, Mont Shefford and Mont Brome. The ninth, Mont Mégantic is located beyond the eastern terminus of the autoroute.
Jin Jing
Jin Jing (Chinese: 金晶; pinyin: Jīn Jīng; born 1981 in Hefei, Anhui, China) is a Chinese female Paralympic fencer. She was a torchbearer carrying the Olympic torch amid political protests during the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay in Paris, France.  According to ABC News, she fended off protestors who "threw themselves" at her; most were wrestled away by French police but at least one reached her wheelchair and tried to wrench the torch away.  Jin has gained national fame in China because of the incident, but was attacked on Chinese internet bulletin boards for her stance in the following call to boycott French retailer Carrefour that resulted from public anger toward France. In contrast, Western media concentrated on how the incident involving Jin Jing ignited Chinese nationalism and claimed that the incident was exploited for propaganda purposes by the state media.

Carrefour
Carrefour Group, S.A. (French: Groupe Carrefour, [kaʁfuʁ] ⓘ), is a French multinational retail and wholesaling corporation headquartered in Massy, France. It operates a chain of hypermarkets, grocery stores and convenience stores. By 2024, the group had 14,000 stores in 40 countries. It is the seventh-largest retailer in the world by revenue.
Jon Kabat-Zinn
Jon Kabat-Zinn (born Jon Kabat, June 5, 1944) is an American professor emeritus of medicine and the creator of the Stress Reduction Clinic and the Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care, and Society at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. Kabat-Zinn was a student of Zen Buddhist teachers such as Philip Kapleau, Thich Nhat Hanh, and Seung Sahn, and a founding member of Cambridge Zen Center. His practice of hatha yoga, Vipassanā and appreciation of the teachings of Soto Zen and Advaita Vedanta led him to integrate their teachings with scientific findings. He teaches mindfulness, which he says can help people cope with stress, anxiety, pain, and illness. The stress reduction program created by Kabat-Zinn, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), is offered by medical centers, hospitals, and health maintenance organizations, and is described in his book Full Catastrophe Living.

Philip Kapleau
Philip Kapleau (August 20, 1912 – May 6, 2004) was an American Zen Buddhist teacher. He trained in the Harada–Yasutani tradition, which is rooted in Japanese Sōtō and incorporates Rinzai-school koan study. He established Rochester Zen Center, which grew to become one of the most influential Zen communities in the West. His independent lineage includes teachers active in the USA, Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, Sweden, Finland, Germany, the UK and New Zealand.
Jon Lyng
Jon Lyng (19 April 1945 – 16 February 2003) was a Norwegian lawyer and politician for the Conservative Party.

He was born in London as a son of John Lyng. A lawyer by profession, he is best known as the defender of Arne Treholt in 1984–1985, together with Andreas Arntzen and Ulf Underland. In politics, he was a State Secretary in the Ministry of Justice and the Police from 1985 to 1986. He was a member of Oslo city council from 1983 to 1991, and chaired his local party branch from 1992 to 1996. He was also chair of Oslo Kinematografer from 1988 to 1991 and 1996 to 2003.

John Lyng
John Daniel Lyng (ⓘ; 22 August 1905 – 18 January 1978) was a Norwegian politician from the Conservative Party. He was the prime minister of Norway from 28 August to 25 September 1963 in a coalition government consisting of the Conservative, Centre, Christian Democratic, and Liberal parties.  It was the first government in 28 years that was not headed by the Labour Party.
2024 Washington Public Lands Commissioner election
The 2024 Washington Public Lands Commissioner election was held on November 5, 2024. Democrat Dave Upthegrove, a King County councilmember, defeated Republican Jaime Herrera Beutler, a former U.S. Representative from Washington's 3rd congressional district. The top-two primary was held on August 6. Incumbent Public Lands Commissioner Hilary Franz, elected in 2016 and re-elected in 2020, did not seek a third term, opting to run instead for governor.

The primary saw a close race with the Democratic vote split across five candidates, causing a recount in order to determine the winners and narrowly avoiding a lockout for the Democratic Party.

2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington were held on November 5, 2024, to elect the ten U.S. representatives from the State of Washington, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections took place on August 6, 2024.
Borssum, Emden
Borssum or Borßum is a village in Lower Saxony, Germany. Together with the village of Hilmarsum it forms a district (Stadtteil) of Emden. The East Frisian village on the Eems is located southeast of the city.

The history of Borssum dates back to the seventh century. It originated from two centres, Groß-Borssum and Klein-Borssum, both of which had a borg. Today, the Westerburg School and the Osterburg School are located on the location of both buildings.

The historic village with a church from the thirteenth century, has grown into one of the larger districts of Emden, especially after the Second World War.

Emden
Emden (German pronunciation: [ˈɛmdn̩] ⓘ) is an independent town and seaport in Lower Saxony in the north-west of Germany and lies on the River Ems, close to the Netherlands border. It is the main town in the region of East Frisia and had a total population of 50,535 in 2022.