hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Culturology
Culturology or the science of culture is a branch of the social sciences concerned with the scientific understanding, description, analysis, and prediction of cultures as a whole. While ethnology and anthropology studied different cultural practices, such studies included diverse aspects: sociological, psychological, etc., and the need was recognized  for a discipline focused exclusively on cultural aspects.

Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Ancient Greek: ἔθνος, ethnos meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
West Coast Sentinel
The West Coast Sentinel is a weekly newspaper published Thursdays in Ceduna, South Australia. It was founded in mid-1912, and has been published continuously since then. It was later sold to Rural Press, previously owned by Fairfax Media, but now an Australian media company trading as Australian Community Media.

Ceduna, South Australia
Ceduna (/səˈdjuːnə/ sə-DEW-nə) is a town in South Australia located on the shores of Murat Bay on the coast, west of the Eyre Peninsula. It lies west of the junction of the Flinders and Eyre Highways around 786 km northwest of Adelaide. The nearby port of Thevenard lies 3 km to the west on Cape Thevenard.  It is in the District Council of Ceduna, the federal electoral Division of Grey, and the state electoral district of Flinders.

The name Ceduna is a local Aboriginal Wirangu word, alternatively phoneticized as Chedoona, thought to mean a place to sit down and rest.

The town is a fishing port and a railway hub.
MEAI
MEAI, also known as 5-methoxy-2-aminoindane (5-MeO-AI) and by its developmental code name CMND-100, is an entactogen-like psychoactive drug of the 2-aminoindane family. It is a cyclized phenethylamine and is the 2-aminoindane analogue of 3-methoxyamphetamine. The drug acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine releasing agent (SNRA) or as a modestly selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA), with about 6-fold preference for induction of serotonin over norepinephrine release. MEAI has been encountered as a novel designer recreational drug. It is also under development for potential medical use in the treatment of alcoholism, cocaine use disorder, metabolic syndrome, and obesity.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
FC Lokomotiv Dryanovo
FC Lokomotiv Dryanovo (Bulgarian: ФК Локомотив Дряново) is a Bulgarian football club from the town of Dryanovo, currently playing in the A RFG, the fourth tier of Bulgarian football. Its home matches take place at the Stadion Lokomotiv with a 3,500-seat capacity. Club colors are red and black.

The club was officially founded in 1927, after the merging of FC Boyuv Yaz and FC Old Hero. In 1958, the club was a Bulgarian champion of the railwaymen. The club played in this tournament again in 2010. In 1993/94, Lokomotiv Dryanovo qualified for Round of 16 of the Bulgarian Cup, but were eliminated by FC Chirpan after 0–0 in the first leg and 0–3 in the second leg. Plamen Nikolov, Martin Kushev and Stanislav Genchev all are players whose career began at Lokomotiv. In 2005, Lokomotiv Dryanovo went bankrupt, but one year later the club was restored by Georgi Valev.

Bulgarian Cup
The Bulgarian Cup (Bulgarian: Купа на България, romanized: Kupa na Bŭlgariya) is a Bulgarian annual football competition. It is the country's main cup competition and all officially registered Bulgarian football teams take part in it.

The tournament's format is single-elimination, with all matches being one-legged, except the semi-finals. The competition's winner gets the right to take part in the UEFA Europa League. If the winner has already secured a place through the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, the team that has come fourth in the championship substitutes it.

The competition has been dominated by Sofia-based clubs. They have won together a total number of 65 titles. The three most successful clubs are Levski Sofia (26 cups), CSKA Sofia (21 cups) and Slavia Sofia (8 cups). The current cup holders are Ludogorets Razgrad, who beat CSKA Sofia 1–0 in the 2025 final.
Grey-backed sparrow-lark
The grey-backed sparrow-lark (Eremopterix verticalis) or grey-backed finch-lark is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is found in southern and south-central Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. Sometimes, the name 'grey-backed sparrow-lark' is also used to describe the black-eared sparrow-lark.

Lark
Larks are passerine birds of the family Alaudidae. Larks have a cosmopolitan distribution with the largest number of species occurring in Africa. Only a single species, the horned lark, occurs in North America, and only Horsfield's bush lark occurs in Australia.  Habitats vary widely, but many species live in drier regions.  When the word "lark" is used without specification, it often refers to the Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis).
Oldtown, County Dublin
Oldtown (Irish: An tSeanbhaile) is a population centre and townland in County Dublin, Ireland. The R122 road runs through the village linking Balbriggan and Naul to St Margaret's and Dublin Airport. It is in the civil parish of Clonmethan and the local government area of Fingal.

Naul, County Dublin
Naul (Irish: An Aill, meaning 'The Cliff', also known as "The Naul"), is a village, townland, and civil parish at the northern edge of the traditional County Dublin (in the modern county of Fingal) in Ireland. The Delvin River to the north of the village marks the county boundary with County Meath. Naul civil parish is in the historic barony of Balrothery West.
Newton, Greater Manchester
Newton is an area of Hyde, in the Tameside district, in Greater Manchester, England; it occupies a narrow strip of land from the River Tame, near Newton Hall, to Matley, between Hyde and Dukinfield.

Newton can be divided into four separate parts:

Newton Green

Flowery Field

Newton Moor

Newton

The former site of Shaw Hall factory lies on Matley Lane.

Matley
Matley is a semi-rural area in the Tameside, Greater Manchester, England. It was formerly a civil parish in Cheshire between 1866 and 1936, when the parish was abolished and the area divided between Dukinfield, Hyde, Longdendale and Stalybridge.
Thioredoxin reductase
Thioredoxin reductases (TR, TrxR) (EC 1.8.1.9) are enzymes that reduce thioredoxin (Trx). Two classes of thioredoxin reductase have been identified: one class in bacteria and some eukaryotes and one in animals. Bacterial TrxR also catalyzes the reduction of glutaredoxin like proteins known as NrdH. Both classes are flavoproteins which function as homodimers.  Each monomer contains a FAD prosthetic group, a NADPH binding domain, and an active site containing a redox-active disulfide bond.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require it as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source'). NADPH is the reduced form, whereas NADP+ is the oxidized form. NADP+ is used by all forms of cellular life. NADP+ is essential for life because it is needed for cellular respiration.

NADP+ differs from NAD+ by the presence of an additional phosphate group on the 2' position of the ribose ring that carries the adenine moiety. This extra phosphate is added by NAD+ kinase and removed by NADP+ phosphatase.
Taijul Islam
Taijul Islam (Bengali: তাইজুল ইসলাম; born 7 February 1992) is a Bangladeshi left-arm orthodox spinner who plays for the Bangladesh national cricket team. He made his international debut for Bangladesh in September 2014.

Taijul Islam was selected for Bangladesh A after a strong 2013–14 domestic season, and went on to make his Test debut for Bangladesh on its 2014 tour of the West Indies. He took a five-wicket haul on debut, and, when Zimbabwe toured Bangladesh later in the year, took figures of 8/39, the best figures by any Bangladeshi at Test level. He made his ODI debut later in the series, and took a hat-trick, becoming the first ever player to do so on debut.

Bangladesh A cricket team
The Bangladesh A cricket team, also known as Bangladesh Emerging cricket team, is a cricket team representing Bangladesh, and is the second tier of international Bangladeshi cricket, below the full Bangladesh men's national cricket team. The team played its first game against the Pakistan national team, at Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protisthan Cricket Ground on 5 January 2002.
Pagliata
Pagliata (or, in Romanesco dialect, pajata) is a traditional Roman dish primarily using the intestine of a young calf (tripe). As it has only eaten milk, the resulting dish is similar to cheese in a sausage casing.

It is usually plaited for serving.

Romanesco dialect
Romanesco (Italian pronunciation: [romaˈnesko]) is one of the Central Italian dialects spoken in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, especially in the core city. It is linguistically close to Tuscan and Standard Italian, with some notable differences from these two. Rich in vivid expressions and sayings, Romanesco is used in a typical diglossic setting, mainly for informal/colloquial communication, with code-switching and translanguaging with the standard language.
Holliston, Massachusetts
Holliston is a New England town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States in the Greater Boston area. The population was 14,996 at the 2020 census. It is located in MetroWest, a Massachusetts region that is west of Boston. Holliston is the only town in Middlesex County that borders both Norfolk and Worcester counties.

Milford, Massachusetts
Milford is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 30,379 according to the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. First settled in 1662 and incorporated in 1780, Milford became a booming industrial and quarrying community in the 19th century due to its unique location which includes the nearby source of the Charles River, the Mill River, the Blackstone River watershed, and large quantities of Milford pink granite.
2021 St. Paul Park refinery strike
The 2021 St. Paul Park refinery strike was a labor dispute in St. Paul Park, Minnesota, United States. The strike, involving approximately 200 workers, took place at an oil refinery owned by Marathon Petroleum and began on January 21, 2021, with members of Local 120 of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters alleging unfair labor practices and unsafe working conditions. According to union representatives, the strike was originally intended to last for one day, but that the company performed a lockout on the workers. While the company denies that the dispute is a lockout, multiple sources, including the Star Tribune and the news agency Reuters, described the dispute as a lockout.

International Brotherhood of Teamsters
The International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) is a labor union in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1903 by the merger of the Team Drivers International Union and the Teamsters National Union, the union now represents a diverse membership of blue- and white-collar workers in both the public and private sectors, totalling about 1.3 million members in 2015. The union was formerly called the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America.
Oridathu
Oridathu (1987) is an Indian Malayalam satirical drama film written and directed by G. Aravindan. Nedumudi Venu, Sreenivasan, Thilakan, Vineeth, Krishnankutty Nair, Chandran Nair and Soorya form the cast. The story is about the problems faced by the people of a hamlet where electricity is unavailable when electric supply finally reaches there. The film reaches the conclusion that life is better without electricity. The indefinability of the human mind is the theme of the film. Though the film is discussing a serious issue, the treatment of it is very simplistic. Humour and intensity characterise the film that is set in the mid-fifties. The film is different from many of Aravindan's earlier works in that it deals with a broad range of characters and lacks a clear-cut linear story. It became a major critical success and earned the best director awards for Aravindan at the state and national film awards.

Thilakan
Palappurathu Keshavan Surendranatha Thilakan (15 July 1935 – 24 September 2012), known mononymously as Thilakan, was an Indian film and stage actor who appeared in over 200 Malayalam films. Spanning more than five decades, Thilakan’s acting career was marked by critical acclaim for his versatility and powerful screen presence. He won several major honours including the Padma Shri (2009) from the Government of India, multiple National Film Awards and numerous Kerala State Film Awards, becoming the most frequent winner of the Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor.

Thilakan was known for his elaborate method acting and realistic, spontaneous performances and is widely regarded as one of the greatest actors in Indian cinema, whose style influenced generations of Malayalam actors and audience.
Lee on the Beats
Anthony Leedel Norris (born February 11, 1990) is an American hip hop record producer and songwriter, professionally known as Lee on the Beats. Lee has produced for artists such as Lil Wayne, DJ Khaled, Kid Ink, Ace Hood, French Montana, Rick Ross, Meek Mill and Freeway, among others. In 2013, Lee was signed to DJ Khaled's We the Best Music Group. He is best known for producing French Montana’s “Pop That” and co-producing Khaled’s “Do You Mind”.

We the Best Music Group
We the Best Music Group is an American record label founded by DJ Khaled in 2008. Named after one of Khaled's catchphrases, it has operated as an imprint of Def Jam Recordings since 2023. Previously, the label operated an imprint of Island Def Jam's division Def Jam South (2008–2011), Universal Republic's division Cash Money Records (2011–2015), and Sony Music's division Epic Records (2016–2022). Artists who have signed to We the Best include Khaled himself, Ace Hood, Mavado, Steph Lecor, Kent Jones, Flipp Dinero, and Vado among others.
Victor A. Vyssotsky
Victor Alexander Vyssotsky (February 26, 1931 – December 24, 2012) was a mathematician and computer scientist. He was the technical head of the Multics project at Bell Labs and later executive director of Research in the Information Systems Division of AT&T Bell Labs. Multics, whilst not particularly commercially successful in itself, directly inspired Ken Thompson to develop Unix. Later, Vyssotsky was the founding director of Digital's Cambridge Research Lab.

In 1960, Vyssotsky co-created the BLODI Block Diagram Compiler at Bell Labs. In 1961, together with Robert Morris Sr. and Doug McIlroy, he devised the computer game Darwin (later known as Core War) on an IBM 7090 at Bell Labs.

Ken Thompson
Kenneth Lane Thompson (born February 4, 1943) is an American pioneer of computer science. Thompson worked at Bell Labs for most of his career where he designed and implemented the original Unix operating system. He also invented the B programming language, the direct predecessor to the C language, and was one of the creators and early developers of the Plan 9 operating system. Other notable contributions included his work on regular expressions and early computer text editors QED and ed, the definition of the UTF-8 encoding, and his work on computer chess that included the creation of endgame tablebases and the chess machine Belle.

Since 2006, Thompson has worked at Google, where he co-developed the Go language. In 1983, he won the Turing Award with his long-term colleague Dennis Ritchie. He is considered one of the greatest computer programmers of all time.
Barrio Vila railway station
Barrio Vila is a former train station in Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. It is located in the west of the city, in the neighbourhood of Belgrano. Private company Nuevo Central Argentino which runs freight trains on the line, but the station does not have operation since its closure in 1977.

Nuevo Central Argentino
Nuevo Central Argentino S. A. (abbreviated NCA) is an Argentine company that utilises the operation and infrastructure of the national railway system of the former Mitre Railway division of Ferrocarriles Argentinos, by a concession granted on 23 December 1992 as part of railway privatisation carried out during the presidency of Carlos Menem.

NCA operates about 5,000 km of 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) Indian gauge cargo railroad lines in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán. Its headquarters are located in Rosario (province of Santa Fe); its warehouses are located in Rosario, in nearby Villa Gobernador Gálvez, and in Villa María (province of Córdoba). There are also operational centers in Colombres and Córdoba City, and transfer (truck changing?) centers in the city of Tucumán and in Retiro, Buenos Aires.

NCA, which is owned by Aceitera General Deheza S.A., carried 7,408,914 tonnes of freight in 2014.
Chak Ting Fung
Chak Ting Fung (Chinese: 翟廷峯; pinyin: Zhái Tíngfēng; Cantonese Yale: Jaahk Tìngfūng; born 27 November 1989) is a Hong Kong professional footballer who currently plays as a right back or a left back for Hong Kong Premier League club Southern.

Hong Kong Premier League
The Hong Kong Premier League (Chinese: 香港超級聯賽) is a Hong Kong professional football league organised by the Football Association of Hong Kong. It is currently sponsored by the BOC Life and officially known as the BOC Life Hong Kong Premier League (Chinese: 中銀人壽香港超級聯賽). The inaugural season began in September 2014. It is the top-division football league in Hong Kong.
Ystrad Mynach railway station
Ystrad Mynach railway station is a railway station serving the town of Ystrad Mynach, south Wales. It is a stop on the Rhymney Line of the Valley Lines network.

The nearest bus interchange is Blackwood Interchange, 4 miles (6.4 km) away. From 2020, the rail linc bus (901) that links with the train no longer operated. It operated to Maesycwmmer, Pontllanfraith, and ended at Blackwood.

Rhymney railway station
Rhymney railway station serves the town of Rhymney in Wales. Situated on the Valley Lines network 23 miles (37 km) north of Cardiff Central, it is the terminus of the Rhymney Line.  The station has sidings to the west of its single platform which are used for the overnight stabling of the diesel multiple unit trains.
Ismaël Coulibaly
Ismaël Coulibaly (born 20 November 1992) is a Malian taekwondo practitioner who mainly fights in the lightweight division. Coulibaly represented Mali at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, where he competed in the men's 80kg competition. He was Mali's flag bearer for the closing ceremony of the 2016 Olympics. He has also competed in three World Taekwondo Championships, a World Taekwondo Grand Prix and two African Games. He has won multiple World Championship medals and multiple medals in African regional competitions.

2016 Summer Olympics closing ceremony flag bearers
During the closing ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, the flag bearers of 207 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) arrived into Maracanã Stadium. The flags of each country were not necessarily carried by the same flag bearer as in the opening ceremony.
Eddie Imazu
Edwin Yasuhei Imazu (Japanese: 今津 安平, 12 November 1897 – 29 May 1979) was a Japanese-American art director and production designer, whose 50-year career in Hollywood included television and movie credits. A 1936 Academy Award co-nominee for best art direction on The Great Ziegfeld, Imazu worked with Hollywood actors including Spencer Tracy, John Wayne and Marlon Brando. He was born in Yamaguchi, Japan and died in Los Angeles.

Yamaguchi (city)
Yamaguchi (山口市, Yamaguchi-shi) is the capital city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 191,470 in 88,799 households and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,023.23 square kilometres (395.07 sq mi).
Ram Shah
Ram Shah (Nepali: राम शाह; reign before 1606 – 1636) was a king of the Gorkha Kingdom (present-day Gorkha District, Nepal). He was the son of Gorkha king Purna Shah and brother of Chatra Shah. He acceded to the throne c. 1606 after his brother's death. He expanded his kingdom as far as the Trishuli River to the east, the Marshyangdi to the west, the Rasuwa to the north, and the Mahabharat Range to the west.

Shah was known as the "great conqueror" and "conscientious". He brought many changes to the Gorkha Kingdom, including fixed and uniform weights and measures, criminal codes, created a fixed rate of interest and built the Newar architecture palace Gorkha Palace. His statue is displayed at his Chautari where he used to administer justice to the people.

Rasuwa District
Rasuwa District (Nepali: रसुवा जिल्लाListenⓘ is one of 13 districts of Bagmati Province and one of seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Dhunche, Gosaikunda Rural Municipality as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,544 km2 (596 sq mi) and has a population (2011) of 43,300. Its District Post Office (DPO) has a Rasuwa DPO code of 45000. There are five post offices in the district.  As per census 2011 total households in Rasuwa district were 9,778. It is the smallest district by area, among 16 districts in the Himalaya region of Nepal.
Estadio Alfredo Harp Helú
Estadio Alfredo Harp Helú (English: Alfredo Harp Helú Stadium) is a baseball stadium in Mexico City, located within the Magdalena Mixhuca Sports City in the Iztacalco borough. It is the ballpark of Mexican League's Diablos Rojos del México. Inaugurated on 23 March 2019, the stadium has a capacity of 20,062 seats.

The stadium hosts the MLB Mexico City Series. In December 2019, Major League Baseball (MLB) announced it would hold two games at the stadium in April 2020 between the San Diego Padres and the Arizona Diamondbacks. These games were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The first MLB games played at the stadium were on 29 and 30 April 2023 between the San Diego Padres and the San Francisco Giants. These were the first regular season MLB games in Mexico City.

The ballpark was named for the Diablos Rojos owner Alfredo Harp Helú and it is nicknamed Diamante de Fuego (English: The Fire Diamond).

Magdalena Mixhuca Sports City
The Magdalena Mixhuca Sports City is an Olympic Park which was used during the 1968 Summer Olympics. Found in the area of Mexico City known as the Magdalena Mixhuca, the park continues to serve as a venue for cultural, social, worship and sport events. The Park is administered by the government of Mexico City.

It contains numerous sports venues, most notably the Sport Palace and it has hosted important events, most prominently the 1968 Summer Olympics.
Thanks for Knocking Me Down
Thanks for Knocking Me Down (Hungarian: Köszönöm, hogy elgázolt) is a 1935 Hungarian romantic comedy film directed by Emil Martonffy and starring Ida Turay, Pál Jávor and Antal Páger. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Márton Vincze.

Antal Páger (actor)
Antal Páger (29 January 1899 – 14 December 1986) was a Hungarian film actor. He appeared in 155 films between 1932 and 1986. He won the award for Best Actor at the 1964 Cannes Film Festival for his role in Drama of the Lark. He was married to the actress Júlia Komár from 1933 to 1961.
He emigrated from Hungary in 1945 and returned in summer of 1956.