hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Königsberg
The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian offensive during World War II.  In four days of urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg, present day Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city.  Heavy fighting took place for control of overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line in the eastern front. The battle ended when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.

3rd Belorussian Front
The 3rd Belorussian Front (Russian: 3-й Белорусский фронт) was a Front of the Red Army during the Second World War.

The 3rd Belorussian Front was created on 24 April 1944 from forces previously assigned to the Western Front. Over 381 days in combat, the 3rd Belorussian Front suffered 166,838 killed, 9,292 missing, and 667,297 wounded, sick and frostbitten personnel while advancing from the region some 50 kilometers southeast of Vitebsk in Russia to Königsberg in East Prussia.

Operations the 3rd Belorussian Front took part in include the Belorussian Offensive Operation, the Baltic Offensive Operation and the East Prussian Offensive Operation. Although costly, the advance of the 3rd Belorussian Front was in great part victorious, with one of the few defeats occurring during the Gumbinnen Operation in October 1944.

3rd Belorussian Front was formally disbanded on 15 August  1945.
Mitanni Letter
The Mitanni Letter is a term used in historiography to refer to a document written in the Hurrian language by the Mitanni king Tushratta, dating from the first half of the 14th century BCE. The letter was discovered in 1887 in Amarna. Originally, it consisted of 494 lines, but only 466 lines have been preserved either in whole or in fragments. The content of the letter pertains to matters related to the marriage of Tushratta's daughter, Tadukhipa, to Amenhotep III. The Mitanni Letter is one of the primary sources for the analysis of the Hurrian language.

Tadukhipa
Tadukhipa (in the Hurrian language Tadu-Hepa), was a princess of the Mitanni kingdom. She was the daughter of King Tushratta of Mitanni and his queen Juni, and the niece of Artashumara. Tadukhipa's aunt Gilukhipa (sister of Tushratta) had married Pharaoh Amenhotep III in his 10th regnal year. Tadukhipa was to marry Amenhotep III more than two decades later.
Kusruthi Kuruppu
Kusruthi Kuruppu (transl. Mischievous Kurup) is a 1998 Indian Malayalam-language comedy-drama film directed by Venugopan and written by Rafi Mecartin. The film stars Jayaram, Meena, Jagathy Sreekumar, Innocent and KPAC Lalitha in the lead roles. The film has musical score by Johnson. The film was a box office success.

Johnson (composer)
Thattil Antony Johnson (26 March 1953 – 18 August 2011), popularly known as Johnson Master, was an Indian film score composer and music director.  Regarded as one of the finest composers in the industry, he was noted for his lyrical and expressive melodies together with simple but rich tonal compositions of thematic music. Johnson is a recipient of National Film Awards twice and Kerala State Film Awards five times. He has composed music for more than 300 Malayalam films, the most by any composer except for G. Devarajan. He was the first music director from Malayalam cinema to be honoured with the National film Awards.He composed music for some of the most important motion pictures of Malayalam cinema, including Koodevide, Namukku Paarkkan Munthiri Thoppukal, Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam, Vadakkunokkiyantram, Perumthachan, Njan Gandharvan, Ponthan Mada, and Bhoothakkannadi.
Rabindra Sarani
Rabindra Sarani, earlier known as Chitpur Road, is a street located in the Indian metropolitan city of Kolkata. In the past, it formed part of the larger Pilgrim path used by devotees traveling to Kalighat. After the independence of India, a portion of it was renamed in honor of Rabindranath Tagore, the country's national poet. The street predates the metropolis it now runs through.

The street is home to several historic buildings and landmarks. During the Siege of Calcutta, the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, entered Kolkata through this street. Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha here, and the city's earliest stage drama was performed at the Clock House located along this road, where the Calcutta National Theatrical Society staged Nil Darpan. Tagore’s birthplace Jorasanko Thakur Bari, and the Nakhoda Mosque, built in the style of Akbar's tomb, are situated near this road.

Nil Darpan
Nil Darpan (Bengali: নীল দর্পণ, The Indigo Mirror) is a Bengali-language play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was essential to Nil Vidroha, better known as the Indigo Revolt of February–March 1859 in Bengal, when farmers refused to sow indigo in their fields to protest against exploitative working conditions during the period of Company rule. It was also essential to the development of theatre in Bengal and influenced Girish Chandra Ghosh, who in 1872 would establish the National Theatre in Calcutta (Kolkata), where the first play ever commercially staged was Nildarpan.
Nikao–Panama
Nikao–Panama is a Cook Islands electoral division returning one member to the Cook Islands Parliament.

The electorate was created in 1981, when the Constitution Amendment (No. 9) Act 1980–1981 adjusted electorate boundaries and split the electorate of Te-au-o-tonga into four. In 1986 by the Constitution Amendment (No. 12) Act 1986 transferred the tapere of Atupa to Avatiu–Ruatonga–Palmerston. It consists of the tapere of Pokoinu, Nikao, Puapuautu, Areanu, and Kaikaveka on the island of Rarotonga.

Avatiu–Ruatonga–Palmerston
Avatiu–Ruatonga–Palmerston or RAPPA is a Cook Islands electoral division returning one member to the Cook Islands Parliament.

The electorate was created in 1981, when the Constitution Amendment (No. 9) Act 1980–1981 adjusted electorate boundaries and split the electorate of Te-au-o-tonga into four. It was further expanded in 1986 by the Constitution Amendment (No. 12) Act 1986. It consists of the tapere of Atupa, Avatiu and Ruatonga on the island of Rarotonga, as well as Palmerston Island.
Charles Levinge Gregory
Charles Levinge Gregory CB CMG (22 August 1870 – 24 July 1944) was an officer in the British Army and a Major-General in the British Indian Army.

After graduating from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Gregory was initially commissioned in the Royal Irish Fusiliers but soon after transferred to the Indian Army's 19th Lancers (Fane's Horse).

He served on campaigns on the North West Frontier and in the First World War, at first in France on the Western Front and then in the Sinai and Palestine campaign, during which he commanded the 9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade and the 11th Cavalry Brigade. After the war he commanded the 4th (Meerut) Cavalry Brigade in India before retiring in 1923.

9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade
The Secunderabad Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1907 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms.  It was mobilized as 9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War and departed for France.  It served on the Western Front as part of the 1st and 2nd Indian Cavalry Divisions until it was broken up in March 1918.
The Flying Marine
The Flying Marine is a 1929 American sound part-talkie action film directed by Albert S. Rogell and starring Ben Lyon, Shirley Mason and Jason Robards Sr. In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles. The soundtrack was recorded using the Western Electric sound-on-film system.

The film centers around a tale of brothers romancing the same girl.

Jason Robards Sr.
Jason Nelson Robards Sr.  (December 31, 1892 – April 4, 1963) was an American actor. Robards was the father of the actor Jason Robards. He appeared in many films, initially as a leading man, followed by occasional bit parts. Most of his final roles were in television.
Auditorium of the Old Burgtheater
Auditorium of the Old Burgtheater (German: Zuschauerraum im Alten Burgtheater) is a 1888–1889 gouache on paper painting by Austrian artist Gustav Klimt. The work depicts the interior of the old Burgtheater as seen from the stage and was commissioned in 1888 by the Vienna City Council shortly before the theater's demolition and relocation to a new building on the Ringstrasse. Today, the painting is held in the Vienna Museum.

Ringstrasse
The Ringstrasse or Ringstraße (pronounced [ʁɪŋˌʃtʁaːsə] ⓘ, lit. ring road) is a 5.3 km (3.3 mi) circular grand boulevard that serves as a ring road around the historic city centre, the Innere Stadt, of Vienna, Austria. The road is built where the city walls once stood. The Ring, as it is colloquially known, was built, along with grand buildings on either side of the road, in the second half of the 19th century. The road runs clockwise, from the Urania to the Schottenring, and is divided into nine parts.

Because of its architectural beauty and history, the Ringstrasse is designated by UNESCO as part of the Historic Centre of Vienna World Heritage Site.
Samodiva (folklore)
The samodiva (Bulgarian: самодива; plural: samodivi, Bulgarian: самодиви), samovila (Bulgarian: самовила; plural: samovili, Bulgarian: самовили) or vila (Bulgarian: вила; plural: vili, Bulgarian: вили), are woodland fairies or nymphs found in South and West Slavic folklore.

Slavic folklore
Slavic folklore encompasses the folklore of the Slavic peoples from their earliest records until today. Folklorists have published a variety of works focused specifically on the topic over the years.

There are few written records of pagan Slavic beliefs; research of the pre-Christian Slavic beliefs is challenging due to a stark class divide between nobility and peasantry who worshipped separate deities. Many Christian beliefs were later integrated and synthesized into Slavic folklore.
Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia
Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia (SS 1) is an Italian state highway 697.3 kilometres (433.3 mi) long in Italy located in the regions of Lazio, Tuscany and Liguria. It is one of the most important state highways in Italy and derives from an ancient Roman consular road, the Via Aurelia. It connects Rome with France following the coast of Tyrrhenian Sea and Ligurian Sea and touching nine provincial capitals as well as important tourist locations. It constitutes a section of the European route E80 from Tarquinia to Rosignano Marittimo.

Rosignano Marittimo
Rosignano Marittimo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 80 kilometres (50 miles) southwest of Florence and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Livorno.
Daniel Singh
Daniel J. Singh (born 1997) is an American politician serving as a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives in the 61st district. Elected in November 2022 for the first time, he assumed office on January 2, 2023.

Wyoming House of Representatives
The Wyoming House of Representatives is the lower house of the Wyoming State Legislature. There are 62 Representatives in the House, representing an equal number of single-member constituent districts across the state, each with a population of at least 9,000. The House convenes at the Wyoming State Capitol in Cheyenne.

Members of the House serve two year terms without term limits. Term limits were declared unconstitutional by the Wyoming Supreme Court in 2004, overturning a decade-old law that had restricted Representatives to six terms (twelve years).

The current Speaker of the House is Chip Neiman.
Lessons Learned (song)
"Lessons Learned" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Lawrence.  It was released in November 1999 as the first single and title track from his album of the same name.  It peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart and at number 3 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks.  Lawrence wrote the song with Larry Boone and Paul Nelson.

Larry Boone
Larry Eugene Boone (born June 7, 1956) is an American country music artist and songwriter.  Between 1985 and 1993, Boone recorded five major label studio albums, in addition to charting several singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles charts. His highest-charting single, "Don't Give Candy to a Stranger", reached No. 10 in 1988. Boone has also co-written several singles for other country music artists, including a Number One single for Kathy Mattea, and Top Ten hits for Don Williams, Tracy Lawrence, Rick Trevino and Lonestar.
Kajjik
The kajjik or kajjikk is a traditional fishing boat from Malta. It developed in the 17th century from caïques which were used elsewhere in the Mediterranean. In the past, kajjikki were equipped with sails and oars, but today the fishing boats are powered by inboard motors. Variants of the boat participate in the rowing regattas held twice every year.

Maltese National Regatta
The Maltese National Regatta is a fixed-seat rowing regatta held bi-annually on 31 March Freedom Day  to commemorate the withdrawal of the British troops and the Royal Navy from Malta and on 8 September Victory Day respectively. The Regatta pitches 8 participants against each other over 11 Malta Traditional Regatta Races of 1,040 meters each spanning two categories and the women race. The Regatta is held in the Grand Harbour and being a national event, it draws thousands of spectators year after year.
Markovian Parallax Denigrate
Markovian Parallax Denigrate is the name given to an internet mystery involving a series of hundreds of messages posted to Usenet in 1996. The texts have the appearance of gibberish.

The posts are often mentioned in conjunction with other bizarre and/or unsolved internet mysteries, such as Sad Satan, Cicada 3301 and the Publius Enigma. In 2012, Kevin Morris of The Daily Dot referred to the messages as "the Internet's oldest and weirdest mystery". It has also been described by Popmech.ru as "one of the first great mysteries of the Internet".

The Daily Dot
The Daily Dot is a digital media company covering the culture of the Internet and the World Wide Web. It was founded by Nicholas White in 2011, and is headquartered in Austin, Texas.

The site, conceived as the Internet's "hometown newspaper", focuses on topics such as streaming entertainment, geek culture, memes, gadgets and social issues, such as LGBT, gender and race. In addition, an e-commerce arm produces branded video for advertisers and sells items from an online marketplace.
Henry Skaggs
Henry Skaggs (January 8, 1724 – December 4, 1810. Occasional alternative spellings: "Skeggs" and "Scaggs") was an American longhunter, explorer, and pioneer, active primarily on the frontiers of Tennessee and Kentucky during the latter half of the 18th century. His career as an explorer began as early as 1761 as one of what was known as longhunters—men who undertook lengthy hunting expeditions into the Trans-Allegheny wilderness. Then working as a land agent with Richard Henderson and Daniel Boone, he explored a large part of Middle Tennessee and central Kentucky. Skaggs led a pursuit and failed attempt to apprehend America's first known serial killers, the Harpe brothers in 1799.

Harpe brothers
Micajah "Big" Harpe, born Joshua Harper (before 1768 – August 24, 1799), and Wiley "Little" Harpe, born William Harper (before 1770 – February 8, 1804), were American murderers, highwaymen and river pirates who operated in Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Mississippi and along the Natchez Trace in the late 18th century. They are often considered the earliest documented serial killers in  United States history.

Loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution, the Harpes became outlaws after the war and began robbing and killing settlers in the remote frontier west of the Appalachian Mountains. They are believed to have killed 39 people, and possibly as many as 50. As the Harpes' crimes gained notoriety, vigilante groups formed to avenge their victims, and they were eventually tracked down and executed around the turn of the century. Their savagery has since entered American folklore, appearing to have been motivated more by blood lust than financial gain.
Jack Biddle (politician)
Jack Biddle III (February 7, 1930 – February 18, 2024) was an American politician who served in the Alabama Legislature for 32 years, in the Alabama House of Representatives from 1974 to 1994, and the Alabama Senate from 1994 to 2006. Biddle was the first and only person to be elected to the Alabama state legislature as a Democratic, Republican, and independent representative at different points in his tenure.

Alabama House of Representatives
The Alabama House of Representatives is the lower house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of state of Alabama. The House is composed of 105 members representing an equal number of districts, with each constituency containing at least 42,380 citizens. There are no term limits in the House. The House is also one of the five lower houses of state legislatures in the United States that is elected every four years. Other lower houses, including the United States House of Representatives, are elected for a two-year term.

The House meets at the Alabama State House in Montgomery. The speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives is its leader.
Lea Bridge railway station
Lea Bridge is a railway station on the line between Stratford and Tottenham Hale on the Lea Valley Lines, which reopened on 15 May 2016  with the full service beginning on 16 May 2016, operated by Greater Anglia.

The station is located on Argall Way, close to its junction with Lea Bridge Road (A104) and Orient Way, serving the areas of Lea Bridge and Leyton in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, east London. The original station operated from 1840 to 1985 and was accessed via the north side of Lea Bridge Road as it crosses the tracks.

Hertford East railway station
Hertford East railway station is the northern terminus of the Hertford East branch line off the West Anglia Main Line in the east of England, and is located in the town of Hertford in Hertfordshire. It is 24 miles 19 chains (39.0 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is one of two stations in the town, the other being Hertford North on the Hertford Loop Line. Its three-letter station code is HFE.

The station and all trains calling are operated by Greater Anglia.

There are two platforms, although platform number one is generally only used during peak times, during times of disruption and primarily for trains to and from Stratford station.
Ordway Tead
Ordway Tead (10 September 1891 – November 1973) was an American organizational theorist, adjunct professor of industrial relations at Columbia University, chair of the New York Board of Higher Education, first president of the Society for Advancement of Management (SAM), editor and publishing executive, and prolific author on personnel administration and labor relations, organizational management, higher education, and political science.

Society for Advancement of Management
The Society for the Advancement of Management, commonly known as SAM, is the oldest among professional management societies.  On November 11, 1910 colleagues of Frederick W. Taylor met at the New York Athletic Club to discuss and promote the principles of 'scientific management'.

Following two years of discussion groups and informal meetings the group came together and formed the Taylor Society on November 7, 1912.

In 1936 the Taylor Society merged with the Society of Industrial Engineers and new organization undertook the new name.  To date the Society is the world's oldest professional management society.
Sankaradi
Paravoor memana Kanakku Chembakaraman Parameswaran Chandrashekara Menon, better known by his screen name Sankaradi (14 July 1924 – 8 October 2001), was an Indian actor. He was a veteran Malayalam comedian and character artist, who had over 700 Malayalam films to his credit. He dominated the Malayalam film scene in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s as a comedian along with Adoor Bhasi and Bahadoor. Later, he switched to character roles.

Adoor Bhasi
K. Bhaskaran Nair (1 March 1929 – 29 March 1990), professionally credited by his stage name Adoor Bhasi, was an Indian actor and film director. He was mostly cast as a sidekick to protagonists, particularly Prem Nazir. His comedic roles were widely appreciated in Malayalam films of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Bhasi has also done leading and character roles. He directed three Malayalam films in the late 1970s. Bhasi is also known for his eloquent speeches in fluent English. He has won Kerala State Film Awards, including two Best Actor and one Second Best Actor.
Southern Punjab Railway
The Southern Punjab Railway (SPR) was a 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad-gauge railway built to provide a more direct connection from Karachi to Delhi by linking to the original Indus Valley State Railway at Samasata and avoiding the North Western Railway loop via Lahore.

North Western Railway zone
The North Western Railway (abbreviated NWR) is one of 19 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Jaipur. It has a route length of more than 5,761 kilometres (3,580 mi) across the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Haryana. NWR operates international rail service Thar Express from Jodhpur to Karachi. This zone is the key enabler of the Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project by virtue of running railways 1,500 km long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor.
Giancarlo Vilarinho
Giancarlo Vilarinho (born April 2, 1992) is a Brazilian racecar driver from São Paulo.

After karting, Vilarinho raced in Formula BMW Americas and Formula BMW Europe for the Eurointernational team in 2008, finishing sixth in the Americas series and also competed in the World Finals. In 2009, he returned to Eurointernational and Formula BMW Americas and finished second to his teammate Gabby Chaves, capturing seven wins in the process. He also participated in one Star Mazda race for AIM Autosport. With Formula BMW Americas canceled for 2010, Vilarinho sat out much of the season until signing on with Andersen Racing to make his Firestone Indy Lights debut at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course. Vilarinho finished thirteenth at Mid-Ohio and tenth in the race at Infineon Raceway later that month. Those were his final professional auto racing appearances.

Gabby Chaves
Gabriel Chaves (born 7 July 1993) is a Colombian-American racing driver, currently competing in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship and the Michelin Pilot Challenge. He raced in the IndyCar Series and is the 2014 Indy Lights Champion.
Replay Studios
Replay Studios GmbH was a German video game developer based in Hamburg. Founded in 2002 by Marc Moehring and Sascha Jungnickel, the company was best known for developing Velvet Assassin, which was released by SouthPeak Games in April 2009. However, the game failed to succeed commercially, because of which the company filed for insolvency and effectively dissolved in August that year.

SouthPeak Games
SouthPeak Interactive Corporation, doing business as SouthPeak Games, was an American video game publisher based in Midlothian, Virginia. Founded on March 1, 1996, as a subsidiary of SAS Institute in Cary, North Carolina, it was sold and moved to Midlothian, Virginia in 2000, and became a public company in 2008. Also in 2008, the company acquired and closed Austin, Texas–based publisher Gamecock Media Group, and opened a separate digital distribution subsidiary 7Sixty in Grapevine, Texas in 2011. SouthPeak Games quietly disappeared from the public eye in July 2013.