hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Puto (food)
Puto is a Filipino steamed rice cake, traditionally made from slightly fermented rice dough (galapong). It is eaten as is or as an accompaniment to a number of savoury dishes (most notably, dinuguan). Puto is also an umbrella term for various kinds of indigenous steamed cakes, including those made without rice. It is a sub-type of kakanin (rice cakes).

Steaming
Steaming is a method of cooking using steam. In steaming, the food is fully immersed in steam, with no air present, so that the steam condenses on the food, and then the condensate drips down away from the food. This is often achieved in a food steamer, a kitchen appliance made specifically to cook food with steam, but food can also be steamed in a wok. In the American Southwest, steam pits used for cooking have been found dating back about 5,000 years. Steaming is considered a healthy cooking technique that can be used for many kinds of foods.

Compared to full immersion in boiling water, steaming can be far faster and more energy-efficient because it requires heating very much less water and takes advantage of the excellent thermodynamic heat transfer properties of steam.
PSC101
pSC101 is a plasmid that is used as a cloning vector in molecular biology. pSC101 was the first cloning vector, used in 1973 by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Norman Cohen. Using this plasmid they have demonstrated that a gene from a frog could be transferred into bacterial cells and then expressed by the bacterial cells.  The plasmid is a natural plasmid from Salmonella panama.

Herbert Boyer
Herbert Wayne "Herb" Boyer (born July 10, 1936) is an American biotechnologist, researcher and entrepreneur in biotechnology. Along with Stanley N. Cohen and Paul Berg, he discovered recombinant DNA, a method to coax bacteria into producing foreign proteins, which aided in jump-starting the field of genetic engineering. By 1969, he had performed studies on a couple of restriction enzymes of E. coli with especially useful properties.

He is recipient of the 1990 National Medal of Science, co-recipient of the 1996 Lemelson–MIT Prize, and a co-founder of Genentech. He was professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and later served as vice president of Genentech from 1976 until his retirement in 1991.
Ioan-Iovitz Popescu
Ioan-Iovitz "Iovitzu" Popescu (October 1, 1932 – 22 December, 2023) was a Romanian physicist and linguist, emeritus professor at University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, and member of the Romanian Academy. In the field of physics, he is best known for his work on gas discharges and plasma physics, as well as his collaborations with Denisa Popescu in laser spectroscopy. He also had pioneering contributions in the field of gamma-ray lasers with Carl B. Collins and Silviu Olariu.

As of 2006, the focus of Iovitzu Popescu's work had shifted towards the field of linguistics, in cooperation with leading linguist Gabriel Altmann.

Gabriel Altmann
Gabriel Altmann (24 May 1931 – 2 March 2020) was a Slovak-German linguist and mathematician. He made significant contributions to the field of quantitative linguistics. He is best known for co-developing Menzerath's law, also known as the Menzerath-Altmann law, which describes the relationship between the size of a linguistic construct and the size of its linguistic constituents.
Wittliff Collections
29°53′21.3″N 97°56′40.4″W﻿ / ﻿29.889250°N 97.944556°W﻿ / 29.889250; -97.944556

The Wittliff Collections, located on the seventh floor of the Albert B. Alkek Library at Texas State University, was founded by William D. Wittliff in 1986. The Wittliff Collections include the Southwestern Writers Collection and the Southwestern & Mexican Photography Collection.

William D. Wittliff
William Dale Wittliff (January 21, 1940 – June 9, 2019),  sometimes credited as Bill Wittliff, was an American screenwriter, author, and photographer who wrote the screenplays for The Perfect Storm (2000), Barbarosa (1982), Raggedy Man (1981), and many others.
The Seal Cub Clubbing Club
The Seal Cub Clubbing Club  were a five-piece post-punk band from The Wirral, England.

The band had been described by Gigwise.com as sounding like "The Coral on acid", also being compared to Echo & the Bunnymen. CityLife magazine suggested that the band were inspired by The Fall or Kid A-era Radiohead. They have also been compared to Super Furry Animals.

Wirral Peninsula
The Wirral Peninsula (/ˈwɪrəl/), known locally as the Wirral, is a peninsula in North West England. The roughly rectangular peninsula is about 15 miles (24 km) long and 7 miles (11 km) wide, and is bounded by the Dee Estuary to the west, the Mersey Estuary to the east and Liverpool Bay to the north.

Historically, the Wirral was wholly in Cheshire; in the Domesday Book, its border with the rest of the county was placed at "two arrow falls from Chester city walls".  However, since the Local Government Act 1972, only the southern third has been in Cheshire, with almost all the rest lying in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside. An area of saltmarsh and reclaimed land adjoining the south-west of the peninsula lies in the Welsh county of Flintshire.
Battle of Sunset Pass
The Battle of Sunset Pass was fought in November 1874 during the Yavapai War. Following the theft of livestock by a band of Tonto Apaches, a troop of United States Army soldiers was dispatched to track the natives and recover the stolen property. The Americans found the raiders at Sunset Pass, in Coconino County, Arizona, where a small skirmish ensued.

Yavapai Wars
The Yavapai Wars, or the Tonto Wars, were a series of armed conflicts between the Yavapai and Tonto tribes against the United States in the Arizona Territory. The period began no later than 1861, with the arrival of American settlers on Yavapai and Tonto land. At the time, the Yavapai were considered a band of the Western Apache people due to their close relationship with tribes such as the Tonto and Pinal. The war culminated with the Yavapai's removal from the Camp Verde Reservation to San Carlos on February 27, 1875, an event now known as Exodus Day.
Mimaporia
Mimaporia is a genus of moths in the Oriental swallowtail moth family Epicopeiidae consisting of two species, Mimaporia hmong and Mimaporia owadai. First described in 2017 by Shen-Horn Yen and Chia-Hsuan Wei, as the sole species Mimaporia hmong, from museum specimens held at the Natural History Museum, London. The second species, Mimaporia owadai was discovered two years after the initial description. Its members are found in Northern Vietnam, Northern India, and Sichuan Province in China.

Named due to their resemblance to Aporia butterflies, this genus of moths engage in various mimetic relationships with other lepidopterans. This includes members of the butterfly genus Neptis in addition to the aforementioned Aporia. Recent genetic studies put Mimaporia as a sister group to Nossa and Epicopeia.

Neptis
Neptis is a large genus of butterflies of Old World tropics and subtropics. They are commonly called sailer butterflies or sailers, or more precisely typical sailers to distinguish them from the related blue sailer (Pseudoneptis).
Cathryn Jakobson Ramin
Cathryn Jakobson Ramin is an American journalist, investigative reporter, and author. She has written for publications such as The New York Times Magazine, New York Magazine, O, the Oprah Magazine, Discover, Craftsmanship Quarterly, Aeon, NewYorker.com and More (magazine). To date, she has published two books, Crooked: Outwitting the Back Pain Industry and Getting on the Road to Recovery (2017, HarperCollins), and Carved in Sand: When Attention Fails and Memory Fades in Midlife (2007, HarperCollins), which became a ''New York Times'' bestseller.

The New York Times Magazine
The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times. It features articles longer than those typically in the newspaper and has attracted many notable contributors. The magazine is noted for its photography, especially relating to fashion and style.
Norma Koch
Norma Koch (March 27, 1898 – July 29, 1979) was an American costume designer, usually credited as Norma, who won the  Oscar for the film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? in the category Best Costume design-Black and White during the 1962 Academy Awards.

She received two more Oscar nominations, her secondduring the 1964 Academy Awards for the film Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte, also for Best Costume design-Black and White. Her third nomination was at the 1972 Academy Awards for the film Lady Sings the Blues in the category of Best Costumes.

Lady Sings the Blues (film)
Lady Sings the Blues is a 1972 American biographical musical drama film directed by Sidney J. Furie about jazz singer Billie Holiday, loosely based on her 1956 autobiography that, in turn, took its title from Holiday's song. It is produced by Motown Productions for Paramount Pictures. Diana Ross, in her feature film debut, portrays Holiday, alongside a cast that includes Billy Dee Williams, Richard Pryor, James T. Callahan and Scatman Crothers. The film was nominated for five Academy Awards in 1973, including Best Actress for Diana Ross.
Benito T. de Leon
Benito Antonio Templo de León (born March 21, 1960) is a retired military officer of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). While a Roman Catholic, he was conferred the rare Muslim-Maranao honorary title of Sultan a Romapunut for his peace efforts. De León held the Philippine Army rank of major general and was the commander of the 5th Infantry Division until his designation as Inspector General of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. He retired in 2016 after reaching the mandatory age of 56.

Maranao people
The Maranao people (Maranao: Bangsa Mëranaw, Jawi: ماراناو‎; Filipino: mga Maranaw), also spelled Meranaw, Maranaw, and Mëranaw, is a predominantly Muslim Filipino and Austronesian ethnic group native to the region around Lanao Lake in the island of Mindanao. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature, the Darangen. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the Iranun people and Maguindanao people, all three groups being denoted speaking Danao languages and giving name to the island of Mindanao. They are grouped with other Moro people due to their shared religion.
Rikki Hughes
Rikki Hughes (born August 3, 1971) is an American television producer and showrunner. She is best known for producing a number of comedy specials, award shows, television series, and independent features such as the BET 25th Anniversary Special (2005), It's Pimpin' Pimpin' (2008), Bill Bellamy's Who's Got Jokes? (2006-2009), The Age of Spin & Deep in the Heart of Texas (2017), Equanimity (2017), The Bird Revelation (2017), Sticks and Stones (2019), 8:46 (2020), and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Reunion (2020).

Hughes currently serves as the showrunner for HBO Max's streetwear design competition series The Hype (2021–present) with Migos' Offset and also executive produced HBO Max's 2022 game show About Last Night, hosted by Ayesha Curry and NBA star Stephen Curry.

8:46 (special)
8:46 is a 2020 performance special by American comedian Dave Chappelle about violence against African Americans. The special was released via YouTube on June 12, 2020. The performance is not a traditional stand-up comedy special, as it was recorded at a private outdoor venue due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio and features long stretches without humor. Critical consensus was positive for the comedy and the social commentary.
Craig Cerrig-gleisiad
Craig Cerrig-gleisiad is a subsidiary summit of Fan Fawr in the Fforest Fawr section of the Brecon Beacons National Park, South Wales. It makes up half of the Craig Cerrig-gleisiad and Fan Frynych National Nature Reserve with its sister peak Fan Frynych.

The summit is marked by a pile of stones, and sits on the edge of steep north facing cliffs which provide one of the few habitats for Arctic–alpine plants this far south in the British Isles. To the south-west is Fan Llia.

Fan Llia
Fan Llia is a subsidiary summit of Fan Fawr in the Fforest Fawr section of the Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales. In common with other peaks in the Fforest Fawr uplands it lies within the county of Powys.

The hill has the form of a broad ridge aligned south-south-west to north-north-east peaking at an altitude of 632 m. It has a subsidiary top to the north which is known as Fan Dringarth and which attains a height of 617 m. Its broad northern ridge is eventually truncated by the cliffs of Craig Cwm-du.

A number of features of archaeological interest are to be found on its flanks including several house platforms.
Language of adoption
The language of adoption is changing and evolving, and since the 1970s has been a controversial issue tied closely to adoption reform efforts. The controversy arises over the use of terms which, while designed to be more appealing or less offensive to some persons affected by adoption, may simultaneously cause offense or insult to others. This controversy illustrates the problems in adoption, as well as the fact that coining new words and phrases to describe ancient social practices will not necessarily alter the feelings and experiences of those affected by them. Two of the contrasting sets of terms are commonly referred to as positive adoption language (PAL) (sometimes referred to respectful adoption language (RAL)), and honest adoption language (HAL).

Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction. Historically, some societies have enacted specific laws governing adoption, while others used less formal means (notably contracts that specified inheritance rights and parental responsibilities without an accompanying transfer of filiation). Modern systems of adoption, arising in the 20th century, tend to be governed by comprehensive statutes and regulations.
Kazimierz Dembowski
Kazimierz Dembowski (3 August 1912 – 10 August 1942) was a Polish Jesuit involved in the religious publishing industry, who shortly after the German invasion of Poland was arrested by the Gestapo, imprisoned at several places of detention, and lastly deported to the Dachau concentration camp where he was murdered in a gas chamber. He is among 122 Polish martyrs whose beatification process was advanced in 2003.

Deportation
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people by a state from its sovereign territory. The actual definition changes depending on the place and context, and it also changes over time. A person who has been deported or is under sentence of deportation is called a deportee.
Kinsky horse
The Kinsky Horse is a Czech breed of warmblood sport horse. It was bred by the Kinsky family in the Kingdom of Bohemia, and is now one of four warmblood sport horse breeds reared in the Czech Republic, the others being the Czech Warmblood, the Slovakian Warmblood and the Moravian Warmblood.: 459  It was for many years absorbed into the Czech Warmblood; a separate stud-book was established in 2005.: 459  It is characterised by an unusual golden-yellow coat, though other colours are also seen.: 226

Breed registry
A breed registry, also known as a herdbook, studbook or register, in animal husbandry, the hobby of animal fancy, is an official list of animals within a specific breed whose parents are known. Animals are usually registered by their breeders while they are young. The terms studbook and register are also used to refer to lists of male animals "standing at stud", that is, those animals actively breeding, as opposed to every known specimen of that breed. Such registries usually issue certificates for each recorded animal, called a pedigree, pedigreed animal documentation, or most commonly, an animal's "papers". Registration papers may consist of a simple certificate or a listing of ancestors in the animal's background, sometimes with a chart showing the lineage.
Tim Leberecht
Tim Leberecht is a German-American author, speaker, and consultant. He is the former chief marketing officer of the creative firms Frog Design Inc. (styled as frog) and NBBJ. He now runs his own consulting firm, Leberecht and Partners, and writes and speaks about leadership, technology, and culture. He served on the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Values from 2012 to 2016, and he is a member of the NationSwell Council as well as an advisory board member for the strategy and innovation consulting firm Jump Associates.

Jump Associates
Jump Associates is strategy and innovation consulting firm based in San Mateo, CA. The company was founded in 1998 by CEO Dev Patnaik, Udaya Patnaik, Neal Moore, and Robert Becker. Its business was launched with a project for the office furniture company Steelcase, and its clientele has since scaled to include various Fortune 500 clients.
Caltech Peak
Caltech Peak is a 13,832-foot-elevation (4,216-meter) mountain summit located in Sequoia National Park  in Tulare County, California. It is situated one mile west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, just one-half mile south of the Kings–Kern Divide, one mile south of line parent Mount Stanford, and 9.3 miles northwest of Mount Whitney. Caltech Peak ranks as the 24th-highest summit in California. Topographic relief is significant as the southwest aspect rises nearly 1,900 feet (580 meters) above Lake South America in 0.7 miles (1.1 km). The John Muir Trail traverses below the east aspect of the mountain, providing an approach option for climbers.

Mount Stanford
Mount Stanford, at an elevation of 13,979 feet (4,261 m), is on the Kings-Kern Divide in Kings Canyon National Park. It is named for Stanford University. It is the fifteenth tallest mountain in California and is located about 3.6 miles (5.8 km) from University Peak which was named for the University of California.
José de Salamanca, Marquess of Salamanca
José de Salamanca y Mayol, 1st Marquess of Salamanca, 1st Count of Llanos, GE (23 May 1811 – 21 January 1883) was a Spanish businessman and politician. He served as Finance Minister of Spain and briefly as de facto prime minister in 1847.

Prominent during the reign of Isabella II, he was responsible for an extension to the city of Madrid; the Salamanca neighborhood of that city now bears his name. He had an adventurous life with many ups and downs, being Spain’s wealthiest man during a significant period of his life and one of the largest fortunes in the world at one point. His prominent associates included Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies, queen mother and regent for the young Queen Isabella. As a businessman, he undertook many projects that shaped modern Spain: railways, construction of entire neighborhoods, banking and investments; at the same time, he was associated with no small amount of political and corporate corruption.

Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spain)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEH) was a ministerial department in the Government of Spain that merged the traditional ministries of Finance and Economy, with competences on economic affairs, public finance and budgets. It was established on two occasions: the first time during the premierships of Felipe González (1982–1996) and the first term of José María Aznar (1996–2000), and the second time during the premiership of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011).

Due to its size and the vast amount of competences on economic and finance affairs under its control, it has been often dubbed as a "superministry".
Seppo Pääkkönen
Seppo Sakari Pääkkönen (born 15 June 1957 in Kuhmo) is a Finnish actor.

He is married to Virve Havelin. Their son Jasper Pääkkönen is also an actor.

Pääkkönen played Matti's father in the 2006 film Matti: Hell Is for Heroes, where his real-life son plays his on-screen son.

His younger brother Antti Pääkkönen is also an actor.

Matti: Hell Is for Heroes
Matti: Hell Is for Heroes (Finnish: Matti) is a 2006 Finnish biographical film about Finnish skijumper Matti Nykänen. The film was directed by Aleksi Mäkelä and written by Marko Leino. With 461,665 views it was the most watched film in Finland in 2006.
Experience (Jodie Christian album)
Experience is the debut album by pianist Jodie Christian, released in 1992 by Delmark Records. It features six solo piano tracks, plus four on which Christian is joined by bassist Larry Gray and drummer Vincent Davis.

Larry Gray
Larry Gray is a Chicago musician known for his compositions and skill on the double bass and cello. His primary teachers were Joseph Guastafeste, longtime principal bassist of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and cellist Karl Fruh.
Tsiolkovskiy Island
Tsiolkovskiy Island (70°30′S 3°0′E﻿ / ﻿70.500°S 3.000°E﻿ / -70.500; 3.000) is an ice-covered island in the Fimbul Ice Shelf, Queen Maud Land. The summit of the island rises about 200 m above the general level of the ice shelf. Kroshka Island lies close southwest and is similar but smaller. First mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961 and named for Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), Russian scientist and inventor.

Kroshka Island
Kroshka Island is the smaller of two ice-covered islands lying close together in the Fimbul Ice Shelf, along the coast of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. The feature was first mapped by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition in 1961 and named "Kupol Kroshka", which means "crumb dome" in Russian.
Significant Other (film)
Significant Other is a 2022 American science fiction horror film written and directed by Dan Berk and Robert Olsen. The film stars Maika Monroe and Jake Lacy as a couple dealing with relationship issues while backpacking in the woods in the Pacific Northwest, whose activities are interrupted by a meteor strike bringing an evil shapeshifting alien life form into the picture.

In September 2021, Paramount Players won a bidding war for the film, with Monroe and Lacy already attached to star, and Berk and Olsen to direct. The film was released on the streaming service Paramount+ on October 7, 2022.

Maika Monroe
Maika Monroe (born Dillon Monroe Buckley; May 29, 1993) is an American actress. She is most notable for her leading roles in The Guest and It Follows (both 2014), which established her as a scream queen. Such roles recurred in the horror films Villains (2019) and Longlegs (2024).

She also starred in the thrillers Greta (2018) and Watcher (2022). Aside from her horror and thriller roles Monroe appears in the action film Independence Day: Resurgence (2016), the neo-noir Hot Summer Nights (2017) and the action film God Is a Bullet (2023).