hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dahamtore Union Council
Dhamtore (Hindko, Urdu: دھمتوڑ) is a union council of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The village of Dhamtour is the main settlement in the Union Council.

The main language of the area is Hindko which is the traditional mother tongue of Hazara Division and although the majority people of this area belong from Jadoon Pashtoon tribe  some villages have Gojri as their mother tongue. The Union Council  is the gateway to places such as Murree, Nathia Gali, Dunga Gali, Bara Gali, Ayubia National Park, Miranjani, Mushkpuri and the most famous picnic spot of Abbottabad, Harnoi.

Nathia Gali
Nathia Gali or Nathiagali (Urdu: نتھیا گلی) is a hill station and mountain resort town located in the Abbottabad District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is located at the centre of the Galyat tract of the Himalayas, where several hill stations are situated. It is situated approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) away from both Murree and Abbottabad. Nathia Gali is known for its scenery, hiking trails and weather, which is much cooler than the rest of the Galyat tract due to it being at a higher altitude.
Ex Parte Minister of Safety and Security: In re S v Walters
Ex Parte Minister of Safety and Security and Others: In Re S v Walters and Another is a 2002 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa concerning the use of force to arrest criminal suspects. The court invalidated section 49(2) of the Criminal Procedure Act, 1977, which provided that the killing of certain fugitive suspects constituted justifiable homicide. Writing on behalf of a unanimous court, Justice Johann Kriegler held that the Bill of Rights required that force should be used in arrests only where such force is reasonable and necessary.

Justifiable homicide
The concept of justifiable homicide in criminal law is a defense to culpable homicide (criminal or negligent homicide).  Generally, there is a burden to produce exculpatory evidence in the legal defense of justification.

In most countries, a homicide is justified when there is sufficient evidence to disprove the alleged criminal act or wrongdoing (under the beyond a reasonable doubt standard for criminal charges, and preponderance of evidence standard for claims of wrongdoing, i.e. civil liability).  The key to this legal defense is that it was reasonable for the subject, when committing the homicide, to believe that there was an imminent and otherwise unavoidable danger of death or grave bodily harm to the innocent by the deceased.
Cahuilla County, California
Cahuilla County was a proposed county initiated by the residents of eastern Riverside County, California, in the 1980s. It was named after the Cahuilla people, being the homeland of the Native American Tribe for over 2,000 years.

The proposed county would have included the Coachella Valley including the cities of:

Palm Springs

Desert Hot Springs

Cathedral City

Rancho Mirage

Palm Desert

Indian Wells

La Quinta

Indio

Coachella

Blythe

The ballot measure was ultimately defeated.

Palm Desert, California
Palm Desert is a city in the Coachella Valley region of Riverside County, California. The city is located in the Colorado Desert arm of the Sonoran Desert, about 14 miles (23 km) east of Palm Springs, 121 miles (195 km) northeast of San Diego and 122 miles (196 km) east of Los Angeles. The population was 51,163 at the 2020 census, and the city has been one of the state's fastest-growing since 1980, when its population was 11,801.
Androstenol
Androstenol, also known as 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol (shortened to 3α,5α-androstenol or 3α-androstenol), is a 16-androstene class steroidal pheromone and neurosteroid in humans and other mammals, notably pigs. It possesses a characteristic musk-like odor.

Androstenol, or a derivative, is found in black truffles. This was offered as an explanation for how pigs locate them deep in the ground: Androstenol is produced in the saliva of male pigs. However, experiments in France using pigs to scent truffles, truffle scent extract, and purified androstenol showed that pigs responded to the first two (actually trying to eat dirt containing the truffle extract), but ignored the androstenol.

A stereoisomer of androstenol, 3β-androstenol (5α-androst-16-en-3β-ol), is also endogenous to humans (as well as to pigs), behaving as a pheromone and contributing to axillary odor.

3α-Androstanediol
3α-Androstanediol also known as 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol and sometimes shortened in the literature to 3α-diol, is an endogenous steroid hormone and neurosteroid and a metabolite of androgens like dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
Lord North (horse)
Lord North (foaled 9 February 2016) is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. After winning his only race as a juvenile in 2018, he won again on his three-year-old debut but ran poorly on his next start and was subsequently gelded. He returned to the track in the autumn of 2019 and recorded victories in the Cambridgeshire Handicap and the James Seymour Stakes. The gelding made further progress in 2020 when he won the Brigadier Gerard Stakes and the Prince of Wales's Stakes.

Gelding
A gelding (/ˈɡɛldɪŋ/) is a castrated male horse or other equine, such as a pony, donkey or a mule. The term is also used with certain other animals and livestock, such as domesticated camels. The equivalent terms for castrated male cattle are steer or bullock, and wether for sheep and goats.

Castration renders the male animal calmer, better-behaved, less sexually aggressive, and more responsive to training efforts. This makes the animal generally more suitable as an everyday working animal, or as a pet in the case of companion animals. The gerund and participle "gelding" and the infinitive "to geld" refer to the castration procedure itself.
Enga Paappa
Enga Paappa (transl. Our Baby) is a 1966 Indian Tamil-language drama film produced and directed by B. R. Panthulu. The film stars Baby Shakila, M. V. Rajamma, Ravichandran and Bharathi. It was released on 8 July 1966.

M. V. Rajamma
M. V. Rajamma (10 March 1918 – 23 April 1999) was an Indian actress, producer and playback singer of films mostly in Tamil,  Kannada and Telugu languages from the 1930s through 1970s. She has the distinction of having acted as both heroine and mother to stalwart South Indian actors such as Dr. Rajkumar, Sivaji Ganesan, MGR and NTR. Karnataka Government established M. V. Rajamma Award in her honor.

Making her debut as a lead actress in the 1936 released Kannada movie Samsara Nauka, Rajamma enjoyed an elaborate career in feature films across South India. She was the first and foremost woman producer in South India and in Kannada films. She produced the film Radha Ramana in 1943 under her own home banner Vijaya Films. Her entry to the Tamil films was through the 1940 classic hit film Uthama Puthiran. She went on to star in about 60 Kannada, 80 Tamil, 20 Telugu and one Hindi films in her career spanning around four decades.
Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital
37°47′16.85″S 145°0′40.65″E﻿ / ﻿37.7880139°S 145.0112917°E﻿ / -37.7880139; 145.0112917

Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital, originally known as Queens Memorial Infectious Diseases Hospital, operated from 1904 to its closure in 1996. Perched high on the banks of the Yarra River at Yarra Bend in the inner Melbourne suburb of Fairfield, it developed an international reputation for the research and treatment of infectious diseases. When it closed, it was the last specific infectious diseases hospital in Australia.

Initially the hospital was devoted to the treatment of patients with fevers. Diseases treated included typhoid, diphtheria, cholera, smallpox, poliomyelitis and scarlet fever, and in its final years, HIV/AIDS became very prominent.

Royal Melbourne Hospital
The Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) is one of Australia's leading public tertiary hospitals. Located in Parkville, an inner city suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, it is a major teaching hospital for tertiary healthcare with a reputation in clinical research.

The hospital is administered as part of Melbourne Health, alongside the Inner West Area Mental Health Service (IWAMHS), as well as the North West Dialysis Service.

Professor Shelley Dolan was appointed Chief Executive of the hospital in August 2023, succeeding Professor Christine Kilpatrick AO.
AEGIS SecureConnect
AEGIS SecureConnect (or simply AEGIS) is the former name of a network authentication system used in IEEE 802.1X networks. It was developed by Meetinghouse Data Communications, Inc.; the system was renamed "Cisco Secure Services Client" when Meetinghouse was acquired by Cisco Systems. The AEGIS Protocol is an 802.1X supplicant (i.e. handles authentication for wired and wireless networks, such as those that use WPA-PSK, WPA-Radius, or Certificate-based authentication), and is commonly installed along with a Network Interface Card's (NIC) or VPN drivers.

Wi-Fi Protected Access
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2), and Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3)  are the three security certification programs developed after 2000 by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. The Alliance defined these in response to serious weaknesses researchers had found in the previous system, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP).

WPA (sometimes referred to as the TKIP standard) became available in 2003. The Wi-Fi Alliance intended it as an intermediate measure in anticipation of the availability of the more secure and complex WPA2, which became available in 2004 and is a common shorthand for the full IEEE 802.11i (or IEEE 802.11i-2004) standard.

In January 2018, the Wi-Fi Alliance announced the release of WPA3, which has several security improvements over WPA2.

As of 2023, most computers that connect to a wireless network have support for using WPA, WPA2, or WPA3.
Peter Phelps (cricketer)
Peter Horsley Phelps (5 February 1909 – 5 October 1986) was an English first-class cricketer who played three matches for Worcestershire in the early 1930s.

He batted at six in each of his four innings, but was not a success: scores of 3, 7, 11 and 4 were hardly what the county was looking for. He was never called upon to bowl his medium pace at first-class level, but he did take a single catch, to dismiss Leicestershire's Harold Riley.

Phelps was born in Malvern, Worcestershire; he died aged 77 in Earlswood, Redhill, Surrey.

Harold Riley (cricketer)
Harold Riley (3 October 1902 – 24 January 1989) was an English cricketer active from 1924 to 1937 who played for Leicestershire. He was born in Stoney Stanton and died in Leicester. He appeared in 94 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled off breaks. He scored 2,346 runs with a highest score of 101 and took five wickets with a best performance of two for 32.
Susan Sinnott
Susan Buthaina Sinnott is professor and head of materials science and engineering at Pennsylvania State University. Sinnott is a fellow of the Materials Research Society (MRS), the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and the American Physical Society (APS). She has served as editor-in-chief of the journal Computational Materials Science since 2014.

Materials Research Society
The Materials Research Society (MRS) is a non-profit, professional organization for materials researchers, scientists and engineers. Established in 1973, MRS is a member-driven organization of approximately 13,000 materials researchers from academia, industry and government.

Headquartered in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, MRS membership spans over 90 countries, with approximately 48% of MRS members residing outside the United States.

MRS members work in all areas of materials science and research, including physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and engineering.  MRS provides a collaborative environment for idea exchange across all disciplines of materials science through its meetings, publications and other programs designed to foster networking and cooperation.

The Society’s mission is to promote communication for the advancement of interdisciplinary materials research to improve the quality of life.
Jacques Banchereau
Jacques Banchereau is an internationally prominent French American immunologist and molecular biologist. As of 2024, he is Chief Scientific Officer at Javelin Biotech. He was formerly professor and director of immunological sciences at the Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine and also the former chief science officer, senior vice president, and DTA (Discovery and Translational Area) head of inflammation & virology at Hoffman-La Roche. He is best known for his extensive research on dendritic cells with Nobel Laureate Ralph M. Steinman. He is the fifth most cited immunologist ranked by Times Higher Education's report.

Ralph M. Steinman
Ralph Marvin Steinman (January 14, 1943 – September 30, 2011) was a Canadian physician and medical researcher at Rockefeller University, who in 1973 discovered and named dendritic cells while working as a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Zanvil A. Cohn, also at Rockefeller University. Steinman was one of the recipients of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Salal, Chad
Salal (Arabic: سالل) is a town in Chad, lying 380 kilometres (240 mi)  north of N'Djamena on the road to Faya-Largeau. Salal is the second largest city after Moussoro in Bahr el Gazel Region.

A garrison was once at Salal during the conflict with Libya in 1978. On 15 April 1978, FROLINAT forces, led by Goukouni Oueddei, took Salal before marching south to the Chadian capital, N'Djamena.

Moussoro
Moussoro (Arabic: موسورو) is a town in Chad, lying 300 km (190 mi) northeast of N'Djamena on the road to Faya-Largeau. An important transportation centre, it lies in a dry river bed and as a result has more vegetation than is typical in the area.

Moussoro is the capital of the region of Barh El Gazel (Bahr el Gazel). The town is served by Moussoro Airport.
Moussoro is inhabited by Gouran Kreda/Karra ethnic group of northern Chad. It serves as their commercial and administrative town. Moussoro market day is Thursday. The area is mostly known for its agricultural activity.

Moussoro have the second president's residence in Chad after the main Residence in N'Djamena (see image below). The town is also the main area for army training in Chad.
Parabolic torus reflector antenna
A parabolic torus reflector antenna is a quasi-parabolic antenna, where the defining parabola is not rotated around the main transmission axis, but around an axis which stands vertically to this axis.

Simulsat is a trademark for such antennas designed and manufactured by Antenna Technology Communications.

Whereas parabolic satellite dishes with one low-noise block converter (LNB) are able to receive a satellite television broadcast from one communications satellite at a time, parabolic torus reflector antennas are capable of establishing views to more than 40 C and Ku band satellites simultaneously, by employing multiple LNBs.

Satellite dish
A satellite dish is a dish-shaped type of parabolic antenna designed to receive or transmit information by radio waves to or from a communication satellite.  The term most commonly means a dish which receives direct-broadcast satellite television from a direct broadcast satellite in geostationary orbit.
Kléberson
José Kléberson Pereira (born 19 June 1979), commonly known as José Kléberson or simply Kléberson, is a Brazilian football coach and former player who is currently the head coach of North.

A former midfielder, he won the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A with his first club Atlético Paranaense in 2001, as well as the Campeonato Paranaense twice. He spent two years each at Manchester United and Beşiktaş, winning the Turkish Cup twice with the latter. Returning to Brazil, he won another national title with Flamengo in 2009, and ended his career after playing for three clubs in the United States.

Kléberson played for Brazil 32 times between 2002 and 2010, scoring two goals. He was part of the squads that won the 2002 FIFA World Cup, 2004 Copa América and 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup.

Club Athletico Paranaense
Club Athletico Paranaense (abbreviated CAP, commonly known as Athletico Paranaense and up to 2019 known as Atlético Paranaense) is a Brazilian football team from the city of Curitiba, capital city of the Brazilian state of Paraná, founded on 26 March 1924.

The team's most important titles have been winning the 2001 Série A, the Copa Sudamericana in 2018 and 2021, making it the only team from Paraná to win international titles. It won the Copa do Brasil in 2019. In the Copa Libertadores, they have finished runner-up twice, in 2005 and 2022.

They are considered the strongest team in Brazil outside of the Big 12, at times even surpassing them.
The Girl in the Photographs
The Girl in the Photographs is a 2015 American horror thriller film co-written and directed by Nick Simon and executive produced by Wes Craven. The film stars Kal Penn, Claudia Lee, Kenny Wormald, Miranda Rae Mayo, Luke Baines, Christy Carlson Romano, Katharine Isabelle,  and Mitch Pileggi. Filming began in April 2015 in Victoria, British Columbia. It was an official selection at Toronto International Film Festival 2015 in the Midnight Madness category. The film was released on April 1, 2016, in a limited release and through video on demand, by Vertical Entertainment.

Vertical (film company)
Vertical (formerly Vertical Entertainment) is an American independent film distribution company founded by producers Rich Goldberg and Mitch Budin in 2012. Vertical releases films across all mediums, including theatrical, video on demand, physical media and streaming.
Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk
Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) is a heliophysics Mission of Opportunity (MOU) for NASA's Explorers program. Led by Richard Eastes at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, which is located at the University of Colorado Boulder, GOLD's mission is to image the boundary between Earth and space in order to answer questions about the effects of solar and atmospheric variability of Earth's space weather. GOLD was one of 11 proposals selected, of the 42 submitted, for further study in September 2011. On 12 April 2013, NASA announced that GOLD, along with the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), had been selected for flight in 2017. GOLD, along with its commercial host satellite SES-14, launched on 25 January 2018.

Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
The Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) is a research institute at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Founded in 1948, LASP employs 750+ scientists, engineers, and students dedicated to space science research in fields including solar physics, planetary atmospheres, dusty plasmas, geophysics, and space weather. The institute received over $1 billion in research revenue since 2013, predominantly from NASA contracts. LASP employs over 250 students and is the only academic institute to send spacecraft instruments to all 8 planets in the Solar System. LASP has also sent missions to Pluto, the Sun, and multiple planetary moons.

As of 2025, LASP has a yearly budget exceeding $200 million and manages or supports 26 active space missions.
Graeme Phillips
Graeme James Phillips MBE (April 1948 – August 2025) was a British theatre director who was the artistic director of the Unity Theatre, Liverpool. During his tenure, several touring theatre companies came to Liverpool, as well as a production of the play Angels in America by Tony Kushner. He also helped establish both FACT Liverpool and the Homotopia festival.

Homotopia (festival)
Homotopia is an international LGBTQ+ arts festival held annually in Liverpool, England. The festival takes place in late-October and throughout November every year and features a mixture of theatre, dance, film, photography, art, cabaret and debate at numerous venues across Liverpool.

Homotopia is the longest running annual LGBT arts and culture festival in the United Kingdom.
Gerrha
Gerrha (Koine Greek: Γέρρα, romanized: Gérrha) was an ancient and renowned city within Eastern Arabia, on the west side of the Persian Gulf. Known from Greek sources, it has been identified with a few candidate archaeological sites in Eastern Arabia, with the main candidates being Hagar (modern-day Hofuf) and Thaj.

In the aftermath of the conquests of Alexander the Great and the subsequent Seleucid Empire in the region, Gerrha became a site of central importance in the Hellenistic world and the major site of trading with Arabia in the Persian Gulf. It was a major source of Arabian aromatics and for the transport of goods from India.

Hofuf
Al-Hofuf   (Arabic: ٱلْهُفُوف al-Hufūf, also spelled Hofuf or Hufuf, also known as "Al-Hasa", "Al-Ahsa" or "Al-Hassa") is the major urban city in the Al-Ahsa Governorate in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, with a population of  729,606 (as of 2022). It is known for being one of the largest date producing areas in the world, and for its old markets and palaces.
Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest
Poland has been represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 27 times since its debut in 1994. The Polish participating broadcaster in the contest is Telewizja Polska (TVP).

Poland's debut in the contest in 1994 remains its most successful entry, with "To nie ja!" by Edyta Górniak finishing second. This remains Poland's only top five result in the contest. The country reached the top ten for the second time with Ich Troje finishing seventh in 2003. Poland then failed to qualify from the semi-finals in six out of seven years between 2005 and 2011, before withdrawing from the contest in 2012. Since returning in 2014, Poland had qualified for the final for four consecutive years (2014–2017), achieving a third top ten finish in 2016, with Michał Szpak finishing eighth. The country failed to qualify three contests in a row (2018, 2019, and 2021), a streak that ended with Ochman finishing 12th in 2022.

To nie ja!
"To nie ja!" (Polish pronunciation: [ˈtɔ ɲɛ ˈja]; "It wasn't me!"; often rendered without the exclamation mark) was the Polish entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994, performed in Polish by Edyta Górniak. This marked Poland's debut at the contest, and consequently the first time that the Polish language had been used in a contest entry. The song achieved second place in the Eurovision final – at the time the highest ever placing attained by a debut song (even in the first contest, Switzerland won with their second song of the night). It was released as a single in English as "Once in a Lifetime".

The song is a dramatic ballad, with Górniak describing herself as having an "easy world" – seemingly one of easy distinctions between good and bad. She sings that she is not Eve, referring to the Biblical character, and asking for her listener not to blame her for the sins of that figure, and to accept her for who she really is.
Let's Go (The Cars song)
"Let's Go" is a song by American rock band the Cars, written by Ric Ocasek for the band's second studio album, Candy-O (1979). A new wave, pop rock and rock and roll song, its hook was inspired by the Routers. The song's vocals are performed by bassist Benjamin Orr.

"Let's Go" was released in 1979 as the debut single from Candy-O on Elektra Records. The single was a chart success, reaching number 14 in the United States and charting in multiple other countries. It has since appeared on several compilation albums and has seen critical acclaim.

It was the 100th video to be played on the first day of MTV on August 1, 1981.

The Routers
The Routers were an American instrumental group in the early 1960s. Their biggest commercial success was in September 1962 with the instrumental single "Let's Go (Pony)", which reached No. 19 on the Billboard chart.