hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CSS Livingston
CSS Livingston was a sidewheel steamer operated by the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. Livingston was acquired by the Confederacy in 1861 and was converted from a civilian vessel by John Hughes & Company into a warship. Mounting six cannons, the vessel was slow and had a particulary wide beam for its size. Sent up the Mississippi River in 1862, Livingston was part of the Confederate fleet at Columbus, Kentucky, and New Madrid, Missouri, before the abandonment of those places and assisted in the evacuation of a Confederate fort at New Madrid.  Livingston's guns were removed and added to the shore defenses at Fort Randolph in early May. After the Confederates withdrew from Fort Pillow in early June 1862, Livingston went up the Yazoo River with CSS General Polk. On June 26, Livingston, General Polk, and CSS General Earl Van Dorn were all burned at Liverpool Landing, Mississippi, to prevent their capture by Union forces.

Fort Pillow State Historic Park
Fort Pillow State Historic Park is a state park in western Tennessee that preserves the American Civil War site of the Battle of Fort Pillow.  The 1,642 acre (6.6 km²) Fort Pillow, located in Lauderdale County on the Chickasaw Bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River, is rich in both historic and archaeological significance. In 1861, the Confederate army built extensive fortifications  and named the site for General Gideon Johnson Pillow of Maury County. It was attacked and held by the Union Army for most of the American Civil War period except immediately after the Battle of Fort Pillow, when it was retaken by the Confederate Army. The battle ended with a massacre of African-American Union troops and their white officers attempting to surrender, by soldiers under the command of Confederate Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest.
Tommy Smith (racing driver)
Thomas Smith (born 6 June 2002) is an Australian racing driver who last competed in the 2025 Indy NXT with HMD Motorsports. He previously competed in the FIA Formula 3 Championship in 2023 and 2024 with Van Amersfoort Racing. Prior, he raced with Douglas Motorsport in the 2022 GB3 Championship, having won one race & scoring two podium finishes.

Van Amersfoort Racing
Van Amersfoort Racing (Dutch pronunciation: [vɑn ˈaːmərsfoːrt]; VAR) is an auto racing team based in the Netherlands. The team competes in FIA Formula 2, FIA Formula 3, Formula Regional European, and Italian F4.

Notable former drivers for the team include ten Formula One drivers: Jos Verstappen, Christijan Albers, Kevin Magnussen, Giedo van der Garde, Max Verstappen, Charles Leclerc, Mick Schumacher, Liam Lawson, Oliver Bearman, and Franco Colapinto.
Kormesiy Peak
Kormesiy Peak (Bulgarian: връх Кормесий, romanized: vrah Kormesiy, IPA: [ˈvrɤx korˈmɛsij]) is a rocky peak rising to 235 m in the southeast extremity of Breznik Heights on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Situated on the southeast coast of the island, 2.17 km west of Fort Point, 800 m southwest of St. Kiprian Peak, 730 m southeast of Drangov Peak, and 430 m east of Ziezi Peak.  Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05 and mapping in 2009.  Named after Khan Kormesiy of Bulgaria, 721-738 AD.

62°32′42.4″S 59°37′02″W﻿ / ﻿62.545111°S 59.61722°W﻿ / -62.545111; -59.61722

Drangov Peak
Drangov Peak (Bulgarian: Дрангов връх, romanized: Drangov vrah, IPA: [ˈdraŋɡov ˈvrɤx]) is a peak rising to 430 m in the southeast extremity of Breznik Heights on Greenwich Island, Antarctica.  Situated 360 m southeast of Vratsa Peak, 1.45 km east by south of the highest point of Viskyar Ridge, 2.8 km west of Fort Point, 500 m north of Ziezi Peak, and 2.37 km northeast of Sartorius Point.  Overlooking Musala Glacier to the north, and Targovishte Glacier to the southwest.  Bulgarian topographic survey Tangra 2004/05.  Named after Col. Boris Drangov (1872–1917), a renowned Bulgarian military commander and pedagogue.

62°32′32″S 59°37′48″W﻿ / ﻿62.54222°S 59.63000°W﻿ / -62.54222; -59.63000
TN 07 AL 4777
TN-07 AL 4777 is a 2009 Indian Tamil-language thriller film directed by A. Lakshmikanthan. The film stars Ajmal Ameer, Pasupathy, Simran and Meenakshi. It is a remake of the 2006 Hindi film Taxi No. 9211 which was based on the American film Changing Lanes (2002). Pooja Umashankar makes a special appearance in the film.

Changing Lanes
Changing Lanes is a 2002 American legal thriller film directed by Roger Michell and starring Ben Affleck and Samuel L. Jackson. The film follows a successful, young Wall Street lawyer (Affleck) who accidentally crashes his car into a vehicle driven by a middle-aged, recovering alcoholic insurance salesman (Jackson). After the lawyer leaves the scene of the accident, the two men try to get back at each other, engaging in a variety of immoral and illegal actions that end up having a major impact on each man's life.

The film was released on April 12, 2002, in North America by Paramount Pictures. The film was favorably reviewed by critics, and it was a box office success, earning almost $95 million against a $45 million budget. Writers Chap Taylor and Michael Tolkin were nominated for the WAFCA Award for Best Original Screenplay for their work. It was later remade in Hindi as Taxi No. 9211.
Mihajlo Mitrović
Mihajlo Mitrović (Serbian Cyrillic: Михајло Митровић; 1 September 1922 − 20 December 2018) was a Serbian and Yugoslavian architect, urbanist, author and architecture critic. He was a professor at the Faculty of Applied Arts in Belgrade. During his lengthy career, he designed more than 170 structures. His best well known designs are the Western City Gate and the Church of St. Basil of Ostrog, both in New Belgrade. As urbanist, he was the chief author of the general urbanistic projects of Zaječar, Trstenik, Pirot, Niš, Banja Koviljača, Lazarevac and Vrnjačka Banja.

Zaječar
Zaječar (Serbian Cyrillic: Зајечар, pronounced [zâjɛtʃar]; Romanian: Zaicear or Zăiceari) is a city and the administrative center of the Zaječar District in eastern Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city administrative area had a population of 48,621 inhabitants. 
Zaječar is widely known for its rock music festival Gitarijada and for the ZALET festival dedicated to contemporary art. Roman Emperor Galerius was born in Gamzigrad, near Zaječar, where he built the city of Felix Romuliana.
Indu Mitha
Indu Mitha (née Chatterjee) (born 1929) is a Pakistani exponent of Bharatnatyam and one of only two in the nation (the other being Sheema Kirmani). She also remained a faculty member at the Rawalpindi campus of the National College of the Arts, from which she has retired.

Sheema Kermani
Sheema Kermani (also spelled Kirmani) (Urdu: شیما کرمانی; born 16 January 1951) is a Pakistani classical dancer, actress and social activist. She is the founder of Tehrik-e-Niswan Cultural Action Group (Women's Movement). She is also an exponent of Bharatanatyam dance. Kermani is known as a renowned classical dancer, choreographer, dance guru, theatre practitioner, performer, director, producer, and TV actor based in Karachi, Pakistan. She advocates on culture, women's rights, and peace issues.

Her pioneering contribution to the promotion of culture and theatrical performances in Pakistan since 1978 have led to international acclaim.
Vladimir Kulich
Vladimír Kulich  (born 14 July 1956) is a Czech-Canadian actor.

He is known for his roles as Buliwyf in the film The 13th Warrior, Tiberius in the film Ironclad, Erik in the television series Vikings, as well as the voice of Ulfric Stormcloak in  The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim and as The Beast in the television series Angel. In 1995 he appeared as Olafsson in the X-Files episode "Død Kalm."

While living in Montreal, Quebec, Canada as a young adult, he was a professional ice hockey player. He has often volunteered in celebrity charity games including skating with the Los Angeles Kings Alumni Association.

The 13th Warrior
The 13th Warrior is a 1999 American historical fiction action film based on Michael Crichton's 1976 novel Eaters of the Dead, which is a loose adaptation of the tale of Beowulf combined with Ahmad ibn Fadlan's historical account of the Volga Vikings.

It stars Antonio Banderas as Ahmad ibn Fadlan (credited as Ahmed ibn Fahdlan), as well as Diane Venora and Omar Sharif. It was directed by John McTiernan; Crichton directed some uncredited reshoots. The film was produced by McTiernan, Crichton, and Ned Dowd, with Andrew G. Vajna, James Biggam and Ethan Dubrow as executive producers.

Production and marketing costs reportedly ranged from $100–$160 million, but it grossed $61 million at the box office worldwide, becoming the biggest box-office bomb of 1999, with losses of up to $129 million. Despite its critical and box office failure, the film has since cultivated a devoted cult following, and is credited with pioneering a Muslim hero in Hollywood blockbusters.
The Beatles (terrorist cell)
"The Beatles" was the nickname for an Islamic State cell composed of four British militants. The terrorist group was named by their hostages after the English rock group The Beatles, referring to the members as "John", "Paul", "George", and "Ringo".

The group carried out the 2014 beheadings in Iraq and Syria of American journalists James Foley and Steven Sotloff, and British aid workers David Haines and Alan Henning. The group also held more than 20 Western hostages of ISIS in Western Raqqa, Syria. They were reportedly harsher than other ISIS guards, torturing captives with electroshock weapons and subjecting them to mock executions (including a crucifixion) and waterboarding.

In November 2015, one of the militants was killed and one was arrested and imprisoned in Turkey. Two were captured in early 2018, transferred to U.S. military custody, and sentenced to life imprisonment in the U.S. in 2022.

Mock execution
A mock execution is a stratagem in which a victim is deliberately but falsely made to feel that their execution or that of another person is imminent or is taking place. This might involve blindfolding the victim, telling them they are about to die, or holding an unloaded gun to their head and pulling the trigger. Mock execution is categorized as psychological torture. There is a sense of fear induced when a person is made to feel that they are about to be executed or witness someone being executed. The psychological trauma can lead to depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, memory loss, and other mental disorders.
Battle of Irtysh River (13th century)
The Battle of the Irtysh River or Battle Along the Buqdarma was a battle between the Mongol Empire and remnants of the Merkit and Naimans, fought at the junction of the Bukhtarma with the Irtysh in late 1208 or very early 1209. The Merkit had a longstanding rivalry with the Borjigin, the family of Genghis Khan, and together with the Naimans opposed Genghis Khan's rise to power. The Battle of Chakirmaut in 1204 shattered the forces of the Merkit-Naimans alliance and the survivors fled into southern Western Siberia. When Jochi, the son of Genghis, led an expedition into Siberia to subjugate what the Mongols called the "Forest Peoples", he encountered the remnant armies of the Merkits and Naimans at the Irtysh and soundly defeated them, shattering the alliance. The Merkit commander Toqto'a was slain and the Naiman leader Kuchlug fled.

Kuchlug
Kuchlug (also spelled Küchlüg, Küçlüg, Güčülüg, Quqluq) (Mongolian: Хүчлүг; Chinese: 屈出律; d. 1218) was a member of the Naiman tribe who became the last emperor of the Western Liao dynasty (Qara Khitai). The Naimans were defeated by Genghis Khan and he fled westward to the Qara Khitai, where he became an advisor to his future father-in-law Yelü Zhilugu. He later rebelled, usurped the throne and took control of the empire, putting an end to the rule of the House of Yelü. He was killed in 1218 by the Mongols and the domain of the Qara Khitai was absorbed into the Mongol Empire.

While his predecessor Yelü Zhilugu was the last Qara Khitai emperor from the Yelü clan, Kuchlug is sometimes regarded as the final ruler of the Western Liao realm as he retained the dynastic title of "Great Liao" upon his ascension to the throne.
Harold Bowden
Sir Harold Bowden, 2nd Baronet (9 July 1880 – 24 August 1960) was the chairman and chief executive of the Raleigh Bicycle Company and Sturmey-Archer Ltd from his father's death in 1921 until his own retirement in 1938. He also served as President of the British Cycle and Motor-Cycle Manufacturers and Trader Union, President of the Motor and Cycle Trades Benevolent Fund, and Chairman of the British Olympic Association for the 1932 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles.

His achievements were celebrated in 1938 when Cycling Weekly awarded him his own page in the Golden Book of Cycling, which is now held in 'The Pedal Club' archive.

Cycling Weekly
Cycling Weekly is the world's oldest cycling publication. It is both a weekly cycling magazine and a news, features and buying advice website. It is published by Future.  It used to be affectionately referred to by British club cyclists as "The Comic".
Linear belief function
Linear belief functions are an extension of the Dempster–Shafer theory of belief functions to the case when variables of interest are continuous. Examples of such variables include financial asset prices, portfolio performance, and other antecedent and consequent variables. The theory was originally proposed by Arthur P. Dempster in the context of Kalman Filters and later was elaborated, refined, and applied to knowledge representation in artificial intelligence and decision making in finance and accounting by Liping Liu.

Arthur P. Dempster
Arthur Pentland Dempster (October 8, 1929 – January 30, 2026) was an American mathematician who was professor emeritus in the Harvard University department of statistics. He was one of four faculty members composing the department when it was founded in 1957.
His Majesty (opera)
His Majesty, or, The Court of Vingolia is an English comic opera in two acts with dialogue by F. C. Burnand, lyrics by R. C. Lehmann, additional lyrics by Adrian Ross and music by Alexander Mackenzie.

The work premiered at the Savoy Theatre in London on 20 February 1897, running for only 61 performances until 24 April 1897, despite a strong cast including George Grossmith, Ilka Pálmay, Scott Russell, Fred Billington, Florence Perry and Walter Passmore.  The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company then toured the opera throughout 1897 alongside more familiar Gilbert and Sullivan works.

Comic opera
Comic opera, sometimes known as light opera, is a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature, usually with a happy ending and often including spoken dialogue.

Forms of comic opera first developed in late 17th-century Italy. By the 1730s, a new operatic genre, opera buffa, emerged as an alternative to opera seria. It quickly made its way to France, where it became opéra comique, and eventually, in the following century, French operetta, with Jacques Offenbach as its most accomplished practitioner.

The influence of Italian and French forms spread to other parts of Europe. Many countries developed their own genres of comic opera, incorporating the Italian and French models along with their own musical traditions. Examples include German singspiel, Viennese operetta, Spanish zarzuela, Russian comic opera, English ballad and Savoy opera, North American operetta and musical comedy.
Asterolasia correifolia
Asterolasia correifolia is a species of erect shrub that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has white to brown star-shaped hairs on its stems, lance-shaped to elliptical leaves densely covered with white star-shaped hairs on the lower surface, and white to cream-coloured or yellow flowers arranged in umbels of four to ten or more in leaf axils, the back of the petals densely covered with white hairs.

Umbel
In botany, an umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin umbella "parasol, sunshade". The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as umbellules or umbellets. A small umbel is called an umbellule. The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as umbellate, or occasionally subumbellate (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, Aralia and Fatsia in the family Araliaceae; and onion (Allium) in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence.
A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel.
2024 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League
The 2024 FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League was the sixth edition of the FIVB Men's Volleyball Nations League, an annual men's international volleyball tournament. The competition was held from 21 May to 30 June 2024, with the final round taking place at the Atlas Arena, Łódź, Poland.

Following the results of the 2023 Nations League and the 2023 Challenger Cup, China were replaced by debutants Turkey in this edition.

France won their second VNL title after a four-set match against Japan in the final. It was Japan's first silver medal in 47 years. Finals host Poland swept Slovenia in the third place match to bag their third bronze medal. Antoine Brizard from France was named the MVP of the tournament.

China men's national volleyball team
The China men's national volleyball team (Chinese: 中国国家男子排球队) represents China in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches, governed by Chinese Volleyball Association.  The team now ranks 24th in the FIVB World Rankings and the current head coach is Vital Heynen.

The team competed twice in the Olympic Games, finishing in eighth place at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, and fifth place in the 2008 Summer Olympics at home in Beijing. China have been consistently competing the FIVB World Championship, with a best of seventh place in both 1978 and 1982. On a continental level, China won three gold medals at the Asian Games, in 1986, 1990 and 1998. China also won 3 gold medals at the Asian Championship in 1979, 1997 and 1999.
Moosie Drier
Moosie Drier (born August 6, 1964) is an American television and film actor. He is best known for his roles as Adam Landers in Oh, God! and Riley on Kids Incorporated. Drier had regular appearances on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In and The Bob Newhart Show. He has also worked as a voice actor and as a director.

Oh, God! (film)
Oh, God! is a 1977 American comedy film starring George Burns and John Denver. Based on the 1971 novel by Avery Corman, the film was directed by Carl Reiner from a screenplay by Larry Gelbart. The story centers on supermarket manager Jerry Landers (Denver), who is chosen by God (Burns) to spread His message despite skepticism of the media, religious authorities, and his own wife (Teri Garr).

The movie's success spawned its titular film series, which included two sequels: Oh, God! Book II (1980) and Oh, God! You Devil (1984). Both featured Burns reprising his role, but no other characters from the original story.
1987–88 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1987–88 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 18th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 23 August 1987 to 17 March 1988.

Borris-Ileigh of Tipperary were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being defeated by Lorrha in the North Tipperary SHC. Cappawhite of Tipperary made their championship debut.

The All-Ireland final was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 17 March 1988, between Midleton of Cork and Athenry of Galway, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Midleton won the match by 3–08 to 0–09 to claim a first title.

Athenry's P. J. Molloy was the championship's top scorer with 0–31.

1986–87 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship
The 1986–87 All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship was the 17th staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship, the Gaelic Athletic Association's premier inter-county club hurling tournament. The championship ran from 31 August 1986 to 17 March 1987.

Kilruane MacDonagh's of Tipperary were the defending champions, however, they failed to qualify after being beaten by Borris–Ileigh in the final of the 1986 Tipperary SHC. Clara of Kilkenny, Killimordaly of Galway and Leixlip of Kildare made their championship debuts.

The All-Ireland final was played at Croke Park in Dublin on 17 March 1987, between Borris–Ileigh of Tipperary and Rathnure of Wexford, in what was a first championship meeting between the teams. Borris–Ileigh won the match by 2–09 to 0–09 to claim their only title.

Rathnure's Jimmy Holohan was the championship's top scorer with 0–37.
Usotoki Rhetoric
Usotoki Rhetoric (嘘解きレトリック) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ritsu Miyako. It was serialized in Hakusensha's Bessatsu Hana to Yume manga magazine from October 2012 to March 2018. A live-action television drama adaptation aired on Fuji TV from October to December 2024.

Hakusensha
Hakusensha, Incorporated (株式会社白泉社, Kabushiki-gaisha Hakusensha) is a Japanese publishing company. It is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo.

The company mainly publishes manga magazines and is involved in series' productions in their games, original video animation, music, and their animated TV series.

The company is part of the Hitotsubashi Group.
Alfonso González
Arturo Alfonso González González (born 5 September 1994), also known as Ponchito, is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga MX club Atlas.

Participating for the national team throughout various age groups, González was part of the team that won the 2011 U-17 World Cup. He made his debut with the senior Mexico national team in 2014 in a friendly match against Honduras.

Atlas F.C.
Atlas Fútbol Club, simplified as Atlas FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Guadalajara, Jalisco. It competes in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Jalisco. Founded in 1916, Atlas was one of ten founding members in 1943 of the first professional and national league in Mexico, named Liga Mayor (current Liga MX). Nicknamed Rojinegros due to their traditional colors (red and black) on the club's crest and uniform.

Domestically, Atlas FC has won 3 Liga MX titles, 4 Copa MX titles and 5 Campeón de Campeones.

Los Rojinegros had their golden era in the 1950s and 60s. They became one of the few "bicampeones" (back-to-back champions) of Mexican football in 2021 and 2022. Atlas has a big rivalry with city rivals Guadalajara called El Clásico Tapatío.